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1
Pan, Kan, Anrui Li, Zheng Yang, Yongjie Nie, Zhenwei Geng, Junjie Wen, Wentao Liu, Shichen Wang, Hui Chen y Zuyuan Huang. "Research on Green Energy Internet Planning Model". E3S Web of Conferences 293 (2021): 03031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202129303031.
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This paper intends to take power system planning as the main module, while considering the requirements and constraints of natural gas network and transportation network construction and use the energy hub model to analyse the energy transmission and transformation relationship between different networks, to realize the power system, natural gas network, and transportation. Integrated energy system planning for the network. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed PMIES planning method, an improved Garver test system is used for simulation. The system includes a 7-node natural gas network system and a 6-node electric test system. We optimized and analysed the simulated system for model research.
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Ekhtiari, Ali, Damian Flynn y Eoin Syron. "Green Hydrogen Blends with Natural Gas and Its Impact on the Gas Network". Hydrogen 3, n.º 4 (27 de octubre de 2022): 402–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/hydrogen3040025.
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With increasing shares of variable and uncertain renewable generation in many power systems, there is an associated increase in the importance of energy storage to help balance supply and demand. Gas networks currently store and transport energy, and they have the potential to play a vital role in longer-term renewable energy storage. Gas and electricity networks are becoming more integrated with quick-responding gas-fired power plants, providing a significant backup source for renewable electricity in many systems. This study investigates Ireland’s gas network and operation when a variable green hydrogen input from excess wind power is blended with natural gas. How blended hydrogen impacts a gas network’s operational variables is also assessed by modelling a quasi-transient gas flow. The modelling approach incorporates gas density and a compressibility factor, in addition to the gas network’s main pressure and flow rate characteristics. With an increasing concentration of green hydrogen, up to 20%, in the gas network, the pipeline flow rate must be increased to compensate for reduced energy quality due to the lower energy density of the blended gas. Pressure drops across the gas pipeline have been investigated using different capacities of P2H from 18 MW to 124 MW. The results show significant potential for the gas network to store and transport renewable energy as hydrogen and improve renewable energy utilisation without upgrading the gas network infrastructure.
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Ekhtiari, Ali, Damian Flynn y Eoin Syron. "Investigation of the Multi-Point Injection of Green Hydrogen from Curtailed Renewable Power into a Gas Network". Energies 13, n.º 22 (19 de noviembre de 2020): 6047. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13226047.
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Renewable electricity can be converted into hydrogen via electrolysis also known as power-to-H2 (P2H), which, when injected in the gas network pipelines provides a potential solution for the storage and transport of this green energy. Because of the variable renewable electricity production, the electricity end-user’s demand for “power when required”, distribution, and transmission power grid constrains the availability of renewable energy for P2H can be difficult to predict. The evaluation of any potential P2H investment while taking into account this consideration, should also examine the effects of incorporating the produced green hydrogen in the gas network. Parameters, including pipeline pressure drop, flowrate, velocity, and, most importantly, composition and calorific content, are crucial for gas network management. A simplified representation of the Irish gas transmission network is created and used as a case study to investigate the impact on gas network operation, of hydrogen generated from curtailed wind power. The variability in wind speed and gas network demands that occur over a 24 h period and with network location are all incorporated into a case study to determine how the inclusion of green hydrogen will affect gas network parameters. This work demonstrates that when using only curtailed renewable electricity during a period with excess renewable power generation, despite using multiple injection points, significant variation in gas quality can occur in the gas network. Hydrogen concentrations of up to 15.8% occur, which exceed the recommended permitted limits for the blending of hydrogen in a natural gas network. These results highlight the importance of modelling both the gas and electricity systems when investigating any potential P2H installation. It is concluded that, for gas networks that decarbonise through the inclusion of blended hydrogen, active management of gas quality is required for all but the smallest of installations.
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Pellegrini, Marco, Alessandro Guzzini y Cesare Saccani. "A Preliminary Assessment of the Potential of Low Percentage Green Hydrogen Blending in the Italian Natural Gas Network". Energies 13, n.º 21 (23 de octubre de 2020): 5570. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13215570.
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The growing rate of electricity generation from renewables is leading to new operational and management issues on the power grid because the electricity generated exceeds local requirements and the transportation or storage capacities are inadequate. An interesting option that is under investigation by several years is the opportunity to use the renewable electricity surplus to power electrolyzers that split water into its component parts, with the hydrogen being directly injected into natural gas pipelines for both storage and transportation. This innovative approach merges together the concepts of (i) renewable power-to-hydrogen (P2H) and of (ii) hydrogen blending into natural gas networks. The combination of renewable P2H and hydrogen blending into natural gas networks has a huge potential in terms of environmental and social benefits, but it is still facing several barriers that are technological, economic, legislative. In the framework of the new hydrogen strategy for a climate-neutral Europe, Member States should design a roadmap moving towards a hydrogen ecosystem by 2050. The blending of “green hydrogen”, that is hydrogen produced by renewable sources, in the natural gas network at a limited percentage is a key element to enable hydrogen production in a preliminary and transitional phase. Therefore, it is urgent to evaluate at the same time (i) the potential of green hydrogen blending at low percentage (up to 10%) and (ii) the maximum P2H capacity compatible with low percentage blending. The paper aims to preliminary assess the green hydrogen blending potential into the Italian natural gas network as a tool for policy makers, grid and networks managers and energy planners.
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Qiu, Yue, Suyang Zhou, Jinyi Chen, Zhi Wu y Qiteng Hong. "Hydrogen-Enriched Compressed Natural Gas Network Simulation for Consuming Green Hydrogen Considering the Hydrogen Diffusion Process". Processes 10, n.º 9 (2 de septiembre de 2022): 1757. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10091757.
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Transporting green hydrogen by existing natural gas networks has become a practical means to accommodate curtailed wind and solar power. Restricted by pipe materials and pressure levels, there is an upper limit on the hydrogen blending ratio of hydrogen-enriched compressed natural gas (HCNG) that can be transported by natural gas pipelines, which affects whether the natural gas network can supply energy safely and reliably. To this end, this paper investigates the effects of the intermittent and fluctuating green hydrogen produced by different types of renewable energy on the dynamic distribution of hydrogen concentration after it is blended into natural gas pipelines. Based on the isothermal steady-state simulation results of the natural gas network, two convection–diffusion models for the dynamic simulation of hydrogen injections are proposed. Finally, the dynamic changes of hydrogen concentration in the pipelines under scenarios of multiple green hydrogen types and multiple injection nodes are simulated on a seven-node natural gas network. The simulation results indicate that, compared with the solar-power-dominated hydrogen production-blending scenario, the hydrogen concentrations in the natural gas pipelines are more uniformly distributed in the wind-power-dominated scenario and the solar–wind power balance scenario. To be specific, in the solar-power-dominated scenario, the hydrogen concentration exceeds the limit for more time whilst the overall hydrogen production is low, and the local hydrogen concentration in the natural gas network exceeds the limit for nearly 50% of the time in a day. By comparison, in the wind-power-dominated scenario, all pipelines can work under safe conditions. The hydrogen concentration overrun time in the solar–wind power balance scenario is also improved compared with the solar-power-dominated scenario, and the limit-exceeding time of the hydrogen concentration in Pipe 5 and Pipe 6 is reduced to 91.24% and 91.99% of the solar-power-dominated scenario. This work can help verify the day-ahead scheduling strategy of the electricity-HCNG integrated energy system (IES) and provide a reference for the design of local hydrogen production-blending systems.
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Cavana, Marco, Enrico Vaccariello y Pierluigi Leone. "Pressure management in smart gas networks for increasing hydrogen blending". E3S Web of Conferences 334 (2022): 03003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202233403003.
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The injection of hydrogen into existing gas grids is acknowledged as a promising option for decarbonizing gas systems and enhancing the integration among energy sectors. Nevertheless, it affects the hydraulics and the quality management of networks. When the network is fed by multiple infeed sites and hydrogen is fed from a single injection point, non-homogeneous hydrogen distribution throughout the grid happens to lead to a reduction of the possible amount of hydrogen to be safely injected within the grid. To mitigate these impacts, novel operational schemes should therefore be implemented. In the present work, the modulation of the outlet pressures of gas infeed sites is proposed as an effective strategy to accommodate larger hydrogen volumes into gas grids, extending the area of the network reached by hydrogen while keeping compliance with quality and hydraulic restrictions. A distribution network operated at two cascading pressure tiers interfaced by pressure regulators constitutes the case study, which is simulated by a fluid-dynamic and multi-component model for gas networks. Results suggest that higher shares of hydrogen and other green gases can be introduced into existing distribution systems by implementing novel asset management schemes with negligible impact on grid operations.
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Younes, Maram Bani. "Towards Green Driving: A Review of Efficient Driving Techniques". World Electric Vehicle Journal 13, n.º 6 (10 de junio de 2022): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj13060103.
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The exponential increase in the number of daily traveling vehicles has exacerbated global warming and environmental pollution issues. These problems directly threaten the continuity and quality of life on the planet. Several techniques and technologies have been used and developed to reduce fuel consumption and gas emissions of traveling vehicles over the road network. Here, we investigate some solutions that assist drivers to follow efficient driving tips during their trips. Advanced technologies of communications or vehicle manufacturing have enhanced traffic efficiency over road networks. In addition, several advisory systems have been proposed to recommend to drivers the most efficient speed, route, or other decisions to follow towards their targeted destinations. These recommendations are selected according to the real-time traffic distribution and the context of the road network. In this paper, different high fuel consumption scenarios are investigated over the road networks. Next, the details of efficient driving techniques that were proposed to tackle each case accordingly are reviewed and categorized for downtown and highway driving. Finally, a set of remarks and existing gaps are reported to researchers in this field.
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Grossi, G., F. Arpino, M. Bertone, C. Canale, L. Canale, G. Cortellessa, M. Dell’Isola, G. Ficco y L. Moretti. "Natural gas system decarbonization by green hydrogen injection: a distributed approach". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1106, n.º 1 (1 de noviembre de 2022): 012004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1106/1/012004.
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Abstract The large-scale penetration of renewable sources in the European energy system is leading to management and control issues on the electricity distribution network, due to the randomness of the energy coming from these sources and to the lack of adequate storage capacities. In this regard, an interesting solution currently being considered is represented by Power-to-Gas technology and chemical energy storage. In fact, renewable electricity surplus can be used to power water electrolysers producing green hydrogen to be injected in natural gas pipelines, with the dual effect of solving production-consumption mismatches in the electricity network and decarbonizing the natural gas system. In the present work, a mathematical model has been developed to study the hourly operation of an integrated multi-gas system for green hydrogen production via photovoltaic-powered electrolysers and its injection upstream of a Regulating and Measuring Station (RMS). Different operating conditions are investigated and a scenario of increasing photovoltaic production is considered. Obtained results show that higher fractions of hydrogen in the blend can be achieved during summer operations when the lowest natural gas consumption and the highest solar production occur.
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Cheung, Mario Ho Tak. "Green energy recovery by blending treated biogas into town gas pipeline networks". Special Issue with Awarded and Shortlisted Papers from the HKIE Outstanding Paper Award for Young Engineers/Researchers 2020 27, n.º 4 (11 de enero de 2021): 173–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.33430/v27n4thie-2020-0021.
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Biogas can be converted into treated biogas or synthetic natural gas, which can be blended into town gas pipeline network at a designed mixing ratio. Specific gravity and calorific value of biogas are adjusted to satisfy gas safety and quality standard. Carbon dioxide pressure swing adsorption is selected and applied for specific gravity reduction and calorific value enrichment. 95% nitrogen, defined according to the flammability plot, is mixed with biogas for tuning the calorific value at the end of the process end. Gas interchangeability of the gas mixture of treated biogas and town gas was predicted by using maximum combustion potential (MCP) chart and their maximum mixing ratio for safe use was indicated. Gas interchangeability of the gas mixture was tested to confirm the prediction. The South East New Territories Processing Facilities were designed and built according to the above principle, and has been in operation to convert biogas into synthetic natural gas successfully since 2017.
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Cheung, Mario Ho Tak. "Green energy recovery by blending treated biogas into town gas pipeline networks". Special Issue with Awarded and Shortlisted Papers from the HKIE Outstanding Paper Award for Young Engineers/Researchers 2020 27, n.º 4 (11 de enero de 2021): 173–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.33430/v27n4thie-2020-0021.
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Biogas can be converted into treated biogas or synthetic natural gas, which can be blended into town gas pipeline network at a designed mixing ratio. Specific gravity and calorific value of biogas are adjusted to satisfy gas safety and quality standard. Carbon dioxide pressure swing adsorption is selected and applied for specific gravity reduction and calorific value enrichment. 95% nitrogen, defined according to the flammability plot, is mixed with biogas for tuning the calorific value at the end of the process end. Gas interchangeability of the gas mixture of treated biogas and town gas was predicted by using maximum combustion potential (MCP) chart and their maximum mixing ratio for safe use was indicated. Gas interchangeability of the gas mixture was tested to confirm the prediction. The South East New Territories Processing Facilities were designed and built according to the above principle, and has been in operation to convert biogas into synthetic natural gas successfully since 2017.
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Choi, Won Hyuck y Min Seok Jie. "Study and Design of Power Monitoring and Management System Based on Wireless Sensor Network". Applied Mechanics and Materials 339 (julio de 2013): 118–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.339.118.
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Since, low carbon, green growth became the global task, smart grid concept emerges as a centre of revolution of green energy industry which minimizes green house gas. Smart grid is combining ubiquitous technology with existing power grid to increase trustworthy, efficiency, safety of the power grid. Real time power measuring and its monitoring are necessary for safe energy supply, in this thesis, suggesting WEMS (Wireless electric power measurement monitoring system). WEMS has been design based on current commercialized power measuring systems analysis with improvement and connects it with most talked about item, smart phone and monitoring system. And also adopting real time power measuring system, constitute more practical power measuring system by controlling electricity usage in real time.
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PSR, Prasad. "Influence of Low Dosage Green Extracts on CO2 Hydrate Formation". Petroleum & Petrochemical Engineering Journal 4, n.º 3 (2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/ppej-16000234.
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Gas clathrates or the gas hydrates are the solid ice particles encapsulating gas molecules (commonly methane - CH 4 and carbon dioxide - CO 2 ) within the water cavities, at moderately high-pressure and low-temperature conditions. The petroleum extraction process from the deep-sea environment favours the occurrence of hydrates, and CO 2 hydrates require milder p, T conditions than CH 4 hydrates. Thus, chocking the pipeline network and obstructing the petroleum flow; leading to a substantial economic loss and hazardous. Conventional hydrate inhibitors (methanol, ethanol, glycols, Amino acids, and ionic liquids, etc.) are used, which are chemically toxic, costly, and required in large volumes (30-50 wt %). Therefore a suitable additive preventing plug formation is on high demand. The present study disclosures the use of three green leaf extracts Azadirachta indica (Neem - NL), Piper betel (betel - BL), and Nelumbo nucifera (Indian lotus - LL) in low dosage (0.5 wt %) on the CO 2 hydrate formation. Experiments are conducted in the isochoric method, with 0.5 wt % green-additives. The hydrates nucleate at higher subcooling (̴ 7-9 K), and the conversion is about ̴ 33-40 %. The induction time is nearly the same both pure- H 2 O and H2O with LL, whereas, it is ̴3 and 4 times higher for NL and BL. The hydrate growth kinetics also indicate significant retardation (2 – 4 times). Thus, these bio-additives, in low-dosage, could be an effective THI and also KHI for preventing the CO 2 hydrates plugs.
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Rozzi, Elena, Francesco Demetrio Minuto, Andrea Lanzini y Pierluigi Leone. "Green Synthetic Fuels: Renewable Routes for the Conversion of Non-Fossil Feedstocks into Gaseous Fuels and Their End Uses". Energies 13, n.º 2 (15 de enero de 2020): 420. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13020420.
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Innovative renewable routes are potentially able to sustain the transition to a decarbonized energy economy. Green synthetic fuels, including hydrogen and natural gas, are considered viable alternatives to fossil fuels. Indeed, they play a fundamental role in those sectors that are difficult to electrify (e.g., road mobility or high-heat industrial processes), are capable of mitigating problems related to flexibility and instantaneous balance of the electric grid, are suitable for large-size and long-term storage and can be transported through the gas network. This article is an overview of the overall supply chain, including production, transport, storage and end uses. Available fuel conversion technologies use renewable energy for the catalytic conversion of non-fossil feedstocks into hydrogen and syngas. We will show how relevant technologies involve thermochemical, electrochemical and photochemical processes. The syngas quality can be improved by catalytic CO and CO2 methanation reactions for the generation of synthetic natural gas. Finally, the produced gaseous fuels could follow several pathways for transport and lead to different final uses. Therefore, storage alternatives and gas interchangeability requirements for the safe injection of green fuels in the natural gas network and fuel cells are outlined. Nevertheless, the effects of gas quality on combustion emissions and safety are considered.
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Zhang, Tao, Hua Bai y Shuyu Sun. "Intelligent Natural Gas and Hydrogen Pipeline Dispatching Using the Coupled Thermodynamics-Informed Neural Network and Compressor Boolean Neural Network". Processes 10, n.º 2 (21 de febrero de 2022): 428. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10020428.
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Natural gas pipelines have attracted increasing attention in the energy industry thanks to the current demand for green energy and the advantages of pipeline transportation. A novel deep learning method is proposed in this paper, using a coupled network structure incorporating the thermodynamics-informed neural network and the compressor Boolean neural network, to incorporate both functions of pipeline transportation safety check and energy supply predictions. The deep learning model is uniformed for the coupled network structure, and the prediction efficiency and accuracy are validated by a number of numerical tests simulating various engineering scenarios, including hydrogen gas pipelines. The trained model can provide dispatchers with suggestions about the number of phases existing during the transportation as an index showing safety, while the effects of operation temperature, pressure and compositional purity are investigated to suggest the optimized productions.
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Zhang, Jing, Gaopeng Jiang, Maciej Goledzinowski, Felix J. E. Comeau, Kecheng Li, Timothy Cumberland, Jared Lenos et al. "Green Solid Electrolyte with Cofunctionalized Nanocellulose/Graphene Oxide Interpenetrating Network for Electrochemical Gas Sensors". Small Methods 1, n.º 11 (25 de septiembre de 2017): 1700237. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/smtd.201700237.
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Liu, Rong Juan y Dao Zhi Zhao. "Study on the Cooperation Mechanism among Supply Network Enterprises in Low Carbon Economy". Advanced Materials Research 781-784 (septiembre de 2013): 2560–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.781-784.2560.
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China's greenhouse gas emission is very critical, how to develop a low-carbon economy, build a resource-saved and environment-friendly society become the key problems. This paper study on the key issues which influence the low carbon economy, explore new cooperation mechanisms among network enterprises, and construct a green economic develop model.
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Singlitico, Alessandro, Jamie Goggins y Rory F. D. Monaghan. "The role of life cycle assessment in the sustainable transition to a decarbonised gas network through green gas production". Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 99 (enero de 2019): 16–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2018.09.040.
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Shushunova, Natalia Sergeevna, Elena Anatolyevna Korol y Nikolai Ivanovich Vatin. "Modular Green Roofs for the Sustainability of the Built Environment: The Installation Process". Sustainability 13, n.º 24 (13 de diciembre de 2021): 13749. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132413749.
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The research object is the installation process of modular green roofs with planters placed on the concrete roof’s surface. These roofs effectively reduce rainfall disposal, prolong the lifespan of the roof coating, and enhance urban aesthetic and recreational spaces. Green roofs reduce houses’ gas emissions and increase green spaces in densely built areas. The spatial–technological model was developed for the proposed modular green roof based on network planning, scheduling theory, and graph theory. The sequence and composition of technological processes and operations were established for the installation process. The functional model of installing a modular green roof has been developed. The model makes it possible to optimise the principles of saving labour contribution (working hours) and time.
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Gielen, Bert, Manuel Acosta, Nuria Altimir, Nina Buchmann, Alessandro Cescatti, Eric Ceschia, Stefan Fleck et al. "Ancillary vegetation measurements at ICOS ecosystem stations". International Agrophysics 32, n.º 4 (1 de diciembre de 2018): 645–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/intag-2017-0048.
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Abstract The Integrated Carbon Observation System is a Pan-European distributed research infrastructure that has as its main goal to monitor the greenhouse gas balance of Europe. The ecosystem component of Integrated Carbon Observation System consists of a multitude of stations where the net greenhouse gas exchange is monitored continuously by eddy covariance measurements while, in addition many other measurements are carried out that are a key to an understanding of the greenhouse gas balance. Amongst them are the continuous meteorological measurements and a set of non-continuous measurements related to vegetation. The latter include Green Area Index, aboveground biomass and litter biomass. The standardized methodology that is used at the Integrated Carbon Observation System ecosystem stations to monitor these vegetation related variables differs between the ecosystem types that are represented within the network, whereby in this paper we focus on forests, grasslands, croplands and mires. For each of the variables and ecosystems a spatial and temporal sampling design was developed so that the variables can be monitored in a consistent way within the ICOS network. The standardisation of the methodology to collect Green Area Index, above ground biomass and litter biomass and the methods to evaluate the quality of the collected data ensures that all stations within the ICOS ecosystem network produce data sets with small and similar errors, which allows for inter-comparison comparisons across the Integrated Carbon Observation System ecosystem network.
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Lu, Xuqing. "Research on Internal Parameter Filtering of Natural Gas Pipeline under Duty Cycle Transmission Mechanism". Frontiers in Science and Engineering 2, n.º 6 (22 de junio de 2022): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/fse.v2i6.968.
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In recent years, with the continuous growth of China's long-distance oil and gas pipeline network, wireless communication network applications have become more and more extensive with the continuous promotion of intelligent oilfield construction, while the energy-saving problem in the process of information transmission has become increasingly prominent. In order to ensure the sustainable development of China's oil and gas industry, low-power wireless transmission has become a basic requirement for the current intelligent oil and gas pipeline communication construction. For the monitoring of pipeline operating conditions, pressure and flow rate values are important parameters. If the accuracy and comprehensiveness of pipeline operation data can be ensured simultaneously under an energy-efficient transmission mechanism, it will provide strong support for the green and safe operation of pipelines. Therefore, in this paper, a recursive filtering study is conducted for natural gas gathering pipeline flow system under duty cycle transmission mechanism to complete the reliable monitoring of pipeline fluid transportation status.
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Sun, Mengyuan, Yong Tian, Yao Zhang, Muhammad Nadeem y Can Xu. "Environmental Impact and External Costs Associated with Hub-and-Spoke Network in Air Transport". Sustainability 13, n.º 2 (6 de enero de 2021): 465. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13020465.
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Under the background of economic globalization, the air transport industry developed rapidly. It turns out that the city-to-city network has not been able to adapt well to the development of the society, and the hub-and-spoke network came into being. The hub-and-spoke network demonstrates the advantages of reducing the operating costs of airlines to keep a competitive advantage, and by maintaining the interests of airlines in the rapidly developing context. However, during the operation of aircrafts, they consume fuel and spew a great deal of harmful pollutants into the air, which has an adverse impact on the living environment. This paper explores the impact and external costs associated with hub-and-spoke network in air transport from an environmental perspective. With some mathematical models, we construct a hub-and-spoke network and take a quantitative study on the environmental impact of air transport. For calculating pollutant emissions, meteorological conditions were considered to revise the pollutant emission factors of the Engine Emissions Data Base (EEDB) published by International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). The environmental external costs measurement model is employed to calculate the externality of toxic gas and greenhouse gas (GHG). In order to make the study more convincing, two alternative networks are computed: hub-and-spoke network and city-to-city network. It is found that the hub-and-spoke network is associated with poorer environmental impact and environmental external costs because of the different network characteristics and the scale of the fleets. Therefore, under the general trend of green aviation, the environmental impact and environmental external costs associated with hub-and-spoke network in air transport provides a certain reference for airlines’ strategic decision-making.
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Wang, Kai, Kangnan Li y Feng Du. "Study on Prediction of Coal-Gas Compound Dynamic Disaster Based on GRA-PCA-BP Model". Geofluids 2021 (14 de octubre de 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/3508806.
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The intensity and depth of China’s coal mining are increasing, and the risk of coal-gas compound dynamic disaster is prominent, which seriously restricts the green, safe, and efficient mining of China’s coal resources. How to accurately predict the risk of disasters is an important basis for disaster prevention and control. In this paper, the Pingdingshan No. 8 coal mine is taken as the research object, and the grey relational analysis (GRA), principal component analysis (PCA), and BP neural network are combined to predict the coal-gas compound dynamic disaster. First, the weights of 13 influencing factors are sorted and screened by grey relational analysis. Next, principal component analysis is carried out on the influencing factors with high weight value to extract common factors. Then, the common factor is used as the input parameter of BP neural network to train the previous data. Finally, the coal-gas compound dynamic disaster prediction model based on GRA-PCA-BP neural network is established. After verification, the model can effectively predict the occurrence of coal-gas compound dynamic disaster. The prediction results are consistent with the actual situation of the coal mine with high accuracy and practicality. This work is of great significance to ensure the safe and efficient production of deep mines.
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Wang, Kai, Kangnan Li y Feng Du. "Study on Prediction of Coal-Gas Compound Dynamic Disaster Based on GRA-PCA-BP Model". Geofluids 2021 (14 de octubre de 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/3508806.
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The intensity and depth of China’s coal mining are increasing, and the risk of coal-gas compound dynamic disaster is prominent, which seriously restricts the green, safe, and efficient mining of China’s coal resources. How to accurately predict the risk of disasters is an important basis for disaster prevention and control. In this paper, the Pingdingshan No. 8 coal mine is taken as the research object, and the grey relational analysis (GRA), principal component analysis (PCA), and BP neural network are combined to predict the coal-gas compound dynamic disaster. First, the weights of 13 influencing factors are sorted and screened by grey relational analysis. Next, principal component analysis is carried out on the influencing factors with high weight value to extract common factors. Then, the common factor is used as the input parameter of BP neural network to train the previous data. Finally, the coal-gas compound dynamic disaster prediction model based on GRA-PCA-BP neural network is established. After verification, the model can effectively predict the occurrence of coal-gas compound dynamic disaster. The prediction results are consistent with the actual situation of the coal mine with high accuracy and practicality. This work is of great significance to ensure the safe and efficient production of deep mines.
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Khalil, Linta, Mughees Riaz, M. Arslan Iqbal Awan, M. Kamran Liaquat Bhatti, Rabbia Siddique y Saima Akram. "Optimal Network Reconfiguration in Presence of Renewable Distributed Generation Using Evolutionary Algorithm". Pakistan Journal of Engineering and Technology 4, n.º 2 (5 de junio de 2021): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.51846/vol4iss2pp38-43.
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Utilization of new technologies and people lifestyle has greatly affected the world’s electricity market. This demands to design innovative renewable energy systems for efficient use of green energy. In terms of greenhouse gas emissions, electricity from traditional energy supplies has become particularly harmful for the world. To decrease the reliance on fossil fuels, it is need of time to enhance the renewable energy integration in the conventional energy systems. Renewable DGs integration in existing energy systems is not a simple task. To overcome challenges caused by enhanced penetration of renewable energy systems in existing networks, adaptation of smart techniques is essential. DGs Optimal size and selection of their suitable location for integration is crucial for cost effective power delivery to the consumers without compromising the quality of power. This paper presents impartial performance management by optimal network reconfiguration in parallel with renewable DGs and selecting suitable size for reducing active power losses, pollutant gas emissions and costs of annual operation. For analysis of active power losses, Fuzzy and SPEA2 based algorithms are used in MATLAB with IEEE BUS14 acting as load bus. While the cost of power generation and pollutant gases emissions are estimated using HOMER Pro software.
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Hebda, Wiktor. "The North-South Gas Corridor in the Context of Poland’s Gas Transmission System—A Perfect Opportunity to Diversify Gas Resources". Energies 14, n.º 21 (2 de noviembre de 2021): 7188. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14217188.
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The energy sector in Poland is currently calling for dynamic redevelopment and cleaner energy. This country is world famous for its high level of coal production, from which it does not want to retreat in the next two decades. For this reason, it is safer to gradually reduce the use of coal while increasing the consumption of gas and simultaneously developing green energy. However, the Polish gas sector is still dependent on Russian gas supplied through the Yamal gas pipeline. Taking into consideration Polish geopolitics, this state of affairs poses a huge challenge and a threat to Poland’s energy security. That is why the concept of the North-South Gas Corridor was introduced. It is intended to be a network of gas pipelines that connect the countries of Central and South Europe to two gas terminals (in Poland and Croatia), which will supply gas from a chosen source. This article presents the current condition of the gas sector in Poland. It focuses on the North-South Gas Corridor project and its impact on the energy security of Poland. An analysis of documents and field research shows that the North-South Gas Corridor provides Poland with an opportunity to diversify the sources and directions of gas supply over the next few years.
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Françoso, Mariane Santos, Moritz Breul y Celio Hiratuka. "The spatial organization of oil and gas investments in South America: an analysis based on communities". Nova Economia 29, n.º 3 (diciembre de 2019): 795–815. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6351/4756.
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Abstract The global economy is organized in value chains, spatially and functionally fragmented. Despite this dispersion, the administrative activities of these chains continue to be concentrated in some cities, which play an important role in certain chains, because they concentrate companies and economic flows. The research on value chains has not focused on the city level and has adopted mainly case studies as the methodological approach. Considering this, we apply a network methodology to analyse the powerful cities in the South American oil and gas investment network, including the attributes that explain this position and the spatial extent of it. To perform this analysis, we use data on green and brownfield investments. Our results indicate that Rio de Janeiro is the most central city in this network, but its action is mainly concentrated in Brazil. This work seeks to contribute mainly to the methodological development of the studies in the area.
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Sun, Liyan, Li Yang y Junqi Zhu. "Prediction of Future State Based on Up-To-Date Information of Green Development Using Algorithm of Deep Neural Network". Complexity 2021 (8 de julio de 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9951869.
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In this study, the focus was on the development of green energy and future prediction for the consumption of current energy sources and green energy development using an improved deep learning (DL) algorithm. In addition to the analysis of the current energy consumption used for the natural gas and oil as fuel, deep neural network algorithm is used to train the system as well as to process the data obtained previously, ranging from literature from the year 2003 until the year 2019, for consumption of fuel. Also, using the proposed algorithm to predict the development of green energy consumption till 2030 is presented in terms of solar and wind generators. The resulting study also focuses on depletion of energy currently used or pollution caused because of it. The green energy controlling issue can take effect by using multiple layers of handling different features extracted from different sources and then learning the system to control it.This study aims to take advantage of carbon emissions to reduce their impact and dependence in the future on environmentally friendly renewable energies. Predicting the correct and precise amount of energy consumption and increasing the amount of environmentally friendly energy lead to a healthy ecosystem. The expected green energy consumption in the future is almost 78.25 EJ in 2030 and will be, in total energy average, 56% in 2045. The aim is to reduce dependency on costly and environmentally harmful fuels.
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Stephan, David Salomon, Uwe Werner y Carsten Fichter. "Electrical and Hydrogen Microgrid - Energy Control of a Self-Sufficient Supply System Based on a Combined Electrical and Hydrogen Distribution Grid". Industrie 4.0 Management 2022, n.º 1 (8 de febrero de 2022): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.30844/i40m_22-1_28-32.
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The main goal of assembling a self-sufficient microgrid is to integrate all technical equipment into an autonomous energy supply system as a virtual power plant (VPP). The system integration focuses on the power electronic devices and the combination of gas and electrical supply chains. The developed microgrid structure is fed from renewable energy systems (green hydrogen), the electrical grid and the H2 gas grid with a liquid or gaseous energy source. In comparison to an island grid, the microgrid can be operated in parallel mode with the common public grid. The associated challenges of transient energy flows and the holistic view of a regulated microgrid based on an electrical grid and an H2 gas network are part of this article.
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Danloup, Nicolas, Vahid Mirzabeiki, Hamid Allaoui, Gilles Goncalves, Denyse Julien y Carlos Mena. "Reducing transportation greenhouse gas emissions with collaborative distribution". Management Research Review 38, n.º 10 (19 de octubre de 2015): 1049–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mrr-11-2014-0262.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to study the potential for improving sustainability performance in food supply networks by implementing collaborative distribution. Food supply chains generate a significant portion of CO2 emissions, because of the large volume of food transportation and the large number and frequency of trips made to deliver food products to retail stores, making it available to the customers. Collaboration of partners in food supply chains will lead to reducing CO2 emissions. Design/methodology/approach – Such collaboration could be in the form of sharing trucks by retailers, to increase the fill rate of the vehicles and to reduce their empty running. A case study of the logistics network of a British company, distributing fruits and vegetables, is carried out. The company sends the products from a distribution centre to 27 retailers’ warehouses of 3 different companies in the UK. A simulation study is carried out to measure the reduced traveled distance for delivery of the products and the reduced amount of CO2 emissions across two different scenarios, as a result of implementing collaborative distribution. Findings – With this approach, the total CO2 emissions are able to be reduced by at least 26 per cent. Originality/value – The theoretical contribution of the paper is important both for showing the role of simulation and collaborative distribution for developing the green supply chain solutions management and their indicating to the applications to logistics and product delivery.
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Li, Tingzhu, Debin Du, Xueli Wang y Xionghe Qin. "Can Nuclear Power Products Mitigate Greenhouse Gas Emissions? Evidence from Global Trade Network". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, n.º 13 (25 de junio de 2022): 7808. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19137808.
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Since its birth, nuclear power has been a hot topic of academic research while being subject to much controversy. As a new green energy source with zero greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, nuclear power plays a vital role in combatting global climate change. Based on global databases and various empirical analysis methods, this study aimed to explore the changes in the global nuclear power product trade (GNT) network and its impact on GHG emissions from 2001 to 2018. The main findings are summarized as follows. (1) Global trade in nuclear power products and GHG emissions showed a non-linear and fluctuating growth during the research period. The geographical pattern of GNT not only has prominent spatial heterogeneity, but it also has some spatial reverse coupled with the spatial distribution of global GHG emissions. (2) The overall regression analysis finds that nuclear power product trade had a significant suppressive effect on global GHG emissions and had the greatest influence among all the selected variables. (3) As for the impact of the GNT network on GHG emissions, nuclear power product trade was better able to curb GHG emissions in countries with the dominate positions compared to those with affiliated positions, which reflects the heterogeneous effect of nuclear power product trade on GHG emissions. These results provide further evidence for the dialectical debate on whether nuclear power products contribute to GHG emissions reductions. This paper also provides corresponding recommendations for policymakers.
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Ahuja, Sanjay P. y Karthika Muthiah. "Survey of State-of-Art in Green Cloud Computing". International Journal of Green Computing 7, n.º 1 (enero de 2016): 25–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijgc.2016010102.
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Cloud computing is witnessing tremendous growth at one time when climate change and reducing emissions from energy use is gaining attention. With the growth of the cloud, however, comes an increase in demand for energy. There is growing global awareness about reducing greenhouse gas emissions and healthy environments. Green computing in general aims to reduce the consumption of energy and carbon emission and also to recycle and reuse the energy usage in a beneficial and efficient way. Energy consumption is a bottleneck in internet computing technology. Green cloud computing related technology arose as an improvement to cloud computing. Cloud data centers consume inordinate amounts of energy and have significant CO2 emissions as they have a huge network of servers. Furthermore, these data centers are tightly linked to provide high performance services, outsourcing and sharing resources to multiple users through the internet. This paper gives an overview about green cloud computing and its evolution, surveys related work, discusses associated integrated green cloud architecture – Green Cloud Framework, innovations, and technologies, and highlights future work and challenges that need to be addressed to sustain an eco-friendly cloud computing environment that is poised for significant growth.
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Salazar, John, Jose Guevara, Monica Espinosa, Felipe Rivera y Juan F. Franco. "Decarbonization of the Colombian Building Sector: Social Network Analysis of Enabling Stakeholders". Buildings 12, n.º 10 (26 de septiembre de 2022): 1531. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12101531.
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Reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is one of the main challenges to stopping climate change; in particular, the building sector acts as one of the main emitters. In response, governments have been developing nationally determined contributions (NDCs) and roadmaps to establish measures to achieve net-zero emissions. One of the main barriers to implementing these measures, particularly in the building sector, underlays in stakeholder integration. Through social network analysis (SNA) concepts, this research explores the roles of the actors whose participation is required in decarbonizing the Colombian building sector. These stakeholders engage in enabling categories (e.g., policy, finance, technology, and capacity development) required to achieve net-zero emissions, according to the goals proposed by the Colombian Green Building Council (CGBC). For the network analysis, we employ the results of semi-structured interviews led by the CGBC within the framework of the Zero Carbon Building Accelerator (ZCBA) project. Findings show highly interconnected networks characterized by redundant connections among actors. Three types of actors are identified within each enabler network: prominent actors with high centrality values, in charge of coordinating most of the actions required to achieve net-zero emissions; second-level actors limited to specific roles in policy-making processes; and perimeter actors focused on a few particular actions.
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Khalilzadeh, Mohammad y Hadis Derikvand. "A multi-objective supplier selection model for green supply chain network under uncertainty". Journal of Modelling in Management 13, n.º 3 (13 de agosto de 2018): 605–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jm2-06-2017-0062.
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Purpose Globalization of markets and pace of technological change have caused the growing importance of paying attention to supplier selection problem. Therefore, this study aims to choose the best suppliers by providing a mathematical model for the supplier selection problem considering the green factors and stochastic parameters. This paper aims to propose a multi-objective model to identify optimal suppliers for a green supply chain network under uncertainty. Design/methodology/approach The objective of this model is to select suppliers considering total cost, total quality parts and total greenhouse gas emissions. Also, uncertainty is tackled by stochastic programming, and the multi-objective model is solved as a single-objective model by the LP-metric method. Findings Twelve numerical examples are provided, and a sensitivity analysis is conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed mathematical model. Results indicate that with increasing market numbers and final product numbers, the total objective function value and run time increase. In case that decision-makers are willing to deal with uncertainty with higher reliability, they should consider whole environmental conditions as input parameters. Therefore, when the number of scenarios increases, the total objective function value increases. Besides, the trade-off between cost function and other objective functions is studied. Also, the benefit of the stochastic programming approach is proved. To show the applicability of the proposed model, different modes are defined and compared with the proposed model, and the results demonstrate that the increasing use of recyclable parts and application of the recycling strategy yield more economic savings and less costs. Originality/value This paper aims to present a more comprehensive model based on real-world conditions for the supplier selection problem in green supply chain under uncertainty. In addition to economic issue, environmental issue is considered from different aspects such as selecting the environment-friendly suppliers, purchasing from them and taking the probability of defective finished products and goods from suppliers into account.
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Gao, Chunyan. "Risk Assessment and Analysis of Biomass Energy Engineering Project Management under the Concept of Sustainable Development". Adsorption Science & Technology 2022 (13 de octubre de 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5323021.
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Energy is the foundation of national economic and social development. With the rapid development of the global economy, energy shortage has become an urgent problem for countries to solve, and it has gradually become a bottleneck restricting Chinese current and future development. The ecological environment pollution is caused by the development and utilization of traditional energy. The problem is getting worse. How to develop and utilize clean energy while improving the environment and reducing pollution has become one of the important issues that countries need to solve urgently. Biomass energy (referred to as biomass energy) is widely distributed, renewable, and easy-to-use green energy, and its effective development and utilization is of great strategic significance for driving the development of emerging energy industries, preventing global warming, and promoting the establishment of a circular society. Therefore, it is of great scientific, economic, and social significance to develop and utilize biomass energy efficiently, relieve the pressure of energy demand, improve the environment of the ecosystem, and ensure regional economic development. For this reason, this paper designs energy complementation and bidirectional coupling between gas-electric systems, highly nonlinear operation characteristics of gas network components, gas network pipeline leakage failure modes, and multiple failure modes of compressor stations and carries out probabilistic risk assessment of gas-electricity integrated energy system.
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Kosar, Natalia y Ya Yarychevska. "Threats and prospects for the development of operators in the market of light petroleum products of Ukraine". Management and Entrepreneurship in Ukraine: the stages of formation and problems of development 2021, n.º 2 (diciembre de 2021): 193–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/smeu2021.02.193.
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The study of the market of light petroleum products of Ukraine made it possible to establish that the market is highly competitive and is growing at an average pace. The main operators on it are FPG "Privat" (gas station networks "Avias", "ANP", "Sentosa Oil", etc.), PJSC "Ukrnafta" (gas station network "UKRNAFTA"), PEG "Continental" (gas station network "WOG"), JSC "Concern "Galnaftogaz" (gas station network "OKKO"). These companies, as well as international gas stations networks, occupy the best competitive positions in the market. In the nearest future, the entry of new companies into the market is not forecasted. Oil refinery companies in Ukraine import oil and products of its processing, and their own oil and gas fields are not developed. Foreign companies that develop their own fields (for example, Russian corporations) have a significant competitive advantage. Also, competitive advantages for operators in the light petroleum products market are the geographical distribution of filling stations, the presence of a strong brand, additional service for consumers, and a significant number of loyal consumers. It was found that such factors as the presence of bureaucratic aspects in decision-making in cooperation with the state, unfair competition in the market from illegal gas stations, a gradual increase in the number of electric vehicles, global fluctuations in oil prices, legislative restrictions, inflation, potential devaluation of the hryvnia, as well as the low purchasing power of consumers have a threatening impact on the market. Among the weaknesses of the industry was the exhaustiveness of the planet's oil resources, and among the opportunities - the development of its own fields or the gradual diversification of production towards adjacent markets (for example, the renewable energy market). Based on the analysis of the light petroleum products industry, it was established that horizontal and vertical diversification strategies are promising for JSC "Concern Galnaftogaz". According to them, the main marketing solutions of this enterprise can be aimed at creating new types of products (in particular, related to renewable energy), building solar power plants and wind farms on the company's own land plots, and full access to the renewable energy market. The advantage of these strategies is the minimization of risk since the market is partially known (JSC "Concern Galnaftogaz" owns a façade solar power plant on the building of the head office and "green" filling stations (filling stations with solar panels on roofs) in areas with a high level of solar insolation. The implementation of the diversification strategy also consists in expanding the range of products offered by JSC "Concern Galnaftogaz", for example, by providing such a new service as testing fuel samples in mobile laboratories for individuals who would be able to carry out their own fuel quality check offered by various filling stations.
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Thananusak, Trin, Prattana Punnakitikashem, Sitthichai Tanthasith y Boonying Kongarchapatara. "The Development of Electric Vehicle Charging Stations in Thailand: Policies, Players, and Key Issues (2015–2020)". World Electric Vehicle Journal 12, n.º 1 (25 de diciembre de 2020): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj12010002.
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This article explored the development of electric vehicle (EV) charging stations in Thailand between 2015 and 2020. This research aimed to study the main players and examine their goals, strategies, and operations in the EV charging business as well as the key issues that these charging operators have encountered in developing charging stations. The authors collected qualitative data (direct interviews with managers, video interviews, news, research articles, industry reports and press releases of EV charging operators) and used a constant comparison approach to analyze the data. The study found that after 2015, the Thai government created technology-push policies to kick-start the investment in the EV charging station business (such as subsidies for charging stations, setting a temporary selling price for electricity and building an EV charging consortium). The main players in the Thai charging business include: (1) oil and gas companies; (2) electricity state enterprises; (3) green energy companies; (4) start-ups; and (5) automotive companies. The goals of investing in the charging business for the oil and gas incumbents were to find a new growth engine and to prepare for the potential disruption in the energy sector whereas the green energy companies and start-ups wanted to capture customer bases in this promising industry. These players tended to use a partnership strategy to expand charging networks at key locations (malls, restaurants, offices). Regarding the key issues in expanding the EV charging network, the operators suggested that the high upfront investment costs, small number of EV users, and the high electricity prices (from the demand charge and usage guarantee fee) make them ‘wait-and-see’ and cautiously expand the charging network. Finally, we found that the government tried to address the constraints by setting up a national EV policy committee to accelerate EV adoption and EV charging stations in Thailand. The committee also set a fixed and reduced electricity price for charging operators.
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Gao, Fang, Chong Hai Wang, Ling Li, Da Qian Chen, Ping Zhai, Qi Hong Wei y Hong Sheng Wang. "Porous Silicon Nitride Microwave Transparent Material with Compounded Component Pore Former". Advanced Materials Research 105-106 (abril de 2010): 612–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.105-106.612.
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It is an effective way to decrease dielectric constant of microwave transparent materials by improving porosity rate. Network -Si3N4 porous transparent materials were prepared by gas pressure sintering (GPS) with Y2O3 additions. Porosity rate of silicon nitride using pore former with different content starch, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTEE) powder respectively and their compounded component were discussed in this paper. It is concluded that porosity rate can be improved by all the three, starch is most favorable to improve porosity but great volume rebound after cold iso-static pressing were happened and easily lead to crack of green body. Method of pore-making by step on principle of pore formers discharging in different temperature range used to get high strength and porosity green body. Series of porous silicon nitride microwave transparent materials were prepared with porosity rate from 48% to 67%, bending strength from 162MPa to 59MPa and dielectric constant from 3.41 to 2.37.
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Jinawat, Krit, Pham Duc Tai y Jirachai Buddhakulsomsiri. "A bi-objective model for determining an optimal warehouse capacity, and product allocation in a green multi-product, multi-period distribution network". International Journal of Applied Research in Management and Economics 4, n.º 3 (21 de febrero de 2021): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.33422/ijarme.v4i3.738.
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Nowadays, the growing trend of environmental concerns is significantly higher than in the past while the business also focuses on the supply chain more to serve the customer demand using the lowest resources possible which leads to two main decisions which are capacity, and product allocation. Therefore, this research aims at designing a multi-product, multi-period, and multi-echelon supply chain network with factories, internal warehouses, external warehouses, and customers while also trying to lower the environmental effect of the supply chain through gas emission. For this problem, large data of products and 20 periods of planning horizon of a real-world polymer industry are considered. The product deliveries use direct shipment from both internal and external warehouses. We develop bi-objective mixed-integer linear programming to find the most optimal product allocation and capacity while minimizing the total logistic costs which include warehouse and transportation cost and total emission through transportation. The problem is solved by the min-max approach through a mixed integer linear programming model using CPLEX software. After we get the result, we compare it with the single-objective model’s result to determine the trade-off between the total logistic cost and emission gas. Our base case result shows a better overall satisfaction level among all the models.
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Louhibi–Bouiri, Mounia y Messaoud Hachemi. "Methane emissions from the Algerian natural gas pipelines transportation: Exploring process to reduce environmental consequences". Energy & Environment 29, n.º 7 (24 de abril de 2018): 1247–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0958305x18772423.
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The global environmental community recognizes global warming as one of the major serious threats to the planet. The emissions of methane from natural gas transportation pipeline are an important factor for global warming. While being transported by pipeline, natural gas is often emitted to the atmosphere, either for depressurization (venting emissions) or leak through the pipeline (fugitive emission). Emissions of methane are of particular concern since the methane represents the major component of natural gas and a powerful greenhouse gas. The present study investigates the feasibility of gas venting mitigation, from the Algerian natural gas transportation network with pipeline pump-down technique, prior pipeline maintenance activities. First, we calculate the amount of methane released during venting operation from GZ3 40″ pipeline based on the weighted average pipe diameter and pressure in the pipeline section being repaired. We then estimate quantity of cost value of the gas recovered. We, thereafter, suggest a mobile compressor for saving this gas. The results obtained showed that using pump-down technique with portable compressor solution instead of venting mainly saves 54.873 million m3 of gas with gain net cost saving about 11.628 million USD. Avoiding the release of gas to the atmosphere during venting operations will be crucial to mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. For the developing countries, including Algeria, mitigating these emissions can provide green investments for the joint implementation Kyoto Protocol flexibility mechanism. This will contribute to sustainable development and additional economic benefits through carbon credit revenues and technology transfer from industrialized countries.
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Lo, S. L. Y., K. G. H. Kong, M. F. Tang, J. Sunarso y B. S. How. "Synthesis of bio-hydrogen supply network via graph-theoretic approach coupled with Monte Carlo simulation model". IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1257, n.º 1 (1 de octubre de 2022): 012011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1257/1/012011.
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Abstract The shift from fossil fuels-derived hydrogen (grey or brown hydrogen) to renewable energy-derived hydrogen (green hydrogen) production is essential to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 7 (SDG7) which aims to ensure the accessibility to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy. One of the renewable energy sources that have been extensively studied is the biomass-derived energy source. The abundance of palm oil mill effluent (POME) produced annually in Malaysia, poses a unique potential of them being utilized as an alternative renewable feedstock for biohydrogen production. Therefore, this project aims to synthesize an optimal bio-hydrogen supply network via the integration of graph-theoretic approach and Monte Carlo simulation model where palm oil mills serve as hydrogen sources, while the ammonia plants serve as hydrogen sinks. Monte Carlo simulation was performed for the top three ranked bio-hydrogen supply networks extracted from the P-graph model. The uncertainties incorporated in the Monte Carlo simulation model are natural gas price and hydrogen price. Using Sarawak as the case study, it was found that the first ranked solution extracted from the P-graph model had the higher mean NPV value of USD 1,202.12 million.
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Prajapati, Dhirendra, H. Chelladurai, Fuli Zhou, Andrew W. H. Ip y Saurabh Pratap. "Sustainable multi-products delivery routing network design for two-echelon supplier selection problem in B2B e-commerce platform". RAIRO - Operations Research 56, n.º 4 (julio de 2022): 2115–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ro/2022072.
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This paper examines the environmental impact produced by multi-vehicle transportation on a sustainable supply chain (SC) network. The relevance of green principles is gaining momentum day by day, which has forced the governments to introduce carbon emission schemes for the transportation associated with the firms. Various countries around the globe are introducing carbon-pricing schemes, in which a carbon tax is imposed based on the amount of anthropogenic emissions. A firm, which sets environmental standards for the emission associated with its operational activities, should design a transportation network based on the trade-off between its economic efficiency and the carbon emission. In this paper, the main focus is to design a sustainable supply chain network. A mixed-integer-non-linear-programming (MINLP) model is formulated to minimize the overall cost incurred in a multi-vehicle, multi-product sustainable transportation network. The meta-heuristic approach i.e., Hybrid Chemical Reaction Optimization Algorithm with Tabu search (CRO-TS) and LINGO solver have been used to solve the proposed model. This analysis can guide the government to encourage the logistics service providers to capitalize on anthropogenic gas emission systems and simultaneously design the tax policy on carbon emission.
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Jiang, Jiaming y Yu Zhao. "Technology Trend Analysis of Japanese Green Vehicle Powertrains Technology Using Patent Citation Data". Energies 16, n.º 5 (24 de febrero de 2023): 2221. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16052221.
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As automobiles are major contributors to greenhouse gas emissions, the technological shift towards vehicle powertrain systems is an attempt to lower problems such as emissions of carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides. Patent data are the most reliable measure of business performance for applied research and development activities when investigating knowledge domains or technology evolution. This is the first study on Japanese patent citation data of the green vehicle powertrains technology industry, using the social network analysis method, which emphasizes centrality estimates and community detection. This study not only elucidates the knowledge by visualizing flow patterns but also provides a precious and congregative method for verifying important patents under the International Patent Classification system and grasping the trend of the new technology industry. This study detects leading companies, not only in terms of the number of patents but also the importance of the patents. The empirical result shows that the International Patent Classification (IPC) class that starts with “B60K”, which includes hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) and battery electric vehicle (BEV), is more likely to be the technology trend in the green vehicle powertrains industry.
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Bima, Al, Sirojul Hadi, M. Najmul Fadli, Nurul Hidayah y Lalu Danu Prima Arzani. "Designing a Honey Quality Tool Based on Gas Sensor and Color Sensor". International Journal of Engineering and Computer Science Applications (IJECSA) 1, n.º 2 (30 de septiembre de 2022): 94–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.30812/ijecsa.v1i2.2407.
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Honey has many benefits. Thus, honey counterfeiting often occurs with the ever-increasing demand. However, many do not know how to distinguish between real and fake honey, even honey breeders and hunters find it difficult to tell the difference. The honey used to test the quality of honey is honey produced by Apis dorsata bees or wild bees, the nectar consumed by these bees is the kesambi tree, the kesambi tree that grows a lot on the slopes of Mount Tambora, Bima district. Honey contains a lot of antioxidants such as vitamin C, pinocembrin, chrysin, pinobaksin, catalase, and many other ingredients that are very beneficial for the health of the body. Testing the authenticity of honey using two sensors, namely a gas sensor and a color sensor, the tool has been connected to a database and web application to display test data. The web application can be accessed from any location as long as it is connected to the internet network. The results of the research are the ideal distance for measurements is carried out as far as 2 cm. The success rate in testing pure honey with a mixture of honey has different values, such as the value of pure honey has a gas sensor voltage of 3.3 volts while the value of mixed honey with 50% pure honey and 50% sugar, the value of the gas sensor voltage is 2.54 volts. Mixed honey has a voltage below 3 volts. The results of the color sensor test, namely the sensor output have different values, the RGB value for pure honey is red 206, green 246, and blue 182 while the RGB value for mixed honey is for 20% pure honey and 80% sugar mixture produces an RGB value of Red 156, Green 210, Blue 171. The color sensor can distinguish between real honey and mixed honey for trigona honey.
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Aranguren, Maria, Krystel Castillo-Villar, Mario Aboytes-Ojeda y Marcio Giacomoni. "Simulation-Optimization Approach for the Logistics Network Design of Biomass Co-Firing with Coal at Power Plants". Sustainability 10, n.º 11 (20 de noviembre de 2018): 4299. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10114299.
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This work proposes a hybrid scheme that combines a simulation model and a mathematical programming model for designing logistic networks for co-firing biomass, specifically switchgrass, in conventional coal-fired power plants. The advantages of co-firing biomass include: (1) the creation of green jobs; (2) the efficient use of current power plant infrastructure; (3) fostering the penetration of renewable energy into power networks; and, (4) the reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The novelty of this work lies in the inclusion of (1) the inherent variability of biomass supply at the parcel level, and (2) the effects of climate change on future biomass supply when designing a feedstock logistic network. The design optimization is conducted at the farm/parcel level (most, if not all, previous works have used county level average data) and integrates the crop growth predictions employing United States Department of Agriculture’s (USDA’s) Agricultural Land Management with Numerical Assessment Criteria (ALMANAC) simulation model; the output of the simulations is input into the mixed integer linear programming (MILP) hub-and-spoke model to minimize the overall cost of the logistic network. Specifically, the MILP-based model selects the parcels and depot locations as well as biomass transportation flows by taking into consideration different types of soil, land cover characteristics, and predicted yields, which account for both historical and forecasted weather data. The hybrid methodology was tested by solving realistic situations, which considered varying weather conditions. The gross results indicate that the optimized logistic network enabled meeting a 20% biomass co-firing rate demand, which reduced 1,158,867 Mg per year in GHG emissions by co-firing with biomass.
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Adacher, Ludovica y Marco Tiriolo. "Performance Analysis of Decentralized VS Centralized Control for the Traffic Signal Synchronization Problem". Journal of Advanced Transportation 2020 (9 de noviembre de 2020): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8873962.
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This paper suggests the adoption of a spatial decomposition method to solve the signal synchronization problem. A good signal setting maximizes the number of vehicles passing through intersections, while minimizing gas emissions and possible delays experienced by drivers. The signals synchronization issue can be defined as the problem of finding the offsets, the green timings, and the cycle length for a series of controlled intersections, minimizing the total delay of the network subject to admissibility constraints. In this paper, the authors optimized the signal setting through a new Surrogate Method calculating the objective function via the CTM UT model while performing a simulation. A spatial decomposition approach is here suggested with a simultaneous analysis of different levels of cooperation among subnetworks. This study tries to identify a subnetwork that might be representative of the entire network while taking into consideration two factors: efficiency and efficacy. A comparison between centralized and decentralized control is performed.
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Al-Baai, Murtadha Sadi, Muthanna M. Abdulhameed Al-Bayati, Hossein Etemad Fard y Hisham M. Jawad Al Sharaa. "Land-use change detection between the master plan and the current state by using GIS and RS the case study of the city Al-Hay". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1129, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2023): 012005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1129/1/012005.
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Abstract The expansions of cities and continuous urbanization have prepared comprehensive urban plans necessary. The important thing about these plans is to determine their success, efficiency, and feasibility. The expansion of the city comes because of the population increase or investment. When the expansion of cities precedes the updating of its master plans and the development of alternative plans to accommodate these expansions, it is normal that finds irregularities in use and differences between the master plan and real land use. Therefore, the main purpose of this paper is to examine the extent of illegal changes in the current situation in comparison with master plans. Also, the efficiency of artificial neural network models is evaluated to predict illegal land-use changes. The old master plan (1990-2010) and the new one (2010-2030) was used with two high-resolution satellite images dated 2010 and 2018. To determine changes between the status quo and the uses defined in the master plan, the required information tables were completed by field visit with questioner made for Al-hay City. Neural network models were used to evaluate the survey, data was divided into two parts training and testing then a neural network model was performed on them after testing the results using the neural network model, the results present that the accuracy of about 85% for the old master plan and pass 91% for the updated master plan. The largest percentage of differences between the real use and master plan for the year 2010 was in (Religious use, Parking, Gas stations, then government use, green areas, educational use, and residential), but note that the largest percentage of differences between the real use and master plan for the year 2018 were in (Religious use, Athletic use, Green areas, then commercial and governmental uses).
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Jarmouni, Ezzitouni, Ahmed Mouhsen, Mohammed Lamhammedi y Zakarya Benizza. "Energy management in connected and disconnected mode of a photovoltaic system with a battery storage using an artificial neural network technique". Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 23, n.º 1 (1 de julio de 2021): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v23.i1.pp54-62.
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In order to reduce the inconvenience resulting from the use of the traditional energy sources (oil, gas and coal), the integration of renewable energy sources is among the better solutions. With the integration of green energy sources, there are several strategies that can be adopted, including the combination of clean energy sources (solar, wind, and biomass) with each other, or the combination of renewable sources with conventional sources. In this article, we focus on a photovoltaic system allowing the storage of energy in a battery with a coupling to the electrical grid. In order to overcome the problems related to the random operation that accompanies the use of photovoltaic systems, we have developed a control technique based on the use of artificial neural network technology. The complete system was designed and simulated on MATLAB Simulink.
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Magyari, József, Krisztina Hegedüs y Botond Sinóros-Szabó. "Integration Opportunities of Power-to-Gas and Internet-of-Things Technical Advancements: A Systematic Literature Review". Energies 15, n.º 19 (23 de septiembre de 2022): 6999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15196999.
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As renewable electricity integration generates grid-balancing challenges for network operators, new ways of grid resilience receive significant attention from the energy research community. Power-to-gas (P2G) applications could produce and use green hydrogen. Thus, they enable the integration of more renewable energy into the energy system. Meanwhile, Internet-of-things (IoT) solutions could optimize renewable energy applications in decentralized systems. Despite the strategic importance of both technologies in renewable-rich grid developments, opportunities for P2G advancements based on IoT and related solutions have not come to the forefront of renewable energy research. To fill in this research gap, this study presents a hybrid (thematic and critical) systematic literature review to explore how strategic co-specialization opportunities appear in recent publications. Findings suggest that P2G and IoT could be fundamentally linked within the proposed frameworks of multi-energy systems and energy internet, but further empirical research is needed regarding their operative and strategic integration (e.g., cost reduction, risk management and policy incentives).
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Müller-Buschbaum, Klaus. "3D-[Pr(Im)3(ImH)]@ImH: Ein dreidimensionales Netzwerk mit vollständiger Stickstoffkoordination aus einer Imidazolschmelze / 3D-[Pr(Im)3(ImH)]@ImH: A Three-Dimensional Network with Complete Nitrogen Coordination Obtained from an Imidazole Melt". Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 61, n.º 7 (1 de julio de 2006): 792–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2006-0704.
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The reaction of a melt of unsubstituted imidazole with praseodymium metal yields bright green crystals of 3D-[Pr(Im)3(ImH)]@ImH. Imidazolate ligands coordinate η1 via both N atoms their 1,3 positioning within the heterocycle being responsible for the connection of praseodymium atoms. A 3-dimensional network is formed with imidazole molecules from the melt intercalated in the crystal structure. The imidazole molecules can be released and temperature dependent reversibly be exchanged with gas molecules including argon. Thus the solvent free high temperature synthesis of rare earth elements with amine melts can also be utilized for “crystal engineering” and the synthesis of compounds with material science aspects. Furthermore 3D-[Pr(Im)3(ImH)]@ImH is the first unsubstituted imidazolate of the lanthanides.
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Zarean Dowlat Abadi, Javad, Mohammad Iraj, Ensieh Bagheri, Zeynab RabieiPakdeh y Mohammad Reza Dehghani Tafti. "A Multiobjective Multiproduct Mathematical Modeling for Green Supply Chain considering Location-Routing Decisions". Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2022 (25 de mayo de 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7009338.
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Global warming and environmental pollution are concepts that are more or less encountered in the news and newspapers today. Protecting the environment is crucial to the survival of humanity and the many plant and animal species that inhabit the planet. Lack of control of greenhouse gases can increase the average surface temperature and lead to floods and serious damage in the near future. On the other hand, overproduction of plastics by factories can lead to environmental pollution and the destruction of many food cycles on Earth. In this study, in order to sustainability integrate issues in supply chain network design decisions, a multiobjective optimization model is presented, which is a two-level routing location problem and optimizes economic and environmental goals. The first level is decisions related to the selection of operating facilities from a set of potential facilities (manufacturers and distribution centers), and the second level is related to determining the number of products from distribution centers to retailers and from manufacturers to distribution centers. The objective function is also of the minimization type, which is related to minimizing fixed and variable costs, and minimizing the environmental effects of the whole chain, which includes reducing the costs of greenhouse gas and carbon emissions.