Tesis sobre el tema "Hesci"
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Müller-Kelwing, Karin. "Michael Hesch". Böhlau Verlag, 2020. https://slub.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A75086.
Texto completoHesch, Christian [Verfasser]. "Dynamics of continua with interfaces / Christian Hesch". Siegen : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Siegen, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1036776441/34.
Texto completoChong, Tsz-yat Ian y 莊子逸. "Inducing the progressive differentiation of hESCs into pancreatic progenitor cells". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/196433.
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Biochemistry
Master
Master of Philosophy
Hesch, Christian [Verfasser]. "Mechanische Integratoren für Kontaktvorgänge deformierbarer Körper unter großen Verzerrungen / Christian Hesch". Siegen : Universitätsbibliothek Siegen, 2008. http://d-nb.info/999228978/34.
Texto completoKukuczková, Anna. "Vnitřní procesy herce". Master's thesis, Akademie múzických umění v Praze.Hudební a taneční fakulta. Knihovna, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-369707.
Texto completoMurray, Karen T., Carolyn S. Merriman y Carolyn Adamson. "Use of the HESI Admission Assessment to Predict Student Success". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2008. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8518.
Texto completoHamidi, Sofiane. "Etudes de la monocytopoïèse issue de cellules hESC ou iPSC". Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA077266.
Texto completoMy work was focused on the monocyte and macrophage lineages. We have shown that Monocyte/macrophage derived from ES cells are cells extremely specialized in tissue remodeling, pro-angiogenesis and immune suppression but with low inflammatory potential. I have investigated the characteristics of monocytes/macrophages from iPS. Those monocyte/macrophage were quite similar to hESC derived, but exhibited more inflammatory potential suggesting some incomplete reprogrammation during derivation of IPS. We hypothesize that the decrease or absence of inflammatory potential of the monocyte/macrophages could be related to a decrease activation of the JAK2/STAT pathway induced by IFN-y and GM-CSF, two cytokines implicated in MI polarization. In this purpose we derive iPS from patient harboring the JAK2V617F mutation, a gain of fonction mutation associated with myéloproliférative neoplasm. In preliminary results, no significant differences were observed in the polarization of JAK2V617F or JAK2WT monocyte/Macrophages derived from IPS. Furthermore we found that IFN-y was capable to normally induce STAT1 activation in these cells suggesting that the blockage in inflammatory response is downstream STAT1 and may be related to epigenetic regulation of inflammatory gens. Finally I have obtained preliminary results showing that JAK2V617F may induce independence to bFGF of the pluripotent iPSC, a result very similar to those reported by Griffiths and al on JAK2V617F mESC who could maintain their pluripotent phenotype without addition of LIF. This was not related to the induction of the canonical STAT pathway but to an effect of nuclear JAK2 on the epigenetic regulation of Nanog
Roleček, Vít. "Herec a strach". Master's thesis, Akademie múzických umění v Praze.Divadelní fakulta. Knihovna, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-263138.
Texto completoKřivánková, Jindřiška. "Současný herec v mimickém divadle". Master's thesis, Akademie múzických umění v Praze.Hudební a taneční fakulta. Knihovna, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-177936.
Texto completoSitková, Kristina. "Herec a monolog". Master's thesis, Akademie múzických umění v Praze.Divadelní fakulta. Knihovna, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-202472.
Texto completoGrella, Alexandra R. "A mechanism for the FGF2-mediated down-regulation of integrin alpha-11 identified through studying altered adhesome of human dermal fibroblasts undergoing early Mesenchymal-to-Epithelial Transition". Digital WPI, 2015. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-dissertations/53.
Texto completoPeck-Janssen, Shannon Marie. "Animal Husbandry at Tell el Hesi (Israel): Results from Zooarchaeological and Isotopic Analysis". [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0001437.
Texto completoLourenço, Paula Cristina Costa. "Exploration of androgen action in the human endometrium". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/25872.
Texto completoCorreia, Cláudia Susana Pedreira. "Microencapsulation technology: a powerful tool for human embryonic stem cells expansion and cryopreservation". Master's thesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/5396.
Texto completoHuman embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are known by their ability to either self-renewal and differentiate into any adult cell type. These properties confer to hESCs a huge applicability for cell therapy, tissue engineering and drug screening. However, successful implementation of hESCs-based technologies requires the production of large numbers of well characterized cells and their efficient long-term storage. In this study, alginate microencapsulation technology was used in order to develop an efficient, scalable and integrated 3D culture system for expansion and cryopreservation of pluripotent hESCs. Three strategies were outlined: microencapsulation of hESCs as single cells, cell aggregates and cells immobilized on microcarriers. Encapsulation of hESCs immobilized on microcarriers was the best strategy to expand and cryopreserve pluripotent hESCs. The culture of encapsulated hESCs-microcarriers in spinner vessels assured an approximately 20-fold increase in cell concentration. Moreover, this strategy improved twice cell survival after cryopreservation by a slow-freezing rate procedure, comparatively with non-encapsulated culture. Microencapsulation also protected hESC aggregates from damage caused by stirring, allowed the control of aggregates size and the maintenance of cells pluripotency for two weeks. This work demonstrates that microencapsulation technology is a powerful tool to enhance growth and post-thawing recovery of pluripotent hESCs. The 3D culture systems developed herein represent a promising vehicle to assist the transition of hESCs to the clinical and industrial fields.
This work was performed in the scope of the project - Integrated strategy for expansion, neuronal differentiation and cryopreservation of human embryonic stem cells (PTDC/BIO/72755/2006) funded by FCT (Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia)
Osnato, Anna. "Transcriptional networks variations during cell cycle progression in human embryonic stem cells". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/276271.
Texto completoHrzina, Václav. "Serge Reggiani, důležitost nenápadnosti". Master's thesis, Akademie múzických umění v Praze.Filmová a televizní fakulta. Knihovna, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-261612.
Texto completoOlšovský, Lumír. "Přístupy a možnosti inscenování zábavněhudebního divadla v současných českých podmínkách". Master's thesis, Akademie múzických umění v Praze.Divadelní fakulta. Knihovna, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-252285.
Texto completoCollier, Claiborne. "The Developmental Effect of Human Embryoid Bodies (hEB) Under Dynamic Culturing Conditions Using a Perfusion Based Slow Turning Lateral Vessel (STLV) Bioreactor". VCU Scholars Compass, 2009. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1666.
Texto completoManchev, Vladimir. "Pathogenesis in two inherited thrombocytopenias : PRKACG-related disease and FPD/AML". Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC201.
Texto completoIn this work we study the pathogenesis in two distinct inherited thrombocytopenias (IT). We started by the identification of the genetic abnormality causing a new IT. This IT is transmitted in an autosomal recessive manner and is associated with severe bleeding phenotype, a defect in the cytoskeleton reorganization, decreased proplatelet formation, and deficiency in platelet activation. Using exome sequencing, we identified a new homozygous mutation in the PRKACG gene. This gene encodes a γ-catalytic sub-unit of the PKA, and the mutation leads to loss of function. We show that the PRKACG mutation is associated with a marked defect in proplatelet formation and a low level in filamin A in megakaryocytes. We confirm that the thrombocytopenia is due to mutation in the PRKACG gene since the overexpression of WT PRKACG reverses the phenotype observed in patients in vitro. We also studied FPD/AML — IT caused by RUNX1 mutations. Some mutations also predispose to leukemia, and to understand how, we generated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from 2 pedigrees with germline mutations. One carries a R1 74Q mutation, which acts as a dominant-negative (DN) and is associated with thrombocytopenia and leukemia; the second carries a monoallelic gene deletion inducing a haploinsufficiency, which causes only thrombocytopenia. The study of hematopoiesis from these iPSC clones demonstrated profound defects in erythropoiesis and megakaryopoiesis and deregulated expression of RUNX1 targets. Only progenitors from DN iPSC clones showed an increased amount of granulo/mono-cytes, a phenotype reproduced by an 80% RUNX1 knockdown in the H9 human embryonic stem cell line, and a genomic instability
Gaobotse, Goabaone. "The expression and regulation of genes correlating with human Embryonic Stem Cell (hESC) pluripotency and self-renewal". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-expression-and-regulation-of-genes-correlating-with-human-embryonic-stem-cell-hesc-pluripotency-and-selfrenewal(f1f4ba87-e741-4291-b60e-cc1ed9fc24c7).html.
Texto completoCERNIGOJ, MANUEL. "INVESTIGATING THE IMMEDIATE CONSEQUENCES OF NORMAL AND MUTANT HTT LOSS IN HD-HESC THROUGH THE DTAG SYSTEM". Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/818160.
Texto completoPetřeková, Adéla. "Interakce herecké postavy". Master's thesis, Akademie múzických umění v Praze.Divadelní fakulta. Knihovna, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-173056.
Texto completoJansová, Eliška. "Herectví na jevišti a před kamerou". Master's thesis, Akademie múzických umění v Praze.Divadelní fakulta. Knihovna, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-263139.
Texto completoHesch, Michael [Verfasser] y S. [Akademischer Betreuer] Berninghaus. "Experimental Economics and Policy Design : How to Deter Cartelization, Impede Collusion and Suppress Illegitimate Behavior / Michael Hesch. Betreuer: S. Berninghaus". Karlsruhe : KIT-Bibliothek, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1027531067/34.
Texto completoYamauchi, Kaori. "Cardiomyocytes develop from anterior primitive streak cells induced by β-catenin activation and the blockage of BMP signaling in hESCs". Kyoto University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/142556.
Texto completoLucendo, Villarin Baltasar. "Stabilisation of hepatocyte phenotype using synthetic materials". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/22059.
Texto completoHacurová, Eva. "Psychosomatika a slovní jednání". Master's thesis, Akademie múzických umění v Praze.Divadelní fakulta. Knihovna, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-263342.
Texto completoAdamová, Marie. "TERRA HISTRIONIS: ZKOUMÁNÍ HERECKÉHO UMĚNÍ". Master's thesis, Akademie múzických umění v Praze.Divadelní fakulta. Knihovna, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-364423.
Texto completoMarshall, Connie. "Pre-Entrance Factors and Student Success in an A.A.S. Nursing Program". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3835.
Texto completoGravel, Tammy Lee. "Predicting Certification Success for the Family Nurse Practitioner". ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5341.
Texto completoBonaventura, Gabriele. "New analytical scenarios and new approaches in the embryonic genetic investigation of the macromolecular alterations responsible for the neurodegenerative diseases". Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/1534.
Texto completoBuckner, Martha M., Mary S. Dietrich, Carolyn Merriman y Jennifer Peterson Keeley. "Identifying at-Risk Nursing Students Using a Midcurricular Examination". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8516.
Texto completoWang, Chengtao. "Assessment of the Occurrence and Potential Effects of Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products in South Florida Waters and Sediments". FIU Digital Commons, 2012. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/689.
Texto completoWeinryb, Noomi. "Free to Conform : A Comparative Study of Philanthropists’ Accountability". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-251281.
Texto completoBargehr, Johannes. "The role of human embryonic stem cell-derived epicardium in myocardial graft development". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/276112.
Texto completoAlbert, Kelsey Morgan. "Microporous Membrane-based Co-culture of Human Embryonic Stem Cells". VCU Scholars Compass, 2007. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd_retro/161.
Texto completoPříhodová, Tereza. "Plechový bubínek - Postava dítěte jako zrcadlo revolty, revoluce a války". Master's thesis, Akademie múzických umění v Praze.Filmová a televizní fakulta. Knihovna, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-172868.
Texto completoBishop, Patricia Jean. "The Use of Preprogram and Within-Program Cognitive Attributes to Predict Midprogram Outcomes in Baccalaureate Nursing Education". University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1374966045.
Texto completoKhadun, Shalinee. "The support of undifferentiated human embryonic stem cell lines by different matrices". Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/14447.
Texto completoKhoja, Suhail. "HSV-1 amplicon system for human artificial chromosome formation in human ES/iPS cells and pluripotency induction". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:6b04170b-f2d9-4114-9511-05a1a98ccfec.
Texto completoLawrence, Mitchell Graham. "Crosstalk between developmental and tumour-specific signalling pathways : kallikrein-related serine peptidases and nodal in prostrate cancer". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2009. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/37184/1/Mitchell_Lawrence_Thesis.pdf.
Texto completoHrnečková, Anna. "Dramatizace větších epických celků určené dětskému herci". Master's thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-313684.
Texto completoGouveia, António Pedro Araújo. "Hypertrophy modeling using HESC - Derived Cardiomyocytes". Master's thesis, 2014. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/84712.
Texto completoGouveia, António Pedro Araújo. "Hypertrophy modeling using HESC - Derived Cardiomyocytes". Dissertação, 2014. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/84712.
Texto completoSousa, André Filipe Santos. "Generation and characterization of functional sensory neurons from hESCs and hiPSCs". Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/33508.
Texto completoThe lack of access to the neuronal tissue, limited our understanding about its development and physiology of pain in humans. Therefore, the generation of functional human sensory neurons for disease modelling, drug screening and clinical applications is an urgent and unmet need. Nociceptors are the sensory neurons related to sense the pain, characterized by the presence of transient receptor potential channels which have sensory functions linked to transduction of noxious stimuli as well as signalling within the pain system. In this thesis, we first characterized the nociceptors generated from induced pluripotent stem cell with a protocol developed on the laboratory, comparing it to a protocol described by Young et al., 2014. We used techniques as real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and staining to check the neuronal phenotyping of the cells generated, as well as calcium imaging as a functional assay, to test about the functionality of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, in order to characterize the neurons generated. We showed that only after 50 days of differentiation with both protocols we can have functional mature sensory neurons, with transient receptor potential cation channel sub family V, member 1 and transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A, member 1 being activated. Moreover, the best results were achieved with the adapted protocol. Next, we focused on different approaches to improve the differentiation protocol. Changing cell line and replating dilution, did not enhance the protocol. Hence, we next hypothesized that current hurdles to speed up differentiation might be overcome by overexpression of key transcription factors involved in the sensory neurons differentiation: PR domain 12, brain-specific homeobox 3A, insulin gene enhancer and kruppel-link zinc finger transcription factor. A technique used on the laboratory, recombinase-mediated cassette exchange, was employed to generate two cell lines, one overexpressing PRDM12 and the other overexpressing ISL1-BRN3A-KLF7. We proved that in the new cell lines, the transcription factors were being correctly overexpressed, and collectively our results demonstrate that overexpressing PRDM12 improves the homogeneity of the cells generated. Further studies are required to evidence the impact of this new cell lines on the upgrading of the differentiation protocol. This work will open new opportunities for investigating in vitro disease modelling and evaluation of pharmacological responds to pain research.
A falta de acesso ao tecido neuronal limita o nosso conhecimento acerca do seu desenvolvimento e da fisiologia da dor nos humanos. Portanto, a geração de neurónios sensoriais humanos funcionais de forma à criação de modelos de doenças relacionadas com a dor, triagem de drogas e aplicações clinicas é uma necessidade urgente e não atendida. Os nociceptors são os neurónios sensoriais responsáveis por receber o estímulo da dor, caracterizados pela presença dos TRP channels que têm funções sensoriais na medida em que estão ligados à transdução de estímulos nocivos assim como à sinalização dentro do sistema da dor. Nesta tese, primeiramente caracterizamos os nociceptors gerados a partir de células estaminais recorrendo a um protocolo desenvolvido no nosso laboratório, comparando-o a um protocolo descrito por Young et al., 2014. Foram usadas técnicas como qRT-PCR e staining, de forma a conferirmos o fenótipo neuronal das células geradas, assim como calcium imaging como um teste funcional acerca da atividade dos TRP channels com o objetivo de caracterizarmos os neurónios gerados. Aqui, demonstramos que apenas após 50 dias de diferenciação com ambos protocolos conseguimos obter neurónios sensoriais maduros funcionais, com a ativação de TRPV1 e TRPA1. Ainda, o protocolo adaptado no laboratório teve melhores resultados. De seguida, focamo-nos nas várias formas de melhorarmos o protocolo de diferenciação. Mudar a linha celular usada e a diluição na fase de replating não aperfeiçoou o protocolo. Sendo assim, supomos que as barreiras em conseguir uma diferenciação mais rápida podiam ser ultrapassadas pelo aumento de expressão de fatores de transcrição envolvidas na diferenciação de neurónios sensoriais: PRDM12, BRN3A, ISL1 e KLF7. Uma técnica usada no laboratório, RMCE, foi usada de forma a gerar duas linhas celulares, uma com o aumento de expressão de PRDM12, e a outra com o aumento de expressão de ISL1, BRN3A e KLF7. Neste trabalho provamos que as novas linhas celulares estavam de facto com a expressão aumentada dos fatores de transcrição inseridos, e os nossos resultados demonstram que o aumento de expressão de PRDM12 contribuiu para o melhoramento da homogeneidade das células geradas. Futuros estudos têm de ser feitos de forma a evidenciar o impacto destas duas novas linhas celulares no aprimoramento do protocolo de diferenciação. Este trabalho vai abrir novas oportunidades para a investigação in vitro de modelos de doenças e a avaliação de respostas farmacológicas na investigação da dor.
Starobová, Eva. ""a všichni lidé pouze herci" Aplikace teorie her na romány Jane Austenové". Master's thesis, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-291461.
Texto completoWulandari, Hesti R. T. [Verfasser]. "Study on neutron induced background in the dark matter experiment CRESST / Hesti R. T. Wulandari". 2003. http://d-nb.info/969392664/34.
Texto completoHrdličková, Klára. "Evropsko - právní úprava patentů vědy a výzkumu". Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-323507.
Texto completoAnton, Elaine P. "St. John's Harbour 5 (HeCi-30) and an examination of Groswater and early Dorset relationships in Labrador /". 2004.
Buscar texto completoWasylik, Przemysław. "Prawnokarne i bioetyczne aspekty zastosowania zarodkowych komórek macierzystych w medycynie". Doctoral thesis, 2019. https://depotuw.ceon.pl/handle/item/3587.
Texto completoResearch with human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) is highly debated, evoking strong opinions from all sectors of society. Both sides of the debate are interested in protecting human life, so why are their views so conflicted? It comes down to how the human blastocyst is viewed. Some people see destroying a blastocyst for its cells as destroying an unborn child. Others feel that a blastocyst does not constitute a human life, because unless a blastocyst embeds in the uterus wall, it will never have the chance to develop into a baby. So which moral principle has the upper hand in this situation? The answer hinges on how we view the embryo. Does it have the status of a person? The main viewpoints are outlined below: 1. the embryo has full moral status from fertilisation on wards; 2. Human status is not attained until 14 days post fertilisation; 3. the embryo has increasing status as it develops; 4. the embryo has no moral status at all. Different religions view the status of the early human embryo in different ways. For example, the Roman Catholic church believes the embryo has the status of a human from conception and no embryo research should be permitted. Other religions take a different stance. Judaism and Islam emphasise the importance of helping others and argue that the embryo does not have full human status before 40 days, so both these religions permit some research on embryos. It forces us to choose between two moral dilemmas: the duty to prevent or alleviate suffering (the early embryo has to be destroyed but could potentially aid the discovery of new medical treatments that would alleviate the suffering of many people) or the duty to respect the value of human life. A natural question is where does the middle ground lie? This is where discussion is vitally important. Debates and discussions about the moral and ethical status of hESCs help establish the rules and regulations that govern scientific research and the development of medical treatments utilising stem cells. In reference to hESCs cells, the main intention was to analyze legal mechanisms that were created in Poland to regulate this issue and attempt to assess their effectiveness. While simultaneously reviewing international standards as a means to compare and contrast. The main issues surrounding the use of hESCs cells was supplemented with a discussion of national regulations (and their sources) regarding the protection of the human life and the right to abortion. Standards were analysed, including the regional system of human rights protection (in particular those arising from the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Human Dignity in relation to the applications of Biology and Medicine). Admittedly, The Bioethical Convention does not apply in Poland or in any of the legal systems that have formed the basis of the comparative legal analysis. However its provisions are so important that they cannot be omitted (see: art. 18 Convention). European Union documents as well as selected judgements of the CJEU were also taken into account. Additionally, legal regulations related to special types of medicinal products based on hESCs - Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products (ATMP) were reviewed. Key issues are discussed in the last chapter, which is the most extensive part of the thesis. It contains existing analysis and legal status in Poland, as well as comparing laws adopted in selected countries (Britain and Germany respectively) pertaining to IVF. Due to the fact that therapy with hESCs cells is still considered a medical experiment, de lege lata postulates separating innovative therapy and experimental therapy in Polish law, assuming that, contrary to appearances, they are not synonymous. The comparative analysis revealed that while the legal status of the human embryo is different in each country. There is a clear tendency to treat it, at least in its initial stage of development as a carrier of genetic information rather than a separate human entity. However, there is a general consensus that the human embryo has a special place in the field of law. Giving it greater value than tissue fragments or other biological materials of human origin, but smaller than that attributed to a fully developed human being. Therefore, it is reasonable to say that the law does not have to qualify the legal status of an embryo, but should clearly define what can and cannot be done with it at particular stages of its development. In the dissertation, it was found that the national law of the countries studied, and especially international law, regulates the title issue in a minimal and often indirect way. A similar situation occurs in Poland, as there are no regulations that would comprehensively regulate the manner of dealing with hESCs. Some information on this subject is provided to us by the Act on Infertility Treatment. The provisions of this law criminalize (in the context of IVF procedure) the destruction of an embryo capable of proper development (art. 83). They can be used for medical tests/research requiring hESCS. It can be assumed that unless the hESCs are taken from the germ node, it will not be destroyed, this act will not be criminalized. For example, you can point to the so-called Transplant Act, the provisions of which explicitly exclude hESCs from its scope (art. 1.2). The consequence of such an exclusion is among others, the fact that there is no special body in Poland that would directly supervise research using this type of biological material. The possible admissibility of research on embryonic stem cells in Poland can also be attributed to the Penal Code relating to the protection of the beginnings of human life and regulations regarding scientific experiments. Comparative legal research has shown that a completely different legal picture prevails in Germany. Pursuant to the ESchG Act, any research on embryos obtained by the in vitro method and originating from national health centers was prohibited, as opposed to tests performed on embryos transported from foreign centers. The regulations of this law are characterized by a certain hypocrisy of German legislation (since the ban applies only to embryos established in Germany), but at the same time testify to its pragmatism. This prohibition does not apply to embryos in the pronucleus stage. Different regulations apply in the United Kingdom, where according to HFEAct 1990 and 2008 and the Regulation on Human Fertilization and Embryology of 2001, both the use of surplus embryos and their creation specifically for research purposes is allowed, but not later than 14 days on their development.