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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Global demand"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 25 de mayo de 2024

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1

Gadzalo, Iaroslav, Mykola Sychevskiy, Olha Kovalenko, Liudmyla Deineko y Lyudmila Yashchenko. "Assessment of global food demand in unexpected situations". Innovative Marketing 16, n.º 4 (18 de diciembre de 2020): 91–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/im.16(4).2020.08.

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The methodological approach for assessing the formation of food demand in unforeseen situations using digital Internet-technologies and the assessment itself, is substantiated in the paper (in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic of 2020). Comparison and theoretical generalization, as well as statistical test-assessment of hypotheses and structural regularities based on the data of Google Trends Internet platform, is used to analyze consumer preferences and intensity of demand changes for meat, milk, sugar, bread, and flour during the pandemic and quarantine, both in developed and developing countries. It is discovered that the biggest changes can be observed in the developed countries: consumer preferences shifted from rather expensive food products (milk and meat) to much cheaper ones (flour and bread). It is asserted that a decrease in consumer demand for basic food products will have a negative impact on the global economy. In 2020, a considerable decrease in GDP is expected for the developed countries; in the developing countries, GDP decline will not be as large, but prices are expected to rise much more noticeably. The following anti-crisis measures are proposed: support of the most vulnerable population and increase of food accessibility; temporary reduction of the VAT and other taxes influencing the price of food; reduction of central banks’ lending rates, etc. With the correct measures applied, the stabilization of consumer demand for food and gradual growth of the global economy is expected by the end of 2021.

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2

Donnelly, John. "Comments: Global Demand Surge". Journal of Petroleum Technology 63, n.º 08 (1 de agosto de 2011): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/0811-0014-jpt.

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3

Omori, Natsuki. "Global Woodchips Supply/Demand". JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL 73, n.º 8 (2019): 705–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.73.705.

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4

Gehlert, Kurt M., Thomas Ressler y Donoxti Baylon. "Global challenges demand global education of systems thinking". Human Systems Management 32, n.º 2 (2013): 79–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/hsm-120777.

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5

Robert, Patrick. "Global plasma demand in 2015". Pharmaceuticals, Policy and Law 11, n.º 4 (2009): 359–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ppl-2009-0250.

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6

Shirai, Sayuri y Eric Alexander Sugandi. "Growing Global Demand for Cash". International Business Research 12, n.º 12 (25 de noviembre de 2019): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v12n12p74.

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Demand for cash is generally known to be influenced by several factors—including transaction motive used for payment, opportunity cost, precautionary motive, and other motives (such as aging and demand from abroad). In recent years, cashless payment methods have increasingly become prevalent in the world through various conventional tools and innovative convenient financial services using mobile phones and smart phones. Nevertheless, cash in circulation has been rising in many economies, especially after the global financial crisis. This paper seeks to examine factors affecting cash in circulation for 22 economies for the period 2000–2018. It also investigated the movements of banknotes in circulation differentiated by denomination for seven economies whose data were available. The empirical analysis of this paper found that the opportunity cost proxied by the central bank policy rates and age-related variable were the two most important robust determinants for cash demand. Namely, cash demand tends to grow with a decline in the policy rates and with an advancement of aging.

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7

Price, Catherine Waddams, Terry Barker, Paul Ekins y Nick Johnstone. "Global Warming and Energy Demand." Economic Journal 106, n.º 436 (mayo de 1996): 727. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2235589.

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8

Baxter, Lester W. y Kevin Calandri. "Global warming and electricity demand". Energy Policy 20, n.º 3 (marzo de 1992): 233–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-4215(92)90081-c.

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9

Vrancart, Al. "Global demand for cards continues". Card Technology Today 19, n.º 3 (marzo de 2007): 10–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0965-2590(07)70058-0.

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10

Murakami, Ken. "Global Market Pulp Demand & Supply". JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL 76, n.º 8 (2022): 721–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.76.721.

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11

Taburov, Denis. "Transformation of the Global Energy Demand". Regionalnaya ekonomika. Yug Rossii, n.º 4 (diciembre de 2019): 22–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/re.volsu.2019.4.3.

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The main purpose of the article is to evaluate the role of primary sources of energy in the formation of the global fuel and energy balance. The analysis methodology is based on applying the systematic approach to quantitative indicators allowing to evaluate and identify the main trends in individual primary heat energy markets using the methods of vertical and horizontal analysis, as well as comparative analysis in the retrospective period. The study analyzes the main trends in individual markets of primary energy (coal, natural gas, oil), which forms the basis of the global fuel and energy balance, including regional and country breakdowns; analyzes data on changes in the fuel and energy balance; carries out the assessment of the main trends in the global energy demand, as well as the in-depth analysis of generating clean thermal energy by countries. According to the results of the analysis, global consumption of primary energy increased by 2.2% in 2017, compared with the volumes of consumption in 2016 and was the highest for the period starting in 2013. Consumption of all types of fuel, except for coal and hydropower, also showed high growth rates in 2017. The largest increase in the energy consumption in 2017 was due to the consumption of natural gas, renewable energy and oil. A leading regional consumer of oil, coal, renewable energy and hydropower is Asia, while North America is a leader in terms of consuming nuclear energy and natural gas. Oil remains the dominant fuel in the world, accounting for more than a third of all energy consumed.

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12

Rote, Donald M. "Maglev, Petroleum Demand, and Global Warming". International Journal of Railway 5, n.º 3 (30 de septiembre de 2012): 117–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.7782/ijr.2012.5.3.117.

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13

Dvořáček, Jaroslav, Radmila Sousedíková, Tomáš Vrátný y Zdenka Jureková. "Global Tungsten Demand and Supply Forecast". Archives of Mining Sciences 62, n.º 1 (1 de marzo de 2017): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amsc-2017-0001.

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Abstract An estimate of the world tungsten demand and supply until 2018 has been made. The figures were obtained by extrapolating from past trends of tungsten production from1905, and its demand from 1964. In addition, estimate suggestions of major production and investment companies were taken into account with regard to implementations of new projects for mining of tungsten or possible termination of its standing extraction. It can be assumed that tungsten supply will match demand by 2018. This suggestion is conditioned by successful implementation of new tungsten extraction projects, and full application of tungsten recycling methods.

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14

Tenkorang, Frank y Jess Lowenberg-DeBoer. "Forecasting long-term global fertilizer demand". Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems 83, n.º 3 (5 de octubre de 2008): 233–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10705-008-9214-y.

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15

Schafer, Andreas. "The global demand for motorized mobility". Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 32, n.º 6 (agosto de 1998): 455–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0965-8564(98)00004-4.

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16

Yabe, Shoji. "Global Woodchip Demand and China Impact". JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL 67, n.º 8 (2013): 839–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.67.839.

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17

Cai, Ximing y Mark W. Rosegrant. "Global Water Demand and Supply Projections". Water International 27, n.º 2 (junio de 2002): 159–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02508060208686989.

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18

Rosegrant, Mark W. y Ximing Cai. "Global Water Demand and Supply Projections". Water International 27, n.º 2 (junio de 2002): 170–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02508060208686990.

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19

Hellsten, Sirkku. "Review Article: Global Justice and the Demand for Global Responsibility". Journal of Moral Philosophy 2, n.º 3 (2005): 371–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1740468105058165.

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20

Ismaila, Zubairu, Olugbenga A. Falode, Chukwuemeka J. Diji, Omolayo M. Ikumapayi, Adetokunbo A. Awonusi, Sunday A. Afolalu y Esther T. Akinlabi. "A global overview of renewable energy strategies". AIMS Energy 10, n.º 4 (2022): 718–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/energy.2022034.

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<abstract> <p>Population expansion and increased industrialization are driving up global energy demand. Similarly, the most populous African country, Nigeria generates and transmits electricity far less than is required to meet her basic residential and industrial demands. Alternative means such as fossil fuel-powered generators to complement these demands are still not sufficient to meet these demands with notice to their limitation such as high lifecycle cost and carbon dioxide emission. Renewable energy resources are suitable substitutes for existing electricity sources to fulfil growing demand. Extensively in this paper, a review on the research progress of Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems (HRESs) and Integrated Renewable Energy Systems (IRESs) in the different continents of the world was presented considering methodologies, approaches, and parameters such as technical, economic, and emission limitation in determining the optimal renewable energy system in their present locality. According to the study's findings, about 63% and 22% of the research were conducted in Asia and Africa respectively, from which the research is mostly conducted in rural and remote areas of these continents.</p> </abstract>

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21

Spijkers, Otto y Arron Honniball. "Developing Global Public Participation (1)". International Community Law Review 17, n.º 3 (6 de julio de 2015): 222–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18719732-12341305.

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In this first article, we will analyse the actuality and potential of participation at the international level, or more specifically: at the level of the United Nations (un). Is there a demand for public participation in the work of the United Nations, and if so, who has such demands? And how should the un meet these demands? A subsequent article will apply the theory presented in this article to a case study. In this second article, global public participation in the drafting process, at the un, of the Sustainable Development Goals will be examined and assessed against the findings uncovered here.

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22

Spijkers, Otto y Arron Honniball. "Developing Global Public Participation (2)". International Community Law Review 17, n.º 3 (6 de julio de 2015): 251–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18719732-12341306.

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In an earlier article, we analysed the actuality and potential of participation at the international level, or more specifically: at the level of the United Nations (un). Is there a demand for public participation in the work of the United Nations, and if so, who has such demands? And how should the un meet these demands? In this article we will apply the theory presented in the first article to a case study: global public participation in the drafting process, at the un, of the Sustainable Development Goals will be examined and assessed against the findings uncovered in the first article.

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23

Magableh, Ghazi M. y Mahmoud Z. Mistarihi. "Global Supply Chain Nervousness (GSCN)". Sustainability 15, n.º 16 (8 de agosto de 2023): 12115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151612115.

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In today’s competitive environment, managing supply chains (SCs) is becoming increasingly challenging. Demand uncertainty, globalization, shorter product and technology lifespans, and growth in the number of logistics partners result in more sophisticated global supply relationships, which in turn, increase SC vulnerability. Generally, nervousness reduces SC effectiveness because SC instability is primarily caused by events that are external to the business domain. This tension creates uncertainty, increases the cost of maintaining supply chains, and makes relationships with suppliers and customers unpredictable. This study analyzed global SC nervousness (GSCN) components in terms of drivers, consequences, indicators, and pillars, and proposed solutions. A questionnaire was used to study and evaluate the characteristics of the GSCN, and the DELPHI–FAHP was used to analyze the results and designate the factors that most impact nervousness mitigation in the supply chain. To this end, a framework is presented to discuss the interactions of nervousness in a SC with an integrated solution. The results indicate that demand planning, sourcing strategy, collaboration, risk management, and sustainable SC, along with technological innovation applications, represent essential demands for a smarter future GSC vision.

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24

Che Hasan, Muhammad Kamil, Mohd Said Nurumal, Mohd Khairul Zul Hasymi Firdaus y Thandar Soe Sumaiyah Jamaludin. "Ongoing Challenges for Nursing Towards Global Demand". INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARE SCHOLARS 4, Supp1 (9 de diciembre de 2021): 103–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.31436/ijcs.v4isupp1.225.

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LETTER TO EDITOR Challenges for Education in Nursing Nursing challenges have evolved over time, but the profession itself remains true to those who are motivated to serve others. Nurses are responsible for more than just patient care; they are also responsible for the promotion of health care and personal well-being. Nursing education, the role in community care, the development of areas of specialisation, and nursing leadership all require periodic transformation in line with rapid technological change, the world's growing elderly population, and the current twists and challenges in providing the best possible care. Nurses have an impact on people of all ages, ethnic groups, backgrounds, and communities while working tirelessly to meet the sick and vulnerable's physical, emotional, and spiritual needs. Nursing is a profession that requires someone who is resilient, dedicated, and empathetic in order to provide care to the community. According to WHO recommendations, nursing education should be standardised around the world, with minimum qualifications at Bachelor’s degree. Advanced degree programmes, such as a have expanded the offerings and reach of modern-day nurses, providing them with the skills needed to meet evolving nursing challenges. Nurses must brace themselves for upcoming challenges, which may worsen as the world's population grows. As a result, the specialisation curriculum should include more areas involving clinical experience for various specialties and treatment of acute and chronic diseases, and public health. This is exacerbated by an increase in the number of patients with a wide range of problems and symptoms that necessitate the specialisation of advanced clinical skills, the complexity of work, and the dedication to patient care. In the face of various challenges, a lack of nursing expertise will limit treatment to patients and even weaken treatment care. Nurses with specialisations in developing countries have been able to provide the best possible care to patients with a high rate of success. However, in order to be a successful nurse, each nurse must have certain strengths, interests, and expertise In order to prepare for becoming a developed country and facing future challenges, such nursing strategies and directions must be prepared in accordance with WHO recommendations. Today, nursing is a vast and varied field with a plethora of opportunities for those interested in pursuing it as a career. Nursing challenges are unique due to the level of investment nurses have in their work. They get to know their patients, are concerned about their needs, and contribute significantly to their patients' recovery. Despite the daily challenges of nursing, they make a difference in the lives of the many people they touch. References

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25

Timpka, Toomas, Caroline F. Finch, Claude Goulet, Tim Noakes y Kaissar Yammine. "Meeting the Global Demand of Sports Safety". Sports Medicine 38, n.º 10 (2008): 795–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200838100-00001.

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26

Chen, Yi-Fen, Bi-Chu Chen, Chia-Wen Tsai, Wen-Yu Chen y Lee-Wei Wei. "Estimating the Global Demand of Photovoltaic System". International Journal of Strategic Decision Sciences 3, n.º 1 (enero de 2012): 120–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jsds.2012010105.

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The purpose of this research is to predict the total market demand of photovoltaic (PV) system of the world. By using the Grey forecasting model, the results were precise and valid. Then, the sensitivity analysis was conducted to select the most appropriate horizontal adjusting factor (HAF) and to determine the growth type of PV industry. The result showed the HAF was 0.4, which indicated the growth speed is in a low speed but very close to normal speed. The average residual error was 10.5% from 1995 to 2007 compared to the actual value in the same period. Then, the forecasted value from 2008 to 2011 showed an increasing shape and would reach 8554.9 MW in 2011. This research found the growth type of PV industry of the world, offering meaningful information for firms to decide the strategy in the future. For government, the result could also help to implement adequate policies to support the development of PV industry in the future.

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27

Kerry, Vanessa B., Thumbi Ndung'u, Rochelle P. Walensky, Patrick T. Lee, V. Frederick I. B. Kayanja y David R. Bangsberg. "Managing the Demand for Global Health Education". PLoS Medicine 8, n.º 11 (8 de noviembre de 2011): e1001118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001118.

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28

O'SULLIVAN, DERMOT A. "Strong Rise Forecast in Global Uranium Demand". Chemical & Engineering News 65, n.º 9 (2 de marzo de 1987): 26–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v065n009.p026.

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29

LAYMAN, PATRICIA. "Big growth expected in global chemical demand". Chemical & Engineering News 68, n.º 16 (16 de abril de 1990): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v068n016.p006.

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30

Crosson, Pierre y Jock R. Anderson. "Demand and supply: trends in global agriculture". Food Policy 19, n.º 2 (abril de 1994): 105–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0306-9192(94)90064-7.

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31

Mandalakas, A. M., A. Chandawarkar y E. Holsinger. "Global Child Health Fellowship Programs in Demand". PEDIATRICS 122, n.º 6 (1 de diciembre de 2008): 1417–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2008-2313.

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32

Hall, M. J. "GLOBAL WARMING AND THE DEMAND FOR WATER". Water and Environment Journal 17, n.º 3 (agosto de 2003): 157–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.2003.tb00454.x.

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33

Yu, Wusheng y Jørgen Dejgård Jensen. "Sustainability implications of rising global pork demand". Animal Frontiers 12, n.º 6 (1 de diciembre de 2022): 56–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/af/vfac070.

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34

Regmi, Anita y Birgit Meade. "Demand side drivers of global food security". Global Food Security 2, n.º 3 (septiembre de 2013): 166–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gfs.2013.08.001.

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35

Prud’homme, Michel. "Global nitrogen fertilizer supply and demand outlook". Science in China Series C Life Sciences 48, S2 (septiembre de 2005): 818–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03187121.

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36

Reyhani, Hooman. "Global Demand for ADC Design Course [Chapters]". IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine 15, n.º 1 (2023): 73–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mssc.2022.3216519.

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37

İNCEKARA, Çetin. "DÜNYANIN VE TÜRKİYE’ NİN DOĞAL GAZ TALEP SENARYOSU". Euroasia Journal of Mathematics, Engineering, Natural & Medical Sciences 8, n.º 17 (25 de septiembre de 2021): 44–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.38065/euroasiaorg.610.

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Although the global energy demand varies from country to country, it is constantly increasing on a global scale. As per IEA’s projections, the usage of two energy sources will increase (renewable with 12% and natural gas with 28%) in the global energy demand until 2040. In the study, 48 number of experts/managers (Decision Makers-DM) working in the energy sector were interviewed to establish/determine 10 main criteria and 43 sub-criteria used in demand scenarios. In the study, fuzzy multi-objective mathematical model (by using fuzzy AHP, and fuzzy TOPSIS) is developed to calculate World's and Turkey’s natural gas demand under high and low demand scenarios. By the help of model, the usage of natural gas amount in World by regions between 2020 and 2030 is calculated. In Scenario-High it will increase by approx. 26 % between 2020 and 2030 and reached 4.800 bcm in 2040. In Scenario-Low it will increase by approx. 5 % from 2020 to 2030 and reached 4.000 bcm in 2030. It is the only fossil fuel expected to grow beyond 2030 since it is clean energy source. In Scenario-High natural gas demand by region is calculated/projected as follows: in 2030 North America 1250 bcm, Central and South America 250 bcm, Europe 650 bcm, Middle East 750 bcm, Eurasia 650 bcm, Asia Pacific 1250 bcm. In the study, under the high demand scenario it has been calculated that the usage of natural gas in Turkey will increase by 52% between 2020 and 2030 and reach approximately 76 bcm, and in the low demand scenario Turkey's total natural gas demand will decrease by approximately 9% and reach approximately 45 bcm. In the study by using Fuzzy TOPSIS method, 10 number of sectors are examined and “Energy sector” was the first and “Industry sector” was the second in the ranking of the sectors in terms of global and Turkey’s natural gas demand scenario. In the study, the usage of natural gas is the only fossil resource that is expected to increase in the global energy mix among fossil fuels in 2030. This is due to high reserve amount of natural gas, i.e. global conventional natural gas reserves with 206 trillion m3 and unconventional unexplored natural gas reserves with 354 trillion m3, and as well as being a clean and environmental-friendly energy source. Since it is a clean fossil fuel and it pollutes nature & air much less than other fossil fuels and has a minimum greenhouse gas emission amount compared to other fossil sources.

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38

EDMONDS, JAMES A., ROBERT LINK, STEPHANIE T. WALDHOFF y RYNA CUI. "A GLOBAL FOOD DEMAND MODEL FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF COMPLEX HUMAN-EARTH SYSTEMS". Climate Change Economics 08, n.º 04 (noviembre de 2017): 1750012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010007817500129.

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Demand for agricultural products is an important problem in global change economics. Food consumption will shape and be shaped by global change through interactions with bioenergy and afforestation, two critical issues in meeting international goals. We develop a model of food demand for staple and nonstaple commodities that evolves with changing incomes and prices. The model addresses a long-standing issue in estimating food demands, the evolution of demand relationships across large changes in income and prices. We discuss the model, some of its properties and limitations. We estimate parameter values using pooled cross-sectional-time-series observations and Bayesian Monte Carlo method and cross-validate the model by estimating parameters using a subset of the observations and test its ability to project into the unused observations. Finally, we apply bias correction techniques borrowed from the Earth system modeling community and report results. We find that the demand for food rises rapidly as income initially increases from zero. Demand for staples peaks at under $1000 per person per capita. Nonstaple food demands increase steadily with income. While staples are an inferior good at per capita incomes greater than $1000, we see no evidence that there is a range of per capita income for which staples are Giffen goods.

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39

Hejazi, M. I., J. Edmonds, L. Clarke, P. Kyle, E. Davies, V. Chaturvedi, M. Wise, P. Patel, J. Eom y K. Calvin. "Integrated assessment of global water scarcity over the 21st century – Part 1: Global water supply and demand under extreme radiative forcing". Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 10, n.º 3 (13 de marzo de 2013): 3327–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-10-3327-2013.

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Abstract. Water scarcity conditions over the 21st century both globally and regionally are assessed in the context of climate change, by estimating both water availability and water demand within the Global Change Assessment Model (GCAM), a leading community integrated assessment model of energy, agriculture, climate, and water. To quantify changes in future water availability, a new gridded water-balance global hydrologic model – namely, the Global Water Availability Model (GWAM) – is developed and evaluated. Global water demands for six major demand sectors (irrigation, livestock, domestic, electricity generation, primary energy production, and manufacturing) are modeled in GCAM at the regional scale (14 geopolitical regions, 151 sub-regions) and then spatially downscaled to 0.5° × 0.5° resolution to match the scale of GWAM. Using a baseline scenario (i.e., no climate change mitigation policy) with radiative forcing reaching 8.8 W m−2 (equivalent to the SRES A1Fi emission scenario) and a global population of 14 billion by 2095, global annual water demand grows from about 9–10% of total annual renewable freshwater in 2005 to about 32–37% by 2095. This results in more than half of the world population living under extreme water scarcity by the end of the 21st century. Regionally, the demand for water exceeds the amount of water availability in two GCAM regions, the Middle East and India. Additionally, in years 2050 and 2095 36% (28%) and 44% (39%) of the global population, respectively is projected to live in grid cells (in basins) that will experience greater water demands than the amount of available water in a year (i.e., the water scarcity index (WSI) > 1.0). This study implies an increasingly prominent role for water in future human decisions, and highlights the importance of including water in integrated assessment of global change.

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40

Liu, Anyu, Daisy X. F. Fan y Richard T. R. Qiu. "Does Culture Affect Tourism Demand? A Global Perspective". Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research 45, n.º 1 (2 de julio de 2020): 192–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1096348020934849.

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Tourism studies commonly focus on the determinants of tourism demand. While most examine factors such as economic determinants, research on the effect of culture on tourism demand remains underdeveloped. This study uses a Bayesian two-stage median regression method to eliminate the potential collinearity between cultural and travel distance and to estimate the impact of cultural distance more appropriately. The results show that while there is a negative relationship between cultural distance and tourism demand, tourism demand is less sensitive to change in cultural distance; the popularity of a travel route moderates the effect of cultural distance on tourism demand; and the influence of cultural distance is different across time and different source markets.

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41

Avery, Brock y Fred O. Boadu. "Global Demand for U.S. Environmental Goods and Services". Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 36, n.º 1 (abril de 2004): 49–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1074070800021854.

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This paper reports import demand elasticities for environmental goods and services (EGS) for the world in aggregate and for six world regions. The paper involves a pooled cross-section and time-series estimation procedure and makes per capita demand for EGS a function of economic, political, and structural factors. The results show that per capita incomes, exchange rates, political and economic freedoms, and debt affect the demand for EGS. The results also show that demand for EGS is tied to the particular environmental problem facing a particular region. Exporters of EGS need to disaggregate world markets to better target products.

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Andrade, Maureen Snow. "Global Learning by Distance". International Journal of Online Pedagogy and Course Design 3, n.º 1 (enero de 2013): 66–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijopcd.2013010105.

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The knowledge economy demands a highly skilled and well-rounded work force. However, because traditional institutions cannot meet the demand for post-secondary education, technological innovations, particularly distance learning, are becoming the solution for increased access. As distance programs are developed for global delivery, cultural and linguistic issues must be considered. Pedagogical methods, modes of learning, communication styles, English proficiency, and delivery logistics potentially interfere with the success of such endeavors. This article addresses the opportunities and obstacles of creating distance courses for international learners. It reviews the need for international educational access, provides an overview of the issues, and shares a learner-centered framework to demonstrate principles and practicalities for mitigating potential obstacles to distance learning as a global venture. The framework is illustrated with examples from distance English language learning courses.

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43

Uvarov, D. A. "Global Market of Monoclonal Antibodies: Sales, Prices, Demand". Vestnik of the Plekhanov Russian University of Economics 18, n.º 2 (9 de abril de 2021): 64–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2413-2829-2021-2-64-76.

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Bio-pharmaceutics is one of the most science-intensive industries. Annually a lot of money is spent on applied research aimed at development and commercialization of new medications. Many pharmaceutical companies try to have in their product line or pipeline drugs on the basis of monoclonal antibodies, i.e. a class of biotechnological preparations that are used to combat oncologic and autoimmune diseases and are based on target therapy principle. Because of the high interest in bio-pharmaceutical industry on the part of businessmen, state and science any advanced data dealing with the situation inside the market can be useful for shaping the adequate picture of the present day condition and for making managerial decisions on state and private level. The article provides information about global sales of preparations based on monoclonal antibodies. Apart from sales in terms of money the author calculates the natural volume of products being sold based on price analysis of products. The article gives a list of preparations registered on EU and US markets rated by their sales. By analyzing preparation prices corrected to dosage it was possible to find the most expensive and the cheapest medications in their class. Information concerning the natural volume of drug being sold can help understand the scale of preparation production.

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44

Boulter, David W. K. "Global Economic Wood Supply and Demand: The Opportunity". Forestry Chronicle 66, n.º 1 (1 de febrero de 1990): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc66035-1.

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World supplies of industrial wood on a sustainable basis are estimated to be adequate to meet future demand to the year 2000 without effecting real price changes. A degree of uncertainty with respect to supply appears around 2025 by reason of demographic pressures on the indigenous (largely tropical) forests in many of the developing countries in the southern hemispere.Emerging global trends for the supply of and demand for industrial roundwood suggest a shift in the production, consumption and trade in forest products. Such a shift is predicated on a number of supply and demand factors. The key demand factor is the slowing down of population and economic growth in the developed countries accompanied by a greater application of technology in wood processing and/or new products. The key supply factor is the rate of establishment of plantation of fast-growing species in the tropical and sub-tropical regions.The notion of scarcity, as manifest in the forester's vision of increased timber production goals, will have to be tempered with the reality that market prices in real terms for the major categories of forest products have not materially increased and are unlikely to do so in the foreseeable future.These potential developments suggest that Canada's comparative advantage based on old-growth stocks of timber will be diminished and future gains in trade will for the most part be based on new products/processes that in turn will call for a more dynamic approach to market development than that characterized by passive exploitation of a fortuitous endowment of natural resources.

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45

Zou, Qian, Chenggao Yi, Keming Wang, Xiuling Yin y Yongwei Zhang. "Global LNG market: supply-demand and economic analysis". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 983, n.º 1 (1 de febrero de 2022): 012051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/983/1/012051.

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Abstract The transition to clean and low-carbon energy is an irresistible trend globally that drives the scale of trade in the global LNG market to grow continuously. The paper reviews the global LNG trade in 2020 and forecasts the future LNG supply and demand. On this basis, the costs in segments of a LNG project are analysed from the perspective of the LNG industry chain. The feasibility of export from LNG projects and the preferred target markets are determined by calculating the economic index of projects. It is concluded that the possibility of future rebound in oil prices and the demand growth in the incremental market in emerging Asian countries are most likely to determine the capacity scales of new LNG projects around the world and contribute to a dynamic balance in the LNG market in the medium- and longterm. The costs in different segments of the LNG industry chain vary greatly with the availability of resources and markets. The economics of LNG export depend on the demand for LNG imports in end markets, the cost plus in different segments of the industrial chain, and the affordability of end consumers. Through the cost and economic analysis on typical LNG Projects, Qatar is found still the most economical and highly profitable country in the global LNG export market nowadays. Unsatisfactory economic performance is a common reason for delayed investments in many large LNG projects in Australia and other countries.

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46

Cranfield, John A. L., Thomas W. Hertel, James S. Eales y Paul V. Preckel. "Changes in the Structure of Global Food Demand". American Journal of Agricultural Economics 80, n.º 5 (diciembre de 1998): 1042–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1244202.

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Arslanalp, Serkan y Takahiro Tsuda. "Tracking Global Demand for Advanced Economy Sovereign Debt". IMF Working Papers 12, n.º 284 (2012): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781475596403.001.

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Arslanalp, Serkan y Takahiro Tsuda. "Tracking Global Demand for Emerging Market Sovereign Debt". IMF Working Papers 14, n.º 39 (2014): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781484326541.001.

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49

Shaheen, H., M. Rihan y A. Abdel Maqsoud. "DETERMINANTS OF GLOBAL DEMAND ON EGYPTIAN DRIED ONION". Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences 27, n.º 1 (1 de marzo de 2019): 939–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/ajs.2019.43849.

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50

Dealtry, Richard. "Global corporate priorities and demand‐led learning strategies". Journal of Workplace Learning 20, n.º 4 (16 de mayo de 2008): 286–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13665620810871132.

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