Artículos de revistas: "Grass root economy"

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Bachtiar, Yannefri. "Posdaya Bina Sejahtera Kota Bogor sebagai Model Pemberdayaan Kemandirian Masyarakat Akar Rumput". Agrokreatif Jurnal Ilmiah Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat 2, n.º 1 (20 de octubre de 2016): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/agrokreatif.2.1.31-38.

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As a part of the concern to the grass root society, Bogor Agricultural University had been established family empowerment station (Posdaya) the model of community development since 2007. The purpose of Posdaya is to increase the capacity of grass root society to fulfil their need of live by their social capital development. For this purposes the action research was done to explore the appropriate strategy for social facilitation approach in developing their capacity in education, health, economy, and environment. Until 2010, there was 106 Posdaya at Bogor, Cianjur, and Sukabumi area. Posdaya Bina Sejahtera Kelurahan Pasir Mulya Bogor was one of a good example in developing Posdaya that has been established at 8th May 2007. In the initiative phase, several activities had been done, included survey of the potency of community development, mini-workshop, meeting, training, coordinating, and empowering. In the implementation phase, several result had been yielded included organizational establishment, action plan, readiness of cadre, core activities development in education (pre-school and moving library), health services (post health services, geriatric health services, children family planning), economy (syari’ah microfinance institutionalization, small business for food production, and handy-craft), environment (environmental based agribusiness and household waste management). Action research concluded that Posdaya was empowerment strategy in developing grass root society by bottom up program on their self-reliance capacity in using local and potential resources. Posdaya was the institutionalization of social capital that relevant to the need of grass root society in developing education, health, economy, and environment. By these approach Posdaya considered as a proved model of community development in developing both physical and non physical of the society.

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Meisina, Bordoni, Vercesi, Maerker, Ganimede, Reguzzi, Capelli, Mazzoni, Simoni y Gagnarli. "Effects of Vineyard Inter-Row Management on Soils, Roots and Shallow Landslides Probability in the Apennines, Lombardy, Italy". Proceedings 30, n.º 1 (25 de diciembre de 2019): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019030041.

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Cultivation of grapevines in sloping soils is very widespread all over the world, representing also a fundamental branch of the local economy of several hilly zones. Vineyards can be managed in different ways especially the inter-rows. These management practices may influence deeply soil properties and grapevine root development. Therefore, this work aims to analyze the effects of different agronomical practices of inter-rows on soil properties, grapevine root systems and proneness towards shallow landslides. We focused on traditional agricultural techniques of tillage and permanent grass cover as well as the alternation of these two practices between adjacent inter-rows. The studied parameters were: (i) soil physical and hydrological properties; (ii) soil biodiversity; (iii) root density; (iv) root mechanical properties and root reinforcement; (v) probability of occurrence of shallow landslides. The research was conducted in several test-sites of the Oltrepò Pavese (Lombardy region, north-western Italy), one of the most important Italian zones for wine production in northern Italian Apennines. Among the examined soil properties, soil hydraulic conductivity was the most influenced one by different soil management practices. The absence of soil tillage allowed to increase superficial (first 0.2 m of soil) hydraulic conductivity, as a consequence of higher macroporosity and amount in organic matter. Within the soil biological features, soil microarthropod communities showed more complexity where permanent grass cover or alternation management of the inter-rows were applied. Regarding the features of the grapevine root system, vineyards with alternation management of inter-rows had the highest root density and the strongest root reinforcement, of up to 45% in comparison to permanent grass cover, and up to 67–73% in comparison to tilled vineyards. As a consequence, slopes with medium steepness (10–18°) were unstable if inter-rows of vineyards were tilled, while vineyards with permanent grass cover or alternation in the inter rows promoted the stability of slopes with higher steepness (> 21–25° for vineyards with permanent grass cover in the inter rows, 28–33° for vineyards with alternation). The results of this study yielded important information to establish effective management practices of vineyards such as conserving organic matter and reducing slope instabilities by a better development of the root apparatus. Possible land use managements acting as mitigation measures for shallow landslides susceptibility could be also implemented. This work was supported by the project Oltrepò BioDiverso, funded by Fondazione Cariplo in the frame of AttivAree Program.

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Zhang, Nan. ""The New Economy and the Old Morality": Reimagining a Liberal Culture in Howards End". MFS Modern Fiction Studies 69, n.º 3 (septiembre de 2023): 393–416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/mfs.2023.a905743.

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Abstract: Attentive to the transmutation of British liberalism as a political philosophy in the early twentieth century, this essay examines how E. M. Forster's Howards End brings together multiple intellectual sources that trouble standard divisions between liberal and conservative affiliations in reimagining a liberal culture. From the root and branch image of the wych-elm to the "sweetness and light" (79) of the grass, and to the "little platoon" (136) of Howards End, the essay offers fresh interpretations of Forster's novel and reconnects his work with a group of thinkers as diverse as Edmund Burke, William Gladstone, Herbert Spencer, Matthew Arnold, Hobhouse, and John Maynard Keynes.

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Marczak, Daria, Krzysztof Lejcuś, Iwona Lejcuś y Jakub Misiewicz. "Sustainable Innovation: Turning Waste into Soil Additives". Materials 16, n.º 7 (6 de abril de 2023): 2900. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16072900.

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In recent years, a dynamic increase in environmental pollution with textile waste has been observed. Natural textile waste has great potential for environmental applications. This work identifies potential ways of sustainably managing natural textile waste, which is problematic waste from sheep farming or the cultivation of fibrous plants. On the basis of textile waste, an innovative technology was developed to support water saving and plant vegetation- biodegradable water-absorbing geocomposites (BioWAGs). The major objective of this study was to determine BioWAG effectiveness under field conditions. The paper analyses the effect of BioWAGs on the increments in fresh and dry matter, the development of the root system, and the relative water content (RWC) of selected grass species. The conducted research confirmed the high efficiency of the developed technology. The BioWAGs increased the fresh mass of grass shoots by 230-420% and the root system by 130-200% compared with the control group. The study proved that BioWAGs are a highly effective technology that supports plant vegetation and saves water. Thanks to the reuse of waste materials, the developed technology is compatible with the assumptions of the circular economy and the goals of sustainable development.

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Hasan, Md Mahmud y Jobayda Gulshan Ara. "Political Economy of Local Level Budgeting in Bangladesh: A Critical Analysis". Space and Culture, India 10, n.º 2 (29 de septiembre de 2022): 16–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.20896/saci.v10i2.1281.

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Accompanying the estimation of revenue and expenditure, the local level budget manifests a grassroots area's development plan for a defined period. In Bangladesh, the Union Parishad (UP), the lowest tier of local government, is obliged to prepare its annual budget by ensuring people's participation through various mechanisms and committees following the Local Government (Union Parishad) Act, 2009. With this background, the study explores the UPs' budgeting procedure to identify the influential actors and effectiveness of people's participation from political economy perspectives. Following the qualitative case study approach, this study was conducted on the four Union Parishads in Sylhet, Sunamganj, Cumilla and Narsingdi districts. It follows the in-depth interview and Focus Group Discussion techniques to collect primary data from the UP chairman, members, Upazila Nirbahi Officers (UNO), and other members of various UP committees. The finding shows that mechanisms like Ward Committee (WC), Ward Shava (WS), Standing Committee (SC), Planning Committee (PC) and Social Mapping for ensuring people's participation are not working accordingly. In most cases, these committees are confined to the papers. In practice, the budgeting procedure is dominated by the politically and economically empowered groups, e.g. UP chairman and his allies, ruling party members, local elites and bureaucrats, which is hindering the socio-economic development at the grass-root level in Bangladesh.

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Setiawan, Ikwan, Albert Tallapessy y Andang Subaharianto. "The Mobilization of Using Cultures and Local Government’s Political-Economy Goals in Post-Reformation Banyuwangi". Jurnal Humaniora 29, n.º 1 (27 de febrero de 2017): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jh.22561.

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This article deals with an ethnic identity-based-power through the mobilization of Using cultures in Banyuwangi under local government policies in post-Reformation. By juxtaposing Foucauldian discourse, Gramscian hegemony, and political economy perspective, we discuss some cultural projects conducted by two Banyuwangi regents in post-Reformation periods, Samsul Hadi (2000-2005) and Abdullah Azwar Anas (2010-2015 and re-elected for 2016-2021 period). With different emphasized aspects, both of them created programs, which incorporated and mobilized Using cultures for accomplishing their political economy goals. Samsul legalized Using cultural expression, such as a local dance and language, as the way to strengthen the dominant-ethnic identity and reach consensus for his political authority. In more sparkling activities, Anas has transformed Using identity into various carnival programs, which, in one side, have supported tourism industry and, in other side, have helped him in gaining consensus for his hegemonic position. However, in the context of real cultural empowerment, those programs have not given positive effect for the cultural worker in the grass root.

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Setiawan, Ikwan, Albert Tallapessy y Andang Subaharianto. "The Mobilization of Using Cultures and Local Government’s Political-Economy Goals in Post-Reformation Banyuwangi". Jurnal Humaniora 29, n.º 1 (27 de febrero de 2017): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jh.v29i1.22561.

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This article deals with an ethnic identity-based-power through the mobilization of Using cultures in Banyuwangi under local government policies in post-Reformation. By juxtaposing Foucauldian discourse, Gramscian hegemony, and political economy perspective, we discuss some cultural projects conducted by two Banyuwangi regents in post-Reformation periods, Samsul Hadi (2000-2005) and Abdullah Azwar Anas (2010-2015 and re-elected for 2016-2021 period). With different emphasized aspects, both of them created programs, which incorporated and mobilized Using cultures for accomplishing their political economy goals. Samsul legalized Using cultural expression, such as a local dance and language, as the way to strengthen the dominant-ethnic identity and reach consensus for his political authority. In more sparkling activities, Anas has transformed Using identity into various carnival programs, which, in one side, have supported tourism industry and, in other side, have helped him in gaining consensus for his hegemonic position. However, in the context of real cultural empowerment, those programs have not given positive effect for the cultural worker in the grass root.

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K, Rangasubramanian. "TOWARDS A DIGITAL INDIA: AN OVERVIEW OF CHALLENGES, SUCCESSES AND OPPORTUNITIES". International Journal of Advanced Research 9, n.º 02 (28 de febrero de 2021): 874–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/12528.

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As one of the worlds foremost emerging markets, India holds great potential in areas of trade, technology, innovation and manufacturing. An important facilitator for this would be the digital connectivity and permittivity in the country. Digitalization of processes and services across its length and breadth would help pave the way for more industrialization and development in the fastest growing economy. It is important to note that India has made rapid strides in this and achieved a lot of digital permittivity. While the huge population of India and its industrious populace offer a huge opportunity in this direction, many challenges remain in navigating this path. Digitalization ultimately has to reach the grass root level and this paper examines these aspects on a broad scale.

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Anh, Nguyen Thi. "One Village One Product (OVOP) in Japan to One Tambon One Product (OTOP) in Thailand: Lessons for Grass Root Development in Developing Countries". Journal of Social and Development Sciences 4, n.º 12 (31 de diciembre de 2013): 529–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jsds.v4i12.794.

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Following the 1997 Asian Financial Crisis, Thailandâ€™s economy which did rely on external capital and resources suffered from an imbalanced economic growth. As a solution to the economic restructuring process, endogenous development concept proved to be an alternative development paradigm which prioritizes the community development, human empowerment in the transformation of local resources. Accordingly, One Tambon One Product (OTOP) was designed to unlock grass-root potentials by generating income through developing local products in a national, regional, and global scale. This initiative was first developed under the name of One Village One Product (OVOP) by local people in the poorest Oita Prefecture, Japan in 1961. The aim of the paper is to compare two development models of OVOP and OTOP. The comparative study draws useful lessons from the experience of OTOP for future applications of the OVOP model in developing economies. The paper finds that there are inevitable differences in terms of administration, finance management, human resource management, and marketing promotion management between bottom-up OVOP in Japan and top-down OTOP because of social diversity, political culture, and economic capability in Thailand. The paper contributes to provide a comparative study into models of sustainable development in the context of increasing gap between the urban and rural in globalization.

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Agrawal, Reena. "Constraints And Challenges Faced By Women Entrepreneurs In Emerging Market Economy And The Way Forward". JWEE, n.º 3-4 (17 de diciembre de 2018): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.28934/jwee18.34.pp1-19.

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It is well acknowledged fact thatentrepreneurship is an engine of economic growth and social development. Women entrepreneurship though has been growing around the world, but the evidences suggest that women entrepreneurscontinue to be adversely affected by the numerous socio-economic issues in the male dominated business societies, which hugely undermine the morale of women entrepreneurs.The current study was taken up to investigate the working of twenty sevenwomen entrepreneurs working on micro and small levels, in different areas of Uttar Pradesh (India), who have created employment opportunities for thousands of people living at grass root level and also created new prospects for the rural artisans in theirregion. The study aims to explore the various the obstacles faced by the women entrepreneurs working in different areas of Uttar Pradesh (India),analyze the impact of the prevailing constraints and challenges on the progress of these women entrepreneurs, and recommend the aspects that he to be looked into by the policy makers, to address the issues and challenges. It is also anticipated that the findings will bring to light valuable insights, which might be used by the policymakers, organization and institutions who intend to assist more and more entrepreneurs, especially women entrepreneurs, to venture into businesses. The study revealed multifarious constraints and challenges faced by the women during their entrepreneurial journey. In the current study we have tried to classify these constraints into four broad categories: Socio-Cultural Issues; Economic Issues; Psychological Issues and Managerial Issues.

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Kumar Dey, Sanjeeb y Debabrata Sharma. "DOES ACCESS TO STOCK MARKET IMPACT THE FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF SMALL ENTERPRISES? EVIDENCE FROM SMES LISTED IN BOMBAY STOCK EXCHANGE". International Journal of Advanced Research 9, n.º 03 (31 de marzo de 2021): 282–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/12581.

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SMEsare the backbone of any country asthey grow at the grass root level which increase the earnings of the country and reduce unemployment problem too.It is one of the dynamic and most vibrant sectors of Indian economy. Over the last few decades, SMEs have played a crucial role in mobilising the local resources effectively. However, among the many difficulties, access to finance is widely recognized as one of the main hurdles in the growth and development path of the SMEs. After 2012, SMEs are allowed to float their shares through stock exchanges i.e., NSE EMERGE and BSE SME. The present paperattempts to study the impact of stock market accessibility by SMEs on various parameters of financial performance.In this paper, we tried to study whether getting listed on the stock exchange have improved the performance of selected SMEs or not. For this purpose, we considered the SME units who have issued IPOs during the year 2015 and the economic performance of the selected enterprises are measured with the help of ROA, ROE, NPM, CR, DE and EPS. We found that getting listed on the stock exchange did not improve the performance of selected SMEs.

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SENSANG, PHONGAMPHAI, TAVICHAKON JOMVONG, RUTHAPHAN SANTIANOTAI y WICHAI CHATTINNAWAT. "NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK BASED ON UNIVERSITYCOMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT: A CASE OF THAILAND OTOP PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT FOR ELDERLY". JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABILITY SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT 18, n.º 4 (30 de abril de 2023): 29–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.46754/jssm.2023.04.003.

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One Tambon One Product (OTOP), Thailand’s economic development program has been used to support the local economy, create incomes on the grass root for the locals, and be one of the successful engines to drive local and country economies, which create business opportunities for the locals. This research demonstrates how the new OTOP development related to the role and cooperation between different parties, especially the university and the community that owns the OTOP product can be implemented. This research project is one of the University-community engagement projects to study and initiate OTOP product development from the three provinces of Chiang Mai, Lumphun and Lampang. This collaborative product development leads to three new and innovative products of OTOP based on the large survey and focus group of 1,275 elderly consumers. The value creation technique from local culture was employed to innovate the new products. This research developed the framework consisting of the three strategic stages of development. The cross-collaboration team are the main enabler. The OTOP cooperative ecosystem was tested and it found that this ecosystem can reciprocally benefit all the staffs including help configuring the organisation context and its entrepreneurship.

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Wang, Sheng Xian, Mei Hua Zhang y Xian Jing Ren. "The Formation of Micro Grassroots Environmental NGO - The Best Choice for Non-Governmental Environmental Protection in China". Advanced Materials Research 807-809 (septiembre de 2013): 897–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.807-809.897.

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With Chinas reform and opening up, the third sector which has universally grown up during the 1980s started to spread into China. Chinese environmental protection NGO is still at starting level although China possesses kinds of environmental protection NGO including official environmental organizations, the international environmental protection NGO institutions, grassroots environmental NGO, school environmental clubs and other forms of environmental NGO. Since we do not have mature democracy and free market economy in China, it is not a good choice to join in the environmental protection NGO for those Chinese citizens who hope to improve the situation of the environment through actions. A 3-5-person non-governmental micro environmental protection NGO will have more powerful efficiency, vitality and creativity because it can avoid defects such as inheritance, legitimacy and energy dispersion. The future of Chinese environmental protection consists in the citizens awareness of building the micro grass-root environmental protection NGO.

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Cumo, F., P. Maurelli, E. Pennacchia y F. Rosa. "Urban Renewable Energy Communities and Energy Poverty: a proactive approach to energy transition with Sun4All project". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1073, n.º 1 (1 de septiembre de 2022): 012011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1073/1/012011.

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Abstract The transition to an environmentally sustainable, low-carbon economy requires fundamental transformations in various sectors such as industry, technology, and especially in society as a whole. Adopting and encouraging community energy are the key policies to facilitate sustainable energy and ecological and social transition. The Sun4All methodology aims at the design, promotion and building of energy communities based on solidarity, to contrast energy poverty and foresee the engagement of vulnerable households that normally have many difficulties in becoming active members of an energy sharing project realising PV plants. The selection of the beneficiaries’ families in the urban context is a process both technical, including socio-territorial GIS-based analysis, and social, activating the participation of grass-root associations, local schools, and facilitators. The strategic role of the municipality is coherent with the SECAP and results in the offers of several public building roofs with PV plants that are the cores of the Sun4all Energy Communities and will ensure the delivery of economic benefits for the vulnerable households, while through workshops, site visits to the plants, and communication activities will increase the citizens’ knowledge. The purpose of this paper is to explore the benefits that go far beyond energy efficiency, which is only the starting point.

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Khobragade, Sweksha mahendra y Rekha Acharya. "Obstacles in Economic Growth of Madhya Pradesh". Journal of Global Economy 12, n.º 3 (24 de septiembre de 2016): 195–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1956/jge.v12i3.422.

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In any country, the fruits of economic growth transfers up to grass root level through various channels and modes. In India there is three tier system of transferring resources- especially financial resources - central government to states and from states to local bodies. This system has been questioned by different researchers from time to time as this flow of resources is not smooth but skewed. Many time gaps are observed between projections and actual receipts. This time lag pushed the development on back foot. This paper has analysed the trend and gaps in the financial transfers from centre to states. Further, it tried to identify hurdles on the ground of financial allocation to the state by finance commission. The analysis is based on the secondary sources of information. We have divided the administration in three tier- central, state and local bodies. The trend and gap in the financial allocation by the central government to the state and the state to the local bodies shows delay in disbursement. The funds flow from higher level governments to the lower level government is very week and lack devolution design or principle. This creates hindrance in the economic growth of the state. The results reveal higher actual expenditure than the approved plan due to gap between central and state financing. This indicates the deficit financing, increased burden and uneven growth in the economy. It may also imply a response to increasing inequalities in per capita incomes within state.

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Smouts, Marie-Claude. "L'Afrique dans la diplomatie multilatérale". Études internationales 22, n.º 2 (12 de abril de 2005): 267–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/702838ar.

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The difficulties Africa is going through are illustrated in the gap between its growing dependence on international authorities and the continual weakening of the means at its disposal to make it self heard in these bodies. For twenty years, Africa was caught up in the North-South dialogue. In the 1980s, the breaking-off of the dialogue and the breaking-up of the Third World deprived it of means for collective action. The distinction between North Africa and Black Africa has grown more pronounced as first the globalization of markets and then the changes in East-West relations caused the latter to fall victim to a process of double marginalization. International organizations consider Subsaharan Africa to be a "welfare case" and reserve special treatment for it, without loosening the external constraints bearing down on its economy. In these conditions, a consensus seems to be developing which holds that multilateral diplomacy is not what's most important for Africa and that the real question is to know how to involve the entire population in the development process. There is thus a return to the overall issue of grass root organizations and essential needs as outlined in the 1970s.

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Enwezor, F. N. C., T. O. Olanrewaju, R. L. Bizi, M. A. Kugama, O. A. Abraham, R. J. Yusuf, M. J. Salawu et al. "Screening for Pathogenic Trypanosomes in Cattle and Camels Slaughtered at Zango and Kawo Abattoirs, Kaduna State, Nigeria". Nigerian Journal of Parasitology 44, n.º 1 (17 de abril de 2023): 244–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njpar.v44i1.24.

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African trypanosomosis remains one of the major diseases affecting food security and human healthy living in sub-Saharan Africa. This study screened domesticated animals for the presence of pathogenic trypanosomes in 1,050 slaughtered animals comprising 858 and 100 cattle respectively from Zango and Kawo abattoirs and 92 camels from Zango as Kawo abattoir neither slaughters nor sell camel meat. Both abattoirs are government-owned and located in Kaduna metropolis, Kaduna State, Nigeria. The animals examined were sourced from Bauchi, Yobe, Katsina, Kaduna, Kano, and Chad Republic. Blood samples were collected from each animal at the point of slaughter and examined using the buffy coat technique and Leishman-stained thick film for trypanosome identification. Packed cell volume (PCV) determination was conducted to assess the level of anaemia. Results indicated that 25 cattle and 2 camels (27) had an overall trypanosome infection rate of 2.57%. The trypanosomes observed were mainly Trypanosoma brucei, Trypanosoma congolense, and Trypanosoma vivax. This study showed that sources of livestock slaughtered at various abattoirs can be a useful indicator in quantifying trypanosomosis risk. Continuous sensitization and awareness creation among the herders at the grass-root level is recommended for effective disease management towards increased livestock production and productivity required to sustain the rural economy and improve the livelihoods of the local populace.

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Cavalli, Márcio, Michele Da Silva Santos, Mara Karinne Lopes Veriato Barros, Helder Morais Mendes Barros y Karina Xavier Leite Barosi. "Potencial alelopático do extrato aquoso de aveia preta e azevém na germinação e crescimento inicial do capim-sudão". Revista Verde de Agroecologia e Desenvolvimento Sustentável 11, n.º 5 (31 de diciembre de 2016): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.18378/rvads.v11i5.4675.

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A pecuária brasileira é sustentada em pastagens, pela sua praticidade e economia. Entre as espécies anuais de inverno mais utilizadas para pastejo na Região Sul do Brasil estão à aveia preta e o azevém, isolados ou em misturas, em função da facilidade na aquisição de sementes e em relação ao ciclo de produção das espécies. Entre as espécies de verão o Capim-Sudão vem se destacando, usado como alternativa para diminuir as dificuldades encontradas em obter forragem na época seca do ano, por facilidade de cultivo, rusticidade, tolerância à seca, rapidez no estabelecimento e crescimento, e facilidade de manejo sob corte e ou pelo pastejo direto. O presente estudo objetivou-se verificar o potencial alelopático do extrato aquoso em diferentes concentrações da aveia preta e azevém sobre a germinação e crescimento inicial do capim-Sudão. O experimento foi realizado na safra 2013/14, na Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina (UNOESC), campus de São José do Cedro, Santa Catarina, em estufa. Para o delineamento estatístico foi utilizado o método DBC (delineamento em blocos casualizados) fatorial, com três tratamentos e cinco doses com quatro repetições. Pela porcentagem de germinação, comprimento de plantas e comprimento de raízes comparadas nas dosagens do extrato aquoso houve efeito alelopático na germinação do Capim-Sudão. E pelos índices de massa fresca e seca da parte aérea e radicular, e também visto no índice de velocidade de germinação que a partir das doses de 50% da solução aquosa dos extratos da aveia e azevém e da mistura aveia + azevém que ocorreu efeito alelopático sobre a germinação do Capim-Sudão.Allelopathic potential of the aqueous extract of black oats and ryegrass in the germination and initial growth of the sudan grassAbstract: The Brazilian livestock farming is sustained in pastures, due to its practicality and economy. Among the annual winter species most used for grazing in southern Brazil are black oats and ryegrass, isolated or in mixtures, due to the ease of seed acquisition and the production cycle of the species. Among the summer species, Sudan grass has been used as an alternative to reduce the difficulties encountered in obtaining fodder in the dry season of the year, for ease of cultivation, rusticity, drought tolerance, fast establishment and growth, and ease of cultivation. Handling under cut and / or by direct grazing. The objective of the present study was to verify the allelopathic potential of the aqueous extract in different concentrations of black oats and ryegrass on the germination and initial growth of the Sudan grass. The experiment was carried out in the 2013/14 harvest, at the University of the West of Santa Catarina (UNOESC), in the São José do Cedro campus, in the greenhouse. For the statistical design, the DBC (randomized complete block design) method was used, with three treatments and five doses with four replicates. By the percentage of germination, plant length and root length compared in the dosages of the aqueous extract, there was an allelopathic effect on the germination of the Sudan Grass. And by the fresh and dry mass index of the shoot and root, and also seen in the rate of germination that from the doses of 50% of the aqueous solution of the extracts of oats and ryegrass and the oat + ryegrass mixture that occurred allelopathic effect On the germination of Sudan Grass.

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Paul, Norvy, Elsa Mary Jacob y Sheena Rajan Philip. "A Revisit to COVID-19 Challenges and Responses: A Case Study of Kerala". Space and Culture, India 8, n.º 2 (28 de septiembre de 2020): 47–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.20896/saci.v8i2.1061.

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Kerala, a state with high development indices distinguished with its Kerala Model of Development (UN, 1975), is also affected by recent Pandemic COVID'19 as other states and nations worldwide. The existing socio-economic analysis of the State reveals that the land reforms, promotion of education, and early introduction of participatory governance through Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) have contributed to the State's socio-economic and political advancement. These factors played a significant role in the fight against the pandemic. This study is an attempt to answer what are the future economic and health challenges as the State, Kerala Model of Development, is faced with COVID'19? The specific objectives further guide this— to study the economic challenges ahead of the State as the tertiary sector is faced with challenges to contribute to the economy and attempted to study the possible ways to address health issues in the State. The researchers conducted an in-depth interview among 10 social scientists and economists of Kerala using purposive sampling to obtain primary data, which has been supported by secondary resources. The researchers did a thematic analysis of the primary data collected, further corroborated by secondary data. The study reveals that the State's current scenario during the pandemic, the grass-root empowerment in all spheres of life clubbed with administrative guidance, resulted in well-equipped public health care service delivery. The fall in the tertiary sector's income has decisively affected the State's economy, especially in agriculture, health, IT, tourism, labour, and foreign remittance. The State's economic and social equilibrium will face challenges in addressing issues in the post-COVID era. Even though the State suffered some increased Covid-19 cases recently, after expatriates' return, the dimensions mentioned above assisted the State in its fight against COVID'19. To address the challenges to the Kerala Model of Development, especially the post-COVID-19 requirements of the State demands interrogation, introspection, and integration of the current policies that majorly depend on the tertiary sector and initiate policies, plans, and programmes to strike a balance between all sectors, especially providing impetus to the primary sector so that a failure in one sector can be compensated by the other.

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Aguiar, Kauan da Silva, Vitor Pereira De Sousa, Taison Souto Silva, André Luis Figueiredo Lopes, Maria de Fátima Gonçalves Fernandes, Edimilson Alves Barbosa, Maria de Fátima Silva Muniz y Fernando da Silva Rocha. "Plant-parasitic nematodes associated with Panicum maximum and Mimosa hirsutissima in a pasture field". Brazilian Journal of Development 10, n.º 2 (19 de febrero de 2024): e67318. http://dx.doi.org/10.34117/bjdv10n2-032.

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Pastures and weed plants can host plant-parasitic nematodes of economic importance, with the limited yield of pastures representing a continuous challenge for agriculture, especially in the lower Jequitinhonha Valley in southeastern Brazil, where dairy and beef cattle play a crucial role in the local economy. From this perspective, this study aimed to provide information on the population density of plant-parasitic nematodes associated with Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça and Mimosa hirsutissima, weed species commonly found in pasture areas cropped with this grass in the municipality of Almenara, MG, in the Jequitinhonha Valley region of southeastern Brazil. Soil and root samples were collected from the field and placed in plastic bags, which were labeled and taken to the laboratory for nematode extraction. Nematode population densities were estimated in a Peters counting slide under a light microscope, and genera identification was based on morphological traits. In rhizosphere soil (100 g) of P. maximum cv. Mombaça, the highest population densities were observed for Helicotylenchus sp. (3,999), followed by Tylenchus sp. (1,191), Meloidogyne spp. (939), and Pratylenchus sp. (544). In roots (1 g), on the other hand, the highest values corresponded to Pratylenchus sp. (19.6) and Meloidogyne spp. (15.5). However, in rhizosphere soil of M. hirsutissima, the highest population densities were recorded for Tylenchus sp. (2,072), Helicotylenchus sp. (1,883), Pratylenchus sp. (751), and Meloidogyne spp. (307). In contrast, in the roots, the highest values were observed for Meloidogyne spp. (6.9), Tylenchus sp. (4.4), and Pratylenchus sp. (2.7). These findings are essential to take decisions on the management of plant-parasitic nematodes.

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Khimani, S. H., Dilip R. Vahoniya y Alvira Rajwadi. "Farmers’ Purchasing Behaviour of Corteva Agriscience’s Products (Galileo Sensa and Delegate) for Chilli in Umreth Taluka of Anand District, India". Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology 41, n.º 9 (20 de julio de 2023): 528–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajaees/2023/v41i92072.

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Background: Agriculture is the backbone of the Indian economy. Majority of Indian people live in rural areas and dependent on agriculture directly or indirectly. For cultivating crops on the farm, producers must need different inputs like seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, etc. to be used on their farm. During crop season different factors (diseases, pests, climate) are affecting crop yield. As a result, proper agrochemical application must begin at the grass root level. The agrochemicals industry is highly competitive due to the presence of several multinational companies [1]. Methods: The research adopts a non-probability convenient sampling method to gather data from 150 farmers in the target area. Collected datawas analyzed using various analytical tools, including tabular analysis, Garrett's Ranking technique, Graphical presentation, and Weighted Arithmetic Mean. Finding: The findings of this research revealed that, factors influencing the purchase of both products were identified as quality, best result, and crop growth. Farmers’ perception about Galileo Sensa as a product that offered a price matching its quality and safety for chilli, farmers, and soil. Similarly, farmers perceived Delegate as safe for chilli, with a price matching its quality and safety for farmers and soil. Farmer meetings emerged as the most important promotional tool for both products. However, the main problems faced by farmers during the purchasing process includes the unavailability of preferred brands, lack of credit availability, and relatively high prices.

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Harish, N. "A Study on the Performance of MGNREGA in Karnataka". Shanlax International Journal of Management 7, n.º 3 (1 de enero de 2020): 13–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/management.v7i3.1193.

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Unemployment, poverty, and inequality are related phenomena. Any success in solving one of these troubles would suggest some success in fixing the other. ‘Poverty and unemployment are two sides of the same coin when we are going to solve one problem in society, 2nd has been taken care of that. The poverty and unemployment at the existing state of affairs are the most extreme problems of the Indian economy’. The Government’s policy and programs have emphasized poverty alleviation, generation of employment and earnings opportunities, and provision of infrastructure and basic services to meet the wishes of rural poor. For realizing these objectives, self-employment and wage employment programs continued to grant in one structure or another. As a measure to strengthen the grass-root stage democracy. The National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA) is an Indian job warranty scheme, enacted via regulation on August 25, 2005, and renamed as Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) on 2nd October 2009 includes things to do below nine special heads to furnish employment to village communities and enhance their livelihoods. On February 2, 2006, amidst outstanding hype and hope, the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA) came into force in 200 of India’s backward districts. In 2007, it was extended to cowl some other 130 districts and two with effect from April 1, two 2008 the two Act is two covering all rural India.

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Stratan, Dumitru. "Perspectives for development social entrepreneurship in republic of Moldova". Applied Studies in Agribusiness and Commerce 10, n.º 4-5 (31 de diciembre de 2016): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.19041/apstract/2016/4-5/3.

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Social entrepreneurship, as a field for research and scientific disputes between scholars and practitioners, it still remains a novel investigation area, as far as new opportunities, challenges, business approaches and concepts appear into the modern world and competitive market. This paper puts emphasis on social framework behind the development of social businesses in Moldova. Moreover, it presents the grass-root state of readiness of existing small and medium – sized enterprises from Moldova to undertake the leap towards the new kind of economy and different organizational approaches. The paper provides a content analysis of specific literature on social entrepreneurship, with particular emphasis on general perception of the small holders and small and medium – sized enterprises on social business. A total number of 593 small and medium – sized enterprises and individuals participated to organized interviews. The survey results show that 66% of the respondents are not acknowledged with social entrepreneurship concept and functionality. From those (34%) who are informed about the topic, most of them are actual young entrepreneurs. Additionally, young entrepreneurs, respondents, wouldn’t reinvest their profit for social mission (73%). Unlike young entrepreneurs, individuals would reinvest their profit in social missions, in case they have a business. These findings suggest that, in the society there is a lack of general understanding on social entrepreneurship. The author also found out that, the general perception regarding social problems is mostly assigned to public authorities instead of enterprises. Moreover, the research results show that the absence of a clear mechanism which would raise public awareness regarding social problems and social capital, affects the active implication of community stakeholders into the societal problems. JEL code: M140

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Chacko, Biju. "Animal husbandry as the driver of progress in India and Kerala". ASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 15, n.º 2 (15 de diciembre de 2020): 79–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.15740/has/tajas/15.2/79-89.

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The dairy sector, which contributes to 21 per cent of the value of the agriculture and allied sectors in India, is the growth propeller of the rural economy of the country. However, extraneous factors beyond the farmer’s control, for instance climatic variations such as low rainfall and heavy drought; fluctuating and many a times low prices for produce and exploitation by middlemen have cast a gloomy spell over the sector, indicating that the prospects of the agricultural sector are gloomy, as evinced by the fact that in the year 2014-15, the sector showed a negative growth (-0.20 %), from where it is struggling hard to pick up, indicating that its prospects are more or less saturated. This augurs well for the dairy sector, which grew annually at the rate of around five per cent, every year, since 2014-15 and has started asserting great and added significance, as a livelihood ensurer to the poor farmers of the country. The state of Kerala is a demographically and socially well advanced state located in the South Western region of India, having 3.34 crores of people with a population density of 859 persons per square kilometre, the third among the states in India. The present scenario, via-a-vis, both India and Kerala, with respect to feed, the costliest component, which accounts for more than 80 per cent of any animal husbandry enterprise, fodder, management practices, reproduction, disease incidence and market of dairy and meat products are discussed thread bare, by analysing the present situation, pointing out lacunas, if any and suggesting feasible, scientific and practical solutions. These recommendations for the upliftment of the sector, if implemented at the grass root level, would definitely help animal husbandry and dairying in becoming the driver of progress in India and Kerala and will speed up our onward march towards the ultimate goal of ‘Aatmanirbhar Bharath’.

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Cortesi, Agostino, Carlotta Berionni, Carina Veeckman, Chiara Leonardi, Gianluca Schiavo, Massimo Zancanaro, Marzia Cescon, Maria Sangiuliano, Dimitris Tampakis y Manolis Falelakis. "Families_Share: digital and social innovation for work–life balance". Digital Policy, Regulation and Governance 24, n.º 2 (8 de marzo de 2022): 162–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dprg-02-2021-0028.

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Purpose The European H2020 Families_Share project aims at offering a grass-root approach and a co-designed platform supporting families for sharing time and tasks related to childcare, parenting, after-school and leisure activities and other household tasks. To achieve this objective, the Families_Share project has been built on current practices which are already leveraging on mutual help and support among families, such as Time Banks, Social Streets and self-organizing networks of parents active at the neighbourhood level and seek to harness the potential of ICT networks and mobile technologies to increase the effectiveness of participatory innovation. The aim of this paper is to present and discuss the Families_Share methodology and platform, as well as the results obtained by several partecipating communities in different European countries. Design/methodology/approach This paper discusses how the Families Share approach (CAPS project, Horizon 2020) is bringing the sharing economy to childcare. Families Share developed a co-caring approach and a co-designed digital welfare platform to support parents with sharing time and tasks related to childcare, after-school and leisure activities. Families Share conducted two iterative pilot experiments and related socio-economic evaluations in six European cities. More than 3,000 citizens were engaged in the co-design process through their local community organizations and more than 1,700 parents and children actively experimented with the approach by organizing collaborative childcare activities. The authors discuss the challenges and solutions of co-designing a socio-technical approach aimed at facilitating socially innovative childcare models, and how the Families Share approach, based on technology-supported co-production of childcare, may provide a new sustainable welfare model for municipalities and companies with respect to life––work balance. Findings The authors discuss the challenges and solutions of co-designing a technological tool aimed at facilitating socially innovative childcare models, and how the Families Share approach may provide a new sustainable welfare model for municipalities and companies with respect to work–life balance. Originality/value As a main difference with state-of-the-art proposals, Families_Share is aimed to provide support to networks of parents in the organization of self-managed activities, this way being orthogonal with respect either to social-network functionalities or to supply and demand services. Furthermore, Families_Share has been based on a participative approach for both the ICT platform and the overall structure.

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Cieślik, Łukasz. "20 lat trzeciego sektora w Polsce – doświadczenia i perspektywy". Przegląd Politologiczny, n.º 2 (2 de noviembre de 2018): 81–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/pp.2010.15.2.8.

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Year 1989 marked a breakthrough in the presence and development of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in Poland. The freedom of association was restored, and the society immediately took advantage of this freedom. Since the early 1990s, decentralization has been coupled with a revived activity of the civic sector, and a clear increase in the number of ‘grass-root’ initiatives, stimulated by the society itself. The number of NGOs has kept growing, including the associations, foundations, and church organizations. The scope of their activity, the number of employees and the tasks they undertake have been expanding. In order to understand the essence of social economy, and primarily to notice the opportunity to develop the state on the basis of the principles of social economy, it was necessary to change the definition of the essence of the state and society, their role, and to correlate their mutual objectives and needs. The administrative reform executed in Poland in 1999, resulted in moving the burden of public tasks from the central government to the units of territorial self-government. The administrative reform introduced three layers of territorial division in order to promote self-governance, facilitate the operation of local authorities, and bring them closer to citizens. Over the last twenty years, NGOs have become a valuable partner in territorial self-government by performing various kinds of public tasks and thus becoming an exceptionally significant element of social policy. The principles regulating the co-existence of the third sector and the state are laid down in the act of law of April 24, 2003 on public benefit and volunteer work, which provides a comprehensive regulation of the activity of NGOs in the realm of public life, the principles (subsidiarity, sovereignty of parties, partnership, efficiency, fair competition, and transparency), and the form of cooperation between such organizations and the organs of public administration with respect to the performance of public tasks. It should be emphasized, however, that while NGOs have taken over services rendered in some areas, their potential has not been fully utilized. The functioning of social organizations manifests civic freedom and society’s self-organization. The activities of the third sector organizations allow the fulfillment of important social needs, such as the need for spontaneous association, social initiative and organizational autonomy. The functioning of social organizations has an advantageous influence on the activity of public and private organizations. The NGOs in Poland and abroad play an increasingly significant role, both in the development of civic society of democratic states, and also in the process of performing public tasks and the development of economies. At present, forms of cooperation between NGOs and the territorial self-government are being sought. This may indicate that both local authorities and the third sector organizations have reached a point where they are ready to form a real partnership. This is an optimistic statement, especially given the opportunity to develop the sector of social economy using the financial means of the EU structural funds. Along with the ageing of affluent societies, social exclusion, poverty and unemployment are the fundamental social problems for Poland and the whole of modern Europe. The subjects of the third sector of an economy can play a key role in solving these problems.

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Raghavan, Srividya. "Reboot Systems: bridging digital divide – the green way". Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 3, n.º 6 (19 de noviembre de 2013): 1–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-06-2013-0077.

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Subject area Emerging markets – marketing and business strategy; social entrepreneurship; opportunity identification; frugal innovation. Study level/applicability MBA; marketing management; specialis ed courses such as entrepreneurship and international marketing. Data rich case, but analytical difficulty is only moderate. Case overview Reboot Systems was conceived as a reverse engineering/refurbishing company for used computers when Rahul Chowdhury and Subbarao came in contact with Anand Tater who had started a small business in the used computer market. The team recognised the potential of the refurbished computer market in India, which was largely unorganised with penetration of personal computers pegged at less than 5 per cent. They identified the opportunity to address the digital divide, caused by lack of affordability and accessibility, by providing inexpensive “as good as new” used computers to those who aspired to own a computer. Additionally, in extending the life of used computers on a large-scale through “frugal innovation”, they hoped to reduce the extent of e-waste generated in the economy. This case provides a rich description of an emerging market characterised by market heterogeneity, social-political governance with poor policy measures, unorganised markets, chronic shortage of resources and inadequate infrastructure. Entrepreneurs hoping to address social issues must tackle these problems at the grass-root level and come up with improvised solutions that address the unique needs of the heterogeneous and resource constrained market. Some of Reboot Systems pressing challenges were in building a viable strategic approach to the market and ensuring scalability in a sustainable way. Expected learning outcomes An understanding of the characteristics of an emerging market from a macro (environmental) as well as micro (industry specific) perspective, an appreciation of opportunity identification and improvisation in emerging markets as well as differentiating “frugal” innovation from the idea of “Jugaad”, an understanding of the role of strategic vision and mission in accomplishing social and business objectives, an understanding of how to develop sustainability and competitive advantage from a social as well as business perspective. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.

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Kim, Kyeong-Baek, Ji-Hoon Cho y Sang-Bum Kim. "Model-Based Dynamic Forecasting for Residential Construction Market Demand: A Systemic Approach". Applied Sciences 11, n.º 8 (19 de abril de 2021): 3681. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11083681.

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According to the previous research, proper demand forecasting could help construction-related firms in effective planning for future market changes. However, existing market demand forecasting models are somewhat limited, and most of them bear some critical shortcomings. This research aims to develop a forecasting model for the Korean residential construction industry using system dynamics. In developing the market forecasting model, this research uses variables that significantly impact future construction market change. Many of the existing models do not include as many variables as this model, and none of them have considered complex interlocking effects among these variables. This model is also the first model using a system-based approach by looking at the target industry as a ‘one complex system’ rather than focusing on individual variables’ impact on future market changes. By employing system dynamics, it is possible to consider qualitative and quantitative aspects and produce long-term market forecasting results. The developed market forecasting model consists of two main modules, the first being a prediction module for the grassroots construction market and the second for operation and maintenance (O&M) and the demolition market. Sixteen input variables are grouped into four categories: social, economy, regulation, and past market size among over 25 identified variables. The model utilizes a mathematical function system using the designed feedback loops in producing future market forecasts. Based on the validation tests with past market data, it turns out that the model is reliable, with the determination coefficient (R2) being over 0.7 on all tested occasions. According to the model’s forecasting results, the Korean construction market’s size is expected to be 231 billion won in 2015 and 286 billion won in 2030. However, the O&M market’s growth rate is expected to be higher than 180%, which is much bigger than those of the grass-root and demolition markets. Thus, this research model is realistic according to the construction paradigm change. This research is considered one of the pioneering studies in construction market forecasting by employing dynamic inter-relationships among various input variables. Therefore, the market forecasting results can be interpreted as more practical and can provide more insights to the construction industry stakeholders. The model is envisioned to provide the public sector with useful guidelines in preparing future public market supply strategies such as construction budget allocations. It would also be helpful for the private sector to develop more proactive and accurate demand strategies for timely decision-making.

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Du Plessis, Wendy y Mark Peters. "Egan’s Irish Whiskey: a story of heritage and renewal". Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 11, n.º 2 (16 de agosto de 2021): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-05-2020-0179.

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Learning outcomes The learning outcomes of this paper is as follows: to give faculty the opportunity to illustrate the strategist’s and marketer’s toolbox, namely, tools and frameworks such as the McKinsey 7S model. Porter’s generic marketing strategies. Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats analysis. Political, economic, social and cultural, technological, environment and legal – external macro analysis. The case is intended for use in MBA and Executive education courses in strategy, marketing and leadership. The case offers relevant experiences and instructive lessons in formulating and implementing business strategies. The case highlights the importance of contextual leadership intelligence and competence in enabling entrepreneurial business activities. The case gives students the opportunity to apply a strategic framework to marketing communications, competitive analysis and branding with a new brand and a new name in a first world economy. The case helps students understand that: successful companies are a success because of their people and leadership, proactive thinking and constantly looking for new opportunities will make you a leader in the market, up-to-date competitor and market analysis are paramount in making the winning decision, staying true to one’s business philosophy and company values build a reputable organization, the importance of creating partnerships and healthy relationships with the distribution channel, the concept of competitive advantage, the concept of differentiation, focus and cost leadership and the concept of value and understanding customer needs. Case overview/synopsis The Egan’s Whiskey case offers students a unique opportunity to discover the important, yet grass-root, strategic decisions made by a high-quality alcohol product in a very competitive, well-known brand dominated the market, the USA. The case focuses specifically on issues related to strategic choices and implementation, brand, reputation, leadership, strategic marketing decision-making, customer/retail relationships, customer value and the importance of good marketing intelligence. There are some good examples of out-of-the-box thinking. History reveals that companies with the strongest brands, most proactive leadership, innovative marketing ideas, superb marketing intelligence and deepest relationships with their consumers are the pillars of success. The very assets that define these leading companies provide benchmarks for upcoming organizations. Being complacent and having poor leadership and vision in an ever-demanding customer-driven and competitive environment is a recipe for failure. Organizations and their leadership teams need to start thinking systematically, proactively and strategically about their place in competitive markets and take quick actions to mitigate risks and miss opportunities before they become reality. This case reveals the importance of understanding your strategic landscape, your market, your competitors, your customers, quick thinking and actions and having a rolling strategic plan, which is adaptable. Complexity academic level The case is intended for use in MBA and Executive education courses in strategy, marketing and leadership. Supplementary materials Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Subject code CSS 11: Strategy.

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Menge, Enock O., Sean M. Bellairs y Michael J. Lawes. "Disturbance-dependent invasion of the woody weed, Calotropis procera, in Australian rangelands". Rangeland Journal 39, n.º 2 (2017): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj16120.

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Plant invasions are threats to biodiversity and ecosystem processes that have far reaching ecological and economic impacts. Understanding the mechanisms of invasion essentially helps in developing effective management strategies. Rubber bush (Calotropis procera) is an introduced milkweed that invades Australian beef production rangelands. Its establishment is often associated with disturbances caused by pastoral management practices. We examined whether or not rubber bush (1) outcompetes native grasses, (2) can invade intact rangeland, and (3) if disturbance facilitates rubber bush establishment and spread in grassy rangelands. We measured the competitive response of different densities of Mitchell grass (Astrebla pectinata) individuals and the competitive effects of associate rubber bush seedlings in an additive common garden experiment. Replicated field exclosure experiments, under grass-dominated and tropical savanna woodland conditions examined the effect of increasing levels of disturbance on rubber bush seedling emergence. The dominant native Mitchell grass was a stronger competitor than rubber bush when grown together under greenhouse conditions, whereby root and shoot biomass yields were more restricted in rubber bush compared with Mitchell grass. This finding was corroborated in the field exclosure experiments at both sites, where seedling emergence increased 5-fold in seeded and highly disturbed plots where superficial soils were turned over by treatments simulating heavy grazing and trampling by cattle or machinery. Emergence of rubber bush seedlings in seeded plots that were undisturbed, clipped and grazed was minimal and rubber bush seedlings did not survive the seedling stage in these plots. These results demonstrate that disturbance to the superficial soil stratum affects the ability of rubber bush seeds to successfully establish in a microsite, and high levels of soil disturbance substantially increase establishment. Thus, rubber bush is a poor competitor of Mitchell grass and does not invade intact grassland. Consequently, rubber bush invasion is disturbance-dependent in the vast Australian rangelands. The spread of this weed may be arrested by management practices that minimise disturbances to grass cover.

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Liu, Haiping. "Talk About the Root Cause of China’s Repeated Anti-Dumping". Journal of World Economy 1, n.º 1 (noviembre de 2022): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.56397/jwe.2022.11.02.

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Anti-dumping as a trade protection measure has been recognized and protected by the world organization and countries around the world, and is a legal and stable form of measures that can be applied by countries around the world when facing domestic dumping of foreign goods. The approach is conducive to the protection of domestic industries and services, and is one of the tools used by countries to deal with unfair competition. China’s economy has gradually recovered since the reform and opening up, and on the basis of meeting domestic demand, enterprises seek other ways to expand production and obtain benefits. Foreign trade is a necessary condition for the development of a country’s economy. In recent years, China’s economic development and foreign trade momentum is rapid, China’s trade gradually into anti-dumping dilemma. In the face of such problems, first of all, we must have a grasp of the essence and purpose of the dumping problem, followed by a certain understanding of the current form of trade, dumping forms and means and methods, and then analyze the root causes of the high number of anti-dumping in China. In this paper, we will focus on the root causes of anti-dumping in China and propose solutions to this problem.

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Kim, Sungjo. "The Political Economy of the Roof: The New Village Movement in 1970s South Korea". International Journal of Korean History 29, n.º 1 (28 de febrero de 2024): 179–222. http://dx.doi.org/10.22372/ijkh.2024.29.1.179.

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This study investigates South Korea’s rural modernization project conducted under the name of the New Village Movement during the rapid industrialization period of the 1970s. The focus is on a specific event called the Roof Improvement Project within this Movement. In the 1970s, rural poverty was often portrayed through images of monochromatic village landscapes populated by dilapidated mud-walled houses crowned with coverings of faded grass thatch. Replacing the thatched roofs with something more colorful and modern was quickly identified as one of the most effective ways of showcasing ‘rural development.’ By 1978, an astonishing 2,618,000 thatched houses throughout the countryside had their old roofs replaced with a new material known as ‘slate.’ The rural ‘change’ particularly manifested through the brightly colored slate roofs lining the highways. This technicolor display propagandized development and, ultimately, legitimized the military regime’s rule. However, the new ‘modern’ roofs actually eroded farmers’ financial status and bolstered the accumulation of capital by specific industries. To trace the flow of capital extracted from farmers, this study also delves into the history of two large corporate groups - KCC and Pyŏksan - that were able to solidify the early foundation for their current business formation in the 1970s.

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Kozak, Iryna. "Condition of peat soils on the territory of Precarpathian and Prednistrian Podilla". Scientific Herald of Chernivtsi University. Geography, n.º 824 (27 de agosto de 2019): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.31861/geo.2020.824.26-30.

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The article outlines the views on the peaty soils as unique formation according to their genesis, expansion, and characteristics. We are managed to trace that the soils change their composition, properties, and economic value depending on their place of formation. The peaty soils are insufficiently studied in Ivano-Frankivsk region. Primarily, their geography, genesis, and modern agro-ecological state require the special attention. Nowadays, the peaty soils are used in agriculture as low-productive hayfields, pastures, and sometimes they are used for plough lands. A great number of drained peaty massifs are abandoned. They are being overgrown with shrubs and weeds, which are not peculiar to the natural vegetation of marsh ecosystems. The peaty soils somewhat differ from the mineral ones, so the article describes characteristic features of forming the peaty massifs and their properties. The main target of the study is an analysis of physical and chemical properties of the peaty soils, the reaction of soil solution, the organic content and total microelements of soils. On the ground of the analyses conducted with the studied soils, we have established that they belong to saturated and unsaturated peaty soils depending on their acid-base properties. Unsaturated soils are mostly expanded within the areas of great peaty massifs that are not used in agriculture for plough lands. It was noted, that the ash content value is very important for characteristics of the peaty soils. The peat mostly does not have a high ash content value due to the weak mineralization ground waters supplying the peat massifs. The peat soils are characterized by high quality of the organic content and nitrogen. However, only an insufficient part of the total nitrogen is available for plants in the forms of nitrate and ammonia compounds. It is noted, that in spite of the high nitrogen content, the peaty soils are characterised by the low content of phosphorus and the lower content of potassium. The author has generally characterised the using of peaty soils in agriculture, peat extraction industry, and partly in the recreational sphere. The studies have proved that the peaty soils, which are in agricultural use, should be applied for the high-productive meadowlands and pastures. The mentioned lands are very important for ecology as the extensive root system of the well-developed grass canopy contributes to reducing the loss of organic content within drained peatlands. About 700 hectares of massifs are used in the studied area for the extraction of peat raw materials, the most part of which is used for stocking of the organic-mineral fertilizers and soil substrates. In the recent years, there has been increasing the demand for production of peat briquettes and lump peat for communal and household consumption. In addition, the peat is widely used in medicine, chemical industry, and cosmetology. The scientific work attracts attention to the insufficient and scientifically unjustified use of the peat resources in the national economy. That is why there is a feasibility to use the certain areas as environment-oriented lands. This direction of use includes the creation of recreational zones, hunting grounds, high-productive plantations of berries and unique medicinal plants. We have grounded the idea that these soils can be attributed to ecologically sensitive objects, which require the detailed study for rational use. In the article, the author concludes that an integrated approach to using peatland resources will give the possibility to preserve these unique intrazonal formations.

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Shevchuk, Yuri I. "Dual citizenship in old and new states". European Journal of Sociology 37, n.º 1 (mayo de 1996): 47–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003975600007979.

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The paper analyzes dual citizenship in two principal manifestations in the worldde facto dual citizenship, as induced by international migrations and de jure dual citizenship, as a byproduct of Soviet imperial collapse. Factors of a social, political, cultural and economic nature that condition approaches towards dual citizenship taken by governments, political elites and grass-root actors are discussed in reference to established democracies (USA, France, Germany) and to newly independent states (the Ukraine).

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Baaka, Alnita, Isti Widayati y Noviyanti Noviyanti. "Ekstrak Air Rumput Kebar (Biophytum petersianum Klotzch) sebagai Penghambat Perkembangan Telur Cacing Gastrointestinal Ruminansia Secara in Vitro". Jurnal Sain Veteriner 35, n.º 1 (1 de junio de 2017): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jsv.29297.

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Gastrointestinal worm disease in cattle is scathing for the breeder’s as it lowers cattle’s productivity and inflict major economic loss. Furthermore, the interraction between cattle, man and the environment might bringout the risk of zoonotic diseases (diseases which can spread between man and animals). Kebar grass contains phytochemical elements such as alkaloid, saponin, tanin, glycoside and flavonoid. Those elements have the potentialas an alternate anthelmentic in the effort to utilize the endemic biodiversities of Papua. This research is performed at Faculty of Animal Husbandry Animal Health Laboratory and Faculty of Math and Natural Science MicrobiologyLaboratory of Universitas Papua, for 8 months. The leaves and the stems of the kebar grass were collected and stored at room temperature. The Kebar grass extract was divided into 3 parts, i.e. fresh extract, wind dried extractand sun dried extract. Fresh fecal samples were collected and examined with the native method. The samples where nematodes eggs are found is treated with kebar grass extract. As a comparison, positive control is made withoxfendazole and negative control is made nematodes larvae fertilization. Fecal cultures and grass extract mixture is left alone for 7 days in room temperature and examined under microscope with 400x fortification to see whetnerthere is any development of the nematodes’ eggs. The obstained data is analyzed by tabulation and descriptive method. The result is the samples mixed with kebar grass extract show no development of nematodes’ egg. As acomparison, the negative control which is observed with baerman method shows development of nematodes’ eggs. It can be concluded that the effect of kebar grass extract can deters nematodes’ egg development.

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Guimarães, Gabriel Silva, Artur Berbel Lirio Rondina, Mariana Sanches Santos, Marco Antonio Nogueira y Mariangela Hungria. "Pointing Out Opportunities to Increase Grassland Pastures Productivity via Microbial Inoculants: Attending the Society’s Demands for Meat Production with Sustainability". Agronomy 12, n.º 8 (25 de julio de 2022): 1748. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12081748.

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Estimates are that land area occupied by grass pasture far exceeds that of other crops; at least half are at some stage of degradation. The use of elite plant-growth-promoting microorganisms (PGPM) as inoculants represents an important strategy to achieve qualitative and quantitative improvements in forage biomass, increasing the productivity and sustainability of livestock production. Several studies have reported the benefits of PGPM in grass pastures, with an emphasis on bacteria of the genera Azospirillum, Pseudomonas, Bacillus, rhizobia, and on arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF). The main grasses studied are Urocholoa (syn. Brachiaria), Megathyrsus (syn. Panicum), Paspalum, Cynodon, and Agropyron. Several microbial processes associated with improvements in root and shoot growth, nutrient content in biomass, and other benefits have been described. Promotion of plant growth has been associated with the synthesis of phytohormones and enzymes regulating several steps of plant development, nutrient mineralization by release of microbial molecules, biological nitrogen fixation, nutrient uptake facilitation by means of molecules such as exopolysaccharides, amongst others. Outstanding benefits of increased root growth, resulting in higher uptake of water and nutrients, either by phytohormones released by bacteria or by expanding root surface by AMF, have been reported. Biocontrol is another important property of PGPM, by a variety of mechanisms, including the synthesis of antimicrobial molecules, lytic enzymes, siderophores, and the release of specific inhibitory compounds such as hydrogen cyanide. Although improvements in forage management can enhance microbial performance, as shown for AMF, in general, inoculation with elite strains positively impacts growth parameters. Globally, the use of microbial inoculants has significantly increased in the past few years, but their application is still modest on grass pastures, which are generally degraded and would need special use of microbial inoculants for reclamation. Efforts towards increasing the use of PGPM in pastures can have deep positive environmental, economic, and social impacts worldwide.

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Xu, Aiyun, Lihua Zhang, Xiaojia Wang y Bing Cao. "Nitrogen fertilization and CO₂ concentration synergistically affect the growth and protein content of Agropyron mongolicum". PeerJ 10 (31 de octubre de 2022): e14273. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.14273.

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Background The nitrogen (N) and protein concentrations in plant tissues exposed to elevated CO2 (eCO2) generally decline , such declines in forage grass composition are expected to have negative implications for the nutritional and economic value of grass. Plants require N for the production of a photosynthetically active canopy and storage proteins in the tissues, whose functionality will strongly influence productivity and quality. The objective of this study was to investigate whether eCO2 plus N-fertilization increases growth and N nutrition of Agropyron mongolicum, and the dependence of this improvement on the coordination between root and leaf development. Methods We analyzed A. mongolicum from field-grown within the open-top chambers (OTCs) facility under two atmospheric CO2 (ambient, 400 ± 20 µmol mol−1, aCO2, and elevated, 800 ± 20 µmol mol−1, eCO2) and three N-fertigation treatments (control, low N-fertigation , and high N-fertigation) for two months. Results Elevated CO2 plus N-fertigation strongly increased shoot and root biomass, and the nitrogen and protein concentrations of A. mongolicum compared to those plants at aCO2 levels. Increased N content in leaves and reduced specific leaf area (SLA) at a high N supply could alleviate photosynthetic acclimation to eCO2 and drive the production of greater shoot biomass with the potential for higher photosynthesis, productivity, and nutritional quality. The increased root length (RL), the ratio of total aboveground N taken up per RL (TN/RL), stomatal conductance (Gs), and transpiration rate (Tr) contribute to the transpiration-driven mass flow of N, consequently increasing N uptake by roots. In addition, a smaller percentage of N remained as unassimilated nitrate (${\mathrm{NO}}_{3}^{-}$) under eCO2, indicating that assimilation of ${\mathrm{NO}}_{3}^{-}$ into proteins was not inhibited by eCO2. These findings imply that grass productivity and quality will enhance under anticipated elevated CO2 concentration when effective management measures of N-fertilization are employed.

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S., Majumder, y Kunte, M. "A study of Employee Engagement Practices and its Impact on Team Effectiveness in the context of Virtual and collaborative Workplace". CARDIOMETRY, n.º 24 (30 de noviembre de 2022): 802–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.18137/cardiometry.2022.24.802814.

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Purpose: To identify the challenges faced by virtual teams and study the impact of employee engagement practices on performance, team effectiveness of Virtual workforce/Virtual teams. Research Problem: With the Gig Economy coming in and the worldwide disruption in the operation of many organizations due to Geo-political or Biological Factors, organizations should be well prepared to continue to give an uninterrupted performance. Under such circumstances, managing the virtual workforce becomes very important. Due to technological advances, people all across the globe can collaborate without traveling. However, as a result, organizations operate change and require developing a new set of competencies from both managers and employees. Therefore, to ensure the smooth running of an organization, it is imperative to have a concrete performance management system in place as far as the virtual workforce is concerned. Execution of virtual work calls for extensive scientific research because managing a virtual team is different from managing an ordinary team. Research Methodology: The stratified sampling method has been used as the mode of data collection for this research, which has been done by floating a set of questionnaires among the sample set of respondents. Stratified sampling would help classify the sample set into different strata as required and optimize the sample size accordingly to have better precision. In this case, the sample has been categorized primarily into two strata of Gender (Male and Female). The responses have been then analyzed through SPSS by Factor analysis to reach the objective from a grass root level. In this case, the respondents were selected from only those organizations where the work-from-home nature is a viable option. Then the respondents were selected and segregated based on gender to ensure a diverse sample set. Once the data has been run through factor analysis and the independent variables have been identified, linear regression analysis has then been performed on the data to understand the relationship between the deduced independent variables and team effectiveness. Finally, based on the literature review and the responses received through the questionnaire, this piece of research will analyze the inputs and recommend suitable practices in leading virtual teams, taking the challenges faced by the virtual teams into consideration. Expected Outcome/Findings: Through this research, it is expected to conclude the challenges that virtual teams face and the factors that affect the performance of the virtual teams, It is then required to map the associated factors influencing performance to recommend viable, practical, and virtually implementable employee engagement practices. Practical / Managerial Implications: The study shall help virtual team managers better identify the needs of the employees, which would lead to better employee engagement and, in turn, improve productivity. It would help the Human Resource specialists pay specific attention to certain areas of employee engagement and motivational factors while introducing a virtual work ecosystem to optimize the workforce’s performance. Originality/Value: The paper’s originality comes from its methodological approach to identify the factors or the clusters of factors that impact the performance of virtual teams and the in-depth analysis of the factors to incorporate the same while designing employee engagement practices in an organization for its virtual workforce.

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Atanassov, Plamen. "Electrochemical Science & Engineering Graduate Program at the University of California Irvine". ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-01, n.º 44 (28 de agosto de 2023): 2439. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-01442439mtgabs.

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The initiative to create an interdisciplinary program to train PhD (and in parallel terminal ME) graduate students in electrochemistry have been in circulation at University of California Irvine (UCI) since the Fall of 2018. Several “grass-root” meetings of faculty with sustained professional interests in the general interdisciplinary area of electrochemistry and electrochemical engineering involving faculty from UCI School of Physical Sciences (Chemistry and Physics & Astronomy) and Henry Samueli School of Engineering (Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Materials Science & Engineering, Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering) have taken place and lead to an internal formal proposal to create the program. This process was additionally catalyzed by the transformation of UCI Advanced Power & Energy Program into UCI Clean Energy Institute, to include National Fuel Cell Research Center and Horiba Institute for Mobility & Connectivity. This initiative was indeed halted for practically three years by the COVID pandemics and is being revisited just now in the Fall of 2022. The campus wide initiative Electrochemical Science & Engineering aims to support building a strong academic discipline to serve as a science and engineering backbone for decarbonization of technology and economy. The general research areas are (listed below) are being supported by a series of graduate classes: Electrochemistry & Electroanalytical Methods (Chemistry); Electrochemical Thermodynamics & ElectrochemicalSystems (MAE); Kinetics of Electrochemical Processes (CBE); Electrochemical Engineering (CBE); Electrochemical Energy Conversion & Storage (CBE) and Solid-State Electrochemistry (MSE) – all of which have been taught in a given, pre-arranged sequence as electives in correspondent departments with an substantially overlapping student audience during 2020/21 and 2021/2022 Academic Years. New technical electives in the areas of Bioelectrochemistry & Bioenergetics, Electrochemical Sensors & Biosensors and Electrochemical Water Treatment Technologies are being prepared for the 2022/223 Academic Year by newly recruited faculty. The lineup of the curriculum and the segmentation of it into specializations will be discussed. We will also address the creation of professional (termina) Master in Engineering (ME) graduate program. Research themes that will be covered by the program are practiced by some 17 faculty at UC: Electrochemical energy technologies, such as fuel cells, electrochemical sensors, electrolyzes, and batteries, use chemical change to produce electricity, or vice versa, and consist of catalytic electrodes and ion-conducting electrolytes. Ion transport between the electrolytes is often limited due to intrinsic properties of (often polymeric) ion-exchange membranes, or low-temperature conductivity of solid-state ionic materials. The next frontier in the science and technology of electrochemical interfacesis exploiting the unique opportunities offered by our emerging ability understand ionic and charge transfer interactions at nanoscale and to tailor both soft and solid-state materials structures to facilitate such interactions including in corrugated and confined structures. Electrocatalytic systems directly utilize electrical energy to perform redox reactions. The latter is essential to most chemical bond forming/breaking events and in energy storage and utilization reactions. Molecular electrocatalysis effort is focused on designing molecules with tailored active sites, predicted by computational chemistry, in order to achieve optimal energies in abundant metals. This further extends to bioelectrocatalysis by proteins and bioelectrochemistry of cells.

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Hadijah, Siti, Elly Liestiany y Noor Aidawati. "Kemampuan Jenis PGPR dalam Menekan Serangan Nematoda Puru Akar (Meloidogyne spp.) pada Tanaman Seledri (Apium graveolens L.)". JURNAL PROTEKSI TANAMAN TROPIKA 6, n.º 1 (27 de enero de 2023): 613–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jptt.v6i1.1698.

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Celery plant (Apium graveolens L.) is a cultivated plant that has high economic value, usually used as food flavoring, cooking seasoning and can also be used as a dish garnish. Functions for health such as drugs to lower high blood pressure for people with hypertension. One pest that can affect the quality and quantity of celery production is root knot nematode (NPA) caused by Meloidogyne spp. This study aims to determine the ability of PGPR species to suppress root knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) on celery. This study was designed using a one-factor Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The factor tested was the effect of giving PGPR types namely elephant grass root, kalakai root, fern root and bamboo root. There were 5 treatments and 4 replications. The results showed that giving PGPR could reduce the intensity of root knot attacks and reduce nematode populations in the soil around the roots, as well as significantly affect the number of leaves (stalks) of celery at the age of 58 and 72 days after planting (dap) and weight. wet celery at the age of 44, 58 and 72 dap.

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Naing, Wai Yan Phyo. "The Evolution of Relations between Myanmar and China in the 1990s: Results and Assessments". South East Asia: Actual problems of Development, n.º 3 (48) (2020): 145–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.31696/2072-8271-2020-3-3-48-145-155.

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The article gives insights in relations between Myanmar and China after Myanmar’s generals seized power through a coup d'état in September 1988. As a result of repressions and the failed power transition to the opposition in 1990, the US and Europe imposed harsh economic sanctions on Myanmar’s military government. This forced the Yangon to establish closer political and economic ties with Beijing. The author outlines the specificity of cooperation between Myanmar and China along the political-military, the economic and the social tracks with the focus upon discrepancies between the official and the grass-root levels. In the author’s opinion, the growing imbalance between these dimensions accounted for the key vulnerability factor in the dialogue between the two countries.

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Yaman, Cennet y Uğur Başaran. "Effect of Smoke Solution of Sage (Salvia officinalis L.) on Root and Shoot Growth of Grass Pea (Lathyrus sativus L.)". Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 7, n.º 3 (12 de marzo de 2019): 511. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v7i3.511-515.2354.

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In this study, the effect of different concentrations of smoke solution derived from sage (Salvia officinalis L.) on root and shoot growth of grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) was investigated in pots, in petri dishes (in vivo) and in vitro conditions. Smoke solution was obtained from hookah method and different concentrations (25%, 50%, 75%, 100%) were prepared by diluting the stock solution with distilled water and, distilled water was used as control. Solutions were used starting water of petri and perlite media and to prepare MS0 for in vitro condition. Nodal segments of grass pea seedlings as explants were cultured on MS0 medium in vitro. Plant nutrients, antioxidants, organic or inorganic chemicals, and plant growth regulators are commonly used for plant development both in vivo and in vitro. However, their use has risks in terms of economic costs as well as nature, environment and human health. Therefore, use of naturally derived chemicals in these applications has great advantages. Observations for in vivo conditions were determinate after 7 days from sowing and 15 days after in vitro culture. The longest root length (6.089 cm) was determined in 75% smoke solution of sage and, while the longest shoot length (3.026 cm) was obtained from 100% smoke solution of sage on petri media. In perlite media, the highest root and shoot length were observed in pure water (control). İn vitro conditions, although shoot formation was above 85% in all applications, root formation was under 33%. The shortest shoot length was obtained from smoke solutions of 100% (5.02 cm), the longest shoot length was obtained from 25% and 75% concentrations of smoke solution, respectively 8.35 and 8.94 cm.

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Fleitas, Alex Coene, Luísa Melville Paiva, Sandra Aparecida Santos, Henrique Jorge Fernandes, Redney Gomes Brevilieri y Patricia Gomes dos Santos. "Adaptive Responses of Paspalum oteroi Native Grass to Fertilization and Shading". Journal of Agricultural Studies 8, n.º 3 (22 de junio de 2020): 871. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jas.v8i3.17227.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the Paspalum oteroi native grass and its adaptive responses to shading and foliar fertilization in two pasture systems in the Cerrado-Pantanal transition region. A completely randomized block design with factorial arrangement was adopted to this study: three types of fertilizers [no fertilization – control (C); Foliar fertilizer for pasture (FF) and Soil fertilizer + Foliar fertilizer (SF)] x two pasture systems (WS - with shading, wooded P. oteroi pasture; NS - no shading, exclusive P. oteroi pasture) with four repetitions. P. oteroi seedlings were transplanted in November 2015. Data collection was from May 2016 to September 2016, during dry season. There were differences (p<0.05) in the sward height variables (H), dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) content, dry matter production (DMP) and shoot: root ratio (S:R). In the WS system increased of 8,61% of the CP content and fertilizer SF increased of 8.81% of the CP content. However, in the WS system was observed reduced DM, DMP and S:R and in the FF and SF fertilizers increased leaf area index (LAI), in the latter months of the application. Probably, P. oteroi grass developed adaptation strategies to deal with the environmental conditions to which it was submitted during this study, such as variations in its morphophysiological traits: low shoot / root ratio, height, chemical composition, leaf area index e light interception. In conclusion, P. oteroi showed adaptation to wooded pasture systems, during dry period, however, the use of fertilization depends on economic viability studies.

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Lai, Han. "A comparative study of different neural networks in predicting gross domestic product". Journal of Intelligent Systems 31, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2022): 601–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jisys-2022-0042.

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Abstract Gross domestic product (GDP) can well reflect the development of the economy, and predicting GDP can help better grasp the future economic trends. In this article, three different neural network models, the genetic algorithm – back-propagation neural network model, the particle swarm optimization (PSO) – Elman neural network (Elman NN) model, and the bat algorithm – long short-term memory model, were analyzed based on neural networks. The GDP data of Sichuan province from 1992 to 2020 were collected to compare the performance of the three models in predicting GDP. It was found that the mean absolute percentage error values of the three models were 0.0578, 0.0236, and 0.0654, respectively; the root-mean-square error values were 0.0287, 0.0166, and 0.0465, respectively; and the PSO-Elman NN model had the best performance in GDP prediction. The experimental results demonstrate that neural networks were reliable in predicting GDP and can be used for further applications in practice.

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Naing, Wai Yan Phyo. "The Specificity of Myanmar’s Relations with China in the Beginning of the XXI Century (2001-2010)". South East Asia: Actual problems of Development, n.º 4(49) (2020): 145–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.31696/2072-8271-2020-3-4-49-145-153.

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The article gives a critical insight into Myanmar’s relations with China between 2000 and 2010. Starting from an analysis of the political vector of these relations, the article explores the specificity of economic coopera-tion, including China’s investment in Myanmar’s infrastructure projects to finally turn to the grass-root perception of China’s policy in Myanmar. In the author’s opinion, China’s influence in Myanmar should not be overestimated owing to a gap between official declarations of the Tatmadaw regime and the grassroot-level Sinophobia premised upon perceptions that Chinese business practices were inefficient, corrupted, and were implemented without due regard to the interests of local citizens.

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Rizkia, Anna, Riza Linda y Zulfa Zakiah. "Application of Legume Inoculum (Legin) to The Root Nodules and Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Production on Peat Soil West Kalimantan". Jurnal Biologi Tropis 22, n.º 3 (12 de septiembre de 2022): 914–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jbt.v22i3.3606.

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Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) are food crops that have high economic value because of their nutritional content. One of the factors that affect the low production of peanuts in West Kalimantan is the condition of the soil dominated by peat soil causing soil fertility to be low. Application of Rhizobium or legin is expected to increase the production of peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.). The purpose of the research was to find out the effect of legin application against the amount of root nodules and the production of peanut plants. The research was conducted from November 2020 to February 2021. This research used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of 5 treatments namely control, application of legin 4 g/kg seed, 8 g/kg seed, 12 g/kg seed and 16 g/kg seed. The results showed application of legin has a real influence on the total weight of root nodules, the total number of root nodules, the number of effective root nodules, the number of filling pods, the number of seeds and the weight of seeds, but had no noticeable effect on the time of flowering. Legin application of 12 grams / kg of seeds is the best concentration to increase the production of peanuts grown in west Kalimantan peat soil, because it gives the best results to the number of pods content 11.33 pods, the number of seeds 24.16 seeds and the seed weight 19.73 grams.

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Hamada, Yuki, Colleen R. Zumpf, Jules F. Cacho, DoKyoung Lee, Cheng-Hsien Lin, Arvid Boe, Emily Heaton, Robert Mitchell y Maria Cristina Negri. "Remote Sensing-Based Estimation of Advanced Perennial Grass Biomass Yields for Bioenergy". Land 10, n.º 11 (10 de noviembre de 2021): 1221. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10111221.

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A sustainable bioeconomy would require growing high-yielding bioenergy crops on marginal agricultural areas with minimal inputs. To determine the cost competitiveness and environmental sustainability of such production systems, reliably estimating biomass yield is critical. However, because marginal areas are often small and spread across the landscape, yield estimation using traditional approaches is costly and time-consuming. This paper demonstrates the (1) initial investigation of optical remote sensing for predicting perennial bioenergy grass yields at harvest using a linear regression model with the green normalized difference vegetation index (GNDVI) derived from Sentinel-2 imagery and (2) evaluation of the model’s performance using data from five U.S. Midwest field sites. The linear regression model using midsummer GNDVI predicted yields at harvest with R2 as high as 0.879 and a mean absolute error and root mean squared error as low as 0.539 Mg/ha and 0.616 Mg/ha, respectively, except for the establishment year. Perennial bioenergy grass yields may be predicted 152 days before the harvest date on average, except for the establishment year. The green spectral band showed a greater contribution for predicting yields than the red band, which is indicative of increased chlorophyll content during the early growing season. Although additional testing is warranted, this study showed a great promise for a remote sensing approach for forecasting perennial bioenergy grass yields to support critical economic and logistical decisions of bioeconomy stakeholders.

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Ohiomu, Sylvester y Sunday Ade Oluyemi. "Resolving Revenue Allocation Challenges in Nigeria: Implications for Sustainable National Development". American Economist 64, n.º 1 (21 de junio de 2018): 142–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0569434518775324.

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This study examines the structure and formula for revenue allocation in Nigeria which has been fraught with challenges, proffers solution, and highlights its implications for sustainable national development. The work uses the methodology of Group Unit Root Test, auto regressive distributed lag (ARDL) Bounds Testing and Cointegrating Long Run tests for robust policy recommendations. Using the Gross Domestic Product as the dependent variable and revenue allocation to the three levels of government, and oil revenue as the independent variables, the results from the study show that revenue allocations and the other variables have significant relationship with economic growth in Nigeria. Based on our findings, the study recommends among others that the current revenue allocation formula should be reviewed to embrace autonomy in its entirety to achieve national goals and objectives. Various levels of government should be adequately funded to enable it carry out its expenditure responsibilities to accelerate grass root development. JEL classification: C22, C32, C58

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Mamdani, Kaneez Fatima. "An Evaluation Of Indicators Of Socio-Economic Deprivation: A Case Study Of The Slums Of Karachi, Pakistan". Pakistan Journal of Applied Social Sciences 4, n.º 1 (8 de septiembre de 2016): 35–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.46568/pjass.v4i1.295.

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In Pakistan more than one third of its population continues to live below the poverty line (Economic Survey of Pakistan, 2013). Recent research has shown that poverty is wide spread in both urban and rural areas and it is not only rural phenomenon. Since the past few decades, Karachi has experienced an inflow of migrants from all parts of Pakistan in search of better opportunities. Karachi has about 650 katchi abadis (squatter settlements) which are home to 50% of city’s population (Sindh Katchi Abadis Authority 2006). The objective of this study is to measure and analyse the nature and level of socio-economic deprivation as well as to find out the different forms of socio-economic deprivation. It is an exploratory cross-sectional study. Primary data is collected from 497 households of seven katchi abadis of Karachi to study the problem. Statistical tools of analysis i.e. coefficients of variance are used to analyse the relationship between two variables and indices of multiple deprivation are constructed to compute the different domains and levels of deprivation. It is evident from the outcomes of the findings of domains of deprivation that the significant proportion of population of Katchi Abadis i.e. approximately 50% of the households suffers from multiple deprivation. The findings emphasize that all settlements have deprivation in all domains (education, economic, housing quality and housing services deprivation, health deprivation); however each settlement has different issues and concerns priority wise. Index of multiple deprivation show 49% of households living below poverty line (US$ 1.25) experience multiple deprivation. The findings also reveal that 60% of households highly to moderately deprived as regards to levels of deprivation while 40% has low deprivation level. In order to increase the standard of living on the grass-root level, “Living Wages” should be used as the standard to measure people’s socio-economic wellbeing instead “Poverty” to maintain a decent standard of living for families of different sizes. Policies should be designed to decrease the level of unemployment on a scale needed for long term poverty alleviation, by creating environment that is conducive to private economic activity at the grass root level.

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Szczuciński, Przemysław. "Analiza skupień w badaniu struktury funkcjonalnej gmin na przykładzie województwa lubuskiego". Turystyka i Rozwój Regionalny, n.º 8 (29 de diciembre de 2017): 105–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/tirr.2017.8.23.

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In theoretical and practical study of regional and local development considerable emphasis is placed on grass-root, local development factors. A particular role in this regard play communes, as subject of the study. This article presents review of selected concepts in commune classification and results of surveys carried out within this scope. The functional structure of communes was specified at the example of Lubuskie Voivodeship, i.e. according to economic role played by them. For that purpose one of cluster analysis method was applied – Ward’s method. The division for selected number of classes was subject to factual and statistical verification. The obtained results may serve as guidance in management of spatial development of the region.

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