Tesis sobre el tema "Habitat loss"
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De, Souza Maira. "Predicting biodiversity loss in insular neotropical forest habitat patches". Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2014. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/52054/.
Texto completoDesrochers, Rachelle. "Habitat Loss and Avian Range Dynamics through Space and Time". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20374.
Texto completoYoung, Eric R. "Evaluating and monitoring habitat loss using satellite remote sensing imagery". Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/28153.
Texto completoWarren-Thomas, Eleanor. "Rubber plantations in the Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot : habitat loss, biodiversity and economics". Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2017. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/66569/.
Texto completoStaude, Ingmar René. "Local biodiversity erosion in south brazilian grasslands even with slight landscape habitat loss". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/173601.
Texto completoSo, Rachel I. "Does Additional Habitat Protection Facilitate the Recovery of Species Protected by the Endangered Species Act?" Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/30910.
Texto completoAtkinson, Philip W. "The wintering ecology of the Twite Carduelis flavirostris and the consequences of habitat loss". Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267539.
Texto completoHerse, Mark Richard. "Landscape ecology of two species of declining grassland sparrows". Thesis, Kansas State University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/35786.
Texto completoDepartment of Biology
Alice Boyle
Species extinctions over the past two centuries have mainly been caused by habitat destruction. Landscape change typically reduces habitat area, and can fragment contiguous habitat into remnant patches that are more subject to anthropogenic disturbance. Furthermore, changes in the landscape matrix and land-use intensification within remaining natural areas can reduce habitat quality and exacerbate the consequences of habitat loss and fragmentation. Accordingly, wildlife conservation requires an understanding of how landscape structure influences habitat selection. However, most studies of habitat selection are conducted at fine spatial scales and fail to account for landscape context. Temperate grasslands are a critically endangered biome, and remaining prairies are threatened by woody encroachment and disruptions to historic fire-grazing regimes. Here, I investigated the effects of habitat area, fragmentation, woody cover, and rangeland management on habitat selection by two species of declining grassland-obligate sparrows: Henslow’s Sparrows (Ammodramus henslowii) and Grasshopper Sparrows (A. savannarum). I conducted >10,000 bird surveys at sites located throughout eastern Kansas, home to North America’s largest remaining tracts of tallgrass prairie, during the breeding seasons of 2015 and 2016. I assessed the relative importance of different landscape attributes in determining occurrence and within-season site-fidelity of Henslow’s Sparrows using dynamic occupancy models. The species was rare, inhabited <1% of sites, and appeared and disappeared from sites within and between seasons. Henslow’s Sparrows only settled in unburned prairie early in spring, but later in the season, inhabited burned areas and responded to landscape structure at larger scales (50-ha area early in spring vs. 200-ha during mid-season). Sparrows usually settled in unfragmented prairie, strongly favored Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) fields embedded within rangeland, avoided trees, and disappeared from hayfields after mowing. Having identified fragmentation as an important determinant of Henslow’s Sparrow occurrence, I used N-mixture models to test whether abundance of the more common Grasshopper Sparrow was driven by total habitat area or core habitat area (i.e. grasslands >60 m from woodlands, croplands, or urbanized areas). Among 50-ha landscapes containing the same total grassland area, sparrows favored landscapes with more core habitat, and like Henslow’s Sparrows, avoided trees; in landscapes containing ~50–70% grassland, abundance decreased more than threefold if half the grassland area was near an edge, and the landscape contained trees. Effective conservation requires ensuring that habitat is suitable at spatial scales larger than that of the territory or home range. Protecting prairie remnants from agricultural conversion and woody encroachment, promoting CRP enrollment, and maintaining portions of undisturbed prairie in working rangelands each year are critical to protecting threatened grassland species. Both Henslow’s Sparrows and Grasshopper Sparrows were influenced by habitat fragmentation, underscoring the importance of landscape features in driving habitat selection by migratory birds. As habitat loss threatens animal populations worldwide, conservation efforts focused on protecting and restoring core habitat could help mitigate declines of sensitive species.
Robillard, Cassandra. "Prioritizing Areas for Habitat Conservation in the Face of Climate and Land-Use Change". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/34499.
Texto completoMiguel, Pedro Henrique. "Efeito de fragmentação de habitat sobre a associação entre ectoparasitos e morcegos na Mata Atlântica /". Rio Claro, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/183643.
Texto completoResumo: A perda de habitat é vista como um dos principais efeitos decorrentes das perturbações da paisagem causada pelo homem aos ambientes naturais. Essa gera maior isolamento dos fragmentos e diminui as áreas de contato entre habitat e matriz, com efeitos negativos sobre a biodiversidade. Os efeitos da perda de habitat nos padrões de biodiversidade são geralmente analisados usando dados de distribuição de espécies e / ou abundância relativa. No entanto, eles não podem ser identificados em populações em que esses efeitos ainda não foram refletidos na abundância e incidência de espécies, e não nos informam sobre os mecanismos causais subjacentes às respostas diferenciais de espécies ou populações a essas perturbações. Uma opção para preencher esta lacuna é concentrar-se em quantificar a miríade de processos fisiológicos em que diferentes espécies lidam com ambientes em mudança. Os morcegos apresentam uma grande diversidade morfológica, fisiológica e comportamental, estando presentes em uma diversa variedade de nichos ecológicos, estabelecendo diversas relações críticas para a manutenção dos ecossistemas onde ocorrem. Os morcegos frugívoros estão entre os mais importantes dispersores de sementes do Neotrópico. Juntamente com os morcegos, investigações com seus ectoparasitas específicos são de grande relevância, visto que, os ectoparasitas exercem pressões seletivas importantes sobre a evolução dos seus hospedeiros. Assim, perda de habitat pode trazer importantes mudanças para as popul... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Habitat loss is seen as one of the main effects of man-made landscape disturbances on natural environments. This generates greater isolation of the fragments and reduces the contact areas between habitat and matrix, with negative effects on biodiversity. The effects of habitat loss on biodiversity patterns are generally analyzed using species distribution and / or relative abundance data. However, they cannot be identified in populations where these effects have not yet been reflected in species abundance and incidence, and do not inform us of the causal mechanisms underlying the differential responses of species or populations to these disturbances. One option to bridge this gap is to focus on quantifying the myriad physiological processes in which different species deal with changing environments. Bats have a great morphological, physiological and behavioral diversity, being present in a diverse variety of ecological niches, establishing several critical relationships for the maintenance of the ecosystems where they occur. Fruit bats are among the most important seed dispersers of the Neotropic. Together with bats, investigations with their specific ectoparasites are of great relevance, as ectoparasites exert important selective pressures on their host evolution. Thus, habitat loss can bring about major changes to bat populations and in some biotic interactions such as parasitism. In this context, we use some physiological analysis to (1) evaluate the impacts of habitat los... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
Hatfield, Jack Henry. "The impacts of habitat loss and fragmentation upon the maintenance of biodiversity in tropical ecosystems". Thesis, Imperial College London, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/63830.
Texto completoEdgel, Robert John. "Habitat Selection and Response to Disturbance by Pygmy Rabbits in Utah". BYU ScholarsArchive, 2013. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3928.
Texto completoBogstedt, Carl. "How do corridors connecting two separated landscapes affect the ability of trophic metacommunities to survive habitat loss?" Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för fysik, kemi och biologi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-176548.
Texto completoRielly, Elizabeth Wheeler. "Spatial variation drives patterns of community composition and trophic relationships in a marine system". Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2015. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/345225.
Texto completoPh.D.
Examining how ecological processes are influenced by spatial variation can provide valuable insights into how communities are formed and how they may change in dynamic landscapes. In this thesis I address three objectives surrounding the spatial and temporal variation in species’ recruitment and predation, the influence of habitat isolation on consumer-resource relationships, and the influence of habitat fragmentation on a multi-trophic system. I used marine invertebrates, specifically crustaceans, bivalves, and sessile species as a model system. First, I address the spatial and temporal variation in local and regional processes in a multispecies assemblage of marine sessile invertebrates. Using diverse communities of marine sessile invertebrates as a model system I tested the hypothesis that spatial and temporal variation in recruitment and predation would shape local communities, and that both recruitment and predation would have significant effects on the abundance and structure of adult communities. I found that both recruitment and predation vary through time and space leading to the emergence of regional community divergence. I also address how habitat isolation interacts with top-down and bottom-up processes in seagrass ecosystems. Spatial structure of the habitat may mediate top-down and bottom-up controls of species abundances through decreased habitat connectivity and increased habitat isolation. I manipulated top down and bottom up processes by excluding mesograzers, adding resources, or altering both factors in isolated and contiguous patches of artificial seagrass. I then measured epiphyte recruitment, epiphyte abundances, and macroalgae abundance. I paired this with epiphyte sampling from isolated natural seagrass patches. I found that habitat isolation significantly decreased the abundance of epiphytes settling on seagrass blades due to dispersal limitation for epiphytic invertebrates. I found that consumers had strong effects on epiphyte biomass in continuous habitats, but not isolated habitats. Resource additions increased macroalgae cover and epiphyte biomass only in isolated habitats. The results suggest that isolated habitats may be nutrient limited and that top-down effects are stronger in continuous habitats, while bottom-up effects may dominate in isolated habitats. In my third objective, I address how habitat fragmentation may alter marine food webs. I examined whether predation rates, prey, and predator behavior differed between continuous and fragmented seagrass habitat in a multi-trophic context at two sites in Barnegat Bay, NJ. I hypothesized that blue crab predation rates and foraging would decrease in fragmented seascapes, due to a reduction in adult blue crab densities, increasing survival rates of juvenile blue crabs and hard clams. I expected hard clams to exhibit weaker predator avoidance behavior in fragmented habitats because of decreased predation. I found that species’ responses to fragmentation were different based on trophic level. Clams experienced higher predation and burrowed deeper in continuous habitats at both sites. Densities of blue crabs, the primary predator of hard clams, were higher in continuous habitats at both sites. Predation on juvenile blue crabs was significantly higher in fragmented seagrass at one site. Our results suggest that in fragmented seascapes, the impact of fragmentation on higher trophic level predators may drive predation rates and prey responses across the seascape, which may lead to trophic cascades in fragmented habitats.
Temple University--Theses
Matthews, Thomas James. "Analysing and modelling the impact of habitat fragmentation on species diversity : a macroecological perspective". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:1d71c6fe-06eb-4135-bdb3-874bb273bcb1.
Texto completoVidal, Mariana Morais. "Risco de extinção e a persistência de redes de interação entre plantas e frugívoros". Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41134/tde-15122014-113558/.
Texto completoSeed dispersal by vertebrates is a key ecological process for biodiversity maintenance, particularly in tropical regions. These mutualistic interactions can be disrupted due to hunting and habitat loss and fragmentation, threats that may lead mutualistic partners to extinction. In the present work, we seek to understand the consequences of possible extinctions of frugivorous birds on the organization of seed dispersal systems in the Brazilian Atlantic forest. First, we described the role each species plays in structuring the interaction networks they are part of. Then, we investigated potential biological correlates of these structural roles and we found that plants with small seeds and long fruiting periods tend to be more important to network structure. On the other hand, morphological traits (bill size and body mass) and ecological traits (abundance and degree of frugivory) were not relevant to explain the role bird species play in seed dispersal networks. Extinction risk, however, is associated with the structural role of bird species, so that higher-risk species tend to me more important for network structure. Our results suggest that the loss of higher-risk bird species may affect the organization of seed dispersal systems. In a later chapter, we seek to understand how seed dispersal systems would respond to increasing habitat loss. Based on empirical data, we estimated a sequence of bird species extinctions following habitat loss in the Atlantic forest. We simulated that sequence of extinctions in seed dispersal networks from a protected area, evaluating the impacts of such species deletions on the organization of interactions. Our results point out relative robustness of seed dispersal networks to removal of species due to habitat loss. On the other hand, the structure of the networks seems to collapse when the percentage of habitat cover shrinks to less than 30% of the landscape. It is possible that a threshold in species richness creates a threshold in network structure response to habitat loss. Finally, in a chapter of perspectives on the impacts of defaunation, we evaluated the importance of large frugivorous vertebrates as seed dispersers. We suggest that the inclusion of aspects of the natural history of large frugivores in complex networks may allow new insights and advances in studies investigating how these seed dispersers can influence the dynamics of plant communities. Considering the overall results presented in this work, we illustrate how the network approach can be useful when studying systems with many components, such as seed dispersal. We contribute to a better understanding of the biological aspects that affect the position species occupy within seed dispersal networks. Furthermore, we combined principles from landscape ecology and analysis of complex networks to understand the consequences of habitat loss on the organization of seed dispersal systems
Leite, Cristina Camargo Banks. "Conservação da comunidade de aves de sub-bosque em paisagens fragmentadas da Floresta Atlântica". Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41134/tde-23092009-103114/.
Texto completoTropical forests hold two thirds of all species in the world, but alterations in habitat cover, fragmentation and quality are driving tropical biodiversity to the brink of extinction. Despite the extended literature on this subject, there is a general agreement that the knowledge gained from many of these studies are context-specific and pervaded by methodological difficulties, such as high inter-correlations among many phenomena in human-altered landscapes and diverse biological responses to landscape change that depend on species traits. Because of these issues, there is great uncertainty about the generality of observed patterns and the effective application of results in the conservation of natural areas. Thus, in this thesis the aim was to bring light to some of these concerns by answering the following questions: (i) What is the role of ecosystem boundaries and edge effects on natural communities? (ii) Do bird communities show similar patterns of responses to habitat fragmentation in secondary forests as those previously reported for primary forest? (iii) Are edge and area effects on bird species functionally similar and even causally associated? (iv) How does a tropical understory bird community respond to the highly inter-correlated variation in forest cover, patch configuration and habitat quality; and is it possible to set these influences apart? (v) Could differences in sampling protocol alter community estimates or change the magnitude of ecological trends and the probability of detecting them? And (vi), which strategy is more efficient in identifying sites with the highest community integrity, indicator species or structural indicators, such as landscape metrics? To address these questions I used data from more than 7000 birds captured using mist nets in 65 sites from six landscapes with different proportions of forest cover and habitat degradation in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil. The results showed that: (i) edges are ubiquitous features of natural and human-altered landscapes and strongly influence most species; (ii) even though the bird community in secondary forests is degraded relative to primary communities, birds from these areas show similar responses to edge and area effects found for primary forests; (iii) edge effects are not only functionally similar, but might also be the main drivers of area effects in fragmented landscapes; (iv) the effects of changes in forest cover, patch configuration and habitat quality are highly confounded and without the use of analyses that explicitly model this correlation it is impossible to pull apart the relative influence of each variable; (v) the way the sampling protocol is designed temporally affects the perceived patterns of how species respond to area effects; and finally, (vi) structural indicators generate stronger and more consistent results than indicator species in predicting changes in community integrity. In conclusion, the results show that understorey birds are highly affected by changes in habitat cover, fragmentation and habitat quality in the Atlantic forest, but this influence is strongly dependent on the temporal and spatial context of the study. Also, because of the low consistency of results obtained from short-surveys, and the large explanatory power of models containing landscape metrics, structural indicators should be viewed as the best strategy for identifying sites with high community integrity.
Alves, Rafael Souza Cruz. "Efeito da quantidade de floresta na predação de sementes e frugivoria em diferentes tipos de ambientes /". Rio Claro, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/192129.
Texto completoResumo: Alterações antrópicas no nível de paisagens afetam de maneiras distintas os diversos grupos de animais e plantas. Tais alterações afetam a composição de espécies e estrutura de comunidades de mamíferos e aves, resultando na perda de funções ecológicas essenciais para a manutenção das florestas. Dentre os processos que podem ser mais afetados inclui-se a frugivoria e a predação de sementes. Desta forma, avançar os conhecimentos de como a paisagem e os tipos de ambientes influenciam tais processos é essencial para a proposição de estratégias que beneficiem a conservação da biodiversidade e manutenção de processos ecológicos. Este estudo tem por objetivo responder qual a contribuição relativa da proporção de vegetação florestal, do tipo de ambiente e sua interação sobre a predação de sementes e frugivoria. Estudamos quatro tipos de ambientes: interior de floresta continua, fragmento florestal, borda de floresta e corredor florestal. O estudo foi realizado em uma região de ecótono entre os biomas Amazônia e Cerrado no estado de Mato Grosso, Brasil. Nessa região foram selecionadas 17 paisagens, representando um gradiente de quantidade de floresta de 10% a 86% em um raio de 3 km. Nessas paisagens avaliamos a frugivoria utilizando frutos artificiais e a predação de sementes utilizando sementes de amendoim e girassóis. Nossos resultados sugerem que a frugivoria por aves foi positivamente relacionada a proporção florestal para aves de médio e grande porte, bem como para a frugivoria t... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Human changes at the landscape level affect different groups of animals and plants in different ways. Such changes affect species composition and mammal and bird community structure, resulting in the loss of essential ecological functions for forest maintenance. Among the most affected processes are the frugivory and seed predation. Thus, advancing the knowledge of how the landscape and environment types influence such processes is essential for proposing strategies that benefit the conservation of biodiversity and the maintenance of ecological processes. This study aims to assess the relative contribution of forest vegetation proportion, environment type and their interaction on seed predation and frugivory. We studied four environment types: continuous forest interior, forest fragment, forest edge and forest corridor. The study was carried out in an ecotone region between Amazon and Cerrado biomes in Mato Grosso state, Brazil. In this region, 17 landscapes were selected ranging from 10% to 86% of forest cover in a radius of 3 km. In each landscape we evaluated frugivory using artificial fruits and seed predation using peanut and sunflower seeds. Our results suggest that frugivory by birds was positively related to forest proportion for medium and large birds, as well as to total frugivory by birds, however the magnitude of the effect varied according to the group of birds. Frugivory by small mammals, on the other hand, showed a negative relationship with forest proportion, ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
Tang, Wai-wah. "A review of habitat loss and coastal development of Hong Kong with special reference to Lantau Island". Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B4378432x.
Texto completoFeswick, April Amanda Melissa. "Conserving biodiversity in agriculture-dominated landscapes: Loss of natural habitat drives lepidopteran declines at multiple spatial scales". Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27132.
Texto completoTang, Wai-wah y 鄧偉華. "A review of habitat loss and coastal development of Hong Kong with special reference to Lantau Island". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B4378432X.
Texto completoXie, Yujing y 谢玉静. "Habitat loss and fragmentation under urbanization: the spatio-temporal dynamics of causes, processes andconsequences at landscape level". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B50662302.
Texto completopublished_or_final_version
Geography
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
McWilliams, Chris. "Habitat loss and species interactions : an in silico investigation of the structure and dynamics of ecological communities". Thesis, University of Bristol, 2016. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.701387.
Texto completoDe, Camargo Rafael Xavier. "Ecological Responses of Avian Species to Land Cover Metrics at the Landscape-Level and Across Broad Spatial Extent". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/37113.
Texto completoVatka, E. (Emma). "Boreal populations facing climatic and habitat changes". Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2014. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526203607.
Texto completoTiivistelmä Ihmisen aiheuttama habitaattien katoaminen ja huononeminen sekä ilmastonmuutos vaikuttavat populaatioihin kaikkialla maailmassa. Ilmaston lämpeneminen on muuttanut monien lajien fenologioita eri trofiatasoilla. Osalla saalistajalajien populaatioista suurin ravinnontarve ei enää ajoitu samaan aikaan saaliin runsaushuipun kanssa. Ajoituksen eriaikaisuus -hypoteesin mukaan todennäköisyys populaatioon rekrytoitumiselle riippuu synkronian asteesta saaliin kanssa. Ilmaston lämpenemisen vaikutuksissa lajeihin ja populaatioihin on kuitenkin vaihtelua. Ihmisen maankäyttö muuttaa ja tuhoaa lukuisien lajien elinympäristöjä. Esimerkiksi useiden boreaalisten metsien lintupopulaatioiden pienentymistä on selitetty intensiivisellä metsätaloudella. Lahopuun määrä metsissä on vähentynyt, mikä on uhka lahopuusta riippuvaisille lajeille. Korkealaatuisten habitaattien keskeisten piirteiden tunnistaminen on tärkeää luonnonsuojelun ja kestävän metsätalouden suunnittelulle. Koska yksilöiden oletetaan valitsevan niiden kelpoisuutta maksimoivia elinympäristöjä, pesäpaikanvalinta-analyysiä voidaan käyttää tärkeiden habitaattipiirteiden tunnistamiseen. Tarkastelen väitöskirjassani ilmastonmuutoksen ja habitaattien laadun vaikutuksia boreaalisiin populaatioihin. Mallilajeina käytän koloissa pesiviä varpuslintuja. Hyödyntämällä pitkäaikaisaineistoja osoitan, että lisääntymisen ajoittuminen on aikaistunut tali- ja hömötiaisella, mutta ei sinitiaisella. Myös ravintohuippu on aikaistunut, mikä on parantanut synkroniaa hömötiaisen ja sen pääasiallisen ravinnon eli toukkien välillä. Tali- ja sinitiaisella synkronia on pysynyt hyvänä. Hyvän synkronian myönteinen vaikutus lisääntymismenestykseen vaikuttaa kuitenkin ehdolliselta: se tulee esiin vain tietyissä olosuhteissa, kuten vuosina jolloin toukkia on runsaasti. Kevään lämpötilat näyttävät vaikuttavan pesinnän ajoittumiseen erityisesti proksimaattisena tekijänä. Pesäpaikkoina toimivien seisovien lahopuiden määrä on tärkein hömötiaisen pesäpaikanvalintaa määräävä tekijä. Kaukokartoitusaineisto yksinään ei riitä luotettavien mallien tuottamiseen, sillä ekologisesti tärkeät pienen skaalan tekijät voidaan kartoittaa vain suorin maastomittauksin. Metsien harventamatta jättäminen valituilla laikuilla turvaisi lahopuun jatkuvan saatavuuden, mikä vaikuttaisi myönteisesti talousmetsien biodiversiteettiin
Zanirato, Gisele Lamberti [UNESP]. "A influência da perda e da fragmentação do habitat sobre a ocupação e o padrão de atividade do tamanduá-bandeira (Myrmecophaga tridactyla)". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/151071.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Com a expansão dos centros urbanos e das atividades agrícolas, as áreas do bioma Cerrado no estado de São Paulo vêm sendo transformadas em paisagens altamente fragmentadas constituídas em grande parte por fragmentos pequenos. A perda e a fragmentação do habitat tem sido um dos principais fatores responsáveis pelo declínio populacional e pela extinção local de espécies com baixa densidade populacional, baixa taxa de reprodução, alta demanda por espaço e especialista alimentar, como o tamanduá-bandeira (Myrmecophaga tridactyla). É conhecido que algumas espécies de mamíferos modificam seus padrões de atividade frente às perturbações antrópicas e até em relação aos efeitos da perda de habitat. Diante disso, os objetivos deste estudo foram avaliar se a área e o isolamento do fragmento, a porcentagem de vegetação nativa e a disponibilidade hídrica da paisagem são importantes para explicar a ocupação dos fragmentos pelo tamanduá-bandeira, e verificar se há diferenças no padrão de atividade entre as populações de tamanduás que ocupam os fragmentos menores (< 2.015 ha) e a população que ocupa o fragmento maior (10.285 ha). Os dados de presença e ausência dos tamanduás-bandeira em cada um dos vinte fragmentos de vegetação nativa localizados no nordeste do estado de São Paulo foram coletados através de armadilhas fotográficas. A influência da temperatura e da pluviosidade na probabilidade de detecção dos tamanduás e a importância das variáveis de fragmento e de paisagem na probabilidade de ocupação dos fragmentos pela espécie foram avaliadas através de modelos de ocupação de estação única. O Critério de Informação de Akaike corrigido (AICc) foi utilizado para a seleção dos melhores modelos e o teste de Mardia Watson Wheeler foi usado para verificar possíveis diferenças no padrão de atividade entre as populações que ocupam os fragmentos menores e a população presente no fragmento maior. O padrão de atividade dos tamanduás não foi influenciado pela área do fragmento, no entanto, a probabilidade de ocupação dos fragmentos pela espécie foi maior nos fragmentos com áreas maiores e em fragmentos com maior porcentagem de vegetação nativa ao redor. Portanto, a conservação de fragmentos maiores e de fragmentos com maior porcentagem de vegetação nativa ao redor é de grande importância para a conservação de tamanduás-bandeira no nordeste do estado de São Paulo.
With the expansion of urban areas and agricultural activities, the Cerrado’s areas in São Paulo state have been transformed in highly fragmented landscapes consisting largely of small fragments. Habitat loss and fragmentation have been one of the main factors responsible for population decline and local extinction of species with low population density, low reproduction rate, high spatial demand and diet specialist, such as the giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla). It is known that some species of mammals modify their activity patterns in face of anthropic disturbances and even in relation to the habitat loss effects. On this, the aims of this study were to evaluate if the patch’s area and the isolation, the native vegetation percentage and water availability in the landscape are important to explain the patches occupancy by the giant anteater, and verify if there are differences in the activity pattern between the anteaters populations that inhabit the smaller patches (<2,015 ha) and the population that occupies the larger patch (10,285 ha). The presence and absence data of the giant anteaters in each one of the twenty patches of native vegetation located in the northeast of the São Paulo state were collected through camera traps. The temperature and rainfall influence on the detection probability of the anteaters and the importance of the patch and landscape variables on the occupancy probability of the patches by the species were evaluated through single-season occupancy models.The corrected Akaike Information Criterion (AICc) was used to select the best models and the Mardia Watson Wheeler test was used to verify possible differences in the activity pattern between the populations that inhabit the smaller patches and the population present in the larger patch. The activity pattern of the anteaters was not influenced by the patch’s area, however, the occupancy probability of the patches by the species was higher in the larger patches and in patches with higher native vegetation percentage around. Therefore, the conservation of larger patches and of the patches with higher native vegetation percentage around them is of great importance for the anteater conservation in the northeast of the São Paulo state.
Poor, Erin Elizabeth. "A multiscale analysis and quantification of human impacts on Sumatran tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrae) habitat in Riau, Sumatra". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/85130.
Texto completoPh. D.
Donaldson, Lynda. "Conservation and ecology of wetland birds in Africa". Thesis, University of Exeter, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/31812.
Texto completoLawson, Laté Ayao. "Essays on economic growth energy use and biodiversity loss". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAB011.
Texto completoThe impact of economic activities and increasing population on the environment raise profound interrogations towards the future of human societies and environmental resources. In this, the "Limits to Growth" (Meadows, Meadows, Behrens and Randers, 1974) warn human societies about the possibility of social collapse if current trends of exploitation of natural resources and environmental degradation remain unchanged. The wealth of nature being essential to the wealth of nations, this thesis in economics through four theoretical and empirical contributions addresses the possibility of a peaceful cohabitation between human and nature and discusses conservation policies of nature. Our theoretical and empirical results show on the one hand that human habitat is being expanded to the detriment of other biological species (animal and plant). On the other hand, we show that current efforts to conserve biological species are strongly oriented towards forests whose richness in biodiversity is doubtful. Finally, we show that an increasingly growing consumption of primary energies, therefore with strong ecological impacts, is still to be expected from developing countries. In terms of environmental policies, our work advocates for a reduction of the ecological footprint of human societies. This includes policies promoting forest regeneration and not the reduction of covered areas, expansion of protected areas, especially in developing countries and incentives for individuals to orient preferences towards the demand for goods with low ecological impacts
Mulligan, Margaret R. "POPULATION LOSS OF GOLDENSEAL, HYDRASTIS CANADENSIS L., (RANUNCULACEAE), IN OHIO". Miami University / OhioLINK, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1066347702.
Texto completoCastor, Kathleen B. "Regulatory Methodology and Unmitigated Wetland Loss in Southwest Florida". Scholar Commons, 2018. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7272.
Texto completoWilber, Samantha. "North American River Otter (Lontra canadensis) Presence and Habitat Analysis in Florida as Compared to Historical Data". Scholar Commons, 2015. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6052.
Texto completoZanirato, Gisele Lamberti. "A influência da perda e da fragmentação do habitat sobre a ocupação e o padrão de atividade do tamanduá-bandeira (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) /". São José do Rio Preto, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/151071.
Texto completoBanca: Natália Mundim Tôrres
Banca: Guilherme de Miranda Mourão
Resumo: Com a expansão dos centros urbanos e das atividades agrícolas, as áreas do bioma Cerrado no estado de São Paulo vêm sendo transformadas em paisagens altamente fragmentadas constituídas em grande parte por fragmentos pequenos. A perda e a fragmentação do habitat tem sido um dos principais fatores responsáveis pelo declínio populacional e pela extinção local de espécies com baixa densidade populacional, baixa taxa de reprodução, alta demanda por espaço e especialista alimentar, como o tamanduá-bandeira (Myrmecophaga tridactyla). É conhecido que algumas espécies de mamíferos modificam seus padrões de atividade frente às perturbações antrópicas e até em relação aos efeitos da perda de habitat. Diante disso, os objetivos deste estudo foram avaliar se a área e o isolamento do fragmento, a porcentagem de vegetação nativa e a disponibilidade hídrica da paisagem são importantes para explicar a ocupação dos fragmentos pelo tamanduá-bandeira, e verificar se há diferenças no padrão de atividade entre as populações de tamanduás que ocupam os fragmentos menores (< 2.015 ha) e a população que ocupa o fragmento maior (10.285 ha). Os dados de presença e ausência dos tamanduás-bandeira em cada um dos vinte fragmentos de vegetação nativa localizados no nordeste do estado de São Paulo foram coletados através de armadilhas fotográficas. A influência da temperatura e da pluviosidade na probabilidade de detecção dos tamanduás e a importância das variáveis de fragmento e de paisagem na probabilidade...
Abstract: With the expansion of urban areas and agricultural activities, the Cerrado's areas in São Paulo state have been transformed in highly fragmented landscapes consisting largely of small fragments. Habitat loss and fragmentation have been one of the main factors responsible for population decline and local extinction of species with low population density, low reproduction rate, high spatial demand and diet specialist, such as the giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla). It is known that some species of mammals modify their activity patterns in face of anthropic disturbances and even in relation to the habitat loss effects. On this, the aims of this study were to evaluate if the patch's area and the isolation, the native vegetation percentage and water availability in the landscape are important to explain the patches occupancy by the giant anteater, and verify if there are differences in the activity pattern between the anteaters populations that inhabit the smaller patches (<2,015 ha) and the population that occupies the larger patch (10,285 ha). The presence and absence data of the giant anteaters in each one of the twenty patches of native vegetation located in the northeast of the São Paulo state were collected through camera traps. The temperature and rainfall influence on the detection probability of the anteaters and the importance of the patch and landscape variables on the occupancy probability of the patches by the species were evaluated through single-season ... (
Mestre
Gregorini, Marina Zanin. "Efeitos da perda e fragmentação de habitat sobre felinos: ecologia e genética de paisagem como ferramentas para a conservação". Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/3462.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
Nosso trabalho teve como objetivo investigar o efeito da perda e fragmentação de habitat sobre os felinos (Carnivora: Felidae), testando hipóteses relacionadas ao tema, bem como fazendo inferências para a conservação. Apresentamos aqui três capítulos no formato de artigo científico e uma breve discussão geral, que consiste na compreensão geral proveniente dos resultados dos três primeiros. Iniciamos essa tese com uma revisão sistemática e quantitativa da literatura sobre o efeito da perda e fragmentação do habitat sobre felinos. Esse trabalho consistiu no passo inicial dessa tese, pois permitiu identificar as lacunas de conhecimento, tendências gerais e metodologias eficientes a serem aplicadas nas outras etapas do trabalho. No entanto, nossa revisão se estende além da avaliação do “estado da arte”, pois testamos também hipóteses relativas a alocação do esforço de pesquisa.
Nosso trabalho teve como objetivo investigar o efeito da perda e fragmentação de habitat sobre os felinos (Carnivora: Felidae), testando hipóteses relacionadas ao tema, bem como fazendo inferências para a conservação. Apresentamos aqui três capítulos no formato de artigo científico e uma breve discussão geral, que consiste na compreensão geral proveniente dos resultados dos três primeiros. Iniciamos essa tese com uma revisão sistemática e quantitativa da literatura sobre o efeito da perda e fragmentação do habitat sobre felinos. Esse trabalho consistiu no passo inicial dessa tese, pois permitiu identificar as lacunas de conhecimento, tendências gerais e metodologias eficientes a serem aplicadas nas outras etapas do trabalho. No entanto, nossa revisão se estende além da avaliação do “estado da arte”, pois testamos também hipóteses relativas a alocação do esforço de pesquisa.
Keeton, Jenna M. "The Vulnerability of Littoral Structures Under Multiyear Drought Conditions". DigitalCommons@USU, 2019. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7585.
Texto completoMartins, Thais Kubik. "Determinantes ecológicos do risco de extinção: abundância local, amplitude de nicho, capacidade de dispersão e a resposta das espécies de pequenos mamíferos à fragmentação florestal no Planalto Atlântico Paulista". Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41133/tde-19042012-101419/.
Texto completoAnthropogenic disturbances, particularly habitat loss and fragmentation, are considered the main causes of the increased extinction rates observed in the last decades. Since the risk of extinction is extremely variable among species, the ecological determinants of the chance of extinction have been in the center of the debates in the ecological literature. Ecological traits associated with rarity, as niche breadth and local abundance, and dispersal ability are recurrently mentioned in the literature as the main determinants of the risk of local extinction. Using data on occurrence in fragments, continuous forest and areas of agriculture, and on capture-recapture in three 2-ha grids in continuous forest, in the Atlantic Plateau of São Paulo, we investigate the effects of these three ecological traits on the risk of local extinction in small mammals. We used a model selection approach and the Akaike criterion (AICc) to evaluate which of the existing hypotheses on the relationship of these traits with the extinction risk is most plausible. Two model selections were run: one considering the three traits and seven species, and another considering only niche breadth and local abundance and 18 species. The results from both selections point to niche breadth as the main determinant of the risk of local extinction. Local abundance was secondarily important, with a positive effect on extinction risk, which is stronger among the species with smaller niche breadth. This result is consistent with the idea that local abundance is influenced by species degree of ecological specialization and competitive ability, which is negatively related to colonization ability through a trade-off. As dispersal ability varied little among studied species, and colonization ability is also determined by population growth rate, it is possible that the risk of extinction among habitat specialist small mammals is secondarily defined by population growth rate
Graß, Ingo [Verfasser] y Nina [Akademischer Betreuer] Farwig. "Habitat loss and exotic plant invasions disrupt plant-animal mutualisms in a heterogeneous South African landscape / Ingo Graß. Betreuer: Nina Farwig". Marburg : Philipps-Universität Marburg, 2014. http://d-nb.info/105193494X/34.
Texto completoHeer, Henriette [Verfasser], Ralf B. [Gutachter] Schäfer y Stefan [Gutachter] Ruzika. "Mathematical models of species dispersal and the resilience of metapopulations against habitat loss / Henriette Heer ; Gutachter: Ralf B. Schäfer, Stefan Ruzika". Landau : Universität Koblenz-Landau, Campus Landau, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1230798900/34.
Texto completoChambers, Joanne. "Terrestrial habitat requirements of a suite of anuran species inhabiting a semi-arid region of South East Queensland". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2008. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16610/1/Joanne_Chambers_Thesis.pdf.
Texto completoChambers, Joanne. "Terrestrial habitat requirements of a suite of anuran species inhabiting a semi-arid region of South East Queensland". Queensland University of Technology, 2008. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16610/.
Texto completoCoristine, Laura Elizabeth. "Climate Change Impacts on Biodiversity". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35245.
Texto completoSilva, Leonardo Henrique da. "Seleção de dormitórios pelos micos-leões-pretos : uma comparação entre floresta contínua e fragmento /". Rio Claro, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/183152.
Texto completoResumo: A seleção de dormitórios pelos primatas pode ser influenciada por diversos fatores, como a predação, termorregulação e defesa de território. Nosso objetivo foi investigar quais desses fatores influenciam a seleção de dormitórios pelos micos-leões-pretos e se há divergência nas características dos dormitórios entre uma floresta contínua e um fragmento. Estudamos dois grupos de mico-leões-pretos, um numa floresta contínua e um num fragmento na região do Pontal do Paranapanema, São Paulo, Brasil. Nós coletamos os dados sobre as características físicas dos dormitórios e das árvores disponíveis no habitat. Usamos testes de Mann-Whitney para comparar as características físicas dos dormitórios com as árvores disponíveis e Funções de Seleção de Recursos (RSF) para entender quais dessas características são mais importantes na escolha dos dormitórios. Os micos-leões-pretos usaram árvores mais altas, com menor número de conexões de copas e com um alto grau de cobertura de copa para dormir, quando comparado às árvores disponíveis. Os dormitórios usados pelo grupo da floresta contínua eram maiores, com as primeiras ramificações inferiores mais altas e com menor número de conexão de copas do que os dormitórios usados pelo grupo do fragmento. Nossos resultados evidenciam a presença de estratégias anti-predação pelos grupos de micos-leões-pretos, com o grupo da floresta contínua apresentando um processo de seleção de dormitórios mais refinado, no qual a seleção apenas de árvores que possuam ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Sleeping site selection by primates can be influenced by several factors, such as predation, thermoregulation and territorial defense. Our objective was to investigate which of these factors influence the sleeping site selection by black lion tamarins and if there is divergence in the characteristics of the sleeping sites between a continuous forest and a fragment. We studied two groups of black lion tamarins, one in a continuous forest and one in a small and isolated fragment in the Pontal do Paranapanema, São Paulo, Brazil. We collected data on the physical characteristics of the sleeping sites and available trees within the both habitats. We used Mann-Whitney tests to compare the physical characteristics of the sleeping sites with available trees and Resource Selection Functions (RSF) to understand which of these characteristics are most important in choosing the sleeping sites. Black lion tamarins used taller trees, with a fewer canopy connections, and a higher degree of canopy cover compared to the available trees. The sleeping sites used by the continuous forest group were larger, with the first lower ramifications higher and with fewer number of canopy connections than the sleeping sites used by the fragment group. Our results evidenced the presence of anti-predation strategies by both black lion tamarin groups, with the continuous forest group presenting a more refined sleeping site selection process, in which the selection of only trees with a larger set of character... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
Cateau, Eugénie. "Réponse des coléoptères saproxyliques aptères aux perturbations anthropiques des forêts et des paysages". Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016INPT0045/document.
Texto completoTo enable species migration in a global warming context, public policies try to improve European natural network (Green and Blue infrastructure, old trees network...). These measures might be adapted to the high-dispersal species, but there is a lack of knowledge concerning the ability of the low-dispersal species to move using these networks. Lots of these species remain poorly known. Considering forest ecosystems, ightless saproxylic beetles are supposed to be dispersal limited species because of they are small, unable to y and have trophic exigencies. The aim of this study is to understand how dispersal limited species evolve temporally and spatially in the landscape. Flightless saproxylic beetles have been sampled by sieving litter in front of ten trees per stand, using a modied Winkler and extracted through an adapted Berlese. This standardization of the methods lead to sample an average of 97,2% of the species targeted in each forest. A monthly survey during two years has shown that the species are present in the litter throughout the year and that they are stable over two years. The best season to sample them appeared to be autumn and spring. Comparison between old growth forests and harvested stands in the French Pyrénnées has shown that harvesting does not impact signi cantly the target species. Their repartitions were highly dierent between the studied valleys, which is assumed to result from the dierence in the past human impact. In the highly fragmented landscape (Coteaux de Gascogne, SW France), very few ightless saproxylic species have been sampled. Surprisingly, this experiment has shown that the landscape characteristics explain better these dispersal limited species' repartitions than the forest characteristics. For half of them, landscape composition in the 1850's explain better the repartition than the current one. A threshold of 15% of forest cover appeared to be determinant for one species (Dienerella clathrata). We showed that the studied species use the edges (at least to move through them) whatever their characteristics may be. As soon as they are present in the forest, they are in the connected edge. Moving abilities of 3 species have been approached by measuring the running speed in laboratory. This experiment showed a mean of running speed of 1,6m.h -1. These dierent elements lead us to conclude that the ightless saproxylic beetles are mobile in the landscape. All these results, and the fact that species richness is correlated to the landscape anthropisation, leads us to conclude that this taxonomic group can support human impact at small spatial and temporal scale, but are poorly resilient to large and long anthropisation
Eklöf, Anna. "Species extinctions in food webs : local and regional processes". Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Teoretisk Biologi, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-51815.
Texto completoLe, Moine Rebecka. "The land use cover changes from 1992 to 2011 in Karbi Anglong, Assam, India". Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Ekologi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-79347.
Texto completoGibbs, Mary Katherine E. "Species Declines: Examining Patterns of Species Distribution, Abundance, Variability and Conservation Status in Relation to Anthropogenic Activities". Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/23315.
Texto completoAlves, Suélen da Silva. "CULTIVO DE EUCALYPTUS REDUZ A DIVERSIDADE DA HERPETOFAUNA EM ÁREA DE CAMPO NO SUL DO BRASIL". Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2014. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/5321.
Texto completoThe expansion of forestation on grassland ecosystems has dramatically changed the landscape, as well as affected the biodiversity and the sustainability of these ecosystems around the world. Grasslands of southern South America hold high diversity and several cases of endemism, but historically are insufficiently protected in conservation units and experience drastic reduction due to cultivation of exotic trees as eucalyptus, black wattle and pine. Grasslands of Pampa biome in Brazilian territory are restricted to the state of Rio Grande do Sul, where recent estimates indicate that the grassyfields will disappear within the next few decades if the current scenario of changes in the productive matrix is maintained. In order to contribute with subsidies to conservation of grasslands ecosystems, the goal of this Dissertation was to study the spatial patterns in the distribution of herpetofauna (i.e. amphibians and reptiles), as well as environmental variables associated with native grasslands and eucalyptus plantation in the Pampa biome, Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. Thus, native grasslands and eucalyptus crops were characterized and compared regarding species richness, taxonomic composition, and abundance of amphibians and reptiles, using pitfall traps during eight sampling months (September 2012 to April 2013). The communities of amphibians and reptiles studied responded negatively to the replacement of native grasslands by arboreal crops because they were dominated by a few species in eucalyptus cultivation . Through nesting analysis and similarity tests, we recorded that reptiles responded strongly to habitat modification, since the community recorded in eucalypt was an impoverished subset of that recorded in native pasture, being still dominated by species commonly abundant in degraded areas. Amphibians responded strongly regarding species abundance and keenly to species richness, but did not respond to the gradient regarding taxonomic composition of the community. The environmental variables most strongly related to the pattern of segregation observed between native grasslands and eucalyptus cultivation were the percentage of low cover vegetation on soil and brightness. Our results indicate that eucalyptus forestation profoundly modify the structure of undergrowth vegetation, typical of grassland ecosystems and essential to the biology of several habitat-specialist species, including rare species. In this context, we emphasize that the habitat loss due to expanding forestation on grasslands configures a serious threat to conservation of the herpetofauna of the Pampa biome. Such effects can be minimized only after the adoption of specifically committed environmental policies to the conservation of grasslands ecosystems, until now so neglected.
A expansão da silvicultura sobre os ecossistemas campestres tem alterado dramaticamente a paisagem, bem como afetado a biodiversidade e a sustentabilidade desses ecossistemas ao redor do mundo. Os campos do sul da América do Sul detêm alta diversidade biológica e inúmeros casos de endemismos, mas historicamente são insuficientemente protegidos em Unidades de Conservação e experimentam drástica redução devido ao plantio de exóticas como o eucalipto, a acácia-negra e pinus. Os campos do bioma Pampa em território brasileiro estão restritos ao estado do Rio Grande do Sul, onde estimativas recentes apontam que estes desaparecerão dentro das próximas décadas se o corrente cenário de mudanças na matriz produtiva for mantido. A fim de contribuir com subsídios à preservação dos ecossistemas campestres, o objetivo dessa Dissertação foi estudar os padrões espaciais da distribuição da herpetofauna (i.e. anfíbios e répteis), bem como de variáveis ambientais associadas, em campo nativo e plantio de eucalipto localizados no bioma Pampa, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Assim, campos nativos e cultivos de eucalipto foram caracterizados e comparados quanto à riqueza de espécies, composição taxonômica e abundância de anfíbios e répteis, utilizando armadilhas de interceptação e queda durante oito meses de coleta (setembro de 2012 à abril de 2013). As comunidades de anfíbios e répteis estudadas responderam negativamente à substituição dos campos nativos por cultivos arbóreos, pois foram dominadas por poucas espécies no cultivo de eucalipto. Através da análise de aninhamento e teste de similaridade, evidenciamos que os répteis responderam fortemente à alteração do hábitat, já que a comunidade registrada no eucalipto foi um subconjunto empobrecido daquela registrada no campo nativo, sendo ainda dominada por espécies comumente abundantes em áreas degradadas. Anfíbios responderam fortemente quanto à abundância das espécies e sutilmente quanto à riqueza específica, mas não responderam ao gradiente quanto à composição taxonômica da comunidade. As variáveis ambientais mais fortemente relacionadas ao padrão de segregação observado entre o campo nativo e o cultivo de eucalipto foram a porcentagem de vegetação rasteira recobrindo o solo e a luminosidade. Nossos resultados indicam que o cultivo de eucalipto altera profundamente a estrutura da vegetação rasteira, típica do ecossistema campestre e imprescindível à biologia de inúmeras espécies habitatespecialistas, incluindo espécies raras. Nesse sentido, enfatizamos que a perda de hábitat campestre devido à expansão da silvicultura configura séria ameaça à conservação da herpetofauna do bioma Pampa. Tais efeitos poderão ser minimizados somente após a adoção de políticas públicas ambientais especificamente comprometidas com a conservação dos ecossistemas campestres, até então negligenciados.
Hutchison, Melissa Alice Sarah. "Interactions between habitat fragmentation and invasions: factors driving exotic plant invasions in native forest remnants, West Coast, New Zealand". Thesis, University of Canterbury. School of Biological Sciences, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/3218.
Texto completoOshima, Júlia Emi de Faria. "Movement ecology and spatial distribution of Tayassu pecari in heterogeneous tropical landscapes /". Rio Claro, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/183519.
Texto completoResumo: Modificações da cobertura do solo, perturbações antropogênicas e mudanças climáticas na região Neotropical têm sido associadas à crise da biodiversidade. Nesta tese, o objetivo principal foi investigar os efeitos que a estrutura da paisagem (incluindo a perturbação antropogênica) e a qualidade do habitat têm na distribuição espacial, nos padrões de movimento e na seleção de habitat da queixada - Tayassu pecari. Esta espécie é o único ungulado florestal Neotropical que forma grandes bandos e é uma espécie-chave nos ecossistemas florestais, pois sua extinção local pode causar perdas adicionais de biodiversidade por meio de efeitos em cascata. Ainda assim, pouco se sabe sobre uso do espaço e movimentos de queixadas em escala fina. Para tanto, estudamos a distribuição e movimentação da espécie em diferentes escalas e biomas do Brasil, investigando quais variáveis de paisagem influenciaram a mesma em diferentes escalas e ordens de seleção. Nossos resultados mostram fortes efeitos negativos da modificação da paisagem e fragmentação do habitat na distribuição de queixadas, restando apenas 47% do território brasileiro com áreas adequadas para a espécie. Verificamos que menos da metade de todas as áreas protegidas nos biomas Cerrado e Mata Atlântica têm um habitat adequado para a queixada. Para a análise do movimento, rastreamos 30 indivíduos com colares de GPS de julho de 2013 a outubro de 2016 no Pantanal e no Cerrado do estado do Mato Grosso do Sul. Nossos principais resultados mos... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Land cover modifications, anthropogenic disturbances and climate change in the Neotropical region have been linked to the biodiversity crisis. This thesis proposal was to investigate the effects that landscape structure (including anthropogenic disturbance) and habitat quality have in the spatial distribution, in the movement patterns and in the habitat selection of the white-lipped peccary - Tayassu pecari (WLP). This species is the only Neotropical forest ungulate that forms large herds, and it is a keystone species in forest ecosystems because its local extinction may cause additional biodiversity losses through cascading effects. Still, little is known about WLPs space use and fine-scale movement. For that aim we studied the species distribution and movements in different scales and biomes of Brazil, investigating which landscape variables would influence the species in different scales and orders of selection. Our findings show strong negative effects of landscape modification and habitat fragmentation on white-lipped peccary distribution, with only 47% of the Brazilian territory with suitable areas for the species. We also found that less than half of all protected areas in the Cerrado and the Atlantic Forest biomes have suitable habitat for WLP. For the movement analysis we tracked 30 individuals with GPS collars from July 2013 to October of 2016 in the Pantanal and in the Cerrado of Mato Grosso do Sul state. Our main results showed a positive selection of WLP for fore... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
Carvalho, Carolina da Silva. "O papel da estrutura da paisagem na variabilidade genética da palmeira Euterpe edulis na Mata Atlântica". Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/3770.
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Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-11T19:02:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Carolina da Silva Carvalho - 2013.pdf: 2199681 bytes, checksum: ed22c98d9a9a33449462463405206c01 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-04-30
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
Não consta resumo em outro idioma.
Essa dissertação está estruturada em dois capítulos cujo objetivo geral foi entender como características da paisagem influenciam a variação e a estruturação genética, usando a abordagem de genética da paisagem e a palmeira Euterpe edulis (Arecaceae) como modelo de estudo. A genética da paisagem surgiu a partir da junção de três grandes áreas da ciência: ecologia da paisagem, ecologia espacial e genética de populações (Manel et al. 2003). Difere-se de disciplinas clássicas como genética de populações e filogeografia, pois incorpora testes explícitos de heterogeneidade ambiental a fim de entender a distribuição da variabilidade genética no espaço (Storfer et al. 2007). Dentre as abordagens frequentemente realizadas na genética da paisagem podemos: identificar características da paisagem que influenciam a conectividade e diversidade genética, realizar design de corredores ecológicos e reservas, e predizer impactos de futuras mudanças ambientais na conectividade e permanência da espécie (Spear et al. 2010). No entanto, a primeira abordagem é a mais utilizada nos estudos, onde são testados o efeito do relevo, da hidrografia, das estradas (Spear et al. 2005), dos corredores, do tamanho e do isolamento dos fragmentos, e da proporção de habitat (Coulon et al. 2004, Dixo et al. 2009) sobre o fluxo gênico e variação genética. Além disso, a genética da paisagem pode ser particularmente importante para explicar padrões originados a partir de processos micro-evolutivos (Manel et al. 2003), principalmente em paisagens extremamente fragmentadas. Como é uma área relativamente nova, estudiosos da genética da paisagem vem colocando esforços para testar uma grande variedade de métodos estatísticos (e.g. Cushman et al. 2006, Cushman & Landguth 2010, Wagner & Fortin 2012), técnicas de tratamento espaciais de dados, e favorecendo-se da alta tecnologia do desenvolvimento de marcadores genéticos (Spear et al. 2005, Storfer et al. 2007). No entanto, apesar do crescente número de publicações, Storfer e colaboradores (2010) encontraram que a maioria dos estudos em genética da paisagem ainda está concentrada na América do Norte e Europa, sendo que 90% dos estudos incluem apenas uma espécie e apenas 14,5% desses é realizado com plantas. Portanto, no primeiro capítulo dessa dissertação intitulado “Linking genetics to landscape: large scale study of an Atlantic Rainforest palm species Euterpe edulis” foi realizada uma metanálise com o objetivo de avaliar a contribuição relativa da heterogeneidade ambiental, da adequabilidade ambiental para o estabelecimento da espécie, e dos efeitos antrópicos para explicar a variação da diversidade genética e do grau de endocruzamento em populações de Euterpe edulis ao longo do bioma Mata Atlântica. O segundo capítulo intitulado: “Matrix resistance and habitat loss determines patterns of genetic differentiation in a Rainforest palm species”, avaliou se a perda de habitat e a fragmentação afetam a variabilidade e diferenciação genética do E. edulis. Para responder a nossa pergunta, sete paisagens de 2 km foram analisadas no estado de São Paulo, sudeste do Brasil, totalizando 22 áreas. Para acessar a variabilidade e diferenciação genética dessas áreas, utilizamos 8 locos de microssatélites e usamos comparação de modelos com múltiplas hipóteses concorrentes baseado no critério de informação de Akaike (AIC).