Tesis sobre el tema "Heuristiques de recherche locale"
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Danna, Emilie. "Intégration des techniques de recherche locale à la programmation linéaire en nombres entiers". Avignon, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AVIG0132.
Texto completoWe present several algorithms for integrating local search technique into mixed integer programming (MIP). We first introduce a cooperation scheme between local search and branch-and-price that generalizes the concept of branch-and-cut heuristics to branch-and-price and we apply it successfully to the vehicle routing problem with time windows. We then present a new MIP heuristic that we call Relaxation Induced Neighborhood Search (RINS). This heuristic finds good integer solutions on models that previously were very difficult to solve. It is now implemented in ILOG CPLEX 9. RINS exploits the three fundamental concepts of local search (neighborhood, intensification, and diversification) and transposes them to mixed integer programming. This heuristic is generic : it can be applied to any MIP model, with no other input than the model itself. RINS allows us to formalize the notion of "hybrid in spirit'' algorithms. This development paradigm consists in using only one optimization technique and integrating into its framework concepts of other resolution techniques instead of having several software components cooperate. RINS performances and our analysis of difficulties encountered by existing hybrid algorithms suggest that this class of algorithms is promising. We finally concentrate on the job-shop scheduling problem with earliness and tardiness costs on which RINS is particularly effective. We propose several improvements and extensions of the disjunctive model for this problem and a heuristic (MCORE : big-M COefficient REduction) that could be generalized to other MIP models of similar structure. MCORE is also a "hybrid in spirit'' algorithm
Mynard, Laurent. "Exploration locale oscillante heuristiquement ordonnée". Paris 6, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA066255.
Texto completoGoëffon, Adrien. "Nouvelles heuristiques de voisinage et mémétiques pour le problème Maximum de Parcimonie". Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00256670.
Texto completoDans cette thèse, nous nous intéressons en premier lieu à l'amélioration des techniques de résolution du problème MP basées sur un algorithme de descente. Après avoir montré de manière empirique les limites des voisinages existants, nous introduisons un voisinage progressif qui évolue au cours de la recherche afin de limiter l'évaluation de voisins infructueux lors d'une descente. L'algorithme obtenu est ensuite hybridé à un algorithme génétique utilisant un croisement d'arbres spécifique fondé sur les mesures de distance entre chaque couple d'espèces dans l'arbre. Cet algorithme mémétique exhibe des résultats très compétitifs, tant sur des jeux de test tirés de la littérature que sur des jeux générés aléatoirement.
Luong, Thé Van. "Métaheuristiques parallèles sur GPU". Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL10058/document.
Texto completoReal-world optimization problems are often complex and NP-hard. Their modeling is continuously evolving in terms of constraints and objectives, and their resolution is CPU time-consuming. Although near-optimal algorithms such as metaheuristics (generic heuristics) make it possible to reduce the temporal complexity of their resolution, they fail to tackle large problems satisfactorily. Over the last decades, parallel computing has been revealed as an unavoidable way to deal with large problem instances of difficult optimization problems. The design and implementation of parallel metaheuristics are strongly influenced by the computing platform. Nowadays, GPU computing has recently been revealed effective to deal with time-intensive problems. This new emerging technology is believed to be extremely useful to speed up many complex algorithms. One of the major issues for metaheuristics is to rethink existing parallel models and programming paradigms to allow their deployment on GPU accelerators. Generally speaking, the major issues we have to deal with are: the distribution of data processing between CPU and GPU, the thread synchronization, the optimization of data transfer between the different memories, the memory capacity constraints, etc. The contribution of this thesis is to deal with such issues for the redesign of parallel models of metaheuristics to allow solving of large scale optimization problems on GPU architectures. Our objective is to rethink the existing parallel models and to enable their deployment on GPUs. Thereby, we propose in this document a new generic guideline for building efficient parallel metaheuristics on GPU. Our challenge is to come out with the GPU-based design of the whole hierarchy of parallel models.In this purpose, very efficient approaches are proposed for CPU-GPU data transfer optimization, thread control, mapping of solutions to GPU threadsor memory management. These approaches have been exhaustively experimented using five optimization problems and four GPU configurations. Compared to a CPU-based execution, experiments report up to 80-fold acceleration for large combinatorial problems and up to 2000-fold speed-up for a continuous problem. The different works related to this thesis have been accepted in a dozen of publications, including the IEEE Transactions on Computers journal
Kessaci, Marie-Éléonore. "Recherche locale et optimisation combinatoire : de l'analyse structurelle d'un problème à la conception d'algorithmes efficaces". Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL10169/document.
Texto completoMany problems from combinatorial optimization are NP-hard, so that exact methods remain inefficient to solve them efficiently. However, metaheuristics are approximation methods known and used for their efficiency. But they often require a lot of parameters, which are very difficult to set in order to provide good performance. As a consequence, a challenging question is to perform such parameter tuning easier, or adaptive.The fitness landscape of given combinatorial optimization problem, based on a search space, a fitness function and a neighborhood relation, allow to characterize the problem structure and make the understanding of the dynamics of search approches possible.This thesis deals with fitness landscape analysis, together with the link with some neighborhood-based metaheuristic classes. We show the influence of the landscape structure on the dynamics of metaheuristics, for two challenging problems from the field of logistics. We analyze the landscape characteristics which help to design efficient local search metaheuristics and/or to set their parameters.Neutrality is one of the main structural characteristic of a landscape. Such landscapes have numerous plateaus, which often inhibits the progress of local search algorithms. After a deep analysis of these plateaus, we prove that this neutral structure cannot be ignored. Then, we use several information linked with neutrality, and particularly with blocking plateaus, in order to design a first local search approach, which appear to efficient and easy to implement. At last, in order to extend our work on the neutral structure, we chose to exploit the neutrality involved in the whole landscape. We propose a new local search algorithm, based on the ability of solutions of a plateau to produce improvement by means of a guiding strategy.The thesis ends with an experimental analysis of the two local search methods presented for neutral problems in order to exploit new characteristics, and then to strengthen the link between fitness landscape analysis and efficient algorithm design
Laroum, Sami. "Prédiction de la localisation des protéines membranaires : méthodes méta-heuristiques pour la détermination du potentiel d'insertion des acides aminés". Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01064309.
Texto completoLaroum, Sami. "Prédiction de la localisation des protéines membranaires : méthodes méta-heuristiques pour la détermination du potentiel d'insertion des acides aminés". Phd thesis, Angers, 2011. https://theses.hal.science/tel-01064309.
Texto completoIn this work, we are interested in the localization of proteins transported towards the endoplasmic reticulum membrane, and more specifically to the recognition of transmembrane segments and signal peptides. By using the last knowledges acquired on the mechanisms of insertion of a segment in the membrane, we propose a discrimination method of these two types of sequences based on the potential of insertion of each amino acid in the membrane. This leads to search for each amino acid a curve giving its potential of insertion according to its place in a window corresponding to the thickness of the membrane. Our goal is to determine "in silico" a curve for each amino acid to obtain the best performances for our method of classification. The optimization, on data sets constructed from data banks of proteins, of the curves is a difficult problem that we address through the meta-heuristic methods. We first present a local search algorithm for learning a set of curves. Its assessment on the different data sets shows good classification results. However, we notice a difficulty in adjusting the curves of certain amino acids. The restriction of the search space with relevant information on amino acids and the introduction of multiple neighborhood allow us to improve the performances of our method and at the same time to stabilize the learnt curves. We also developed a genetic algorithm to explore in a more diversified way the space of search for this problem
Belaïdouni, Mériéma. "Métaheuristiques et paysages de recherche". Angers, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ANGE0022.
Texto completoMetaheuristics are a class of methods which are able to provide solutions of good quality in a reasonnable amount of time for difficult combinatorial problems. There exist a large number of applications of these methods but only few studies concern their fondamental aspects. This thesis is devoted to study some fondamental issues of metaheuristics. Three tightly related axis are explored : 1)the study of problems properties and measures, 2)the study of dynamics of metaheuristics, 3)the establishment of the relations between measures of problems and dynamics of metaheuristics. To validate this approach we have apllied it to two NP-complete problems : MAX-CSP and SAT
Marmion, Marie-Eleonore. "Recherche locale et optimisation combinatoire : de l'analyse structurelle d'un problème à la conception d'algorithmes efficaces". Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00682776.
Texto completoDupin, Nicolas. "Modélisation et résolution de grands problèmes stochastiques combinatoires : application à la gestion de production d'électricité". Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10107/document.
Texto completoMixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) is a very popular and useful framework to model industrial optimization problems. This success is due to the facility to model complex optimization problems, the work can be focused on modeling, with a black box generic resolution to optimality with Branch&Bound (B&B) algorithm, or with a specialized decomposition algorithm. If MILP made lots of progresses on the last decades, it is often not sufficient to tackle real world size instances. In such cases, heuristic methods are commonly used to find good quality solutions, without any guarantee to reach the optimum and any proven bound to the optimum. Our work focus on two complex optimization problems from energy management. First application is a discretized daily Unit Commitment Problem of thermal units with specific dynamic constraints. Second application comes from the EURO/ROADEF 2010 challenge, scheduling problem of nuclear power plants' outages for maintenances and refueling. In both cases the methodology was first to model efficiently the considered problem with a MILP compact formulation, and analyze the frontal resolution's limits with B&B. Decomposition methods could also be investigated, before the exact methods are derived in a matheuristic, to be able to tackle real size instances. In particular, Variable Neighborhood Search (VNS) with MILP neighborhoods gave outstanding results on our problems. Our work allowed to estimate the impacts of usual and natural hypothesis. Furthermore, we derived dual bounds for these optimizations problems
Larabi, Mohand. "Le problème de job-shop avec transport : modélisation et optimisation". Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00625528.
Texto completoGuo, Yuhan. "Metaheuristics for solving large size long-term car pooling problem and an extension". Thesis, Artois, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ARTO0206/document.
Texto completoNowadays, the increased human mobility combined with high use of private cars increases the load on environment and raises issues about quality of life. The extensive use of private cars lends to high levels of air pollution, parking problem, traffic congestion and low transfer velocity. In order to ease these shortcomings, the car pooling program, where sets of car owners having the same travel destination share their vehicles, has emerged all around the world. We present here our research on the long-term car pooling problem. In this thesis, the long-term car pooling problem is modeled and metaheuristics for solving the problem are investigated. The thesis is organized as follows. First, the definition and description of the problem as well as its mathematical model are introduced. Then, several metaheuristics to effectively and efficiently solve the problem are presented. These approaches include a Variable Neighborhood Search Algorithm, a Clustering Ant Colony Algorithm, a Guided Genetic Algorithm and a Multi-agent Self-adaptive Genetic Algorithm. Experiments have been conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of these approaches on solving the long-term car pooling problem. Afterwards, we extend our research to a multi-destination daily car pooling problem, which is introduced in detail manner along with its resolution method. At last, an algorithm test and analysis platform for evaluating the algorithms and a car pooling platform are presented in the appendix
Gu, Wenjuan. "Problèmes de tournées de véhicules avec plusieurs produits et applications à la livraison de produits frais en circuits courts et locaux". Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ECLI0013.
Texto completoWe study vehicle routing problems considering multiple commodities, with applications in the local fresh food supply chains. The studied supply chain contains two echelons with three sets of actors: suppliers, distribution centers and customers. Suppliers are farmers that produce some fresh foods. Distribution centers are in charge of consolidation and delivery of the products to customers. Distribution centers collect products from the suppliers that perform direct trips. Products are delivered to the customers with a fleet of vehicles performing routes. Each customer requires several commodities, and the farmers produce a limited quantity of these commodities. For the minimization of the transportation cost, it is beneficial that a single customer is delivered by several vehicles. However, for the convenience of the customer, it is imposed that a single commodity is delivered at once by a single vehicle. Hence, different commodities have been considered. The complete problem is named Multi-Commodity two-echelon Distribution Problem (MC2DP). The restricted problem that addresses only the delivery from a single distribution center is named Commodity constrained Split Delivery Vehicle Routing Problem (C-SDVRP). We first propose a heuristic based on the Adaptive Large Neighborhood Search (ALNS) for the C-SDVRP. Then, we address the whole problem (MC2DP) with collection and delivery operations and multiple distribution centers. In order to tackle this complex problem, we propose to decompose the problem: collection and delivery are sequentially solved. Furthermore, we develop an integrated approach for the MC2DP to improve the solutions obtained by the sequential approach
Esseghir, Mohamed Amir. "Metaheuristics for the feature selection problem : adaptive, memetic and swarm approaches". Thesis, Artois, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ARTO0206/document.
Texto completoAlthough the expansion of storage technologies, networking systems, and information system methodologies, the capabilities of conventional data processing techniques remain limited. The need to knowledge extraction, compact representation and data analysis are highly motivated by data expansion. Nevertheless, learning from data might be a complex task, particularly when it includes noisy, redundant and information-less attributes. Feature Selection (FS) tries to select the most relevant attributes from raw data, and hence guides the construction of final classification models or decision support systems. Selected features should be representative of the underlying data and provide effective usefulness to the targeted learning paradigm (i.e. classification). In this thesis, we investigate different optimization paradigms as well as its adaptation to the requirements of the feature selection challenges, namely the problem combinatorial nature. Both theoritical and empirical aspects were studied, and confirm the effectiveness of the adopted methodology as well as the proposed metaheuristic based approaches
Bäerecke, Thomas. "Isomorphisme inexact de graphes par optimisation évolutionnaire". Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066335.
Texto completoCornu, Marek. "Local Search, data structures and Monte Carlo Search for Multi-Objective Combinatorial Optimization Problems". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLED043/document.
Texto completoMany Combinatorial Optimization problems consider several, often conflicting, objectives. This thesis deals with Local Search, data structures and Monte Carlo Search methods for finding the set of efficient solutions of such problems, which is the set of all best possible trade-offs given all the objectives.We propose a new approximation method called 2-Phase Iterated Pareto Local Search based on Decomposition (2PIPLS/D) combining the notions of Pareto Local Search (PLS) and Decomposition. PLS is a local search descent adapted to Multi-Objective spaces, and Decomposition consists in the subdivision of the Multi-Objective problem into a number of Single-Objective problems. Two Single-Objective methods are considered: Iterated Local Search and Nested Monte Carlo Search. Two main components are embedded within the 2PIPLS/D framework. The first one generalizes and improves an existing method generating an initial set of solutions. The second one reduces efficiently the search space and accelerates PLS without notable impact on the quality of the generated approximation. We also introduce two new data structures for dynamically managing a set of incomparable solutions. The first one is specialized for the bi-objective case, while the second one is general.2PIPLS/D is applied to the bi-objective and tri-objective Traveling Salesman Problem and outperforms its competitors on tested instances. Then, 2PIPLS/D is instantiated on a new five-objective problem related to the recent territorial reform of French regions which resulted in the reassignment of departments to new larger regions
Levasseur, Nicolas. "Heuristiques de recherche pour la résolution des WCSP". Caen, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CAEN2071.
Texto completoWeighted Constraint Satisfaction Problem (WCSP) which are a generalization to the optimization of CSP, are usually solved by tree search methods combined with filtering algorithms or local search methods. Although many generic heuristics have been proposed for such methods in the CSP framework, this is not the case for WCSP yet. Our objective was to define and implement new generic heuristics dedicated to WCSP in order to efficiently guide search methods. For tree search methods, we have proposed several value ordering and variable ordering heuristics based on a global criterion, the H-Quality, which is less dependent on filtering mechanisms. For VNS based metaheuristics, we have proposed new neighborhood heuristics based on the concept of degree of freedom wich depend on the topology of graph of constraints. Then, we have proposed to extend them to the WCSP framework in order to take into account cost of constraints. In order to validate our contribution, we have made experiments on real-world problems (Radio Link Frequency Assignment Problem) (CELAR), random structured instances (GRAPH) and random instances. From these experiments, it appears that the concept of H-Quality is a relevant criterion to guide value ordering heuristics and interesting to guide variable ordering heuristics for high connectivity and high density instances. Neighborhood heuristics based degree of freedom and taking into account cost constraints offer better performance
Bärecke, Thomas. "Isomorphisme Inexact de Graphes par Optimisation Évolutionnaire". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00494519.
Texto completoBatnini, Heikel. "Contraintes globales et heuristiques de recherche pour les CSPs continus". Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00091375.
Texto completomoléculaire ou en CAO. Les techniques issues de la programmation par contraintes permettent de résoudre ces problèmes en combinant une technique de bissection avec des méthodes de réduction des domaines (consistances locales ou partielles). Or, ces consistances sont des méthodes systématiques qui ne prennent pas en compte les propriétés spécifiques des contraintes.
Nous présentons dans cette thèse deux approches pour la conception d'une contrainte globale pour la résolution de systèmes de contraintes de distance. La première approche est basée sur l'inférence de contraintes
redondantes directement issues de propriétés géométriques du système.
La deuxième approche est basée sur l'introduction d'un algorithme de filtrage global dédié aux systèmes d'équations de distance.
Ces travaux ont débouché sur la conception d'une
technique de décomposition de domaines qui exploite la structure particulière des contraintes de distance. Enfin, nous présentons une généralisation de cette heuristique de recherche à des contraintes numériques quelconques.
Veerapen, Nadarajen. "Contrôle autonome d'opérateurs pour la recherche locale". Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00995607.
Texto completoFévrot, Olivier. "Recherche sur la notion de démocratie locale". Paris 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA020067.
Texto completoMasingue, Antoine. "Recherche-intervention en management et team building : apports d'outils heuristiques et transformatifs". Paris 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA020065.
Texto completoDevarenne, Isabelle. "Etudes en recherche locale adaptative pour l'optimisation combinatoire". Besançon, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BESA2012.
Texto completoAll optimization methods have internal parameters that influenced their performance. The challenge for users is to find a good adjustment for each problem. In recent years an important part of research in combinatorial optimization focuses on the conception of adaptive methods. The objective of the approach is to define processes that attempt to adapt dynamically parameters of methods according to each problem. In this context, this thesis focuses on the mechanisms of memory and adaptation in order to develop an Adaptative Local Search (ALS) method combining mechanisms of extension and restriction of the neighborhood. The neighborhood extension is defined as a procedure which detect blockage during the search by studying the historic of the choices made by the method in order to intervene on his behavior. The restriction mechanism is based on the use of an adaptative tabu list to manage access to the variables. The resulting method has been applied to two problems: an academic problem, graph k-coloring problem, and a real problem, the frequency allocation in radio networks. Several variants of ALS were developed and compared to public results on the two issues
Cherkaoui, Sidi Rachid. "Méthodes heuristiques pour la recherche de configurations optimales d'un réseau électrique de distribution /". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1992. http://library.epfl.ch/theses/?nr=1058.
Texto completoHail, Nourredine. "Méthodes algorithmiques pour les lignes de production avec des machines parallèles". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE10019.
Texto completoYtier, David. "Recherche sur la fiscalité locale au prisme de l’égalité". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2019. https://buadistant.univ-angers.fr/login?url=https://bibliotheque.lefebvre-dalloz.fr/secure/isbn/9782247210268.
Texto completoTaking a look at local taxation through equality means observing two legal notions linked to one another, in a complex system that reveals what sets them apart, and what brings them together. The interest of the subject stems from the criticism of a taxation system considered as a vector of major inequalities, and the radical solutions that lead to a decline in local taxation. As such, it is necessary to link the two concepts to determine their relation. This problem is part of broader study that more generally addresses the implementation of government decentralization, whose organization inevitably leads to inequalities, especially when decentralized authorities are given financial autonomy. This is why this research not only looks back on our past in order to take some perspective on the current inequalities, but also aims at conceptualizing the notion of local taxation. This allows us to understand why those two notions are polarised, as well as striking the right balance between them. The objective of local taxation should be equality. Lawmakers find this balance though the conception of taxation itself, and through the local framework where the local tax is developed. This balance must be found if we want local taxation to fully meet equality
Porumbel, Daniel Cosmin. "Algorithmes Heuristiques et Techniques d'Apprentissage - Applications au Probleme de Coloration de Graphe". Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00481253.
Texto completoAl-Douri, Thekra. "Méthodes heuristiques pour les problèmes de type knapsack". Thesis, Amiens, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AMIE0023/document.
Texto completoThe aim of this thesis is to propose approximate algorithms for tackling the max-min Multi-Scenarios Knapsack Problem (MSKP). Three methods have been proposed (which can be considered as complementary), where each of them is based on the perturbation aspect of the solutions and their re-buildings. The proposed methods are declined in three parts. In the first part, we propose to solve the MSKP by using a hybrid reactive search algorithm that uses two main features: (i) the restoring/exploring phase and (ii) the perturbation phase. The first phase yields a feasible solution and tries to improve it by using an intensification search. The second phase can be viewed as a diversification search in which a series of subspaces are investigated in order to make a quick convergence to a global optimum. Finally, the proposed method is evaluated on a set of benchmark instances taken from the literature, whereby its obtained results are compared to those reached by recent methods available in the literature. The results show that the method is competitive and it is able to provide better solutions. The second part discusses a population-based method which combines three complementary stages: (i) the building stage, (ii) the combination stage and (iii) the two-stage rebuild stage. First, the building stage serves to provide a starting feasible solution by using a greedy procedure; each item is randomly chosen for reaching a starting population of solutions. Second, the combination stage tries to provide each new solution by combining subsets of (starting) solutions. Third, the rebuild stage tries to make an intensification in order to improve the solutions at hand. The proposed method is evaluated on a set of benchmark instances taken from the literature, where its obtained results are compared to those reached by the best algorithms available in the literature. The results show that the proposed method provides better solutions than those already published. In the third part, both greedy randomized adaptive search procedure and path-relinking are combined for tackling the MSKP. The proposed method iterates both building and improvement phases that are based upon an extended search process. The first phase yields a (starting) feasible solution for the problem by applying a greedy randomized search procedure. The second phase tries to enhance each current solution by applying the path-relinking based strategy. Finally, the proposed method is evaluated on a set of benchmark instances taken from the literature. The obtained results are compared to those reached by some best algorithms available in the literature. Encouraging results have been obtained
Porumbel, Daniel Cosmin. "Algorithmes Heuristiques et Techniques d'Apprentissage : Applications au Problème de Coloration de Graphe". Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00476541.
Texto completoDurand, Guy. "Recherche sur la nature de la société d'économie mixte locale". Montpellier 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MON10026.
Texto completoThe company of mixed public and private ownership (cmpp) has acheived a major success, particularly since the uninimous passage of the low of 7th july 1983 in the continuing move towards decentralisation. Paradorically its true nature remains largely unknown, as if the scholars thought that the legislator, in the process of including this entiry in the juridical category of a ltd company, had closed the door on any theoretical analysis. The cmpp is expressely included in the category ltd company because of its commercial aspelct. This categorisation is however incapable of characteresing the cmpp and a closer examination of the entitys structure is requited. Ambivalence is the term which caracterises the legal status of the cmpp since its constitution is similar to a ltd company, but it functions like a public foundation. The mixed nature of this legal entity must accomodate clear commercial aims alongside the target of local infrastructural development. Traditionally the public company (ltd company) takes the form of either public or private because of its state or local government or its purely commercial aims. In this way the company deprives itself of a posotive identity in favour of one that emprhasises what it is not. The evolution of the cmpp anticipates what could become the new legal category of the local authority public company
Boulanger, Célia. "Heuristiques basées sur la programmation mathématique pour des problèmes de localisation et de routage". Valenciennes, 2010. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/097f03a9-5364-4c57-afd3-697ff1edf975.
Texto completoThe aim of this PHD is the modelisation of two transportation problems of operationnal research. . These problems are routing problem and location problem. The first one studied is the location-routing problem with capacity constraints on facilities. Three methods are proposed to solve this problem. The two first are hybrid heuristics, mixing linear programs and a tabou search. The third method is based on a column generation method. These three contributions have been developped and tested to see their efficienty. We obtain good results, the best method giving most of the best results of the thirty instances. The second problem studied is a biobjectif travelling salesman problem on a particular graphe where some vertices have to be visited. A heuristic has been developed to solve this biobjective problem. To evaluate results obtained, an exacte method has been developed too
Khemakhem, Mahdi. "Heuristiques pour un Problème de m-Tournées Sélectives". Phd thesis, Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambresis, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00440494.
Texto completoGómez-Villouta, Giglia. "Méthodes heuristiques pour le problème de placement sur bande en deux dimensions". Angers, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ANGE0022.
Texto completoPacking problems are usually NP-hard, or NP-complete according to the objective. One has to locate a set of objects into one or more “container(s)”, with fix dimensions or of infinite height, while respecting constraints related to some characteristics (weight, quantity, rotation, stability, guillotine cuts. . . ). Themain interest of these problems are the numerous practical applications from various domains. The most effective solution strategies for these problems are usually approximate methods, local search in particular. In this thesis, we are interested in a particular two-dimensional packing problem (without rotation nor guillotine cuts) known as “strip packing” (SPP). The objective of this problem, after locating rectangular objects without overlap, is to minimize the height of the resulting packing. We developed two “meta-heuristic” approaches for the SPP, both including innovative components based on problem knowledge. The first one is a genetic algorithm with a new (highly “visual”) crossover and a hierarchical fitness function. The second one is a tabu search with “direct” representation (i. E. Not using the classical permutations) whose main characteristics are a consistent neighborhood, a “well-informed” diversification (based on the search history), and a fitness function able to evaluate possibly partial solutions. The two proposed approaches, assessed on a well-known and very difficult benchmark, show good performances compared with other strategies
Grand, Florence. "Recherche sur la coopération entre les communes et les départements". Renne 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997REN1A001.
Texto completoDoat, Mathieu Mazères Jean-Arnaud. "Recherche sur la notion de collectivité locale en droit administratif français /". Paris : LGDJ, 2003. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb38985552h.
Texto completoJeanjean, Antoine. "Recherche locale pour l'optimisation en variables mixtes : méthodologie et applications industrielles". Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00670147.
Texto completoJeanjean, Antoine. "Recherche locale pour l'optimisation en variables mixtes : méthodologie et applications industrielles". Phd thesis, Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2011. https://pastel.hal.science/docs/00/67/01/47/PDF/these_antoine_jeanjean_bouygues_elab_lix.pdf.
Texto completoLarge mixed-variable optimization problems are often solved by decomposition, with some drawbacks : di culties to guarantee quality or even feasible solutions and technical complexity of development projects. In this thesis, we propose a direct approach, using local search, for solving mixed-variable optimization problems. Our methodology focuses on two points : a large pool of varied moves and an incremental evaluation based on approximate but highly e cient algorithms, working on combinatorial and continuous dimensions simultaneously. First, we present a formwork stocks optimization problem on construction sites. Then, we rely on this methodology to optimize earthworks scheduling for highway and railway projects. Finally, we solve a vehicle routing problem with inventory management. Inventory routing refers to the optimization of transportation costs for the replenishment of customers' inventories : based on consumption forecasts, the vendor organizes delivery routes
Gomez-Villouta, Giglia. "Méthodes heuristiques pour le problème de placement sur bande en deux dimensions". Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00575859.
Texto completoDorne, Raphae͏̈l. "Etude des méthodes heuristiques pour la coloration, la T-coloration et l'affectation des séquences". Montpellier 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON20081.
Texto completoSbihi, Abdelkader. "Les Méthodes Hybrides en Optimisation Combinatoire :Algorithmes Exacts et Heuristiques". Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00012188.
Texto completomodélisation et de la résolution algorithmique. Dans cette thèse, nous étudions deux variantes
NP-difficiles de problèmes de type sac-à-dos. Plus précisément, nous traitons le problème de
la distribution équitable (le Knapsack Sharing Problem : KSP) et le problème du sac-à-dos
généralisé à choix multiple (le Multiple-choice Multidimensional Knapasck Problem : MMKP).
Dans la première partie de cette thèse, nous nous intéressons au développement d'algorithmes
approchés pour les deux variantes évoquées du problème de type sac-à-dos. La deuxième partie
traite essentiellement de la résolution exacte du problème du sac-à-dos généralisé à choix multiple.
L'approche exacte que nous proposons est de type séparation et évaluation s'appuyant
principalement sur : (i) le calcul des bornes inférieure et supérieure et (ii) l'utilisation de la
stratégie par le meilleur d'abord en développant des branches à double noeuds fils et frère.
La première partie porte sur l'étude et la résolution approchée des deux problèmes KSP et
MMKP. Concernant le problème de la distribution équitable, nous proposons dans un premier
temps, une première version de l'algorithme exploitant certaines caractéristiques de la
recherche tabou. Dans un deuxième temps, nous développons une deuxième version de l'algorithme dont l'idée principale consiste à tenter de combiner l'intensification de la recherche dans l'espace des solutions et la diversification de la solution obtenue. Nous soulignons la rapidité
de la première version et l'efficacité de la deuxième. Ensuite nous nous intéressons au problème
de sac-à-dos généralisé à choix multiple. Nous proposons deux heuristiques de recherche locale
itérative. Le premier algorithme s'appuie sur une “recherche guidée”. Le deuxième algorithme
est une recherche locale que nous appelons réactive avec stratégies de déblocage et de dégradtion améliorantes de la solution et basées sur l'inter-change local.
Dans la deuxième partie de cette thèse, nous proposons une méthode de résolution exacte de type séparation et évaluation pour le problème du sac-à-dos généralisé à choix multiple. D'une part, nous nous proposons la réduction du problème initial au problème auxiliaire MMKPaux qui n'est autre que le problème de sac-à-dos à choix multiple MCKP. Nous calculons une borne supérieure pour le MMKPaux et nous établissons le résultat théorique pour lequel une borne supérieure pour le MMKPaux est une borne supérieure pour le MMKP. D'autre part, nous proposons le calcul d'une borne supérieure ainsi qu'une borne inférieure de départ pour le problème étudié qui sont nécessaires pour la réduction de l'espace de recherche. L'étude expérimentale montre l'efficacité de la méthode proposée sur différents groupes d'instances de petite et moyenne taille.
Nous expliquons enfin pourquoi cet algorithme exact atteint ses limites de résolution, dˆues
principalement à la complexité intrinsèque du modèle étudié. D'autant la résolution dépend de
la taille et la densité des instances traitées.
Bailleux, Olivier. "Contribution à l'étude des paysages de recherche locale associés au problème SAT". Dijon, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996DIJOS005.
Texto completoBoughaci, Dalila. "Recherche locale et méthodes évolutives pour les problèmes MAX-SAT et PDG". Aix-Marseille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX11064.
Texto completoBouchakhchoukha, Adel. "Modèles de résolution approchée et efficace pour les problèmes des réseaux de transport et de télécommunication". Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010046.
Texto completoThe need to save time as well as minimize effort is part of the human condition and it has driven our though s from antiquity until these last few decades, now characterized by the emergence of a mix in all fields between rapidity of calculation and precision in the result. The vehicle routing problem and its extensions are an important field for theorists of these utilities for real-world applications. Recent research in the field has led to significant advantages in problem formulation and designing algorithm analyses. This study considers logistics problems. A particular locus was given to a certain case of telecommunications networks 2ECONNDPR, as well as the method of intelligently creating designs to ensure vitality and durability in information circulation. Furthermore, the study considered vehicle routing problems, with time windows and orienteering problems from the VRP and OP families, respectively. This is the framework for this thesis. Solutions to these problems use programming techniques known for their calculation speed, i .e ., Beam-search and very large-scale neighborhood searching. First, a detailed study is presented of these above mentioned problems, along with the various types or resolution methods. Next, a very large-scale neighborhood search method is presented, suited to the design of a survivable network with relay, a proposition for a three-stage heuristic for the capacitated vehicle routing problem with time windows and, finally, a proposition for a hybrid heuristic for the team orienteering problem
Duvivier, David. "Étude de l'hybridation des méta-heuristiques, application à un problème d'ordonnancement de type jobshop". Phd thesis, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008729.
Texto completoPlus que les performances en elles-mêmes, nous nous intéressons tout particulièrement à la compréhension du fonctionnement des méthodes de résolution ainsi qu'à l'analyse de l'influence de la coopération de plusieurs méthodes de recherche sur la qualité des solutions engendrées.
Dans un premier temps, nous évaluons l'apport de critères secondaires intégrés dans la fonction coût. Nous utilisons des algorithmes itératifs de recherche pour étudier l'impact de l'intégration de ces critères sur le paysage adaptatif ainsi que sur la qualité des ordonnancements engendrés.
Nous proposons ensuite quelques améliorations du schéma d'application des opérateurs dans les algorithmes génétiques.
Finalement, nous étudions quelques modèles d'hybridation des méta-heuristiques basés sur la recherche tabou et les algorithmes évolutifs.
Wilbaut, Christophe. "Heuristiques hybrides pour la résolution de problèmes en variables 0-1 mixtes". Phd thesis, Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambresis, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00409493.
Texto completoChauvin, Sophie. "Visualisations heuristiques pour la recherche et l'exploration de données dynamiques : l'art informationnel en tant que révélateur de sens". Paris 8, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA083708.
Texto completoIn spite of the information retrieval systems performance, the electronic document production generate cognitive and information overload and disorientation. The heuristic potential of visualization gives encouraging perspectives on ability to synthesize research results, to reveal global relevance and to highlight disciplinary perception. However, precepts of visual communication and information design come up against the specific problematic of end-users perception and their multiple profiles in information use. This thesis introduce perspectives of information art as part of an instrumentalized social mediation process to improve textual retrieval system. An experiment developed within Paris 8 University library on bibliographical datas provided this research problematic
Chauvin, Sophie Balpe Jean-Pierre. "Visualisations heuristiques pour la recherche et l'exploration de données dynamiques l'art informationnel en tant que révélateur de sens /". Saint-Denis : Université de Paris VIII, 2006. http://www.bu.univ-paris8.fr/web/collections/theses/SChauvin2.pdf.
Texto completoLouvel, Séverine. "La construction locale des laboratoires : approche ethnographique de dynamiques d'évolution de laboratoires académiques en France". Grenoble 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005GRE29019.
Texto completoBekele, Araya-Yohannes. "L'utilisation des lasers de faible puissance en thérapie réflexe et en thérapie locale". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2002. http://www.enssib.fr/bibliotheque/documents/dessride/rrbaraya.pdf.
Texto completoBerrada, Mohamed. "Une approche variationnelle de l'inversion : de la recherche locale à la recherche globale par carte topologique : application en inversion géoacoustique". Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066016.
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