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Literatura académica sobre el tema "Hand disabilities"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 10 de marzo de 2023

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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Hand disabilities"

Aboalela, Rania, Shmokh Sebaa, Atheer Almohamadi, Rahaf Almohammadi y Ghozlan alzebali. "Hold my Hand Application for Disabilities". International Journal on Cybernetics & Informatics 11, n.º 4 (27 de agosto de 2022): 125–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/ijci.2022.110410.

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In this project, we aim to take advantage of today's technology to offer a helping hand to people with special needs. Therefore, this work suggests a control system as an Android application in addition to a website for people with special needs. Many people with special needs have problems asking for or interpreting and recognizing their needs. Hence the idea of the application is designed to work on smart devices to help them communicate and identify their understanding way. Through the keyboard or speech translation. Artificial intelligence techniques have used to enrich the work and add useful and important features such as chatbot technology. In short, this project is to make life as easy as possible for people with physical disabilities and make them go about their lives without relying on others or waiting for help.

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Pešić, Dalibor, Radomir Mijailović y Đorđe Petrović. "Factors affecting road traffic crashes with drivers with disabilities who use hand controls in a less developed country". Put i saobraćaj 68, n.º 3 (3 de octubre de 2022): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.31075/pis.68.03.04.

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One of the most common vehicle modifications is the installation of hand controls that allow persons who are unable to operate the brake and accelerator pedals with their feet due to physical impairment to drive. Considered the specifics of hand controls (higher workload during driving and lower passive safety), it is very important to analyze the safety of the category of drivers with disabilities who use them. This paper aims to determine which factors influence the participation in road traffic crashes of drivers with disabilities who use hand controls. Based on the identified factors, measures and activities are defined to improve the road safety of drivers with disabilities who use hand controls, to improve the mobility of persons with disabilities, and to encourage potential drivers with disabilities, especially in less developed countries. The research was conducted in Serbia, which belongs to the group of less developed countries in the world. Considering the estimated number of drivers with disabilities who use hand controls, every fourth driver in Serbia participated in the survey (65 respondents). The statistical analysis was performed by the decision tree CART algorithm. Driving experience with hand controls is the most important variable of the participation of drivers with disabilities in a road traffic crash while driving vehicles with hand controls. Improving the system of maintaining hand controls, harmonize the performance of hand controls with the medical status of the drivers with disabilities, improving awareness of drivers with disabilities about risky behaviors in traffic are recognized as the most important measures and activities.

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Bialocerkowski, Andrea. "Disabilities of the Arms, Shoulder and Hand Questionnaire". Australian Journal of Physiotherapy 53, n.º 2 (2007): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0004-9514(07)70050-8.

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&NA;. "Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH)". Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma 20, Supplement (septiembre de 2006): S121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005131-200609001-00036.

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Conti, Roberto, Benedetto Allotta, Enrico Meli y Alessandro Ridolfi. "Development, design and validation of an assistive device for hand disabilities based on an innovative mechanism". Robotica 35, n.º 4 (3 de noviembre de 2015): 892–906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263574715000879.

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SUMMARYIn accordance with strict requirements of portability, cheapness, and modularity, an innovative assistive device for hand disabilities has been developed and validated. This robotic orthosis is designed to be a low-cost, portable hand exoskeleton to assist people with physical disabilities in their everyday lives. Referring to hand opening disabilities, the authors have developed a methodology which, by starting from the geometrical characteristics of the patient's hand, defines the novel kinematic mechanism that better fits to the finger trajectories. The authors have validated the proposed novel mechanism by carrying out a Hand Exoskeleton System (HES) prototype, based on a single-phalanx mechanism, cable driven. The testing phase of the real prototype with a patient is currently on going.

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Irawan, Asep Rudi. "Handwashing Ability Assessment for Students with Intellectual Barriers". Indonesian Journal of Community and Special Needs Education 1, n.º 1 (11 de marzo de 2021): 9–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/ijcsne.v1i1.41353.

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This study aimed to determine the assessment of the ability to wash hands for students with intellectual disabilities. We used a qualitative method with literature study activities and field studies (interviews, observations, and documentation). The results showed that the assessment of the ability to wash hands for students with intellectual disabilities was carried out in stages, namely making assessment instruments, determining subjects, preparing the necessary equipment, conducting assessments, and analyzing data from the assessment results. The activity of assessing the ability to wash hands for students with intellectual disabilities has the aim of knowing the weaknesses, strengths, and potential of students in the ability to wash hands. It is hoped that the results of this assessment can be used as a basis for making hand-washing learning programs for students with special needs, especially students with intellectual disabilities.

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Harth, Angela. "Using the Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) Questionnaire in Hand Rehabilitation". International Journal of Rehabilitation Research 32 (agosto de 2009): S19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004356-200908001-00026.

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Iwatsuki, K., K. Nishikawa, M. Chaki, A. Sato, A. Morita y H. Hirata. "Comparative responsiveness of the Hand 20 and the DASH-JSSH questionnaires to clinical changes after carpal tunnel release". Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) 39, n.º 2 (16 de abril de 2013): 145–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1753193413485524.

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This study compared the responsiveness of the Hand 20 and the Japanese version of the disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand (DASH-JSSH) questionnaires in carpal tunnel syndrome. The scores before and 3 months after surgery were used to calculate the standardized response mean and effect size. Of 57 patients enrolled in the study, 13 underwent open carpal tunnel release and 44 had endoscopic carpal tunnel release. The standardized response mean and the effect size of the Hand 20 scale were 0.60 and 0.54, respectively, and those of the disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand scale were 0.39 and 0.36, respectively. Compared with the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire, the Hand 20 questionnaire appears to have better responsiveness for assessing the effect of treatment by carpal tunnel release.

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Buell, Susan. "A commentary on “First-hand experience of accessible information”". Tizard Learning Disability Review 20, n.º 2 (7 de abril de 2015): 88–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tldr-12-2014-0042.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide a commentary on Mander's paper on people with learning disabilities’ first-hand experience of accessible information. Design/methodology/approach – The commentary reflects on some of the findings presented by Mander and builds on these, with particular emphasis on what it means to understand information. Findings – Everything from initial product design to building capacity and constructing knowledge requires expertise and attention to detail. Originality/value – There are no easy fix solutions to achieving understanding of information for people who have learning disabilities.

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Ismoilov, Bekjon. "THE LEGAL STATUS OF PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES AND THEIR SOCIAL ADAPTATION IN THE MODERN WORLD COMMUNITY". JOURNAL OF LAW RESEARCH 6, n.º 2 (28 de febrero de 2021): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.26739/2181-9130-2021-2-4.

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The article focuses on the legal status of people with disabilities and their causes. We know that when people with disabilities are officially registered, their legal status is determined. This legal status, given to them, on the one hand, provides a number of benefits, on the other hand, reduces their participation in society in real life. In relation to the integration of people with disabilities into a healthy society, their employment relationships, social and medical rehabilitation play an important role. In short, the issue of employment of people with disabilities has become the main topic of the article

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Tesis sobre el tema "Hand disabilities"

Apa, Alissa. "Ball catching strategies in children with and without developmental coordination disorder". Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=115990.

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The purpose was to examine the ball catching strategies of 15 children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) compared to 15 of their peers without DCD, and 15 younger children matched on ball skills. A ball catching activity (catching 10 consecutive balls in five different positions) and the developmental sequences proposed by Haywood and Getchell (2005) were used to evaluate movement patterns. Children with DCD caught significantly fewer balls than their peers at the chest and above the head. Children with DCD demonstrated delayed arm action catching on the right and delayed body actions when balls were projected away from body compared to their peers. In addition, development of some body actions of children with DCD was different compared to younger children. Results suggested that children with DCD have not developed accurate and consistent movement patterns.

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Vin, Jerry. "ROBOTIC FINGERSPELLING HAND FOR THE DEAF-BLIND". DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2013. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1100.

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Because communication has always been difficult for people who are deaf-blind, The Smith-Kettlewell Eye Research Institute (SKERI), in conjunction with the California Polytechnic State University Mechanical Engineering department, has commissioned the design, construction, testing, and programming of a robotic hand capable of performing basic fingerspelling to help bridge the communication gap. The hand parts were modeled using SolidWorks and fabricated using an Objet rapid prototyper. Its fingers are actuated by 11 Maxon motors, and its wrist is actuated by 2 Hitec servo motors. The motors are controlled by Texas Instruments L293D motor driver chips, ATtiny2313 slave microcontroller chips programmed to act as motor controllers, and a master ATmega644p microcontroller. The master controller communicates with a computer over a USB cable to receive sentences typed by a sighted user. The master controller then translates each letter into its corresponding hand gesture in the American Manual Alphabet and instructs each motor controller to move each finger joint into the proper position.

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Wajngarten, Danielle [UNESP]. "Validação do instrumento Disabilities of Arm, Sholder and Hand (DASH) em estudantes de Odontologia". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/145488.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-09T13:52:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-03-16. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-12-09T13:55:21Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000848149.pdf: 1345944 bytes, checksum: 8b9059c55fab140eed1ef06b42e1c4cd (MD5)
Este trabalho teve como objetivo estimar a validade, a confiabilidade e a invariância fatorial da escala Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder and Hand - DASH quando aplicada a estudantes de Odontologia de Araraquara. Para isso foi realizado um estudo observacional do tipo transversal no qual 335 estudantes do curso de graduação da Faculdade de Odontologia de Araraquara UNESP/Brasil preencheram a escala DASH. Para a validade de conteúdo 8 juízes com conhecimento na área de saúde ocupacional analisaram a essencialidade dos itens da DASH e a partir disso calculou-se a Razão de Validade de Conteúdo - RVC. A sensibilidade psicométrica foi avaliada por meio das medidas de resumo e forma. Na análise fatorial confirmatória os índices 2/gl, CFI, GFI e RMSEA foram utilizados para avaliar a qualidade do ajustamento dos três modelos testados: unifatorial, bifatorial e trifatorial. A validade convergente foi estimada por meio da Variância Extraída Média (VEM). A consistência interna foi calculada utilizando-se o Coeficiente alfa de Cronbach padronizado (α) e a Confiabilidade Composta (CC). O nível de significância adotado foi de 5%. Verificou-se que 11 itens da DASH apresentaram valores de RVC abaixo do recomendado e 7 itens não tiverem sensibilidade psicométrica. Na análise 10 fatorial confirmatória verificou-se que os modelos testados não apresentaram adequada qualidade de ajustamento modelo (unifatorial: 2/gl=4,195, CFI=0,520, GFI=0,667, RMSEA=0,102, r2=0,28; modelo bifatorial: 2/gl=2,802, CFI=0,730, GFI=0,794, RMSEA=0,077, r2=0,42; modelo trifatorial: 2/gl=2,020, CFI=0,914, GFI=0,897, RMSEA=0,058, r2=0,51). Em função disso, foi necessário o refinamento dos modelos onde foram removidos 9 itens da escala. Após o refinamento, o modelo bifatorial foi o que apresentou os melhores índices de ajustamento ... (Resumo completo clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
This study aimed to assess the validity, reliability and factorial invariance of Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder and Hand-DASH scale when applied in dental students from Brazil. An observational cross-sectional study was conducted with 335 students from College of Dentistry of Araraquara UNESP/Brazil. In order to attend the content validity, 8 occupational health experts analyzed the essentiality of item's DASH, enabling the determination of Content Validity Ratio (CVR). The psychometric sensitivity was assessed by summary measures, asymmetry and kurtosis. For confirmatory factor analysis, the 2/gl, CFI, GFI and RMSEA indexes assessed the goodness of fit of the onefactor model, two-factor model and three-factor model. The Convergent Validity (CV) was estimated from Average Variance Extracted. Internal consistency was calculated using the Cronbach's alpha coefficient (α) and the Composite Reliability (CR). The significance level was 5%. It obtained that 11 items of the DASH presented CVR values below the recommended and 7 items do not have psychometric sensitivity. In confirmatory factor analysis it was found that the models tested did not show adequate quality of adjustment factor (one-factor model: 2/gl=4.195, CFI=0.520, GFI=0.667, 12 RMSEA=0.102, r2=0.28; two-factor model: 2/gl=2.802, CFI=0.730, GFI=0.794, RMSEA=0.077, r2=0.42; three-factor model: 2/gl=2.020, CFI=0.914, GFI=0.897, RMSEA=0.058, r2=0.51). It became necessary to proceed with the refinement of the models, resulting in the removal of 9 items' scale. After this, the two-factor model showed the best adjustment rates in this population (2/gl=1.999, CFI=0.915, GFI=0.897, RMSEA=0.057, r2=0.42, AIC=461.735, BIC=640.467, BCC=469.198). Although the convergent validity has not been adequate AVEphysical function= 0.33; AVEsymptoms= 0.38). The best adjustment...(Complete abstract electronic access below)

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Wajngarten, Danielle. "Validação do instrumento Disabilities of Arm, Sholder and Hand (DASH) em estudantes de Odontologia /". Araraquara, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/145488.

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Orientador: Patrícia Petromilli Nordi Sasso Garcia
Banca: Ana Carolina Botta Martins de Oliveira
Banca: Andréa Corrêa Carrascosa
Resumo: Este trabalho teve como objetivo estimar a validade, a confiabilidade e a invariância fatorial da escala Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder and Hand - DASH quando aplicada a estudantes de Odontologia de Araraquara. Para isso foi realizado um estudo observacional do tipo transversal no qual 335 estudantes do curso de graduação da Faculdade de Odontologia de Araraquara UNESP/Brasil preencheram a escala DASH. Para a validade de conteúdo 8 juízes com conhecimento na área de saúde ocupacional analisaram a essencialidade dos itens da DASH e a partir disso calculou-se a Razão de Validade de Conteúdo - RVC. A sensibilidade psicométrica foi avaliada por meio das medidas de resumo e forma. Na análise fatorial confirmatória os índices 2/gl, CFI, GFI e RMSEA foram utilizados para avaliar a qualidade do ajustamento dos três modelos testados: unifatorial, bifatorial e trifatorial. A validade convergente foi estimada por meio da Variância Extraída Média (VEM). A consistência interna foi calculada utilizando-se o Coeficiente alfa de Cronbach padronizado (α) e a Confiabilidade Composta (CC). O nível de significância adotado foi de 5%. Verificou-se que 11 itens da DASH apresentaram valores de RVC abaixo do recomendado e 7 itens não tiverem sensibilidade psicométrica. Na análise 10 fatorial confirmatória verificou-se que os modelos testados não apresentaram adequada qualidade de ajustamento modelo (unifatorial: 2/gl=4,195, CFI=0,520, GFI=0,667, RMSEA=0,102, r2=0,28; modelo bifatorial: 2/gl=2,802, CFI=0,730, GFI=0,794, RMSEA=0,077, r2=0,42; modelo trifatorial: 2/gl=2,020, CFI=0,914, GFI=0,897, RMSEA=0,058, r2=0,51). Em função disso, foi necessário o refinamento dos modelos onde foram removidos 9 itens da escala. Após o refinamento, o modelo bifatorial foi o que apresentou os melhores índices de ajustamento ... (Resumo completo clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: This study aimed to assess the validity, reliability and factorial invariance of Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder and Hand-DASH scale when applied in dental students from Brazil. An observational cross-sectional study was conducted with 335 students from College of Dentistry of Araraquara UNESP/Brazil. In order to attend the content validity, 8 occupational health experts analyzed the essentiality of item's DASH, enabling the determination of Content Validity Ratio (CVR). The psychometric sensitivity was assessed by summary measures, asymmetry and kurtosis. For confirmatory factor analysis, the 2/gl, CFI, GFI and RMSEA indexes assessed the goodness of fit of the onefactor model, two-factor model and three-factor model. The Convergent Validity (CV) was estimated from Average Variance Extracted. Internal consistency was calculated using the Cronbach's alpha coefficient (α) and the Composite Reliability (CR). The significance level was 5%. It obtained that 11 items of the DASH presented CVR values below the recommended and 7 items do not have psychometric sensitivity. In confirmatory factor analysis it was found that the models tested did not show adequate quality of adjustment factor (one-factor model: 2/gl=4.195, CFI=0.520, GFI=0.667, 12 RMSEA=0.102, r2=0.28; two-factor model: 2/gl=2.802, CFI=0.730, GFI=0.794, RMSEA=0.077, r2=0.42; three-factor model: 2/gl=2.020, CFI=0.914, GFI=0.897, RMSEA=0.058, r2=0.51). It became necessary to proceed with the refinement of the models, resulting in the removal of 9 items' scale. After this, the two-factor model showed the best adjustment rates in this population (2/gl=1.999, CFI=0.915, GFI=0.897, RMSEA=0.057, r2=0.42, AIC=461.735, BIC=640.467, BCC=469.198). Although the convergent validity has not been adequate AVEphysical function= 0.33; AVEsymptoms= 0.38). The best adjustment...(Complete abstract electronic access below)
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Da, Silva Pita Anita. "Normative indicators for an isiXhosa-speaking population with disadvantaged education for tests of hand motor function and verbal fluency". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002468.

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The aim of the study was to obtain preliminary normative data for two tests of hand motor function (Successive Finger Tapping and Purdue Pegboard tests) and two tests of verbal fluency ("S"-Words-In-One-Minute and Words-In-One-Minute), administered in English, on a non-clinical sample of black, isiXhosa-speaking unskilled workers with a background of relatively disadvantaged former DET education (N = 33). The sample was equally distributed for gender; educational level was restricted to 11 - 12 years; age range was 18 - 40 years divided further into two age categories (18 - 29 and 30 - 40 years). Results of t-test comparative analyses revealed significant age effects on both trials of the Successive Finger Tapping test in the direction of the younger age group outperforming the older age group, and a marginal but consistent tendency towards poorer performance at an earlier age stage than proposed by the available literature, for the Purdue Pegboard, "S"Words- In-One-Minute and Words-In-One-Minute. Gender effects were only in evidence on the Purdue Pegboard in the direction of females outperforming males. A descriptive comparison of the norms acquired for the present study with available normative data for English first language speaking populations with higher levels and/ or relatively advantaged quality of education revealed consistently poorer performance for the present study. The findings highlight the effect of relatively low levels and/ or poor quality of education on both verbal and non-verbal neuropsychological test performance and confirm the need for demographically specific normative data.

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Green, Janet E. "Using Hand-Held Technologies To Support the Transition of Youth With Intellectual Disabilities Into Adult Roles". Thesis, Walden University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3706748.

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People with intellectual disabilities (ID) struggle with social interactions that are vital to the development of a high quality of life. Although evidence exists to support the use of technology as cognitive aids for youth with ID, little exists on the use of common hand-held devices for social support. The use of such devices has the potential to level the playing field in adult social roles, helping people with ID make and keep relationships. It is unclear how applications like video chatting might be used to support transition-age youth with ID in adult social roles. Using a framework of modeling (i.e., social learning), generalization across settings (i.e., ecological systems), and self-determination, this single-case study was developed to learn the effect of direct instruction of youth with ID on initiation of and responses to others in adult social roles while using common hand-held devices. Three participants, selected from 9 youth participating in a structured social skills class, were taught to initiate interaction and respond to initiations made by others with modeled support in self-selected adult social settings. Visual analysis of graphed data showed generally increased initiations and responses. Percent of nonoverlapping data (PND) and percent of all nonoverlapping data (PAND) found varied effect size from one participant to the next. Quality of interactions had mixed results across participants. The results found these 3 transition-age youth with ID to be quite adept in their use of common hand-held devices, and they all used them successfully to access support. These findings suggest that the use of well known devices may increase the number of people who can provide social support, reduce the cost of devices and live supports, and reduce the of stigma of having a paid staff shadowing the individual.

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Brummer, Diana Willig. "A study of the relationship between mixed eye-hand dominance and letter/word reversals in learning disabled and normal males". Virtual Press, 1990. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/720139.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between mixed eye-hand dominance and letter/word reversals in learning disabled and normal readers. Previous research had shown links between mixed dominance and reading disabilities, especially those disabilities related to visuo-spatial deficits. However, due to the different approaches to conceptualizing lateral preferences, the wide variety of methods used to assess laterality, and the heterogeneity of subjects exhibiting reading disabilities, many studies have been contradictory and inconclusive. This study was designed to: assess laterality on a continuum, investigate the specific area of mixed eye-hand dominance, and determine if there is a statistically significant relationship between the degree of mixed dominance and the specific reading problem of letter and word reversals.The research sample consisted of 53 learning disabled males and 44 males from regular education classrooms, randomly selected from a public school system in northern Indiana. Mixed eye-hand dominance was assessed by the General Laterality Factor and the Visual Activities Factor of the Lateral Preference Schedule. The degree of letter/word reversal difficulty was-determined by the Jordan Left-Right Reversal Test. Each subject was administered both instruments either individually or in small groups.The data was analyzed for statistical significance by computing Pearson product moment correlation coefficients. To compare the learning disabled readers and normal readers for significant differences in age and the degree of mixed eye-hand dominance, t tests were conducted. Two research questions were then addressed by examining the findings:Research Question #1: Is there a statistically significant relationship between mixed eye-hand dominance and letter/word reversal errors in learning disabled and normal readers? A statistically significant difference was found between the degree of mixed eye-hand dominance and reversal errors in the learning disabled group. No other statistically significant relationships were found.Research Question #2: Is there a greater degree of mixed eye-hand dominance in learning disabled students than in normal readers? There were no statistically significant differences between learning disabled and normal readers in the degree of mixed eye-hand dominance.It was concluded that there were no statistically significant relationships between mixed eye-hand dominance and reversal errors in normal readers or when groups of normal readers and learning disabled students were combined. There was, however, a statistically significant positive relationship between mixed dominance and reversal errors when learning disabled students were grouped separately. The greater the degree of mixed eye-hand dominance, the higher the reversal error score in learning disabled students.Attempts to develop more sensitive and reliable instruments to assess lateral preferences and specific reading problems were recommended. Additionally, studies investigating the relationship between lateral preferences and reading performance should continue.
Department of Educational Psychology

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Liu, Ying. "Motion extraction, estimation and recognition for people with disabilities utilizing a multi-touch surface". Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file 0.92 Mb., 73 p, 2005. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1428202.

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Silva, Hercilia Martins da. "Disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand - DASH: análise da estrutura fatorial da versão adaptada para o português". Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/MSMR-6XLFSE.

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Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) is a tool that assesses function and symptoms in the upper limbs from the patient's perspective. It is an instrument that evaluates the upper limb as a functional unit, regardless of the affliction or its location. It has been translated into a number of languages and has proven to be valid and reliable. It has also been used as a function measure in clinical outcome studies. Inter and intra-examiner reliability in patients with rheumatoid arthritis constituted the psychometric properties analyzed. The present study analyzed the behavior of the items on the translated and validated Portuguese version of DASH in a sample composed of patients with chronic or acute illness in the upper limb or limbs. A methodological study was carried out on a sample of 309 patients with repetitive strain injury or previous fractures, constituting two sub-samples. Principal component factorial analysis and discriminative factorial analysis were performed. The sub-samples presented significant differences in average scores regarding gender, age, working condition and location of injury. The KMO (Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin) Test and Bartlett Test (Bartlett Test of Sphericity) showed adequate adaptation of the data to the factorial analysis, which identified 3 factors with Cronbach alphas between 0.77 and 0.94, explaining 59% of the variance in the overall sample. Strong positive and negative correlations were observed among the items of the instrument. The discriminative analysis adequately classified 93% of the patients regarding group of origin and identified eleven items with a discriminative power between groups of individuals who reported symptoms and function (physical dimension). In the present study, DASH proved to be a valid, reliable measure in the identification of different degrees of function and diagnostic groups, enabling discrimination and comparative observation of the behavior of the items in the sub-samples studied.
O Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) é um instrumento que avalia função e sintomas no membro superior sob a perspectiva do paciente. Trata-se de um instrumento que, independente da afecção ou de sua localização, avalia o membro superior enquanto uma unidade funcional. Já traduzido para diversos idiomas mostra-se válido e confiável e tem sido utilizado em estudos de desfecho clínico como medida de função. As propriedades psicométricas analisadas no estudo que constituiu a versão traduzida e adaptada do instrumento para o português foram confiabilidade inter e intra-examinador em pacientes com artrite reumatóide. O presente estudo analisa o comportamento dos itens da versão do DASH traduzida e validada para o português em amostra constituída por pacientes com doença crônica ou aguda, uni ou bilateralmente, no membro superior. Foi realizado um estudo metodológico em amostra de 309 pacientes apresentando LER/DORT ou fraturas prévias, constituindo duas subamostras. Foram realizadas análise fatorial de componentes principais e análise fatorial discriminante. As subamostras apresentaram diferenças significativas tanto no escore médio do instrumento quanto relacionadas a sexo, idade, condição de trabalho e localização da lesão. O KMO (Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin) e o teste de Bartlett (Bartlett Test of Spherricity) mostraram boa adequação dos dados à análise fatorial, que identificou 3 fatores com alphas de Cronbach entre 0,77 e 0,94 explicando 59% da variância na amostra total. Foram observadas fortes correlações positivas e negativas entre os itens do instrumento. A análise discriminante classificou adequadamente 93% dos pacientes conforme o grupo de origem e identificou onze itens com poder discriminante entre os grupos, que informam sobre sintomas e função (dimensão física). Neste estudo, o DASH revelou-se uma medida válida e confiável na identificação de diferentes níveis de função e grupos de diagnósticos, possibilitando discriminação e observação comparativa do comportamento de seus itens nas subamostras estudadas.

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Voytecki, Karen S. "The effects of hand fidgets on the on-task behaviors of a middle school student with disabilities in an inclusive academic setting". [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0001142.

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Libros sobre el tema "Hand disabilities"

Moss, Marissa. Amelia lends a hand. Middleton, Wisc: American Girl, 2002.

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Punani, Bhushan. Visual handicap: Hand book. New Delhi: Ashish Pub. House, 1993.

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Downing, Warwick. Leonardo's hand. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2001.

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Massachusetts. Bureau of Early Childhood Education. Hand in hand: Integrating young children in need of substantial special education supports. Quincy, Mass.]: Massachusetts Dept. of Education, Division of School Programs, Bureau of Early Childhood Programs, 1991.

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ill, Simmonds Nicola, ed. The making of my special hand: Madison's story. Atlanta, GA: Peachtree, 1998.

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Concerto for the left hand: Disability and the defamiliar body. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2008.

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My tourettes: The hand you're dealt. Central Milton Keynes: AuthorHouse, 2009.

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Shioya, Fumiko. Fumi, a tool in the hand of God. Calif: L. Rampey, 1991.

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Chantal, Bard, Fleury Michelle 1938- y Hay Laurette, eds. Development of eye-hand coordination across the life span. Columbia, S.C: University of South Carolina Press, 1990.

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Enck, Becki. Walking hand in hand with Cameron, together we can! [Place of publication not identified]: iUniverse, Inc., 2008.

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Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "Hand disabilities"

Angst, Felix. "Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand Questionnaire (DASH)". En Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research, 1635–46. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0753-5_3892.

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Angst, Felix y Thomas Benz. "Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand Questionnaire (DASH)". En Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research, 1–22. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69909-7_3892-2.

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Apelmo, Elisabet y Camilla Nordgren. "Still waiting for the hand to be raised". En Accessibility Denied. Understanding Inaccessibility and Everyday Resistance to Inclusion for Persons with Disabilities, 107–22. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003120452-7.

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Kadouche, Rachid, Mounir Mokhtari y Marc Maier. "Modeling of the Residual Capability for People with Severe Motor Disabilities: Analysis of Hand Posture". En User Modeling 2005, 231–35. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11527886_30.

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Lemmel-Vélez, Karen y Carlos Alberto Valencia-Hernandez. "Design of a Robotic Hand Controlled by Electromyography Signals Using an Arduino Type Microcontroller for People with Disabilities". En Communications in Computer and Information Science, 289–99. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66963-2_26.

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Luft, Pamela. "Deaf and Hard of Hearing Learners With Intellectual Disabilities: Current Understandings and Remaining Challenges". En Deaf and Hard of Hearing Learners With Disabilities, 133–61. New York: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003252054-5.

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Bruce, Susan M., Catherine Nelson y Brent Stutzman. "Understanding the Needs of Children Who Are d/Deaf or Hard of Hearing With Disabilities Due to Genetic Causes". En Deaf and Hard of Hearing Learners With Disabilities, 96–132. New York: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003252054-4.

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Cannon, Joanna E., Caroline Guardino, Amanda Clements y Stephanie W. Cawthon. "Learners Who Are d/Deaf and Hard of Hearing With a Learning Disability". En Deaf and Hard of Hearing Learners With Disabilities, 193–229. New York: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003252054-7.

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Borders, Christy M., Kristi M. Probst y Stacey Jones Bock. "Learners Who Are Deaf or Hard of Hearing With Autism Spectrum Disorders". En Deaf and Hard of Hearing Learners With Disabilities, 63–95. New York: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003252054-3.

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Guardino, Caroline y Joanna E. Cannon. "Cycles of Support and Tenets of Effective Practice for Learners Who Are d/Deaf or Hard of Hearing With Disabilities". En Deaf and Hard of Hearing Learners With Disabilities, 288–310. New York: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003252054-10.

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Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "Hand disabilities"

Allotta, B., R. Conti, L. Governi, E. Meli y A. Ridolfi. "Development and Testing of a Low Cost Wearable and Portable Hand Exoskeleton Based on a Parallel Mechanism". En ASME 2015 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2015-46336.

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In this research work, the authors developed and tested a low cost wearable and portable hand exoskeleton to assist people with physical disabilities in their everyday lives. Focusing on hand opening disabilities, the proposed actuated orthoses could support and enable daily gestures such as shacking hands or grasping objects. The Hand Exoskeleton System (HES) prototype is based on a cable-driven architecture applied to a single-phalanx mechanism. The preliminary prototype of the system has been successfully built and is currently under testing with a patient to verify its performance from a patient viewpoint.

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"A FUZZY CONTROLLER FOR A SPECIAL GLOVE TO A HAND WITH DISABILITIES". En 2nd International Conference on Informatics in Control, Automation and Robotics. SciTePress - Science and and Technology Publications, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0001186402700276.

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Boonlar, Teerapong y Wijittra Prasatkaew. "The Development of Hand Controller for Persons with Disabilities by Myo Sensor". En 2018 14th International Conference on Signal-Image Technology & Internet-Based Systems (SITIS). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sitis.2018.00065.

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Porter, Aaron, Haley McKee, Kenneth J. Fischer y Ronald L. Dougherty. "Bagging Device for One Handed Users". En ASME 2013 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2013-14119.

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Accommodations for disabilities in the workplace have improved significantly in recent years. Despite these improvements, an analysis [1] found that only “15.6% of workers with disabilities report needing accommodations, and 12.2% report receiving them.” Cottonwood Industries was founded in 1972 and is located in Lawrence, KS. A variety of jobs such as labeling, textiles, medical, and packaging are completed by employees. A large portion of the 140 person workforce at Cottonwood Industries is limited by physical and/or mental disabilities. Of these disabilities, 10 workers have full use of only one hand and struggle daily with simple tasks such as packaging. Manager, Steve Steinbach, identified a strong need for a device which would assist these workers by reducing frustration and speeding up the packaging process for them.

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Immel, Sebastian R., Robin E. Kiff, Jessica L. Armstrong y Robert B. Stone. "A Physical Hand Tremor Simulator for Use With Inclusive Design Research". En ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-38246.

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Essential Tremor (ET) is the most common movement disorder among adults. This paper presents a device to induce the effects of ET in the wrists and hands of otherwise healthy research participants for use in inclusive design studies. The device, called “The HandShake,” reproduces the functional impairment of ET sufferers on design study participants. Existing solutions can require complex or expensive equipment. The HandShake uses a novel low-cost system based around a single RC servo. Users of the device in validation testing were found to be impaired in a manner similar to ET sufferers. This tool is intended to aid future inclusive design research regarding upper extremity disabilities. We present results regarding the validity of the simulated tremors versus data from those suffering with ET.

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Salamea, Hugo Torres, Andres Auquilla Ayora, O. Alvarado-Cando y Claudio Urrea Onate. "An Industrial Application of a Human-Robot Interface for People with Physical Disabilities Using Hand Gestures". En 2018 IEEE ANDESCON. IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/andescon.2018.8564654.

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Magalhães Souza, Adriel, daniel kemmoku, Franco Henrique Moro, Gabriel Bellomi Schiavon, LUCAS GEREZ, Luiz Nascimento, Zilda de Castro Silveira y Paula Kaneko. "Development of a wrist-hand orthosis for children with neurological and motor disabilities: conceptual design and mock-up". En 24th ABCM International Congress of Mechanical Engineering. ABCM, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.26678/abcm.cobem2017.cob17-0485.

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McKay, Maxine y Lorna McKay. "Children with Disabilities and Distance Education: Experiences of Primary School Teachers and Parents: Covid-19 Lockdown". En Tenth Pan-Commonwealth Forum on Open Learning. Commonwealth of Learning, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56059/pcf10.6009.

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This study highlights the experiences of parents of children with disabilities and primary school teachers who taught these children via Distance Education during the COVID-19 Lockdown. The teachers who participated in the study teach children ages 10-14 with varying disabilities. The teachers are from three districts located in Belize (Belize, Orange Walk, and Cayo). The 30 parents were chosen based on recommendations made by the teachers. A phenomenological approach was used as the research method because this approach allowed the researchers to make in-depth analyses and provide thematic descriptions. Research data was collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using the inductive method. The researchers asked vital questions and the results show that teachers experienced various issues while using Distance Education. Teachers noted that although they made all attempts to cater to the needs of the children and their families via modalities like Zoom, WhatsApp and Googlemeet, children struggled regardless of the platforms used. The results also show that children did complete assignments, did not log on at times, did not follow directions without the help of the teachers, and the content was too challenging. Teachers also noted that they were not given adequate time nor support from Government, their school management, or their immediate supervisors. The teachers also reported a financial, psychological, and emotionally challenging experience while teaching via Distance Education. The teachers also noted that the parents expected them to work when they were available rather than schedule times. Teachers also noted that parents were rude when they sought clarification and insulted them on the platforms and in writing. Teachers also noted that it was hard to cater to the various exceptionalities. On the other hand, parents reported that teachers' assignments were challenging and not innovative. The teachers offered little support during Distance Education to their children, who struggled to keep up. Parents also noted that teachers seemed ill-equipped to deliver their lessons via Distance Education; they did not give quick feedback, which delayed their children's learning. Parents also reported that the teachers were late and at times did not meet deadlines they had set. Lastly, parents noted that they prefer face-to-face because their children get better support in the classroom.

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Jung, Seungmin, Kwang-ok An, Jongbae Kim y Hyungsik Kim. "Mechanism and kinematic analysis of a robotic gadget for assisting hand movements of persons with severe disabilities to promote their community participation". En 2014 14th International Conference on Control, Automation and Systems (ICCAS). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccas.2014.6987827.

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Peresunko, Pavel, Ekaterina Pleshkova, Anastasiya Semizorova y Igor Kovalev. "MLI. Mouse: a new computer vision-based cursor control software". En V International Scientific Workshop on Modeling, Information Processing and Computing. CEUR-WS.org, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47813/dnit-mip5/2022-3091-60-65.

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The personal computer opens tremendous opportunities for people, whether it is entertainment or work. However, people with disabilities cannot successfully use usual methods of interacting with a computer like a mouse and a keyboard. There are analogs that allow individuals who had disabilities to control the computer using computer vision. They can use their limbs, head, eyes, color markers as reference point, that is used to move a cursor on their computer screen. One of the most popular cursor control software is The Camera Mouse, in which the user selects the area that will serve as a reference point. However, people may find it difficult to adjust the sensitivity of the reference point movement. For example, if the sensitivity is low, some area around the edges of the screen may become inaccessible. At high sensitivity, not all the pointer movement potential is realized. And the high sensitivity, the small movements, noise, errors affect the swing of the reference pointer more. In this study, the MLI. Mouse proposed. It allows user to control the computer cursor using computer vision techniques. To control the cursor, a person needs a webcam, from which the current position of the reference point will be read. A hand or a QR code can be used as the reference point. A useful feature of this program is a convenient way to visualize and set the active area of the cursor movements. This is the area where the reference pointer movement is broadcast on the computer screen. With this, the program can be configured faster and more conveniently. The left mouse button clicking is implemented using Dwell click.

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Informes sobre el tema "Hand disabilities"

Shen, Oscar, Wen-Chih Liu y Chih-Ting Chen. Effectiveness and safety of volar locked plate, K-wiring and external fixator, and the conservative treatment for distal radius fracture in the elderly: Systematic review and Network meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, febrero de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.12.0009.

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Review question / Objective: Patient/Problem: The elder(age>60), with distal radius fracture; Intervention: conservative treatment; Comparison of intervention: volar locked plate, K-wire, external fixator; Clinical Outcome: Grip strength, Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand, Patient-rated wrist evaluation score, range of motion. Condition being studied: The elder(age>60) with distal radius fracture, received conservative treatment or surgical treatment.

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Doorley, Karina y Mark Regan. The impact of Irish budgetary policy by disability status. ESRI, junio de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.26504/bp202301.

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Existing research has shown that disability is costly and can result in an increased risk of living in poverty and a decrease in living standards. In this paper, we expand a framework of equality budgeting, previously applied from a gender perspective, to the population of households affected by disability. Using a microsimulation model linked to data from the EU Survey of Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC), we show how tax-benefit policy and other market income changes between 2007 and 2019 impacted households affected by disability and households not affected by disability. We find that disposable (or post-tax and transfer) income grew for both types of households but at a faster rate for households affected by disability than households not affected by disability. This income growth was driven by two counteracting forces. On the one hand, tax and welfare policy failed to keep pace with market income growth, reducing the living standards of households affected by disability by more than households not affected by disability. On the other hand, despite having lower average wage levels, wage growth for workers affected by disability outpaced wage growth for workers not affected by disability, while the labour supply of households affected by disability also increased. Future attempts to equality-proof budgetary policy should consider that changes to welfare disproportionally affect households with disabilities.

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Rohwerder, Brigitte, Josephine Njungi, Mary Wickenden, Stephen Thompson y Jackie Shaw. “This Time of Corona Has Been Hard”: People with Disabilities’ Experiences of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Kenya. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), mayo de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/if.2021.005.

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The COVID-19 pandemic is deepening pre-existing inequalities. Emerging research suggests that people with disabilities across the world have experienced various rights violations and been disproportionality affected by the health, economic and social impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and the responses to it. The aim of this research was to explore how people with disabilities, who often are excluded from research, have experienced the evolving COVID-19 pandemic in Kenya. To better understand how it has affected jobseekers with disabilities, in-depth qualitative research was conducted in Kenya as part of the Inclusion Works programme.

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Rohwerder, Brigitte, Rohwerder, Brigitte, Josephine Njungi, Mary Wickenden, Stephen Thompson y Jackie Shaw. “This Time of Corona Has Been Hard”: People with Disabilities’ Experiences of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Kenya. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), mayo de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/if.2021.004.

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Yorke, Louise, Belay Hagos Hailu, Pauline Rose y Tirussew Teferra. The Pathway to Inclusive Education in Ethiopia: Perspectives of System- and School-Level Stakeholders. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), octubre de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-risewp_2022/115.

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In Ethiopia, commitment to promoting inclusive education for children with disabilities has remained high on the government’s agenda, yet challenges remain in achieving this goal. Since 2018, the government’s large-scale education reform programme – the General Education Quality Improvement Programme for Equity (GEQIP-E) – has had a specific focus on promoting inclusive education for children with disabilities through the provision of additional school grants, and the promotion of Inclusive Education Resource Centres. In this paper, we draw on data from the Research for Improving Systems of Education (RISE) Ethiopia, to explore the perspectives of system- and school-level stakeholders involved in supporting education for children with disabilities as part of the GEQIP-E programme. We explore the progress and challenges in this area, and highlight some of the factors that limit the implementation of strategies intended to support inclusive education at the system and school level. We show how children with disabilities continue to face significant challenges in accessing and benefiting from education. Based on our analysis, we put forward a number of recommendations including the need for better data and evidence on education for children with disabilities – including their wellbeing and experiences within the school context – and the need for more resources to address and support inclusive education.

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Thompson, Stephen, Shadrach Chuba-Uzo, Brigitte Rohwerder, Jackie Shaw y Mary Wickenden. “This Pandemic Brought a Lot of Sadness”: People with Disabilities’ Experiences of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Nigeria. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), junio de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/if.2021.008.

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This qualitative study was undertaken as part of the work of the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office (FCDO) funded Inclusion Works programme which aims to improve inclusive employment for people with disabilities in four countries: Uganda, Kenya, Nigeria, Bangladesh. When the COVID-19 pandemic emerged early in 2020 the work of this consortium programme was adapted to focus on pandemic relief and research activities, while some other planned work was not possible. The Institute of Development Studies (IDS) led a piece of qualitative research to explore the experiences and perceptions of the pandemic and related lockdowns in each country, using a narrative interview approach, which asks people to tell their stories, following up with some further questions once they have identified their priorities to talk about. 10 people with disabilities who were involved in Inclusion Works in each country were purposively selected to take part, each being invited to have two interviews with an interval of one or two months in between, in order to capture changes in their situation over time. The 10 interviewees had a range of impairments, were gender balanced and were various ages, as well as having differing living and working situations.

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Hart, Tim, J. Mary Wickenden, Stephen Thompson, Gary Pienaar, Tinashe Rubaba y Narnia Bohler-Muller. Literature Review to Support a Survey to Understand the Socio-economic, Wellbeing and Human Rights Related Experiences of People with Disabilities During Covid-19 Lockdown in South Africa. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), febrero de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2022.012.

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COVID-19 pandemic and associated national responses have had ramifications for societies around the world, including South Africa. The marginalisation of people with disabilities is well documented in pre-COVID times, and emerging evidence suggests that the crisis has made this worse, as well as presenting new challenges for people with disabilities. This paper presents a review of published research and grey literature of relevance to the proven or anticipated socio-economic, wellbeing and human right related impacts of COVID-19 on people with disabilities in South Africa and other contexts. Its purpose is to summarise evidence to inform a study on the experiences of South Africans with disabilities during the COVID-19 pandemic and the development of an improved inclusive framework for future management of such crises in South Africa. After a brief introduction, the paper is structured around four main sections. Context is provided by considering COVID-19 and disability both globally and in Africa. Then the literature focused on Humanitarian Disaster Risk Reduction and disability inclusion is discussed. Finally the South African policy and legislation environment on disability and humanitarian action is explored. The review finds that globally there is a limited but growing body of work on COVID-19 and disability. There is a particular dearth of evidence focusing specifically on Africa. The evidence that does exist tends either to be focused on a few particular countries or form part of large global surveys. Much of the global level grey literature published early in the pandemic and subsequently anticipates exacerbated negative experiences for people with disabilities, including exclusion from services, stigma and discrimination and lack of inclusive approaches to relief and support by governments and others. Advisory materials, sometimes focussed on specific subgroups, are generally in agreement about calling for a universally inclusive and disability aware approach to pandemic mitigation across settings and sectors. The limited primary research on COVID-19 and disability is mostly focussed on high income settings and or populations with particular health concerns.

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Enfield, Sue. Covid-19 Impact on Employment and Skills for the Labour Market. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), febrero de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.081.

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This literature review draws from academic and grey literature, published largely as institutional reports and blogs. Most information found considered global impacts on employment and the labour market with the particular impact for the very high numbers of youth, women, migrant workers, and people with disabilities who are more likely to be employed in the informal sector. There has been a high negative impact on the informal sector and for precariously employed groups. The informal labour market is largest in low and middle-income countries and engages 2 billion workers (62 percent) of the global workforce (currently around 3.3 billion). Particularly in low- and middle-income countries, hard-hit sectors have a high proportion of workers in informal employment and workers with limited access to health services and social protection. Economic contractions are particularly challenging for micro, small, and medium enterprises to weather. Reduced working hours and staff reductions both increase worker poverty and hardship. Women, migrant workers, and youth form a major part of the workforce in the informal economy since they are more likely to work in these vulnerable, low-paying informal jobs where there are few protections, and they are not reached by government support measures. Young people have been affected in two ways as many have had their education interrupted; those in work these early years of employment (with its continued important learning on the job) have been interrupted or in some cases ended.

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Cao, Xianling, Xuanyou Zhou, Naixin Xu, Songchang Chang y Chenming Xu. Association of IL-4 and IL-10 Polymorphisms with Preterm Birth Susceptibility: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, abril de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.4.0044.

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Review question / Objective: The aim of our systematic review and meta-analysis was to summarize the effects of IL-4 and IL-10 gene polymorphism and clarify their possible association with PTB. Condition being studied: World Health Organization (WHO) defines preterm birth (PTB) as babies born alive before 37 weeks of pregnancy are completed. The new estimates show that the prevalence of PTB during 2014 ranged from 8.7% to13.4% of all live births, about 15 million preterm babies born each year. Besides, PTB is the leading cause of death worldwide for children below 5 years of age. Babies born preterm are at an increased risk of short-term and long-term complications attributed to immaturity of multiple organ systems, such as cerebral palsy, intellectual disabilities, vision and hearing impairments, and impaired cognitive development. PTB has become a worldwide public health problem, but its etiology remains unclear. Accumulating evidence shows that PTB is a syndrome that can be attributed to a variety of pathological processes(5). Inflammatory diseases and genetic background are known risk factors for PTB, many studies had shown that genetic variations in proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 α (IL-1 α) are associated with increased risk of PTB, but the relationship between genetic polymorphism in anti-inflammatory cytokines and risk of PTB remains controversial.

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Braun, Lindsay, Jesus Barajas, Bumsoo Lee, Rebecca Martin, Rafsun Mashraky, Shubhangi Rathor y Manika Shrivastava. Construction of Pedestrian Infrastructure along Transit Corridors. Illinois Center for Transportation, marzo de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-004.

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The availability and quality of pedestrian infrastructure play key roles in enabling access to transit. Many transit operators face challenges in facilitating this access, however, because they lack land use authority and encounter other institutional and programmatic impediments to effecting changes in the pedestrian environment. This report identifies the barriers to pedestrian access to transit in suburban communities located in the Pace Suburban Bus service area in northeastern Illinois and suggests potential solutions to overcome these barriers. The research team led several activities to collect data, including: conducting an academic literature review; reviewing pedestrian plans, policies, and programs in the region; surveying and interviewing key stakeholders; reviewing pedestrian funding sources; surveying and conducting case studies of peer transit agencies; conducting physical audits of pedestrian infrastructure; and interviewing residents of six municipalities about their transit access experiences. Lack of adequate funding, difficulties planning across jurisdictional boundaries, and conflicts in transportation priorities are major impediments to building pedestrian infrastructure. While planners and decision-makers tend to value pedestrian planning, challenges such as funding constraints and the need to retrofit suburban infrastructure are key barriers to implementation. Peer transit agencies face similar barriers to Pace and use strategies such as plan and policy development, diverse funding opportunities, and collaborative partnerships with stakeholder agencies and advocacy groups to overcome these barriers. Transit riders generally reported positive experiences with pedestrian access to transit in their communities. Many locations had robust infrastructure, but common deficiencies included poor sidewalk connectivity, incomplete crossings, lack of lighting and transit shelters, and deficiencies in Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) infrastructure. A suite of policy recommendations for Pace and other partners that focus on planning, policy, funding, interagency coordination, education and training, infrastructure prioritization, and transit amenities address the full range of physical and institutional barriers identified in the research.

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