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Tesis sobre el tema "GLONASS"

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Autor: Grafiati
Publicado: 4 de junio de 2021
Última modificación: 20 de febrero de 2023

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1

Mahdere, Yafet. "Egenskap och precision av GNSS BeiDou, Navstar (GPS), GLONASS samt kombinationen av GPS/GLONASS". Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-83207.

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Eftersom att både GNSS GPS och GLONASS har många likheter så finns möjlighet att utnyttja systemen i kombination. Dock föreligger olikheter vilket gör att systemen inte är fullkomlig kompatibla med varandra. Diskrepans i koordinater och tidsram utgör ett stort hinder för att kombinera dessa system. Men lösningar för koordinatstransformering har tagits fram för att eliminera dessa divergenser (Roßbach, 2001) BeiDou GNSS system till skillnad från GNSS GPS/GLONASS är ett av det senaste etablerade navigationssystem, vilket ställer frågor för användare om systemets kvalitéer och brister. Denna studie behandlar väldigt översiktligt om hur BeiDou systemet tillkom och bakgrunden, karaktärer samt ambitionen som är framlagt för systemet. BeiDou som ursprungligen kallades för COMPASS hade inte samma ändamål som GLONASS och GPS att tillfredsställa sina användare med globalt navigationssystem, intentionen med systemet var mestadels för positioneringssystem som skulle användas regionalt och för militära ändamål, men med tiden ökade ambitionen hos tillverkaren och en ny plan alstrades. planen var att satsa på att bli en av världsledande positionering och navigationssystem, och det skulle etableras och utnyttjas världen över. GLONASS och NAVSTARs GPS vilka är stora konkurrenter av produktutveckling inom rymd teknologi, har framställt världens mest noggranna och effektiva satellitsystemen. Även om ändamålen för dessa systemen hade sin utgångspunkt för applikation inom det militära avseende, har de gjort tillgängliga för diverse civil användning. GNSS GPS/GLONASS kan i vissa fall visa brister på uppkopplingshastighet men också mätningsprecision vid användning på egen hand, detta p.g.a. att antalet synliga och uppnåbara satelliter är begränsande. Detta har gett upphov till vidare studier inom systemens karaktärer samt implementering av kombination GNSS GPS/GLONASS. Emedan både systemen tillsammans består av 48 satelliter, att hitta tillfredställande antal satelliter under alla omständigheter underlättas. Systemen innehöll implikationer i sina grundinställningar som försvårar tillämpning av dessa i kombination. Satelliterna skickar information om sina positioner på två olika metoder, PZ-90 för GLONASS och WGS-84 för GPS. Metoderna är väldigt lika varandra med skiljer sig någorlunda i sättet de utför sina beräkningar. Denna skiljaktighet skapades då systemen ej hade som avsikt att samarbeta och eventuellt integrera med varandra vilket gjorde att utvecklingen av båda GNSS gick isär. Detta innebär att transformation av satellitinformation är nödvändigt för att uppnå tillförlitliga lösningar, då GNSS ska sammanställas och användas integrerat.
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2

Habrich, Heinz. "Geodetic applications of the global navigation satellite system (GLONASS) and of GLONASS/GPS combinations /". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1999. http://www.ub.unibe.ch/content/bibliotheken_sammlungen/sondersammlungen/dissen_bestellformular/index_ger.html.

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3

Aronsson, Anders. "Bidrar GLONASS till bättre positionering?" Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för humaniora och samhällsvetenskap (from 2013), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-28316.

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Från den 1 april 2006 gavs möjligheten att använda GLONASS-systemet vid NRTK-mätningar som dessförinnan enbart använde sig av GPS-systemet. Allt fler inbyggda positioneringstjänster i vår nya teknik går nu mot att börja använda sig av både GPS och GLONASS-systemen. Tillgången till både amerikanska och ryska satelliter borde göra att vi får bättre, mer exakta och stabila mätningar vid dåliga förhållanden. Men är verkligen följden av att använda fler satelliter lösningen, eller räcker det i vissa tillfällen med enbart GPS-satelliter. Är den mer utbreda användningen av GLONASS-satelliter bara marknadsföring från företagen för att få sälja mer, dyrare och nyare produkter och därmed lura konsumenten att den är i behov av uppgraderade produkter som har GLONASS-stöd. Syftet var att undersöka om GPS och GLONASS förbättrar mätningarna och tillgängligheten i öppna respektive störda miljöer eller är det bara onödigt för konsumenten att sträva efter att positioneringsverktyget i ny teknik ska stödja båda satellitsystemen. En annan fråga är om det finns viss ny teknik som är tillämpade för olika områden där behovet är antingen större av GPS och GLONASS eller de områden där enbart GPS räcker till och ger minst lika goda mätningar och positionering. I detta examensarbete gjordes NRTK mätningar mot SWEPOS på ett antal kända punkter vid Karlstads Universitet där punkterna hade olika förutsättningar så som öppna och störda miljöer. Mätningarna gjordes med enbart GPS- respektive med GPS och GLONASS-satelliter påslagna. De bestämda koordinaterna i plan för de kända punkterna jämfördes med koordinaterna från mätningarna med enbart GPS respektive med GPS och GLONASS. De extra GLONASS-satelliterna är bra att använda sig av när man ska mäta i störda miljöer, de hjälper till att få en bättre noggrannhet. När man dock är i icke störda miljöer med fri sikt mot satelliterna räcker enbart GPS-satelliterna långt. Med den nya tekniken som kommer så finns ofta GLONASS-systemet inbyggt och är i de flesta fall är ingen ytterligare kostnad som konsumenten behöver ta utan är endast ett bra komplement oavsett användningsområde.
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4

Baker, David Frederick. "The performance of hybrid GPS and GLONASS". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2001. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11268/.

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In recent years, the market served by satellite positioning systems has expanded exponentially. It is stimulated by the needs of an ever increasing number and variety of scientific, business and leisure applications. The dominant system is the USA's GPS, or Global Positioning System. However, GPS is not a panacea for all positioning tasks, in any environmental situation. For example, two of the fastest growing applications, vehicle tracking and personal location, operate in an often harsh signal reception environment. This can be so severe that even with the current 29 working satellites, GPS may struggle to perform. In exceptional circumstances it can fail to provide a positioning service at all. The simplest way to improve the situation when signal reception is poor, is to add similar signals from alternative satellite systems. This has already been achieved by combining GPS with the Russian satellite positioning system, Global'naya Navigatsionnaya Sputnikova Sistema, abbreviated to GLONASS. The combination of GPS with GLONASS is referred to here as Hybrid. But how good is Hybrid relative to GPS, and how can performance be evaluated objectively? The research project presented here set out to answer this question, and to understand the situations in which Hybrid failed, and ask what solutions were then available to fulfil a positioning task. The problems associated with integrating one satellite positioning system with another, their potential inconsistencies and their impact on positioning errors were also examined. This field of research is relevant to Hybrid as defined here, and also to other mixed systems, for example GPS with EGNOS, a European geostationary satellite system, and GPS with Galileo, a proposed global system controlled by the Europeans. The issues were addressed from the viewpoint of practical usage of the positioning systems. Hence the many and varied experiments to quantify positioning performance using both static receivers, and a variety of platforms with wide ranging levels of vehicle dynamics. The capability of satellite positioning systems to work in the harshest environments, was tested in the proposed Olympic sport of bob skeleton. This involved the development of the acquisition system, and a number of programs. The latter were equally applicable to the ensuing work with road vehicles, and the quantitative assessment of positioning performance relative to a truth. The processes established to manipulate, import, and merge satellite based vehicle tracking data with Ordnance Survey digital mapping products, have already been used in four other projects within the School of Civil Engineering. The software to regularise positioning interval, smoothing processes, and to compare tracking data with a truth, have been similarly provided. Without major funding the outlook for GLONASS and hence Hybrid looks bleak, and it is predicted that without replenishment the constellation may fall to six satellites by the end of 2001. However as mentioned above, the issues identified, and ideas and software developed in this research, will be directly applicable to any future hybridisation of GPS with Galileo.
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5

Swann, John W. "Advantages and problems of combining GPS with GLONASS". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1999. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11284/.

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The Global Positioning System (GPS) has been an undoubted success and a great many applications have benefited from it. It does however have limitations, which make its use in certain environments, and for certain tasks, difficult or indeed impossible.In recent years a second satellite based navigation system, the Global'naya Navigatsionnaya Sputnikov Sistema (GLONASS) has become increasingly available. A great deal of interest has been expressed in combining both these systems, in the hope that combined GPS/GLONASS technology will present significant benefits under conditions where GPS alone has struggled. The research described in this thesis was undertaken to examine the potential benefits and problems of such a combination. This has been primarily achieved through the modification of the existing GPS processing software of the Institute of Engineering Surveying and Space Geodesy (IESSG) to accept GLONASS observations. The analysis of data collected under controlled conditions and processed through this software has highlighted biases in the pseudorange measurements from the GLONASS satellites. This is due to the fact that each GLONASS satellite broadcasts on a different frequency, which is then delayed by slightly different amounts through the Radio Frequency (R/F) section of the receiver. If these R/F sections were identical in each receiver, this error source would cancel, but this has not been found to be the case with the receivers used in this research. Interestingly, no such biases have found to be present in the GLONASS carrier phase observations. Various tests have been performed and the data processed through both IESSG and commercially available software. These have highlighted that there are undoubted potential benefits of using combined GPS/GLONASS receivers in environments where visibility is restricted. Under ideal conditions however, the effect of any benefit is reduced, and indeed the biases present in the GLONASS pseudoranges may slightly degrade the accuracy of differential positioning. The software developed has already been used in other research projects within the IESSG. Although the future of the GLONASS system is somewhat uncertain, any future changes to it should be easily accounted for within the code. There is however a real need to further develop and incorporate cycle slip detection software, especially for GLONASS observations, and to investigate the possibility of solving for the biases in the GLONASS pseudoranges.
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6

Hui, Liu y Zhang Qishan. "ANALYSIS ON THE COVERAGE CHARACTERISTICS OF GLONASS CONSTELLATION". International Foundation for Telemetering, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/606822.

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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 25-28, 1999 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada
The coverage characteristics of the GLONASS constellation is analyzed. The almanac data of GLONASS navigation message are used in the computation according to the operation of the satellites. The ground traces of the GLONASS satellites are plotted. And the probability of visible satellite number is calculated under different latitude conditions. The results are analyzed to give descriptions of the GLONASS constellation. And they are compared with those of GPS's. The conclusion is verified that GLONASS constellation provides better coverage at high latitude.
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7

Hui, Liu, Cheng Leelung y Zhang Qishan. "THE DESIGN OF C/A CODE GLONASS RECEIVER". International Foundation for Telemetering, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/609824.

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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 27-30, 1997 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada
GLONASS is similar to GPS in many aspects such as system configuration, navigation mechanism, signal structure, etc.. There exists the possibility of receiving and processing GLONASS signals with GPS technology. The frequency plan of the GLONASS system is different from that of GPS. This makes the front-end of GLONASS receiver more complicated. The work here manifests our initial effort in GLONASS receiving. A design scheme is proposed of a C/A code GLONASS receiver.
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8

Martin, Ian. "GNSS precise point positioning : the enhancement with GLONASS". Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/2192.

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Precise Point Positioning (PPP) provides GNSS navigation using a stand-alone receiver with no base station. As a technique PPP suffers from long convergence times and quality degradation during periods of poor satellite visibility or geometry. Many applications require reliable realtime centimetre level positioning with worldwide coverage, and a short initialisation time. To achieve these goals, this thesis considers the use of GLONASS in conjunction with GPS in kinematic PPP. This increases the number of satellites visible to the receiver, improving the geometry of the visible satellite constellation. To assess the impact of using GLONASS with PPP, it was necessary to build a real time mode PPP program. pppncl was constructed using a combination of Fortran and Python to be capable of processing GNSS observations with precise satellite ephemeris data in the standardised RINEX and SP3 formats respectively. pppncl was validated in GPS mode using both static sites and kinematic datasets. In GPS only mode, one sigma accuracy of 6.4mm and 13mm in the horizontal and vertical respectively for 24h static positioning was seen. Kinematic horizontal and vertical accuracies of 21mm and 33mm were demonstrated. pppncl was extended to assess the impact of using GLONASS observations in addition to GPS in static and kinematic PPP. Using ESA and Veripos Apex G2 satellite orbit and clock products, the average time until 10cm 1D static accuracy was achieved, over a range of globally distributed sites, was seen to reduce by up to 47%. Kinematic positioning was tested for different modes of transport using real world datasets. GPS/GLONAS SPPP reduced the convergence time to decimetre accuracy by up to a factor of three. Positioning was seen to be more robust in comparison to GPS only PPP, primarily due to cycle slips not being present on both satellite systems on the occasions when they occurred, and the reduced impact of undetected outliers.
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9

Reußner, Nico. "Die GLONASS-Mehrdeutigkeitslösung beim Precise Point Positioning (PPP)". Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-202164.

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Precise Point Positioning (PPP) ermöglicht eine präzise Positionsbestimmung mittels globaler Satellitennavigationssysteme (Global Navigation Satellite System, GNSS) ohne die direkte Verwendung der Beobachtungsdaten von regionalen Referenzstationen. Die wesentlichste Einschränkung von PPP im Vergleich zu differenziellen Auswertetechniken (Real-Time Kinematic, RTK) ist die deutlich längere Konvergenzzeit. Voraussetzung für die Verkürzung der Konvergenzzeit ist die Festsetzung der geschätzten Mehrdeutigkeiten auf ganzzahlige Werte. Die Mehrdeutigkeitslösung verlangt ein robustes funktionales Modell und beruht auf einem zweistufigen Mehrdeutigkeitsfestsetzungsverfahren, welches frei von ionosphärischen Einflüssen 1. Ordnung ist. Die sowohl auf Code- als auch auf Phasenbeobachtungen basierende Melbourne-Wübbena-Linearkombination erlaubt hierbei eine einfache Festsetzung der Widelane-Mehrdeutigkeiten. Infolgedessen kann zur Berechnung der ionosphären-freien Linearkombination die im Vergleich zur Wellenlänge der ionosphären-freien Linearkombination deutlich größere Narrowlane-Wellenlänge verwendet werden. Zur Stabilisierung des im Normalfall lediglich auf den Beobachtungsdaten des amerikanischen Global Positioning System (GPS) beruhenden funktionalen Modells können die Beobachtungsdaten des russischen GLObal’naya NAvigatsioannaya Sputnikovaya Sistema (GLONASS) beitragen. Aufgrund der Technik, die GLONASS zur Identifizierung der einzelnen Satelliten einsetzt (Frequency Division Multiple Access, FDMA), unterscheiden sich die Frequenzen der einzelnen Satelliten. Die leicht unterschiedlichen Frequenzen erschweren die Modellierung und Korrektion der instrumentell bedingten Signalverzögerungen (z. B. Fractional-Cycle Biases (FCB)). Vor diesem Hintergrund kann das konventionelle Mehrdeutigkeitsfestsetzungsverfahren nur bedingt für GLONASS verwendet werden. Die Untersuchung der instrumentell bedingten GLONASS-Signalverzögerungen sowie die Entwicklung einer alternativen Methode zur Festsetzung der GLONASS-Mehrdeutigkeiten mit dem Ziel einer kombinierten GPS/GLONASS-Mehrdeutigkeitslösung sind die Schwerpunkte der vorliegenden Arbeit. Die entwickelte alternative Mehrdeutigkeitsfestsetzungsstrategie baut auf der puren Widelane-Linearkombination auf, weshalb globale Ionosphärenmodelle unabdingbar sind. Sie eignet sich sowohl für GLONASS als auch für GPS und zeigt gleichwertige Ergebnisse für beide GNSS, wenngleich im Vergleich zur konventionellen Methode mit geringeren Mehrdeutigkeitsfestsetzungsquoten zu rechnen ist
Precise Point Positioning (PPP) allows for accurate Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) based positioning without the immediate need for observations collected by regional station networks. The fundamental drawback of PPP in comparison to differential techniques such as Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) is a significant increase in convergence time. Among a plurality of different measures aiming for a reduction of convergence time, fixing the estimated carrier phase ambiguities to integer values is the key technique for success. The ambiguity resolution asks for a robust functional model and rests upon a two-stage method ruling out first-order ionospheric effects. In this context the Melbourne-Wübbena linear combination of dual-frequency carrier phase and code measurements leverages a simple resolution of widelane ambiguities. As a consequence the in comparison to the wavelength of the ionosphere-free linear combination significantly longer narrowlane wavelength can be used to form the ionosphere-free linear combination. By default the applied functional model is solely based on observations of the Global Positioning System (GPS). However measurements from the GLObal’naya NAvigatsioannaya Sputnikovaya Sistema (GLONASS) can contribute to improve the model’s stability significantly. Due to the technique used by GLONASS to distinguish individual satellites (Frequency Division Multiple Access, FDMA), the signals broadcast by those satellites differ in their frequencies. The resulting slightly different frequencies constitute a barricade for both modelling and correcting any device-dependent signal delays, e.g. fractional-cycle biases (FCB). These facts limit the applicability of the conventional ambiguity-fixing approach when it comes to GLONASS signals. The present work puts a focus both on investigating the device-dependent GLONASS signal delays and on developing an alternative method for fixing GLONASS ambiguities with the ultimate objective of a combined GPS/GLONASS ambiguity resolution. The alternative ambiguity resolution strategy is based on the pure widelane linear combination, for which reason ionospheric corrections are indispensable. The procedure is applicable for GLONASS in the first instance but reveals equivalent results for both GPS and GLONASS. The disadvantage relative to the conventional approach is the reduced ambiguity fixing success rate
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10

Mohammed, Jareer Jaber. "Precise Point Positioning (PPP) : GPS vs. GLONASS and GPS+GLONASS with an alternative strategy for tropospheric Zenith Total Delay (ZTD) estimation". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/45468/.

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Different Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) constellations are available these days. This has led to an increase in the number of satellites available for the user, and that presents different performance levels for the user requirements like accuracy and convergence time. However, these benefits come from different constellations that have different reference times and for some, different frequencies. At the same time, the Precise Point Positioning (PPP) has also been presented as being a position solution within a certain level of accuracy and precision. Therefore, it is important to investigate the potential benefits from the PPP with a view to using a single or multi-constellation. These investigations include accuracy, precision, and convergence time. In addition, it is important to look at the individual performance of these constellations regarding the above improvements. This will give a clear decision about adopting a single or multi-constellation. It will also provide an independent solution, for instance for the station coordinates and troposphere, and independent estimated station velocities, without additional cost. This research has been conducted in three stages. Firstly, the research begins with an evaluation of the GPS and the GLONASS (GLO) constellation geometry using a new approach for computing the cumulative dilution of precision (DOP) rather than the conventional DOP which was found to be latitude-dependent. Then it investigates the achievable station coordinate accuracy from PPP scenarios for static positioning after choosing the most appropriate PPP strategy that needs to be followed. Furthermore, the effect of different precise products (satellite orbits and clocks) on the PPP solutions and the difference between those products has been covered. It has been proven that PPP solutions can reach the same precision as a Global Double-Difference (GDD) GPS solution. Most importantly, the PPP GLO is found to be capable of producing similar precision and accuracy when compared to PPP GPS as well as the GDD GPS solution. Secondly, this research also investigates the conventional strategy (using a model for the hydrostatic component and estimating the wet component) for estimating the troposphere Zenith Total Delay (ZTD) from the PPP solutions with an evaluation of the obtained accuracy of the tropospheric ZTD from four tropospheric models. It also presents an alternative strategy (estimating both components using different mapping functions and different process noises) for estimating the tropospheric ZTD from the PPP that can give millimeters of ZTD accuracy without affecting the station coordinate estimation and without relying on any metrological data or models. Validations have been conducted for the new strategy using PPP GPS, PPP GLO and PPP GPS+GLO. Regional validation was conducted over seven consecutive days for seven weeks, using the Ordnance Survey of Great Britain (OSGB) stations in the UK, and long-term (over one year) validation was conducted using 22 stations from the OSGB. The regional and long-term validations have been conducted using three different final precise products (satellite orbits (SP3) and clocks (CLK)), which are the EMX, ESA and GFZ. A global validation using ~76 IGS stations was conducted over a different period. This was conducted in three stages, using the final EMX, final IGS and real-time IGS precise products. It was found that this approach can be used in real-time as well as in post processing without a significant difference between the results. Finally, this research has investigated the potential of using the PPP GLO for crustal motion separate to using the PPP GPS. Consistent horizontal station rates were found between PPP GPS and GDD GPS solutions. It was also concluded that it should be possible to use the PPP GLO for crustal motion, as an independent and precise solution. However, there was a bias in the orientation components of the estimated horizontal station rates between the PPP GLO and both other solutions (PPP GPS and GDD GPS), which was concluded to be a system bias rather than a strategy bias.
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Євдокименко, В. Ю. "Синтезатор частоти коротко-хвильового діапазону системи ГЛОНАСС". Master's thesis, Cумський державний університет, 2019. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/75608.

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Робота містить: 91 сторінок, 46 рисунка, 17 таблиць, 26 джерел літератури. Об’єктом дослідження роботи є синтезатор частот короткохвильового діапазону для системи ГЛОНАСС. Мета роботи полягає у розробці приладу, який буде генерувати сигнали заданого діапазону частоти, матиме можливість швидкого перемикання робочих частот, високу стабільність та точність . У ході виконання роботи були розглянуті методи синтезу частот, різновиди їх структурних схем та їх реалізація на тих чи інших елементах. За основу було взято мікроконтролер AT89S51, апаратний драйвер MAX232 та система фазового автоматичного настроювання частоти. Було розроблено структурну, функціональну та принципову схеми. Також було розроблено елемент програмного забезпечення для ділення частоти лічильником.
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Wallerström, Mattias y Fredrik Johnsson. "En nätverks-RTK-jämförelse mellan GPS och GPS/GLONASS". Thesis, University of Gävle, Department of Technology and Built Environment, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-130.

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Från den 1 april 2006 har SWEPOS kompletterat den befintliga nätverks-RTK-tjänsten, som dittills levererat RTK-data för GPS, med ett alternativ där RTK-data för GPS/GLONASS levereras. En del användare har rapporterat att de upplever att GPS/GLONASS inte tillför något och även att det ibland kan ta längre tid att få fixlösning. Andra användare hävdar att de nu kan använda nätverks-RTK på platser där de tidigare inte kunde mäta och är mycket positiva till GPS/GLONASS.

Syftet med detta examensarbete var att undersöka hur tillgängligheten för satellitmätning, positionsnoggrannheten och initialiseringstiden påverkades i öppna respektive störda miljöer med GPS/GLONASS jämfört med enbart GPS vid användandet av nätverks-RTK-tjänsten. Undersökningen har utförts med tre olika fabrikat av GNSS-mottagare (Leica, Topcon och Trimble), vilket även medger att en jämförelse mellan dessa till viss utsträckning kan göras.

I studien gjordes totalt 1 440 mätningar på sex punkter med kända positioner och med olika grad av sikthinder. Fixlösning uppnåddes inte inom 180 sekunder för 206 (77 för GPS/GLONASS och 129 för GPS) av de 1 440 mätningarna.

De extra GLONASS-satelliterna tillför en klar fördel när det gäller möjligheten att mäta i störda miljöer. När det gäller initialiseringstid så är dessa kortare för GPS/GLONASS. GLONASS-satelliterna ger ingen förbättring av positionsnoggrannheten. Det är till och med så att GPS får något bättre kvalitetstal i både plan och höjd i denna studie (1-3 mm bättre). För de olika fabrikaten kan det konstateras att precision och noggrannhet är likvärdiga i både plan och höjd för alla tre märken.


On the 1st of April 2006, SWEPOS complemented the existing network RTK service with corrections for the Russian satellite system GLONASS. The service had so far only provided corrections for GPS. Some users have claimed that GPS/GLONASS do not contribute at all and also that the time for initialization sometimes can be longer. However, other users insist on that they now can use network RTK in areas that earlier were impossible and they are very favourable of GPS/GLONASS.

The purposes of this diploma work were to study and examine measurements using GPS and GPS/GLONASS in areas with different degrees of visual obstacles. Corrections were provided by SWEPOS Network RTK service and availability of satellites, accuracy of position and time for initialization were evaluated. The study has been conducted with three different brands of GNSS receivers (Leica, Topcon and Trimble), which also to some extent makes a comparison between the three brands possible.

A total number of 1 440 field measurements were made on six well-known points with different degrees of visual obstacles. A fixed solution was not accomplished within 180 seconds for 206 (77 for GPS/GLONASS and 129 for GPS) of the 1 440 measurements.

The additional GLONASS satellites provide an apparent advantage regarding the possibility to measure in disturbed environments. The time for initialization is shorter for GPS/GLONASS. The GLONASS satellites do not give any improvement in accuracy of position. On the contrary, GPS receives slightly better accuracy numbers in quality for both horizontal and vertical readings (1-3 mm better). Regarding the different brands, it was found that the precision and accuracy were similar in both plane and height for all three brands.

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Reisdorf, Pierre. "Satellitengestützte Fahrzeuglokalisierung in urbanen Gebieten mit GPS und GLONASS". Master's thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-91418.

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Navigationssysteme sollen nach Möglichkeit an jedem Ort und zu jeder Zeit funktionieren. Satellitennavigationssysteme unterliegen jedoch gewissen äußerlichen Einschränkungen, die die Positionierung erschweren oder erheblich verschlechtern. In einem urbanen Gebiet sind die Einflüsse auf die Positionierung mit Satellitensystemen durch die eingeschränkten räumlichen Verhältnisse besonders groß. Sowohl Mehrwege-Effekte wie auch die Verkleinerung des Sichtbereiches zu den Satelliten treten deutlich mehr auf. Mit der Verwendung von mehreren Satellitensystemen soll versucht werden, die Positionierung im urbanen Gebiet zu verbessern oder überhaupt erst möglich zu machen. Zur Untersuchung werden dafür die Eigenschaften Verfügbarkeit, Genauigkeit und Integrität für GPS, für GLONASS und für beide Systeme als ein Gesamtsystem genauer betrachtet.
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Peng, Song, Chen Xiao-yu y Qi Jian-zhong. "Analysis of a Combined GLONASS/Compass-I Navigation Algorithm". International Foundation for Telemetering, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/595792.

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ITC/USA 2011 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-Seventh Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 24-27, 2011 / Bally's Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada
Compass-I system is China has built satellite navigation system. It's a kind of regional position system according to the double-star position principle. Commonly, Compass-I system need adopt active position, in the paper several passive position methods are put forward. A combination navigation mode based on GLONASS and Compass-I passive navigation is proposed in this paper. The differences of coordinates and time systems between those two navigation systems are analyzed. User position is calculated by least squares method. Combination Navigation Algorithm can improve visible satellite constellation structure and positioning precision so as to ensure the reliability and continuity of positioning result.
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Junior, Ney Luiz Montes. "Desenvolvimento de um pseudo-satélite para o sistema GLONASS". Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, 2006. http://www.bd.bibl.ita.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=297.

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Um pseudo-satélite para o GLONASS foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de dominar parte da tecnologia do sistema de posicionamento global da Federação Russa. Para alcançar este objetivo a implementação de um firmware, constituído pelas funções e operações a serem realizadas pelo pseudo-satélite referentes aos dados de navegação, bem como circuitos de geração e envio de dados, foi realizada. O firmware GLONASS foi carregado num circuito CPLD (complex programmable logic device), o que permitiu que fossem aplicados os conhecimentos adquiridos com o desenvolvimento do pseudo-satélite para o GPS. Resultados experimentais foram comparados a resultados de simulações, mostrando-se consistentes. Por fim, conclusões e propostas para futuros trabalhos são apresentadas.
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SILVA, Emanoel Gomes de Sousa. "Avaliação da qualidade do posicionamento por satélites com integração GPS/GLONASS". Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2015. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/16121.

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O posicionamento geodésico atualmente é realizado em sua maioria a partir do GNSS. Dentre os sistemas disponíveis, o GPS ainda é o mais utilizado na atualidade, porém, o GLONASS está totalmente operacional, o que torna possível a aplicação de sistema multi-constelação no posicionamento geodésico. Os dois sistemas encontram-se em fase de modernização, o que permite estudos e pesquisas relacionadas à integração dos sinais GPS e GLONASS (GPS/GLONASS), seja para fins de posicionamento geodésico ou em outras atividades da comunidade usuária, dentro das engenharias e pesquisas científicas. Dentre os métodos de posicionamento, destaca-se o método PPP, o qual tem sido alvo de muitas investigações e melhoramentos nos últimos anos em função das melhorias nos produtos disponíveis pelos centros do IGS. O PPP em sua forma convencional requer o uso de medidas em duas frequências, órbitas e correções precisas dos erros dos relógios dos satélites, além da modelagem matemática para corrigir os diversos efeitos envolvidos com a propagação dos sinais GNSS e efeitos geodinâmicos afetando as estações terrestres. Uma vez que os diversos efeitos tenham sido corrigidos, espera-se precisão da ordem de poucos centímetros na estimativa de coordenadas no método PPP após algumas horas de coleta de dados. A integração GPS/GLONASS no PPP requer compatibilização entre sistemas de referência e sistemas de tempo. Espera-se que a utilização de dados GPS/GLONASS, forneça melhor geometria para estimativa dos parâmetros, além de proporcionar maior redundância para o ajustamento, o que gera maior confiabilidade (capacidade de detectar erros) nos resultados. Dentro deste contexto, esta pesquisa tem como objetivos investigar a modelagem matemática para a integração de dados GPS/GLONAS no método PPP, além de avaliar a acurácia do posicionamento para dados coletados no Brasil. Análises qualitativas foram realizadas para verificar o impacto da utilização das medidas GLONASS juntamente com medidas GPS no PPP considerando o caso de posicionamento estático e cinemático. A análise das precisões dos parâmetros foi realizada a priori com base na construção da matriz Jacobiana (matriz A), a qual não requer o uso de observações GNSS. A partir desta matriz se obtém a matriz N e sua inversa proporciona a Matriz de Covariância dos parâmetros. Esta tarefa é muito útil, por exemplo, no planejamento de redes Avaliação da qualidade do posicionamento GNSS com integração GPS/GLONASS Emanoel Gomes de Sousa Silva geodésicas e, no caso da integração GPS/GLONASS no método PPP observou-se melhorias nas estimativas das precisões das coordenadas em torno de 30%. A precisão da componente úmida da troposfera, no caso da análise a priori, foi de até 20% com observações em dias distintos de um ano. Para a análise de acurácia no caso de posicionamento cinemático, as coordenadas estimadas no método relativo foram adotadas como referência em relação ao PPP cinemático. No caso de análise de acurácia do PPP estático as coordenadas divulgadas das estações da RBMC e da rede SIRGAS-CON foram adotadas como referência. Foram processados no modo PPP estático dados de cinco estações distribuídas em diferentes latitudes no Brasil ao longo do ano de 2013 com a geração de séries temporais anuais de coordenadas. A melhoria em acurácia posicional ao utilizar integração GPS/GLONASS atingiu máximo de aproximadamente 25%. Além disto, observaram-se melhorias no tempo de convergência do PPP.
The geodetic positioning is currently accomplished in most of part by using GNSS. Among available systems, GPS is still the most widely used nowadays; however GLONASS is totally operational, what turns possible the application of multi-constellation system in the geodetic positioning. Both GPS and GLONASS (GPS/GLONASS) are under modernization process allowing studies about integration of signals either for geodetic positioning purposes or other activities in the engineering field and scientific researches. Among the geodetic positioning methods the PPP method (Precise Point Positioning) has been widely investigated in the last years and experienced many improvements, as for instance due to improvements in available products through IGS centers. The PPP in its conventional form requires the use of measures on two frequencies, precise orbits and correction of satellite clock error as well as adequate mathematical modeling to correct for several effects involved in the spread of GNSS signals and geodynamic effects affecting ground stations. Once the various effects have been corrected, it is expected coordinates accuracy of a few centimeters in the PPP method after a few hours of data collection. The Combined GPS/GLONASS in PPP requires compatibility between reference systems and time systems. It is expected that the use of GPS/GLONASS data, provide better geometry to estimate parameters and also provide increased redundancy for the adjustment, which generates higher reliability (ability to detect errors) in the results. Within this context, the aim of this research is to investigate the mathematical model for the Combined GPS/GLONASS data in the PPP method and evaluate the accuracy of positioning for data collected in Brazil. Qualitative analyzes were performed to verify the impact of using GLONASS together with GPS measurements in PPP considering static and kinematic positioning. Precision analysis of parameters was a priori performed based on the inverse of the matrix N. This task is very useful a for instance in geodetic network planning and for GPS/GLONASS integrations in PPP it was observed improvements of the order of 30% in the estimated precision. The parameter related with tropospheric wet delay was also a priori analyzed and improvements of up to 20% were observed at different days of a year. In the case of kinematic positioning, the coordinates estimated in the relative method were adopted as reference to compute Avaliação da qualidade do posicionamento GNSS com integração GPS/GLONASS Emanoel Gomes de Sousa Silva accuracy of kinematic PPP. Concerning the static positioning it was used as ground truth official coordinates of RBMC stations and SIRGAS-CON network. For the static PPP, it was processed data from five stations distributed in different latitudes along of Brazil in the year 2013 with generations of time series of coordinates. The Improvement in positional accuracy when applying GPS/GLONASS reached maximum value of 25%. Besides that, it was observed improvements in the PPP convergence time.
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17

Biron, Annie. "Intégration des systèmes de positionnement par satellites GPS et GLONASS". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ60616.pdf.

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18

Toluc, Ahmet Bayram. "Multi-GNSS Precise Point Positioning Using GPS, GLONASS and Galileo". The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1471490165.

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Carcanague, Sébastien. "Low-cost GPS/GLONASS Precise Positioning algorithm in Constrained Environment". Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013INPT0004/document.

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Le GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System), et en particulier sa composante actuelle le système américain GPS et le système russe GLONASS, sont aujourd'hui utilisés pour des applications géodésiques afin d'obtenir un positionnement précis, de l'ordre du centimètre. Cela nécessite un certain nombre de traitements complexes, des équipements coûteux et éventuellement des compléments au sol des systèmes GPS et GLONASS. Ces applications sont aujourd'hui principalement réalisées en environnement « ouvert » et ne peuvent fonctionner en environnement plus contraint. L'augmentation croissante de l'utilisation du GNSS dans des domaines variés va voir émerger de nombreuses applications où le positionnement précis sera requis (par exemple des applications de transport/guidage automatique ou d'aide à la conduite nécessitant des performances importantes en terme de précision mais aussi en terme de confiance dans la position –l'intégrité- et de robustesse et disponibilité). D'autre part, l'arrivée sur le marché de récepteurs bas-coûts (inférieur à 100 euros) capables de poursuivre les signaux provenant de plusieurs constellations et d'en délivrer les mesures brutes laisse entrevoir des avancées importantes en termes de performance et de démocratisation de ces techniques de positionnement précis. Dans le cadre d'un utilisateur routier, l'un des enjeux du positionnement précis pour les années à venir est ainsi d'assurer sa disponibilité en tout terrain, c'est-à-dire dans le plus grand nombre d'environnements possibles, dont les environnements dégradés (végétation dense, environnement urbain, etc.) Dans ce contexte, l'objectif de la thèse a été d'élaborer et d'optimiser des algorithmes de positionnement précis (typiquement basés sur la poursuite de la phase de porteuse des signaux GNSS) afin de prendre en compte les contraintes liées à l'utilisation d'un récepteur bas coût et à l'environnement. En particulier, un logiciel de positionnement précis (RTK) capable de résoudre les ambiguïtés des mesures de phase GPS et GLONASS a été développé. La structure particulière des signaux GLONASS (FDMA) requiert notamment un traitement spécifiques des mesures de phase décrit dans la thèse afin de pouvoir isoler les ambiguïtés de phase en tant qu'entiers. Ce traitement est compliqué par l'utilisation de mesures provenant d'un récepteur bas coût dont les canaux GLONASS ne sont pas calibrés. L'utilisation d'une méthode de calibration des mesures de code et de phase décrite dans la thèse permet de réduire les biais affectant les différentes mesures GLONASS. Il est ainsi démontré que la résolution entière des ambiguïtés de phase GLONASS est possible avec un récepteur bas coût après calibration de celui-ci. La faible qualité des mesures, du fait de l'utilisation d'un récepteur bas coût en milieu dégradé est prise en compte dans le logiciel de positionnement précis en adoptant une pondération des mesures spécifique et des paramètres de validation de l'ambiguïté dépendant de l'environnement. Enfin, une méthode de résolution des sauts de cycle innovante est présentée dans la thèse, afin d'améliorer la continuité de l'estimation des ambiguïtés de phase. Les résultats de 2 campagnes de mesures effectuées sur le périphérique Toulousain et dans le centre-ville de Toulouse ont montré une précision de 1.5m 68% du temps et de 3.5m 95% du temps dans un environnement de type urbain. En milieu semi-urbain type périphérique, cette précision atteint 10cm 68% du temps et 75cm 95% du temps. Finalement, cette thèse démontre la faisabilité d'un système de positionnement précis bas-coût pour un utilisateur routier
GNSS and particularly GPS and GLONASS systems are currently used in some geodetic applications to obtain a centimeter-level precise position. Such a level of accuracy is obtained by performing complex processing on expensive high-end receivers and antennas, and by using precise corrections. Moreover, these applications are typically performed in clear-sky environments and cannot be applied in constrained environments. The constant improvement in GNSS availability and accuracy should allow the development of various applications in which precise positioning is required, such as automatic people transportation or advanced driver assistance systems. Moreover, the recent release on the market of low-cost receivers capable of delivering raw data from multiple constellations gives a glimpse of the potential improvement and the collapse in prices of precise positioning techniques. However, one of the challenge of road user precise positioning techniques is their availability in all types of environments potentially encountered, notably constrained environments (dense tree canopy, urban environments…). This difficulty is amplified by the use of low-cost receivers and antennas, which potentially deliver lower quality measurements. In this context the goal of this PhD study was to develop a precise positioning algorithm based on code, Doppler and carrier phase measurements from a low-cost receiver, potentially in a constrained environment. In particular, a precise positioning software based on RTK algorithm is described in this PhD study. It is demonstrated that GPS and GLONASS measurements from a low-cost receivers can be used to estimate carrier phase ambiguities as integers. The lower quality of measurements is handled by appropriately weighting and masking measurements, as well as performing an efficient outlier exclusion technique. Finally, an innovative cycle slip resolution technique is proposed. Two measurements campaigns were performed to assess the performance of the proposed algorithm. A horizontal position error 95th percentile of less than 70 centimeters is reached in a beltway environment in both campaigns, whereas a 95th percentile of less than 3.5 meters is reached in urban environment. Therefore, this study demonstrates the possibility of precisely estimating the position of a road user using low-cost hardware
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Keong, Jiun Han. "Determining heading and pitch using a single difference GPS/GLONASS approach". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0017/MQ49677.pdf.

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Peng, Senlin. "Implementation of Real-Time Software Receiver for Gps or Glonass L1 Signals". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40873.

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A 12 channel real-time GPS L1 C/A-code software receiver has been implemented on a Desktop with 1.84GHz Intel CPU. The software receiver has the capability to acquire new satellites coming in, keep tracking of satellites in view and give a user solution accuracy of 30 meters. This study also explores a real-time correlator for the GLONASS L1 signals. This software receiver is going to be used for scientiï¬ c research and education. This work is a part of the ongoing effort to develop a low-cost, ï¬ exible, and capable GNSS receiver for use as a scientiï¬ c instrument and for GNSS receiver technology development.

The software receiver developed here makes use of a reconï¬ gurable RF front end called the Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP) with a maximum real sampling frequency of 8MHz of complex samples. The USRP uses interchangeable daughter boards to down- convert and digitize RF signals in the range of DC to 2.9GHz, where each daughterboard covers an overlapping subset of this range. This RF front end was chosen for its ï¬ exibility and ease of use. The output of the RF front end is 8-bit complex I/Q samples output via a USB cable.

The software receiver processing of the RF front-end outputs is accomplished by using bit-wise parallelism, as described in References [1] and [2]. In order to process the incom- ing RF data in this manner, the 8-bit complex I/Q samples are quantized to two bits. This is performed in the software receiver prior to signal correlation. In-phase and quadrature ac- cumulations are computed using bit-wise parallel techniques, and these accumulations are used to drive code tracking delay-lock loops (DLLs) and carrier tracking phase-lock loops(PLLs). The computation of accumulations and the implementation of DLLs and PLLs for the GNSS ranging signals are detailed in the thesis.

The software receiver is developed by C++. It consists of two parts: the software receiver core program and a simple interface. The current software receiver runs under Ubuntu Linux systems, but it is convenient to implement on other Linux systems. The software prerequisites for the software receiver are GNUradio and QT4.0. GNUradio is an open source program which provides the driver for the USRP board. The current version used by the software receiver is GNUradio-3.1.3. The user interface program is developed by using the classes provided by QT4.0. The hardware of the whole system consists of computer with intel 1.84 GHz CPU and 2GHz RAM, GPS and GLONASS antenna, USRP, and analogue signal generator. One problem with the USRP is that its on-board oscillator is not particularly stable in terms of frequency and phase. One solution to this problem is to use a high-quality external oscillator. An Agilent N5181A MXG Analog Signal Generator conï¬ gured to output a 64MHz signal has been used as an external input clock to the USRP. This oscillator has a stated frequency error of 1 ppm/yr, has decent short-term frequency stability, and has a reasonably low phase noise at 64MHz. The outputs of the USRP board are 8 bits complex data with 4MHz sampling frequency with an intermediate frequency of zero. The input data are re-quantized and pack into 32-bit of integers. The total CPU usage of the software receiver is about 30 â ¼ 40% of the 1.84GHz CPU. The software receiver is started with a FFT based acquisition. The acquisition results are then used to initialize the receiver. The background search of satellites is accomplished by a serial search of PRN code replicas. The novelty of the the software receiver developed in this study is as follows: ï¬ rst, a reconï¬ gurable RF front end is used which makes the software receiver extendable.Second, The software is developed with C++ in the general Linux system; This will make the software receiver easy to maintain and update. Third, the current software receiver also explores the process of GLONASS L1 signals with bit-wise parallel correlation.


Master of Science

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Jerez, Gabriel Oliveira [UNESP]. "Análise da integração GPS/GLONASS para posicionamento sob efeito de cintilação ionosférica". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/150286.

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Com o desenvolvimento dos sistemas globais de navegação por satélite as atividades que envolvem posicionamento passaram por uma revolução. Os pioneiros, GLONASS (GLObal NAvigation Satellite System) e GPS (Global Positioning System), são atualmente os principais sistemas, e únicos com constelação completa. A utilização combinada de dados GPS e GLONASS passou por uma perda de interesse no final da década de noventa devido à rápida degradação que o GLONASS sofreu. Porém, em 2001 teve início um plano de restabelecimento do sistema que em 2011 voltou a contar com constelação completa de 24 satélites e cobertura global. O GLONASS passa ainda por um processo de modernização, com novas gerações de satélites sendo desenvolvidas, refinamentos dos sistemas de tempo e referência e novas estações de controle sendo instaladas. Além do uso de dados combinados, outros fatores que influenciam a qualidade do posicionamento são os métodos empregados e os erros aos quais os sinais transmitidos estão sujeitos. Nas metodologias de integração devem constar as diferenças de estrutura dos sistemas, sendo as principais, para este caso, os sistemas de referência, sistemas de tempo e a tecnologia relacionada às frequências. Em relação aos erros, a ionosfera é uma importante fonte, principalmente para usuários de receptores de apenas uma frequência. Ela exige atenção especial, pois além de degradar a acurácia do posicionamento há uma grande dependência entre perdas do sinal e irregularidades ionosféricas, como a cintilação ionosférica. Na presente pesquisa buscou-se analisar as melhorias apresentadas no posicionamento utilizando dados combinados GPS/GLONASS sob efeito de cintilação ionosférica, avaliar a influência da cintilação nos sinais GLONASS e realizar um estudo da estrutura do sistema. Foram realizados três experimentos, relacionados à aplicação do PPP (Posicionamento por Ponto Preciso), do posicionamento relativo estático e do posicionamento em redes (especificamente no conceito de VRS – Virtual Reference Station). Para possibilitar o posicionamento em redes foi adaptada a ferramenta VRS-UNESP, para permitir a geração de bases virtuais com dados GLONASS ou GPS/GLONASS. Para as três metodologias foram selecionadas estações em três regiões do Brasil com comportamentos ionosféricos distintos visando possibilitar também a análise do efeito da cintilação. Para isso foram escolhidas regiões próximas ao equador geomagnético, próximas a área afetada pelo efeito fonte e ao sul do país, onde se tem menor influência da ionosfera. Para o PPP considerando-se todos os casos, independente da configuração, houve melhoria em 92,28% dos dias com o uso de dados GPS e GLONASS. Para o posicionamento relativo os resultados obtidos foram mais irregulares que para o PPP, sendo que a melhoria ocorreu em 69,18% dos casos. Os dados virtuais foram processados de maneira análoga ao experimento com PPP, obtendo melhoria em 100% os casos analisados ao se utilizar dados GPS e GLONASS.
With the development of the Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) the activities involving positioning passed by a great revolution. Currently, the pioneers, GLONASS (GLObal NAvigation Satellite System) and GPS (Global Positioning System), are the main systems with full constellation. The interest in the combined use of GPS and GLONASS data had a great fall in the late nineties due to the fast degradation of GLONASS. However, in 2001 a restoration plan of the system began and in 2011 GLONASS recovered the full constellation of 24 satellites with global coverage. Furthermore GLONASS is going through a modernization process, with the development of new satellite generations, time and reference systems refinements and new control stations. Besides the use of combined data, other factors that influence the positioning quality are the applied methods and the errors that can affect the transmitted signals. The integration methodologies must consider the differences in the systems structures, the main differences, for this case, are reference and time systems and the technology related to the frequencies. About the errors, the ionosphere is an important source, mainly for users of single frequency receivers. It requires special attention, because besides of degrading the positioning accuracy there is a great dependency between the loss of signal and ionospheric irregularities, as ionospheric scintillation. In this research it was intended to analyze the improvement of the combined use of GPS/GLONASS data at positioning under ionospheric scintillation effect, evaluate the influence of scintillation at GLONASS signals and perform a study about the structure of the system. Three experiments were performed, the first one is related to the application of PPP (Precise Point Positioning), the second one is about static relative positioning and the third one is about network based positioning (specifically in the Virtual Reference Station concept).To enable the network based positioning the software VRS-UNESP was adapted, in order to allow the generation of virtual stations with GLONASS or GPS/GLONASS data. In the three methodologies were selected three regions of Brazil with distinct ionospheric behavior, in order to evaluate the scintillation effect in the positioning. It was selected regions near to the geomagnetic equator, regions near the fountain effect and in the south of the country, where the ionosphere effect is less intense. For the PPP, considering all the configurations adopted, there was improvement with the use of GPS and GLONASS combined data in 92,28% of the days analyzed. For the relative positioning the results obtained were more irregulars than the ones from PPP. In such case it was achieved improvement in 69,18% of the cases with the use of combined data. The virtual data were processed in a procedure similar to the one used in the PPP experiment. It was achieved improvement in 100% of the cases that were used GPS and GLONASS data.
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Jerez, Gabriel Oliveira. "Análise da integração GPS/GLONASS para posicionamento sob efeito de cintilação ionosférica /". Presidente Prudente, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/150286.

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Orientador: Daniele Barroca Marra Alves
Banca: João Francisco Galera Monico
Banca: Claudinei Rodrigues de Aguiar
Resumo: Com o desenvolvimento dos sistemas globais de navegação por satélite as atividades que envolvem posicionamento passaram por uma revolução. Os pioneiros, GLONASS (GLObal NAvigation Satellite System) e GPS (Global Positioning System), são atualmente os principais sistemas, e únicos com constelação completa. A utilização combinada de dados GPS e GLONASS passou por uma perda de interesse no final da década de noventa devido à rápida degradação que o GLONASS sofreu. Porém, em 2001 teve início um plano de restabelecimento do sistema que em 2011 voltou a contar com constelação completa de 24 satélites e cobertura global. O GLONASS passa ainda por um processo de modernização, com novas gerações de satélites sendo desenvolvidas, refinamentos dos sistemas de tempo e referência e novas estações de controle sendo instaladas. Além do uso de dados combinados, outros fatores que influenciam a qualidade do posicionamento são os métodos empregados e os erros aos quais os sinais transmitidos estão sujeitos. Nas metodologias de integração devem constar as diferenças de estrutura dos sistemas, sendo as principais, para este caso, os sistemas de referência, sistemas de tempo e a tecnologia relacionada às frequências. Em relação aos erros, a ionosfera é uma importante fonte, principalmente para usuários de receptores de apenas uma frequência. Ela exige atenção especial, pois além de degradar a acurácia do posicionamento há uma grande dependência entre perdas do sinal e irregularidades ionosféricas... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: With the development of the Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) the activities involving positioning passed by a great revolution. Currently, the pioneers, GLONASS (GLObal NAvigation Satellite System) and GPS (Global Positioning System), are the main systems with full constellation. The interest in the combined use of GPS and GLONASS data had a great fall in the late nineties due to the fast degradation of GLONASS. However, in 2001 a restoration plan of the system began and in 2011 GLONASS recovered the full constellation of 24 satellites with global coverage. Furthermore GLONASS is going through a modernization process, with the development of new satellite generations, time and reference systems refinements and new control stations. Besides the use of combined data, other factors that influence the positioning quality are the applied methods and the errors that can affect the transmitted signals. The integration methodologies must consider the differences in the systems structures, the main differences, for this case, are reference and time systems and the technology related to the frequencies. About the errors, the ionosphere is an important source, mainly for users of single frequency receivers. It requires special attention, because besides of degrading the positioning accuracy there is a great dependency between the loss of signal and ionospheric irregularities, as ionospheric scintillation. In this research it was intended to analyze the improvement of the combined use of GPS/GLONASS data at positioning under ionospheric scintillation effect ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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24

Sanscartier, Julien. "Développement d'un outil photogrammétrique pour la reconnaissance de nouveaux sites GPS et Glonass". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0006/MQ44956.pdf.

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Michaud, Stéphanie. "Investigation d'une nouvelle approche de positionnement relatif temporel avec GPS et avec GLONASS". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0027/MQ51153.pdf.

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Deliktas, Hilmi Can. "Investigation on the contribution of GLONASS observations to GPS Precise Point Positioning (PPP)". The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1468936251.

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Bäckström, Arvid y Fredrik Gustafsson. "Galileo i jämförelse med GPS och GLONASS vid deformationsmätning : En fallstudie på Gävle flygplats". Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Samhällsbyggnad, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-30279.

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Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) är ett samlingsbegrepp för ett antal satellitsystem som möjliggör världsomspännande navigering, deformationsövervakning och satellitpositionering. GNSS innefattar de fyra globala operativa satellitsystem BeiDou, Global Positioning System (GPS), Globalnaya navigatsionnaya sputnikovaya sistema (GLONASS) och det europeiska Galileo. Satellitsystemet Galileo utökas successivt och erbjuder i nuläget 22 aktiva satelliter, men ska innefatta totalt 30 satelliter när det beräknas vara fullbordat år 2020. Syftet med föreliggande studie är att utvärdera Galileo under simulerad deformationsmätning, enskilt och i kombination med GPS och GLONASS, samt att jämföra dessa satellitsystem. Att även studera systemens avvikelser med olika metoder statisk mätning i lokalt nätverk, statisk mätning med anslutning mot en extern referensstation och efterberäkning av enkelfrekvenser i lokalt nätverk. Ett GNSS-nätverk upprättades och data beräknades i Leica Infinity. Statiska mätningar med tre GNSS-mottagare utfördes under en dag med sessionstid på nio timmar. Mätningarna delades upp i tre sessioner med aktuella förflyttningar av en mottagare mellan sessionerna. Resultatet från studien visar att för samtliga satellitsystem enskilt och i de olika kombinationerna erhölls avvikelser på millimeternivå för den statiska mätningen i lokalt nätverk. För efterberäkning med enbart enkelfrekvenser för respektive system erhölls generellt avvikelser på millimeternivå. För databearbetning med anslutning mot MAR700SWE som är en SWEPOS referensstation och är belägen 17 km från det upprättade nätverket visade resultatet på högre och mer spridda värden där avvikelserna erhölls på millimeter- till centimeternivå. Generellt visade resultatet att Galileo jämfört med GPS och GLONASS erhåller avvikelser likt de två andra systemen för samtliga metoder. För systemen i kombination visade avvikelserna att med alla tre systemen tillsammans uppnåddes bäst resultat. Slutsatserna från studien är att Galileo konstateras ha en liknande prestanda som de andra GNSS-systemen fast Galileo inte är fullt utvecklat. Studien har analyserat nätverket i 2D och visar att med alla tre systemen erhålls regelbundet stabila resultat. Galileo bidrar till en förbättring när systemet används i kombination. För deformationsmätning är Galileo acceptabelt att använda i plan. Som tidigare föreslaget, visar studien också att de statiska mätningarna ger mm noggrannhet. De metoder som rekommenderas för deformationsmätning är statisk mätning i lokalt nätverk och efterberäkning av enkelfrekvenser fast den sist nämnda inte är att föredra. Anslutning av ett lokalt nätverk mot en extern referensstation rekommenderas inte.
Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) is a generic term for a number of satellite system which makes it possible for worldwide navigation, deformation monitoring and satellite positioning. GNSS includes four global operational satellite systems BeiDou, Global Positioning System (GPS), Globalnaya navigatsionnaya sputnikovaya Sistema (GLONASS) and the European Galileo. The Galileo satellite system is gradually expanding and currently offers 22 active satellites but will include a total of 30 satellites when it is completed 2020. The purpose of the study was to evaluate Galileo during simulated deformation measurements, individually and in combination with GPS and GLONASS, and to compare these satellite systems. Also, to see these systems deviations with different methods static measurement in a local network, static measurement linked to an external reference station and post processing of single- frequencies in the local network. A local network was established, and data was processed in Leica Infinity. Static measurements with three GNSS receivers was carried out over one day with a session time of nine hours. The measurements were divided into three sessions with movements of one receiver between the sessions. The results from the study shows that for all satellite systems individually and in the different combinations, deviations on millimeter level were obtained for the static measurements in a local network. Generally, deviations on millimeter level were obtained for post-processing calculations with only single frequencies for each system. For post-processing with the local network linked to MAR700SWE; which is a SWEPOS reference station located about 17 km from the established network, the result showed higher and more scattered values where the deviations were generally obtained at millimeter- to centimeter level. Generally, the results showed that Galileo compared with GPS and GLONASS receives deviations similar to the other two systems for all methods. The deviations showed with all three systems combined the best results were achieved. The conclusion from the study is that Galileo is found to have a similar performance as the other GNSS systems in static measurements, though Galileo is not yet fully developed. The results shows that with all three systems, low deviations are regularly obtained. With this Galileo contributes to an improvement when the system is combined with GPS and GLONASS. For deformation monitoring, Galileo is acceptable to use in plane. The methods recommended for deformation measurement are static measurement in a local network and post processing with single frequency measurement, although the latter is not preferred. Connecting a local network to an external reference station is not recommended.
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28

Sälg, Daniel y August Hjorter. "Undersökning av GNSS flervägsfel på campusområdet vid Högskolan i Gävle". Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Samhällsbyggnad, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-30443.

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Multipath error is a source of uncertainty within GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) where signals are reflected on various surfaces before they reach the receiver. The phenomenon causes a delay in the receiver when the reflected signal travels a longer distance than the direct one. Despite the fact that there is a good knowledge of the error, multipath effects are still a complex subject since its origin varies a lot. This has led to a number of different methods being developed for the purposes to distinguish and treat the error. The main goal of this study is to investigate the size and distribution of multipath errors and to present which satellites contributes to the most multipath effects meanwhile evaluating the existence of possible reflective objects. As a result, static measured coordinates are also analyzed against coordinates from a real-time measurement in order to study possible connections related to multipath errors. The study is based on observations measured over 16 points on the green area in front of house 45 at the University of Gävle. Furthermore, data processing and analysis are performed in the open software RTKlib with associated program extensions. The result of the study shows that multipath errors have an influence on GNSS-measurements over the survey area and that these errors vary in centimeters to a decimeter level in mean value and RMS for all points. Furthermore, it also appears from the study that satellites that are at higher elevation also emit signals containing multipath errors. In addition, it may be noted that signals even at higher elevation masks contribute to multipath errors over the points where points 2, 3 and 12 are most affected. Furthermore, signals from the satellites R10, R11, R19, R20 and G15 contain high multipath on both L1 and L2 frequencies. Possible sources of reflections was estimated over the area for points 2, 3 and 12 from the correlation between high multipath errors and direction towards the investigation area.
Flervägsfel är en osäkerhetskälla inom GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) där signalerna reflekteras innan de når mottagaren. Fenomenet orsakar en fördröjning hos mottagaren då den reflekterade signalen färdas en längre sträcka än den direkta. Trots att det idag finns en god kännedom kring felkällan är flervägsfel fortsatt komplex eftersom dess ursprung är väldigt varierande. Detta har medfört att en rad olika metoder tagits fram för experimentella ändamål inom området. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka storlek och fördelning av flervägsfel samt visa på vilka satelliter som bidrar mest till effekterna av felkällan samtidigt som eventuella reflekterande objekt utvärderas. I följd av detta analyseras även efterberäknade koordinater mot koordinater från en realtidsmätning för att om möjligt kunna studera eventuella samband relaterat till flervägsfel. Studien grundar sig på observationer mätta med statisk metod över 16 punkter på gräsytan framför hus 45 vid Högskolan i Gävle. Vidare utförs databehandling och analyser i den öppna programvaran RTKlib med tillhörande programtillägg. Resultatet av undersökningen visar att flervägsfel har en påverkan på GNSS-mätningar över undersökningsområdet och att dessa fel varierar på centimeter till decimeternivå i medelvärde och RMS för samtliga punkter. Vidare framgår det också av undersökningen att satelliter som befinner sig vid högre elevationsmask också avger signaler innehållande flervägsfel. Som slutsats kan det konstateras att signaler även vid högre elevationsmask bidrar till flervägsfel över punkterna där punkterna 2, 3 och 12 är högst påverkade. Vidare innehåller signaler från satelliterna R10, R11, R19, R20 och G15 högt flervägsfel på både L1 och L2 frekvensen. Möjliga reflektionsobjekt uppskattades över området för punkterna 2, 3 och 12 från sambandet mellan högt flervägsfel samt riktning mot undersökningsområdet.
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Carcanague, Sébastien. "Algorithme de positionnement précis en environnement contraint basé sur un récepteur bas-coût GPS/GLONASS". Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00951914.

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Le GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System), et en particulier sa composante actuelle le système américain GPS et le système russe GLONASS, sont aujourd'hui utilisés pour des applications géodésiques afin d'obtenir un positionnement précis, de l'ordre du centimètre. Cela nécessite un certain nombre de traitements complexes, des équipements coûteux et éventuellement des compléments au sol des systèmes GPS et GLONASS. Ces applications sont aujourd'hui principalement réalisées en environnement " ouvert " et ne peuvent fonctionner en environnement plus contraint. L'augmentation croissante de l'utilisation du GNSS dans des domaines variés va voir émerger de nombreuses applications où le positionnement précis sera requis (par exemple des applications de transport/guidage automatique ou d'aide à la conduite nécessitant des performances importantes en terme de précision mais aussi en terme de confiance dans la position -l'intégrité- et de robustesse et disponibilité). D'autre part, l'arrivée sur le marché de récepteurs bas-coûts (inférieur à 100 euros) capables de poursuivre les signaux provenant de plusieurs constellations et d'en délivrer les mesures brutes laisse entrevoir des avancées importantes en termes de performance et de démocratisation de ces techniques de positionnement précis. Dans le cadre d'un utilisateur routier, l'un des enjeux du positionnement précis pour les années à venir est ainsi d'assurer sa disponibilité en tout terrain, c'est-à-dire dans le plus grand nombre d'environnements possibles, dont les environnements dégradés (végétation dense, environnement urbain, etc.) Dans ce contexte, l'objectif de la thèse a été d'élaborer et d'optimiser des algorithmes de positionnement précis (typiquement basés sur la poursuite de la phase de porteuse des signaux GNSS) afin de prendre en compte les contraintes liées à l'utilisation d'un récepteur bas coût et à l'environnement. En particulier, un logiciel de positionnement précis (RTK) capable de résoudre les ambiguïtés des mesures de phase GPS et GLONASS a été développé. La structure particulière des signaux GLONASS (FDMA) requiert notamment un traitement spécifiques des mesures de phase décrit dans la thèse afin de pouvoir isoler les ambiguïtés de phase en tant qu'entiers. Ce traitement est compliqué par l'utilisation de mesures provenant d'un récepteur bas coût dont les canaux GLONASS ne sont pas calibrés. L'utilisation d'une méthode de calibration des mesures de code et de phase décrite dans la thèse permet de réduire les biais affectant les différentes mesures GLONASS. Il est ainsi démontré que la résolution entière des ambiguïtés de phase GLONASS est possible avec un récepteur bas coût après calibration de celui-ci. La faible qualité des mesures, du fait de l'utilisation d'un récepteur bas coût en milieu dégradé est prise en compte dans le logiciel de positionnement précis en adoptant une pondération des mesures spécifique et des paramètres de validation de l'ambiguïté dépendant de l'environnement. Enfin, une méthode de résolution des sauts de cycle innovante est présentée dans la thèse, afin d'améliorer la continuité de l'estimation des ambiguïtés de phase. Les résultats de 2 campagnes de mesures effectuées sur le périphérique Toulousain et dans le centre-ville de Toulouse ont montré une précision de 1.5m 68% du temps et de 3.5m 95% du temps dans un environnement de type urbain. En milieu semi-urbain type périphérique, cette précision atteint 10cm 68% du temps et 75cm 95% du temps. Finalement, cette thèse démontre la faisabilité d'un système de positionnement précis bas-coût pour un utilisateur routier.
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30

Norris, Natasha Louise. "Implementation of Multi-Constellation Baseline Fault Detection and Exclusion Algorithm Utilizing GPS and GLONASS Signals". Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1535028817622931.

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Johansson, Daniel y Sören Persson. "Kommunikationsalternativ för nätverks-RTK : - virtuell referensstation kontra nätverksmeddelande". Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Institutionen för teknik och byggd miljö, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-3769.

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Vid användning av nätverks-RTK behöver driftcentralen kommunicera med användarens GNSS-mottagare på ett effektivt sätt oberoende av fabrikat. Av den anledningen finns ett standardiserat format för överföring av data som är utvecklat av RTCM (The Radio Technical Commission for Maritime Services). 2006 publicerades version 3.1 som stödjer utsändning av s.k. nätverksmeddelande som innebär att komprimerade observationsdata skickas till mottagaren för beräkning av korrektioner. För att bestämma GNSS-mottagarens position används i dagsläget till största delen VRS-tekniken (Virtual Reference Station). Denna teknik används bland annat av SWEPOS som driver en nätverks-RTK-tjänst i Sverige. VRS-tekniken kräver att mottagarens position ska skickas till driftcentralen, där huvuddelen av beräkningarna sker. Nätverksmeddelande har inte funnits i tidigare versioner av RTCM-standarden, men införandet av dem innebär bland annat att korrektioner kan skickas med envägskommunikation och att större delen av beräkningarna kan göras i mottagaren. Syftet med studien är att göra jämförelser mellan VRS och RTCM 3.1 nätverksmeddelande, med avseende på bland annat mätkvalitet och initialiseringstider. I studien ingick även att undersöka behovet av nätverksmeddelande och hur tekniken fungerar under förflyttning. I studien användes GNSS-mottagare från Leica och Trimble för att göra upprepade mätningar med dels VRS och dels RTCM 3.1 nätverksmeddelande med s.k. automatisk respektive statisk konfiguration. Statisk konfiguration användes i två olika nät, ett där SWEPOS-stationen Gävle och ett där SWEPOS-stationen Leksand användes som s.k. masterstation. Totalt 1200 mätningar utfördes på tre väl inmätta punkter under 12 dagar. Vid varje mätning registrerades tiden till fixlösning och mätt position. Resultaten bearbetades därefter och analyserades med statistiska metoder. Resultaten visade bland annat att initialiseringstiden för nätverksmeddelande är något längre än för VRS och att det inte finns någon större skillnad i kvalitetstalen mellan VRS och nätverksmeddelande. Inte heller mellan det automatiska nätet och de statiska näten finns någon större skillnad. 95:e percentilens avvikelser var i plan 25 mm och i höjd 45 mm. De enda resultaten som skiljde sig nämnvärt från övriga var mätningarna med Leica i det statiska nätet med Leksand som masterstation, där Leica hade problem med att få fixlösning.
When using network RTK the control centre needs to communicate with the user's GNSS receivers in an efficient manner regardless of the brand of equipment. For this reason, a standardized format for transmission of data has been developed by RTCM (the Radio Technical Commission for Maritime Services). In 2006 the version 3.1 was released which supports broadcasting of network RTK messages which means that the compressed observation data are sent to the rover for calculation of corrections. Today the most used concept to determine the position of the rover is VRS (Virtual Reference Station). SWEPOS, which provides a network RTK service in Sweden, is based on the VRS concept. The concept requires that the position of the rover should be sent to the control centre, where most of the calculations are made. Network RTK messages have not been found in earlier versions of the RTCM standard, but their introduction means that corrections can be sent with one-way communication and that most of the calculations can be made in the rover. The purpose of the study is to make comparisons between the VRS and RTCM 3.1 network RTK messages regarding the measurement quality and the time for initialization. The study also included to examine the need for network RTK messages and how the technology works while continuously moving the rover. The study used GNSS receivers from Leica and Trimble to make repeated measurements with VRS and with RTCM 3.1 with automatic and static configurations. Static configuration was used in two different networks, one in which the SWEPOS station Gävle and one in which the SWEPOS station Leksand was used as master station. Totally 1200 measurements were carried out on three known points in 12 days. At each measurement the time for initialization and the measured position was registered. The results were then processed and analysed using statistical methods. The results showed that the times for initialization regarding network RTK messages are slightly longer than for VRS and that there is no obvious difference in quality between the VRS and network RTK messages. The difference between the automatic network and the static network is not noticeable either. 95th percentile discrepancies were 25 mm horizontally and 45 mm vertically. The only results that clearly differed from the rest of the measurements were those with Leica in the static network with Leksand as master station, where Leica had problems to resolve the ambiguities.
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32

Ventorim, Bruno Guimarães. "Avaliação do desempenho dos sistemas GPS e GLONASS, no posicionamento por ponto preciso online, combinados e individualmente". Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2015. http://www.locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/6537.

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Dentre os sistemas que compõe o GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System), o GPS (Global Positioning System) e o GLONASS (Global’naya Navigatsionnay Sputnikovaya Sistema) são os que estão completamente operacionais, sendo que o GLONASS somente alcançou esse patamar em outubro de 2011. O PPP (Posicionamento por Ponto Preciso) tem se destacado dentre as técnicas de posicionamento pela facilidade e disponibilidade de uso, visto o oferecimento de serviços on­line. O PPP faz uso das órbitas e correções precisas dos relógios dos satélites, disponível pelo IGS (International GNSS Service). Essa pesquisa visa analisar o desempenho dos sistemas GLONASS, GPS e sua integração em diferentes latitudes e em diferentes intervalos de rastreio, principalmente em intervalos curtos de rastreio, utilizando PPP. Para isso foram selecionadas 16 estações da rede IGS de maneira que ficassem em intervalos aproximadamente regulares de latitude. Dessas estações foram obtidos os dados de rastreio no formato RINEX (Receiver Independent EXchange Format) do mês de agosto de 2014 e editados no TEQC (Translation, Editing, and Quality Check) para obter arquivos com intervalos de 30, 45, 60, 90 e 120 minutos contendo apenas dados GPS, apenas dados GLONASS e dados referentes aos dois sistemas. Esses arquivos foram processados utilizando o serviço CSRS­PPP (Canadian Spatial Reference System ), mantido pela NRCan (Natural Resources Canada). As coordenadas estimadas são referenciadas ao IGb08 na época de coleta dos dados, e foram comparadas com as coordenadas de referência obtidas no site do ITRF (International Terrestrial Reference Frame), referenciadas em ITRF2008, que é alinhado e compatível com o IGb08, e na época de coleta dos dados. A análise dos resultados foi feita com base no conceito de acurácia e para isso foram obtidos dos relatórios de processamento os desvios­padrão e calculadas as discrepâncias entre as coordenadas de referência e estimadas, que estão referenciadas na mesma época. Após o cálculo das acurácias para cada dia do mês de agosto, outliers foram detectadas e eliminadas utilizando o método boxplot. Dos resultados obtidos pode­se concluir que a elevação orbital dos sistemas não tem influência direta na qualidade do posicionamento. Também verificou­se a potencialidade do GLONASS, que apresentou desempenho superior ao do GPS em diversas estações, tanto em planimetria como em altimetria. Com relação ao intervalo de rastreio, verifica­se que o PPP ainda não proporciona acurácia centimétrica no intervalo de 30 minutos, e no intervalo de 45 minutos apenas em uma estação isso ocorre para a planimetria e em 9 estações para a altimetria.
Performance evaluation of GPS and GLONASS systems, combained and individualy, in precise point positioning. Supervisor: William Rodrigo Dal Poz. Co­supervisors: Dalto Domingos Rodrigues and Joel Gripp Junior. Among the systems which compound the GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System), the GPS (Global Positioning System) and the GLONASS (Global’naya Navigatsionnay Sputnikovaya System) are the ones that are fully operational, and the GLONASS only has achieved this level in October 2011. The PPP (Precise Point Positioning) has been highlighting among the positioning techniques due its ease and availability of use as an on­line service. The PPP uses the orbits and precise corrections of satellites clock, available by IGS (International GNSS Service). This research intents to analyze the performance of the GPS, GLONASS systems and their integration in different latitudes and tracking intervals, mainly in short tracking intervals, by using PPP. For this purpose, were selected 16 IGS network stations at a located way in approximately of regular latitude intervals. From these stations were obtained the tracking data in the RINEX format (Receiver Independent EXchange Format) of August, 2014. This data were then edited to obtain files with interval of 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 minutes, containing only the GPS and GLONASS data and also data which refer to both systems. The files were processed by using the service CSRS­PPP (Canadian Spatial Reference System), kept by NRCan (Natural Resources Canada). The estimated coordinates are referenced to IGb08 at the epoch of data collection, and were compared with the reference coordinates obtained in the site of ITRF (International Terrestrial Reference Frame), referenced in ITRF2008, which is aligned and compatible with the IGb08, at time of data collection. The results analyze were done based on the accuracy concept and for this were obtained from the processed reports the standard deviation and calculated the differences between the reference and estimated coordinates which are referenced at the same time. After the accuracy calculus for each day of August, outliers were detected and eliminated by using the boxplot method. From the obtained results it is possible to conclude that the systems orbital elevation has no straight influence in the positioning quality. The GLONASS potentiality was also verified, which has shown a superior performance regarding to the GPS in many stations, either in planimetry or in altimetry. Regarding the tracking intervals, it is noted that the PPP has not provided centimeter accuracy in the interval of 30 minutes yet. In the Interval of 45 minutes only one station that occurs to the planimetry and in 9 stations to the altimetry.
1) O título do resumo está diferente. Coloquei conforme está na ficha catalográfica. 2) Na área de conhecimento está: Informações espaciais. Como não encontrei na lista, deixei como Engenharia Civil. 3) Alterei o título também na citação conforme ficha catalográfica.
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33

Hewitson, Steve Surveying &amp Spatial Information Systems Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "Quality control for integrated GNSS and inertial navigation systems". Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Surveying and Spatial Information Systems, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/25534.

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The availability of GPS signals is a major limitation for many existing and potential applications. Fortunately, with the development of Galileo by the European Commission (EC) and European Space Agency (ESA) and new funding for the restoration of the Russian GLONASS announced by the Russian Federation the future for satellite based positioning and navigation applications is extremely promising. This research primarily investigates the benefits of GNSS interoperability and GNSS/INS integration to Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (RAIM) from a geometrical perspective. In addition to these investigations, issues regarding multiple outlier detection and identification are examined and integrity procedures addressing these issues are proposed. Moreover, it has been shown how the same RAIM algorithms can be effectively applied to the various static and kinematic navigation architectures used in this research.
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34

Cheng, Chao-heh. "Calculations for positioning with the Global Navigation Satellite System". Ohio : Ohio University, 1998. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1176839268.

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35

Reußner, Nico [Verfasser], Lambert [Akademischer Betreuer] Wanninger, Matthias [Akademischer Betreuer] Becker y Mirko [Akademischer Betreuer] Scheinert. "Die GLONASS-Mehrdeutigkeitslösung beim Precise Point Positioning (PPP) / Nico Reußner. Betreuer: Lambert Wanninger. Gutachter: Lambert Wanninger ; Matthias Becker ; Mirko Scheinert". Dresden : Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2016. http://d-nb.info/110035610X/34.

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36

Bastos, Alex Souza. "ANALYSIS OF SIGNAL INTERRUPTION PROBABILITY FOR GNSS UTILIZATION IN FOREST CONDITIONS". Kyoto University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/180519.

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Kyoto University (京都大学)
0048
新制・課程博士
博士(農学)
甲第17902号
農博第2025号
新制||農||1017(附属図書館)
学位論文||H25||N4798(農学部図書室)
30722
京都大学大学院農学研究科森林科学専攻
(主査)教授 德地 直子, 教授 吉岡 崇仁, 准教授 長谷川 尚史
学位規則第4条第1項該当
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37

Albert, Matej. "Víceúčelový alarm na kolo". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-401958.

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This diploma project is about designing a concept of an anti-theft tracking device for a bicycle. The device is equipped with a GNSS module for tracking of current location, GSM module for sending the location data in case of a theft and a BT module for user settings via mobile phone. The bike theft detection is detected by an accelerometer. The final goal of this project is a concept of such a device for evaluation and improvement purposes.
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38

Kučera, Tomáš. "Algoritmy výpočtu polohy, rychlosti a času z GNSS signálů". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-220272.

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This master thesis describes the principles of the Global Navigation Satellite System GNSS, specifically the GPS, GLONASS and Galileo systems. The thesis analyzes the structure of individual GNSS subsystems and introduces their properties. The algorithm for calculating the position is designed in the interactive programming environment MATLAB for the processing of GPS and GLONASS sampled signals. The position is calculated by a distance measurement method which searches for the intersection of spherical surfaces. The calculation is designed for four satellites and when more satellites are detected, the calculation is repeated for all possible combinations. From this position the combination with the lowest DOP (Dilution of Precision) factor is determined, and the calculation of the position is repeated for the best constellation of satellites. In this thesis the user graphical interface for entering the input of data, input parameters and the display of calculated values are created. Finally the calculation of the measured data is displayed on the selected location online map portal
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39

Jean, Marc Henri. "Multi-Constellation GNSS Scintillation at Mid-Latitudes". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/73704.

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Scintillation of Global Positioning Systems (GPS) signals have been extensively studied at low and high latitude regions of the Earth. It has been shown in past studies that amplitude scintillation is severe at low latitudes and phase scintillation is severe at high latitudes. Unlike low and high latitude regions, mid-latitude scintillation has not been extensively studied. Further, it has been suggested that mid-latitude scintillation is negligible. The purpose of this research is to challenge this belief. A multi-constellation and multi-frequency receiver, that tracks American, Russian, and European satellites, was used to monitor scintillation activity at the Virginia Tech Space Center. Analysis was performed on collected data from various days and compared to past research done at high, mid, and low latitudes. The results are discussed in this thesis.
Master of Science
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40

Ritchie, Douglas Allen. "Factors That Affect the Global Positioning System and Global Navigation Satellite System in an Urban and Forested Environment". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2007. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2089.

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy in real time measurements acquired from GPS and GLONASS satellite observations using RTK techniques in an urban and forested environment. To determine this accuracy, 2 data sets of 3-dimensional coordinates were created and compared at 14 stations situated at East Tennessee State University. One data set included coordinates determined by conventional land survey methods; the second was solved by RTK GPS/GLONASS. Once the magnitude of any deviation in the coordinate positions was determined, the contributions to the accuracies from cycle slips, multipath, satellite availability, PDOP, and fixed or float solutions were evaluated. Three points in the urban environment varied from the conventional data set. Multipath was assumed to be the major bias in these points. Seven points in the forested environment varied from the conventional data set. The use of float solutions and high PDOP may have caused this bias.
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41

Jurajda, David. "Modul kombinované globální satelitní navigace". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-220291.

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The thesis objective is design of methodology focused on accuracy measurement in field of GPS/GLONASS receivers. Text is devided into five main parts. The first one is focused on GNSS technology. Second one deals with used coordinate systems and map projections (ETRS89, WGS84, UTM, Gauss-Krüger). Next part discusses statistical methods. Part four is focused on hardware. Then the final part describes experiment realization and obtained data analysis.
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42

Lee, Shane-Woei. "A carrier phase only processing technique for differential satellite-based positioning systems". Ohio : Ohio University, 1999. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1181175000.

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43

Pafkovič, Roman. "Přehled a porovnání principů činnosti současných druhů GNSS ve světě". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-401510.

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Master’s thesis deals with global navigation satellite systems. It gathers information about operation principles of individual systems and evaluates their applicability for Air transportation through own measures.
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44

Strizic, Luka. "Crowdsourcing GNSS Jamming Detection and Localization". Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Rymdteknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-66839.

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Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) have found wide adoption in various applications, be they military, civilian or commercial. The susceptibility of GNSS to radio-frequency interference can, thus, be very disruptive, even for emergency services, therefore threatening people's lives. An early prototype of a system providing relatively cheap widescale GNSS jamming detection, called J911, is explored in this thesis. J911 is smartphone-based crowdsourcing of GNSS observations, most interesting of which are carrier-to-noise-density ratio () and Automatic Gain Control (AGC) voltage. To implement the prototype, an Android application to provide the measurements, a backend to parse and store the measurements, and a frontend to visualize the measurements were developed. In real-world use, the thesis argues, the J911 system would best be implemented over existing Enhanced 9-1-1 (E911) infrastructure, becoming a standardized part of the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN). The Android application, running on a smartphone, would periodically construct messages to be sent to the backend over an Internet connection. The messages would include: current location from all location providers available in Android OS, observed satellites from all supported constellations, the satellites' , and a timestamp. Once a message is received on the backend, the data would be extracted and stored in a database. The frontend would query the database and produce a map with the collected datapoints overlaid on top of it, whose color indicates received signal strength at that point. When a jammer gets close enough to a few smartphones, they will all be jammed, which is easily observed on the map. On top of that, if enough samples are gathered, a Power Difference of Arrival localization algorithm can be used to localize the jammer. The smartphones that the system was planned to be tested with did not support AGC level readings, therefore in order to obtain AGC levels over time, a few SiGe GN3S Samplers, which are radio-frequency frontends, were used. In eastern Idaho, United States, over three nights in July 2017, an exercise, named 2017 DHS JamX, was performed with the help of the US Department of Homeland Security. Sadly, the approval for the publication of the test results did not come in time to be included in this thesis.
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45

Ondráš, Michal. "Anténa a LNA pro vícepásmový přijímač GNSS". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-400543.

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This project describesa microwave antenna for GNSS and low noise amplifier. Mikrostrip antenna is a modern type of antenna. This mikrostrip antenna is Dual – band antenna with circual polarization. The thesis describes how to make anantenna, what a circular polarization is, whata patch antenna is and what GNSS is. Low noise amplifier amplifies the antenna output signal.
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46

Szabó, Michal. "Vývojový prostředek pro lokalizaci". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-442522.

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This document describes a device capable to determine geographical position thanks to its GNSS module and measure the change of movement with the help of an accelerometer and gyroscope. Outputs of these integrated circuits are combined, data are processed and fused thanks to a numerical integration and mathematical filters. Results are stored on a memory card. The whole development is described from a concept, through the making of the device and software algorithms to the testing of its functions.
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47

Jokešová, Markéta. "Možnosti využití GPS při analýze silničních nehod". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232609.

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Diploma thesis deals with the possibilities of using GPS when analysing road accidents. The history and structure of U.S. global positioning system, Russian GLONASS system and European Galileo system are described. GPS receivers are sorted out by the possibility of use. The thesis deals with the methods of refinement GPS and how the vehicles can be monitored using GPS. In the practical part of this diploma thesis measurements with several types of navigations were made. And a comparison of accuracy of measured data with the real situation where the car was found at the moment of measuring followed and how fast was gone.
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48

Roussel, Nicolas. "Application de la réflectométrie GNSS à l'étude des redistributions des masses d'eau à la surface de la terre". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30327/document.

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La réflectométrie GNSS (ou GNSS-R) est une technique de télédétection originale et pportuniste qui consiste à analyser les ondes électromagnétiques émises en continu par la soixantaine de satellites des systèmes de positionnement GNSS (GPS, GLONASS, etc.), qui sont captées par une antenne après réflexion sur la surface terrestre. Ces signaux interagissent avec la surface réfléchissante et contiennent donc des informations sur ses propriétés. Au niveau de l'antenne, les ondes réfléchies interfèrent avec celles arrivant directement des satellites. Ces interférences sont particulièrement visibles dans le rapport signal-sur-bruit (SNR, i.e., Signal-to-Noise Ratio), paramètre enregistré par une station GNSS classique. Il est ainsi possible d'inverser les séries temporelles du SNR pour estimer des caractéristiques du milieu réfléchissant. Si la faisabilité et l'intérêt de cette méthode ne sont plus à démontrer, la mise en oeuvre de cette technique pose un certain nombre de problèmes, à savoir quelles précisions et résolutions spatio-temporelles peuvent être atteintes, et par conséquent, quels sont les observables géophysiques accessibles. Mon travail de thèse a pour objectif d'apporter des éléments de réponse sur ce point, et est axé sur le développement méthodologique et l'exploitation géophysique des mesures de SNR réalisées par des stations GNSS classiques. Je me suis focalisé sur l'estimation des variations de hauteur de l'antenne par rapport à la surface réfléchissante (altimétrie) et de l'humidité du sol en domaine continental. La méthode d'inversion des mesures SNR que je propose a été appliquée avec succès pour déterminer les variations locales de : (1) la hauteur de la mer au voisinage du phare de Cordouan du 3 mars au 31 mai 2013 où les ondes de marées et la houle ont pu être parfaitement identifiées ; et (2) l'humidité du sol dans un champ agricole à proximité de Toulouse, du 5 février au 15 mars 2014. Ma méthode permet de s'affranchir de certaines restrictions imposées jusqu'à présent dans les travaux antérieurs, où la vitesse de variation verticale de la surface de réflexion était supposée négligeable. De plus, j'ai développé un simulateur qui m'a permis de tester l'influence de nombreux paramètres (troposphère, angle d'élévation du satellite, hauteur d'antenne, relief local, etc.) sur la trajectoire des ondes réfléchies et donc sur la position des points de réflexion. Mon travail de thèse montre que le GNSS-R est une alternative performante et un complément non négligeable aux techniques de mesure actuelles, en faisant le lien entre les différentes résolutions temporelles et spatiales actuellement atteintes par les outils classiques (sondes, radar, diffusiomètres, etc.). Cette technique offre l'avantage majeur d'être basé sur un réseau de satellites déjà en place et pérenne, et est applicable à n'importe quelle station GNSS géodésique, notamment celles des réseaux permanents (e.g., le RGP français). Ainsi, en installant une chaîne de traitement de ces acquisitions de SNR en domaine côtier, il serait possible d'utiliser les mesures continues des centaines de stations pré-existantes, et d'envisager de réaliser des mesures altimétriques à l'échelle locale, ou de mesurer l'humidité du sol pour les antennes situées à l'intérieur des terres
GNSS reflectometry (or GNSS-R) is an original and opportunistic remote sensing technique based on the analysis of the electromagnetic waves continuously emitted by GNSS positioning systems satellites (GPS, GLONASS, etc.) that are captured by an antenna after reflection on the Earth's surface. These signals interact with the reflective surface and hence contain information about its properties. When they reach the antenna, the reflected waves interfere with those coming directly from the satellites. This interference is particularly visible in the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) parameter recorded by conventional GNSS stations. It is thus possible to reverse the SNR time series to estimate the reflective surface characteristics. If the feasibility and usefulness of thismethod are well established, the implementation of this technique poses a number of issues. Namely the spatio-temporal accuracies and resolutions that can be achieved and thus what geophysical observables are accessible.The aim of my PhD research work is to provide some answers on this point, focusing on the methodological development and geophysical exploitation of the SNR measurements performed by conventional GNSS stations. I focused on the estimation of variations in the antenna height relative to the reflecting surface (altimetry) and on the soil moisture in continental areas. The SNR data inversion method that I propose has been successfully applied to determine local variations of : (1) the sea level near the Cordouan lighthouse (not far from Bordeaux, France) from March 3 to May 31, 2013, where the main tidal periods and waves have been clearly identified ; and (2) the soil moisture in an agricultural plot near Toulouse, France, from February 5 to March 15, 2014. My method eliminates some restrictions imposed in earlier work, where the velocity of the vertical variation of the reflective surface was assumed to be negligible. Furthermore, I developed a simulator that allowed me to assess the influence of several parameters (troposphere, satellite elevation angle, antenna height, local relief, etc.) on the path of the reflected waves and hence on the position of the reflection points. My work shows that GNSS-R is a powerful alternative and a significant complement to the current measurement techniques, establishing a link between the different temporal and spatial resolutions currently achieved by conventional tools (sensors, radar, scatterometer, etc.). This technique offers the major advantage of being based on already-developed and sustainable satellites networks, and can be applied to any GNSS geodetic station, including permanent networks (e.g., the French RGP). Therefore, by installing a processing chain of these SNR acquisitions, data from hundreds of pre-existing stations could be used to make local altimetry measurements in coastal areas or to estimate soil moisture for inland antennas
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49

Yen, Shih-Wei. "Two-Satellite Positioning with a Stable Frequency Reference, Altimeters, and Bistatic Satellite Altimetry". Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1483462536143397.

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50

Antoja, Lleonart Guillem. "New Generation 4-Channel GNSS Receiver : Design, Production, and Testing". Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Rymdteknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-67420.

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Due to the current research needs and the lack of commercial multi-channel, multi-constellation GNSS receivers, a two-board solution has been developed so it can be mated with and take advantage of the processing power of the FPGA board branded as MicroZed. In order to achieve the proposed goals, an initial phase for assessing and updating the older design, building, and testing of SiGe modules (including both the electronics and casings) has been carried out. The results included demonstrate performances at logging GPS-L1 data with similar C/N0 and AGC values as the previous versions of the modules and offering navigation solutions with accuracies of a few meters. Secondly, a first iteration and design proposal for the new generation receiver has been proposed for GPS and GLONASS L1 and L2, which has been manufactured and tested. Partial tests have been performed due to the flaws of the current revision of the MicroZed Board in regards to its communication peripherals, and the results have validated the receiver’s design provided certain modifications are considered for future iterations. Furthermore, voltage and frequency tests have provided results with an error of less than 7%, and signal tests have provided C/N0 values similar to those of the SiGe modules of around 47[dB-Hz] which will be a useful baseline for future iterations. Finally, a design proposal for an Interface Board used between the older NT1065_PMOD Board and other FPGA boards carrying the standardized FMC connectors has been added to the report and negotiations with manufacturers have been engaged.
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