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1

Merino, P., S. Franco, F. L. Merchan y T. Tejero. "A Facile Synthesis of Glycosyl Hydroxylamines". Synthetic Communications 27, n.º 20 (1 de octubre de 1997): 3529–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00397919708007074.

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2

MERINO, P., S. FRANCO, F. L. MERCHAN y T. TEJERO. "ChemInform Abstract: A Facile Synthesis of Glycosyl Hydroxylamines". ChemInform 29, n.º 1 (24 de junio de 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199801229.

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3

Nimpaiboon, Adun, Sureerut Amnuaypornsri y Jitladda T. Sakdapipanich. "OBSTRUCTION OF STORAGE HARDENING IN NR BY USING POLAR CHEMICALS". Rubber Chemistry and Technology 89, n.º 2 (1 de junio de 2016): 358–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/rct.16.84825.

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ABSTRACT The effect of the polar chemicals phenol, diethylene glycol, and hydroxylamine hydrochloride on obstruction of storage hardening in NR was examined. A decrease in gel content and molecular weight of NR was observed after addition of diethylene glycol and hydroxylamine hydrochloride, whereas no significant change was observed after addition of phenol. The storage hardening behavior of NR containing these polar chemicals was investigated by accelerated storage with phosphorus pentoxide. The gel content, Mooney viscosity, and Wallace plasticity values of NR containing phenol increased obviously during accelerated storage hardening, whereas these values increased gradually in the presence of diethylene glycol and were constant in the presence of hydroxylamine hydrochloride. The efficiency of these polar chemicals for inhibiting storage hardening in NR follow the order hydroxylamine hydrochloride, diethylene glycol, and phenol, respectively. The mechanism of network formation during accelerated storage hardening was proposed to involve phospholipids at the chain ends of the NR molecule. Molecular structure analysis by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy suggested that hydroxylamine inhibits storage hardening in NR by chemical interaction with phospholipid, apart from its polarity.
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4

Kuryanov, V. O., A. A. Luschtshyk y T. A. Chupakhina. "Glycosylated derivatives of substituted hydroxylamine. II. The phase transfer synthesis and the study of the glycosyl transfer reaction of glucosaminides of substituted hydroxylamine". Russian Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry 39, n.º 4 (julio de 2013): 426–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1068162013030084.

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5

Reihani, Neda y Hamzeh Kiyani. "Three-component Synthesis of 4-Arylidene-3-alkylisoxazol-5(4H)-ones in the Presence of Potassium 2,5-dioxoimidazolidin-1-ide". Current Organic Chemistry 25, n.º 8 (28 de abril de 2021): 950–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1385272825666210212120517.

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An efficient synthesis of 4-arylidene-3-alkylisoxazole-5(4H)-ones has been implemented via the three-component cyclocondensation of aryl(heteroaryl)aldehydes with hydroxylamine hydrochloride and β-ketoesters. The potassium 2,5-dioxoimidazolidin-1-ide has been introduced as the new organocatalyst to facilitate this heterocyclization. In the current process, three starting materials, including substituted benzaldehydes/heterocyclic aromatic aldehydes, hydroxylamine hydrochloride, and ethyl acetoacetate/propyl acetoacetate/butyryl acetoacetate have been successfully used to synthesize the number of substituted isoxazole- 5(4H)-ones in good to high yields in ethylene glycol as a green reaction medium at 80 ºC. The low catalyst loading is also a main advantage over some reported catalysts.
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6

Dietl, Andreas, Wouter Maalcke y Thomas R. M. Barends. "An unexpected reactivity of the P460cofactor in hydroxylamine oxidoreductase". Acta Crystallographica Section D Biological Crystallography 71, n.º 8 (31 de julio de 2015): 1708–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1399004715010706.

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Hydroxylamine oxidoreductases (HAOs) contain a unique haem cofactor called P460that consists of a profoundly ruffledc-type haem with two covalent bonds between the haem porphyrin and a conserved tyrosine. This cofactor is exceptional in that it abstracts electrons from a ligand bound to the haem iron, whereas other haems involved in redox chemistry usually inject electrons into their ligands. The effects of the tyrosine cross-links and of the haem ruffling on the chemistry of this cofactor have been investigated theoretically but are not yet clear. A new crystal structure of an HAO fromCandidatusKuenenia stuttgartiensis, a model organism for anaerobic ammonium oxidation, now shows that its P460cofactor has yet another unexpected reactivity: when ethylene glycol was used as a cryoprotectant, the 1.8 Å resolution electron-density maps showed additional density which could be interpreted as an ethylene glycol molecule covalently bound to the C16atom of the haem ring, opposite the covalent links to the conserved tyrosine. Possible causes for this unexpected reactivity are discussed.
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7

Pesyan, Nader Noroozi, Narmin Akhteh, Hana Batmani, Barış Anıl y Ertan Şahin. "A Facile and Catalyst-free Synthesis of Hexahydroacridine-1,8(2H,5H )-dione and Octahydroacridin-10(1H )-yl)thiourea Derivatives: Inter- and Intramolecular Aza-Michael addition". Heterocyclic Communications 26, n.º 1 (10 de marzo de 2020): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hc-2020-0005.

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AbstractAn easy and convenient technique for the one-pot synthesis of novel compounds of hexahydroacridine-1,8(2H,5H)-dione and octahydroacridin-10(1H)-yl) thiourea derivatives has been developed by the reaction of the octahydro-1H-xanthenes with hydroxylamine hydrochloride and thiosemicarbazide in ethylene glycol, which is a green solvent, under mild reaction conditions. IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR spectrometry, and X-ray diffraction analysis were used to identify the structures of these compounds.
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8

LOPEZ-CAMACHO, Cristina, Jesus SALGADO, Juan Luis LEQUERICA, Alejo MADARRO, Esteban BALLESTAR, Luis FRANCO y Julio POLAINA. "Amino acid substitutions enhancing thermostability of Bacillus polymyxa β-glucosidase A". Biochemical Journal 314, n.º 3 (15 de marzo de 1996): 833–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3140833.

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Mutations enhancing the thermostability of β-glucosidase A of Bacillus polymyxa, a family 1 glycosyl hydrolase, have been obtained after hydroxylamine mutagenesis of a plasmid containing the bglA gene, transformation of Escherichia coli with the mutagenized plasmid, and identification of transformant colonies that showed β-glucosidase activity after a thermal treatment that inactivated the wild-type enzyme. Two additive mutations have been characterized that cause replacement of glutamate at position 96 by lysine and of methionine at position 416 by isoleucine respectively. The thermoresistant mutant enzymes showed increased resistance to other denaturing agents, such as pH and urea, while their kinetic parameters did not change. CD spectra indicated that the E96K replacement caused an increase in α-helix content. The observed effect of the M416I mutation is consistent with the lower content of cysteine and methionine found in family 1 enzymes of thermophilic species compared with similar ones from mesophilic organisms.
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9

Qiu, Quan-Sheng y Nan Zhang. "Water stress inhibits p-nitrophenyl phosphate hydrolysis activity of the plasma membrane H+-ATPase from soybean hypocotyls". Functional Plant Biology 27, n.º 7 (2000): 717. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pp00017.

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The influence of water stress on ATP and p-nitrophenyl phosphate (PNPP) hydrolysis by plasma mem-brane ATPases was investigated using plasma membrane vesicles purified from soybean hypocotyls by the sucrose gradient centrifugation method. Results showed that ATPase activity was reduced after 10% polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000 treatment for 12 h. Water stress also moved the optimal pH from 6.5 to 7.0. A significant decrease in PNPP hydrolysis was observed under PEG treatment. The Km for PNPP hydrolysis was shifted from 2.3042 0.0009 to 2.5048 0.0346 mmol L –1 . Moreover, PNPP hydrolysis was more sensitive to vanadate after PEG treatment, while inhibition of ATP hydrolysis by hydroxylamine was not affected. Our experimental results indicated that water stress changed the catalytic mechanism of the plasma membrane H + -ATPase through affecting the dephosphorylation process catalysed by its phosphatase domain.
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10

Shenoy-Scaria, A. M., D. J. Dietzen, J. Kwong, D. C. Link y D. M. Lublin. "Cysteine3 of Src family protein tyrosine kinase determines palmitoylation and localization in caveolae." Journal of Cell Biology 126, n.º 2 (15 de julio de 1994): 353–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.126.2.353.

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Recent work has demonstrated that p56lck, a member of the Src family of protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs), is modified by palmitoylation of a cysteine residue(s) within the first 10 amino acids of the protein (in addition to amino-terminal myristoylation that is a common modification of the Src family of PTKs). This is now extended to three other members of this family by showing incorporation of [3H]palmitate into p59fyn, p55fgr, and p56hck, but not into p60src. The [3H]palmitate was released by treatment with neutral hydroxylamine, indicating a thioester linkage to the protein. Individual replacement of the two cysteine residues within the first 10 amino acids of p59fyn and p56lck with serine indicated that Cys3 was the major determinant of palmitoylation, as well as association of the PTK with glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins. Introduction of Cys3 into p60src led to its palmitoylation. p59fyn but not p60src partitioned into Triton-insoluble complexes that contain caveolae, microinvaginations of the plasma membrane. Mapping of the requirement for partitioning into caveolae demonstrated that the amino-terminal sequence Met-Gly-Cys is both necessary and sufficient within the context of a Src family PTK to confer localization into caveolae. Palmitoylation of this motif in p59fyn also modestly increased its overall avidity for membranes. These results highlight the role of the amino-terminal motif Met-Gly-Cys in determining the structure and properties of members of the Src family of PTKs.
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11

Babaee, Saeed, Seyed Ghorban Hosseini y Mohammad Mirzaei. "Rapid and selective extraction of trace amount of Pb(II) in aqueous samples using a magnetic ion-imprinted polymer and detection by flame atomic absorption spectrometry". Eclética Química Journal 44, n.º 4 (1 de octubre de 2019): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.26850/1678-4618eqj.v44.4.2019.p73-84.

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A magnetic Pb(II) ion-imprinted polymer was synthesized using magnetic Fe3O4@SiO2 nanospheres as supporter, n-benzoyl-n-phenyl hydroxylamine as ligand, 4-vinyl pyridine as monomer, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as crosslinker and 2,2′-azobis(isobutyronitrile) as the initiator. The template was removed from the polymer using 4 mL of HCl (2 mol L-1). The chemical structure, morphology-particle size, elemental analysis, thermal behavior and magnetic properties of the sorbent were evaluated using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy & ImageJ software - Energy dispersive X-ray system, thermal gravimetric analysis and vibrating sample magnetometry. Various parameters such as pH, equilibrium extraction time, temperature and the eluent were optimized. The results showed the sorbent adsorption capacity was 92.3 mg g-1 in pH 6.0 media, equilibrium time of 7 min at 40 °C. Calibration linearity was 2-150 µg L-1 with detection limit of 0.3 µg L-1. The prepared sorbent had high selectivity and was successfully applied to the removing of lead in real samples.
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12

Veselý, Ivan y Václav Dědek. "Reactivity of 2,2-difluoro-3-methyl-3-butenal toward some O-, N- and C-nucleophiles". Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 50, n.º 12 (1985): 2730–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19852730.

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Addition of nucleophiles to 2,2-difluoro-3-methyl-3-butenal (I) is complicated by its spontaneous polymerization. Compound I afforded neither hydrate nor dimethyl acetal but reacted with ethylene glycol to give the cyclic acetal II. Reaction with acetyl chloride and acetic anhydride led to the respective acetate III and diacetate IV. Satisfactory reaction with N-nucleophiles was observed only in the case of hydroxylamine and dinitrophenylhydrazine. Diethylamine reacted with I only at 150 °C to give the reduction product VI and the ethylaldimine VII. The compound I added nitromethane and sodium cyanide (giving X and XI, respectively); the adducts or products of their reduction with lithium aluminium hydride were hydroxylated at the double bond to give analogues of alcoholic sugars with difluoromethylene group in position 3. Hydroxylation of the butenal I or the acetate III afforded 3,3-difluoro-2,4-dihydroxy-4-methyloxolane (XIX) which was prepared also by cleavage of the acetal XVIII obtained from II by hydroxylation. Addition of bromine to the double bond in III and IV gave the dibromo derivatives XV and XVI; the attempted replacement of bromine in XV and XVI by acetate anion failed. Bromination of I in aqueous medium afforded 3-bromo-2,2-difluoro-3-methyl-4-butanolide (XIV).
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13

Likhtenshtein, Gertz I. "Factors affecting light energy conversion in dual fluorophore-nitroxide molecules in solution and a protein". Pure and Applied Chemistry 80, n.º 10 (1 de enero de 2008): 2125–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200880102125.

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Donor-acceptor structures capable of retaining the charge-photoseparated state during the time long enough for secondary chemical reactions of these charges to occur attract special interest from the viewpoint of the problem of light energy utilization. We proposed dual fluorophore-nitroxide compounds (FNO•) as systems for the conversion of light energy to chemical energy. In these systems, the fluorophore segment in the excited singlet state serves as an electron donor, and the nitroxide segment is an electron acceptor. In FNO•, the photo- and chemical reduction of nitroxide results in the drastic decay of the electron spin resonance (ESR) signal from the nitroxide and the parallel enhancement of fluorescence. The same groups allow one to measure the factors affecting the electron transfer, namely, molecular dynamics and micropolarity of the medium in the vicinity of the donor (by fluorescence technique) and acceptor (by ESR) moieties. We demonstrate that in the dual probes the nitroxide segment is photoreduced to hydroxylamine in solution and in such nanoscale structures as serum albumins. The photoreduction occurs by very weak reducing agents (glycerol, ethanol, ethylene glycol, etc.) without a violation of the fluorophore structure. Therefore, photochemical reactions in the dual compounds with the formation of a reducing agent as hydroxyl amine can be considered as processes of light energy transfer. The nitroxide segment tethered to the donor-bridge-acceptor triad affects the photoseparated charge recombination via the mechanism of spin catalysis. Proficiency of the dual compounds for developing energy conversion systems can be extended by an optimal choice of the participants of the photochemical and -physical processes.
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14

Jiang, Zhiliang, Wenxing Huang, Jiangping Li, Mingshun Li, Aihui Liang, Shengsen Zhang y Bing Chen. "Nanogold Catalysis–Based Immunoresonance-Scattering Spectral Assay for Trace Complement Component 3". Clinical Chemistry 54, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2008): 116–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2007.091801.

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Abstract Background: Complement component 3 (C3) is an essential bridge linking innate immunity and adaptive immunity. We describe an immunonanogold catalytic resonance-scattering (RS) technique for assaying C3 in serum. Methods: We used nanogold to label goat antihuman C3 antibody to obtain an immunonanogold RS probe for C3. The immune reaction between nanogold-labeled antibodies and antigens was carried out in Na2HPO4–sodium citrate buffer, pH 5.6, containing polyethylene glycol. After centrifuging the particle suspension, we used RS to monitor the catalytic effect of nanogold-labeled anti-C3 in the supernatant on the chlorauric acid–hydroxylamine (HAuCl4–NH2OH) particle reaction and used electron microscopy to monitor particle shape. We assayed 36 human serum samples with the immunonanogold catalytic RS assay and immunoturbidimetry. Results: Nanogold-labeled anti-C3 had a marked catalytic effect on the reaction of HAuCl4 and NH2OH to form particles, which exhibit a maximum RS peak at 585 nm. The decrease in RS intensity, ΔIRS, of the nanocatalytic system was proportional to C3 concentration from 5.0 to 160.0 ng/L. The detection limit for the C3 assay was 1.52 ng/L. Results obtained with serum samples agreed with those obtained with an immunoturbidimetric method. A linear regression analysis of 28 nonpathologic serum samples revealed a correlation coefficient of 0.960, with mean (SD) slope and intercept values of 0.787 (0.0218) g/L and 0.28 (0.026) g/L C3, respectively. Conclusion: The immunonanogold catalytic RS assay showed high sensitivity and good selectivity for measuring C3 in human serum. This method may become useful for diagnosing certain diseases, such as hepatitis.
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15

Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna N. y Rajender S. Varma. "Green Synthesis of Ag and Pd Nanospheres, Nanowires, and Nanorods Using VitaminB2: Catalytic Polymerisation of Aniline and Pyrrole". Journal of Nanomaterials 2008 (2008): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/782358.

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For the first time, we report green chemistry approach using vitaminB2in the synthesis of silver (Ag) and palladium (Pd), nanospheres, nanowires, and nanorods at room temperature without using any harmful reducing agents, such as sodium borohydride (NaBH4) or hydroxylamine hydrochloride and any special capping or dispersing agent. VitaminB2was used as reducing agent as well as capping agent due to its high-water solubility, biodegradability, and low-toxicity compared with other reducing agents. The average particle size of nanoprticle was found to be Ag (average size 6.1±0.1 nm) and Pd (average size 4.1±0.1 nm) nanoparticles in ethylene glycol and Ag (average size 5.9±0.1 nm, and average size 6.1±0.1) nanoparticles in acetic acid and NMP, respectively. The formation of noble multiple shape nanostructures and their self assembly were dependent on the solvent employed for the preparation. When water was used as solvent media, Ag and Pd nanoparticles started to self-assemble into rod-like structures and in isopropanol Ag and Pd nanoparticles yielded wire-like structures with a thickness in the range of 10 to 20 nm and several hundred microns in length. In acetone and acetonitrile medium, the Ag and Pd nanoparticles are self-assembled into a regular pattern making nanorod structures with thicknesses ranging from 100 to 200 nm and lengths of a few microns. The so-synthesized nanostructures were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, and UV spectroscopy. The ensuing Ag and Pd nanoparticles catalyzed the reactions of aniline and pyrrole to generate polyaniline and polypyrrole nanofibers and may find various technological and biological applications. This single-step greener approach is general and can be extended to other noble metals and transition metal oxides.
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16

Holben, William E., Kazuhiko Noto, Tatsuo Sumino y Yuichi Suwa. "Molecular Analysis of Bacterial Communities in a Three-Compartment Granular Activated Sludge System Indicates Community-Level Control by Incompatible Nitrification Processes". Applied and Environmental Microbiology 64, n.º 7 (1 de julio de 1998): 2528–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.64.7.2528-2532.1998.

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ABSTRACT Bacterial community structure and the predominant nitrifying activities and populations in each compartment of a three-compartment activated sludge system were determined. Each compartment was originally inoculated with the same activated sludge community entrapped in polyethylene glycol gel granules, and ammonium nitrogen was supplied to the system in an inorganic salts solution at a rate of 5.0 g of N liter of granular activated sludge−1day−1. After 150 days of operation, the system was found to comprise a series of sequential nitrifying reactions (K. Noto, T. Ogasawara, Y. Suwa, and T. Sumino, Water Res. 32:769–773, 1998), presumably mediated by different bacterial populations. Activity data showed that all NH4-N was completely oxidized in compartments one and two (approximately half in each), but no significant nitrite oxidation was observed in these compartments. In contrast, all available nitrite was oxidized to nitrate in compartment three. To study the microbial populations and communities in this system, total bacterial DNA isolated from each compartment was analyzed for community structure based on the G+C contents of the component populations. Compartment one showed dominant populations having 50 and 67% G+C contents. Compartment two was similar in structure to compartment one. The bacterial community in compartment three had dominant populations with 62 and 67% G+C contents and retained the 50% G+C content population only at a greatly diminished level. The 50% G+C content population from compartment one hybridized strongly with amo (ammonia monooxygenase) andhao (hydroxylamine oxidoreductase) gene probes fromNitrosomonas europaea. However, the 50% G+C content population from compartment two hybridized strongly with thehao probe but only weakly with the amoprobe, suggesting that the predominant ammonia-oxidizing populations in compartments one and two might be different. Since different activities and populations come to dominate in each compartment from an identical inoculum, it appears that the nitrification processes may be somewhat incompatible, resulting in a series of sequential reactions and different communities in this three-compartment system.
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17

El-Sayed, Ashraf S. A., Marwa A. Yassin, Salwa A. Khalaf, Mohamed El-Batrik, Gul Shad Ali y Sadik Esener. "Biochemical and Pharmacokinetic Properties of PEGylated Cystathionine γ-Lyase from Aspergillus carneus KF723837". Journal of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology 25, n.º 5 (2015): 301–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000437331.

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Cystathionine &#947;-lyase (CGL) was purified to its electrophoretic homogeneity from<i> Aspergillus carneus</i> by various chromatographic approaches. The purified enzyme has four identical subunits of 52 kDa based on SDS and native PAGE analyses. To improve its structural stability, purified CGL was modified by covalent binding to polyethylene glycol moieties. The specific activity of free-CGL and PEG-CGL was 59.71 and 48.71 U/mg, respectively, with a PEGylation yield of 81.5 and 70.7% modification of surface ε-amino groups. Free- and modified CGL have the same pattern of pH stability (8.0-9.0). At 50°C, the thermal stability [half-life time (T<sub>1/2</sub>)] of PEG-CGL was increased by 40% in comparison to free-CGL. The activity of CGL was completely inhibited by hydroxylamine and Hg<sup>+2</sup>, with no effect by EDTA. Free-CGL (0.04 m<smlcap>M</smlcap><sup>-1</sup>s<sup>-1</sup>) and PEG-CGL (0.03 m<smlcap>M</smlcap><sup>-1</sup>s<sup>-1</sup>) have a similar catalytic efficiency to <smlcap>L</smlcap>-cystathionine as a substrate. The inhibition constant values of propargylglycine were 0.31 and 0.52 µ<smlcap>M</smlcap> for the free- and PEG-CGL, respectively. By in vitro proteolysis, PEG-CGL retains >50% of its initial activity compared to <10% of the free-CGL for acid protease for 30 min. From in vivo pharmacokinetics in New Zealand white rabbits, the T<sub>1/2</sub> was 19.1 and 28.9 h for the Holo free-CGL and PEG-CGL, respectively, ensuring the role of PEGylation on shielding the CGL surface from proteolytic attack, reducing its antigenicity, and stabilizing its internal Schiff base. By external infusion of pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (10 µ<smlcap>M</smlcap>), the T<sub>1/2</sub> of free- and PEG-CGL was prolonged to 24 and 33 h, respectively, so dissociation of pyridoxal 5′-phosphate was one of the main causes of loss of enzyme activity. The biochemical and hematological responses of rabbits to free- and PEG-CGL were assessed, with relative similarity to the negative control, confirming the nil toxicity of enzymes. The titer of IgG was duplicated in response to free- versus PEG-CGL after 45 days. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report concerned with purification and PEGylation of CGL from fungi, with higher affinity for <smlcap>L</smlcap>-cystathionine. With further molecular studies, CGL will be a promising enzyme against various cardiovascular diseases and antioxidant deficiency, as well as for generation of a neurotransmitter (H<sub>2</sub>S).
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