Artículos de revistas: "Green water"

1

López. "Green Water". Fairy Tale Review 16 (2020): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.13110/fairtalerevi.16.1.0051.

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2

Bagwan, Nurjaha, Pradnya Kushire y Manasi Deshpande Priyanka Singh Prof Shyam Gupta. "IoT based water saving technique for Green Farming". International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-2, Issue-4 (30 de junio de 2018): 1492–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd14435.

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3

Kim, Yong Jig, Ki-Seok Shin, Seung-Chul Lee, Youngrok Ha y Sa Young Hong. "Computation of the Bow Deck Design Pressure against the Green Water Impact". Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea 56, n.º 4 (20 de agosto de 2019): 343–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3744/snak.2019.56.4.343.

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4

Zhou, Haihua, Yunxia Liu y Yanlin Song. "Water Based Green Lithography". NIP & Digital Fabrication Conference 2018, n.º 1 (23 de septiembre de 2018): 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2352/issn.2169-4451.2018.34.57.

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5

Gyuricza, Csaba, Ákos Tarnawa y Márton Jolánkai. "„Green water” – „Zöld víz”". Agrokémia és Talajtan 61, n.º 1 (1 de junio de 2012): 235–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/agrokem.60.2012.1.17.

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6

Low, Denise y Thomas King. "Green Grass, Running Water". American Indian Quarterly 18, n.º 1 (1994): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1185744.

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7

Berner, Robert L. y Thomas King. "Green Grass, Running Water". World Literature Today 67, n.º 4 (1993): 869. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40149762.

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8

Pennisi, E. "Water Reclamation Going Green". Science 337, n.º 6095 (9 de agosto de 2012): 674–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.337.6095.674.

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9

Varner, John S. "Green Medicine, Muddy Water". Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine 7, n.º 4 (agosto de 2001): 361–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/107555301750463242.

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10

Klossek, Michael L., Julien Marcus, Didier Touraud y Werner Kunz. "Highly water dilutable green microemulsions". Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 442 (febrero de 2014): 105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2012.12.061.

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11

Hao Ngo, Huu, Xuan-Thanh Bui, Long D. Nghiem y Wenshan Guo. "Green technologies for sustainable water". Bioresource Technology 317 (diciembre de 2020): 123978. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123978.

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12

Keys, Patrick W. y Malin Falkenmark. "Green water and African sustainability". Food Security 10, n.º 3 (10 de mayo de 2018): 537–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12571-018-0790-7.

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13

Basheer, Al Arsh y Imran Ali. "Water photo splitting for green hydrogen energy by green nanoparticles". International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 44, n.º 23 (mayo de 2019): 11564–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.03.040.

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14

Bus, Agnieszka y Anna Szelągowska. "Green Water from Green Roofs—The Ecological and Economic Effects". Sustainability 13, n.º 4 (23 de febrero de 2021): 2403. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13042403.

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Green roofs (GRs) have been one of the most popular solutions for water harvesting in urban areas. Apart from their water retention role and increasing biodiversity, they constitute the missing link between the built and the natural environment, which is required for sustainable human living in cities. This paper aims to calculate the ecological (EE) and economic effect (EcE) of water harvesting via GRs, by contrasting with a traditional roof, and to perform an economic analysis of the social cost benefits that GRs generate during their life cycle, using the Net Present Value (NPV) method. All the calculations and analyses were conducted for both intensive and extensive GRs in 11 of the largest municipalities in Poland, with a population of >250,000 inhabitants. According to the results of this study, water retention and the economic and ecological effects of GRs are highest in the municipalities with the highest assumed number of GRs (Warsaw, Krakow, Wroclaw, and Szczecin). The average EE and EcE equals 507,000 m3/yr and 621,000 USD/yr. The NPV results show that the effectiveness of investments in intensive GRs is, to a certain extent, more significant than in extensive GRs and the average equals 60.77 and 4.47 USD/yr for intensive and extensive GRs, respectively. The results could serve as a reference for the evaluation and optimization of the energy efficiency of rainwater harvesting schemes, in European cities.

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15

Zhao, Jing Bo, Fang Zhang, Li Peng Dong y Tian Xie. "Cut Expenditure - Water Saving Green Buildings". Advanced Materials Research 838-841 (noviembre de 2013): 3073–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.838-841.3073.

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21st century common theme is sustainable development, efficient green development model for urban construction must shift from the traditional high-consumption model of development, green building is the only way for the implementation of this shift is the world's architectural development the inevitable trend. Cut costs - water-saving green buildings, will promote water conservation and water use practices improved and full implementation, thus promoting the development of green building in China.

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16

Hoekstra, Arjen Y. "Green-blue water accounting in a soil water balance". Advances in Water Resources 129 (julio de 2019): 112–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2019.05.012.

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17

Hoff, Holger. "The global water challenge – Modeling green and blue water". Journal of Hydrology 384, n.º 3-4 (abril de 2010): 175–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2010.02.027.

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18

Chahed, J., A. Hamdane y M. Besbes. "A comprehensive water balance of Tunisia: blue water, green water and virtual water". Water International 33, n.º 4 (5 de diciembre de 2008): 415–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02508060802543105.

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19

McInnes, Kevin J. y James C. Thomas. "Passive Control of Downslope Capillary Wicking of Water in Sand-based Root Zones". HortScience 47, n.º 2 (febrero de 2012): 275–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.47.2.275.

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Chronic dry spots that occur on the upper reaches of slopes on golf putting greens lead to increased frequency of irrigation to maintain a healthy turfgrass surface. To limit one cause of dry spots, the downslope wicking of water, we investigated the use of subsurface barriers to interrupt the capillary connectivity of the bottom portion of the root zone on a 3.5-m long, laboratory-simulated section of a green having a 5% slope. We evaluated the effectiveness of the barriers on a green constructed with a sand root zone over gravel drainage and on a green constructed with a sand root zone over a geotextile atop a porous plastic grid for drainage. With sand over gravel, the barriers were effective at reducing downslope wicking and the consequential loss of stored water in the root zone on the slope. In the top 0.5 m of the slope, there was 24 mm more water stored in the root zone profile of the green constructed with barriers compared with that in the green constructed without barriers. With sand over geotextile atop a plastic grid, the barriers were effective at reducing wicking of water, but only when the downslope continuity of the geotextile was broken. In that case, there was 35 mm more water stored in the root zone profile at the top of the slope in the green constructed with barriers and a discontinuous geotextile compared with the greens constructed with barriers and continuous geotextile or with sand over gravel and no barriers.

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20

Bellakhal, Meher, André Neveu, Mouna Fartouna Bellakhal y Hechmi Missaoui. "Aquaculture of First Larval Stages of the North African Green Water Frog". Paripex - Indian Journal Of Research 3, n.º 8 (15 de enero de 2012): 44–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22501991/august2014/13.

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21

Sposito, Garrison. "Green Water and Global Food Security". Vadose Zone Journal 12, n.º 4 (13 de septiembre de 2013): vzj2013.02.0041. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/vzj2013.02.0041.

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22

Stewart, B. A. y G. A. Peterson. "Managing Green Water in Dryland Agriculture". Agronomy Journal 107, n.º 4 (julio de 2015): 1544–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/agronj14.0038.

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23

Anurukvorakun, Oraphan. "Green Extraction Technique: Subcritical Water Extraction". World Journal of Environmental Research 6, n.º 1 (23 de julio de 2016): 02. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/wjer.v6i1.871.

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An environmental kindly technique, subcritical water extraction (SWE) are based on using water as extraction solvent at temperatures between 100 °C and 374 °C. Increasing the temperature at moderate pressure also reduces the surface tension and viscosity of water causes the polarity of subcritical water is comparable to organic solvents. Therefore, the subcritical water could be improved the competency for the extraction. The aim of this work was to study the flavonoid content of Emilia sonchifolia (L.) using different extraction procedures (SWE and the traditional extraction or ethanolic extraction). The results revealed that quercetin, a plant-derived flavonoid, was a major component in both extraction procedures. The use of SWE provided higher quercetin content and antioxidant activity. Quercetin content by SWE and traditional extraction were 45.92 mg/ml and 39.94 mg/ml, respectively. The EC50 (Effective Concentration, 50%) of SWE and traditional extraction were 496 and 555.67 mg/ml, respectively. Additionally, this work demonstrated that the traditional time-consuming techniques for 12 hours of the extraction of flavonoids could be substituted for the SWE technique within 1 hour. Consequently, the capability of SWE technique was elaborately evaluated and revealed on this work. Keywords: Subcritical water; Emilia sonchifolia (L.)

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24

Nielsen, Kristian Bendix y Stefan Mayer. "Numerical prediction of green water incidents". Ocean Engineering 31, n.º 3-4 (febrero de 2004): 363–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2003.06.001.

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25

ZHU, Renchuan, Zhaowei LIN y Guoping MIAO. "Numerical simulation for green water occurrence". Journal of Hydrodynamics, Ser. B 18, n.º 3 (julio de 2006): 498–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1001-6058(06)60101-7.

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26

Palmer, M. A., J. Liu, J. H. Matthews, M. Mumba y P. D'Odorico. "Manage water in a green way". Science 349, n.º 6248 (6 de agosto de 2015): 584–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aac7778.

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27

., Oindrila Das. "WATER CONSERVATION ASPECTS OF GREEN BUILDINGS". International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology 04, n.º 25 (25 de diciembre de 2015): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.15623/ijret.2015.0425012.

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28

Varyani, Kamlesh S., Xuan P. Pham y Paul Crossland. "Green Water Investigation for a Containership". Ship Technology Research 51, n.º 4 (octubre de 2004): 151–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/str.2004.51.4.002.

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29

Adschiri, Tadafumi, Youn-Woo Lee, Motonobu Goto y Seiichi Takami. "Green materials synthesis with supercritical water". Green Chemistry 13, n.º 6 (2011): 1380. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c1gc15158d.

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30

Faltinsen, O. M., M. Greco y M. Landrini. "Green Water Loading on a FPSO". Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering 124, n.º 2 (11 de abril de 2002): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1464128.

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Green Water Loading in the bow region of a Floating Production Storage and Offloading unit (FPSO) in head sea waves is studied by numerical means. A 2-D method satisfying the exact nonlinear free-surface conditions within potential-flow theory has been developed as a step towards a fully 3-D method. The flow is assumed 2-D in a plane containing the ship’s centerplane. The method is partly validated by model tests. The importance of environmental conditions, 3-D flow effects, ship motions, and hull parameters are summarized. The wave steepness of the incident waves causes important nonlinear effects. The local flow at the bow is, in general, important to account for. It has become popular to use a dam-breaking model to study the propagation of water on the deck. However, the numerical studies show the importance of accounting for the coupled flow between the deck and outside the ship. When the water is propagating on the deck, a suitable distance from the bow can be found from where shallow-water equations can be used. Impact between green water on deck and a vertical deck-house side in the bow area is studied in details. A similarity solution for impact between a wedge-formed water front and a vertical rigid wall is used. Simplified solutions for an impacting fluid wedge with small and large interior angles are developed, both to support the numerical computations and to provide simpler formulas of practical use. It is demonstrated how the local design of the deck house can reduce the slamming loads. The importance of hydroelasticity during the impact is discussed by using realistic structural dimensions of a deck house. This indicates that hydroelasticity is insignificant. On the contrary, first results from an ongoing experimental investigation document blunt impacts against the deck during the initial stage of water shipping, which deserve a dedicated hydroelastic analysis.

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31

Zhu, Renchuan, Zhaowei Lin y Guoping Miao. "Numerical simulation for green water occurrence". Journal of Hydrodynamics 18, S1 (febrero de 2006): 487–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03400494.

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32

Wu, Xiaofeng y Jianliang Xiao. "ChemInform Abstract: Green Reduction in Water". ChemInform 42, n.º 25 (26 de mayo de 2011): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.201125254.

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33

Sheldon, Roger A. "ChemInform Abstract: Green Oxidation in Water". ChemInform 42, n.º 25 (26 de mayo de 2011): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.201125255.

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Fraile, Jose M., Clara I. Herrerias y Jose A. Mayoral. "ChemInform Abstract: Green Bases in Water". ChemInform 42, n.º 25 (26 de mayo de 2011): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.201125256.

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35

Xie, Yuhong. "Inland water green smart power pusher". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 680, n.º 1 (1 de marzo de 2021): 012103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/680/1/012103.

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36

Khan, Tariq, Hamideh Nouri, Martijn Booij, Arjen Hoekstra, Hizbullah Khan y Ihsan Ullah. "Water Footprint, Blue Water Scarcity, and Economic Water Productivity of Irrigated Crops in Peshawar Basin, Pakistan". Water 13, n.º 9 (29 de abril de 2021): 1249. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13091249.

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Pakistan possesses the fourth largest irrigation network in the world, serving 20.2 million hectares of cultivated land. With an increasing irrigated area, Pakistan is short of freshwater resources and faces severe water scarcity and food security challenges. This is the first comprehensive study on the water footprint (WF) of crop production in Peshawar Basin. WF is defined as the volume of freshwater required to produce goods and services. In this study, we assessed the blue and green water footprints (WFs) and annual blue and green water consumption of major crops (maize, rice, tobacco, wheat, barley, sugarcane, and sugar beet) in Peshawar Basin, Pakistan. The Global Water Footprint Assessment Standard (GWFAS) and AquaCrop model were used to model the daily WF of each crop from 1986 to 2015. In addition, the blue water scarcity, in the context of available surface water, and economic water productivity (EWP) of these crops were assessed. The 30 year average blue and green WFs of major crops revealed that maize had the highest blue and green WFs (7077 and 2744 m3/ton, respectively) and sugarcane had the lowest blue and green WFs (174 and 45 m3/ton, respectively). The average annual consumption of blue water by major crops in the basin was 1.9 billion m3, where 67% was used for sugarcane and maize, covering 48% of the cropland. The average annual consumption of green water was 1.0 billion m3, where 68% was used for wheat and sugarcane, covering 67% of the cropland. The WFs of all crops exceeded the global average. The results showed that annually the basin is supplied with 30 billion m3 of freshwater. Annually, 3 billion m3 of freshwater leaves the basin unutilized. The average annual blue water consumption by major crops is 31% of the total available surface water (6 billion m3) in the basin. Tobacco and sugar beet had the highest blue and green EWP while wheat and maize had the lowest. The findings of this study can help the water management authorities in formulating a comprehensive policy for efficient utilization of available water resources in Peshawar Basin.

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37

Chai, Hong Xiang, Ke Deng y Fang Zhao. "Water Balance Optimization of Non-Traditional Water Resources Utilization in Green Building Based on Landscape Water Regulation Function". Applied Mechanics and Materials 170-173 (mayo de 2012): 2329–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.170-173.2329.

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According to the extremely uneven situation of monthly rainfall in China, in order to both improve utilization efficiency of non-traditional water resources and realize economy applicable in green residential districts, an optimization method of monthly water dynamic balance of non-traditional water resources utilization in green building based on landscape water regulation function was put forward. The optimization method was made full use of large capacity of landscape water regulation function, combined with monthly water consumption law between supply and demand of non-traditional water resources in districts. And this method was applied in a green residential demonstration district in western China.

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38

Yang, Guo Sheng, Jie Sheng Huang, Jian Li y Wei Yin. "Study on Green Water Management in a Typical Watershed in Water Resource Area of the Mid-Route of South-to-North Water Transfer". Advanced Materials Research 864-867 (diciembre de 2013): 2240–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.864-867.2240.

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Danjiangkou Reservoir and its upstream tributaries as water resource area is of strategic importance for the Mid-route of South-to-North Water Transfer Project. Water conservation and water purification is the key measures for sustainable water diversion. Green water management as a new technologies to achieve water conservation and water purification has a broad application prospects. In this research, green water management was studied in the Upper Du watershed. ArcSWAT model was used to assess quantity of green water resource. By adjusting the model parameters, the efficiency of different green water management scenarios on water and soil conservation were simulated. The results of the study indicate that the quantity of green water in the Upper Du is about 5.588 billion cubic meters. Mulching is a better green water management way that more suitable for water and soil conservation in the Danjiangkou Water Resource Area. This research can provide a reference for water resource protection and management in Water Resource Area of the Mid-route of South-to-North Water Transfer.

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Bessa, Ana, Gil Gonçalves, Bruno Henriques, Eddy M. Domingues, Eduarda Pereira y Paula A. A. P. Marques. "Green Graphene–Chitosan Sorbent Materials for Mercury Water Remediation". Nanomaterials 10, n.º 8 (28 de julio de 2020): 1474. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10081474.

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The development of new graphene-based nanocomposites able to provide synergistic effects for the adsorption of toxic heavy metals in realistic conditions (environment) is of higher demand for future applications. This work explores the preparation of a green nanocomposite based on the self-assembly of graphene oxide (GO) with chitosan (CH) for the remediation of Hg(II) in different water matrices, including ultrapure and natural waters (tap water, river water, and seawater). Starting at a concentration of 50 μg L–1, the results showed that GO–CH nanocomposite has an excellent adsorption capacity of Hg (II) using very small doses (10 mg L–1) in ultrapure water with a removal percentage (% R) of 97 % R after only two hours of contact time. In the case of tap water, the % R was 81.4% after four hours of contact time. In the case of river and seawater, the GO–CH nanocomposite showed a limited performance due the high complexity of the water matrices, leading to a residual removal of Hg(II). The obtained removal of Hg(II) at equilibrium in river and seawater for GO–CH was 13% R and 7% R, respectively. Our studies conducted with different mimicked sea waters revealed that the removal of mercury is not affected by the presence of NO3– and Na+ (>90% R of Hg(II)); however, in the presence of Cl–, the mercury removal was virtually nonexistent (1% R of Hg(II)), most likely because of the formation of very stable chloro-complexes of Hg(II) with less affinity towards GO–CH.

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40

Arrien, Maria Macarena, Maite M. Aldaya y Corina Iris Rodriguez. "Water Footprint and Virtual Water Trade of Maize in the Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina". Water 13, n.º 13 (26 de junio de 2021): 1769. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13131769.

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Agriculture is the largest fresh water consuming sector, and maize is the most produced and consumed crop worldwide. The water footprint (WF) methodology quantifies and evaluates the water volumes consumed and polluted by a given crop, as well as its impacts. In this work, we quantified for the first time the green WF (soil water from precipitation that is evapotranspired) and the green virtual water exports of maize from Buenos Aires province, Argentina, during 2016–2017, due to the relevance of this region in the world maize trade. Furthermore, at local level, we quantified the green, blue (evapotranspired irrigation), and grey (volume of water needed to assimilate a pollution load) WF of maize in a pilot basin. The green WF of maize in the province of Buenos Aires ranged between 170 and 730 m3/ton, with the highest values in the south following a pattern of yields. The contribution of this province in terms of green virtual water to the international maize trade reached 2213 hm3/year, allowing some water-scarce nations to ensure water and water-dependent food security and avoid further environmental impacts related to water. At the Napaleofú basin scale, the total WF of rainfed maize was 358 m3/ton (89% green and 11% grey) and 388 m3/ton (58% green, 25% blue, and 17% grey) for the irrigated crop, showing that there is not only a green WF behind the exported maize, but also a Nitrogen-related grey WF.

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Veettil, Anoop Valiya y Ashok K. Mishra. "Water security assessment using blue and green water footprint concepts". Journal of Hydrology 542 (noviembre de 2016): 589–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.09.032.

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42

Cabrera, Mica, Faizah Taher, Alendre Llantada, Quyen Do, Tyeshia Sapp y Monika Sommerhalter. "Effect of Water Hardness on Catechin and Caffeine Content in Green Tea Infusions". Molecules 26, n.º 12 (8 de junio de 2021): 3485. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26123485.

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The health benefits of green tea are associated with its high catechin content. In scientific studies, green tea is often prepared with deionized water. However, casual consumers will simply use their local tap water, which differs in alkalinity and mineral content depending on the region. To assess the effect of water hardness on catechin and caffeine content, green tea infusions were prepared with synthetic freshwater in five different hardness levels, a sodium bicarbonate solution, a mineral salt solution, and deionized water. HPLC analysis was performed with a superficially porous pentafluorophenyl column. As water hardness increased, total catechin yield decreased. This was mostly due to the autoxidation of epigallocatechin (EGC) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). Epicatechin (EC), epicatechin gallate (ECG), and caffeine showed greater chemical stability. Autoxidation was promoted by alkaline conditions and resulted in the browning of the green tea infusions. High levels of alkaline sodium bicarbonate found in hard water can render some tap waters unsuitable for green tea preparation.

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Ramírez Camperos, E., L. Cardoso Vigueros, V. Escalante Estrada, A. Gómez Navarrete, A. Rivas Hernández y E. Díaz Tapia. "Water reuse for the bottled water industry". Water Supply 5, n.º 1 (1 de marzo de 2005): 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2005.0013.

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The bottled water industry uses a machine specifically designed for the washing of its containers (19-L capacity) and generates 6-L wastewater/container. This effluent can be used for watering of green areas and car washing. The objectives of the present work were to characterize the effluent and to propose a specific treatment to enable reuse of the effluent from the container washing machine. The analysis of water quality identified the following problems: high pH (10.0), high biochemical oxygen demand (50 mg/L), high concentration of free residual chlorine (3.15 mg/l), alkalinity (207 mg/l as CaCO3) and hardness (38.8 mg/l as CaCO3). These parameters must be reduced in order to comply with the Mexican standards for water reuse (NOM-003-ECOL-1997), and to protect the washing equipment against corrosion and incrustations. The water can be used for the watering of green areas after pH adjustment and Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD5) removal. If special equipment is used for car washing, it is necessary to reduce the concentration of calcium and magnesium using a strong cationic resin. Following these recommendations the specific industry installed a treatment system with pH adjustment, dual filtration (sand-anthracite) and adsorption system with activated carbon. The effluent is now used for watering of green areas and for car washing with garden hoses.

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Petkov, Georgi D. "Nutrition medium for intensive cultivation of green microalgae in fresh and sea water". Algological Studies/Archiv für Hydrobiologie, Supplement Volumes 78 (27 de octubre de 1995): 81–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/algol_stud/78/1995/81.

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45

Krogstad, Tore y Øivind Løvstad. "Available soil phosphorus for planktonic blue-green algae in eutrophic lake water samples". Archiv für Hydrobiologie 122, n.º 1 (28 de agosto de 1991): 117–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/archiv-hydrobiol/122/1991/117.

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Mohieldeen, Yasir Elginiad. "More water flows from Western Sudan as virtual water than the flow of the River Nile in former Sudan". Water Policy 18, n.º 3 (28 de octubre de 2015): 533–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2015.130.

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This study argues that by mobilising ‘social resources’, communities in water-scarce, semi-arid areas can not only successfully sustain a livelihood, but they can also play an important role in the water budget of their semi-arid regions. The pastoralist communities in the Darfur region of west Sudan utilise the limited volumes of green – root-zone – water in the soil to rear livestock. They have for centuries developed and adopted a very adaptive management system that has enabled them to utilise the green water of the Nile Basin. The embedded green water in livestock totals more than Sudan's annual share – 18.5 km3 – of the Nile River flow allocated to it by the 1959 Nile Waters Agreement. This study has revealed that this embedded ‘virtual water’ amounts to 37.6 km3. Results show that this silent, unrecognised, green water has been providing a solution to the water requirements of the Nile economies. It has been suggested that if Western Sudan's livestock were to be produced using fresh/blue water from the Nile, the national water balance of the Sudan would be very seriously impacted and the economy would be much less secure than it has been for the past half century.

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Simbolon, Anna Rejeki. "Analisis Risiko Kesehatan Pencemaran Timbal (Pb) Pada Kerang Hijau (Perna viridis) di Perairan Cilincing Pesisir DKI Jakarta". Oseanologi dan Limnologi di Indonesia 3, n.º 3 (29 de diciembre de 2018): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/oldi.2018.v3i3.207.

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<strong>Health Risk Assessment of Lead (Pb) Pollution in Green Mussel (Perna viridis) at Cilincing Waters, DKI Jakarta Littoral.</strong> Cilincing waters is one of the river estuaries on the coast of DKI Jakarta with increasing industrial and community activities. These activities certainly produce waste that contains heavy metal lead and into the water. Water pollution will affect the health of humans who interact directly or indirectly in these waters. Green mussel (Perna viridis) is one of the dominant benthic biota in Cilincing Waters and becomes one of the food for the people of DKI Jakarta. Green mussels exposed to lead metals at a certain concentration will adversely affect human health. So that required analysis of water pollution to health risks that may occur. This study aims to analyze the health risks of pollution, especially lead metals found in green mussel against humans. The research was conducted in Cilincing Coastal Waters of DKI Jakarta, from September to December 2017 by using survey method to determine the condition of existing environment. Parameters analyzed included Total Suspended Solid (TSS), Pb metal in water, sediment and green mussels. Health risk analysis of lead metal pollution is carried out using the SEDISOIL risk analysis model. This study shows that the concentrations of Pb metal in sediments and green mussels have been above the quality standard so that green mussels from that area are not feasible for consumption by the community. This is evident from the health risk (RQ) noses that have exceeded each sample location

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48

Schneider, Caroline. "Three Shades of Water: Increasing Water Security with Blue, Green, and Gray Water". CSA News 58, n.º 10 (octubre de 2013): 4–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/csa2013-58-10-1.

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Okita, Jarrett, Cara Poor, Jessica M. Kleiss y Ted Eckmann. "EFFECT OF GREEN ROOF AGE ON RUNOFF WATER QUALITY IN PORTLAND, OREGON". Journal of Green Building 13, n.º 2 (marzo de 2018): 42–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/1943-4618.13.2.42.

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Green roofs have become a common method to increase water retention on-site in urban areas. However, the long-term water quality of runoff from green roofs is poorly understood. This study evaluated the water quality of stormwater runoff from a regular (non-vegetated) roof, a green roof installed 6 months previously, and a green roof installed 6 years ago in Portland, Oregon. Samples of runoff were taken during every rain event for 10 months, and analyzed for total phosphorus (TP), phosphate (PO3-4), total nitrogen (TN), nitrate (NO-3), ammonia (NH3), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn). Runoff from the green roofs had higher concentrations of TP and PO3-4 and lower concentrations of Zn compared to the regular roof. Average TP concentrations from the 6-year old roof and 6-month old roof were 6.3 and 14.6 times higher, respectively, than concentrations from the regular roof, and average PO3-4 concentrations from the 6-year old roof and 6-month old roof were 13.5 and 26.6 times higher, respectively, compared to the regular roof. Runoff from the 6-month old green roof had higher concentrations of TP and PO3-4 than the 6-year old green roof during the wet season, but lower concentrations during the dry season. The 6-month old green roof installations where receiving waters are sensitive or impaired may need additional treatment methods to reduce phosphorus levels. As green roofs age, water retention decreases and phosphorus leaching increases during the dry season.

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50

Rzama, A., E. J. Dufourc y B. Arreguy. "Sterols from green and blue-green algae grown on reused waste water". Phytochemistry 37, n.º 6 (diciembre de 1994): 1625–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9422(00)89579-5.

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