Artículos de revistas: "Heze Shi (China)"

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LI, ZIXUAN y HONGQU TANG. "Description of immature stages of Endochironomus pekanus (Kieffer) (Diptera, Chironomidae)". Zootaxa 5446, n.º 4 (2 de mayo de 2024): 581–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5446.4.10.

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The larva and pupa of Endochironomus pekanus (Kieffer, 1916) are described for the first time based on the pharate materials from China. Endotribelos redimiculum Qi, Shi, Lin et Wang, 2013 is newly synonymized with E. pekanus based on reexamination of the type material. New distribution records are also given for the species here.

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WANG, RUI y LI-BIN MA. "Polionemobius gyirongensis sp. nov. from Tibet, China, and the identification of the species Polionemobius ebony Wu & Ma, 2022 and its close relative (Orthoptera: Trigonidiidae; Nemobiinae)". Zootaxa 5339, n.º 4 (31 de agosto de 2023): 390–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5339.4.5.

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A new species, Polionemobius gyirongensis Ma & Wang, sp. nov., is reported from Tibet, China. Its appearance is similar to that of Polionemobius yunnanus Liu & Shi, 2014, with a small-sized body and oval notch on both sides of the pronotum. Description and illustrations for the new species are provided here. At the same time, we compared Polionemobius ebony Wu & Ma, 2022 and Pteronemobius nigriscens (Shiraki, 1911) and determined that they are different species.

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Stenberg (石峻山), Josh. "“Finding the Distant Homeland Here”: Contemporary Indonesian Poetry in Chinese". Journal of Chinese Overseas 18, n.º 2 (4 de octubre de 2022): 312–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17932548-12341469.

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Abstract This article focuses on three themes in contemporary Chinese-language verse from Indonesia: nationhood, language use, and the trauma of history. Through these themes, Chinese-language poets in Indonesia work through the many ways of being a speaker of Chinese in Indonesia, sometimes as an excluded alien, sometimes as a valued ally, and sometimes as an integrated minority. Such work provides unusual perspectives and tones to contribute to the much-discussed questions of Chinese-Indonesian identity, and functions as a reminder that literary corpora diverge within the “same” ethnic minority by linguistic expression. Borrowing a line from one of the most active poets, Sha Ping, this article suggests that Indonesians writing in Chinese are engaged on a quest to “find the distant homeland here” in Indonesia, even as they honor the trauma of history, the achievements of China, and the language of their ancestors.

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Zhong, Cairong, Donglin Li y Ying Zhang. "Description of a new natural Sonneratia hybrid from Hainan Island, China". PhytoKeys 154 (3 de agosto de 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.154.53223.

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Here, we describe, illustrate and compare a new natural hybrid, Sonneratia × zhongcairongii Y. S. Wang & S. H. Shi (Sonneratiaceae), with its possible parent species. Based on its morphological characteristics and habitat conditions, this taxon is considered to represent a sterile hybrid between S. alba and S. apetala. In China, the new hybrid is only reported in the mangrove forest in Dongzhai Harbour, Hainan Island. It has intermediate characteristics with its parents by elliptical leaf blades, peltate stigma, terminal or axillary inflorescence with 1–3 flower dichasia, cup – shaped calyx (4–6 calyx lobes) and no petals. We also provide a key for the identification of Sonneratia species.

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Ikegami, Ayako, Keizo Yonemori, Akira Sugiura, Akihiko Sato y Masahiko Yamada. "Segregation of Astringency in F1 Progenies Derived from Crosses between Pollination-constant, Nonastringent Persimmon Cultivars". HortScience 39, n.º 2 (abril de 2004): 371–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.2.371.

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Japanese persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.) cultivars are classified into four types depending on the nature of astringency loss of the fruit. The pollination-constant, non-astringent (PCNA) persimmons lose their astringency on the tree as the fruits develop. This PCNA trait is qualitatively inherited and recessive to the other three types, pollination-constant, astringent (PCA), pollination-variant, nonastringent (PVNA), and pollination-variant, astringent (PVA). In fact, crosses among Japanese PCNA cultivars yield only PCNA type in F1 generation as shown in recent breeding programs at the National Institute of Fruit Tree Science. Despite these previous results, we demonstrated here that non-PCNA (PVNA, PVA, and PCA) type offspring were derived at relatively high rates in the F1 generation from a cross between `Luo Tian Tian Shi', a PCNA accession from China, and the Japanese PCNA cultivar, `Taishu', despite the fact that `Luo Tian Tian Shi' was confirmed to be a true PCNA type by measuring tannin cell size, a principal morphological characteristic to distinguish PCNA cultivars from non-PCNA ones. When segregations of tannin cell size and tannin content in three progenies of the breeding populations derived from Chinese PCNA `Luo Tian Tian Shi' × Japanese PCNA `Taishu', Japanese PCNA `Shinshu' × Japanese PCNA `Taishu', and Japanese PVNA (non-PCNA) `Kurokuma' × Japanese PCNA `Taishu' were investigated, all offspring between Japanese PCNA cultivars contained only small tannin cells and were PCNA types, and those between Japanese PVNA × PCNA cultivars contained only large tannin cells and were non-PCNA types. However, hybrids between `Luo Tian Tian Shi' and `Taishu' segregated into populations of small and large tannin cells, indicating that `Luo Tian Tian Shi' is likely heterozygous for astringency. Therefore, Chinese PCNA `Luo Tian Tian Shi' should be different from Japanese PCNA cultivars in genetic makeup.

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KLUGE, NIKITA J. "Review of Centroptella Braasch & Soldán 1980 (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae)". Zootaxa 5054, n.º 1 (19 de octubre de 2021): 1–144. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5054.1.1.

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The Eastern Hemisphere genus Centroptella Braasch & Soldán 1980 (s. l.) is divided into three subgenera, the subgenus Centroptella s. str., the subgenus Crassolus Salles et al. 2016 and the subgenus Chopralla Waltz & McCafferty 1987. Among them, Centroptella s. str. and Crassolus are more closely related one to another than to Chopralla, that in the hierarchical nomenclature can be expressed as the following: Centroptella/g1 {Chopralla + Centroptella/g2 {Crassolus + Centroptella/g3}}. The subgenus Centroptella s. str. is distributed in the Oriental Region and Australia; it includes the following species: Centroptella (s. str.) longisetosa Braasch & Soldán 1980 with a new subspecies C. longisetosa cinerea subsp. n. (described here from southern India based on larvae, subimagines, imagines of both sexes and eggs associated by rearing); C. (s. str.) femorata sp. n. (described here from Lombok Island based on larva, subimago and male imago associated by rearing); C. (s. str.) soldani Müller-Liebenau 1983 (known from Sri Lanka and redescribed here based on larvae, female subimagines and eggs associated by rearing); C. (s. str.) ornatipes sp. n. (described here from southern India based on larvae, subimagines, imagines of both sexes and eggs associated by rearing); C. (s. str.) breviseta sp. n. (described here from New Guinea based on larvae, subimagines, female imagines and eggs associated by rearing); C. (s. str.) illiesi (Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty 1998) (known from Australia and redescribed here based on non-reared larvae, subimagines and imagines); C. (s. str.) fustipalpus (Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty 1998) (known from Australia as larvae only); C. (s. str.) quadrata Shi & Tong 2019 (known from China as larvae only); C. (s. str.) sp. cf. quadrata (reported here from Borneo based on male and female larvae ready to molt to subimago); C. (s. str.) ovata Shi & Tong 2019 (known from China as larvae only); and C. (s. str.?) papilionodes Marle et al. 2016 (known from Borneo as larvae only). The subgenus Crassolus is distributed in the Afrotropical Region, Oriental Region and southern Palaearctic Region; it includes the following species: Centroptella (Crassolus) inzingae (Crass 1947) (known from South Africa as larvae and imagines); C. (Crassolus) saxophila (Agnew 1961) (known from South Africa and redescribed here based on larvae, subimagines, imagines of both sexes and eggs associated by rearing); C. (Crassolus) ludmilae sp. n. (described here from Tanzania based on larvae, subimagines, imagines of both sexes and eggs associated by rearing), C. (Crassolus) ingridae Kluge et al. 2020 (known from Indochina and here redescribed based on larvae, subimagines, imagines of both sexes and eggs associated by rearing), C. (Crassolus) pontica (Sroka et al. 2019) (known from Turkey as larvae only); C. (Crassolus?) bifida (Shi & Tong 2019) (known from China as larvae only); C. (Crassolus?) sp. «Nepal» (reported here from Nepal based on larva. The subgenus Chopralla is distributed in the Oriental Region; it includes the following species: Centroptella (Chopralla) ceylonensis Müller-Liebenau 1983 (= C. similis Müller-Liebenau 1983 syn. n.) (known from southern India and Sri Lanka and redescribed here based on larvae, subimagines, imagines of both sexes and eggs associated by rearing); C. (Chopralla) ghatensis sp. n. (described here from southern India based on larvae, subimagines, imagines of both sexes and eggs associated by rearing); C. (Chopralla) rufostriata sp. n. (described here from Lombok Island based on larvae, subimagines, imagines of both sexes and eggs associated by rearing); C. (Chopralla) papuanica sp. n. (described here from New Guinea based on larvae, subimagines, female imagines and eggs associated by rearing); C. (Chopralla) pusilla Müller-Liebenau 1984 (known from Borneo and redescribed here based on male larvae ready to molt to subimago); C. (Chopralla) kangi sp. n. (described here from Borneo based on male and female larvae ready to molt to subimago); C. (Chopralla) colorata Soldán et al. 1987 [= C. fusina (Tong & Dudgeon 2003) syn. n.] (known from Vietnam and China as larvae and imagines associated by rearing); and C. (Chopralla) bintang Marle et al. 2016 (known from Borneo as larvae only).

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Bao, Hongwei. "In Queer Memory: Mediating Queer Chinese History in Digital Video Documentaries". Panoptikum, n.º 29 (30 de junio de 2023): 94–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.26881/pan.2023.29.06.

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This article examines the digital and cinematic mediation of queer memory in four independent Chinese documentaries: Queer China, “Comrade” China (dir. Cui Zi’en 2008), Our Story (dir. Yang Yang, 2011), We Are Here (dir. Shi Tou and Jing Zhao, 2016) and Shanghai Queer (dir. Chen Xiangqi, 2019). All these films have been made by queer identified filmmakers and have used the digital video documentary format as an activist strategy; all have strived to record China’s queer history in the post-Mao era. However, because of the filmmakers’ gender and sexual subjectivities, together with the historical and social contexts in which these films were made, the four documentaries remember China’s queer history in different ways. Together, these documentaries contest a heteronormative and a homonormative narrative of Chinese history by constructing alternative memories; they also insert queer people’s voices and experiences into that history. All these mediations testify to the heterogeneity of queer people’s experience, as well as the overdetermination of queer memory as a result of a contingent assemblage of factors such as time, place, technology and filmmaker’s gender and sexual subjectivities.

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8

Shen, Hong. "11 YEARS OF BIOSTEREOLOGY IN CHINA". Image Analysis & Stereology 19, n.º 3 (3 de mayo de 2011): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.5566/ias.v19.p157-161.

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Biostereology in China is very active. Here is a brief summary: Organization: The organization of biostereology in China was founded in Nov. 1988. Its name is Chinese Society of Biomedical Stereology (CSBS), and is affiliated to the Chinese Society for Stereology (CSS). The first joint president of CSS/BMC was Prof. Peixuan Tang, the second and now the third, is Prof. Dewen Wang. There are 556 registered members. Academic Congresses: Sessions of the National Biostereological Congress were convened in 1990, 1992, 1996 and 2000. Publications: Four works were written and published in China. One is "Quantitative Histology" (Luji Shi, 1964), another is "Stereological Morphometry For Cell Morphology" (Fusheng Zheng, 1990), the third one is "Practical Biostereological Techniques" (Hong Shen and Yingzhong Shen, 1991) and the fourth one is "Quantitative Cytology and Cytochemistry Techniques" (Genxing Xu, 1994). A Chinese Journal of Stereology and Image Analysis has been published since 1996. Courses: More than ten national training courses on biostereology were held. In some medical universities or colleges, a biostereology course has been set up. Theoretical studies: Some new concepts, parameters and methods for stereology and morphometry were put forward, such as: regular form factor, volume concavity, surface concavity, area concavity, boundary concavity, curve profile area density, positive university for immunohistochemistry stain etc. Application: Stereological methods have been widely applied in biomedical studies. The applied field covered most of the morphological domain of biology. The main applications of biostereology are quantitative pathological diagnosis and prognosis of tumor cells and histostructures. Most studies utilize classical stereological methods. New stereological methods should be popularized and applied in the future. Image Analysis System: Image analysis systems are widely used in biostereological studies. About ten kinds of image analysis systems have been manufactured in China. The most popular is HPIAS, which is made by Huahai Electronic CO.LTD.

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Zhou, Guchun, Weifeng Du, Chengxiang Xu y Muhammad Irfan. "A new species of Floronia Simon, 1887 from Baiyan Cave in Guizhou Province, China (Araneae, Linyphiidae)". ZooKeys 1185 (1 de diciembre de 2023): 309–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1185.109285.

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Floronia huishuiensis Zhou & Xu, sp. nov. (♂♀) is the first species in the genus Floronia to be described from Baiyan Cave in Guizhou Province, China. The new species is similar to F. zhejiangensis Zhu, Chen & Sha, 1987 but differs in structural details of the genital organs, primarily by the presence of a well-developed retrolateral tibial apophysis, a hook-shaped distal end of the radix in the male palp, and the rectangular posterior median plate in the epigyne. The illustration of copulatory organs of F. bucculenta (Clerck, 1757) and F. zhejiangensis Zhu, Chen & Sha, 1987 were reproduced here for comparison. A detailed description, photographs of the habitus and copulatory organs of the new species and a distribution map is provided.

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Liang, Ju y Jim Haywood. "Future changes in atmospheric rivers over East Asia under stratospheric aerosol intervention". Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 23, n.º 2 (30 de enero de 2023): 1687–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1687-2023.

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Abstract. Atmospheric rivers (ARs) are closely associated with historical extreme precipitation events over East Asia. The projected increase in such weather systems under global warming has been extensively discussed in previous studies, while the role of stratospheric aerosol, particularly for the implementation of stratospheric aerosol intervention (SAI), in such a change remains unknown. Based on an ensemble of the UK Earth System Model (UKESM1) simulations, here we investigate changes in the frequency of ARs and their associated mean and extreme precipitation under a range of climate forcing, including greenhouse gas emission scenarios of high (SSP5–8.5) and medium (SSP2–4.5) levels, the deployment of SAI geoengineering (G6sulfur), and solar dimming (G6solar). The result indicates a significant increase in AR frequency and AR-related precipitation over most of East Asia in a warmer climate, and the most pronounced changes are observed in southern China. Comparing G6solar and both the Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP) scenarios, the G6sulfur simulations indicate that SAI is effective at partly ameliorating the increases in AR activity over the subtropical region; however, it may result in more pronounced increases in ARs and associated precipitation over the upper-midlatitude regions, particularly northeastern China. Such a response is associated with the further weakening of the subtropical westerly jet stream under SAI that favours the upper-midlatitude AR activity. This is driven by the decreased meridional gradient of thermal expansion in the mid–high troposphere associated with aerosol cooling across the tropical region, though SAI effectively ameliorates the widespread increase in thermal expansion under climate warming. Such a side effect of SAI over the populated region implies that caution must be taken when considering geoengineering approaches to mitigating hydrological risk under climate change.

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ZHANG, ZHI-SHENG, SHUQIANG LI y GUO ZHENG. "Comb-tailed spiders from Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, China (Araneae, Hahniidae)". Zootaxa 2912, n.º 1 (9 de junio de 2011): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2912.1.1.

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Spiders of the family Hahniidae from the rainforest area of Xishuangbanna are examined. Totally 7 species, including 5 new species are reported: Alistra annulata sp. nov. (male), A. hippocampa sp. nov. (male, female), Hahnia saccata sp. nov. (male, female), H. submaginii sp. nov. (male, female) and H. senaria sp. nov. (male, female). Two known species, Hahnia flagellifera Zhu, Chen & Sha, 1989 (male, female) and H. himalayaensis Hu & Zhang, 1990 (male, female) are firstly recorded from Yunnan Province and redescribed here. The genus Alistra is firstly recorded from China. Morphological descriptions, illustrations and photos of all species are given. All specimens are deposited in the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing (IZCAS).

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DING, GUO-HUA, ZHI-QIANG CHEN, YUN TANG y ZHI-HUA LIN. "The advertisement call of Leptobrachella liui Fei and Ye, 1990 (Anura: Megophryidae)". Zootaxa 4576, n.º 3 (3 de abril de 2019): 588. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4576.3.11.

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Leptobrachella (Anura: Megophryidae) is currently composed of seventy-one species distributed in China and Southeast Asia (Frost 2018). Fourteen species of Leptobrachella are currently known from southern China: L. alpina (Fei, Ye & Li, 1990), L. laui (Sung, Yang & Wang, 2014), L. liui (Fei & Ye, 1990), L. mangshanensis (Hou, Zhang, Hu, Li, Shi, Chen, Mo & Wang, 2018), L. maoershanensis (Yuan, Sun, Chen, Rowley & Che, 2017), L. oshanensis (Liu, 1950), L. purpura (Yang, Zeng & Wang, 2018), L. tengchongensis (Yang, Wang, Chen & Rao, 2016), L. wuhuangmontis (Wang, Yang & Wang, 2018), L. yingjiangensis (Yang, Zeng & Wang, 2018), L. yunkaiensis (Wang, Li, Lyu & Wang, 2018), L. ventripunctata (Fei, Ye & Li, 1990), L. pelodytoides (Boulenger, 1893) and L. sungi (Lathrop, Murphy, Orlov & Ho, 1998) and the first eleven species are endemic of this region (AmphibiaChina 2018). Many new species in this genus were discovered based on molecular, morphometric and bioacoustic data in recent years (Frost 2018). In comparison to molecular and morphological data, bioacoustics is especially useful in species identification of Leptobrachella in field surveys (Rowley et al. 2016). Although the advertisement calls of many Leptobrachella species were described along with the species descriptions (e.g., Rowley et al. 2016), the advertisement calls of only three Chinese endemic species (L. alpinus; L. laui and L. oshanensis) are known (Jiang et al. 2002; Matsui 2006; Xu et al. 2005). Here, we describe the advertisement calls of L. liui, which inhabits rocky streams in southeastern China (Fujian, Jiangxi and Zhejinag) and is morphologically diagnosed by the combination of a set of external color traits (Fig. 1).

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Irfan, Muhammad, Lu-Yu Wang y Zhi-Sheng Zhang. "Survey of Linyphiidae spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) from Wulipo National Nature Reserve, Chongqing, China". European Journal of Taxonomy 871 (5 de junio de 2023): 1–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.871.2129.

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An extensive survey of Linyphiidae spiders from Wulipo National Nature Reserve (NNR), Chongqing has been conducted, in which 24 species belonging to 16 genera are recorded including two new genera and eight new species described here as: Agyneta Hull, 1911, A. orthogonia sp. nov. (♂♀); Dicristatus gen. nov., D. minutus gen. et sp. nov. (♂♀); Dicymbium Menge, 1868, D. pingqianense sp. nov. (♂♀); Himalaphantes Tanasevitch, 1992, H. azumiensis (Oi, 1979) (♂♀); Indophantes Saaristo & Tanasevitch, 2003, I. wushanensis sp. nov. (♂♀); Ketambea Millidge & Russell-Smith, 1992, K. nigripectoris (Oi, 1960) (♂♀); Molestia Tu, Saaristo & Li, 2006, M. pollicaris sp. nov. (♂♀); Neriene Blackwall, 1833, N. calozonata Chen & Zhu, 1989 (♀), N. cavaleriei (Schenkel, 1963) (♂♀), N. emphana (Walckenaer, 1841) (♂♀), N. japonica (Oi, 1960) (♂♀), N. limbatinella (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906) (♀), N. longipedella (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906) (♂♀), N. oidedicata van Helsdingen, 1969 (♀); Prosoponoides Millidge & Russell-Smith, 1992, P. sinense (Chen, 1991) (♂♀); Ryojius Saito & Ono, 2001, R. simplex sp. nov. (♂♀); Stemonyphantes Menge, 1866, S. bifurcus sp. nov. (♂); Syedra Simon, 1884, S. oii Saito, 1983; Tapinopa Westring, 1851, T. guttata Komatsu, 1937 (♀); Tenuiphantes Saaristo & Tanasevitch, 1996, T. ancatus (Zhu, Li & Sha, 1986) (♂♀); Walckenaeria Blackwall, 1833, Walckenaeria asymmetrica Song & Li, 2011 (♂♀); Wuliphantes gen. nov., W. guanshan (Irfan, Wang & Zhang, 2022) gen. et comb. nov. (♂♀), W. tongluensis (Chen & Song, 1988) gen. et comb. nov. (♂♀), W. trigyrus gen. et sp. nov. (♂♀). Male of Tenuiphantes ancatus (Zhu, Li & Sha, 1986) is described here for the first time as new to science. The taxonomic status of Bathyphantes guanshan Irfan, Wang & Zhang, 2022 and Bathyphantes tongluensis (Chen & Song, 1988) is revised and proposed here as: Wuliphantes tongluensis (Chen & Song, 1988) gen. et comb. nov. (♂♀) and Wuliphantes guanshan (Irfan, Wang & Zhang, 2022) gen. et comb. nov. (♂♀), respectively. Morphological descriptions, photos of body and copulatory organs, as well as the locality map are provided.

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Lukhtanov, Vladimir A., Anastasia V. Gagarina y Elena A. Pazhenkova. "Chromosomal and DNA barcode analysis of the Melitaea ala Staudinger, 1881 species complex (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae)". Comparative Cytogenetics 15, n.º 2 (18 de junio de 2021): 199–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v15.i2.66121.

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The species of the Melitaea ala Staudinger, 1881 complex are distributed in Central Asia. Here we show that this complex is a monophyletic group including the species, M. ala, M. kotshubeji Sheljuzhko, 1929 and M. enarea Fruhstorfer, 1917. The haploid chromosome number n=29 is found in M. ala and M. kotshubeji and is, most likely, a symplesiomorphy of the M. ala complex. We show that M. ala consists of four subspecies: M. ala zaisana Lukhtanov, 1999 (=M. ala irtyshica Lukhtanov, 1999, syn. nov.) (South Altai, Zaisan Lake valley), M. ala ala (Dzhungarian Alatau), M. ala bicolor Seitz, 1908 (North, East, Central and West Tian-Shan) and M. ala determinata Bryk, 1940 (described from “Fu-Shu-Shi”, China). We demonstrate that M. kotshubeji kotshubeji (Peter the Great Mts in Tajikistan) and M. kotshubeji bundeli Kolesnichenko, 1999 (Alai Mts in Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan) are distinct taxa despite their geographic proximity in East Tajikistan. Melitaea enarea is widely distributed in the southern part of Central Asia and is sympatric with M. kotshubeji.

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Cui, Yajie, Mengdie Zhang, Haidi Zhu, Pei Yang, Bin Yang y Zongbo Li. "Fine Structure of the Mouthparts of Three Tomicus Beetles Co-Infecting Pinus yunnanensis in Southwestern China with Some Functional Comments". Insects 14, n.º 12 (7 de diciembre de 2023): 933. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects14120933.

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Tomicus yunnanensis, T. brevipilosus, and T. minor are the most economically significant pests of Pinus yunnanensis in Southwestern China. Chemical and physical factors play critical roles in diverse biological activities. Here, we describe the fine structure of the adult mouthparts of these three Tomicus species using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. We identified three types of mandibular shapes, which determine their biomechanical properties, their ability to process food, and their preferred foraging locations on tree trunks. Eleven types of sensilla were discernible, including sensilla basiconica (Sb.1–2), sensilla twig basiconica (Stb.1–3), sensilla coeloconica (Sco), sensilla chaetica (Sch.1–2), sensilla trichoidea (Str.1–2), and sensilla digitiformia (Sdi). Each basiconic sensillum occurs on the palpal tips and is innervated by 2–6 dendrites. Sb.1 are gustatory receptors, Sb.2 are olfactory receptors, and the three other sensilla have dual taste and mechanical functions. Sco, Sch, and Str are mechanoreceptors. Sdi are mechanical vibration receptions, given that they are innervated by one dendrite with numerous dendritic branches into the nonporous cuticle. No significant differences among the sexes or species were identified; however, intraspecific variability in the number of Stb.3 and Sdi sensilla was evident. These results will aid future studies of Tomicus beetle behaviors.

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Zhong, Fanglei, Qingping Cheng y Ping Wang. "Meteorological Drought, Hydrological Drought, and NDVI in the Heihe River Basin, Northwest China: Evolution and Propagation". Advances in Meteorology 2020 (9 de junio de 2020): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/2409068.

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Understanding the evolution and propagation of different drought types is crucial to reduce drought hazards in arid and semiarid regions. Here, Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), Streamflow Drought Index (SDI), and Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) were used to investigate the spatiotemporal variation of different drought types and correlations between Pre (Pre-R)/post (Pos-R)-reservoir. Results showed that the average peak/intensity/duration/severity of meteorological droughts (MD) were greater in the Pre-R than in the Pos-R period in the upstream Heihe River Basin (UHRB), while there was little change between the Pre-R and Pos-R periods in the midstream Heihe River Basin (MHRB). The average peak/intensity/duration/severity of hydrological drought (HD) decreased in the mainstream for Yingluoxia (Ylx) but increased for Zhengyixia (Zyx) station in the Pos-R period. Propagation time decreased by 3 months (negative effect) in Ylx and increased by 8 months (positive effect) in Zyx compared with the Pre-R period. In the Pos-R period, propagation time increased (1–3 months) for tributaries (positive effect). Propagation times for the mainstream and tributaries varied for different seasons and time periods. Pearson’s correlation coefficient values were lower at short timescales (1–3 months) but higher at long timescales for the Pos-R period in Ylx and Zyx for SDI-1 with different timescales of SPI. The SDI and SPI had no lag in the UHRB and MHRB. However, VCI with SPI had a significant lag correlation at short timescales in the UHRB (lag 6 months) and MHRB (lag 4 months), and the VCI with SDI had a significant lag correlation for 1 month in the MHRB. The propagation time from MD to HD has been reduced for Pos-R in the UHRB. There was a positive effect (prolonged MD propagation HD time) in Pos-R but still faces serious drought stress in the MHRB.

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Shen, Haiwei, Xiongping Zhang, Hong Shen, Yizhong Chen, Yiping Shao, Nicole Mulanaphy, Shiqiang Lu y Weiqing Lin. "Application of Online Spill Simulation and Response Management System in the Yangtze River Estuary". International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2014, n.º 1 (1 de mayo de 2014): 300316. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2014-1-300316.1.

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Yangtze River estuary is one of the busiest shipping corridors in the world connecting China to the world and coast to inner China. In the middle of the Yangtze River estuary, there is a Qing Cao Sha reservoir providing drinking water to more than 10 million people in Shanghai. Frequent spills near the estuary possess a great threat to drinking water safety to the megacity. Scientists in RPS ASA and SAES have built an online spill simulation and response management system for the Yangtze River Estuary. The online system integrates oil/chemical spill models, operational hydrodynamic model, online met-ocean data, response and resource database with an interactive mapping system. It has been successfully used to simulate the spill trajectory and fate of the spill to coordinate with spill response team. Here we introduce this online system and present an oil spill response case in the Yangtze Estuary in June 2012 where the model simulation results matched extremely well with the field data observed by the local response team.

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18

Kendrick, Christopher. "Socialism and Fantasy: China Miéville's Fables of Race and Class". Monthly Review 67, n.º 9 (2 de febrero de 2016): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.14452/mr-067-09-2016-02_2.

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Among a number of contemporary science and speculative fiction writers who identify as left-wing, China Miéville stands out, not only for the quality of his literary production, but also for the critical character of his political commitment, dedicated equally to socialism and to fantasy. In addition to his fictive works, he has written articles and given lectures on the nature and value of speculative and fantasy fiction; edited a collection of essays on Marxism and fantasy in an issue of the journal Historical Materialism; and, not least, published a list of "Fifty Sci-Fi and Fantasy Works Every Socialist Should Read." I wish to discuss here the form and thematics of the early novels known (after the alternate world in which they are set) as the Bas-Lag trilogy—which remains, if you take it as a single work, his most ambitious and memorable achievement. But since Miéville is a serious critic and advocate of fantasy fiction, I will approach the books with a brief discussion of his aesthetic positions and program, gathered from essays and talks as well as from his literary works.<a href="http://monthlyreview.org/index/volume-67-number-9" title="Vol. 67, No. 9: February 2016" target="_self">Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the Monthly Review website.</a>

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19

O’HARA, JAMES E., HIROSHI SHIMA y CHUNTIAN ZHANG. "ANNOTATED CATALOGUE OF THE TACHINIDAE (INSECTA: DIPTERA) OF CHINA". Zootaxa 2190, n.º 1 (6 de agosto de 2009): 1–236. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2190.1.1.

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The Tachinidae of mainland China and Taiwan (generally referred to as China herein for brevity) are catalogued. A total of 1109 valid species are recorded of which 403 species (36%) are recorded as endemic. Distributions within China are given according to the 33 administrative divisions of the country, and distributions outside China are given according to a scheme of geographical divisions developed for this catalogue and most finely divided for the Palaearctic and Oriental Regions. The catalogue is based on examination of the primary literature comprising about 670 references and also includes a small number of records based on unpublished data from specimens examined in collections. Taxa are arranged hierarchically under the categories of subfamily, tribe, genus, subgenus (where recognized), and species. Nomenclatural details are provided for nominal genera and species. This includes synonyms at both levels for taxa described or recorded from China. For valid species, distributions are provided along with complete name-bearing type data for associated names. Additional information is given in the form of notes, numbering more than 300 in the catalogue section and about 50 in the references section. Six genera are newly recorded from China: Calliethilla Shima (Ethillini), Chetoptilia Rondani (Dufouriini), Demoticoides Mesnil (Leskiini), Pseudalsomyia Mesnil (Goniini), Redtenbacheria Schiner (Eutherini), and Rutilia Robineau-Desvoidy (Rutiliini). Fourteen species are newly recorded from China: Actia solida Tachi & Shima, Atylostoma towadensis (Matsumura), Chetoptilia burmanica (Baranov), Demoticoides pallidus Mesnil, Dexiosoma lineatum Mesnil, Feriola longicornis Mesnil, Frontina femorata Shima, Phebellia laxifrons Shima, Prodegeeria gracilis Shima, Prooppia stulta (Zetterstedt), Redtenbacheria insignis Egger, Sumpigaster subcompressa (Walker), Takanomyia frontalis Shima, and Takanomyia rava Shima. Two genera and 23 species are recorded as misidentified from China. New names are proposed for three preoccupied names: Pseudodexilla O’Hara, Shima & Zhang, nomen novum for Pseudodexia Chao, 2002; Admontia longicornalis O’Hara, Shima & Zhang, nomen novum for Admontia longicornis Yang & Chao, 1990; and Erythrocera neolongicornis O’Hara, Shima & Zhang, nomen novum for Pexopsis longicornis Sun & Chao, 1993. New type species fixations are made under the provisions of Article 70.3.2 of ICZN (1999) for 13 generic names: Chetoliga Rondani, Discochaeta Brauer & Bergenstamm, Erycina Mesnil, Eurigaster Macquart, Microvibrissina Villeneuve, Oodigaster Macquart, Plagiopsis Brauer & Bergenstamm, Prooppia Townsend, Ptilopsina Villeneuve, Ptilotachina Brauer & Bergenstamm, Rhinotachina Brauer & Bergenstamm, Schaumia Robineau-Desvoidy, and Setigena Brauer & Bergenstamm. Subgenus Tachina (Servillia Robineau-Desvoidy) is reduced to a synonym of subgenus Tachina (Tachina Meigen). The valid names of two species are reduced to nomina nuda and replaced by other available names with new status as valid names: Siphona (Aphantorhaphopsis) perispoliata (Mesnil) replaces S. (A.) mallochiana (Gardner), and Zenillia terrosa Mesnil replaces Z. grisellina (Gardner). The following 12 new combinations are proposed: Carcelina shangfangshanica (Chao & Liang), Drino (Drino) interfrons (Sun & Chao), Drino (Zygobothria) hirtmacula (Liang & Chao), Erythrocera longicornis (Sun & Chao) (a preoccupied name and replaced with Erythrocera neolongicornis O’Hara, Shima & Zhang, nomen novum), Isosturmia aureipollinosa (Chao & Zhou), Isosturmia setamacula (Chao & Liang), Isosturmia setula (Liang & Chao), Paratrixa flava (Shi), Phryno jilinensis (Sun), Phryno tibialis (Sun), Prosopodopsis ruficornis (Chao), and Takanomyia parafacialis (Sun & Chao). The following 19 new synonymies are proposed: Atylomyia chinensis Zhang & Ge with Tachina parallela Meigen (current name Bessa parallela), Atylomyia minutiungula Zhang & Wang with Ptychomyia remota Aldrich (current name Bessa remota), Carcelia (Carcelia) hainanensis Chao & Liang with Carcelia rasoides Baranov, Carcelia frontalis Baranov with Carcelia caudata Baranov, Carcelia hirtspila Chao & Shi with Carcelia (Parexorista) delicatula Mesnil (current name Carcelia (Euryclea) delicatula), Carcelia septima Baranov with Carcelia octava Baranov, Carcelia (Senometopia) dominantalis Chao & Liang with Carcelia quarta Baranov (current name Senometopia quarta), Carcelia (Senometopia) maculata Chao & Liang with Carcelia octava Baranov, Drino hersei Liang & Chao with Sturmia atropivora RobineauDesvoidy (current name Drino (Zygobothria) atropivora), Eucarcelia nudicauda Mesnil with Carcelia octava Baranov, Isopexopsis Sun & Chao with Takanomyia Mesnil, Mikia nigribasicosta Chao & Zhou withBombyliomyia apicalis Matsumura (current name Mikia apicalis), Parasetigena jilinensis Chao & Mao with Phorocera (Parasetigena) agilis takaoi Mesnil (current name Parasetigena takaoi), Phebellia latisurstyla Chao & Chen with Phebellia latipalpis Shima (current name Prooppia latipalpis), Servillia linabdomenalis Chao with Servillia cheni Chao (current name Tachina (Tachina) cheni), Servillia planiforceps Chao with Tachina sobria Walker, Spiniabdomina Shi with Paratrixa Brauer & Bergenstamm, Tachina kunmingensis Chao & Arnaud with Tachina sobria Walker, and Thecocarcelia tianpingensis Sun & Chao with Drino (Isosturmia) chatterjeeana japonica Mesnil (current name Isosturmia japonica). Musca libatrix Panzer is a nomen protectum and Musca libatrix Scopoli and Musca libatrix Geoffroy are nomina oblita. Similarly, Redtenbacheria insignis Egger is a nomen protectum and Redtenbacheria spectabilis Schiner is a nomen oblitum. Lectotypes are designated for the following 12 nominal species based on name-bearing type material in CNC: Akosempomyia caudata Villeneuve, Blepharipoda schineri Mesnil, Carcelia puberula Mesnil, Compsoptesis phoenix Villeneuve, Ectophasia antennata Villeneuve, Gymnosoma brevicorne Villeneuve, Kosempomyia tibialis Villeneuve, Phasia pusilla Meigen, Tachina fallax pseudofallax Villeneuve, Tachina chaoi Mesnil, Wagneria umbrinervis Villeneuve, and Zambesa claripalpis Villeneuve.China is an expansive country of 9.6 million square kilometers in eastern Asia. It is a land of physical and ecological extremes: southern subtropical and tropical forests, richly diverse southwestern mountains, towering Himalayas, harsh and inhospitable Tibetan Plateau, western Tien Shan range, dry Taklimakan and Goli Deserts, northeastern temperate broadleaf and coniferous forests, and eastern fertile plains and lesser mountains. Along its southern and western borders are portions of four of the world’s 34 “biodiversity hotspots”, places recognized by Conservation International for their high endemicity and threatened habitat. These are the Indo-Burma hotspot, Mountains of Southwest China hotspot (particularly Hengduan Shan), Himalaya hotspot, and Mountains of Central Asia hotspot (represented in China by Tien Shan) (http:// www.biodiversityhotspots.org). These biodiversity hotspots, and other biodiverse places in China, have given rise to an endemic fauna and flora of significant size. In the plant world, for example, the Hengduan Shan is known as the hotbed of Rhododendron evolution with about 230 species. Among the vertebrates are such Chinese endemics as the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca), golden monkeys (Rhinopithecus spp.), baiji (Lipotes vexillifer), and brown eared pheasant (Crossoptilon mantchuricum). Less conspicuous, but many times more numerous in species, are the endemic invertebrates that have evolved within present-day China. Biogeographically, China is unique among the countries of the world in lying at the crossroads of the Palaearctic and Oriental Regions. Hence, for most groups of organisms, the species of China consist of a combination of Palaearctic, Oriental, and endemic elements. This is true also of the Tachinidae of China. The Tachinidae are one of the largest families of Diptera with almost 10,000 described species and many thousands of undescribed species (Stireman et al. 2006). The family is correspondingly diverse in China, but because the Chinese tachinid fauna is still in a period of discovery and study, it must be significantly larger than the numbers given here might suggest. We record 1109 species and 257 genera of Tachinidae from mainland China and Taiwan, the former number representing about 11% of the world’s described tachinid species. From mainland China we record 1040 species, which compares to 754 and 832 species recorded from the same area by Chao et al. (1998) and Hua (2006), respectively. Our higher number is partly a reflection of species described from China since those works, or described from elsewhere and recently recognized from China, but a significant number of species were presumably overlooked by Chao et al. (1998) and Hua (2006) in the voluminous literature that exists on Chinese insects. The Chinese tachinid fauna has very few endemic genera and none of significant size, but has 403 species recorded as endemic to China plus Taiwan. This represents 36% of the total tachinid fauna. We record 343 species as endemic to mainland China and 32 species as endemic to Taiwan. The total number of species recorded from Taiwan is 231; some of these species are shared with the Oriental Region but not with mainland China.

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Kluge, Nikita J., Roman J. Godunko y Marek Svitok. "Nomenclatural changes in Centroptella Braasch & Soldán, 1980 (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae)". ZooKeys 914 (20 de febrero de 2020): 81–125. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.914.46652.

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The genus Centroptella Braasch & Soldán, 1980 is accepted here in a wide sense, i.e., including Chopralla Waltz & McCafferty, 1987. This genus concept is similar to the concept of the genus Bungona Harker, 1957 proposed by Salles et al. (2016), but with the generic name Centroptella instead of Bungona. The type species of Bungona, B. narilla Harker, 1957, has an unknown systematic position; the neotype designation proposed by Suter and Pearson (2001) is invalid, being inconsistent with the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature; the species name B. narilla and the generic name Bungona are nomina dubia, so the name Centroptella is the senior name for the genus under consideration. The generic names Chopralla and Crassolus Salles, Gattolliat & Sartori, 2016 both are junior synonyms of Centroptella (syn. nov.). The subgenera Bungona, Centroptella and Chopralla proposed by Salles et al. (2016) are unnatural. The following new combinations are proposed: Centroptella bintang (Marle, Salles & Gattolliat, 2016) comb. nov., Centroptella bifida (Shi & Tong, 2019) comb. nov., Centroptella fusina (Tong & Dudgeon, 2003) comb. nov., Centroptella fustipalpus (Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty, 1998) comb. nov., Centroptella illiesi (Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty, 1998) comb. nov., Centroptella inzingae (Crass, 1947) comb. nov., Centroptella papilionodes (Marle, Salles & Gattolliat, 2016) comb. nov., Centroptella pontica (Sroka, Godunko & Gattolliat, in Sroka et al. 2019) comb. nov., Centroptella ovata (Shi & Tong, 2019) comb. nov., Centroptella quadrata (Shi & Tong, 2019) comb. nov. and Centroptella saxophila (Agnew, 1961) comb. nov. The two Australian species, C. fustipalpus and C. illiesi, differ from each other in the shape of tergalii; corrections to the original description of C. fustipalpus are given based on re-examination of the holotype and paratypes; details of larval structures of C. illiesi are figured. Corrections to the former descriptions of the South African species C. inzingae and C. saxophila are given. Examination of type material led to the discovery that the original description of the Oriental species Centroptella liebenauae Soldán, Braasch & Muu, 1987 was based on two different species: the descriptions of imago and subimago belong to Centroptella longisetosa Braasch & Soldán, 1980 (the type species of Centroptella), and the description of larva belongs to a different species, which we describe here as Centroptella ingridaesp. nov. The holotype of C. liebenauae, a larva, should be considered lost; based on the date of collection, it belonged to C. longisetosa; a set of larval exuviae with the same collecting data as the holotype, is designated as the neotype of C. liebenauae, and a new synonymy is established: C. longisetosa = C. liebenauaesyn. nov. The larvae originally assigned to C. liebenauae are placed to a new species Centroptella ingridaesp. nov. belonging to the inzingae-ingridae species group; all stages of development of this species are described based on male and female imagines reared from larvae in Thailand and on the misidentified paratypes of C. liebenauae from Vietnam. Centroptella longisetosa is redescribed based on the single paratype from China, the neotype and paratypes of C. liebenauae from Vietnam, and additional material from India. Additional data on the holotype of Centroptella colorata Soldán, Braasch & Muu, 1987 are given.

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Editorial, E. "Retraction: Xininyu J, Xiaoiaoiaoqining C, Yanyanyan W, Free radical-scavenging activity and flavonoid contents of Polygonum orientale leaf, stem, and seed extracts, Arch Biol Sci, 2009;61(1):79-83. , https://doi.org/10.2298/ABS0901079J". Archives of Biological Sciences 71, n.º 1 (2019): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/abs181226060e.

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The Editor-in-Chief of the Archives of Biological Sciences has been informed of possible dual publication of the article: Xininyu J, Xiaoiaoiaoqining C, YanYanYan W, Free radical-scavenging activity and flavonoid contents of Polygonum orientale leaf, stem, and seed extracts Arch Biol Sci, 2009;61(1):79-83, with the affiliation: College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South Central University, Changsha 410083, PR China, which is a duplicate of an earlier paper: Xinyu J, Xiaoqing C, Yan W. Free Radical Scavenging Activity and Flavonoids Contents of Polygonum orientale Leaf, Stem and Seed Extracts. Lat Am J Pharm. 2009;28(2):284-7. The abstract is available here: http://www.latamjpharm.org/resumenes/28/2/LAJOP_28_2_2_3.pdf. Link to the retracted article <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ABS0901079J">10.2298/ABS0901079J</a>

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Sun, Yue y Yi-Chun Lu. "Non-Nucleophilic Electrolytes with Non-Fluorinated Hybrid Solvents for Long-Life Magnesium Metal Batteries". ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-01, n.º 1 (28 de agosto de 2023): 438. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-011438mtgabs.

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Growing energy demands and the widespread of renewable power sources call for high-energy storage systems beyond lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Rechargeable magnesium batteries (RMBs) are high-energy, safer, and more cost-effective alternatives to LIBs and lithium metal batteries (LMBs) thanks to Mg’s high volumetric capacity (3832 mAh cm-3)1, low theoretical potential (-2.37 V vs SHE)2 and earth-abundance3. Non-nucleophilic and non-fluorinated compounds are the most important class of materials to enable sustainable rechargeable magnesium (Mg) batteries, however, they suffer from poor stability due to the formation of unstable solid-electrolyte-interphase (SEI).4 Here, we design a hybrid-solvent electrolyte by dispersing a non-nucleophilic solution in a non-fluorinated weakly-coordinating solvent to prevent parasitic reactions and form stable SEI. This strategy significantly improved the cycle life of the Mg anode from 24 to 4000 hours (in Mg-Mg symmetric cells) and realized a stable cycle life of Mg-Mo6S8 full cells for more than 2300 hours with an average CE of 99.96%. The non-fluorinated weakly-coordinating solvent suppressed uneven Mg growth and contributed to the formation of polymeric SEI, which filled the cracks of pristine SEI, preventing side reactions and passivation. This strategy revealed the critical role of weakly-coordinating solvents in stabilizing Mg anode for reversible Mg batteries. References: [1] H. S. Kim, T. S. Arthur, G. D. Allred, J. Zajicek, J. G. Newman, A. E. Rodnyansky, A. G. Oliver, W. C. Boggess, J. Muldoon, Nat. Commun., 2 (2011) 427-433. [2] R. Attias, M. Salama, B. Hirsch, Y. Goffer, D. Aurbach, Joule, 3 (2019) 27–52. [3] W. Guo, S. Chen, N. Hussain, Y. Cong, Z. Liang, K. Chen, Plant Signal. Behav., 10 (2015) e992287. [4] Z. Lu, A. Schechter, M. Moshkovich, D. Aurbach, J. Electroanal. Chem., 466 (1999) 203–217. Acknowledgments: This work is supported by a grant from the Innovation and Technology Commission of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China (Project No. ITS/219/21FP).

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Li, Zhi An, Bi Zou, Han-ping Xia, Hai Ren, Jiang-ming Mo y Hong Weng. "Litterfall Dynamics of an Evergreen Broadleaf Forest and a Pine Forest in the Subtropical Region of China". Forest Science 51, n.º 6 (1 de diciembre de 2005): 608–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestscience/51.6.608.

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Abstract Monthly litterfall was monitored over a 10-year period from an evergreen broadleaf forest (EBF) and a pine forest (PF) in subtropical South China. During this period, litter was also collected bimonthly from the forest floor for 2 years. Total annual litterfall in EBF fluctuated around 9 Mg ha−1 with leaves, branches, and miscellanea accounting for 52.5%, 22.2%, and 25.3%, respectively. Total annual litterfall alternated between high and low values in consecutive years. Storms and pest outbreaks were responsible for most of the peaks in both monthly and annual litterfall. Litter from each of 43 species was recorded, but 9 species contributed about 85% of total litterfall. Dominant species shed their leaves in a more regular pattern with peaks mainly from Jan. to Mar. Pine forest (Pinus massoniana) produced much less litterfall than EBF, with a mean of 2.7 Mg ha−1. Here, leaves accounted for 73.2% of total litterfall, branches only 11.4%, and miscellanea 15.4%. Litter on the ground amounted to 5.2 Mg ha−1 in EBF and 2.9 Mg ha−1 in PF. The results show that this climax forest has much higher litterfall and forest floor mass than the pine forest, and litterfall is rather stable with regard to annual variation. FOR. SCI. 51(6):608–615.

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24

Wang, Hui, Jiawei Shen, Chengfeng Zhu, Kai Ma, Mengcheng Fang, Bingbing Li, Wenhui Wang y Ting Xue. "Antibiotics Resistance and Virulence of Staphylococcus aureus Isolates Isolated from Raw Milk from Handmade Dairy Retail Stores in Hefei City, China". Foods 11, n.º 15 (22 de julio de 2022): 2185. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11152185.

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Handmade dairy products, which retain the nutrients in milk to the greatest extent, have become popular in China recently. However, no investigation regarding the characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) in raw milk of handmade dairy retail stores has been reported. Here, we investigated the antimicrobial susceptibility, virulence, biofilm formation, and genetic diversity of S. aureus in raw milk from handmade dairy retail stores in Hefei, China. After 10 months of long-term monitoring, 50 S. aureus strains were isolated from 69 different raw milk samples, of which 6 were positive for methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). The resistance rates of these isolates to ampicillin, erythromycin, kanamycin, tetracycline, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, gentamicin, ofloxacin, oxacillin, chloramphenicol, and doxycycline were 56, 54, 40, 24, 22, 22, 18, 14, 8 and 6%, respectively. All 50 isolates were susceptible to vancomycin and 29 strains (58%) showed multidrug resistance phenotype. For enterotoxins genes, selp (14%) was detected the most frequently, followed by sea (6%), sec (4%), sei (4%), ser (4%), selj (4%), and seh (2%). By microplate assay, 32 and 68% of the strains showed moderate and strong biofilm formation ability, respectively. Fifty isolates were discriminated into nine spa types, and the most common spa typing was t034 (42%). The results of this study indicate that S. aureus from raw milk may constitute a risk concerning food poisoning, and more attention must be given to awareness and hygienic measures in the food industry.

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Li, C. J., Z. F. Wang, N. Chen y Z. B. Nan. "First Report of Choke Disease Caused by Epichloë typhina on Orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata) in China". Plant Disease 93, n.º 6 (junio de 2009): 673. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-93-6-0673b.

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Orchardgrass or cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.) has been widely cultivated as a forage crop in many provinces of China (1). It is also a native perennial forage grass, which grows at the edge of forests, shrubs, and mountainous grasslands in Xinjiang and Sichuan (2). In September of 2007, signs of choke disease on orchardgrass were observed in a native grassland under birch woodland near Altai City, Xinjiang, China. Stromata, which formed on culms of diseased grass, enclosing the inflorescence and leaf sheath, were 4.5 to 5.5 mm long, smooth or wrinkled, white and later becoming yellowish or yellow, tuberculate, dry, and covered with perithecia. Inflorescences surrounded by fungal stromata were choked and failed to mature, thus restricting seed production. Pure cultures were obtained by directly scraping stromata from the surface and incubating it on antibiotic potato dextrose agar (PDA). The colonies were cottony, white on the upper surface, and white to yellow on the reverse. The growth rate was 13 to 21 mm per week at 25°C on PDA. Conidia were hyaline, lunate to reniform, and measured 4.1 ± 0.5 × 2.2 ± 0.5 μm. They accumulated in small globose heads at the tips of conidiogenous cells and were produced singly on conidiophores of 13 to 33 μm long and 2.7 to 4.1 μm wide at the base. Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence by BLAST search had 99% similarity with an Epichloë typhina isolate of orchardgrass in Spain (GenBank Accession No. AM262420.1). Cultural characteristics, microscopic examination, and phylogenetic analysis showed that this choke disease on D. glomerata was caused by the fungus E. typhina (Pers.) Tul. & C. Tul. as described by White (4). To our knowledge, this is the first report of E. typhina causing choke disease on orchardgrass in China. The pathogen has been identified in France, England, Germany, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United States (3,4) with the same symptoms as those reported here. In 1997, choke disease was found in 70% of the fields in the Willamette Valley of Oregon, with disease incidences ranging from 0.05 to 28%. It was predicted to increase and spread under the prevailing climatic conditions (3). This new disease report is to provide observational and diagnostic information to help with recognition and prevention of disease spread in orchardgrass cultivation regions of China. References: (1) X. R. Chao et al. Shandong Agric. Sci. 1:7, 2005. (2) S. X. Jia, ed. China Forage Plant Flora. China Agriculture Press, Beijing, 1987. (3) W. F. Pfender and S. C. Alderman. Plant Dis. 83:754, 1999. (4) J. W. White. Mycologia 85:444, 1993.

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Ho, Yuh-Shan y Sharif A. Mukul. "Publication Performance and Trends in Mangrove Forests: A Bibliometric Analysis". Sustainability 13, n.º 22 (12 de noviembre de 2021): 12532. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132212532.

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Mangroves are one the most productive ecosystems on Earth, and they are geographically located in the tropics and sub-tropics. Notwithstanding their critical role in providing a large number of environmental services and benefits as well as livelihood provisions, mangrove forests are being lost globally at an alarming rate. At the same time, they are increasingly recognized as a cost-effective nature-based climate solution for their carbon sequestration and storage capacity. Despite their enormous importance to people’s lives and the ecosystem, no bibliometric study on this topic has been published to our knowledge. Here, we provide a bibliometric analysis of the research on mangroves with research trends, most influential research based on citation count, and the origins (country and institution) of major research. Using the Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED) database of the Web of Science Core Collection (Clarivate Analytics), we identified 13,918 documents published between 1990 and 2019. Nevertheless, 12,955 articles met our final criteria and were analyzed in detail. Six publications and their citations per publication (CPP2019) were applied to evaluate the publication performance of countries and institutes. When considering the top ten Web of Science subject categories, articles published on the ecology of mangroves had the highest CPP2019 of 28. Environmental sciences have been the major category since 2013. The USA dominated the total articles and single-author articles. The USA was also the most frequent partner of international collaborative publications. China published the most single-country articles, first-author articles, and corresponding-author articles. However, articles by the USA and Australia had a higher CPP2019. Sun Yat Sen University in China was the most active university. The Australian Institute of Marine Science dominated all kinds of publications with the top CPP2019. Together with the USA, Australia, China, India, Brazil, and Japan ranked both the top six on total publications and total publications in 2019. Our bibliometric study provides useful visualization of the past and current landscape of research on mangroves and emerging fields, to facilitate future research collaboration and knowledge exchange.

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Min, Yong, Tingjun Jiang, Cheng Jin, Qu Li y Xiaogang Jin. "Endogenetic structure of filter bubble in social networks". Royal Society Open Science 6, n.º 11 (noviembre de 2019): 190868. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.190868.

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The filter bubble is an intermediate structure to provoke polarization and echo chambers in social networks, and it has become one of today's most urgent issues for social media. Previous studies usually equated filter bubbles with community structures and emphasized this exogenous isolation effect, but there is a lack of full discussion of the internal organization of filter bubbles. Here, we design an experiment for analysing filter bubbles taking advantage of social bots. We deployed 128 bots to Weibo (the largest microblogging network in China), and each bot consumed a specific topic (entertainment or sci-tech) and ran for at least two months. In total, we recorded about 1.3 million messages exposed to these bots and their social networks. By analysing the text received by the bots and motifs in their social networks, we found that a filter bubble is not only a dense community of users with the same preferences but also presents an endogenetic unidirectional star-like structure. The structure could spontaneously exclude non-preferred information and cause polarization. Moreover, our work proved that the felicitous use of artificial intelligence technology could provide a useful experimental approach that combines privacy protection and controllability in studying social media.

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Zheng, Fangyu, Chiwei Xiao, Zhen You y Zhiming Feng. "Evaluating the Resources and Environmental Carrying Capacity in Laos Using a Three-Dimensional Tetrahedron Model". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, n.º 21 (24 de octubre de 2022): 13816. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192113816.

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(1) Background: The quantitative evaluation and comprehensive measurement of resources and environmental carrying capacity (RECC) are key links in the study of RECC from classification to synthesis. Laos, as the only landlocked country of Mainland Southeast Asia (MSEA), is an important economic corridor (i.e., China-MSEA Economic Corridor) of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). (2) Methods: Based on the human settlements index (HSI), resource carrying index (RCI), and socio-economic development index (SDI), here, a three-dimensional tetrahedron model for the comprehensive assessment of RECC with equilibrium significance was constructed, including HSI-based suitability classification, RCI-based restrictive classification, and SDI-based adaptability classification. Taking provinces as the basic unit, we quantitatively assessed and comprehensively evaluated RECC in Laos using a three-dimensional tetrahedron model. (3) Results: The human settlement environment in Laos is mainly characterized by the moderate suitable category (85%), while the high suitability area (merely 5%) supports more than 30% of the total population. Laos had over 90% of its area in good condition in resources and environmental carrying status (surplus or balanced state), translating into more than 95% of the population. The social and economic development level is mainly characterized by low-level development (43%), with nearly 30% of the population living in these low-level areas. The comprehensive bearing state of resources and environment is characterized by surplus, and 85% of the population is distributed in the surplus area, which occupies 63% of the land. (4) Conclusions: It is possible to better explore the adaptation strategies and countermeasures for enhancing RECC in Laos and provide a scientific reference for regional sustainable development. We believe that the three-dimensional tetrahedron method can be applied to quantitatively evaluate and comprehensively measure RECC at larger scale, e.g., the BRI regions.

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Xu, Wenjie y Aaron P. Mitchell. "Yeast PalA/AIP1/Alix Homolog Rim20p Associates with a PEST-Like Region and Is Required for Its Proteolytic Cleavage". Journal of Bacteriology 183, n.º 23 (1 de diciembre de 2001): 6917–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.183.23.6917-6923.2001.

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ABSTRACT The Saccharomyces cerevisiae zinc finger protein Rim101p is activated by cleavage of its C-terminal region, which resembles PEST regions that confer susceptibility to proteolysis. Here we report that Rim20p, a member of the broadly conserved PalA/AIP1/Alix family, is required for Rim101p cleavage. Two-hybrid and coimmunoprecipitation assays indicate that Rim20p binds to Rim101p, and a two-hybrid assay shows that the Rim101p PEST-like region is sufficient for Rim20p binding. Rim101p-Rim20p interaction is conserved in Candida albicans, supporting the idea that interaction is functionally significant. Analysis of Rim20p mutant proteins indicates that some of its broadly conserved regions are required for processing of Rim101p and for stability of Rim20p itself but are not required for interaction with Rim101p. A recent genome-wide two-hybrid study (T. Ito, T. Chiba, R. Ozawa, M. Yoshida, M. Hattori, and Y. Sakaki, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98:4569–4574, 2000) indicates that Rim20p interacts with Snf7p and that Snf7p interacts with Rim13p, a cysteine protease required for Rim101p proteolysis. We suggest that Rim20p may serve as part of a scaffold that places Rim101p and Rim13p in close proximity.

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30

Wang, Jiayu, Tao Sun, Qingyuan Zhang, Yanxia Shi, Xu Wang, Yiding Chen, Quchang Ouyang et al. "Abstract PS15-02: A Phase Ⅰb Study of D-0502 as Monotherapy for Advanced or Metastatic ER-Positive and HER2-Negative Breast Cancer: Results from the Dose-Expansion Stage". Cancer Research 84, n.º 9_Supplement (2 de mayo de 2024): PS15–02—PS15–02. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs23-ps15-02.

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Abstract Background: Endocrine therapy is the mainstay treatment for estrogen receptor (ER)-positive advanced breast cancer (BC). D-0502, an orally bioavailable selective estrogen receptor degrader (SERD), has previously demonstrated antitumor activity in various ER-positive (ER+) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative (HER2-) breast cancer cell lines and xenograft models. The phase Ⅰ open-label study (NCT03471663) evaluated the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK) and efficacy of D-0502 as monotherapy and in combination with palbociclib in female patients with ER+ and HER2- breast cancer. The dose escalation part of D-0502 monotherapy (phase Ⅰa) has been presented before (SABCS 2021, PS11-26 Abstract #1348). Here, we present the results of D-0502 monotherapy from the dose-expansion stage in phase Ⅰb study. Methods: In the single-agent dose-expansion stage of phase Ⅰb study, patients (n=60) received D-0502 (400 mg QD) in 28-day cycles. Eligible patients included females with confirmed ER+, HER2- locally advanced, or metastatic BC; ECOG 0-1; measurable disease (RECIST v1.1); premenopausal or postmenopausal status; adequate hematologic, hepatic and renal functions. The primary objectives are to characterize the safety of D-0502. The secondary objectives are to evaluate the preliminary anti-tumor activity and the PK characteristic. Results: As of April 07, 2023, 60 female patients were enrolled and treated with 400mg single-agent D-0502. Median age was 57 (range: 32-82) years, 55.0% had an ECOG PS of 1. Disease progression resulting in treatment discontinuation occurred in 66.7% (40/60) of patients, and 6.7% (4/60) of patients discontinued treatment because of AEs. Treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) were reported in 57 pts (95.0%), most of which were grade 1-2. No grade 4/5 TRAE has been reported. The incidence of serious adverse events was 6.7% (4/60). The most common (≥ 15%) TRAEs included vomiting, dizziness, nausea, increased aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, anaemia, decreased appetite, diarrhoea, and malaise. In the 51 efficacy evaluable patients, 8 patients had partial response (PR) and 27 had stable disease (SD); objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) were 15.7% (8/51) and 68.6% (35/51), respectively. The clinical benefit rate (CBR: CR + PR + SD ≥24 weeks) was 47.1% (24/51). The median PFS was 5.6 months (95% Cl: 2.0, 10.0). Conclusion: D-0502 monotherapy showed promising antitumor activity and tolerable toxicity in female patients with ER+ and HER2- locally advanced or metastatic BC. Currently this treatment is being evaluated in a phase Ⅲ study for patients with ER+ and HER2- locally advanced or metastatic BC in China. Citation Format: Jiayu Wang, Tao Sun, Qingyuan Zhang, Yanxia Shi, Xu Wang, Yiding Chen, Quchang Ouyang, Kunyan Li, Manojkumar Bupathi, w. Jeffery Edenfield, Andrea L.M. Silber, Hong Zong, Erika Hamilton, Dejan Juric, Kate Lathrop, Yihong Zhang, Kathryn Stazzone, Zhe Shi, Yaolin Wang, Ling Zhang, Binghe Xu. A Phase Ⅰb Study of D-0502 as Monotherapy for Advanced or Metastatic ER-Positive and HER2-Negative Breast Cancer: Results from the Dose-Expansion Stage [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2023 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2023 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(9 Suppl):Abstract nr PS15-02.

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Gao, Yunyun, Donald W. Duszynski, Fulin Yuan, Defu Hu y Dong Zhang. "Coccidian parasites in the endangered Forest Musk Deer (Moschus berezovskii) in China, with the description of six new species of Eimeria (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae)". Parasite 28 (2021): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2021067.

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We examined 674 fresh fecal samples from forest musk deer (Moschus berezovskii Flerov) in Sichuan and Shaanxi Provinces, China, for coccidian oocysts and 65% were infected with Eimeria spp. Previously, only four Eimeria species were known from Moschus spp. Here we describe six new Eimeria species. Eimeria aquae n. sp., in 38% deer, has ovoidal oocysts, 32.0 × 23.0 μm, micropyle (M) and scattered polar granules (PGs) of various sizes are present, sometimes oocyst residuum (OR) is present; ovoidal sporocysts, 14.1 × 7.5 μm, with Stieda body (SB) and sporocyst residuum (SR). Eimeria dolichocystis n. sp., in 11% deer; cylindroidal oocysts, 36.6 × 18.9, with a M, 1 PG and OR; ovoidal sporocysts, 13.9 × 7.7, with SB and SR. Eimeria fengxianensis n. sp., in 7% deer; ovoidal oocysts, 36.3 × 25.2, a M and PGs present but OR absent; ovoidal sporocysts, 13.9 × 7.3, with SB and SR. Eimeria helini n. sp. in 24% deer; subspheroidal oocysts, 27.0 × 24.1, OR and PGs often present, but M absent; ovoidal sporocysts, 13.5 × 7.7, with SB and SR. Eimeria kaii n. sp. in 26% deer; ovoidal oocysts, 33.2 × 20.7, M and PGs present, but OR absent; ovoidal sporocysts, 14.4 × 7.5, with SB and SR. Eimeria oocylindrica n. sp., in 17% deer; cylindroidal oocysts, 36.0 × 21.4, M and 1-2 PGs present but OR absent; ovoidal sporocysts, 13.8 × 7.7, with SB and SR. Eimeria dujiangyanensis n. nom. is proposed to replace E. moschus Sha, Zhang, Cai, Wang & Liu, 1994, a junior homonym of E. moschus Matschoulsky, 1947.

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Talantsev, Evgeny F. "D-Wave Superconducting Gap Symmetry as a Model for Nb1−xMoxB2 (x = 0.25; 1.0) and WB2 Diborides". Symmetry 15, n.º 4 (27 de marzo de 2023): 812. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym15040812.

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Recently, Pei et al. (National Science Review2023, nwad034, 10.1093/nsr/nwad034) reported that ambient pressure β-MoB2 (space group: R3¯m) exhibits a phase transition to α-MoB2 (space group: P6/mmm) at pressure P~70 GPa, which is a high-temperature superconductor exhibiting Tc=32 K at P~110 GPa. Although α-MoB2 has the same crystalline structure as ambient-pressure MgB2 and the superconducting critical temperatures of α-MoB2 and MgB2 are very close, the first-principles calculations show that in α-MoB2, the states near the Fermi level, εF, are dominated by the d-electrons of Mo atoms, while in MgB2, the p-orbitals of boron atomic sheets dominantly contribute to the states near the εF. Recently, Hire et al. (Phys. Rev. B2022, 106, 174515) reported that the P6/mmm-phase can be stabilized at ambient pressure in Nb1−xMoxB2 solid solutions, and that these ternary alloys exhibit Tc~8 K. Additionally, Pei et al. (Sci. China-Phys. Mech. Astron. 2022, 65, 287412) showed that compressed WB2 exhibited Tc~15 K at P~121 GPa. Here, we aimed to reveal primary differences/similarities in superconducting state in MgB2 and in its recently discovered diboride counterparts, Nb1−xMoxB2 and highly-compressed WB2. By analyzing experimental data reported for P6/mmm-phases of Nb1−xMoxB2 (x = 0.25; 1.0) and highly compressed WB2, we showed that these three phases exhibit d-wave superconductivity. We deduced 2Δm(0)kBTc=4.1±0.2 for α-MoB2, 2Δm(0)kBTc=5.3±0.1 for Nb0.75Mo0.25B2, and 2Δm(0)kBTc=4.9±0.2 for WB2. We also found that Nb0.75Mo0.25B2 exhibited high strength of nonadiabaticity, which was quantified by the ratio of TθTF=3.5, whereas MgB2, α-MoB2, and WB2 exhibited TθTF~0.3, which is similar to the TθTF in pnictides, A15 alloys, Heusler alloys, Laves phase compounds, cuprates, and highly compressed hydrides.

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HENNEMANN, FRANK H., OSKAR V. CONLE y WEIWEI ZHANG. "Catalogue of the Stick and Leaf-insects (Phasmatodea) of China, with a faunistic analysis, review of recent ecological and biological studies and bibliography (Insecta: Orthoptera: Phasmatodea)". Zootaxa 1735, n.º 1 (31 de marzo de 2008): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1735.1.1.

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A complete taxonomic catalogue of the Stick and Leaf-insects (Phasmatodea) recorded or described from the mainland China (excluding Taiwan) is presented. 241 valid species are listed, which are currently attributed to 50 genera, 5 families and 7 subfamilies. Genera and species are listed alphabetically. All available type-data is provided based mainly on literary sources for species described by Chinese workers from 1986 to 2006, including documented depository of typespecimens. The catalogue therefore also provides complete lists of the type-material of Phasmatodea housed in the following Chinese institutions: Administration of Baishuijiang Natural Reserve (ABNR), Beijing Forestry University, Beijing (BFU), China Agricultural University, Beijing (CAU), Geological Museum of China, Beijing (GMC), Inca Science Ltd., Chongqing (INCA), Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing (IZCAS), Department of Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin (NKU), Northwest Sci-Tech University of Agriculture and Forestry, Shaanxi (NWAU), Institute of Zoology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an (SNU), Institute of Entomology, Sun Yat-sen University (ICRI), Shanghai Institute of Entomology, Academia Sinica, Shanghai (SIES), Tianjin Natural History Museum, Tianjin (TMNH), Zhejiang Museum of Natural History, Hangzhou (ZMNH). The known distribution of each species, inmeans of provinces is provided as well. 14 species are shown to have been recorded from China in error, several of these based on misidentifications. The “Phasmatodea-like” fossil taxa described from the Late Jurassic Yixian Formation of North Hebei and West Liaoning are listed in a separate section. Two new generic synonyms are recognized: Arthminotus Bi, 1995 synonymised with Lopaphus Westwood, 1859 (n. syn.) and Dianphasma Chen & He, 1997 synonymised with Parasosibia Redtenbacher, 1908 (n. syn.). The genus Linocerus Gray, 1835 (Type-species: Linocerus gracilis Gray, 1835) was erroneously synonymised with the mediterranean Bacillus St. Fargeau & Audinet-Serville, 1825 and is here re-established in Phasmatidae: Pachymorphinae: Gratidiini (rev. stat.). Relationship to Clonaria Stål, 1875 (= Gratidia Stål, 1875, = Paraclonaria Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1893), Sceptrophasma Brock & Seow-Choen, 2000 and Macellina Uvarov, 1940 is obvious. 21 species are transferred to other genera (new combinations): Asceles dilatatus Chen & He, 2004 and Asceles quadriguttatus Chen & He, 1996 to Pachyscia Redtenbacher, 1908, Arthminotus sinensis Bi, 1995 to Lopaphus Westwood, 1859, Baculum dolichocercatum Bi & Wang, 1998 and Baculum politum Chen & He, 1997 to Medauroidea Zompro, 1999, Dixippus hainanensis Chen & He, 2002, Dixippus huapingensis Bi & Li, 1991, Dixippus nigroantennatus Chen & He, 2002, Dixippus parvus Chen & He, 2002 and Entoria bobaiensis Chen, 1986 to Lonchodes Gray, 1835, Sipyloidea obvius Chen & He, 1995 to Sinophasma Günther, 1940, Paramyronides biconiferus Bi, 1993, Paramyronides leishanensis Bi, 1992, Lonchodes chinensis Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907, Lonchodes confucius Westwood, 1859 and Phasgania glabra Günther, 1940 to Phraortes Stål, 1875, Gratidia bituberculata Redtenbacher, 1889 and Leptynia xinganensis Chen & He, 1993 to Sceptrophasma Brock & Seow-Choen, 2002, Prosentoria bannaensis Chen & He, 1997 to Paraentoria Chen & He, 1997, and Mantis squeleton Olivier, 1792 to Phanocloidea Zompro, 2002. Acrophylla sichuanensis Chen & He, 2001 remains of unknown generic assignment, but is shown to be not a member of the Australian genus Acrophylla Gray, 1835. Furthermore, as Baculum Saussure, 1861 is a neotropical genus and most Old World species previously attributed to this genus are now listed in Ramulus Saussure, 1861, all Chinese species described in Baculum Saussure are consequently transferred to Ramulus Saussure. Other changes of specific placements are based on published literature and concern to the following three synonymies not recognized by Chinese workers: Abrosoma Redtenbacher, 1906 (= Prosceles Uvarov, 1940), Necroscia Audinet-Serville, 1838 (= Aruanoidea Redtenbacher, 1908), Lopaphus Westwood, 1859 (= Paramyronides Redtenbacher, 1908). Megalophasma Bi, 1995 is transferred from Necrosciinae to Lonchodinae. Four lectotypes are designated and three new specific synonyms revealed. A lectotype is designated for Rhamphophasma modestus Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1893, the type-species of Rhamphophasma Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1893, in order to fix this genus and species. The male paralectotype is shown to be a male of Parapachymorpha nigra Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1893, the type-species of Parapachymorpha Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1893. Clitumnus porrectus Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907 is synonymised with Bacillus ? artemis Westwood, 1859 and a lectotype designated for the former (n. syn.). A lectotype is designated for Oxyartes lamellatus Kirby, 1904 in order to fix this taxon and confirm the synonymy established by Dohrn, 1910 (= Oxyartes honestus Redtenbacher, 1908, = Oxyartes spinosissimus Carl, 1913). Paracentema stephanus Redtenbacher, 1908 is shown to have been erroneously synonymised with Neohirasea japonica (de Haan, 1842) and here synonymised with Neohirasea maerens (Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907) (n. syn.). In order to fix this new synonymy a lectotype is designated for Paracentema stephanus Redtenbacher, 1908. Finally, a biogeographic analysis of the Chinese phasmid fauna is presented. This includes brief background information on the topography and biogeography of China along with maps showing the seven zoogeographical subregions currently recognized as well as the 4 municipalities, 23 provinces, 5 autonomous regions and 2 special administrative regions of China. A summary of the taxonomic compilation of the fauna is provided and its relationships with neighbouring regions, of both the Palaearctic and Oriental realms, are discussed. A study is presented on the distribution of the taxa and species densities of each province / autonomous region. Recent ecological studies are summarized and list of the host plants of 42 different species attached. The pest status of certain species which have become of serious importance for agriculture in China is briefly summarized based on literary sources.

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Medina Lopez, Daniel, Thomas Liu, Christine Elias, Loïc Rondin, Js Lauret y Stephane Campidelli. "(Invited) Synthesis and Optical Properties of Rod-Shaped Graphene Nanoparticles". ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, n.º 11 (7 de julio de 2022): 829. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-0111829mtgabs.

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The scientific community has given much interest to graphene in recent years because of its good mechanical, thermal and electrical properties. Nonetheless, applications in optics and optoelectronics can be limited due to the absence of a bandgap. In order to engineer a bandgap, we can reduce the size of graphene into graphene quantum dots (GQDs). GQDs synthesis is primarily described via top-down methods (lithography, hydrothermal and electrochemical approaches).[1] Though effective, these methods do not allow accurate control of the size, shape and edges of the GQDs. On the other hand, bottom-up graphene materials have developed exponentially for the last decade with the synthesis of highly controlled graphene nanoribbon structures and moderately soluble graphene quantum dots.[2,3] Our group demonstrated that bottom-up GQDs could act as single-photon emitters exhibiting high brightness and stability.[4] In order to investigate the structure-property relationship, we designed a series of rod-shaped graphene nanoparticles that differ only by their length, keeping the same morphology, symmetry and edge states (see figure). These nanoparticles are fully soluble, which facilitate their purification and individualization in solution and give rise to well-defined absorption spectra. Here we report on the synthesis of these GQDs, and we will present results on advanced characterization of their optical properties.[5] [1] Yang, J.-S., Martinez, D. A. & Chiang, W.-H. Synthesis, Characterization and Applications of Graphene Quantum Dots in Recent Trends in Nanomaterials: Synthesis and Properties, Khan, Z. H., Springer Singapore, (2017). [2] Narita, A., Wang, X.-Y., Feng, X. & Müllen, K. New advances in nanographene chemistry. Chem. Soc. Rev. 44, 6616–6643 (2015). [3] Wang, X.-Y., Yao, X. & Müllen, K. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the graphene era. Sci. China Chem. 62, 1099–1144 (2019) [4] Zhao, S. et al. Single photon emission from graphene quantum dots at room temperature. Nat. Commun. 9, 3470 (2018). [5] D. Medina-Lopez et al., submitted Figure 1

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Schalck, Aislyn, Donastas Sakellariou-Thompson, Marie-Andrée Forget, Emi Sei, Tara Hughes, Shanshan Bai, Min Hu et al. "Abstract 2847: Simultaneous TCR and transcriptomic sequencing of single Tcells defines biological subtypes in pancreatic cancer for adoptive Tcell therapy". Cancer Research 82, n.º 12_Supplement (15 de junio de 2022): 2847. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-2847.

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Abstract Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly fatal tumor-type with very few effective treatment strategies. Attempts to improve outcomes using immune checkpoint blockade therapy have also failed, likely because the overall Tcell infiltration in this tumor-type is low. Despite this, the presence of CD3+CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) in PDAC is associated with improved survival outcomes, suggesting that other immune-based strategies could be more successful. Here, we examine ex vivo tumor-infiltrating Tcell expansion for adoptive Tcell therapy (ACT) as a potential strategy for treating PDAC. The focus of this study is to understand the transcriptional states of Tcells in the pancreas and PDACs and how they change with ex vivo expansion and re-infusion into patients as treatment strategy. We have performed both single cell transcriptome and TCR sequencing (scRNA-TCRseq) on 54,579 Tcells from 8 human PDAC samples and the ex vivo grown TIL from a subset of 6 patients and found 13 purported substates. Through TCR tracking of the Tcell clonotypes, we find that the expansion protocol is able to expand Tcells found in many different Tcell states in the primary tumor. Furthermore, we compared our thirteen tumor-infiltrating substates with 41,935 Tcells from two other independent single cell studies across 71 samples, and confirmed our substates to be present across all datasets. Citation Format: Aislyn Schalck, Donastas Sakellariou-Thompson, Marie-Andrée Forget, Emi Sei, Tara Hughes, Shanshan Bai, Min Hu, Tapsi Kumar, Mark Hurd, Matthew Katz, Chine-Wei Tzeng, Shubham Pant, Milind Javle, Anirban Maitra, Cara Haymaker, Michael Kim, Nicholas Navin, Chantale Bernatchez. Simultaneous TCR and transcriptomic sequencing of single Tcells defines biological subtypes in pancreatic cancer for adoptive Tcell therapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 2847.

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Dez, Christophe, Jacqueline Noaillac-Depeyre, Michèle Caizergues-Ferrer y Yves Henry. "Naf1p, an Essential Nucleoplasmic Factor Specifically Required for Accumulation of Box H/ACA Small Nucleolar RNPs". Molecular and Cellular Biology 22, n.º 20 (15 de octubre de 2002): 7053–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.22.20.7053-7065.2002.

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ABSTRACT Box H/ACA small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein particles (H/ACA snoRNPs) play key roles in the synthesis of eukaryotic ribosomes. The ways in which these particles are assembled and correctly localized in the dense fibrillar component of the nucleolus remain largely unknown. Recently, the essential Saccharomyces cerevisiae Naf1p protein (encoded by the YNL124W open reading frame) was found to interact in a two-hybrid assay with two core protein components of mature H/ACA snoRNPs, Cbf5p and Nhp2p (T. Ito, T. Chiba, R. Ozawa, M. Yoshida, M. Hattori, and Y. Sakaki, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98:4569-4574, 2001). Here we show that several H/ACA snoRNP components are weakly but specifically immunoprecipitated with epitope-tagged Naf1p, suggesting that the latter protein is involved in H/ACA snoRNP biogenesis, trafficking, and/or function. Consistent with this, we find that depletion of Naf1p leads to a defect in 18S rRNA accumulation. Naf1p is unlikely to directly assist H/ACA snoRNPs during pre-rRNA processing in the dense fibrillar component of the nucleolus for two reasons. Firstly, Naf1p accumulates predominantly in the nucleoplasm. Secondly, Naf1p sediments in a sucrose gradient chiefly as a free protein or associated in a complex of the size of free snoRNPs, whereas extremely little Naf1p is found in fractions containing preribosomes. These results are more consistent with a role for Naf1p in H/ACA snoRNP biogenesis and/or intranuclear trafficking. Indeed, depletion of Naf1p leads to a specific and dramatic decrease in the steady-state accumulation of all box H/ACA snoRNAs tested and of Cbf5p, Gar1p, and Nop10p. Naf1p is unlikely to be directly required for the synthesis of H/ACA snoRNP components. Naf1p could participate in H/ACA snoRNP assembly and/or transport.

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Čuk, Ivan. "Editorials". Science of Gymnastics Journal 14, n.º 2 (29 de junio de 2022): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.52165/sgj.14.2.143.

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Dear friends, We hoped COVID-19 would leave us without any serious consequences; however, ScholarOne, the manager of the editorial program we used for many years, has increased their prices so much that we can no longer afford them. In an effort to find a more cost-effective solution, we moved to a new open-source editorial software that is managed by the Ljubljana University. This move required a huge amount of work and means a NEW ADDRESS as well as some delays on the way. We apologise for any inconvenience and hope to get everything running smoothly again by the end of the year. Our journal can now be found at this new address: https://journals.uni-lj.si/sgj The first article - a case study from Brazil - is about an Olympic champion on rings and his preparation strategy to achieve his goals. Very interesting reading! Even though it provides no scientific evidence to explain why he won at the OG, we decided to publish the article. In our view, such outstanding results are closely related to athlete's personal characteristics and abilities which are difficult to quantify. What we also want to emphasise with this article is planning. Many coaches work without proper planning, whereas here we have an example of good planing. Once we have more knowledge about how gymnasts won their titles, meta analyses will probably help us determine the data that define success. Let us just say this is the first step on this path. Other contributing authors in this issue come from Germany, Serbia, Poland, Slovakia, China, USA, South Korea, Spain and Greece. Again, many different aspects of gymnastics are presented. There are also new challenges for researchers. In the middle of October, Flavio Bessi organised International Freiburg Gymnastics Congress online. You can find it at https://www.sport.uni-freiburg.de/en/events/international-gymnastics-congress. Anton Gajdoš drafted the 24rd short historical note introducing Aljaž Pegan from Slovenia. Just to remind you, if you cite the journal, its abbreviation in the Web of Knowledge is SCI GYMN J. I wish you enjoyable reading and many new ideas for research projects and articles. Editor-in-Chief

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Chen, Lu, Guozhen Lu y Maochun Zhu. "Sharp Trudinger–Moser Inequality and Ground State Solutions to Quasi-Linear Schrödinger Equations with Degenerate Potentials in ℝⁿ". Advanced Nonlinear Studies 21, n.º 4 (15 de octubre de 2021): 733–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ans-2021-2146.

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Abstract The main purpose of this paper is to establish the existence of ground-state solutions to a class of Schrödinger equations with critical exponential growth involving the nonnegative, possibly degenerate, potential V: - div ⁡ ( | ∇ ⁡ u | n - 2 ⁢ ∇ ⁡ u ) + V ⁢ ( x ) ⁢ | u | n - 2 ⁢ u = f ⁢ ( u ) . -\operatorname{div}(\lvert\nabla u\rvert^{n-2}\nabla u)+V(x)\lvert u\rvert^{n-% 2}u=f(u). To this end, we first need to prove a sharp Trudinger–Moser inequality in ℝ n {\mathbb{R}^{n}} under the constraint ∫ ℝ n ( | ∇ ⁡ u | n + V ⁢ ( x ) ⁢ | u | n ) ⁢ 𝑑 x ≤ 1 . \int_{\mathbb{R}^{n}}(\lvert\nabla u\rvert^{n}+V(x)\lvert u\rvert^{n})\,dx\leq 1. This is proved without using the technique of blow-up analysis or symmetrization argument. As far as what has been studied in the literature, having a positive lower bound has become a standard assumption on the potential V ⁢ ( x ) {V(x)} in dealing with the existence of solutions to the above Schrödinger equation. Since V ⁢ ( x ) {V(x)} is allowed to vanish on an open set in ℝ n {\mathbb{R}^{n}} , the loss of a positive lower bound of the potential V ⁢ ( x ) {V(x)} makes this problem become fairly nontrivial. Our method to prove the Trudinger–Moser inequality in ℝ 2 {\mathbb{R}^{2}} (see [L. Chen, G. Lu and M. Zhu, A critical Trudinger–Moser inequality involving a degenerate potential and nonlinear Schrödinger equations, Sci. China Math. 64 2021, 7, 1391–1410]) does not apply to this higher-dimensional case ℝ n {\mathbb{R}^{n}} for n ≥ 3 {n\geq 3} here. To obtain the existence of a ground state solution, we use a non-symmetric argument to exclude the possibilities of vanishing and dichotomy cases of the minimizing sequence in the Nehari manifold. This argument is much simpler than the one used in dimension two where we consider the nonlinear Schrödinger equation - Δ ⁢ u + V ⁢ u = f ⁢ ( u ) {-\Delta u+Vu=f(u)} with a degenerate potential V in ℝ 2 {\mathbb{R}^{2}} .

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Rahman, MM, MR Rahman y M. Asaduzzaman. "Establishment of Dams and Embankments of Frontier River of North East Part of India: Impact on North-Western Region of Bangladesh". Journal of Science Foundation 8, n.º 1-2 (16 de abril de 2013): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsf.v8i1-2.14614.

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India has built barrages on 17 more rivers in the east and northeast border with Bangladesh. Most of these dams and embankments act as the main barrier to flow water towards downstream like Bangladesh. As a result the rivers of Bangladesh that comes from India are falling in crisis of proper water. A study showed about 30 rivers of north-western part of Bangladesh gets very few water only due to dams and embankment made by India at the upstream of those rivers. Such massive water control projects of India are clearly a threat for a state that lies down of those. Unfortunately, and often ironically, national leaders of our country prefer to negotiate this sensitive matter rather than to make a strong protect of this inhuman and unethical activities. What is more astonishing news is that some time our state policy makers like to keep silent and avoid about it. India is always ready to controlling nature to serve economic development rather than addressing issues of trans-boundary and socio-environmental responsibilities. In fact, Indian plan to divert the water of Frontier Rivers is increasing at an alarming rate for Bangladesh. Here one thing is mentionable that is this types of project even harmful for India also. And peoples of north western state of India are in against of such harmful and high ambitious unnecessary project. Some time they also make a protest against it. Recently China and India are going to establish a large dam at the up Stream of Brahmaputra River. It would impair Indias own plan to link approximately thirty of its own rivers, a project that is bound to affect the downstream riparian state of Bangladesh. As a result drastic fall in the water flow of Teesta during the lean season, especially in February and March will occur in more frequent and will seriously hampers irrigation in Bangladesh. Such international trans-boundary river development projects raise many important issues. They never consider the impact that will impose upon the down stream part like Bangladesh. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsf.v8i1-2.14614 J. Sci. Foundation, 8(1&2): 1-12, June-December 2010

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40

Li, X. D., Y. Q. Li y H. G. Wang. "Epidemic of Potato virus Y and Cucumber mosaic virus in Henan Province Tobacco". Plant Disease 85, n.º 4 (abril de 2001): 447. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2001.85.4.447c.

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Flue-cured tobacco is an important crop in Henan Province, China. During the 2000 growing season, many tobacco plants showed various degrees of mottling, mosaic, vein clearing, or vein necrosis in most of the counties. Some plants even died at an early stage of growth. A survey was conducted in May-June in several tobacco-growing counties, and the incidence of symptomatic plants in individual fields ranged from 10 to 85%. The most widely planted tobacco varieties, NC89, K326, and K346, were highly susceptible. Symptomatic plants were collected from Jiaxian and Xiangcheng counties and samples were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Potato virus Y (PVY), and Potato virus X (PVX). Of 65 samples tested, 21 were positive for only PVY, 16 positive for only CMV, one each was positive for only TMV or PVX. Nineteen samples were doubly infected with various combinations of these viruses and six were infected with combinations of three viruses. The causal agent(s) in the remaining sample could not be determined. In total, CMV was detected in 40 samples, PVY in 38, PVX in 10, and TMV in 7 samples. TMV and CMV used to be the most important viruses and PVY occurred only rarely. But PVY has become prevalent in Henan and in neighboring Shandong province (2). CMV and TMV were reported to be the most prevalent viruses in Shanxi (1) and Fujian Provinces (3). Because resistant varieties are not available, and mixed infections are more common, the results presented here explain why huge damage is occurring in tobacco crops in recent years. Some varieties are partially resistant to TMV and CMV but the varieties commonly grown are highly susceptible to PVY. Therefore, breeding for resistance to viruses, especially to PVY, is urgent to control the occurrence of tobacco viral diseases. References: (1) J. L. Cheng et al. Acta Tabacaria Sin. 4:43, 1998. (2) J. B. Wang et al. Chinese Tobacco Sci. 1:26, 1998. (3) L. H. Xie et al. Acta Tabacaria Sin. 2:25, 1994.

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Huang, Huiqiang, Rong Tao, Yu Yang, Hong Cen, Hui Zhou, Ye Guo, Liqun Zou et al. "GEMSTONE-201: Preplanned primary analysis of a multicenter, single-arm, phase 2 study of sugemalimab (suge) in patients (pts) with relapsed or refractory extranodal natural killer/T cell lymphoma (R/R ENKTL)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 40, n.º 16_suppl (1 de junio de 2022): 7501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2022.40.16_suppl.7501.

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7501 Background: R/R ENKTL is a rare and aggressive type of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Responses to chemotherapy after failure of prior asparaginase-based regimen were not durable with a median OS of < 7 months (mos) and 1-year OS rate of < 20% (Lim et al, Ann Oncol 2017; Bellei et al, Haematologica 2018). The only targeted therapy approved in China for R/R peripheral T cell lymphoma (ENKTL included) showed an ORR of 18.8% and a CR rate of 6.3% (Shi et al, Ann Oncol 2015). Here, we present the primary analysis from GEMSTONE-201, the largest registrational study reported to date to evaluate an anti-PD-L1 mAb in R/R ENKTL. Suge received breakthrough therapy designation from US FDA in 2021 for adult R/R ENKTL pts based on preliminary data of this study. Methods: Pts with ECOG PS of 0/1 and histologically confirmed ENKTL who failed prior asparaginase-based regimen were enrolled. Pts accepted suge at 1200 mg Q3W, iv, for up to 24 mos, until progression, death, or withdrawal from study. The primary endpoint was ORR (CR+PR) assessed by independent radiological review committee (IRRC) per Lugano 2014 criteria. Key secondary endpoints included investigator-assessed ORR, CR and PR rate, DoR assessed by IRRC and investigators, and safety. Results: As of the data cutoff date, Nov 10, 2021, 80 pts were enrolled and treated (median follow-up of 13.4 mos). Median age was 48 years (range 29-74); 64% were males; 74% had ECOG PS of 1 at baseline; 68% had stage IV disease; about half (49%) received ≥ 2 lines of prior systemic therapy. The median duration of treatment was 5.2 mos (range 0.7-37.4); 23 pts remained on treatment. Among the 78 evaluable pts as per IRRC, ORR was 46.2% (95% CI: 34.8%, 57.8%); 29 (37.2%) pts achieved CR; median DoR was not reached (NR); 12-mo DoR rate was 86%. Investigator’s assessments in 79 evaluable pts were consistent with IRRC results, i.e. ORR of 45.6% (95% CI: 34.3%, 57.2%), 24 (30.4%) pts with CR, and median DoR of NR. The 1- and 2-year OS rates were 68.6% and 54.6%, respectively; median OS was NR (range 0.9-37.2+ mos). Of all pts, 96% (n = 77) had at least one AE. The most common AEs were pyrexia and WBC decreased (n = 24 each, 30%). Grade ≥ 3 AEs occurred in 31 (39%) pts. Suge-related AEs occurred in 61 (76%) pts and were mostly (60%) Grade 1/2. The most common irAE assessed by sponsor was hypothyroidism (n = 13, 16%). SAEs occurred in 18 (23%) pts; 5 (6%) pts had suge-related SAEs which had all been resolved (1 with sequelae). Fatal AEs occurred in 5 (6%) pts and none were suge-related as assessed by investigators. Conclusions: Suge has demonstrated deep and durable anti-tumor activity in R/R ENKTL pts, with a high CR rate and a promising OS benefit trend comparing to historical data. Suge had a well-tolerated safety profile and no new safety signals were detected. Primary analysis indicates that suge could provide a new treatment option to R/R ENKTL pts. Clinical trial information: NCT03595657.

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Frey, David G. "Separation of Pleuroxus laevis Sars, 1861 from two resembling species in North America: Pleuroxus straminius Birge, 1879 and Pleuroxus chiangi n.sp. (Cladocera, Chydoridae)". Canadian Journal of Zoology 66, n.º 11 (1 de noviembre de 1988): 2534–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z88-376.

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E. A. Birge, in his Ph.D. dissertation (1878. Harvard University, Cambridge, MA) and in his first published paper (E. A. Birge. 1879. Trans. Wis. Acad. Sci. Arts. Lett. 4: 77–109), described a species of Pleuroxus from North America and named it P. straminius, then later (E. A. Birge. 1893. Trans. Wis. Acad. Sci. Arts. Lett. 9: 275–317) decided the organism was the same as P. laevis of Scandinavia and hence gave it that name, or rather the invalid, newer name P. hastatus. Detailed study of these two taxa has shown that they are completely different from each other in size, shape, surface ornamentation, nature and color of the carapace, structure of the posterior-ventral corner of the shell, shape and denticulation of the postabdomen, and especially armament of the male postabdomen, that of P. straminius having essentially the same denticulation as the female, whereas in P. laevis all of the marginal denticles are replaced by oblique short rows of spines. Perhaps more significant is the occurrence of a second species in North America, Pleuroxus chiangi n.sp., which is much more closely related to P. laevis than is P. straminius. It differs somewhat vaguely in the relative size of various parts, but it also differs in a number of specific characters, all of which demonstrate that it is a valid separate species. Thus, the posterior-ventral angle of the shell is rounded, with the shell tooth some distance anterior and with several setae immediately posterior being long and projecting well beyond the margin; the postanal portion of the postabdomen is shorter and has about two fewer denticles; and, most important, the male postabdomen retains the two large distalmost denticles and has the oblique rows of setae substituting for the others. Pleuroxus straminius is widely distributed in glaciated North America from Newfoundland to northern Wisconsin and Minnesota, then south along the Atlantic Coast into northern Florida. One suspects that because of species differences already demonstrated between northern and southern populations of Eurycercus and of Pleuroxus denticulatus, P. straminius might also be so differentiated. However, no decision can be made without having males and ephippial females from the southern populations. Pleuroxus chiangi presently seems much less frequent and less abundant than P. straminius. It occurs from Nova Scotia westward to British Columbia, including northern Wisconsin and possibly northern Minnesota, and northward into the Northwest Territories. It seems similar to a number of species, such as Alonopsis americana and Chydorus canadensis, whose distributions barely reach the United States at all but which are well distributed northward in eastern Canada. We need many more data on the occurrence of various taxa in the north. Thus, here is still another example of noncosmopolitanism in the chydorids. The presence of closely related species in North America and Europe might have derived vicariously from the splitting of North America from Europe as the Atlantic Ocean developed. The other species, P. straminius, does not seem to have any counterpart in Europe, although possibly P. sinkiangensis of China is related to it. This and other taxa presently called P. laevis must be studied to work out the degrees of relationship and to develop ideas as to when and how the species evolved. Neotypes have been selected for P. laevis and for P. straminius. These and diverse samples of all three taxa have been deposited in major museums in North America and Europe.

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Liu, Qiang, Mengzi Wu, Shunying Li, Yudong Li, Liang Jin, Qianfeng Shi, Yu Zhang y Chang Gong. "Abstract P4-02-07: A large real-world study of circulating tumor DNA in early breast cancer patients". Cancer Research 83, n.º 5_Supplement (1 de marzo de 2023): P4–02–07—P4–02–07. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs22-p4-02-07.

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Abstract Background Around 30-40% of early breast cancer (EBC) patients relapse after curative surgery and systemic treatment. However, it is very difficult to identify the patients with high risks of relapse. Recently, circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is shown to be a sensitive method to evaluate the minimal residual disease (MRD) of solid tumors after surgery. Here, we explored the prognostic value of ctDNA in a large real-world study of EBC patients. Method 346 invasive EBC patients from three hospitals in China were enrolled in this study. All patients received radical surgery and were followed up for a median of 13.1 months from surgery. 17 patients developed local and/or distant relapse during the follow-up. Primary breast cancer samples (n=346) and plasma samples (n=1059) were subjected to deep targeted sequencing using a large next-generation sequencing panel that covers 1,021 cancer-related genes. Results Among the 346 patients, 153 patients had detectable ctDNA in at least one of the plasma samples and 15 of them relapsed. Only two of the 193 patients with consistent negative ctDNA relapsed, demonstrating the value of positive ctDNA in predicting RFS (p< 0.0001; HR=13.09; 95%CI: 2.98-57.45). Of 334 patients who had postoperative plasma samples tested, 108 patients with positive ctDNA in at least one of the postoperative plasma samples had 11 relapse during follow-up, which had a significantly worse RFS than the 226 patients with negative postoperative ctDNA and 4 relapse (p< 0.0005; HR=5.98; 95%CI: 1.90-18.79). In this study, 176 patients received neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) and 59 of them had twice or more ctDNA tests before surgery. Among them, 12 patients with negative ctDNA before NAT remained negative before surgery and had no relapse, 36 patients with positive ctDNA before NAT turned negative before surgery and had 4 relapse, while 11 patients kept positive ctDNA before surgery and had 2 relapse. 165 patients received NAT and had postoperative ctDNA tests. Of the 31 patients achieved pCR, 21 patients with negative postoperative ctDNA did not relapse and 10 patients with positive postoperative ctDNA had 1 relapse. Of the 134 non-pCR patients, 90 patients with negative postoperative ctDNA had 4 (4.4%) relapse, which is significantly better than the 44 patients with positive postoperative ctDNA and 8 (18.2%) relapse (p< 0.05), indicating the feasibility to further distinguish the real high-risk patients among the patients with non-pCR after NAT. Among the 17 patients with relapse or metastasis, 11 patients had positive ctDNA after surgery before relapse and the median lead time was 74 days and a maximum of 526 days. Four patients had negative ctDNA before relapse and two patients did not test after surgery. Conclusions Circulating tumor DNA is a sensitive assay to predict the relapse in early breast cancer, especially in the patients who received NAT and did not achieve pCR. This may provide a window of opportunity to personalize the escalated adjuvant treatment in patients with high relapse risk. Table 1. The association between patients’ characteristics and ctDNA positivity Citation Format: Qiang Liu, Mengzi Wu, Shunying Li, Yudong Li, Liang Jin, Qianfeng Shi, Yu Zhang, Chang Gong. A large real-world study of circulating tumor DNA in early breast cancer patients [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2022 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2022 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(5 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-02-07.

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Liu, Feng-Qi, Qi Chen, Qingyuan Qu, Xueyan Sun, Qiu-Sha Huang, Yun He, Xiaolu Zhu et al. "Machine-Learning Model for Resistance/Relapse Prediction in Immune Thrombocytopenia Using Gut Microbiota and Function Signatures". Blood 138, Supplement 1 (5 de noviembre de 2021): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2021-148987.

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Abstract Introduction Growing evidence has implicated gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). In a previous research study, we found dysbiosis in the phylogenetic composition and function of gut microbiome in ITP and that corticosteroid treatment may have a strong effect on gut microbiota [Sci China Life Sci, 2020]. Corticosteroids have been widely used in the initial treatment of newly diagnosed ITP patients, but most adult patients relapse upon cessation of steroid treatment. Patients on agents in subsequent therapy may improve at any time, but which patients improve and when is unpredictable. The gut microbiome has been increasingly used in the assessment and prediction of immunomodulatory therapy in autoimmune diseases and cellular immunotherapy in cancers. Here, we provide evidence that gut microbiota and function signatures can be used to predict immune thrombocytopenia patients at high risk of relapse/resistance after corticosteroid treatment and to identify patients that are more likely to benefit from TPO-RAs in subsequent therapy. Methods Seventy-five fecal samples from 60 patients with newly diagnosed ITP (60 specimens before corticosteroid therapy and 15 specimens after corticosteroid therapy) and 41 samples from persistent/chronic ITP before and after treatment with TPO-RAs, including eltrombopag and avatrombopag were collected for deep shotgun metagenomic sequencing. To identify the microbial biomarkers related to relapse/resistance after corticosteroid treatment, we constructed a random forest classifier using machine learning to determine the risk of relapse/resistance of a training cohort of 30 patients from baseline samples and validated the classifier for 30 patients. Patients with persistent/chronic ITP were divided into responders and nonresponders according to their response to TPO-RA treatment in subsequent therapy. After identifying the microbial species and functional biomarkers related to the response to TPO-RA therapy, a random forest classifier was constructed using a training set of 20 patients and validated using a validation set of 21 patients. Results We used a metagenomic sequencing technique to investigate the differences among gut microbiota associated with relapse within 3 months of corticosteroid treatment. We observed that the diversity and composition of the microbial community in ITP patients after corticosteroid therapy (Post-C) changed significantly from the baseline (Pre-C), whereas the gut microbiota of the remission group was similar to that of the HC group, which implies that a shift in the gut microbiome could represent a return to homeostasis. To identify the microbial biomarkers related to early relapse after corticosteroid treatment, the Pre-C samples were divided into a remission group and a resistant/relapse group according to the response to corticosteroid therapy within 3 months. Nine significant associations with the microbial species and function were identified between the remission and resistant/relapse groups. A risk index built from this panel of microbes and functional pathways was used to differentiate remission from resistant/relapsed patients based on the baseline characteristics. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve demonstrated that the risk index was a strong predictor of treatment response, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.87. Furthermore, to predict the response to TPO-RAs in subsequent therapy, the baseline gut microbiomes of responders and nonresponders before TPO-RA treatment were compared. Patients who responded to treatment exhibited an increase in Ruminococcaceae, Clostridiaceae and Bacteroides compared to nonresponders, with elevated abundance of the phosphotransferase system, tyrosine metabolism and secondary bile acid biosynthesis pathways according to KEGG analysis. Our prediction model based on the gut microbiome for TPO-RA response was robust across the cohorts and showed 89.5% and 79.2% prediction accuracy for persistent/chronic ITP patients in the training and validation sets, respectively. Conclusions The gut microbiome and function signatures based on machine learning analysis are novel potential biomarkers for predicting resistance/relapse after corticosteroid treatment and response to TPO-RAs, which may have important manifestations in the clinical. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Yan, Dongdong, Di Cui, Yun Zhu, Cecilia Ka Wing Chan, Chung Hang Jonathan Choi, Tengfei Liu, Sai Wah Tsao, Stephanie Ma y Annie Lai-Man Cheung. "Abstract 6124: Interleukin-1β and exosomal M6PR secreted by serglycin-overexpressing esophageal cancer cells instigate fibroblasts and endothelial cells to promote esophageal cancer progression". Cancer Research 82, n.º 12_Supplement (15 de junio de 2022): 6124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-6124.

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Abstract Non-tumor cells can be recruited and educated by cancer cells to facilitate cancer progression. Previously, we found that serum serglycin (SRGN), a secretory proteoglycan, was an independent prognostic marker for patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), and that the autocrine pro-invasive effect of SRGN on ESCC cells was mediated by midkine (MDK). Here, we investigated the effects of cancer cell-derived SRGN on human esophageal fibroblasts (HEF) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). We found that conditioned medium from SRGN-overexpressing ESCC cells (SRGN-CM) promoted the migration and proliferation of HEF. After SRGN-CM treatment, HEF showed increased expression of fibroblast activation protein alpha (FAP), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and amphiregulin, and could enhance tumor growth in vivo. In addition, exosomes derived from SRGN-overexpressing ESCC cells (SRGN-Exo) enhanced the tube formation ability of HUVECs. We found that the effects of SRGN-CM on activation, migration and proliferation of HEF were mediated by MDK. To elucidate the mechanisms by which SRGN upregulates HGF and amphiregulin, and promotes endothelial tube formation, cytokine array and mass spectrometry were performed to analyze differentially expressed proteins in SRGN-CM and SRGN-Exo respectively. The results showed upregulated secretion of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-18 and tumor necrosis factor-α in SRGN-CM, as well as enriched cation-dependent mannose-6-phosphate receptor (M6PR), integrin alpha-5, teneurin-2 and neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 2 in SRGN-Exo, which were validated by Western blot. These effects were dependent on the glycosaminoglycan chains on SRGN. Our data also showed that the enhanced secretion of IL-1β promoted the expression of HGF in HEF by activating extracellular signal-regulated kinase/activating protein-1. Treatment with SU11274, a c-Met (the receptor of HGF) inhibitor, attenuated the proliferation of ESCC cells co-cultured with HEF, which further indicates that IL-1β-induced HGF from HEF plays a significant role in the tumor microenvironment. In addition, the upregulated exosomal M6PR was found to mediate the enhancing effect of SRGN-Exo on endothelial tube formation ability. Notably, the expression level of M6PR in serum samples of patients with ESCC was positively correlated with that of SRGN and with poor survival. Taken together, SRGN overexpression in ESCC cells created a tumor-promoting microenvironment by altering the ESCC cell secretome including exosomes to exert influence on HEF and HUVECs. [This study was supported by Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong SAR, China, GRF Project No. 17100819] Citation Format: Dongdong Yan, Di Cui, Yun Zhu, Cecilia Ka Wing Chan, Chung Hang Jonathan Choi, Tengfei Liu, Sai Wah Tsao, Stephanie Ma, Annie Lai-Man Cheung. Interleukin-1β and exosomal M6PR secreted by serglycin-overexpressing esophageal cancer cells instigate fibroblasts and endothelial cells to promote esophageal cancer progression [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 6124.

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Chen, Lijuan, Jie Xu, Weijun Fu, Shiwei Jin, Shuangshuang Yang, Sun Yan, Wen Wu et al. "Updated Phase 1 Results of a First-in-Human Open-Label Study of Lcar-B38M, a Structurally Differentiated Chimeric Antigen Receptor T (CAR-T) Cell Therapy Targeting B-Cell Maturation Antigen (Bcma)". Blood 134, Supplement_1 (13 de noviembre de 2019): 1858. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-130008.

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Background: LCAR-B38M is a structurally differentiated CAR-T cell therapy containing 2 BCMA-targeting single-domain antibodies designed to confer avidity. LEGEND-2 (NCT03090659) is an exploratory study using LCAR-B38M CAR-T cells for the treatment of patients (pts) with relapsed or refractory (R/R) multiple myeloma (MM). Key eligibility criteria included R/R MM ³3 prior lines of therapy. Earlier results from LEGEND-2 showed encouraging overall efficacy and manageable safety (N=74). Here, we present updated results of LCAR-B38M in 17 R/R MM pts published in PNAS (Xu J et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2019;116:9543-9551), with a median follow-up of 22 months, from 3 sites: Jiangsu Provincial People's Hospital, Nanjing (JS); Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai (RJ); and Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai (CZ). Methods: Different sites adopted different lymphodepletion and dosing regimens. Eight pts (age, 18-75 years) with R/R MM received a lymphodepletion regimen of cyclophosphamide (Cy) 250 mg/m2 + fludarabine (Flu) 25 mg/m2, intravenously daily for 3 days (RJ and CZ), while 9 pts received Cy 300 mg/m2 intravenously daily for 3 days (JS). CAR-T cells were administered via 3 infusions (day 0, 3, and 6; n=8, RJ and CZ) or 1 infusion (day 0; n=9, JS) 5 days after lymphodepletion. Response was assessed per the International Myeloma Working Group criteria, adverse events graded according to the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4.03, and cytokine release syndrome was graded using CARTOX criteria (Neelapu SS et al. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2018;15:47-62). Results: Overall, 17 pts were enrolled. The mean dose was 0.7x106 (range, 0.2-1.5x106) CAR+ T cells/kg. The most common adverse events observed were cytokine release syndrome (100%; grade 1/2 [n=10]; grade 3 [n=6]; grade 5 [n=1]); cytopenia (82%; grade 1/2 [n=4]; grade 3 [n=5]; grade 4 [n=5]); and liver toxicity: 100%; elevated alanine aminotransferase (41%; grade 1/2 [n=7]; grade ≥3 [n=0]), elevated aspartate aminotransferase (94%, grade 1/2 [n=11]; grade 3 [n=5]), and elevated bilirubin (6%, grade 3 [n=1]). Tumor lysis syndrome was reported in 3 pts (18%) and no neurotoxicity was reported. The overall best response rate (partial response or better) was 88% (95% confidence interval [CI], 64-99). Complete response (CR) was achieved by 14 pts (82%; 62-99), and very good partial response by 1 pt (6%; 6-18). All of the 14 pts with CR were minimal residual disease negative (MRD-neg, by 8-color flow cytometry). The median time to first response was 1.0 months. At the July 20, 2019 data cutoff (median follow-up, 22 months [95% confidence interval, 16-23]), 6 (38%) pts remain progression-free. The median progression-free survival (PFS) for all-treated pts was 12 months (12-NE); median PFS for MRD-neg pts with CR was 18 months (13-NE). The median overall survival has not yet been reached (NE [12-NE]). At 18 months, 65% (39-90) of all-treated pts and 79% (54-99) of MRD-neg pts with CR were still living. In a post-hoc analysis, PFS was longer in pts at the RJ and CZ sites than in those at the JS site. Relapse occurred in 8/9 pts at the JS site, while relapse or progressive disease occurred in 2/7 evaluable pts at the RJ and CZ sites. In addition, 5/7 (71%) RJ/CZ pts remained stable in sCR (median follow-up, 745 days). Key differences between these sites included lymphodepletion regimens and the number of CAR-T infusions. Conclusions: LCAR-B38M has a safety profile consistent with other BCMA-targeted CAR-T cell therapy. This exploratory study has provided key evidence that LCAR-B38M may be a highly effective therapy for pts with R/R MM. It demonstrated deep and durable responses, particularly following Cy/Flu lymphodepletion. Although the sample size is too small to draw firm conclusions and multiple other factors may contribute, these outcomes suggest that different lymphodepletion regimens may contribute to differences in long-term efficacy. The study is ongoing for long-term safety and follow-up. A phase 1b/2 clinical study is ongoing in the United States (CARTITUDE-1, NCT03548207, JNJ-4528), and a phase 2 confirmatory study is ongoing in China (CARTIFAN-1, NCT03758417, LCAR-B38M). Pts in both of these studies will undergo Cy/Flu lymphodepletion and 1 single infusion of drug product. Disclosures Xu: National Natural Science Foundation of China: Other: Grants; Shanghai Rising-Star Program: Other: Grants; Shanghai Excellent Youth Medical Talents Training Program: Other: Grants.

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Lapeña, José Florencio. "Open Access: DOAJ and Plan S, Digitization and Disruption". Philippine Journal of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery 34, n.º 2 (2 de diciembre de 2019): 4–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.32412/pjohns.v34i2.1111.

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“Those with access to these resources — students, librarians, scientists — you have been given a privilege. You get to feed at this banquet of knowledge while the rest of the world is locked out. But you need not — indeed, morally, you cannot — keep this privilege for yourselves. You have a duty to share it with the world.” - Aaron Swartz1 (who killed himself at the age of 26, facing a felony conviction and prison sentence for downloading millions of academic journal articles) The Philippine Journal of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery was accepted into the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) on October 9, 2019. The DOAJ is “a community-curated online directory that indexes and provides access to high quality, open access, peer-reviewed journals”2 and is often cited as a source of quality open access journals in research and scholarly publishing circles that has been considered a sort of “whitelist” as opposed to the now-defunct Beall’s (black) Lists.3 As of this writing, the DOAJ includes 13,912 journals with 10,983 searchable at article level, from 130 countries with a total of 4,410,788 articles.2 Our article metadata is automatically supplied to, and all our articles are searchable on DOAJ. Because it is OpenURL compliant, once an article is on DOAJ, it is automatically harvestable. This is important for increasing the visibility of our journal, as there are more than 900,000 page views and 300,000 unique visitors a month to DOAJ from all over the world.2 Moreover, many aggregators, databases, libraries, publishers and search portals (e.g. Scopus, Serial Solutions and EBSCO) collect DOAJ free metadata and include it in their products. The DOAJ is also Open Archives Initiative (OAI) compliant, and once an article is in DOAJ, it is automatically linkable.4 Being indexed in DOAJ affirms that we are a legitimate open access journal, and enhances our compliance with Plan S.5 The Plan S initiative for Open Access publishing launched in September 2018 requires that from 2021, “all scholarly publications on the results from research funded by public or private grants provided by national, regional, and international research councils and funding bodies, must be published in Open Access Journals, on Open Access Platforms, or made immediately available through Open Access Repositories without embargo.”5 Such open access journals must be listed in DOAJ and identified as Plan S compliant. There are mixed reactions to Plan S. A recent editorial observes that subscription and hybrid journals (including such major highly-reputable journals as the New England Journal of Medicine, JAMA, Science and Nature) will be excluded,6 quoting the COAlition S argument that “there is no valid reason to maintain any kind of subscription-based business model for scientific publishing in the digital world.”5 As Gee and Talley put it, “will the rise of open access journals spell the end of the subscription model?”6 If full open access will be unsustainable for such a leading hybrid medical journal as the Medical Journal of Australia,6 what will happen to the many smaller, low- and middle-income country (southern) journals that cannot sustain a fully open-access model? For instance, challenges facing Philippine journals have been previously described.7 According to Tecson-Mendoza, “these challenges relate to (1) the proliferation of journals and related problems, such as competition for papers and sub-par journals; (2) journal funding and operation; (3) getting listed or accredited in major citation databases; (4) competition for papers; (5) reaching a wider and bigger readership and paper contribution from outside the country; and (6) meeting international standards for academic journal publications.”7 Her 2015 study listed 777 Philippine scholarly journals, of which eight were listed in both the (then) Thomson Reuters (TR) and Scopus master lists, while an additional eight were listed in TR alone and a further twelve were listed in Scopus alone.7 To date, there are 11,207 confirmed Philippine periodicals listed on the International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) Portal,8 but these include non-scientific and non-scholarly publications like magazines, newsletters, song hits, and annual reports. What does the future have in store for small scientific publications from the global south? I previously shared my insights from the Asia Pacific Association of Medical Journal Editors (APAME) 2019 Convention (http://apame2019.whocc.org.cn) on the World Association of Medical Editors (WAME) Newsletter, a private Listserve for WAME members only.9 These reflections on transformation pressures journals are experiencing were the subject of long and meaningful conversations with the editor of the Philippine Journal of Pathology, Dr. Amado Tandoc III during the APAME 2019 Convention in Xi’an China from September 3-5, 2019. Here are three main points: the real need for and possibility of joining forces- for instance, the Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrinology Societies (JAFES) currently based in the Philippines has fully absorbed previous national endocrinology journals of Malaysia and the Philippines, which have ceased to exist. While this merger has resulted in a much stronger regional journal, it would be worthwhile to consider featuring the logos and linking the archives of the discontinued journals on the JAFES website. Should the Philippine Journal of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery consider exploring a similar model for the ASEAN Otorhinolaryngological – Head and Neck Federation? Or should individual specialty journals in the Philippines merge under a unified Philippine Medical Association Journal or the National Health Science Journal Acta Medica Philippina? Such mergers would dramatically increase the pool of authors, reviewers and editors and provide a sufficient number of higher-quality articles to publish monthly (or even fortnightly) and ensure indexing in MEDLINE (PubMed). the migration from cover-to-cover traditional journals (contents, editorial, sections, etc.) to publishing platforms (e.g. should learned Philippine societies and institutions consider establishing a single platform instead of trying to sustain their individual journals)? Although many scholarly Philippine journals have a long and respectable history, a majority were established after 2000,7 possibly reflecting compliance with requirements of the Commission on Higher Education (CHED) for increased research publications. Many universities, constituent colleges, hospitals, and even academic and clinical departments strove to start their own journals. The resulting journal population explosion could hardly be sustained by the same pool of contributors and reviewers. In our field for example, faculty members of departments of otorhinolaryngology who submitted papers to their departmental journals were unaware that simultaneously submitting these manuscripts to their hospital and/or university journals was a form of misconduct. Moreover, they were not happy when our specialty journal refused to publish their papers as this would constitute duplicate publication. The problem stemmed from their being required to submit papers for publication in department, hospital and/or university journals instead of crediting their submissions to our pre-existing specialty journal. This escalated the tension on all sides, to the detriment of the new journals (some department journals ceased publication after one or two issues) and authors (whose articles in these defunct journals are effectively lost). The older specialty journals are also suffering from the increased number of players with many failing to publish their usual number of issues or to publish them on time. But how many (if any at all) of these journals (especially specialty journals) would agree to yield to a merger with others (necessitating the end of their individual journal)? Would a common platform (rather than a common journal) provide a solution? more radically, the individual journal as we know it today (including the big northern journals) will cease to exist- as individual OA articles (including preprints) and open (including post-publication) review become freely available and accessible to all. However proud editors may be of the journals they design and develop from cover to cover, with all the special sections and touches that make their “babies” unique, readers access and download individual articles rather than entire journals. A similar fate befell the music industry a decade ago. From the heyday of vinyl (33 and 78 rpm long-playing albums and 45 rpm singles) and 8-tracks, to cassettes, then compact disks (CD’s) and videos, the US recorded music industry was down 63% in 2009 from its peak in the late 70’s, and down 45% from where it was in 1973.10 In 2011, DeGusta observed that “somewhat unsurprisingly, the recording industry makes almost all their money from full-length albums” but “equally unsurprising, no one is buying full albums anymore,” concluding that “digital really does appear to have brought about the era of the single.10 As McDowell opines, “In the end, the digital transforms not only the ability to disrupt standard publishing practices but instead it has already disrupted and continues to break these practices open for consideration and transformation.”11 Where to then, scientific journals? Without endorsing either, will Sci-Hub (https://sci-hub.se) be to scholarly publishing what Spotify (https://www.spotify.com) is to the music industry? A sobering thought that behooves action.

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Li, Dongzhi, Lanfen Xie, Pei Zhang, Runqiang Liu, Mingwang Shi, Yu Mei y Li Xu. "Characterization of resistance and fitness cost of Descurainia sophia L. populations from Henan and Xinjiang, China". Scientific Reports 11, n.º 1 (19 de julio de 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-94317-y.

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AbstractDescurainia sophia L. is a notorious weed in winter wheat field and has serious resistance to tribenuron-methyl. Xinjiang is a main wheat production region in China with no information on D. sophia resistance to tribenuron-methyl. Here, resistance levels of D. sophia populations to tribenuron-methyl from Xinjiang and Henan were investigated. In addition, homozygous mutation subpopulations of high resistant D. sophia populations from Xinjiang and Henan were generated and then cross-resistance and fitness cost were determined. Results showed that 5 out of 31 populations from Xinjiang developed resistance to tribenuron-methyl, including two high resistant populations (X30 and X31). While 10 out of 11 populations from Henan showed resistance to tribenuron-methyl, including three high resistant populations (H5, H6 and H7). X30 and X31 shared the same mutation type of Pro197Thr in ALS1, while the mutation type of ALS1 in H5, H6 and H7 were Pro197Ser, Pro197His and Pro197Ala, respectively. The homozygous mutation subpopulations (SX30, SX31, SH5, SH6, SH7) showed cross-resistance to flucarbazone-sodium, bensulfuron methyl and flumetsulam. Under monoculture condition, relative growth rates of SX30, SX31 were higher than susceptible population (SX13), while that in SH5, SH6, SH7 were almost same with SX13. When mix planted with SX13, SX30 and SX31 displayed weaker competitiveness than SX13, while SH5, SH6, SH7 showed stronger competitiveness than SX13. The results suggested that D. sophia from Xinjiang had low resistance frequency to tribenuron-methyl and the high resistant populations had fitness costs.

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49

LIU, QI, GUANG-CHUN ZENG, XIN-NENG LIAN, YAN-ZHE FU, CHEN-YANG CAI y DI-YING HUANG. "A new amber outcrop from the Oligocene Nanning Basin of Guangxi, southern China". Palaeoentomology 4, n.º 4 (31 de agosto de 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/palaeoentomology.4.4.7.

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Ambers in China have been described from the various localities of both Cretaceous (e.g., Xixia amber from Henan Province and Jalainur [Zhalainuoer] amber from northeastern Inner Mongolia) and Palaeogene (e.g., Eocene Fushun amber of Liaoning Province and Miocene Zhangpu amber of Fujian Province) ages to date (e.g., Hong, 1981, 2002; Shi et al., 2014; Wang et al., 2014; Azar et al., 2019; Wang et al., 2021). Here we report a new amber locality from the Late Oligocene of Nanning Basin, Guangxi, southern China. The first amber piece was collected by one of the authors (GCZ) on 5 June 2008. In a recent field work in early 2021, we further discovered more than 50 smaller amber pieces, which are reported here.

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50

Xu, Fei-Fei, Xiao-Fang Xie, Hai-Yan Hu, Rong-Sheng Tong y Cheng Peng. "Shenfu injection: a review of pharmacological effects on cardiovascular diseases". Frontiers in Pharmacology 15 (14 de febrero de 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2024.1279584.

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Shenfu injection (SFI), composed of ginseng and aconite, is a Chinese patent developed from the classic traditional prescription Shenfu Decoction created more than 700 years ago. SFI has been widely used in China for over 30 years for treating cardiovascular diseases. The main components in it include ginsenosides and aconitum alkaloids. In recent years, the role of SFI in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases has attracted much attention. The pharmacological effects and therapeutic applications of SFI in cardiovascular diseases are summarized here, highlighting pharmacological features and potential mechanisms developments, confirming that SFI can play a role in multiple ways and is a promising drug for treating cardiovascular diseases.

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