Tesis sobre el tema "HEALTH EU"
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Nováková, Veronika. "eHealth -- Elektronické zdravotnictví v rámci EU". Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-75866.
Texto completoBengtsson, Fredrik y Martin Svanberg. "Toothwhit"eu"ning". Thesis, Malmö högskola, Odontologiska fakulteten (OD), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-19960.
Texto completoAimTo investigate the effects and adverse events of tooth whitening performed on children with permanent teeth by the use of products containing or releasing hydrogen peroxide. This was made considering children affected by objectively and subjectively observed tooth discolorations in purpose to consolidate existing research and compare it to the EU directives established 2012.Search strategiesA systematic search of the literature was conducted using the databases Medline, Cochrane, Embase and Scopus. Only studies published in English, Swedish, Danish and Norwegian were included. Selection criteriaThe selection criteria aimed to include studies performed on patients under the age of 18, using whitening products containing or releasing hydrogen peroxide. The bleaching process had to be performed in vivo on permanent teeth. Case reports were included only to be separately reviewed looking for severe side effects and adverse events.ResultsA total of 214 articles were identified and 13 met the inclusion criteria. Four papers were judged to have a low risk of bias, eight a moderate risk and one a high risk of bias. Most studies were performed on mild discolorations while they lacked in necessary follow-up times.ConclusionThere are not enough studies evaluating the effect of using hydrogen peroxide to bleach more severe discolorations on individuals under 18 years old. A limited number of studies showed some support for bleaching with hydrogen peroxide on mild tooth discolorations. Parallel to this, the included studies demonstrated a high number of mild and transient adverse events. Until proven otherwise, the lack of studies gives some ethical support to the EU-directives established 2012.
Hysková, Ivana. "Health care expenditure in the EU countries: A panel data approach". Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-135904.
Texto completoNixon, John. "Convergence : an analysis of European Union (EU) health care systems, 1960-95". Thesis, University of York, 2002. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/10814/.
Texto completoGassner, Ulrich M. "Blockchain in EU e-health - blocked by the barrier of data protection?" Universität Leipzig, 2018. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A32043.
Texto completoRocha, Luanna dos Santos. "“Eu te benzo, eu te curo”: saberes e práticas de benzedeiras de Maceió-AL". Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 2014. http://www.repositorio.ufal.br/handle/riufal/1495.
Texto completoCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
O presente trabalho, a partir de abordagem qualitativa descritiva exploratória, buscou compreender os saberes e práticas de benzedeiras no município de Maceió-AL, considerando os componentes de cura e cuidado desses saberes e práticas, bem como o papel social desempenhado por estas em sua relação com a comunidade e com o sistema oficial de saúde. Constituem-se sujeitos do estudo benzedeiras que atuam na cidade de Maceió-AL. A coleta dos dados foi realizada por meio de entrevistas narrativas, sendo a análise das mesmas respaldada em análise de conteúdo, na modalidade temática, a qual consta de três etapas: pré- análise, exploração do material e tratamento e interpretação dos resultados. Emergiram no estudo cinco núcleos temáticos, que foram descritos e analisados (segundo referenciais da área de saúde e antropologia), a saber: 1) Saúde e doença: compreensões e aproximações ao universo das benzedeiras; 2) Cura, cuidado e cultura: interseções entre os saberes e os fazeres das benzedeiras; 3) Um caminho de fé: a benzeção como dom, aprendizado, desenvolvimento espiritual e sabedoria; 4) Múltiplas relações entre as benzedeiras e a comunidade; e 5) Aproximações e distanciamentos entre as benzedeiras e o sistema oficial de saúde. Os resultados alcançados neste estudo permitiram a compreensão dos saberes e práticas das benzedeiras como expressão popular, significativa e singular dos modos de se pensar e fazer saúde. Enquanto registro sistemático das narrativas de benzedeiras sobre seus fazeres e saberes, entendemos que este estudo contribui para a preservação da memória popular e para a construção social de mentalidade que incorpore os saberes e as práticas tradicionais populares de saúde como componentes eficazes do leque de práticas saúde de forma geral.
Rieder, Clemens M. "Cementing solidarity in EU health care law : the role of rights and the ECJ". Thesis, University of Reading, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.559258.
Texto completoFries, Axel y Sofia Haraldsson. "Upplevelse av hälsa hos hemlösa EU-migranter från Rumänien". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för folkhälso- och vårdvetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-270879.
Texto completoMigration within the European Union has increased in recent years, this has also affected the migration to Sweden, homeless EU-migrants who are often socially vulnerable are now an occurring sight in the city. Health can be experienced in different ways and it is important to study this group's experiences of health since few previous studies have focused on this topic. The study's aim was to explore how EU-migrants experience health. A qualitative method has been used where data consisted of semi-structured interviews and content analysis resulted in three categories: Experiences of health, Experiences of illness, and Experiences of social and economic vulnerability. Study participants experienced good health mainly as the absence of disease and the ability to work, illness was perceived primarily as a feeling of disease, fatigue and pain. Suffering from mental illness was perceived as worse than suffering from physical illness. Lack of medical insurance was described by participants as being excluded from healthcare and was perceived as difficult. The study results are useful for health professionals in the caring for homeless EU migrants.
Křížová, Jana. "Úmrtnost na kardiovaskulární onemocnění v ČR a vybraných zemích EU". Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-162887.
Texto completoMajewski, Katarzyna M. "Legitimacy, community and citizenship in the EU, building social citizenship through health care in the European Union". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ63335.pdf.
Texto completoNakatani, Janete. "PRIMEIRO EU: empoderamento de Agentes Comunitários para o protagonismo na promoção da Saúde". Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2014. http://tedebc.ufma.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/1223.
Texto completoThe Community Health Agent in the family health strategy and its competence or lack thereof, in the development of health promotion actions, has been the focus of constant reflections and studies. Whereas competence as: "knowing, know-how and knowing how to be", we observe that these professionals are so diseased as those whom they propose to handle. Believing it to be possible to empower them to better care for themselves, consequently, making it the best caretakers of others, we proposed the intervention- -"First I: empowerment of community agents for the role in health promotion". An opportunity to stop, look at you, analyze your actions and conceptions of the cuddle up, reflecting on health promotion, rebuilding and resignificando knowledge and individual supremacy. Participated in this intervention, 13 ACS members of two teams of the family health strategy the Health Center Dr. Antonio Guanaré, located in the sanitary district, municipality of São Luís Coroadinho, MA. We held six meetings, with five of them leadership workshops, named: I and my belly button; I Me Hunter; Behold and Watch all of you; Mirror, mirror, there's no better Caregiver of Me than me?; D-day I. In these workshops, active methodologies have been proposed such as: interviews, group dynamics, dispersion and construction activities of individual records in logbooks. The most obvious results of this craving to experience different, perceived in the logs and observed behaviors, was the expansion of self knowledge and reflection of the situation of individual health and its relationship with the leading role in health promotion, the need to plan better and plan for the care of themselves with the details of time and frequency of execution, the construction of an individual care plan based on survey and mapping of risks and co-morbidities.
O protagonismo do Agente Comunitário de Saúde na Estratégia Saúde da Família e sua competência ou a falta dela, no desenvolvimento das ações de promoção da saúde, tem sido foco de constantes reflexões e estudos. Considerando competência como: "saber, saber-fazer e saber ser", observamos que estes profissionais estão tão adoecidos quanto aqueles a quem se propõem cuidar. Acreditando ser possível empoderá-los para melhor cuidar de si, consequentemente, tornando-os melhores cuidadores dos outros, propusemos a intervenção - "Primeiro Eu: empoderamento de Agentes Comunitários para o protagonismo na promoção da saúde". Uma oportunidade de parar, olhar para si, analisar suas ações e concepções sobre o cuidar-se, refletindo sobre a promoção da saúde, reconstruindo e resignificando conhecimentos e protagonismos. Participaram desta intervenção, 13 ACS integrantes das duas equipes da Estratégia Saúde da Família do Centro de Saúde Dr. Antonio Guanaré, localizado no distrito sanitário do Coroadinho, município de São Luís, MA. Realizamos seis encontros, sendo cinco deles oficinas de protagonismo, nomeadas: Eu e o Meu Umbigo; Eu Caçador de Mim; Olhai e Vigiai Todos Vós; Espelho, Espelho Meu, Existe Melhor Cuidador de Mim do que Eu?; e Dia D EU. Nestas oficinas, foram propostas metodologias ativas tais como: entrevistas, dinâmicas de grupo, atividades de dispersão e construção de registros individuais em diários de bordo. Os resultados mais evidentes desta experiência de protagonismos diversos, percebidos nos registros e comportamentos observados, foi a ampliação do autoconhecimento e a reflexão da situação de saúde individual e sua relação com o protagonismo na promoção da saúde, a necessidade de se programar melhor e planejar o cuidado de si com o detalhamento de tempo e frequência de execução, a construção de um plano de cuidados individual fundamentado no levantamento e mapeamento de riscos e co - morbidades.
Nilsson, Anna-Lena, Graham H. Turner, Haaris Sheikh y Robyn Dean. "A Prescription for Change: Report on EU Healthcare Provision for Deaf Sign Language Users". Stockholms universitet, Avdelningen för teckenspråk, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-86261.
Texto completoMEDISIGNS
Silva, Fernanda Machado da. ""HIPERTENSÃO: EU APRENDI A VIVER COM ELA" - RELATOS DO SABER CONSTRUÍDO COMO EMANCIPAÇÃO DOS SUJEITOS". Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2010. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/7327.
Texto completoSystemic Arterial Hypertension (SAH) is presented as an important problem of public health, in the national and world scenery, for its epidemiologic and social relevance, evidenced by the high prevalence, by the indexes of mortality and by the fragility in the life of its bearers. Among the public policies for the SAH control, the education in health has been pointed out as a tool for social health promotion. Lined in the health promotion, the educational process in health, as a social practice, brings up a concern with the emancipation development of the subjects faced with the health/disease/care, in an individual and collective environment. It is a qualitative research, of the observational and descriptive type, whose objective was to know how the education in health influences in the lives of bearers of SAH, accompanied by a family health team. For the data collecting a semi-structured interview, document observation and analysis, in the period from February to August 2009 were used. Nine people bearers of SAH participated in the research, accompanied by Urlandia Family Health Team. The data underwent the theme analysis proposed by Minayo, from which four analytical categories emerged. It was observed that the interview, carried out in the home environment, enabled a moment of reflection to the subjects, what allowed that they reassessed and re-elaborated their conceptions about the meaning of the SAH and how they manage their lives towards the chronicity . This reflection was permeated by the way they noticed or experienced the health/disease/care process, lined in their life experiences in the social-cultural context to which they belong. Thus, it was evidenced that it pervaded in the speeches of the subjects the reflexes of their own health education, in relation to what they understand, how they live and manage their lives, in the living with SAH. With that, this study revealed that the repercussion of education in health, in the lives of these people, was intimately articulated with their conceptions and attitudes about this action and with the position taken by them towards their health/disease/care process. It is understood, thus, that the knowledge in health, built in the education actions in health represents the first step in the emancipation process of the subjects.
A Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica (HAS) apresenta-se como um importante problema de saúde pública, no cenário nacional e mundial, por sua relevância epidemiológica e social, evidenciada pela alta prevalência, pelos índices de morbimortalidade e pela fragilidade na qualidade de vida de seus portadores. Dentre as políticas públicas para o controle da HAS, a educação em saúde tem sido apontada como uma ferramenta para promoção social de saúde. Pautado na promoção da saúde, o processo educativo em saúde, como prática social, traz uma preocupação com o desenvolvimento da emancipação dos sujeitos frente ao processo saúde/doença/cuidado, em âmbito individual e coletivo. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, do tipo observacional e descritivo, cujo objetivo foi conhecer como a educação em saúde influencia na vida das pessoas portadoras de HAS, acompanhadas por uma equipe de saúde da família. Para coleta de dados utilizou-se a entrevista semiestruturada, observação e análise documental, no período de fevereiro a agosto de 2009. Foram participantes desta pesquisa nove pessoas portadoras de HAS, acompanhadas pela Equipe de Saúde da Família Urlândia. Os dados foram submetidos à análise temática proposta por Minayo, da qual emergiram quatro categorias analíticas. Observou-se que a entrevista, realizada no ambiente domiciliar, proporcionou um momento de reflexão aos sujeitos, o que permitiu que reavaliassem e reelaborassem suas concepções acerca do significado da HAS e sobre como administram suas vidas frente à cronicidade . Essa reflexão foi permeada pela forma como percebiam e vivenciavam o processo saúde/doença/cuidado, pautados nas suas experiências de vida e no contexto sociocultural a que pertencem. Assim, evidenciou-se que a HAS não representa uma condição de doença na vida dos sujeitos desta pesquisa, sendo apontada com uma condição que exige cuidados em vários âmbitos da vida. Dessa forma, constatou-se que perpassam nas falas dos sujeitos os reflexos da própria educação em saúde, em relação ao que entendem, como vivenciam e como administram suas vidas, na convivência com a HAS. Com isso, este estudo revelou que a repercussão da educação em saúde, na vida dessas pessoas, estava intimamente articulada com suas concepções e atitudes sobre essa ação e com o posicionamento assumido pelas mesmas perante o seu processo saúde/doença/cuidado. Entende-se, assim, que o saber em saúde, construído nas ações de educação em saúde representa o primeiro passo no processo de emancipação dos sujeitos.
Birg, Laura [Verfasser]. "Parallel Trade of Pharmaceuticals. Conflicts in Health Policy Objectives and Regulatory Externalities in the EU Internal Market / Laura Birg". Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1024884678/34.
Texto completoSPEECKAERT, Morgane Catherine. "Addressing the pig in the room : how is animal welfare governance in EU intensive farming systems impacting public health?" Doctoral thesis, European University Institute, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/74804.
Texto completoEuropean agriculture has drastically changed in the last forty years. As intensive farming systems have now become the norm in animal husbandry, the problems arising from the poor hygiene, intensive indoor confinement and chronic stress of animals have become hard to ignore. While public health implications of these high-output, low-cost production systems are becoming more apparent with the rise of Anti-Microbial Resistance, EU policy intervention remains lethargic. This paper explores the way in which EU animal welfare governance addresses the pressing problems of intensive farming systems by looking at European pig farming. By conducting a policy analysis on EU animal welfare policies and legislation on pig welfare, this paper finds that the EU’s ambition to make its agricultural systems more sustainable are limited by its own governance strategies and its outdated Common Agricultural Policy.
Patrão, Ivone Alexandra Martins. "Eu faço, tu fazes, elas ainda não fizeram... : Comportamentos de adesão ao rastreio do cancro do colo do útero". Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.12/762.
Texto completoO objectivo desta investigação é estudar os Comportamentos de Adesão ao rastreio do Cancro do Colo do Útero e explorar quais as variáveis que estão significativamente relacionadas. Esta investigação é de tipo descritivo, correlacional, exploratória e transversal. Definiu-se os Comportamentos de Adesão como a variável principal, e as variáveis de Caracterização das Participantes e as Psicológicas, como as de influência. A amostra é constituída por 400 mulheres ( entre os 18 e 65 anos ) utentes do Centro de Saúde de Peniche, que preencheram um questionário. Para o tratamento dos dados recorreu-se à estatística descritiva, percentual e à estatística não paramétrica. Verificou-se, descritivamente, que existe um comportamento de baixa adesão ( 74,8 % ) à citologia. Os resultados da relação entre variáveis parecem interessantes, pois caracterizam os Comportamentos de (baixa/elevada ) Adesão à citologia. As mulheres com um comportamento de baixa adesão posicionam-se de forma indiferente na crença de obstáculos, têm uma baixa crença de vulnerabilidade e preocupação com o Cancro do Colo do Útero e atribuem um baixo valor à sua saúde. Para além disso, são mais novas, solteiras, não têm filhos, fumam, vão ao Médico por doença, nunca foram a consultas de planeamento familiar, não usam método contraceptivo, as que têm filhos não realizaram a revisão do parto, não têm recomendação médica e não têm intenção de realizar a citologia, e preferem um Médico do sexo feminino. As mulheres com um comportamento de elevada adesão têm uma baixa crença de obstáculos, uma elevada crença de vulnerabilidade e preocupação média com o Cancro do Colo do Útero e atribuem elevado valor à sua saúde. Estas mulheres são mais velhas, casadas, têm filhos, não fumam, vão ao Médico para vigiar a saúde, vão a consultas de planeamento familiar, usam a pílula, realizaram a revisão do parto, têm recomendação médica, intenção de realizar a citologia, e não têm preferência pelo sexo do Médico.
Kisch, Helén y Blücker Nicoleta Tintea. "GOD OMVÅRDNAD - En litteraturstudie om patientens upplevelse av god omvårdnad inom EU och Norden". Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-27039.
Texto completoThe aim of this study was to illustrate patients' experience of good care, in EU and the Nordic countries, given to them by nurses working at somatic wards. Recurrent view in the result of the scrutinizing articles was identified and categorized into four head categories with subcategories. The head categories were: communication, nurse, patient and environment. Many common factors, which were important for patients’ to experience good care, were identified. To be able to experience good care the following has to be involved: patient orientated and individual communication, the nurse had a willing to care and that she was observant and predicted of care, she should have qualities like empathy, sense of humour, competence for the patient to be seen as a unique individual and be able to participate in his own care. The results then could be connected to Watson's ten factors of mening.
Tejding, Ronny y Cecilia Lemon. "ATT VÅRDA PATIENTER FRÅN ANDRA KULTURER : En litteraturstudie eu ett sjuksköterskeperspektiv". Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hälsa, vård och välfärd, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-40153.
Texto completoBackground: Globalization and immigration now make completely different demands on healthcare service throughout Europe. In Sweden one fifth of the population are born in another country. In other words, Sweden is a multicultural society. The healthcare service of Sweden faces a great challenge and in how nurses are capable to meet this challenge. Aim: The purpose of this study was to describe nurses' experiences of caring for patients with different cultural backgrounds. Method: A descriptive literature study was performed analyzing ten qualitative studies. Result: It has been found in this thesis that when working with transcultural patient’s nurse’s experiences problems in three dimensions surrounding the nursing situation. The problems were the following: Language and communications problems, culture-gender role discrepancies and finally stereotyping by nurses. Conclusion: It has been found that nurses in their daily work with transcultural patients experience different cultural problems in their nursing situation. The transcultural care theory has claimed to be able to explain and solve this kind of friction between the nurse and the transcultural patient, but not managed to do so. It has been argued that the transcultural care theory has proven to be out-of-date for today’s fast multicultural migration. New research is needed to support the nursing profession into the future.
Puthoopparambil, Soorej Jose. "Life in Immigration Detention Centers : An exploration of health of immigrant detainees in Sweden and three other EU member states". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Internationell mödra- och barnhälsovård (IMCH), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-272493.
Texto completoBamyr, Hanssen Soziar y Rosemarie Ohanyan. "Konsekvenserna av (EU) 2017/746- förordningen på tillverkning och användning av medicintekniska produkter för in vitro-diagnostik inom Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset". Thesis, KTH, Medicinteknik och hälsosystem, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-297857.
Texto completoI samarbete med Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset utfördes denna studie med målet att genomföra en konsekvensanalys av det nya regelverket (EU) 2017/746. Regelverkets konsekvenser gällande tillgång, distribution, tillverkning och egentillverkning av in vitro-diagnostik produkter undersöktes för olika enheter inom Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset. Detta undersöktes genom en omfattande litteraturstudie och intervjuer som utfördes digitalt och via mail. Av de enheter som granskades uppmärksammades att endast Lab & Primärvård och Karolinska Universitetslaboratoriet påverkades av den nya lagstiftningen. Tillgången på produkter kan komma att påverkas som en konsekvens av de nya kraven på riskklassificering och på de anmälda organen. Om tillverkaren inte uppfyller de nya kraven kan detta leda til brist på material och produkter, vilken kan påverka Lab & Primärvård samt Karolinska Universitetslaboratoriet. Lab & Primärvård kommer beröras av kraven för distribution i den nya förordningen om de beslutar att distribuera nya in vitro-diagnostik produkter till andra verksamheter. Karolinska Universitetslaboratoriet har en tillverkning som de i dagsläget CE-märker enligt det gamla direktivet samt en egentillverkning. För att Karolinska Universitetslaboratoriet ska fortsätta sin egentillverkning krävs det att de uppfyller kraven som ställs på egentillverkare i nya regelverket. Vid fortsatt CE-märkning av produkterna kommer de att klassas som tillverkare och behöver uppfylla dess krav. Sammanfattningsvis kan det konstateras att både Lab & Primärvård och Karolinska Universitetslaboratoriet har tre vägar att gå; distribuera, egentillverka eller tillverka in vitro-diagnostik produkter. Beroende på beslutet de fattar klassas de olika enligt det nya regelverket (distributörer, egentillverkare eller tillverkare) och har därmed olika krav att följa.
Antonino, Raffaello. "The crossroad : experiences of non-EU/EEA international Masters students in their last year of study in the UK". Thesis, London Metropolitan University, 2017. http://repository.londonmet.ac.uk/1218/.
Texto completoAudhav, EvA y Csilla Norenius. "SVENSKA TJÄNSTEMÄNS UPPFATTNING OM ORGANISATORISKA STRESSFÖREBYGGANDE STRATEGIER : EN KVALITATIV STUDIE". Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för vård och natur, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-6076.
Texto completoPsychosocial health is one of the biggest causes of absenteeism among employees. Few studies are designed to investigate prevention activities for stress at the organizational level. EU-OSHA offers recommendation to companies about stress prevention. The purpose of this study was to describe how officials experience EU-OSHA´s recommendation on organizational stress prevention. The study aimed to clarify whether the recommendations may be considered feasible, if there are any obstacles making implementation difficult and what conditions are required to fulfill implementation. The method used had an inductive qualitative approach, in which 16 interviews were conducted at six large Swedish companies. The result showed that the recommendations were considered feasible but they were at times experienced too general and vague. The various conditions and constrains described formed the following theses: Company Culture, Requirements, Control & Support and Knowledge & Skills. Discussion: The recommendations may seem simple but it was found that they do not give practical support to companies. All respondents found them good but sometimes ambiguous and consequently interpreted differently. Moreover, the recommendations are given no particular order of priority. The respondents listed different barriers that made implementation difficult. The conditions needed for a successful implementation seem to depend on good company culture, the possibility to influence and manage your own working environment as well as the chance to turn personal knowledge into practical skills.
Norenius, Csilla y Eva Audhav. "Svenska tjänstemäns uppfattning om organisatoriska stressförebyggande strategier : En kvalitativ studie". Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för vård och natur, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-6149.
Texto completoPsychosocial health is one of the biggest causes of absenteeism among employees. Few studies are designed to investigate prevention activities for stress at the organizational level. EU-OSHA offers recommendation to companies about stress prevention. The purpose of this study was to describe how officials experience EU-OSHA´s recommendation on organizational stress prevention. The study aimed to clarify whether the recommendations may be considered feasible, if there are any obstacles making implementation difficult and what conditions are required to fulfill implementation. The method used had an inductive qualitative approach, in which 16 interviews were conducted at six large Swedish companies. The result showed that the EU-OSHA recommendations were considered feasible but at times were general and vague. The various conditions and constrains described formed the following theses: Company Culture, Requirements, Control & Support and Knowledge & Skills. Discussion: To be able to work with stress prevention efforts at organizational level and get the desired affects as, well being staff and improved productivity, all parts of the organization have to be willing to contribute at the work. The challenge in this process is how the collaboration will be done and how resources should be developed in terms of time and skilled personnel. If management succeeds doing this, than the conditions for a good psychosocial work environment will be created, which is a keyword for a healthy and profitable company.
Tran, Ngoc Nha Tinh. "EU Competition Law under Ordoliberalism - A case study of Excessive Pricing in Pharmaceutical Sector". Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-23820.
Texto completoTsekhmestruk, Nataliia. "Roma should not be left out from the health care system more than they already are : A qualitative study exploring access to health care for vulnerable EU citizens in Umeå Sweden". Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för epidemiologi och global hälsa, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-174101.
Texto completoLund, Lasse. "Public Health and Public Security versus Free Movement of Persons : Restriction on Cross-border Traffic at the Internal Borders of the EU". Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för juridik, psykologi och socialt arbete, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-87726.
Texto completoConceição, Tainá Souza. ""Fazer mais e melhor com o pouco que eu tenho": um estudo da Política Nacional de Humanização implementada em Manaus". Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2009. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=3364.
Texto completoThe present work studies the humanization policy implemented in the State of Amazonas. To pursue this objective, a broad approach is taken, concerning the social, economic and political processes in the capitalist system that changed the speech thematic over the States role in the provision of social services and goods to the society, and that directly impact in the Brazilian social security, specially, the health policy. At the same time, a study of the countrys regional inequalities, using the unequal and combined development theory, is done, bringing some elements of the federalism study, to enhance the debate. Then, the outlook of the health system in Amazonas is studied, considering its multiple dimensions and emphasizing its health system budget, to analyze the humanization policy implemented in the State. The field research was done throughout eighteen semi-structured interviews with key participants, such as: Supporters, PNH Multipliers, City and State Health Council Members and Amigos da Saúde project workers. Several documents were studied: Health Ministry Executive Secretary Reports, Amazonas Health Plan and Manaus reports, concerning humanization policy and Amigos da Saúde Project. The State Court of Auditors reports were also studied to analyze Amazonas health budgets. Therefore, the question that pervades the present work is: what kind of humanization policy is being implemented, seeking what kind of health policy?
Wångdahl, Josefin. "Health literacy among newly arrived refugees in Sweden and implications for health and healthcare". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Socialmedicin, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-333427.
Texto completoGermundsson, Frida y Nicole Kvist. "MDR 2017/745 - New EU Regulation for Medical Devices: A Process Description for EHR Manufacturers on How to Fulfill the Regulation". Thesis, KTH, Medicinteknik och hälsosystem, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-279137.
Texto completoAlmeida, Marília de Fátima Serra. "Stressado(a) eu?: percepções de stress ocupacional em profissionais de saúde: estudo numa instituição hospitalar do Alentejo". Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/15283.
Texto completoMzyece, Dingayo. "An investigation into the implementation of the construction (design and management) regulations in the construction industry". Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2436/558782.
Texto completovon, Ameln Felix. "Grenzen der Dienstleistungsfreiheit im Bereich des Gesundheitswesens unter Berücksichtigung der Patientenrichtlinie 2011/24/EU". Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-171223.
Texto completoThe starting point for this study is the so-called „Patient Directive“ 2011/24/EU. This is based on the jurisdiction of the European Court of Justice, according to which when using cross-border healthcare services the free movement of services finds application. Referring to the area of healthcare the free movement of services however is in a relationship of tension with the organisational sovereignty of member states for their healthcare systems. For this reason this work addresses itself firstly to the concept of healthcare services and leads the existence of a relationship of tension back to the historical development of social regulations in the contracts. In a further step then the actual applicability of the free movement of services for the area healthcare services is examined. Following this an analysis of the jurisdiction of the European Court of Justice takes place. This attempts to solve the relationship of tension at the level of „justification“. In the end however this starting-point does not lead to solving this tension relationship, for through the need for interpretation of primary law legal uncertainties arise. Also the patient directive, which is based on the jurisdiction of the European Court of Justice, can for this reason only partially contribute to the removal of uncertainties existing with cross-border healthcare services. Equally further alternatives presented in literature cannot solve the basic problem. Rather a clearer delimitation in the primary law itself would be required
Hennings, Viktoria. "Use of notifiable infectious disease surveillance data for benefit/risk monitoring of vaccines in the EU within the context of the IMI ADVANCE project : Estimating the annual burden of invasive meningococcal disease in the EU/EEA, 2011-2015". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för medicinsk biokemi och mikrobiologi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-353553.
Texto completoVidegren, Victor. "The united European response on Covid-19 : A qualitative analysis on the integrative process in the EU health policy as a response of the pandemic crisis". Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för statsvetenskap (ST), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-101230.
Texto completovon, Ameln Felix. "Grenzen der Dienstleistungsfreiheit im Bereich des Gesundheitswesens unter Berücksichtigung der Patientenrichtlinie 2011/24/EU". Universitätsverlag Chemnitz, 2014. https://monarch.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A20264.
Texto completoThe starting point for this study is the so-called „Patient Directive“ 2011/24/EU. This is based on the jurisdiction of the European Court of Justice, according to which when using cross-border healthcare services the free movement of services finds application. Referring to the area of healthcare the free movement of services however is in a relationship of tension with the organisational sovereignty of member states for their healthcare systems. For this reason this work addresses itself firstly to the concept of healthcare services and leads the existence of a relationship of tension back to the historical development of social regulations in the contracts. In a further step then the actual applicability of the free movement of services for the area healthcare services is examined. Following this an analysis of the jurisdiction of the European Court of Justice takes place. This attempts to solve the relationship of tension at the level of „justification“. In the end however this starting-point does not lead to solving this tension relationship, for through the need for interpretation of primary law legal uncertainties arise. Also the patient directive, which is based on the jurisdiction of the European Court of Justice, can for this reason only partially contribute to the removal of uncertainties existing with cross-border healthcare services. Equally further alternatives presented in literature cannot solve the basic problem. Rather a clearer delimitation in the primary law itself would be required.
Bedük, Selçuk. "Measuring poverty in the EU : investigating and improving the empirical validity in deprivation scales of poverty". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:22f61b32-32a3-4fb3-b0ce-67b1b8fe8c00.
Texto completoAdes, Moraes Felipe. "Evaluation of the disparities in trastuzumab approval, reimbursement and uptake across the 27 European Union Member States (EU-27)". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209132.
Texto completocomposed by 27 member states (EU-27). The EU implemented several standardizations in laws,
justice and home affairs and shares the consensus that health care should be regulated by the
state. A high level of human protection should be ensured in all its member states. European
health systems are funded and managed by each national government and for historical
reasons health policy and health expenditure are not homogeneous.
Whereas cancer incidence is dependent on factors such as population age, life-style and
genetic predisposition, cancer mortality in general is dependent on the efficacy of health
systems in providing cancer prevention, efficient screening methods and treatments.
Around 20% of the breast cancers show amplification/overexpression of HER2 that is
associated with a more aggressive disease and worse clinical outcome. By targeting the HER2
receptor trastuzumab has significantly improved overall survival and changed the natural
course of this disease.
Objectives: This study aims to evaluate (1) the association of health expenditure with
breast cancer outcome, (2) to explore to which degree the differences in breast cancer survival
are related to the speed of uptake of trastuzumab and its determinants and (3) to evaluate the
real usage of trastuzumab and its relation to breast cancer survival in the EU.
Results: Breast cancer survival was found strongly correlated with health expenditure. A
clear cutoff divides Western and Eastern Europe in that regard, with western countries showing
higher health expenditure and higher breast cancer survival than Eastern Europe. Trastuzumab
reimbursement was faster in Western European countries, a factor associated with higher
health expenditure and better health policy performance. Trastuzumab uptake is increasing all
over Europe in the last 12 years, however it is still being under used in Eastern countries while
in Western Europe the uptake is sufficient to treat virtually all patients in need of the drug.
Conclusion: Important discrepancies in breast cancer survival exist in the EU. Western
Europe has higher breast cancer survival and higher health expenditure than Eastern Europe.
This can be partially explained by the faster approval and increased uptake of trastuzumab in
Western countries. Higher health expenditure and better health policy performance were
factors linked to faster reimbursement and uptake of trastuzumab.
Doctorat en sciences médicales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Guimarães, Amanda. "Global Warming, Health and the Animal Industry. A Critical Discourse Analysis of Advertisements from the Animal Industry in EU after the Reports by WHO, FAO and IPCC". Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-23153.
Texto completoVallin, Anders. "Motives behind securitization : -a study on the securitization of terrorism". Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för statsvetenskap (ST), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-91158.
Texto completoSilveira, Wagner Jaernevay. "“Eu vejo a hemodiálise como meu trabalho”: saberes e experiências de familiares de pessoas com doença renal crônica". Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 2014. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/873.
Texto completoRejected by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br), reason: Renata, confirma por favor se este título tem aspas: “Eu vejo a hemodiálise como meu trabalho”: on 2016-02-26T13:05:38Z (GMT)
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A pesquisa envolve o tema do cuidar de enfermagem com ênfase para a família da pessoa em programa contínuo de hemodiálise (HD). No campo desta temática o objeto de investigação é: os saberes da família da pessoa submetida à HD sobre a doença renal crônica (DRC), as suas crenças, valores e práticas de cuidado em saúde, tomando como referência o processo de cuidar do enfermeiro nos serviços de HD e na atenção primária à saúde (APS). A pesquisa teve como aporte teórico a Diversidade e Universalidade do Cuidado Cultural de Leininger. Definiu-se como objetivo geral o de compreender os saberes culturais dos familiares de um grupo de pessoas em tratamento hemodialítico em relação à DRC e cuidados com a saúde. A metodologia utilizada foi a etnoenfermagem. O cenário inicial foi uma Unidade de Terapia Renal Substitutiva (TRS), onde os sujeitos da pesquisa, familiares dos indivíduos em programa contínuo de HD, foram identificados. Depois, o local principal passou a ser o domicílio dos informantes. A coleta de dados baseou-se nas técnicas de observação participante e entrevista do tipo semiestruturada. Ademais, aplicou-se um questionário para caracterizar o perfil sócio demográfico e de saúde dos informantes. Da análise dos dados emergiram quatro categorias: “Estou me cuidando melhor, não tô cem por cento, mas eu me esforço”: saberes e práticas de saúde; “É assustadora, mas tratando, cuidando é possível viver com ela”: Doença Renal Crônica; “Num primeiro instante, o socorro que eles dão num primeiro momento é que teria que ser permanente”: experiência da família no serviço de hemodiálise; “Toda vez que você precisa é uma dificuldade danada”: Trajetória da família na rede de atenção à saúde. Os achados indicam que há um fator comportamental a partir dos saberes em saúde relacionada com a cultura que definem o modo de cuidar da mesma. Além desse, o experimentar a doença em questão, em especial do tratamento hemodialítico, repercute no ser biopsicosocial, bem como na maneira de viver dos membros da família. Por fim, percebem-se dificuldades para que o indivíduo e família usufruam dos conceitos de universalidade, equidade e integralidade a partir da rede de atenção, impactando de forma negativa na saúde da população. Espera-se que a pesquisa fomente estratégias de cuidados de enfermagem direcionados ao indivíduo/família/comunidade de forma congruente à cultura.
The research involves the theme of care nursing with emphasis on the family of the person in continuous hemodialysis (HD). In the field of this subject is the object of investigation: the knowledge of the family of the person subjected to the HD on chronic kidney disease (CKD), their beliefs, values and practices of health care, with reference to the process of nursing care in HD and primary health care (PHC) services. The research was theoretical contribution to the Cultural Diversity and Universality Care Leininger. Was defined as the overall goal of understanding the cultural knowledge of the relatives of a group of people on hemodialysis and CKD in relation to health care. The methodology used was ethnonursing. The initial scenario was a Unit of Renal Replacement Therapy (RRT), where the research subjects, relatives of individuals in continuous program of HD were identified. Then the main site became the home of the informants. Data collection was based on the techniques of participant observation and semi-structured interview type. Moreover, we applied a questionnaire to characterize the socio demographic and health profile of the informants. From the data analysis, four categories emerged: "I'm taking care of myself better,'m not one hundred percent, but I struggle": knowledge and health practices; "It's scary, but treating, caring can live with it": Chronic Kidney Disease; "In the first moment, the help they give is that at first would have to be permanent": family experience in the hemodialysis service; "Whenever you need is a damned difficult": Trajectory of the family in the healthcare network. The findings indicate that there is a behavioral factor from the health knowledge related to culture that define how to take care of it. Besides this, the experience the disease in question, in particular hemodialysis, be reflected in the biopsychosocial as well as way of life of family members. Finally, realize it is difficult for the individual and family to enjoy the concepts of universality, fairness and integrity from the attention network, impacting negatively on population health. It is expected that research promotes strategies for nursing care directed to the individual / family / culture congruent form community.
Stewart, Arabella. "The impact of the case law on patient mobility of the European Court of Justice upon the development of EU law and policy in relation to health care". Thesis, University of Leicester, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/31095.
Texto completoScocco, Therese. "Transnationellt arbete och arbetsmiljöreglering : En studie av EU:s påverkan på den svenska arbetsmiljöregleringen och det nationella manöverutrymmet utifrån fallet med utstationerade arbetare i byggbranschen 1994–2018". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Ekonomisk-historiska institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-354160.
Texto completoHaji, Modiri Shima. "Impacts of Living and Working Conditions on the Health of Immigrants : A Comparative Study on Asylum-Seekers in Germany and the Netherlands". Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Statsvetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-121851.
Texto completoPerez, Karine Vanessa. ""Se eu tirar o trabalho, sobra um cantinho que a gente foi deixando ali" : clínica de psicodinâmica do trabalho na atividade de docentes no ensino superior privado". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/70043.
Texto completoEsta pesquisa propõe-se a investigar temáticas referentes à saúde mental e o trabalho de docentes universitários, especificamente relacionadas às vivências de prazer e sofrimento no trabalho de professores universitários em Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES) privadas. No atual contexto brasileiro, percebe-se uma considerável expansão de Instituições de Ensino Superior e, consequentemente, uma sobrecarga de trabalho o que repercute na saúde física e mental dos profissionais que atuam neste âmbito. Teoricamente esta pesquisa está sedimentada em pressupostos que inter-relacionam a saúde mental e o trabalho docente em IES privadas. Fundamenta-se teórica e metodologicamente na Clínica da Psicodinâmica do Trabalho. Utilizou-se o método qualitativo, com a realização de entrevistas individuais semi-estruturadas com dezoito professores universitários de IES privadas. A análise dos resultados foi desenvolvida a partir dos pressupostos da Psicodinâmica do Trabalho, evidenciando uma extensiva jornada de atividades que, com frequência, invade a vida fora do trabalho, revelando a sobrecarga de atividades que lhes é solicitada cotidianamente, o que, como consequência, compromete a saúde física e psíquica dos professores. Para evitar o sofrimento e adoecimento psíquico os docentes entrevistados fazem uso de estratégias que promovam a saúde, dentre elas foram evidenciadas as estratégias defensivas que favorecem a manutenção da organização do trabalho, sendo estas consideradas alienadoras, e as estratégias que estimulam a continuidade do trabalho docente. Dessa forma foi possível identificar as maiores solicitações de mudança neste contexto, sendo elas: conquista de um espaço para discutir as questões do trabalho; a obrigatoriedade da distribuição na jornada de trabalho compatível com o tempo de preparação de aulas e atividades acadêmicas; menor carga horária direcionada ao trabalho em sala de aula, para permitir o desenvolvimento de atividades ligadas a extensão e, especialmente, à pesquisa e à qualificação. Sendo assim, percebe-se que o trabalho pode ser reconhecido por seu potencial emancipador, constituinte da subjetividade e da identidade, mas por outro lado, quando ele resume a vida dos trabalhadores, não havendo experimentações fora, o trabalho torna-se alienante e causador de sofrimento. Entretanto, o trabalho, neste estudo não é entendido apenas como o lugar da produção de sofrimento saúde/adoecimentos, mas sim, e principalmente, o espaço do viver e do conviver, em que a subjetividade é convocada constantemente a se (re) configurar. Para que haja transformação neste contexto é necessário transcender o espaço físico das IES e levar esta discussão sobre o sofrimento no trabalho docente para outras esferas, com o intuito de tornar este problema público, e assim, construir estratégias que implementem de forma eficaz políticas que viabilizem a saúde dos professores universitários.
This research proposes to investigate topics related to mental health and the work of university professors, more specifically related to the experiences of pleasure and pain in the work of university professors in private higher education institutions (HEI). In the current context, there is a considerable expansion of higher education institutions and consequently an work overload which affects the physical and mental health of people who work in this field. Theoretically this research is rooted in assumptions that interact to mental health and the teaching work in private HEI. It is based on theoretical and methodological in the Clinic of Psychodynamics of Work. The qualitative method was used, with the realization of individual semi-structured interviews with eighteen university professors of private HEI. The analysis of the results was developed from the assumptions of the psychodynamics of work, showing an extensive workday, which often, invades the life outside of work, showing the overload of the required daily activities, which results in impaired physical and mental health of teachers. To avoid suffering and psychic illness, the interviewed teachers make use of strategies that promote health, among them were evidenced the defensive strategies that favor the maintenance of work organization, which were more alienated, and strategies that encourage the continuity of teaching. This way it was possible to identify which were the largest change requests in this context, as follows: conquest of space to discuss the issues of work; distribution of workday compatible with the time of preparation of classes and academic activities; lower classroom workload directed to work in the classroom, to allow the development ofactivities related to extension and particularly research and qualification. Thus it is seen that the work can be recognized by its potential emancipator, constituent of subjectivity and identity, but on the other hand when he summarizes the life of the workers, there is no experimentation outside it, the work becomes alienating and causing suffering. However, work in this study is not only understood as the place of production of suffering health/diseases, but more importantly, the living space and socialization, where subjectivity is constantly referred to (re) configure. For any processing in this context it is necessary to transcend the physical space of the HEI and lead this discussion on suffering in the teaching work to other spheres, with the aim of making this public problem and thus build strategies that implement effectively policies that make possible the health of university professors.
Elzbergas, Tadas. "Pacientų teisių gynimo galimybės ir ribos nacionaliniame ir tarptautiniame lygmenyse". Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2006. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2006~D_20060314_103422-40016.
Texto completoCisneros, Örnberg Jenny. "The Europeanization of Swedish Alcohol Policy". Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Centrum för socialvetenskaplig alkohol- och drogforskning (SoRAD), 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-8411.
Texto completoTHORSSON, BJÖRN J. y HADY R. SOLIMAN. "Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Brayton Cycle for Power Generation : Utilizing Waste Heat in EU Industries". Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-282919.
Texto completoIndustrisektorn står för cirka 30% av den globala totala energiförbrukningen och upp till 50% av den går förlorad som spillvärme. Återskapa att spillvärme från industrier och använda det som energikälla är ett hållbart sätt att producera el. Superkritiska CO2 (sCO2) cykler kan integreras med olika värmekällor inklusive spillvärme. Nuvarande litteratur fokuserar främst på cykelens prestanda utan att undersöka systemets ekonomi. Detta beror främst på bristen på tillförlitliga kostnadsberäkningar för cykelkomponenterna. Baserat på nyligen utvecklade kostnadsskalningsmodeller är det möjligt att utföra mer exakta teknikekonomiska studier på dessa system. Detta möjliggör en förskjutning i fokus från cykeleffektivitet till ekonomi som drivkraft för kommersialisering av sCO2 teknologi. Detta arbete syftar till att utveckla en teknisk ekonomisk modell för dessa avfall-värme-till-kraftsystem. Baserat på litteraturen beräknas spillvärme från olika industrier, vilket visar att de fyra industrierna med störst potential för återvinning av spillvärme är cement, järn och stål, aluminium och gaskompressorstationer. Sex olika sCO2 konfigurationer utvecklades och simulerades för dessa fyra industrier. Den teknisk-ekonomiska modellen optimerar för det högsta Net Present Value (NPV) med hjälp av en artificiell bi-kolonialgoritm. Optimeringsvariablerna är pressure levels, delade förhållanden, recuperatorseffektivitet, kondensortemperatur och turbininloppstemperaturen begränsad av värmekällan. Resultaten visar en stor potential för industrier att sänka kostnaderna med detta system. Av de fyra modellerna industrin gav ett återvinningssystem i en järn och stålfabrik den högsta NPV. Resultaten visar att integrationen av sCO2 cykeln i cementindustrin kan bidra till att minska deras spillvärme med 60%, samtidigt som de gör det möjligt för dem att täcka upp till 56% av deras elbehov. Återbetalningsperioden för de fyra branscherna varierar mellan 6 till 9 år. Dessutom är simple recuperated sCO2 cykler med förvärmning mer ekonomiska än recompressioncykler. Trots att recompressioncykler har högre termisk effektivitet, begränsas de av temperaturglidningen i spillvärmeväxlaren. Denna analys kan hjälpa investerare och ingenjörer att fatta mer informerade beslut för att öka effektiviteten och ekonomiska avkastningen på investeringar för sCO2 cykler och värmeåtervinning på industriområden. För att uppmuntra antagandet av superkritiska CO2 cykler krävs en demo tillsammans med mer forskning för högre temperaturapplikationer med särskild uppmärksamhet på mekanisk integritet.
Pham, Ngoc Thanh Tam. "L'offre des soins médicaux dans l'Union Européenne". Thesis, Rennes 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN1G019.
Texto completoEuropean Union member states have faced growing challenges in health care provision, such as: an aging population, an imbalance between supply and demand for care, and the rising cost of new medical technologies. Physician mobility could be a response to these challenges in the context of the right of free movement of workers within the European Union (EU). This thesis examines the validity of these responses from a typology of countries representing ideal-type health systems in the EU (France, UK, Italy and Romania). If economic variable (amount of compensation) plays a key role in the migration, it is adjusted according to the characteristics of the delivery of health care organizational models of health systems. Noting the diverse response of EU member states to these challenges, the study offers some thoughts on improving the medical migration flows based on the following key elements of European health law: right to freedom of movement of salaried physicians, freedom of establishment and freedom to provide services for physicians in private practice, equivalence of diplomas and coordination of various social security systems
TOGNI, ENRICO. "LA DIMENSIONE RELAZIONALE DEGLI ALIMENTI. INDICAZIONI NUTRIZIONALI E SULLA SALUTE IN UNA PROSPETTIVA COMPARATA". Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/6536.
Texto completoThe topic of the present research is to highlight the relational dimension of the information provided to consumers via food labelling, intended as a legal tool for the implementation of the nutrition policy carried out by the EU institutions since the establishment of the European Economic Community. The present work analyses how the function of food labelling has changed during the decades, since the late Seventies of the past century, when it was merely conceived as a mean of information whose main purpose was the harmonisation of the different national legislations, which could constitute an unnecessary obstacle to the realization of the common internal market, to the most recent days, when food labelling is thought as a tool of active nutrition policy; more precisely, through an adequate labelling, the EU institutions try to shape consumers’ behaviours, driving them toward a healthier eating. In this regulatory scenario, the Regulation on Nutrition and Health Claims made on foods is an ambitious and controversial piece of European food law, whose premises were undoubtedly laudable, but which has been during the years (partially) implemented in a manner which has caused much more discontent and confusion among both consumers and manufacturers, so that nowadays many doubts are still arising for what concerns its efficacy and its validity. This research represents a deep analysis of the Regulation on Nutrition and Health Claims, also taken into consideration from the historical, sociological, and economic perspective, which must be necessarily intertwined for a complete and critical comprehension of the legal framework and its implications for the various stakeholders. For this reason, each paragraph begins with a sort of normative background, and concludes with a critical analysis of the existing situation, providing some hints for a better implementation of the NHCR. After a brief introduction, the core of the research is completely and deeply focused on each and every aspect of the Regulation, with a central part which takes into consideration the very crucial aspect of its partial and problematic ongoing implementation: the role of science and, more precisely, the requirement of the scientific substantiation of the claims, whose assessment is demanded to the EFSA that, in the absence of definitions and clear guidelines on how to conduct such an evaluation, has de facto given its personal interpretation of the normative provisions of the Regulation, on which also the Commission and the European Court of Justice (implicitly or explicitly) rely, causing discontent among operators and legal scholars who see this as an illegitimate application of the precautionary principle to the field of food information, and a possible departure from the traditional categories of the risk assessment, risk management, and legal interpretation. The analysis proceeds then by criticizing the results of the total reliance on the scientific evaluation carried out by the EFSA, which reduced most of the knowledge about nutrition science in few more than 200 approved health claims, whose wording is probably incomprehensible for the average consumer. Moreover, there are also many other open issues in the Regulation on Nutrition and Health Claims which need to be urgently addressed in order not to vanish the laudable purpose of stimulating innovation and competition in the food sector, namely the botanical claims and probiotics, which are now prevented from bearing health claims on the consideration that a complete scientific consensus about their safety and efficacy has not yet been reached. But if this is the largely prohibitive state of the art, manufacturers are of course encouraged to find different escape routes, one of which is recurring to implied health claims, adopted through non-textual messages, or, to rephrase, through a smart food design, which can convey the same representation of healthiness without being subject to the strict scientific boundaries standardised by the EFSA. In addition, and as a conclusion, the present work, although mainly focused on the European Union regulatory environment, tries to give a comparative view on what the international arena offers on the topic, from the Codex Alimentarius Commission to the various WTO Agreements pertaining to food labelling, instilling doubts about the NHCR compatibility with the obligations that the EU must fulfil in the international trade law relations.
TOGNI, ENRICO. "LA DIMENSIONE RELAZIONALE DEGLI ALIMENTI. INDICAZIONI NUTRIZIONALI E SULLA SALUTE IN UNA PROSPETTIVA COMPARATA". Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/6536.
Texto completoThe topic of the present research is to highlight the relational dimension of the information provided to consumers via food labelling, intended as a legal tool for the implementation of the nutrition policy carried out by the EU institutions since the establishment of the European Economic Community. The present work analyses how the function of food labelling has changed during the decades, since the late Seventies of the past century, when it was merely conceived as a mean of information whose main purpose was the harmonisation of the different national legislations, which could constitute an unnecessary obstacle to the realization of the common internal market, to the most recent days, when food labelling is thought as a tool of active nutrition policy; more precisely, through an adequate labelling, the EU institutions try to shape consumers’ behaviours, driving them toward a healthier eating. In this regulatory scenario, the Regulation on Nutrition and Health Claims made on foods is an ambitious and controversial piece of European food law, whose premises were undoubtedly laudable, but which has been during the years (partially) implemented in a manner which has caused much more discontent and confusion among both consumers and manufacturers, so that nowadays many doubts are still arising for what concerns its efficacy and its validity. This research represents a deep analysis of the Regulation on Nutrition and Health Claims, also taken into consideration from the historical, sociological, and economic perspective, which must be necessarily intertwined for a complete and critical comprehension of the legal framework and its implications for the various stakeholders. For this reason, each paragraph begins with a sort of normative background, and concludes with a critical analysis of the existing situation, providing some hints for a better implementation of the NHCR. After a brief introduction, the core of the research is completely and deeply focused on each and every aspect of the Regulation, with a central part which takes into consideration the very crucial aspect of its partial and problematic ongoing implementation: the role of science and, more precisely, the requirement of the scientific substantiation of the claims, whose assessment is demanded to the EFSA that, in the absence of definitions and clear guidelines on how to conduct such an evaluation, has de facto given its personal interpretation of the normative provisions of the Regulation, on which also the Commission and the European Court of Justice (implicitly or explicitly) rely, causing discontent among operators and legal scholars who see this as an illegitimate application of the precautionary principle to the field of food information, and a possible departure from the traditional categories of the risk assessment, risk management, and legal interpretation. The analysis proceeds then by criticizing the results of the total reliance on the scientific evaluation carried out by the EFSA, which reduced most of the knowledge about nutrition science in few more than 200 approved health claims, whose wording is probably incomprehensible for the average consumer. Moreover, there are also many other open issues in the Regulation on Nutrition and Health Claims which need to be urgently addressed in order not to vanish the laudable purpose of stimulating innovation and competition in the food sector, namely the botanical claims and probiotics, which are now prevented from bearing health claims on the consideration that a complete scientific consensus about their safety and efficacy has not yet been reached. But if this is the largely prohibitive state of the art, manufacturers are of course encouraged to find different escape routes, one of which is recurring to implied health claims, adopted through non-textual messages, or, to rephrase, through a smart food design, which can convey the same representation of healthiness without being subject to the strict scientific boundaries standardised by the EFSA. In addition, and as a conclusion, the present work, although mainly focused on the European Union regulatory environment, tries to give a comparative view on what the international arena offers on the topic, from the Codex Alimentarius Commission to the various WTO Agreements pertaining to food labelling, instilling doubts about the NHCR compatibility with the obligations that the EU must fulfil in the international trade law relations.