Tesis sobre el tema "Greffage « grafting to »"
Crea una cita precisa en los estilos APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard y otros
Consulte los 50 mejores tesis para su investigación sobre el tema "Greffage « grafting to »".
Junto a cada fuente en la lista de referencias hay un botón "Agregar a la bibliografía". Pulsa este botón, y generaremos automáticamente la referencia bibliográfica para la obra elegida en el estilo de cita que necesites: APA, MLA, Harvard, Vancouver, Chicago, etc.
También puede descargar el texto completo de la publicación académica en formato pdf y leer en línea su resumen siempre que esté disponible en los metadatos.
Explore tesis sobre una amplia variedad de disciplinas y organice su bibliografía correctamente.
Tessier, Lorraine. "Greffage de films organiques par polymérisation radicalaire électro-amorcée en milieu aqueux dispersé". Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066561.
Texto completoMiguel, Vaz Juliana. "Development and characterization of chitosan coatings by plasma-grafting for antibacterial surfaces". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28133.
Texto completoThe risk of bacterial colonization on abiotic surfaces poses important challenges in various fields of science. In this scenario, antibacterial coatings were developed, using a large number of materials. The surface modification of polymeric materials allows to improve surface properties, facilitating the development of optimized materials with biological responses adapted or adaptable to the environment in which they will be implanted. Chitosan is a biopolymer with inherent antimicrobial activity which can be used in a wide variety of health care and industrial applications, making it particularly interesting for the development and application of novel functionalized materials, i.e. antibacterial properties. In this study, different types of chitosan were characterized according to their degree of deacetylation (DDA) and molecular weight (Mw), using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (¹³C NMR) and Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC), among others. The results obtained through these analyses revealed the great importance of the characterization of biopolymers since their properties can vary according to the production methods, which can influence its use as an application. Afterward, the methodology applied for the treatment and modification of surfaces using plasma, for the surface functionalization and grafting of molecules was validated. Initially, PTFE (poly(tetrafluoroethylene)) films were used to verify the efficiency of the proposed methodology for the treatment and surface modification. Three spacer molecules glutaric anhydride (GA), poly (ethylene glycol) bis (carboxymethyl) (PEGb) and poly (ethylene-alt-maleic anhydride) (PA), with different characteristics were used to covalently attach the chitosan coating to the aminated PTFE surfaces. Each step of the surface treatment was verified by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), through changes in chemical composition, by contact angle measurements and by colorimetry. The topographic and roughness changes after grafting were also observed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and profilometry. These results demonstrated that the type of anchors has a greater influence on the coating process than the molecular weight of the different types of chitosan. To verify the antibacterial response of the different types of coatings obtained, tests were initially carried out using Xylella fastidiosa and revealed the potentiality of the substrates covered with chitosan. Tests using pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus were performed confirming the antibacterial behavior of PTFE-plasma-PA-CHIMW samples. These results encouraged the application of this methodology in PET (polyethylene terephthalate) substrate, a polymer widely used in the field of conventional textiles as well as in the production of hospital textiles and biomaterials. Thus, the plasma-grafting methodology developed in this study, for the production of chitosan coatings, can be applied to the production of surfaces where antibacterial activity is desired.
O risco da colonização bacteriana em superfícies abióticas impõe desafios importantes para os diversos campos da ciência. Neste cenário, revestimentos antibacterianos têm sido desenvolvidos, usando um grande número de diferentes materiais. A modificação da superfície de polímeros permite melhorar as suas propriedades, com vistas ao desenvolvimento de materiais com respostas biológicas adaptadas ou adaptáveis ao ambiente onde serão implantados. A quitosana é um biopolímero com atividade antimicrobiana o qual pode ser utilizado numa ampla variedade de aplicações de cuidados de saúde e industriais, tornando-a particularmente interessante para o desenvolvimento e aplicação de novos materiais funcionalizados, ou seja, com propriedades antibacterianas. Neste estudo, diferentes tipos de quitosana foram caracterizadas de acordo com o seu grau de desacetilação (DDA) e massa molar (Mw), através de técnicas como ressonância magnética nuclear (¹³C RMN) e cromatografia de exclusão de tamanho (SEC), entre outras. Os resultados obtidos através dessas análises revelaram a grande importância da caracterização de biopolímeros, uma vez que suas propriedades podem variar de acordo com os métodos de produção, o que pode influenciar no seu uso como aplicação. Em seguida, a metodologia aplicada para o tratamento e modificação de superfícies empregando as técnicas de plasma, para a funcionalização de superfícies e o grafting para a imobilização do recobrimento de quitosana foi validada. Inicialmente, filmes de PTFE (politetrafluoretileno) foram utilizados para verificar a eficácia da metodologia proposta para o tratamento e modificação de superfície. Três moléculas “ancoradoras” com diferentes características anidrido glutárico (GA), poli(etileno glicol) bis(carboximetil) (PEGb) e poli(anidrido etileno-alt-maleico) (PA), foram utilizadas visando ligar covalentemente o recobrimento de quitosana às superfícies de PTFE aminadas. Cada etapa do tratamento da superfície foi verificada por espectroscopia de fotoelétrons de raios-X (XPS), por medições de ângulo de contato e colorimetria sendo evidenciada as mudanças na composição química da superfície e sua molhabilidade. As alterações topográficas e de rugosidade após o grafting também foram observadas por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) e perfilometria. Esses resultados demonstraram que o tipo de molécula ancoradora tem uma influência primária no processo de produção dos recobrimentos seguido pela massa molecular dos diferentes tipos de quitosana. Para verificar a resposta antibacteriana dos diferentes tipos de recobrimentos obtidos, testes foram inicialmente realizados empregando a Xylella fastidiosa e revelaram a potencialidade dos substratos recobertos com quitosana. Assim, testes utilizando bactérias patogênicas como, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa e Staphylococcus aureus foram realizados confirmando o comportamento antibacteriano das amostras PTFE-plasma-PA-CHIMW. Esses resultados encorajaram a aplicação desta metodologia em um substrato de PET (polietileno tereftalato), um polímero muito usado no ramo de têxteis convencionais como também na produção de têxteis hospitalares e biomateriais, demonstrando assim, que a metodologia de plasma-grafting aplicada neste estudo, para a produção de recobrimentos de quitosana, pode ser usada para a produção de superfícies onde a atividade antibacteriana é desejada, ou seja, esses revestimentos podem fornecer uma barreira adicional e complementar à transmissão de patógenos, enquanto podem atuar combinados com procedimentos normais de limpeza e desinfecção.
Tessier, Lorraine. "GREFFAGE DE FILMS ORGANIQUES PAR POLYMERISATION RADICALAIRE ÉLECTRO-AMORCEE EN MILIEU AQUEUX DISPERSE". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00462948.
Texto completoBelabed, Siham. "Le greffage de cyclodextrines modifiées par traitement Corona sur matériaux cellulosiques". Thesis, Nancy 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NAN10122/document.
Texto completoTextiles are omnipresent in our everyday life. Research in this area tends to elaborate more sophisticated or "clever" materials i.e. confer new properties by means of innovative protocols. Among the available protocols, we can propose the grafting of microcapsules or host molecules able to guest an active substance which can be evolved. In our study, we synthesized original cyclodextrins bearing functional groups that allow their grafting on activated cotton fabrics. These entities maintain their inclusion ability. For activation purpose, we chose an "ecofriend" technology which does not require solvents, the corona discharge treatment (CDT). We evidenced that formation of free radicals, oxidation, and increase of roughness occur at the surface of cellulose during treatment. By carrying out experiments based on chemical activation, we concluded that free radicals are implied in grafting mechanism of allyl molecules and especially tetradecakis-(2,6-di-O-allyl)-β-cyclodextrin. Analysis by gravimetry, X ray photoelectron spectroscopy, thermogravimetry and scanning electon microscopy give the proof that grafting was effective. The inclusion ability of the modified β-cyclodextrins after grafting was studied with the dye extinction method determined by inclusion of phenolphthalein
Vergnat, Virginie. "Matériaux hybrides organiques-inorganiques par greffage covalent de polymères sur des oxydes métalliques". Strasbourg, 2011. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2011/VERGNAT_Virginie_2011.pdf.
Texto completoThe objective of this thesis was to elaborate well defined polymer/metal oxide hybrid materials and to study their physical properties. These materials were prepared by the “grafting from” method, which consists in a first step to covalently graft a polymerization-initiator molecule onto the surface of the nanoparticles. In a second step, polymerization was performed from the initiator anchored on the surface of the nanoparticles. Firstly, we presented the metal oxide nanoparticles used for the preparation of hybrid materials: cobalt ferrite synthesized by coprecipitation, non-aggregated iron oxide synthesized by thermal decomposition, titanium dioxide and hematite commercially available. We focused particularly on the large-scale synthesis of non-aggregated iron oxide nanoparticles and on the evolution of the reaction medium during the synthesis, which allowed us to specify the role of each step in the process of thermal decomposition. Then, we presented the grafting of polymerization-initiator molecules onto the surface of the metal oxides. The polymerization-initiator molecules are composed of an active tertiary bromide and a phosphonic acid end group. After that, we studied the atom transfer radical polymerization of different monomers (styrene, methyl methacrylate) on the functionalized nanoparticles and several hypotheses were proposed to explain the low initiator efficiency when the polymerization is performed at the nanoparticles surfaces. Then the morphology of the hybrid materials was presented. Finally, we studied mechanical properties (by nanoindentation or nanoscratch) of the obtained hybrid materials, as well as rheological, thermal and magnetic properties
Lorne, Thomas. "Contribution of inelastic neutron scattering to the characterization of the grafting of fluorophores onto double-walled carbon nanotubes". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30363/document.
Texto completoFacing the growing use of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in state-of-the-art applications, the question of their potential impact on health and environment became a central one. In order to evaluate the risks related to living being exposure to those nanoparticles, several toxicity studies have been performed aiming at knowing the exact location of the CNTs accumulating inside organisms or cells. A very common way to track them in such conditions is to functionalize the CNTs with fluorescent molecules which would be highlighted afterwards under a light with appropriate exciting wavelength. Despite the fact that these fluorescence techniques are very cheap and easy to operate, they suffer from a major drawback: they assumes that the fluorescent molecule is permanently linked to the CNTs. It is however reasonable to question this assumption as the fluorescent molecules are usually constituted by one or more 6-carbon rings that can easily also simply adsorb on the surface of the CNTs. This non-covalent binding could lead to the desorption of the fluorophore once the CNTs reach the complex chemical environment of a living cell or organism. Therefore, the fluorescence data could lead to wrong information about the CNTs location. Therefore, it is fundamental to understand the grafting mechanisms in order to estimate the efficiency of the covalent functionalization of the CNTs as well as the amount of simply adsorbed fluorophores. Of course, the impact of such a question clearly exceeds the field of the health and the environment, because the functionalization of CNTs is a key for their application is Materials Science in general. In order to answer to these questions, we chose to study the functionalization of Double-Walled carbon Nanotubes (DWNTs) with two different fluorophores, the Fluorescein Isothiocyanate (FITC) and the STREPTOcyanine 5Me(Net2)2. We used a three-step functionalization process to graft the fluorophores on highly-purified oxidized DWNTs. Finally, both the surface and the bulk of the sample have been investigated using two different spectroscopic techniques, the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and the inelastic neutron scattering spectroscopy (INS). In addition to neutron techniques we also used computational techniques such as Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations for a better analysis of our results. The results obtained by means of this two powerful techniques highlighted that, although the fluorescent markers is always considered to be strongly bonded onto carbon nanotubes when using a covalent strategy, a non-negligible part may in fact be only adsorbed, even after thorough washings in appropriate solvents. This is likely, in the particular field of toxicology, to lead to a release of the fluorescent marker at some point along the journey of the nanoparticle throughout the cells or the whole organism, and thus to partially wrong conclusions in terms of their fate in terms of biodistribution, accumulation or excretion
Lafarge, Jérôme. "Greffage de copolymères antibactériens sur des surfaces PVC par chimie Click". Phd thesis, INSA de Rouen, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00840218.
Texto completoCuoq, Fabrice. "Fonctionnalisation d’un nouveau matériau pour le traitement de l’eau potable par floculation lestée". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4337.
Texto completoThe purpose of this project was to improve a clarification process developed by VEOLIA Environment: The Actiflo®. The Actfilo® is based on adding microsand in the flocculation stage in order to increase the speed of sedimentation. However, a significant amount of polymeric flocculant is continuously added to the process, and residuals can be found in the decanted water. Our work was to graft a polymeric flocculant onto microsand in order to recycle the full hybrid material through hydrocycloning. Functionalization by "Grafting Onto" was based on grafting a commercial polymer onto microsand whereas “Grafting From” was based on surface-initiated polymerization. Flocculation properties of functionalized microsands were then tested in conventional coagulation/flocculation tests where the effectiveness of the two grafting methods was compared. Cationic functionalized sands, obtained by “Grafting From”, exhibit the best properties as a decrease of Dissolved Organic Carbon of 25% was reached whereas a decrease of 15% was reached by adding free polymer or adding sands from the “Grafting Onto” method. However final turbidity value was always slightly lower for the flocculation that occured when free polymer was added (- 0,5 NTU). Finally, regeneration processes to recycle the functionalized sands were established. The most effective of them being a treatment with Oxalic Acid. This treatment allowed us to regenerate flocculating properties of functionalized sands twice
Hjezi, Zahi. "Biocéramiques phosphocalciques fonctionnalisées : étude de la silanisation de surface". Thesis, Limoges, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIMO0117/document.
Texto completoCalcium phosphate hydroxyapatite (HA) is widely used as bone substitute. Its chemical composition is close to the mineral part of bone which induces osteoconductive ceramics. Silicated hydroxyapatites (SiHA) are being studied. The incorporation of silicon in the hydroxyapatite structure would increase the bioactivity of the implant. However, these substitutes are not osteoinductive. They do not have the ability to induce bone formation which limits their use in reparative surgery. In order to obtain osteoinductive ceramics, it is possible to functionalize their surface by biologically active molecules via organosilanes. The present work studies the influence of silicon incorporation in the hydroxyapatite structure and the functionality (i.e. number of hydrolysable groups) of amino-ethoxy-silanes on the grafting mode and the quantity of molecules at the substrates surface. HA and SiHA silanised ceramics have been produced and characterized by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis coupled with mass spectrometry. The results confirmed the covalent grafting whatever the nature of the substrate and the functionality of the organosilane might be. The grafted amount increases with the functionality of organosilane. Moreover, the presence of silicon within the substrate promotes the number of ethoxyl chains involved in the heterocondensation reaction and decreases the grafted amount of organosilanes. The organosilanes are not homogeneously distributed on the surface but without formation of a layer covering the entire surface
Thiriet, Maud. "Nanobâtonnets de NaYF4 à upconversion : synthèse, dispersion colloïdale et propriétés électro-optiques". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLX071/document.
Texto completoFluorides nanoparticles doped with lanthanides have seen an increase in interest the last years. They offer outstanding optical properties with a very attractive upconversion for multiple applications from photovoltaics to medical imaging. In this work, we use NaYF4 nanorods doped with Yb/Er/Gd and optimized emission properties. Their alignment by an electric field allows us to access their anisotropic physical properties like polarized luminescence and birefringence.Nanocrystals are synthesized by a hydrothermal route, at high temperature (200 °C) and high pressure (20 bar). Morphology and crystalline structure can be controlled by varying gadolinium doping and heating conditions. At the end of the synthesis, the aggregation of the particles limits their dispersion in all common organic solvents. A particular functionalization with ligands having carboxylate or phosphonate functions is shown to be necessary. The grafting of particles with ions like citrate or alendronate allows to obtain very stable colloidal suspensions in DMSO. Furthermore, the reactivity of the amine function carried by alendronate enables us to graft a second active dye like rhodamine B or a cyanobiphenyl liquid crystal with a carboxylic group. New organo-mineral materials can be produced with this functionalization. The electro-optical response of colloidal suspensions submitted to a high-frequency electric field follows the Kerr law, with a quadratic relation between induced birefringence and the amplitude of the applied field. The system exhibits Kerr constants of the order of 108 m/V2, in agreement with the literature. The birefringence is induced by the anisotropic crystalline structure of the colloid, not by its shape. The mechanism of reorientation of colloids under an electric field is widely dominated by the polarization of their ionic cloud. A polarized luminescence is finally described, which will allow the use of NaYF4 nanorods as orientation probes in biological systems or fluid flows
Paquet, Olivier. "Modification de la surface de la cellulose par les organosilanes". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01017164.
Texto completoPizzoccaro, Marie-Alix. "Confinement et greffage de liquides ioniques dans des membranes céramiques mésoporeuses pour le transport sélectif du CO2". Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTS007/document.
Texto completoIn competition with amines, ionic liquids (ILs) are known to interact strongly and reversibly with acid gases, making supported IL-membrane (SILMs) versatile materials for use in CO2 membrane separation applications. It is possible to finely tune SILMs properties for CO2 adsorption/separation by tailoring the characteristics of both the support (e.g., porosity, surface area, composition, etc.) and the ionic liquid (cations and anions). Up to now, nanoporous polymer supports have been favored for preparing SILMs, in spite of their relative instability during continuous separation processes in the presence of acidic gases. Recently, porous ceramic supports have been considered due to their excellent thermal and mechanical resistance. Most of the SILMs are prepared by impregnation/infiltration of IL in the pores of ceramic support which leads to the formation of composite membrane materials with either a physisorbed or mechanically trapped IL in the support. Despite their promising performance, such SILMs exhibit inherent limitations such as facile IL disarrangement, heterogeneous distribution, and limited stability upon ageing.In this Ph.D work, carried out in collaboration between the Institut Européen des Membranes (IEM) and the Institut Charles Gerhardt de Montpellier (ICGM), a new generation of SILMs has been developed in which ILs are confined within the pores of a mesoporous ceramic support by chemical grafting. The membranes are prepared in three steps:i) Synthesis and characterization of new ILs bearing a coupling function which allow the grafting on the surface of ceramic oxide supports and determination of the CO2 absorption capacity of the new ILs developed;ii) Elaboration and/or optimization of relevant synthesis protocols for grafting ILs on/in γ-alumina powders and physico-chemical characterizations of the hybrid materials;iii) Transfer of the optimized grafting protocols on commercial porous ceramic support with γ-alumina top-layer to produce Grafted Ionic Liquid Membranes (GILMs) and evaluate their performance for CO2 separation.An original research strategy, based on new ionic liquids and innovative membrane concepts have been addressed in this work, illustrating the contribution of a multi-step approach towards the development of membranes for CO2 separation
Bousbia-Salah, Ryad. "Optimisation dynamique en temps-réel d’un procédé de polymérisation par greffage". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0242/document.
Texto completoIn a schematic way, process optimization consists of three basic steps: (i) modeling, in which a (phenomenological) model of the process is developed, (ii) problem formulation, in which the criterion of Performance, constraints and decision variables are defined, (iii) the resolution of the optimal problem, in which the optimal profiles of the decision variables are determined. It is important to emphasize that these optimal profiles guarantee the optimality for the model used. When applied to the process, these profiles are optimal only when the model perfectly describes the behavior of the process, which is very rarely the case in practice. Indeed, uncertainties about model parameters, process disturbances, and structural model errors mean that the optimal profiles of the model-based decision variables will probably not be optimal for the process. The objective of this thesis is to develop a conceptual strategy for using experimental measurements online so that the process not only satisfies the necessary conditions, but also the optimal conditions. This conceptual development will in particular be based on recent advances in deterministic optimization (the stochastic methods will not be dealt with in this work) of processes based on the estimation of the state variables that are not measured by a moving horizon observer. A dynamic real-time optimization (D-RTO) methodology has been developed and applied to a batch reactor where polymer grafting reactions take place. The objective is to determine the on-line reactor temperature profile that minimizes the batch time while meeting terminal constraints on the overall conversion rate and grafting efficiency
Kardous, Faten. "Etude des interactions vibro-acoustiques avec les gouttes Application à un micromélangeur pour le greffage moléculaire". Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01062544.
Texto completoMenanteau, Thibaud. "Contrôle de la fonctionnalisation par réduction des sels de diazonium via le piégeage radicalaire". Thesis, Angers, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ANGE0059/document.
Texto completoThe surface functionalization by diazonium salt reduction is a powerful grafting method. However, despite that this approach allows the preparation of robust materials, it leads to thick and unorganized organic films. In this context, we have developped a method allowing the grafting control in order to obtain films having controlled thickness. Based on the use of radical scavengers, this method gives access to monolayer formations on carbon substrates. The control strategy was then exploited to selectively block the radical grafting mechanism and allows to assess the role of non-radical mechanisms in the process. This study provided a better understanding of the layer growth, highlighting the impact of precursor substituent.This knowledge has been used to elaborate a multifunctional platform monolayer. The establishment of sutructure/properties relathionships revealed better performances for electronic transfert and electrocatalysis. Finally, the control method was transposed to the spontaneous grafting and gives similar results than those obtained for the electrochemical one. This approach was validated by the performance optimization of supercapacitor made of carbon powder
Wang, Na. "Greffage de polymères biomimétiques sur implants articulaires en polyéthylène : contrôle du comportement tribologique". Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00966017.
Texto completoBru, François. "Hydrophobisation de matériaux biosourcés cellulosiques". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2023. https://thares.univ-grenoble-alpes.fr/2023GRALV004.pdf.
Texto completoThis PhD thesis have been made in the frame of a European project, where the objective is to produce a 100% cellulosic food packaging material that would be biobased, biodegradable and recyclable. Microfibrillated cellulose films, have shown interesting barrier properties to grease and oxygen. However, the barrier properties to water and water vapor of such film are very poor because of the hydrophilic nature of cellulose. A process of chemical modification named chromatogeny and used at pilot scale, consists to the deposition, diffusion and grafting of fatty acids at the surface of cellulosic materials to bring them hydrophobic properties. This technology has shown interesting results in the case of porous cellulosic substrates but present some grafting limitations when applied to dense structures such as microfibrillated cellulose film. In this PhD work, the objective was to bring a better understanding about the diffusion and grafting phenome in a dense microfibrillated cellulose film as well as the structure and water barrier property relationship. To do so, a gas phase process established at lab scale and already used for cellulose aerogel grafting have been investigated. In a first step, a new gas phase reactor has been designed in order to have temperature profiles to study the vaporization and condensation phenomena. Then, this process has been used to modify cellulose aerogel, using reagent with different chain length. One goal was to find the process parameters that allow to have a modification restricted to the surface or that modify the core of cellulose aerogel. In a second step, this gas phase process was used to modify microfibrillated cellulose films. Firstly, a structure modification protocol has been determined and has shown the increase of the specific surface area and the porosity of the microfibrillated cellulose film. Then, those structure modified films have been grafted using the gas phase process and different level of grafting have been reached. Different level of hydrophobic properties has also been reached and correlated with the substitution degree. Finally, a theoretical study has investigated the penetration depth of the grafting reagent in the microfibrillated cellulose film thickness. Molecular modeling and a calculation based on the volume expansion of the film are the tools that have been used. Those calculations have shown a very high increase of the thickness linked to the chemical modification with a fatty acid which have been confirmed by the measurements of the thickness of gas phase modified films. Also, a coloration technic was used to show the location of the grafting reagent in the thickness of a modified film
Zidelmal, Nacim. "SILIPOLYSALEN : étude du greffage par polymérisation contrôlée de complexes de salen sur silicium pour une application en catalyse asymétrique hétérogène". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS058.
Texto completoChiral metal complexes of salen type are known for their efficient catalytic activity leading to the preparation of enantioselective enriched synthons. In accordance with the concept of green chemistry, one of the main challenge is to establish a procedure for the recovery and reuse of these catalysts. In this context, the objective of this work is to functionalize the silicon surface by grafting these catalysts by controlled polymerization especially by Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP) to facilitate their recovery and reuse.Thus, styrene copolymers containing 5 to 50 mol % of an disymmetric salen comonomer were synthesized by ATRP in solution. The controlled nature of the polymerizations is obtained only when the incorporation of the salen comonomer is less than or equal to 10%.After complexation with cobalt, these complexes are shown to be capable of effective cooperative activation, leading to the targeted product with high yields and selectivities as catalysts in Hydrolytic Kinetic Resolution (HKR) of epibromohydrin.Constantio Constantini fratre imperatoris, matreque Galla.We also reported the polymerization of styrene on the silicon surface by ATRP after grafting of the initiator. Several methods of initiator grafting have been used either directly from the hydrogenated surface or indirectly from an acid or ester surface. Styrene has been successfully mass polymerized in a controlled manner on silicon with thicknesses of 9-29 nm of the layer obtained by ellipsometry and Atomic Force Microscopy
Laguerre, Albert. "Oligomerisation et fonctionnalisation en serie methacrylique : greffage d'acides alpha amines". Le Mans, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LEMA1017.
Texto completoBelekian, Denis. "Etude du greffage radicalaire de l’anhydride maléique sur le polyéthylène en milieu fondu et en présence de radicaux nitroxyle et/ou d’alcoxyamines". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10104/document.
Texto completoThis work deals with melt grafting of maleic anhydride onto low density polyethylene using radical initiators which are able to abstract hydrogen from the polyolefin backbone. The use of a nitroxide radical as a termination reagent in presence of peroxide allowed to prevent the polyethylene crosslinking during the maleic anhydride grafting. Indeed, the polyethylene crosslinking is the main side reaction but the elimination of a small proportion of the reagents (monomer and nitroxide radical) through other side reactions seems to be unavoidable. The peroxide substitution by an alcoxyamine leaded to a higher grafted maleic anhydride rate for the same polyethylene rheological modification. Nevertheless, the thermal decomposition mechanism of the alcoxyamine which makes the grafting reaction possible is still uncertain
Breuillac, Antoine. "Elastomères recyclables et transformables reposant sur le concept des vitrimères". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLET061.
Texto completoRubbers are usually cross-linked through static covalent bonds. Consequently, they cannot be reshaped after their synthesis. With the aim to extend the shelf life of elastomers, dynamic covalent chemistry was used to cross-link elastomers and develop recyclable rubbers. Thanks to the associative exchange reaction between boronic ester cross-links, incorporated into polybutadiene via thiol-ene chemistry, this elastomer was transformed into a vitrimer. The comparison with static networks showed the ability of the vitrimer to be recycled efficiently without detecting any side reactions during the synthesis nor the recycling process. As the exchange between dioxaborolanes is already occurring at room temperature, the polybutadiene vitrimer crept at service temperature. To avoid creep, dual networks, with both static and dynamic cross-links, were synthesised but their recyclability was decreased as compared to vitrimers. Aiming to slow down the exchange at room temperature while keeping its high rate at high temperatures, a new exchange reaction between dioxaborinanes was studied. Key parameters such as the rate constant and the activation energy were measured. Dioxaborinane based cross-links were incorporated into polybutadienes. In order to widen the range of recyclables elastomers, another grafting chemistry was tested, the nitrene chemistry. New molecules, bearing an azide and a boronic ester were synthesized and then introduced into polyisoprene
Vialon, Thomas. "Reactive processing of polymeric materials : application to the upcycling of polyolefin blends". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPSLS050.
Texto completoThe global production of plastics has doubled in the past 20 years reaching 391 million tons in 2021, but only 8.3 % originated from post-consumer recycling streams. The sustainability and the circularity of the current plastic industry are hampered by several challenges such as the availability of curbside collection and recycling units, the difficulty of sorting polymers by nature, and the presence of additives and contaminants. In particular, polyolefins represent more than half of the annual polymer production, but it is difficult to separate post-consumer polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP). PE and PP are incompatible and their joint processing in the melt results in low-value materials with poor mechanical properties. In this PhD, we developed azido-triazine additives that enable the upcycling of polyolefin blends into high-performance materials by reactive extrusion under industrially-relevant processing conditions. After a selection among a library of azido-triazines, the grafting of the most promising additive onto model polymer matrices was studied at the (macro)molecular scale using various techniques. Both grafting on the polymer chains by C-H insertion and oligomerization of the nitrene by N-N bond formation were observed. These results were applied to the reactive extrusion of commercial polymers, including PE, and the formation of a network was triggered by phase separation of the additive in the polymer matrix. The resulting crosslinked materials could be reprocessed, which highlighted the thermo-mechanical reversibility of the N-N bonds constituting the network. Reactive processing of PE-PP blends gave similar results, thanks to the versatile reactivity of the additive. In addition, incorporation of the two components into the insoluble fraction suggested compatibilization and reinforcement of the interface, associated with significantly improved tensile ductility. Finally, industrially-relevant challenges were tackled, with successful mechanical recycling of polyolefin networks without loss of properties, and efficient implementation of the solution to household plastic waste
Al, Cheikh Joumada. "Étude électrochimique de complexes moléculaires à base de métaux de transition non-précieux pour applications énergétiques". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS038/document.
Texto completoElectrochemistry is becoming a major field in new energy storage and conversion technologies. Nowadays, the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is a reaction of great societal interest, which is at the heart of new technologies enabling the development of systems for the conversion of energy. However, some issues related to the use of noble metals (platinum, in particular) as catalysts have not been solved yet. This thesis is part of the scientific approach of the Research and Innovation in Electrochemistry for Energy (ERIEE) research group which has been interested for several years in the substitution of these noble metals by the use of transition metal based electro-catalysts. These molecules consist of organic compounds containing transition metals as an electro-active center for application in industrial electrolysers. This thesis focuses on the study of a family of molecular complexes based on transition metals (Co or Fe), the so-called clathrochelates, characterized by different chemical structures. The choice of the ligands constituting these complexes as well as the study of their functionalization processes on ad hoc substrates, constitute key elements in the apprehension of the resulting electro-catalytic performances.These electro-catalysts were studied both in solution (homogeneous phase) and functionalized at the surface of solid electrodes. Their physico-chemical properties as well as their electrocatalytic turnover for the hydrogen evolution reaction, have been systematically characterized.In particular, scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) allowed for the characterization of the electrocatalytic properties of modified electrodes at the local scale
Veyrat, Alain. "Procédé électrochimique de traitement en continu de fibres de carbone par greffage d'amines ou de groupements aryls substitués". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPL055N.
Texto completoSananes, israel Susan. "Surfaces de silice fonctionnalisées par voie CO2 supercritique : effets du confinement et comportement en solution aqueuse". Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTS137/document.
Texto completoSurface functionalization of silica leads to the synthesis of materials with possible applications in the selective ion extraction. However, organic solvents classically used to functionalize the silica surface have economic and environmental issues. Supercritical carbon dioxide (SC CO2) seems a greener alternative to the use of these organic solvents. The aim of this PhD work is to characterize the SC CO2 functionalization of silica surfaces by alkoxysilanes, to determine the evolution of the grafting in nanometric media and to precise the behavior of the materials in aqueous solution. Different model systems based on silica have been used as grafting supports: plane silica surfaces, parallel and plane surfaces spaced of few nanometers (silica nanochannels) and organised mesoporous silica (SBA-15). In order to determine the impact of the alkoxysilane head groups on the supercritical CO2 functionalization, different alkoxysilanes have been used or prepared: 3-(mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane (MPTMS), 3-[amino(ethylamino)propyl]trimethoxysilane (AEAPTMS) and 3-(iodopropyl)triethoxysilane (IPTES). The results obtained in plane silica surfaces allowed the determination of different morphologies and structures of the grafted layers, depending on the alkoxysilane used. The same morphologies have been found on the grafting of silica nanochannels, with the addition of physisorbed molecules. The transfert of the SC CO2 grafting process SBA-15 silica showed that the process was not strictly transposable. AEAPTMS could not be grafted in mesoporous silicas SBA-15 having a pore size lower than 7,5 nm. MPTMS and IPTES molecules are both grafted on the microporosity and a fraction of mesopores is obtured. Moreover, MPTMS monolayers are grafted at the mesoporous surface. The driving parameters of the polycondensation change depending on the grafted molecule.Besides, the post-functionalization of the iodo groups in phosphonate by the Arbuzov-Michaelis reaction have been effectively performed in plane and in mesoporous silicas. In SBA-15 silica, the post-functionalization leads to materials with higher porosity and with phosphonate groups in the pore wall. The measure of the evolution in aqueous solution show that the material is stable at different pH values and that the solution diffuses in the pore walls. The calculated diffusion coefficients highlight that the functionalization, which obstructed the microporosity, slowed down the diffusion of the aqueous solutions in the silica walls. In the case of basics solutions, the diffusion is probably enhanced by the affinity of the cations with the phosphonate groups. Sorption studies and the effects of γ-irradiations in the grafted materials could be interesting outlooks of this work
Godard, Jérémy. "Synthèse et caractérisation de nouveaux dérivés de phénalénone pour des applications environnementales et antimicrobiennes". Thesis, Limoges, 2020. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/82f127f9-677e-433b-af18-c48fb664739d/blobholder:0/2020LIMO0077.pdf.
Texto completoA photosensitizer is a compound capable of capturing photons of light and transferring this energy to neighboring molecules. In particular, molecular oxygen can absorb this energy to lead to the formation of singlet oxygen, a very reactive oxygen species that can react with a large variety of organic compounds, cellular constituents and environmental pollutants. With a singlet oxygen quantum yield near unity in all of the most common solvents, phenalenone is an excellent photosensitizer which has the advantage of facile synthetic accessibility. However, chemical modification of this molecule drastically impacts the singlet oxygen quantum yield, thus limiting its use. Hence, during this work, we have proposed a series of phenalenone functionalizations with various functional groups like azide, propargyle, carboxylic acid, amine, alcohol and much more, enabling the expansion of its use without any loss of efficacy. In a second part, some of these derivatives were used for new applications of phenalenone. It was grafted on lignocellulosic materials (wood, paper) and siliceous materials (glass, sand). Antifungal properties of grafted wood are currently under study, while some preliminary tests of tebuconazole photodegradation of grafted sand in water gave promising results leaving open the possibility to use this material in water photodepollution. Phenalenone was also linked to one or two stearic acid chains and analysis of these derivatives highlighted their capacity to form supramolecular structures. Lastly, phenalenone was coupled to triazolium salts, and several derivatives have shown excellent photo-inhibition against microbial growth, in particular against Gram positive strains
El, Malti Wassim. "Modification de surface de supports inorganiques par des groupements organiques". Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON20208/document.
Texto completoThe objective of this thesis is the surface modification of two inorganic supports (mesoporous silica nanoparticles, calcium carbonate) by grafting organic molecules (organosilanes and phosphonates derivatives).Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) of MCM-41 type were synthesized by direct micro-emulsion and grafted under mild conditions using isocyanatopropyltrichlorosilane. Then, the reactivity of the isocyanate function was tested by post-modification using several amino nucleophiles. Synthesis, grafting and post-modification steps have been characterized by several physicochemical methods. MSN surface functionalized with a photolabile coupling agent have also been developed and tested under UV irradiation, with a view to prepare nanovalves for photo-controlled drug-delivery.The surface modification of nanoparticles of calcium carbonate (calcite) by phosphonate monolayers was investigated. The reaction conditions were optimized to favor grafting and prevent the dissolution of calcium carbonate leading to the precipitation of calcium phosphonate phases. Dense monolayers were obtained with different phosphonic acids in organic and aqueous media. The use of phosphonic esters (diethyl esters) was also explored. The modified nanoparticles were characterized by different techniques (NMR and IR spectroscopy, XRD, elemental analysis, electron microscopy, wettability testing) to identify the nature of the surface species
Poncin-Epaillard, Fabienne. "Etude de la polymerisation induite par plasma froid : interface plasma-polymere, greffage, degradation et modification chimique". Le Mans, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LEMA1028.
Texto completoZhang, Zhen. "Modification de la surface des nanocristaux de cellulose par estérification et polymérisation ATRP pour des applications avancées". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0653/document.
Texto completoIn this thesis, the surface functionalization of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) by esterification and ATRP reactions was envisaged, with the objective to develop novel advanced materials. A convenient method to characterize the polymers grafted on CNC by Si-ATRP has been first developed, based on DLS, DSC and TGA analyses. The efficiency of the SI-ATRP and SI-ARGET ATRP methods to initiate the grating of polystyrene (PS) or poly(4-vinylpyridine) (P4VP) at the CNC surface were then compared. The pH-responsive P4VP-g-CNC nano-hybrids were subsequently utilized to stabilize gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), in view of producing recyclable catalysts. The catalytic activity of the Au@P4VP-g-CNC material – tested with the reduction of 4-nitrophenol – was significantly improved compared with single AuNPs. UV-responsive poly(cinnamoyloxy ethyl methacrylate) (PCEM) polymers were also grafted on CNC, to produce particles with UV absorbing properties. The PCEM-g-CNC nano-hybrids obtained turned out to be efficient UV/thermal stabilizers and reinforcing agents in PVC films. Finally, a facile method to prepare colloidosomes from w/o inverse Pickering emulsions stabilized by cinnamate-modified CNC was proposed. Colloidosomes with robust shells and allowing the slow release of encapsulated molecules such as rhodamine B or fluorescent deoxyribonucleic acid were then obtained
Salhi, Samira. "Porphyrines greffées à des chaînes polymères : synthèses et caractérisations par spectroscopie laser". Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993DENS0014.
Texto completoTran, Thi Nguyet. "Bio-based elastomeric composites for antibacterial and antifouling applications : methodology for the synthesis and grafting of functionalized oligomers issued from natural rubber". Thesis, Le Mans, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LEMA1024/document.
Texto completoThis manuscript presents the synthesis of new elastomeric materials based on natural rubber derived building blocks and organic monomers having antifouling and/or antibacterial properties, covalently bound to the polymer network. Original acrylate monomers bearing an organic bioactive moiety (a Guanidinium group or Zosteric acid derivates) were synthesized and co-polymerized with telechelic acrylate oligomers from polyisoprene. No significant leaching of the bioactive monomers occurred and the material resisted to long water immersions. Freestanding films prepared from acrylate oligoisoprenes also showed a weak antibiofouling activity which was drastically increased by integrating the guanidinium and the Zosteric acid monomers. The coatings were active against several strains of pathogenic bacteria among which Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus epidermidis. In order to covalently graft oligoisoprenes to surfaces, new bifunctional oligoisoprenes bearing an alkoxy-silane end moiety were designed and coupled with silicon-containing materials. An alternative approach was followed by prefunctionalizing the surface with amino groups and by covalently grafting oligomers with carbonyl chain-ends. Post-polymerization from the surface free chain-ends resulted in a thick oligoisoprene coating with strong resistance to solvent immersion (water, THF). In this way, we were able to build dense and tethered molecular layers, thin films and thick coatings
Wang, Yun. "Catalyseurs d'oxydation en conditions de chimie verte : métaux non toxiques, eau oxygénée, transformation de la biomasse, recyclage par greffage". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30241.
Texto completoIn order to develop a chemistry more respectful of the environment, access to sustainable processes is mandatory. More specifically, in the field of oxidation chemistry, use of toxic oxidants has to be banished, use of solvents limited and reusable catalysts developed. In this context, two types of greener approaches have been explored. The first approach concerns removal or replacement of acetic acid, an additive - in association with H2O2, favoring exclusive formation of epoxides with Mn and Fe metal complexes as catalysts. For this objective, two strategies have been explored. The first one consists in introducing fluoroalcohol functions in the second coordination sphere of metal complexes with pyridinophane-based ligand to easily activate H2O2. Those complexes did not enhance the catalytic activity for cyclooctene oxidation reactions in comparison to analogous Mn(II) and Fe(III) complexes with unmodified ligands. However, Ni(II) and Co(II) metal complexes with unmodified ligands display interesting catalytic activity for H2 photoproduction. The second strategy aimed to replace acetic acid. Using silica beads functionalized with COOH pendant arms (SiO2@COOH) as additive and H2O2 as oxidant, catalytic epoxidation reactions catalyzed by Mn(II) and Fe(III) metal complexes with BPMEN ligand displayed significant selectivity towards epoxide. The second approach concerns organic-solvent free (ep)oxidation processes with catalysts based on polyoxometalates (POMs). Catalysts SiO2@PMo and SiO2@PW, respectively obtained by ionic grafting of H3PMo12O40 or H3PW12O40 on silica beads functionalized with NH2 pending functions (SiO2@NH2), have been fully characterized. With low catalyst loading, both catalysts displayed efficient oxidation activity and better selectivity than the free POMs. Moreover, recovered beads gave similar conversion and selectivity after two recycling processes
Godet-Bar, Thibault. "Synthèse et étude physico-chimique de nouveaux matériaux organiques d'électrode positive à base de phénothiazine pour les applications dans les accumulateurs au lithium". Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENI022.
Texto completoThe aim of this work is to develop phenothiazine-based redox organic materials for lithium positive electrode. Comparatively to inorganic materials, organic ones can constitute clear break by decreasing the cost, toxicity and security issues while keeping good performances. In that purpose, redox materials involving phenothiazine moieties have been synthesized, characterized, then, their electrochemical properties have been analyzed electrochemically, the most promising ones have been tested in lithium and sodium cells. The redox target chosen, the phenothiazine, has been polymerized and functionalized onto phosphazene backbone. Cell tests showed material dissolution contribution has to be avoided. In this context, insoluble polyphenothiazine and cross-linkable copolymers were able to upgrade significantly the cyclability and the energetic performances of lithium cells. Moreover, sodium cells with a poor lipophilic anion showed lower dissolution contribution. Carbon grafting by phenothiazine has also been investigated. It has been performed by electrochemical and chemical means and has led to promising electrochemical performances
Popoff, Nicolas. "Préparation et caractérisation de complexes du groupe IV supportés sur silice et silice mono-fonctionnalisée : catalyseurs pour la polymérisation des oléfines". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO10229.
Texto completoThis work deals with the preparation and characterization of new, neutral or cationic group IV complexes, supported on silica or mono-functionalized silica, for alpha-olefins polymerization. In a first part, a new preparation for an olefin polymerization catalyst based on TiCl4, was proposed. Grafting on silica dehydroxylated at 200 and 700°C (SiO2-200 and SiO2-700) yielded the unique species [≡SiO-TiCl3] which, upon activation by Mashima’s reductant, led to a neutral active polymerization catalyst, following an oxidative coupling mechanism, and reaching an activity of 260 kgPE.molTi -1.h-1. Similarly, neutral catalysts acting along the same mechanistic pathways, were developed by grafting M(CH2Ph)4 (M=Ti, Zr) to yield the well defined species [(≡SiO)2M(CH2Ph)2] and [≡SiO-M(CH2Ph)3] on SiO2- 200 and SiO2-700 respectively. The ensuing activation by B(C6F5)3 in order to yield cationic species, did not increase the activity considerably.In the second part of this work, a new material was prepared in order to introduce of a phenoxy spacer between the surface and the complex. Reaction of AliBu3 with SiO2-700 yielded the unique species [(≡SiO)2AliBu.(Et2O)] which was then reacted with hydroquinone. The tetrabenzyl Ti and Zr complexes were successfully grafted on this support. These species were then activated by B(C6F5)3 and a notable increase in the resulting polymerization activities were observed. This methodology was extended to 100\% enriched complexes (C5Me5)Zr(13CH3)3 following three approaches. Either direct grafting on this new material, followed by B(C6F5)3 activation, or by reaction with the support, previously altered by HB(C6F5)2 or [B(C6F5)3][NEt2Ph]. Either way, the active cationic active species obtained presents a covalent Zr-O bond with the surface, with the associated counter-ion [MeB(C6F5)3]- with a maximum activity of 510 kgPE.molZr-1.h-1, higher than its the silica counterpart
Yrieix, Marie. "Impact du couplage charges / matrice sur les propriétés rhéologiques de nanocomposites silice / élastomère : application aux défauts volumiques d’extrusion". Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSES035/document.
Texto completoThe structure and rheological properties of elastomer (BR or SBR)/silica nanocomposites were studied in this work in order to understand the causes of volume defects observed during blends extrusion. Simplified model blends were prepared in laboratory internal mixer and mainly studied in this work. Nanocomposites structure was characterized by bound rubber measurements, NMR analysis and microscopic observations (SEM or TEM). These last observations have highlighted the existence of similar microstructures for BR blends in the range of studied mixing temperature and speeds. At first sight, the absence of difference in the fillers distribution or dispersion suggests that silica/rubber interactions have main impact on rheological properties. NMR analysis allowed the determination of silane grafting rate. TESPT silane was incorporated in blends to couple fillers to elastomer chains. It has been observed that the mixing temperature increase promotes the grafting of the silane. NMR analysis also demonstrated the presence of pre-crosslinking reactions. Grafting rates were then connected to the mixing conditions, through the establishment of a law correlating the silane/BR grafting rate to a time-temperature equivalence parameter. This parameter is representative of the thermal history undergone by the blend during its preparation. Blend structure was correlated to rheological properties characterized by dynamical rheology, creep and elongation measurements. Relaxation times or strain hardening index "SHI", determined thanks to these measurements, increase with the growth of grafting rate. These evolutions have also highlighted the impact of the mixing speed on rheological properties. The increase of mixing speed tends to reduce the shear thickening. Therefore, a competition between the grafting reactions and breaking phenomena occurs during blending. Grafting and breaking phenomena respectively induce growth or reduction of the size of connected aggregates clusters. The latter are responsible of the increase in the strain hardening. A model accounting for this competition has been proposed to estimate the evolution of SHI as a function of grafting and mixing speed. Finally, rheological properties were compared to volume defects characterized by profilometry. This comparison showed the existence of unique laws correlating these rheological descriptors to the intensity of volume instabilities
Akbar, Sohaib. "Greffage radicalaire de polyoléfines sur les nanotubes de carbone multi-parois : l'étude modèle et l'application pour la fabrication de composites PE et PP". Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00704446.
Texto completoBerkous, Rabiaa. "Greffage de modèles du NADH sur deux nouveaux supports insolubles. Synthèse et réactivité d'un modèle du NADH en série indolo (2,3-b)-pyridine : réduction de substrats non activés". Rouen, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ROUES042.
Texto completoBuron, Charlotte. "Développement de nouveaux catalyseurs d’oxydation bioinspirés : greffage de complexes de fer(II) non hémiques sur électrodes d’or ou dans la β-lactoglobuline". Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA112148/document.
Texto completoAccording to sustainable development it is necessary to adapt chemical reactions to ecologic constraints. Oxidation reactions are useful transformations. Nevertheless, reaction conditions used are frequently harsh, with oxidants used in stoichiometric amount (often harmful or toxic), and lead to products formation with low selectivity. Biological systems such as metalloenzymes, are able to perform small organic molecule oxidation following O₂ activation. These reactions are achieved in physiological conditions, and with a high selectivity. Deciphering the reaction mechanism of these biological catalysts has stimulated the development of synthetic analogues such as non heme iron(II) complexes bearing amine/pyridine ligands. Reaction of these Fe(II) precursors with H₂O₂ or a single oxygen atom leads to formation of Fe(III)-OOH, Fe(III)-(O₂) and Fe(IV)=O, identified as potent oxidizing species in biological systems such as cytochromes P450. In this work, ligands were functionalized to graft iron(II) complexes on gold surface or in the β-lactoglobuline protein in order to use O₂ as oxidant or to improve yields and selectivity, respectively. Complexes grafted on gold surface were characterized by cyclic voltammetry, AFM and XPS. It has been demonstrated that it is possible to exchange exogenous ligands of the iron complex grafted on gold electrode. Preliminar reactivity tests using this grafted complex and O₂ were performed. A new artificial metalloenzyme was synthesized by covalent grafting of a functionalized iron(II) complex on β-lactoglobuline. The system was characterized, and a new method of iron(II) titration in the protein was devised. Using hydrogen peroxide, an Fe(III)-(η²-O₂) intermediate was generated and indentified in the biohybrid system, and catalytic thioanisole oxidation was observed. Interestingly, the sulfoxide product formation was shown to be enantioselective under these conditions
Biver, Emeric. "Etude et mise en oeuvre des procédés lasers pour le développement de la microélectronique 3D-System in Package". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4025/document.
Texto completo3D-System in package (3D-SiP) is a branch of microelectronics that aims at integrating several heterogeneous components into the same package, thus forming a compact device able to communicate and process data. The goal of this thesis is to study two laser processes to build 3D-SiP microsystems on flexible substrates. In a first part, we study the laser ablation of cavities in polymer in which microchips can be inserted. We use poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) doped and grafted with pyrene, a chromophore which absorbs in the UV range. We show that grafting the pyrene on the polymer side-chains increases the homogeneity but that the quality of ablation is sufficient when the pyrene is simply dispersed in the matrix. We also modify the PMMA with N3 to make it cross-linkable and we observe the formation of laser-induced periodic surface structures upon laser irradiation. We discuss the mechanism most likely to explain their formation. On a second part, we use the LIFT (laser-induced forward transfer) technique, which uses a laser pulse to print a material deposited on a transparent donnor substrate. Using a silver nanoparticles ink, we deposit droplets that coalesce and form lines. We study the ejection and printing at high speed (0,5 MHz) and we visualize for the first time the ejection of several succesive jets. We show that it is possible to print electrical connections at 4.3 m/s and we discuss the criteria to control the process
Pinaeva, Uliana. "Functionalized track-etched PVDF membrane-electrodes for toxic metal determination in water". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLX048.
Texto completoPresent work reports on radiation grafting of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), poly(4-vinyl pyridine) (P4VP) and bis[2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl] phosphate (B2MP) functional polymers inside nanoporous structure of track-etched poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) membranes for selective pre-concentration of Pb(II), Hg(II) and U(VI) from aqueous solutions. Track-etched PVDF membranes were made by means of swift heavy ion (SHI) irradiation followed by ion track revealing. The resulting nanoporous PVDF membranes were then functionalized through remained radicals at the nanopore walls. EPR spectroscopy was used to examine the amount and reactivity of the trapped radicals, notably towards a novel functionality inside the etched tracks, namely B2MP. It was found that these radicals, alkyl and peroxy ones, were sufficient to initiate free-radical polymerization in presence of the three studied vinyl monomers. FESEM, FTIR and a less conventional zeta-potential measurements were utilized for examination of functional group presence. In case of P4VP grafting, the measured nanopore surface charge versus pH demonstrated uniform and relatively dense grafting all along the nanopore channels. As the objective of this work is to develop innovative electrochemical sensors for toxic metal determination in water, adsorption experiments were performed confirming that efficient uptakes of the grafted track-etched PVDF membranes are due to the presence of functional groups that facilitate coordination reactions from pure inherent to PAA electrostatic interaction to chelating complexation with P4VP and B2MP complexation in between. The moderate interaction effect in case of U(VI) adsorption by B2MP is due to the co-existence of ion-exchange and chelating groups in B2MP. For electrochemical sensoring, membranes functionalized with abovementioned chelate polymers were converted into electrodes. The pre-concentration of toxic metal adsorbed inside the nanoporosity permit to below stripping voltammetry sensitivity limits to sub-ppb (μg/L) level. Time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) measurements accompanied with XPS were performed on uranyl adsorbed B2MP-g-PVDF membranes in order to understand deeper the U(VI)-B2MP coordination mechanism
Mathey, Laurent. "Placement déterministe de dopants pour dispositifs ultimes". Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00908954.
Texto completoDecroix, Camille. "Développement d'un matériau à base d'acétate de cellulose par plastification réactive en extrusion". Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSES064.
Texto completoCellulose acetate (CA) is a bio-sourced polymer available on an industrial scale. Plasticizers are commonly used to help transformation in the molten state of CA. However, over time, the migration out of the polymer matrix is observed. This will limit the use of cellulose acetate for applications such as agri-food and cosmetics. The objective of this thesis is to functionalize cellulose acetate in the melt state by reactive extrusion. Molecules that can act as external plasticizers, and react with different functions present on the polymer chain, have been selected. In a first step, the behaviour of polymer/plasticizer systems were studied and compared to usual blends with triacetin. The reactions between these plasticizers and hydroxyl or acetyl functions have been analyzed at different temperatures and with different catalysts using model reactions. This led to the development of a new material, cellulose acetate octanoate, with interesting thermal and mechanical properties
Gu, Yingying. "Membranes polymères fonctionnalisées par des poly(liquide ionique)s et des nanoparticules de palladium : applications au captage de CO2 et aux membranes catalytiques". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30157/document.
Texto completoPolymeric support membranes were modified via photo-grafting by poly(ionic liquid)s (polyILs), featuring in the capability to separate CO2 from other gases and to stabilize metallic nanoparticles (MNPs). For CO2 capture, a thin polyIL-IL gel layer was homogenously coated on support hollow fibers. The composite fibers show high CO2 permeance and reasonable CO2/N2 selectivity. For the catalytic membrane, palladium NPs were generated inside a grafted polyLI layer. Compared to colloidal palladium system in a batch reactor, the catalytic membrane, as a contactor membrane reactor, is more efficient in terms of reaction time (ca. 2000 times faster), selectivity and MNP retainability. Theoretical study on reactor modeling, concentration & temperature profiles, and production capacity was done for an overall understanding of the catalytic membrane
Hemery, Gauvin. "Synthesis of magnetic and thermosensitive iron oxide based nanoparticles for biomedical applications". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0729/document.
Texto completoThis thesis reports the development of hybrid nanoparticles made of an inorganic iron oxide core and an organic shell for medical applications. Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) were produced by the polyol pathway, leading to a good control over their crystallinity and morphology (monocore or multicore). IONPs with diameters in the range of 4 to 37 nm were produced. Their properties as MRI contrast agents were assessed and compared, for possible theranostic applications. They can be used for treating cancer by magnetic hyperthermia, and as contrast agents for MR imaging. The surface of the IONPs was modified to bring stability in biological conditions, as well as new functionalities. Poly(ethylene glycol) was grafted for its stealth property, poly(2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA) and elastin-like polypeptides (ELPs) for their thermosensitive capabilities, and a DY700 fluorescent probe was grafted for tracking nanoparticles in vitro and in vivo. The magnetic and thermosensitive properties of the nanoparticles were studied using a unique set-up combining magnetic hyperthermia with dynamic-light scattering. This set-up allowed measuring the elevations of temperature of the samples as well as variations in diameter and backscattered intensity. Monocore and multicore IONPs grafted with PEG, and monore IONPs grafted with a diblock ELP were tested in vitro. Their interactions with glioblastoma cells were studied, from the internalization pathway inside the cells to their cytotoxic effect (up to 90 %) under magnetic hyperthermia. In vivo, nanoparticles intravenously injected in mice accumulated in the tumors. Intratumoral administration followed by magnetic hyperthermia treatment led to elevations of temperature of up to 10 °C, with a significant effect on the tumor activity
Borgeot, Melanie. "Amélioration des propriétés tribologiques d'aciers inoxydables par un lubrifiant "vert" nommé AFULudine en vue de leur mise en forme". Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCD038.
Texto completoDuring forming processes, bulk properties of material are not the only guarantee in a process achievement. Surfacicalaspects, mainly coupled with tribological properties of bodies in contact (metal sheet, lubricant, tool) prove to be alsosignificant. It is therefore necessary to control and optimize the contact conditions during a sheet/tool sliding in order toguarantee the success of a forming process.The present work concerns a green lubricant solution characterization, named AFULudine, produced by thefunctionalization of the metallic surface with organic molecules. This solution was developed in substitution to the usualmineral oils, effective in stainless steel stamping but deterious for environment.Physicochemical surface characterization (IR, electrochemistry, SEM) show that the grafting of chemisorbed molecules ontothe surface occures in few seconds. This layer is covered by physisorbed and crystallised species which appear during thesolvent evaporation time. Morphological analyses of these crystals show that both density and structure determine thetribological behavior of the functionalized surface.Sheets tribological behavior (stainless steel ferritic grade, 1.4509 - K41) after treatment, has been investigated thanks to astrip drawing tribometer, allowing to dissociate the influence of various sollicitations conditions (such as contact pressure,tools temperature or plastic deformation of the material) and on an industrial scale with an Erichsen press. Fundamentally,tribo-layerʹs formation and stability have been analysed with the use of a linear micro-tribometer (ball on plane type)coupled with electronic microscopy and EDS analyses
Chevallier, Céline. "Valorisation des polymères styréniques issus des déchets d’équipements électroniques et électriques". Thesis, Saint-Etienne, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STET4015/document.
Texto completoThe aim of this work consists in the recycling of the styrenic polymers coming from waste of electric and electronic equipments. Polystyrene (PS), high impact polystyrene (HIPS), poly(acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene) (ABS), its alloy with the polycarbonate (ABS/PC) and poly(styrene-acrylonitrile) (SAN) are considered. A preliminary study permits to choose two blends to study: PS/ABS and PS/PC. In the case of PS/ABS blend, the ionic way of compatibilization was studied. The addition of a copolymer containing an ionic structure and the creation of an ionic network in-situ are investigated. Both these attempts are not conclusive about the improvement of the final properties of the blend. The PS/PC blend is then compatibilized by adding a polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene-butylene)-block-polystyrene grafted polycarbonate. This copolymer is first created in an internal mixer, in order to study different catalysts able to initiate the grafting, and then the reactive extrusion is used to synthesize it on a large scale. Several amounts are introduced in the PS/PC blend and the improvement of the properties and microstructures proves its compatibilizing effect
Farhati, Amel. "Fonctionnalisation covalente des conducteurs solides (matériaux carbonés) pour les applications électrochimiques". Thesis, Rennes 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN1S011/document.
Texto completoThis work is dedicated to the development of an electrochemical approach to prepare, starting from different allotropic forms of carbon, various porous materials having particular features: i) their constituting elements (graphite sheets, graphene, nanotubes and fullerene C60) are covalently attached between them by the chains of carbon atoms of different length, ii) their large internal spaces (interstices or random pores) can accommodate the cations, - primarily metals, - larger than Li+ (e.g. K+, Mg2+, and also Alk4N+ etc.), iii) they are flexible while keeping the chemical stability of the carbon forms used for their assembly. Thus, a multilayered lamellar structure was developed, a kind of “artificial graphite” with interstitial distances on demand: from 4.48 Å (with -CH2- as the linker) to 5.15 Å (with -CH2C≡C-), against 3.35 Å in natural graphite. The method of assembly of graphite/graphene-based laminated materials developed in this work is based on the new electrochemical paradigm of grafting to carbon interfaces (electrophilic grafting, making possible to fix the CH2I or CH2Br functions at the interface) and the radical grafting of the subsequent layer by the mono electronic reduction of their C-Hal bond. New coupling agents, Me3SiCH2I or Me3SiC≡CCH2Br, in a universal CH3CN/0.1M Bu4NPF6 medium, have been shown to be very effective for this process. Another coupling agent, 1,5-dibromopentane, was used for cathodic (nucleophilic/radical) assembling of carbon nano forms between them to give porous materials without a regular specific structure, the “nano-sponges”, potentially suitable for making the anodes of Li-ion batteries and “post-Li-ion” batteries. Using the combined anodic/cathodic grafting method using Me3SiCH2I as the fixing agent, the fluoride encapsulating silsesquioxane F-@Ph8T8 was immobilized on glassy carbon; the thus prepared interface has shown its promise for devices detecting the exposure to Li+ or H+ ions. The prepared structures were studied by cyclic voltammetry, chronocoulometry, electro-chemical impedance spectroscopy and scanning electron spectroscopy
Barral, Geoffrey. "Développement par procédé d'impression jet d'encre de composants électroniques métalliques souples". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS006.
Texto completoThe flexible electronics used in RFID and RFID and NFC technologies is now a booming market and demand is growing exponentially each year. Many applications are possible, such as RFID antennas and transparent conductors. To meet this demand, it is necessary to offer a low-cost manufacturing technology. Today antennas are manufactured in R2R (Roll to Roll) by subtractive methods and at high cost and generating waste. The methods of printing, which are additive, allow today to realize objects on demand. The aim of this thesis is to develop a breakthrough technology compared to the existing one. The current developments are predominantly done thanks to silver nanoparticles, the strategy of thethesis was to develop a metallizable primer (catalytic ink) for metallization by chemical means (electroless copper). In this study we will see the different steps that allowed us to select the appropriate polymer for chemical metallization, at low temperature and optimize its grafting as well as its incorporation in a complete formulation of catalytic ink. Different proofs of concepts have been obtained thanks to the technology developed by inkjet. The metallization electroless makes it possible to obtain a resistivity of 1.8 μΩ.cm and a very good adhesion on the inexpensive flexible substrates and weak point of glass transition polymer such as PET and PVC. The temperature of the metallization process does not exceed 50 °C
Cohen, Celine. "Mécanismes moléculaires de la friction aux interfaces polymères souples". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00669535.
Texto completoGrondin, Odile. "Vers un fluoroimmunocapteur à fibre optique". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPL078N.
Texto completo