Artículos de revistas: "Harbours and marinas"

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Marin, Valentina, Mariapaola Moreno, Paolo Vassallo, Luigi Vezzulli y Mauro Fabiano. "Development of a multistep indicator-based approach (MIBA) for the assessment of environmental quality of harbours". ICES Journal of Marine Science 65, n.º 8 (30 de julio de 2008): 1436–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsn117.

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Abstract Marin, V., Moreno, M., Vassallo, P., Vezzulli, L., and Fabiano, M. 2008. Development of a multistep indicator-based approach (MIBA) for the assessment of environmental quality of harbours. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 65: 1436–1441. Environmental pollution in harbours can have detrimental effects on the port, its users, and the surrounding environment. Despite these risks, the Italian legal framework for marine environmental quality does not apply to harbours and marinas, so monitoring is not mandatory. With the aim of supporting environmentally sound management, we propose an indicator-based protocol to assess the environmental quality of harbours through the development of a flexible and site-specific multistep indicator-based approach (MIBA), which gives special consideration to local features. MIBA comprises three steps: (1) development of a simple tool for harbour-specific identification of vulnerable areas and for designing monitoring schemes; (2) selection of suitable environmental quality indicators of different levels of complexity and applicability to the typologies of risks involved; and (3) development of a user-friendly interpretation scheme based on categorical risk values and a visualization code. The approach has been tested in two case studies in marinas located in the Ligurian Sea (Italy).

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Pezy, J. P., A. Raoux, R. Boisserie y J. C. Dauvin. "Enhancing marine coastal biodiversity in Normandy: towards a new species signalling network using Artificial Structures". IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1245, n.º 1 (1 de julio de 2022): 012007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1245/1/012007.

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Abstract Non-Indigenous Species (NIS) are a threat to native biodiversity and ecosystem services. The European seas are known to be the recipient of several hundreds of NIS due two main origins: shipping and aquaculture. They are the focus of Descriptor 2 of good environmental status in the Marine Strategy Framework Directive. 153 NNS had been recorded along the Normandy coast in 2018. Marinas are priority sites for monitoring, being ‘hotspots’ for the NIS occurrence. The aim of the ENBIMANOR project was to study and compare the composition and the hard-bottom macrofauna including the NIS prevalence in marinas along the Normandy coast (from Granville to Dieppe-Le Tréport) focusing primarily on mobile and benthic invertebrates. A total of 19 marinas were surveyed during two years (2018-2020). At each harbour, nine settlements panels (acting as artificial reef) were immerged at a depth of 1.50 m. Every quarter, at each site, a settlement panel was replaced and the species colonising the panel were identified. The analysis revealed higher taxonomic richness in marinas open to the sea or with high salinity than in closed marinas or with low salinity. Results highlighted that each marina has its own species composition. This survey identified more than one hundred taxa, including known NIS species such as the amphipod Monocorophium acherusicum and M. sextonae, the ascidians Perophora japonica and Stylea clava, and detect four new NIS for the Normandy waters (Aoroides longimerus, A. curvipes, Paranthura japonica and Ianiropsis serricaudis). Our study shows the need to continue the census of NIS and to evaluate their impacts on the artificial hard-bottom structures in marine coastal ecosystem on two major zones: the intertidal zone and the marina/harbours waters.

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Jones, Bryn y Thi Bolam. "Copper speciation survey from UK marinas, harbours and estuaries". Marine Pollution Bulletin 54, n.º 8 (agosto de 2007): 1127–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2007.04.021.

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Murphy, Enda, Mathieu Deiber y Sylvain Perrin. "SHEAR-DRIVEN FLUSHING OF MICRO-TIDAL MARINAS". Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, n.º 33 (15 de diciembre de 2012): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v33.currents.59.

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Flushing or residence times are typically used as a first step in assessing water quality in marinas, harbours and coastal basins. Recent publications have offered guidance in relation to optimal marina basin and entrance geometries to help achieve rapid renewal. However, these guidelines have been developed for the particular case where water exchange is strongly tide-driven and are not widely applicable, particularly in micro-tidal regions. Where water renewal rates are dominated by shear-driven circulation and lateral transfer of momentum at the interface between the marina and the adjacent water body (i.e. a mixing layer), there is a strong analogy to groyne fields and other cases involving flows containing quasi-stagnant peripheral areas (dead zones). A series of numerical hydrodynamic models, developed in the TELEMAC system, were used to investigate the potential for the dead zone model of water exchange to provide a better means to guide optimization of basin and entrance geometry under such conditions. Real-world marina case studies were used to identify any constraints affecting the practical implementation of such an approach. The numerical model results demonstrate particular conditions under which the dead zone model of water exchange can be used effectively to optimize marina basin and entrance geometry.

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Pineda, Mari-Carmen, Beatriz Lorente, Susanna López-Legentil, Creu Palacín y Xavier Turon. "Stochasticity in space, persistence in time: genetic heterogeneity in harbour populations of the introduced ascidianStyela plicata". PeerJ 4 (23 de junio de 2016): e2158. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2158.

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Spatio-temporal changes in genetic structure among populations provide crucial information on the dynamics of secondary spread for introduced marine species. However, temporal components have rarely been taken into consideration when studying the population genetics of non-indigenous species. This study analysed the genetic structure ofStyela plicata,a solitary ascidian introduced in harbours and marinas of tropical and temperate waters, across spatial and temporal scales. A fragment of the mitochondrial gene Cytochrome Oxidase subunit I (COI) was sequenced from 395 individuals collected at 9 harbours along the NW Mediterranean coast and adjacent Atlantic waters (> 1,200 km range) at two time points 5 years apart (2009 and 2014). The levels of gene diversity were relatively low for all 9 locations in both years. Analyses of genetic differentiation and distribution of molecular variance revealed strong genetic structure, with significant differences among many populations, but no significant differences among years. A weak and marginally significant correlation between geographic distance and gene differentiation was found. Our results revealed spatial structure and temporal genetic homogeneity inS. plicata, suggesting a limited role of recurrent, vessel-mediated transport of organisms among small to medium-size harbours. Our study area is representative of many highly urbanized coasts with dense harbours. In these environments, the episodic chance arrival of colonisers appears to determine the genetic structure of harbour populations and the genetic composition of these early colonising individuals persists in the respective harbours, at least over moderate time frames (five years) that encompass ca. 20 generations ofS. plicata.

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Isaacson, Michael, John Baldwin y Andrew Kennedy. "Wave reflection effects on small craft motions". Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 23, n.º 2 (1 de abril de 1996): 340–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l96-039.

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This paper describes an experimental and a numerical study of the wave-induced response of a moored vessel near a reflecting wall, for the purpose of incorporating wave reflection effects into wave agitation criteria for small craft harbours. The motions of a model vessel have been measured for a range of wave heights, wave periods, wave directions, mooring conditions, and vessel locations, and with both regular and irregular waves. These have been compared with the results of a numerical model based on linear diffraction theory. An expression is developed to relate vessel motions near a partially reflecting wall to motions in unreflected waves. This has been found to agree well with the experimental results, and is used to recommend an extension to existing wave agitation criteria for small craft harbours so as to take account of the presence of reflecting walls. Key words: coastal engineering, harbours, hydrodynamics, marinas, wave agitation, waves.

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Maguire, R. James y Suzanne P. Batchelor. "Survey for Tributyltin in Water and Sediment in Canada in 1999". Water Quality Research Journal 40, n.º 4 (1 de noviembre de 2005): 431–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2005.046.

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Abstract A survey of water and sediment from 152 harbours, marinas and shipping channels across Canada was conducted in 1999 to determine the extent of contamination by tributyltin (TBT) prior to the total ban on its antifouling uses being phased in over the period 2003 to 2008, and to assess the effectiveness of the 1989 regulation of antifouling uses of TBT under the Canadian Pest Control Products Act. TBT was found in sediments in this survey much more frequently than in water. The main conclusion was that by 1999 the regulation had been generally effective in reducing TBT contamination in water, but not sediment, in small-craft marinas and harbours. TBT continued to be found in some freshwater and seawater locations frequented by larger vessels, that could have been legally painted at the time with TBT antifouling paints, at concentrations that could cause chronic toxicity to aquatic organisms. TBT was also found in many marine sediments, and some freshwater sediments, at concentrations that could cause chronic toxicity to sensitive benthic organisms. In addition, TBT concentrations in many marine sediments could cause acute toxicity to sensitive benthic organisms. Because of the long persistence of TBT in sediments, it may pose a hazard to benthic organisms in some locations in Canada for many years after the total ban on antifouling uses of TBT.

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Adamiczka, Hanna. "Analysis of the Utilization Policy of Wrocław Yacht Harbors, Marinas and River Ports". Biblioteka Regionalisty 2023, n.º 23 (2023): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.15611/br.2023.1.01.

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The development of yacht harbours in Wrocław is a significant element of European transport policy, linked to maintaining mobility with minimal environmental impact. The increasing popularity of recreational navigation and the development of a port infrastructure reflect societal awareness and new expectations related to leisure. The Oder, the second longest river in Poland, serves as a navigable route, and the Wrocław Water Node constitutes a unique 45 km-long system. The research aimed to present Wrocław's spatial policy regarding yacht ports and marinas. The analysis of the major ports highlights the diversity of their condition while maintaining their port functions within local plans. Planned investments include new moorings, marinas, parking spaces, restaurants, green areas, and tourist infrastructure. These ports were also analysed based on Wrocław's ownership structure. The study employed various methods, including literature analysis, primary documents, legal acts, cartographic materials, field research, and in-depth interviews.

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Chouba, Cyrine, Olivier Pringault, Aurélien Domeau, Sophie Delpoux, Léa Causse, Mylène Marie, Rémi Freydier y Chrystelle Montigny. "Added Value of Water Column Spatiotemporal Monitoring to Assess Variability of Trace Metal Elements and Organotin Compounds in Mediterranean Harbours". Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 12, n.º 3 (26 de febrero de 2024): 399. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse12030399.

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Marinas are semi-enclosed environments characterised by reduced hydrodynamic energy, high sedimentation rates, and reduced oxygen levels. The ongoing development of activities and infrastructure construction are leading to deterioration in the quality of coastal aquatic environments, creating environmental risks. Trace metal elements (TMEs) and organotins are significant contaminants, prompting this study to evaluate the added value of spatiotemporal monitoring compared to one-time sediment assessments. Two Mediterranean harbours, Port Camargue (PC) and Port Carnon (C), differing in morphology and size, were monitored for a year with regular water sampling, focusing on TMEs and organotins. Sediment contamination, notably in the technical zone, revealed concentrations of Cu (309 and 1210 mg kg−1 for C and PC, respectively), Zn (242 and 425 mg kg−1 for C and PC, respectively), and tributyltin (TBT) (198 and 4678 µg (Sn) kg−1 for C and PC, respectively) surpassing the effect range medium (ERM), while other marina stations generally stayed below this threshold. Spatiotemporal water monitoring highlighted concentrations above environmental quality standards (EQS) at all stations of the larger marina. This exceedance was systematic for Cu and Zn in all samples, ranging respectively between 2.54 and 37.56 µg (Sn) L−1 and 0.63 and 33.48 µg (Sn) L−1. A notable temporal dynamic for TBT and Cu was also observed. Conversely, the open marina, connected to the open sea, rarely exhibited concentrations above EQS in water, despite sediment concentrations occasionally exceeding ERM values. This underscores that risk assessment in these ecosystems cannot rely solely on sediment characterisation.

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Bishop, Craig T. "Wave attenuation by rubble-lined channel walls". Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 14, n.º 6 (1 de diciembre de 1987): 828–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l87-121.

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An existing analytical model to predict wave attenuation in a straight vertically walled channel with one or both walls lined with rubble is tested and modified. Placing rubble at side slopes of 1.5 or 2 to 1 along vertical entrance channel walls is a technique used more and more to correct wave agitation problems in harbours. Tests were conducted in a laboratory flume with monochromatic waves and four different sizes of stone from 7.7 mm gravel to 90 mm gabion stone. The attenuation coefficient is found to vary with the ratio of water depth to period squared, d/gT2, with the relative channel width, w/d, and with the side slope of the rubble, m. Preliminary design curves are provided which allow a desk assessment of this technique to be made for a given harbour. The scale effects on wave attenuation due to stone size or shape appear to be negligible. Reynolds number scale effects are also shown to be unimportant over the range tested. Key words: coastal engineering, waves, marinas, wave agitation, wave attenuation.

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Ferrario, Jasmine, Sarah Caronni, Anna Occhipinti-Ambrogi y Agnese Marchini. "Role of commercial harbours and recreational marinas in the spread of non-indigenous fouling species". Biofouling 33, n.º 8 (8 de agosto de 2017): 651–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08927014.2017.1351958.

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Megina, Cesar, Manuel M. González-Duarte y Pablo J. López-González. "Benthic assemblages, biodiversity and invasiveness in marinas and commercial harbours: an investigation using a bioindicator group". Biofouling 32, n.º 4 (9 de marzo de 2016): 465–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08927014.2016.1151500.

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Bryan, G. W., P. E. Gibbs, G. R. Burt y L. G. Hummerstone. "The effects of tributyltin (TBT) accumulation on adult dog-whelks, Nucella lapillus: long-term field and laboratory experiments". Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 67, n.º 3 (agosto de 1987): 525–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315400027272.

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Populations of the gastropod, Nucella lapillus (L.), normally one of the commonest of rocky-shore macroinvertebrates, have recently suffered from declining numbers at many sites along the south coast of England. Bryan et al. (1986) showed that these declining populations exhibited a high degree of imposex (the induction of a penis and vas deferens in females) and that imposex was almost certainly caused by tributyltin (TBT) compounds leached from ships' antifouling paints. Evidence implicating TBT compounds in the development of imposex included: (1) a good relationship between the degree of imposex and the proximity of affected populations to harbours and marinas; (2) in Plymouth Sound, the degree of imposex increased dramatically between its discovery in 1969 (Blaber, 1970) and 1985, thus coinciding with the introduction and increasing usage of TBT-based paints; (3) tissue concentrations of tin as TBT increased consistently with the degree of imposex; (4) animals transplanted from a ‘clean’ area to a harbour site absorbed TBT and developed imposex; (5) preliminary experiments showed that imposex was induced by exposure to 20 ng/1 of tin as TBT leached from a TBT-based paint; (6) TBT is implicated in the induction of imposex in other stenoglossan gastropods including Nassarius obsoletus (Say) (Smith, 1981) and Ocenebra erinacea (L.) (Féral & Gall, 1982).

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Januchta-Szostak, Anna y Agata Karaśkiewicz. "Recreational Development in the Settlements of the Warta Valley in Wielkopolska". Turyzm 28, n.º 1 (1 de junio de 2018): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/tour-2018-0002.

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Abstract Riverside areas have substantial recreational and tourist assets, but their potential in the settlements of Wielkopolska is underused due to difficult access to the river and the poor development of the embankments. The aim of the research is to analyse the functional-spatial structure and the development of River Warta areas in the settlements of Wielkopolska with respect to their usefulness in recreation. Particular attention is paid to accessibility and the location of recreational infrastructure in the Warta Valley. Out of the eleven Wielkopolska settlements which were included, only in four – Konin, Śrem, Poznań and Sieraków – had sections of embankment boulevards been built. In the riverside areas there are few recreational facilities used in connection with the close proximity of the river. However, a great tourist asset of the Warta Valley is the Great Waterway Loop of Wielkopolska, which operates successfully due to the growing number of harbours and marinas in all the settlements included in the study.

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Januchta-Szostak, Anna y Agata Karaśkiewicz. "Recreational development in the settlements of the Warta Valley in Wielkopolska". Turyzm/Tourism 28, n.º 1 (30 de junio de 2018): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/0867-5856.28.1.10.

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Riverside areas have substantial recreational and tourist assets, but their potential in the settlements of Wielkopolska is underused due to difficult access to the river and the poor development of the embankments. The aim of the research is to analyse the functional-spatial structure and the development of River Warta areas in the settlements of Wielkopolska with respect to their usefulness in recreation. Particular attention is paid to accessibility and the location of recreational infrastructure in the Warta Valley. Out of the eleven Wielkopolska settlements which were included, only in four – Konin, Śrem, Poznań and Sieraków – had sections of embankment boulevards been built. In the riverside areas there are few recreational facilities used in connection with the close proximity of the river. However, a great tourist asset of the Warta Valley is the Great Waterway Loop of Wielkopolska, which operates successfully due to the growing number of harbours and marinas in all the settlements included in the study.

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Sierra, J. P., M. Casas-Prat, M. Virgili, C. Mösso y A. Sánchez-Arcilla. "Projected impact on wave-driven harbour agitation due to climate change – application to the Catalan ports". Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences Discussions 3, n.º 2 (4 de febrero de 2015): 955–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhessd-3-955-2015.

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Abstract. The objective of the present work is to analyse how changes in wave patterns due to the effect of climate change can affect harbour agitation (oscillations within the port due to wind waves). The study focuses on 13 harbours located on the Catalan coast (NW Mediterranean) using a methodology with general applicability. To obtain the patterns of agitation, a Boussinesq-type model is used, which is forced at the boundaries by present/future offshore wave conditions extracted from recently developed high-resolution wave projections in the NW Mediterranean. These wave projections were obtained with the SWAN model forced by present/future surface wind fields projected, respectively, by 5 different combinations of global and regional circulation models (GCMs and RCMs) for the A1B scenario. The results show a general slight reduction in the annual average agitation for most of the ports, except for the northernmost and southernmost areas of the region, where a slight increase is obtained. A seasonal analysis reveals that the tendency to decrease is accentuated in winter. However, the inter-model variability is large for both the winter and the annual analysis and many ports present at least one model configuration showing a rise in the agitation. Conversely, a general increase is found during summer, which is the period with greater activity in most of the studied ports (marinas). The latter result is more consistent among models, which illustrates the lower inter-model variability in summer.

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Sierra, J. P., M. Casas-Prat, M. Virgili, C. Mösso y A. Sánchez-Arcilla. "Impacts on wave-driven harbour agitation due to climate change in Catalan ports". Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 15, n.º 8 (3 de agosto de 2015): 1695–709. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-15-1695-2015.

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Abstract. The objective of the present work is to analyse how changes in wave patterns due to the effect of climate change can affect harbour agitation (oscillations within the port due to wind waves). The study focuses on 13 harbours located on the Catalan coast (NW Mediterranean) using a methodology with general applicability. To obtain the patterns of agitation, a Boussinesq-type model is used, which is forced at the boundaries by present/future offshore wave conditions extracted from recently developed high-resolution wave projections in the NW Mediterranean. These wave projections were obtained with the SWAN model forced by present/future surface wind fields projected, respectively, by five different combinations of global and regional circulation models (GCMs and RCMs) for the A1B scenario. The results show a general slight reduction in the annual average agitation for most of the ports, except for the northernmost and southernmost areas of the region, where a slight increase is obtained. A seasonal analysis reveals that the tendency to decrease is accentuated in winter. However, the inter-model variability is large for both the winter and the annual analysis. Conversely, a general increase with a larger agreement among models is found during summer, which is the period with greater activity in most of the studied ports (marinas). A qualitative assessment of the factors of variability seems to indicate that the choice of GCM tends to affect the spatial pattern, whereas the choice of RCM induces a more homogeneous bias over the regional domain.

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Torkkola, Janne, Cynthia Riginos y Libby Liggins. "Regional patterns of mtDNA diversity in Styela plicata, an invasive ascidian, from Australian and New Zealand marinas". Marine and Freshwater Research 64, n.º 2 (2013): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf12289.

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The ascidian Styela plicata is abundant in harbours and marinas worldwide and has likely reached this distribution via human-mediated dispersal. Previous worldwide surveys based on mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase one (COI) sequences have described two divergent clades, showing overlapping distributions and geographically widespread haplotypes. These patterns are consistent with recent mixing among genetically differentiated groups arising from multiple introductions from historically distinct sources. In contrast, a study of Australian S. plicata using nuclear markers found that population differentiation along the eastern coast related to geographic distance and no evidence for admixture between previously isolated genetic groups. We re-examined the genetic patterns of Australian S. plicata populations using mtDNA (CO1) to place their genetic patterns within a global context, and we examined New Zealand populations for the first time. We found that the haplotypic compositions of Australian and New Zealand populations are largely representative of other worldwide populations. The New Zealand populations, however, exhibited reduced diversity, being potentially indicative of a severely bottlenecked colonisation event. In contrast to results from nuclear markers, population differentiation of mtDNA among Australian S. plicata was unrelated to geographic distance. The discrepancy between markers is likely to be a consequence of non-equilibrium population genetic processes that typify non-indigenous species.

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Jupp, Barry P., Scott W. Fowler, Sergey Dobretsov, Henk van der Wiele y Ahmed Al-Ghafri. "Assessment of heavy metal and petroleum hydrocarbon contamination in the Sultanate of Oman with emphasis on harbours, marinas, terminals and ports". Marine Pollution Bulletin 121, n.º 1-2 (agosto de 2017): 260–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.05.015.

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Schernewski, Gerald, Gabriela Escobar Sánchez, Philipp Wandersee, Xaver Lange, Mirco Haseler y Abdallah Nassour. "Marine Macro-Litter (Plastic) Pollution of German and North African Marina and City-Port Sea Floors". Applied Sciences 13, n.º 20 (18 de octubre de 2023): 11424. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app132011424.

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The macro-litter (plastic) sea-bottom pollution of 14 city harbors and marinas in North Africa and in the western Baltic Sea was investigated using a new simple mobile underwater camera system. The study was complemented by a harbor-manager survey and 3D hydrodynamic transport simulations. The average pollution in German marinas was 0.1 particles/m2 sea floor (0.04–1.75). The pollution in North African marinas on average was seven times higher (0.7 particles/m2) and exceeded 3 particles/m2 in city-center harbors. The resulting > 100,000 litter particles per harbor indicate the existence of a problem. At 73–74%, plastic particles are dominating. Existing legal and management frameworks explain the lack of plastic bottles and bags on sea floors in Germany and are one reason for the lower pollution levels. Items that indicate the role of untreated sewage water were not found. Harbor festivals seem to be quantitatively irrelevant for open sea-bottom pollution. Our method tends to underestimate the pollution level. Model simulations indicate that storms can cause litter reallocations and sediment cleanings. However, marina sea-floor monitoring is recommendable because it addresses pollution hotspots, is cost-effective and takes place close to emission sources. Further, the effectiveness of land-based pollution-reduction measures can easily be assessed.

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FERNANDEZ-GONZALEZ, V. y P. SANCHEZ-JEREZ. "Fouling assemblages associated with off-coast aquaculture facilities: an overall assessment of the Mediterranean Sea". Mediterranean Marine Science 18, n.º 1 (13 de febrero de 2017): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.1806.

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Aquaculture facilities provide a suitable habitat for a wide group of marine species that are able to colonise and settle on artificial structures. This study aims to determine the composition of fouling communities in off-coast facilities, with special emphasis on motile epifauna and amphipods as a main group. Seventeen aquaculture sites were sampled along the Mediterranean coast, collecting samples by scraping fouling organisms directly from the ropes. Additionally, thirty publications were reviewed, in order to assess the similarity of aquaculture fouling with other fouling communities. Our results reflect that amphipods accounted for more than 80% of the epifauna associated with farms fouling communities. This characteristic epifauna was defined by seven amphipod species well-adapted to colonise and survive in these off-coast habitats. Most species common in farms have also been commonly found in harbours, marinas, and/or offshore on turtles, buoys or platforms etc., showing a great resistance to polluted areas but also to dispersal via rafting on floating objects. In this study, two exotic species were identified: Caprella scaura and Stenothoe georgiana, the latter being the first report from the Mediterranean Sea. The presence of Jassa slatteryi was also confirmed, underestimated until now in the Mediterranean.

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Rodríguez, Álvaro Sánchez, Zoraida Sosa Ferrera y José Juan Santana Rodríguez. "A preliminary assessment of levels of antifouling booster biocides in harbours and marinas of the island of Gran Canaria, using SPE-HPLC". Environmental Chemistry Letters 9, n.º 2 (29 de diciembre de 2009): 203–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10311-009-0265-3.

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K T, Gürsel. "Design of a Marine Autonomous Surface Vehicle for Geological and Geophysical Surveys". Scientific Bulletin of Naval Academy XIX, n.º 1 (15 de julio de 2018): 20–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.21279/1454-864x-18-i1-003.

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Geological and geophysical surveys, which are the basis for engineering studies on marine structures, pipelines, harbours and marinas, both in offshore and in coastal areas, are customarily carried out using fully equipped research vessels or small craft with appropriate equipment related to this work, and with intensive human labour. This traditional method is very costly, requires extra manpower and equipment and increases the risk to life and property, as well as being dependent on ephemeral weather conditions. A prototype unmanned surface vehicle named JEO-IDA (Marine Autonomous Surface Vehicle) was produced by our team within the scope of a project, which will enable real-time monitoring of the data that are obtained by a side scanning sonar and a single beam echosounder installed on the vehicle for geological and geophysical surveys, from a land-based station. The result of this study is the prototype platform of whose mission is to investigate three-dimensional geological and morphological structures of the seabed with high-resolution and to prepare their maps as well as carrying out coastal and offshore surveys in construction and operation phases. In the scope of this research, studies and hull form selection in the design of the unmanned autonomous surface vehicle are discussed in detail.

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Andrew Yip Jun Kit, Sunny Goh Eng Giap y Mohammad Fadhli Ahmad. "Experimental Study on Wave Transmission Coefficient of Double Cylindrical Floating Breakwater in a Wave Basin". Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 112, n.º 2 (20 de enero de 2024): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.112.2.3342.

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Floating breakwater is a better alternative than the conventional method. It is an effective coastal engineering unit used to protect coastal regions such as harbours and marinas from erosive waves. It has many other applications such as offshore renewable energy generation, infrastructure preservation, temporary structure, and provides a controlled environment for aquaculture activities. The floating breakwater such as the double cylindrical floating breakwater (DCFB) is claimed to have effective wave attenuation characteristics. A lab scale investigation was done by placing the DCFB in a controlled wave basin in with wave generator to generate wave and wave gauge to quantify the wave transmission coefficient. The wave transmission coefficient represents the effectiveness of the breakwater system in attenuating incoming waves, where an effective breakwater system will result in a low transmission coefficient value. In this study, the DCFB’s effectiveness in terms of wave transmission coefficient was investigated with two different configurations where the spacing between the cylinders of the DCFB units are 0.2 m and 0.6 m respectively. Results show that the configuration of DCFB units with 0.5 m cylinder spacing are more effective in absorbing incoming wave height resulting in lower transmission coefficient. Furthermore, some prospective areas had been identified for future enhancement.

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Arenas, F., J. D. D. Bishop, J. T. Carlton, P. J. Dyrynda, W. F. Farnham, D. J. Gonzalez, M. W. Jacobs et al. "Alien species and other notable records from a rapid assessment survey of marinas on the south coast of England". Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 86, n.º 6 (diciembre de 2006): 1329–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315406014354.

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In September 2004, a rapid assessment survey for non-native species was conducted at 12 harbours along the south coast of England from East Sussex to Cornwall, focusing on communities of algae and invertebrates colonizing floating pontoons in marinas. Over 80 taxa each of algae and invertebrates were recorded, including 20 recognized non-native species. The southern hemisphere solitary ascidian Corella eumyota was recorded in the UK for the first time and was present at three sites. The colonial ascidian Botrylloides violaceus was also recorded as new to the UK, but was very widespread and has probably been present for a number of years but misidentified as the native congener B. leachi, which was infrequent. Other ascidians included Styela clava, introduced at Plymouth in the early 1950s, which was recorded at all locations visited, and Perophora japonica, which was found only at the Plymouth locality where it first occurred in the UK in 1999. The diverse algal flora included nine alien species previously recorded in the British Isles. Range extensions and population increases were noted for the kelp Undaria pinnatifida and the bryozoan Tricellaria inopinata, both first recorded in UK waters during the 1990s. The widespread occurrence of another non-native bryozoan, Bugula neritina, appears significant, since in earlier times this was known in UK waters predominantly from artificially heated docks. The results of this survey indicate that dock pontoon systems in southern England are significant reservoirs of non-native species dispersed by vessels and other means. The proliferation of these structures is therefore of conservation importance. The new UK records highlight the need for periodic monitoring of ports for non-native species.

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26

Gibbs, P. E., P. L. Pascoe y G. R. Burt. "Sex Change in the Female Dog-Whelk, Nucella Lapillus, Induced by Tributyltin from Antifouling Paints". Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 68, n.º 4 (noviembre de 1988): 715–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315400028824.

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Imposex, the development of a penis and vas deferens in the female (Smith, 1971) is known to occur in over 30 species of marine gastropods but, to date, in only one species has this syndrome been demonstrated to have a serious deleterious effect. This species is the dog-whelk, Nucella lapillus L. Both field and laboratory observations have provided conclusive evidence that imposex in N. lapillus is initiated by tributyltin (TBT), used as a biocide in antifouling paints, at concentrations in water of less than 1 ng Sn/1. This feature is manifest in the widespread occurrence of imposex even in areas far removed from centres of boating activity (see Bryan et al. 1986). Imposex appears to have little effect on the reproductive biology of N. lapillus until this syndrome is developed to its fullest extent when it sterilises the female because the pallial oviduct becomes occluded by vas deferens tissue thus preventing expulsion of the egg capsules (Gibbs & Bryan, 1986). Laboratory experiments have indicated that this condition, found in females close to harbours and marinas, may prevail after prolonged exposure during the first few years of life to TBT levels as low as 2 ng Sn/1 (Gibbs et al. 1987). Of six organotin compounds tested by Bryan, Gibbs & Burt (1988), tributyltin chloride proved the most effective in promoting imposex in N. lapillus.

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27

GUERRA-GARCÍA, JOSÉ MANUEL, TRIANA REVANALES, PABLO SAENZ-ARIAS, CARLOS NAVARRO-BARRANCO, SOFÍA RUIZ-VELASCO, MARÍA PASTOR-MONTERO, JUAN SEMPERE-VALVERDE et al. "Quick spreading of the exotic amphipod Laticorophium baconi (Shoemaker, 1934): another small stowaway overlooked?" Mediterranean Marine Science 24, n.º 3 (12 de diciembre de 2023): 644–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.35817.

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Studies of non-indigenous species (NIS) often tend to focus on medium and large-sized taxa with potential for remarkable ecological and/or economic impact, whereas the early detection of small invertebrates is often delayed due to taxonomic challenge, lack of consistent, standardised monitoring efforts and limited funding. This study represents the first records of the marine amphipod Laticorophium baconi (Shoemaker, 1934) in Morocco, Tunisia, Corsica (France), Italy, Greece, Egypt, Saudi Arabia and New Caledonia (France). Furthermore, it reports an expansion of its known distribution in Portugal (earliest and northernmost record for the country and first record for Macaronesia), Spain (earliest record for Atlantic and Mediterranean European waters), and Australia (first record for Indian Ocean). Recreational boating and commercial shipping, mainly through hull fouling and secondarily ballast waters, are proposed as vectors for introduction and secondary spread of L. baconi. The following traits, analysed during the present study, could contribute to its invasive potential: (i) quick and extensive spread of the species worldwide, (ii) high densities in marinas, harbours, hull fouling and other artificial habitats, including aquaculture facilities and floating debris, (iii) high ability for short-term colonisation of empty artificial niches, (iv) diet based on detritus suggesting an opportunistic feeding behaviour, and (v) population survival during seasonal fluctuations in different regions. Taxonomic expertise and scientific collaboration, based on multidisciplinary networks of experts, are crucial for the early detection, distribution updates, and risk assessment of small and overlooked stowaways in marine environments.

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28

Rebai, Nourhene, Nawfel Mosbahi, Jean-Claude Dauvin y Lassad Neifar. "Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals and Environmental Quality of Tunisian Harbours". Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, n.º 11 (2 de noviembre de 2022): 1625. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10111625.

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Harbours are one of the most disturbed coastal ecosystems due to intensive anthropogenic pressures. This study aimed for the first time to compare anthropogenic impacts in three harbours from the central coast of Tunisia (Mediterranean Sea) employing analysis of heavy metal contamination and ecological quality status (EcoQS). Sampling was carried out in spring 2019 in the fishing harbour of Teboulba, the marina of Monastir, and the commercial harbour of Sousse. The high levels of concentration in heavy metals and organic matter were closely related to the fine-grained fraction of the sediment in the fishing and commercial harbours. A total of 94 macrobenthic species, including five nonindigenous species, were identified belonging to six zoological groups. Multivariate analyses highlighted a strong influence of the harbour activity on the diversity of macrozoobenthic communities. Three benthic assemblages were identified according to their environmental characteristics such as sediment type, organic matter content, and heavy metal contamination. Benthic and biotic indices (H′, J′, AMBI, and BO2A) showed that the EcoQS varied from poor (commercial harbour) to good (marina), and was significantly influenced by harbour activity, organic matter, and heavy metal contamination of the sediment. The present work could be considered as providing important baseline data for the implementation of national environmental policies and management plans in the future.

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29

Maguire, R. James. "Aquatic Environmental Aspects of Non-Pesticidal Organotin Compounds". Water Quality Research Journal 26, n.º 3 (1 de agosto de 1991): 243–360. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.1991.016.

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Abstract Non-pesticidal organotin compounds in Canadian commerce are those of monomethyltin, dimethyltin, monobutyltin, dibutyltin, monooctyltin and dioctyltin. A review is presented of the uses, methods of analysis, environmental occurrence and aquatic toxicity of these compounds, which are scheduled for assessment under the Canadian Environmental Protection Act. It is likely that the most important non-pesticidal route of entry of these compounds to the environment will be through leaching of organotin-stabilized poly(vinyl chloride) by water. Monomethyltin and dimethyltin are widespread in the global environment. Monobutyltin and dibutyltin have been found frequently in harbours, marinas and shipping channels in Canada and elsewhere, arising largely as degradation products from the use of the antifouling agent tributyltin which is now regulated in Canada. There are few reports in the literature on the occurrence of butyltin species as a result of non-pesticidal uses or uses of tributyltin other than as an antifouling agent. Monooctyltin and dioctyltin have not been found to date in Canada or elsewhere in environmental samples. Judging from concentrations which have been reported to date, it appears that the mono- and di-methyltin, butyltin and octyltin species pose no threat to aquatic organisms in Canada vis-à-vis acute toxicity. Data on the persistence of these species in aquatic environments are in some cases fragmentary or non-existent, but in general it appears that these species would not be persistent in aquatic environments, with half-lives estimated to be less than a few months at 20°C.

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30

Agarwal, Arpit, Scott Fenical, Kirsten McElhinney, Paul Carangelo y David Krams. "ANALYSIS OF HIGH FREQUENCY BREAKING WAVES AND LOW FREQUENCY SURGES GENERATED IN HARBORS DUE TO PASSAGE OF DEEP-DRAFT TANKERS". Coastal Engineering Proceedings, n.º 36 (30 de diciembre de 2018): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v36.waves.27.

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Clineâ€™s Point Marina, located in Port Aransas, TX, has been experiencing detrimental conditions near the marinaâ€™s entrance and within the marina itself during the passage of deep-draft ship traffic. The wave activity is primarily generated by pressure field effects from large, laden outbound vessels in Corpus Christi Ship Channel (CCSC). The basin was originally protected by an approximately 180 ft. long breakwater constructed in 1976 on the west side of the entrance which by 1980 has deteriorated and partially failed to 120 ft. long breakwater and continued deteriorating over time, reaching its approximate 60 ft. long current condition by 2003. The deterioration of this breakwater has reportedly resulted in enhanced penetration of deep-draft vessel wave activity into the marina (Figure 1). Mott MacDonald (MM) evaluated the mechanisms by which waves are generated in the navigation channel, transform, and enter the harbor, quantified the level of protection afforded by past and present entrance breakwater configuration(s), and developed conceptual alternatives for improving conditions inside the marina.

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31

Kantarzhi, I. G. y A. V. Kuprin. "Forecasting and controlling the quality of water in a yachting harbour". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1061, n.º 1 (1 de julio de 2022): 012024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1061/1/012024.

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Abstract The paper uses mathematical modelling and experiments to study the quality of water in semi-enclosed areas. The new approaches used focus on estimating the limitations of the low dimension water quality models. The paper presents a method based on the numerical modeling of the processes used to forecast and protect the sea water quality during the design of coastal constructions, i.e. ports, recreation, and shore protection. The enclosed coastal water areas are subject to intensive pollution while their water exchange with the main basin is limited. Maintaining the quality of water in the yachting ports is a very urgent issue because the water quality is both an environmental and a consumer property of the marinas. The authors studied a simulation of an emergency marine spill and its further dynamics for the the “Grand-Marina Sochi” yachting port, which is to be located at seaport Sochi, Russian Black Sea coast.

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32

Rafał, Kaźmierczak, Szczepańska Agnieszka, Grunwald Grzegorz, Kowalczyk Cezary y Tanajewski Dariusz. "Conceptual framework of a Global Yacht Positioning System in Poland". Applied Geomatics 14, n.º 1 (30 de noviembre de 2021): 79–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12518-021-00413-z.

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AbstractThe sailing market continues to develop rapidly and has a high growth potential. Sailing is one of the most popular types of recreational activity in Poland due to an abundance of lakes, including the Great Masurian Lakeland Trail which received a special mention from UNESCO. The development of nautical tourism requires effective organizational and technical solutions. The absence of a public mooring information system in Poland’s inland harbors has prompted the development of the Global Yacht Positioning System (GYPS) for mobile devices. The design process was preceded by a survey of sailors and marina operators to identify their needs and expectations, as well as an inventory of marinas in the Polish region of Masuria. The developed prototype system is a mobile application that relies on data transmission, communication and satellite technologies. The proposed solution is a convenient tool that will facilitate the operations of inland harbors and improve navigation safety.

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33

Pattiaratchi, Charitha y Sarath Wijeratne. "PROCESSES LEADING TO INFRA-GRAVITY PERIOD OSCILLATIONS AND CURRENTS IN PORTS AND MARINAS". Coastal Engineering Proceedings, n.º 36 (30 de diciembre de 2018): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v36.currents.78.

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In this paper, we take the broad definition of tsunami (â€˜harbour waveâ€™) to describe oscillations in the infragravity (IG) periods (between 30 and 300s) in ports and marinas that often lead to interruption in harbour operations due to excessive vessel movements. The main processes that lead to these oscillations (also called seiches) are examined through the analysis of field measurements of water levels and currents from Western Australia. In a port or marina with lengths of the order of 500m and depths of the order of 10m, the natural oscillation periods are of the order of a few minutes. Changes in water levels in the coastal ocean adjacent to the port can setup oscillations within the port at its natural frequency. This results in water level fluctuations and strong horizontal currents within the port. If the incoming forcing is close to the natural frequency of oscillation resonance conditions may arise resulting in increased agitation inside the port. In addition if the harbour oscillation periods coincide with natural period of moored vessels, harbour operations can be severely interrupted due to strong vessel movements damaging to mooring lines and fenders.

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34

Bartolić, Ivana, Goran Lončar, Damjan Bujak y Dalibor Carević. "The Flow Generator Relations for Water Renewal through the Flushing Culverts in Marinas". Water 10, n.º 7 (13 de julio de 2018): 936. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10070936.

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An understanding of the relationship between the flow generators and harbor design could result in an acceptable seawater renewal into an enclosed basin. The flushing culverts located in the breakwater are the most cost-effective technique for improving water renewal in port engineering. The aim of the paper was to identify and quantify the relation between flow generators and culvert flow to propose an optimal position for the flushing culverts. Mentioned relations are important for designing and positioning the flushing culverts in marinas to achieve optimal sea exchange in the marina basin. Field measurements in the marina Opatija were performed and the data served for calibrating a 3D circulation model and a wave generation/propagation model. The absolute volume of the flow through the culverts caused by wind waves has the more important contribution to the water renewal in the marina basin than the coastal springs have. The optimal flow rates through the culverts are performed by positioning the flushing culvert axis at the mean sea level in accordance with the main incident direction of the propagating waves.

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35

KILIÇ, Tamer y Emre YAVUZEL. "A Qualitative Analysis of Human Resources Practices in Yacht Harbors and Marinas in Türkiye". Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Vizyoner Dergisi 14, n.º 37 (25 de febrero de 2023): 139–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21076/vizyoner.1133059.

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The study aims to analyze Human Resources Management (HRM) practices, especially Human Resources (HR) planning methods and to develop suggestions for yacht harbors and marinas in Türkiye. The study population comprises 41 yacht harbors and marinas on the Mediterranean, Aegean, and Marmara coasts. Semi-structured interviews are conducted with the HR managers of the companies. The content analysis method is used, the questions in the interview form are collected under three main themes, and the answers received from the participants are converted into data sets under the same themes. Although there is no HR department, the findings reveal that HR practices are carried out with a modern understanding in most yacht harbors and marinas. HR information systems are used in HR planning, recruitment, selection, performance evaluation, compensation, training, and development. Due to the difficulties in recruiting technical personnel in some companies, there are problems in employing eligible candidates at the right place and time. Since employees with higher education in the sector contribute more, they are primarily preferred in recruitment. As a result, with the HR specialists, significant improvements can be made in HRM, especially the efficiency of HR planning in yacht harbors and marinas.

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36

Lambert, C. C. y G. Lambert. "Non-indigenous ascidians in southern California harbors and marinas". Marine Biology 130, n.º 4 (26 de marzo de 1998): 675–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002270050289.

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37

Specht, Mariusz, Cezary Specht, Maciej Szafran, Artur Makar, Paweł Dąbrowski, Henryk Lasota y Piotr Cywiński. "The Use of USV to Develop Navigational and Bathymetric Charts of Yacht Ports on the Example of National Sailing Centre in Gdańsk". Remote Sensing 12, n.º 16 (11 de agosto de 2020): 2585. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12162585.

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Apart from extensive infrastructure protection, modern yacht ports should primarily provide vessels with navigational safety associated with their maneuvering on the approach fairway, as well as mooring in the port aquatory. For this reason, yachts entering the harbor should have up-to-date, accurate, and reliable charts of the port and its surroundings. This article presents hydrographic surveys conducted in the National Sailing Centre (NSC) yacht port at the Gdańsk University of Physical Education and Sport (GUPES), whose aim was to define and develop unique bathymetric and navigational charts of the harbor and the approach fairway. These can be used for example to manage berths in the marina or inform about the depths in the yacht port and on the approach fairway. The chart of the NSC-GUPES and its approach fairway is Poland’s first cartographic image of a harbor, performed entirely on the basis of surveys conducted by an Unmanned Surface Vehicle (USV). The study results demonstrated that the use of a small-sized USV in bathymetric measurements of yacht ports and marinas was significantly more effective than the traditional (manned) hydrographic surveys. Such vessels allow measurements to be carried out in hard-to-reach locations, even between mooring vessels, and in the immediate vicinity of quays. Thanks to the implemented automatic mode of steering on sounding profiles, USVs are equally efficient and capable of carrying out hydrographic surveys on a larger waterbody, i.e., the approach fairway.

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38

NOVAK, L., S. LÓPEZ-LEGENTIL, E. SIERADZKI y N. SHENKAR. "Rapid establishment of the non-indigenous ascidian Styela plicata and its associated bacteria in marinas and fishing harbors along the Mediterranean coast of Israel". Mediterranean Marine Science 18, n.º 2 (24 de julio de 2017): 324. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.2135.

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Styela plicata (Lesueur, 1823) (Tunicata; Stolidobranchia; Styelidae) is a solitary ascidian with a global distribution. Until recently it had not been observed along the Mediterranean coast of Israel, but is now to be found in many harbors attached to suspended ropes and other artificial structures. In order to monitor the populations of S. plicata, we surveyed eight harbors along the Israeli Mediterranean coast. Our results show that the condition and maintenance of each harbor significantly affected the presence of S. plicata. We also characterized the microbial communities in the tunic of three individuals using 16S rRNA gene tag pyrosequencing and compared them to those in the surrounding seawater, in order to determine whether the symbiotic bacteria may contribute to the successful establishment of this ascidian species. We found 15 bacterial phyla in total, of which 14 were present in the animal hosts: 6 were present in all of the individuals and 4 in two of the individuals. Three of the 15 phyla observed were absent in the surrounding seawater. The high variability among the three hosts suggests a mechanism of horizontal transmission and may play a role in the process of invading new and less tolerant niches.

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39

Maggio, Teresa, Federica Cattapan, Manuela Falautano, Daniel Julian, Roberto Malinverni, Elena Poloni, Walter Sanseverino, Sara Todesco y Luca Castriota. "eDNA Metabarcoding Analysis as Tool to Assess the Presence of Non-Indigenous Species (NIS): A Case Study in the Bilge Water". Diversity 15, n.º 11 (27 de octubre de 2023): 1117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d15111117.

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One of the most important causes of biodiversity loss are non-indigenous species (NIS), in particular invasive ones. The dispersion of NIS mainly depends on anthropogenic activities such as maritime traffic, which account for almost half of the total NIS introduction in the European seas, as reported by the European Environmental Agency. For this reason, NIS management measures are mainly focused on commercial ports (i.e., ballast water management and Marine Strategy Framework Directive monitoring), underestimating the role of marinas and tourist harbors; these host small vessels (<20 m), such as recreational, fishery, and sail ones without ballast waters, but are also responsible for NIS arrival and spread through the bilge water as well as from hull fouling. With the aim of paying attention to marinas and tourist harbors and validating an innovative molecular methodology for NIS surveillance and monitoring, in the present work, eDNA metabarcoding of cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) was applied to both bilge waters and adjacent ones to assess species composition and particularly NIS presence. A total of 140 OTUs/species with extra-Mediterranean distribution were found in the bilge samples; several of these are most likely ascribed to food contamination (e.g., Salmo salar). Excluding food contamination species, twelve of these found in the bilge waters were already known as NIS in the Mediterranean Sea, belonging to algae, mollusks, crustaceans, annelids, echinoderms, and fishes. Nine of these species are new to Italian waters. The results obtained in the present work support the importance of NIS monitoring in marinas and small harbors, particularly in the bilge waters, through eDNA metabarcoding, having detected several potential NIS that otherwise would not have been discovered.

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40

Lambert, Gretchen y Karen Sanamyan. "Distaplia alaskensis sp.nov. (Ascidiacea, Aplousobranchia) and other new ascidian records from south-central Alaska, with a redescription of Ascidia columbiana (Huntsman, 1912)". Canadian Journal of Zoology 79, n.º 10 (1 de octubre de 2001): 1766–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z01-141.

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Alaskan ascidians are incompletely known and rarely sampled. The Smithsonian Environmental Research Center recently conducted an extensive survey of harbors and marinas for nonindigenous species at major marine traffic sites on the Kenai Peninsula and Prince William Sound in Alaska. Collections made during summer 1998 and 1999 included 12 species of ascidians, one of which is a new species of Distaplia, D. alaskensis. We consider it indigenous, though it could be cryptogenic because it was collected only from marina floats and no neighboring natural subtidal areas have ever been sampled. All the other species are natives except Botrylloides violaceus. This aggressive invader from Japan has recently spread rapidly along both coasts of the U.S.A. and Canada as well as in many other parts of the world, and is here reported from Alaska for the first time. Ascidia columbiana (Huntsman, 1912), synonymized in 1924 by Hartmeyer under Ascidia callosa, has now been shown to be a valid species, based on differences in morphology and reproductive mode; a redescription of A. columbiana is included here. Several species collected in 2000 at the Sitka Sea Farm mariculture facility near Sitka are also included. Because all these collections are from areas never before sampled for ascidians, all are new records for these species.

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41

Ghabban, Hanaa, Doha A. Albalawi, Amenah S. Al-otaibi, Dikhnah Alshehri, Asma Massad Alenzi, Marfat Alatawy, Hanan Ali Alatawi, Dalia Kamal Alnagar y Ahmad Bahieldin. "Investigating the bacterial community of gray mangroves (Avicennia marina) in coastal areas of Tabuk region". PeerJ 12 (18 de octubre de 2024): e18282. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.18282.

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Mangrove vegetation, a threatened and unique inter-tidal ecosystem, harbours a complex and largely unexplored bacterial community crucial for nutrient cycling and the degradation of toxic pollutants in coastal areas. Despite its importance, the bacterial community composition of the gray mangrove (Avicennia marina) in the Red Sea coastal regions remains under-studied. This study aims to elucidate the structural and functional diversity of the microbiome in the bulk and rhizospheric soils associated with A. marina in the coastal areas of Ras Alshabaan-Umluj (Umluj) and Almunibrah-Al-Wajh (Al-Wajh) within the Tabuk region of Saudi Arabia. Amplicon sequencing targeting the 16S rRNA was performed using the metagenomic DNAs from the bulk and rhizospheric soil samples from Umluj and Al-Wajh. A total of 6,876 OTUs were recovered from all samples, of which 1,857 OTUs were common to all locations while the total number of OTUs unique to Al-wajh was higher (3,011 OTUs) than the total number of OTUs observed (1,324 OTUs) at Umluj site. Based on diversity indices, overall bacterial diversity was comparatively higher in rhizospheric soil samples of both sites. Comparing the diversity indices for the rhizosphere samples from the two sites revealed that the diversity was much higher in the rhizosphere samples from Al-Wajh as compared to those from Umluj. The most dominant genera in rhizosphere sample of Al-Wajh were Geminicoccus and Thermodesulfovibrio while the same habitat of the Umluj site was dominated by Propionibacterium, Corynebacterium and Staphylococcus. Bacterial functional potential prediction analyses showed that bacteria from two locations have almost similar patterns of functional genes including amino acids and carbohydrates metabolisms, sulfate reduction and C-1 compound metabolism and xenobiotics biodegradation. However, the rhizosphere samples of both sites harbour more genes involved in the utilization and assimilation of C-1 compounds. Our results reveal that bacterial communities inhabiting the rhizosphere of A. marina differed significantly from those in the bulk soil, suggesting a possible role of A. marina roots in shaping these bacterial communities. Additionally, not only vegetation but also geographical location appears to influence the overall bacterial composition at the two sites.

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42

Schwartz, R. A. y J. Imberger. "FLUSHING BEHAVIOUR OF A COASTAL MARINA". Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, n.º 21 (29 de enero de 1988): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v21.195.

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The flushing characteristics of a newly constructed marina were determined from a comprehensive field study which included a dye dilution experiment together with measurements of barotropic and baroclinic forcing parameters. The results to be presented show that the major exchange process in this particular marina is a baroclinic circulation, and that the exchange rate is controlled by the harbour entrance geometry.

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43

Albanese, Vincenzo, Keith Powell y Giovanni Cuomo. "COMBINED PHYSICAL AND NUMERICAL MODELLING TO INFORM OPTIMAL MARINA DESIGN". Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, n.º 33 (15 de diciembre de 2012): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v33.structures.79.

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A new Marina, capable of hosting up to 1,000 boats, is being constructed along the southern Tyrrhenian Sea coast of Italy. The Marina is separated from the shore by a 80 m wide channel and access to the harbour will be via a bridge designed by Santiago Calatrava. Design improvements and refinements were identified through physical and numerical model studies. This paper shows the important role of numerical and physical models in the design process of a marina. For this project the physical model study has confirmed the effectiveness of the optimised design

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44

Borrero, Jose C., Rob Brown, Sam O'Neill, Dylan Lease y Roger Stephenson. "REDESIGN OF TUTUKAKA MARINA FOR TSUNAMI RESILIENCE". Coastal Engineering Proceedings, n.º 37 (1 de septiembre de 2023): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v37.structures.94.

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Tutukaka Harbor is located on the east coast of New Zealand, approximately 140 km north of Auckland. At the head of the harbor is Tutukaka Marina which is a popular focal point for maritime recreation and an important economic driver for the area. Tutukaka Harbor is a well-known tsunami ‘hot spot’ as the irregularly shaped harbor is known to amplify incident tsunami energy due to resonance (Borrero and O’Neill, 2019). The objective of this study is to investigate a possible reconfiguration of the entrance to Tutukaka Marina to reduce the severity of tsunami induced currents. Over the years, breakwaters have been constructed narrowing the entrance to the marina. While the breakwaters are effective in blocking wind and swell wave energy, they have had the unintended consequence of enhancing tsunami induced currents forced through the narrow (60 m wide) gap.

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Nichols, Claire L., Gretchen Lambert y Marie L. Nydam. "Continued persistence of non-native ascidians in Southern California harbors and marinas". Aquatic Invasions 18, n.º 1 (18 de abril de 2023): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3391/ai.2023.18.1.101962.

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Non-native ascidians have long dominated the artificial structures in southern California’s (United States) marinas and harbors. To determine the change in ascidian abundance and community composition over the last several decades, in 2019–2020 we replicated surveys from 1994–2000. We then created nMDS plots using the abundance data collected in the 1994–2000 and 2019–2020 surveys to compare the two groups. Range and average abundance per species were analyzed to determine trends and changes in ascidian community composition. Of the species used for comparison, four are native, three are cryptogenic, and 12 are non-native. As predicted by Lambert and Lambert, non-native species have persisted in southern California; however, ranges and abundances have changed. The only native species found consistently in both sets of surveys, Ascidia ceratodes, remained rare in 2019–2020, with an unchanged average abundance. Several non-native species increased in abundance or remained common. The non-native colonial species Polyandrocarpa zorritensis had the greatest influence on the dissimilarity between the surveys, increasing from rare in 1994–2000 to more common in 2019–2020, and spreading north to Santa Barbara. Several non-native species confined to San Diego in the 1994–2000 surveys have also spread north, such as Botrylloides giganteus and Styela canopus which were found in Santa Barbara in 2019–2020. A formerly unidentified Aplidium sp. has now been identified as the non-native Aplidium accarense. There have also been additional introductions since 2000, including Ascidia cf. virginea and the first report of Ascidiella aspersa in the NE Pacific. The overwhelming trends of the surveys indicate that we will continue to see an increase and persistence of newly introduced non-natives in Southern California marinas, with possible continued northward expansion.

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46

Keen, Adam Steven, Patrick Lynett, Martin Eskijian y Aykut AyÃ§a. "FRAGILITY OF FLOATING DOCKS FOR SMALL CRAFT MARINAS". Coastal Engineering Proceedings, n.º 35 (23 de junio de 2017): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v35.management.21.

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As a result of damage from the 2010 Chile and 2011 Japanese teletsunamis, the tsunami risk to the small craft marinas in California has become an important concern. This paper outlines an assessment tool which can be used to assess the tsunami hazard to small craft harbors. The methodology is based on the demand and capacity of a floating dock system. Results are provided as fragility curves and give a quantitative assessment of survivability. This tool is not exact and is provided only to give an indication as to survivability and/or failure of a floating dock system of vessels and floating components/piles, subject to tsunami events. The purpose is to quickly evaluate whether or not a floating dock is likely to survive or be destroyed by a tsunami having the input properties.

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47

Breitwieser, Marine, Emmanuel Dubillot, Marine Barbarin, Carine Churlaud, Valérie Huet, Frédéric Muttin y Hélène Thomas. "Assessment of the biological quality of port areas: A case study on the three harbours of La Rochelle: The marina, the fishing harbour and the seaport". PLOS ONE 13, n.º 6 (25 de junio de 2018): e0198255. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0198255.

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48

Villalobos, Stephanie, Gretchen Lambert, Noa Shenkar y Susanna López-Legentil. "Distribution and population dynamics of key ascidians in North Carolina harbors and marinas". Aquatic Invasions 12, n.º 4 (2017): 447–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3391/ai.2017.12.4.03.

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49

Guerrini, Marco, Giorgio Bellotti, Yang Fan y Leopoldo Franco. "Numerical modelling of long waves amplification at Marina di Carrara Harbour". Applied Ocean Research 48 (octubre de 2014): 322–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apor.2014.10.002.

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50

ABDELSALAM, KHALED M., PAUL D. TAYLOR y MOHAMED M. DORGHAM. "A new species of Calyptotheca (Bryozoa: Cheilostomata) from Alexandria, Egypt, southeastern Mediterranean". Zootaxa 4276, n.º 4 (14 de junio de 2017): 582. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4276.4.9.

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Beginning in December 2015, an unknown bryozoan with large, deep-orange colonies began to appear in the Eastern Harbour of Alexandria, Egypt. Here we identify the species as belonging to the predominantly Indo-Pacific cheilostome genus Calyptotheca Harmer, 1957 and describe it as a new species, Calyptotheca alexandriensis n. sp. The new species exhibits intensive growth sporadically on different hard substrata, including rocks, submerged concrete walls, ropes, ships’ hulls, and metal pipes supporting marina piers. It is restricted to the Eastern Harbour, particularly in shallow parts, with the densest aggregations on the metal pier supports. The source of this bryozoan is enigmatic but most likely involved introduction by shipping.

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