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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Ghost theories"

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Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 14 de marzo de 2023

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1

Piguet, Olivier. "Ghost equations and diffeomorphism-invariant theories". Classical and Quantum Gravity 17, n.º 18 (5 de septiembre de 2000): 3799–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0264-9381/17/18/314.

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2

Gervais, Jean-Loup y Ivan T. Todorov. "Ghost systems as rational conformal theories". Physics Letters B 219, n.º 4 (marzo de 1989): 435–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(89)91090-3.

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3

Cheng, Hung y Er-Cheng Tsai. "Correspondence between quantum gauge theories without ghost fields and their covariantly quantized theories with ghost fields". Physics Letters B 176, n.º 1-2 (agosto de 1986): 130–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(86)90937-8.

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4

Mannheim, Philip D. "Ghost problems from Pauli–Villars to fourth-order quantum gravity and their resolution". International Journal of Modern Physics D 29, n.º 14 (5 de septiembre de 2020): 2043009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271820430099.

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We review the history of the ghost problem in quantum field theory from the Pauli–Villars regulator theory to currently popular fourth-order derivative quantum gravity theories. While these theories all appear to have unitarity-violating ghost states with negative norm, we show that in fact these ghost states only appear because the theories are being formulated in the wrong Hilbert space. In these theories, the Hamiltonians are not Hermitian but instead possess an antilinear symmetry. Consequently, one cannot use inner products that are built out of states and their Hermitian conjugates. Rather, one must use inner products built out of states and their conjugates with respect to the antilinear symmetry, and these latter inner products are positive. In this way, one can build quantum theories of gravity in four spacetime dimensions that are unitary.

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5

Mannheim, Philip D. "Antilinear symmetry and the ghost problem in quantum field theory". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2038, n.º 1 (1 de octubre de 2021): 012018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2038/1/012018.

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Abstract The recognition that the eigenvalues of a non-Hermitian Hamiltonian could all be real if the Hamiltonian had an antilinear symmetry such as PT stimulated new insight into the underlying structure of quantum mechanics. Specifically, it led to the realization that Hilbert space could be richer than the established Dirac approach of constructing inner products out of ket vectors and their Hermitian conjugate bra vectors. With antilinear symmetry one must instead build inner products out of ket vectors and their antilinear conjugates, and it is these inner products that would be time independent in the non-Hermitian but antilinearly symmetric case even as the standard Dirac inner products would not be. Moreover, and in a sense quite remarkably, antilinear symmetry could address not only the temporal behavior of the inner product but also the issue of its overall sign, with antilinear symmetry being capable of yielding a positive inner product in situations such as fourth-order derivative quantum field theories where the standard Dirac inner product is found to have ghostlike negative signature. Antilinear symmetry thus solves the ghost problem in such theories by showing that they are being formulated in the wrong Hilbert space, with antilinear symmetry providing a Hilbert space that is ghost free. Antilinear symmetry does not actually get rid of the ghost states. Rather, it shows that the reasoning that led one to think that ghosts were present in the first place is faulty. Implications of our results for constructing unitary quantum theories of gravity are presented.

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6

ARATYN, H. y A. H. ZIMERMAN. "GHOSTS AND THE PHYSICAL MODES IN THE COVARIANT FREE STRING FIELD THEORIES". International Journal of Modern Physics A 01, n.º 02 (julio de 1986): 421–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x86000162.

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We present the gauge invariant actions for all free, open and closed (super-) string models, using the differential form formalism. The ghost-for-ghost procedure in the BRS framework is established and leads to the rule for counting the physical degrees of freedom in the free string field theories.

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7

RAMA, S. KALYANA. "NEW SPECIAL OPERATORS IN W-GRAVITY THEORIES". Modern Physics Letters A 06, n.º 38 (14 de diciembre de 1991): 3531–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732391004085.

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We find new special physical operators of W3-gravity having non-trivial ghost sectors. Some of these operators may be viewed as the Liouville dressings of the energy operator of the Ising model coupled to two-dimensional (2D) gravity and this fills in the gap in the connection between pure W3-gravity and Ising model coupled to 2D gravity found in our previous work. We formulate a selection rule required for the calculation of correlators in W-gravity theories. Using this rule, we construct the non-ghost part of the new operators of WN-gravity and find that they represent the (N, N + 1) minimal model operators from both inside and outside the minimal table. Along the way we obtain the canonical spectrum of WN-gravity for all N.

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8

Stepanyantz, Konstantin. "Supersymmetry, quantum corrections, and the higher derivative regularization". EPJ Web of Conferences 191 (2018): 06002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201819106002.

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We investigate the structure of quantum corrections in N = 1 supersymmetric theories using the higher covariant derivative method for regularization. In particular, we discuss the non-renormalization theorem for the triple gauge-ghost vertices and its connection with the exact NSVZ β-function. Namely, using the finiteness of the triple gauge-ghost vertices we rewrite the NSVZ equation in a form of a relation between the β-function and the anomalous dimensions of the quantum gauge superfield, of the Faddeev-Popov ghosts, and of the matter superfields. We argue that it is this form that follows from the perturbative calculations, and give a simple prescription how to construct the NSVZ scheme in the non-Abelian case. These statements are confirmed by an explicit calculation of the three-loop contributions to the β-function containing Yukawa couplings. Moreover, we calculate the two-loop anomalous dimension of the ghost superfields and demonstrate that for doing this calculation it is very important that the quantum gauge superfield is renormalized non-linearly.

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9

POLYAKOV, DIMITRI. "NEW DISCRETE STATES IN TWO-DIMENSIONAL SUPERGRAVITY". International Journal of Modern Physics A 22, n.º 07 (20 de marzo de 2007): 1375–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x07035148.

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Two-dimensional string theory is known to contain the set of discrete states that are the SU (2) multiplets generated by the lowering operator of the SU (2) current algebra. Their structure constants are defined by the area preserving diffeomorphisms in two dimensions. In this paper we show that the interaction of d = 2 superstrings with the superconformal β - γ ghosts enlarges the actual algebra of the dimension 1 currents and hence the new ghost-dependent discrete states appear. Generally, these states are the SU (N) multiplets if the algebra includes the currents of ghost numbers n : -N ≤ n ≤ N - 2, not related by picture changing. We compute the structure constants of these ghost-dependent discrete states for N = 3 and express them in terms of SU (3) Clebsch–Gordan coefficients, relating this operator algebra to the volume preserving diffeomorphisms in d = 3. For general N, the operator algebra is conjectured to be isomorphic to SDiff (N). This points at possible holographic relations between two-dimensional superstrings and field theories in higher dimensions.

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10

FRADKIN, E. S. y V. Ya LINETSKY. "HIGHER-SPIN SYMMETRY IN ONE AND TWO DIMENSIONS (I)". Modern Physics Letters A 04, n.º 27 (20 de diciembre de 1989): 2635–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021773238900294x.

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Higher spin theories in one and two dimensions are considered. The analysis of the ghost sector is carried out and a possible analogy with the ghost sector of the superparticle and the Green-Schwarz superstring in the covariant gauge is discussed.

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11

FAZIO, A. R. "TWO-LOOP GHOST–ANTIGHOST CONDENSATION FOR SU(2) YANG–MILLS THEORIES IN THE MAXIMAL ABELIAN GAUGE". Modern Physics Letters A 20, n.º 08 (14 de marzo de 2005): 585–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732305016762.

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In the framework of the formalism of Cornwall et al. for composite operators, we study the ghost–antighost condensation in SU (2) Yang–Mills theories quantized in the maximal Abelian gauge and derive analytically a condensating effective potential at two ghost loops. We find that in this approximation the one-loop pairing ghost–antighost is not destroyed but no mass is generated if the ansatz for the propagator suggested by the tree level Hubbard–Stratonovich transformations is used.

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12

Hwang, Stephen. "No-ghost theorem for SU(1,1) string theories". Nuclear Physics B 354, n.º 1 (abril de 1991): 100–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0550-3213(91)90177-y.

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13

Boos, Jens, Valeri P. Frolov y Andrei Zelnikov. "On thermal field fluctuations in ghost-free theories". Physics Letters B 793 (junio de 2019): 290–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2019.04.059.

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14

Suman, H. y K. Schilling. "Dipole structure of ghost propagators in gauge theories". Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplements 53, n.º 1-3 (febrero de 1997): 850–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0920-5632(96)00800-6.

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15

Kelly, P. F. y R. B. Mann. "Ghost properties of algebraically extended theories of gravitation". Classical and Quantum Gravity 3, n.º 4 (1 de julio de 1986): 705–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0264-9381/3/4/023.

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16

Chen, Tai-jun, Matteo Fasiello, Eugene A. Lim y Andrew J. Tolley. "Higher derivative theories with constraints: exorcising Ostrogradski's ghost". Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics 2013, n.º 02 (26 de febrero de 2013): 042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2013/02/042.

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17

Mosconi, Paola. "Massive ghost theories with a line of defects". Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and General 36, n.º 24 (5 de junio de 2003): 6635–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0305-4470/36/24/303.

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18

Spiridonov, V. P. "SP(2)-covariant ghost fields in gauge theories". Nuclear Physics B 308, n.º 2-3 (octubre de 1988): 527–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0550-3213(88)90576-7.

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19

LEMES, V. E. R., M. S. SARANDY, S. P. SORELLA, M. PICARIELLO y A. R. FAZIO. "GHOST CONDENSATES IN YANG–MILLS THEORIES IN NONLINEAR GAUGES". Modern Physics Letters A 18, n.º 10 (28 de marzo de 2003): 711–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732303009836.

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Ghost condensates of dimension two are analyzed in a class of nonlinear gauges in pure Yang–Mills theories. These condensates are related to the breaking of the SL (2, R) symmetry, present in these gauges.

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20

VAN TONDER, ANDRÉ y MIQUEL DORCA. "NONPERTURBATIVE QUANTIZATION OF PHANTOM AND GHOST THEORIES: RELATING DEFINITE AND INDEFINITE REPRESENTATIONS". International Journal of Modern Physics A 22, n.º 14n15 (20 de junio de 2007): 2563–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x07036580.

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We investigate the nonperturbative quantization of phantom and ghost degrees of freedom by relating their representations in definite and indefinite inner product spaces. For a large class of potentials, we argue that the same physical information can be extracted from either representation. We provide a definition of the path integral for these theories, even in cases where the integrand may be exponentially unbounded, thereby removing some previous obstacles to their nonperturbative study. We apply our results to the study of ghost fields of Pauli–Villars and Lee–Wick type, and we show in the context of a toy model how to derive, from an exact nonperturbative path integral calculation, previously ad hoc prescriptions for Feynman diagram contour integrals in the presence of complex energies. We point out that the pole prescriptions obtained in ghost theories are opposite to what would have been expected if one had added conventional i∊ convergence factors in the path integral.

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21

Adhyanggono, Gerardus Majella Adhyanggono y Fransiska Linda Marcelina. "THE GOTHIC ELEMENTS IN TIM BURTON�S (1999) SLEEPY HOLLOW THE HEADLESS HORSEMAN: A LITERARY AND CINEMATIC ASPECT ANALYSIS". Celt: A Journal of Culture, English Language Teaching & Literature 13, n.º 2 (10 de febrero de 2015): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.24167/celt.v13i2.27.

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Sleepy Hollow is a film directed by Tim Burton. The story tells about a young policeman Ichabod Crane, who is sent to a village called Sleepy Hollow to investigate a murder case there. At first, he was a person who never believed in supernatural things especially ghost, but after facing the reality of the ghost itself, he becomes very scared, but all he has to do is to find the villain behind the ghost of Headless Horseman. This thesis analyzes the gothic elements that are shown in this film. The theories that are used in this thesis are from film studies, literary and cinematic aspect. In this paper, the pictures from the scenes are also shown to show the evidence of the gothic elements. The theories that are used will also show how they can advocate the gothicness of this film.

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22

Wynne-Davies, Marion. "Ophelia’s Ghost". Revista Alicantina de Estudios Ingleses, n.º 25 (15 de noviembre de 2012): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.14198/raei.2012.25.12.

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This essay takes as its starting point the 2008 Royal Shakespeare Company’s production of Hamlet directed by Greg Doran in order to explore the ways in which Ophelia’s death and burial might be used to disturb dominant cultural codes. As such, it focuses upon the regulatory discourses framing three female subjects: the legal and religious rules governing suicide, in particular the inquest’s record of the death by drowning of Katherine Hamlet in 1579; the account of Ophelia’s death and her “maimed rites” in the Gravedigger’s scene; and the performance of Mariah Gale in the “mad scene.” In each case the female body is perceived to breach expected boundaries: the way in which the real girl’s death presents a series of questions about temporal and spiritual laws; the engagement of the play with those legal and religious discourses by locating the female character as a disturbing absence; and the use of the actress’s body in order to reiterate in performance the sense of threat encountered in the text. In so doing it employs the theories of the abject and the uncanny as discussed by Judith Butler and Julia Kristeva in order to locate where the text’s distorted repetitions uncover the tenuousness of the cultural codes used to regulate the Early Modern understanding of female suicide.

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23

TANII, YOSHIAKI y MASAKAZU YAMASHITA. "PHYSICAL STATES IN TWO-DIMENSIONAL TOPOLOGICAL GAUGE THEORIES". Modern Physics Letters A 08, n.º 17 (7 de junio de 1993): 1603–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732393001343.

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Physical states of two-dimensional topological gauge theories are studied using the BRST formalism in the light-cone gauge. All physical states are obtained for the Abelian theory. An infinite number of physical states with different ghost numbers exist. Simple examples of physical states in a non-Abelian theory are also given.

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24

Iseppi, Roberta A. "The ghost fields and the BV extension for finite spectral triples". Journal of Mathematical Physics 63, n.º 9 (1 de septiembre de 2022): 092302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0089795.

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After arguing why the Batalin–Vilkovisky (BV) formalism is expected to find a natural description within the framework of noncommutative geometry, we explain how this relation takes form for gauge theories induced by finite spectral triples. In particular, we demonstrate how the two extension procedures appearing in the BV formalism, that is, the initial extension via the introduction of ghost/anti-ghost fields and the further extension with auxiliary fields, can be described in the language of noncommutative geometry using the notions of the BV spectral triple and total spectral triple, respectively. The construction is presented in detail for all U(2)-gauge theories induced by spectral triples on the algebra [Formula: see text]. Indications are given on how to extend the results to U( n)-gauge theories for n > 2.

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25

Dalmazi, Denis. "Ghost free dual vector theories in 2+1 dimensions". Journal of High Energy Physics 2006, n.º 01 (24 de enero de 2006): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1126-6708/2006/01/132.

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26

Delfino, G., P. Mosconi y G. Mussardo. "Correlation functions of disorder operators in massive ghost theories". Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and General 36, n.º 1 (12 de diciembre de 2002): L1—L6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0305-4470/36/1/101.

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27

Neveu, A., H. Nicolai y P. West. "New symmetries and ghost structure of covariant string theories". Physics Letters B 167, n.º 3 (febrero de 1986): 307–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(86)90351-5.

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28

AIDAOUI, A., H. D. DOEBNER y M. TAHIRI. "BF AND ANTI-BF THEORIES IN THE GENERALIZED CONNECTION FORMALISM". Modern Physics Letters A 19, n.º 39 (21 de diciembre de 2004): 2909–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732304016226.

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We present a generalized connection formalism to explicitly determine an off-shell BRST–anti-BRST algebra for BF theories. This results in the construction of anti-BF theories based on an anti-BRST exact quantum action. These are not fundamentally different from BF theories, since they are in complete duality with respect to a mirror symmetry of the ghost numbers.

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29

VALTANCOLI, P. "EXTENDED BRS SYMMETRY IN TOPOLOGICAL FIELD THEORIES". Modern Physics Letters A 23, n.º 14 (10 de mayo de 2008): 993–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732308026996.

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A class of topological field theories like the BF model and Chern–Simons theory, when quantized in the Landau gauge, enjoys the property of invariance under a vector supersymmetry, which is responsible for their finiteness. We introduce a new type of gauge fixing which makes these theories invariant under an extended BRS symmetry, containing a new type of field, the ghost of diffeomorphisms. The presence of such an extension is naturally related to the vector supersymmetry discussed before.

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30

Nakayama, Yu. "Strong gauging or decoupling ghost matter". International Journal of Modern Physics A 30, n.º 24 (28 de agosto de 2015): 1550155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x15501559.

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Gauging extra matter is a common way to couple two CFTs discontinuously. We may consider gauging matter by strongly coupled gauge theories at criticality rather than by weakly coupled (asymptotic free) gauge theories. It often triggers relevant deformations and possibly leads to a nontrivial fixed point. In many examples such as the IR limit of SQCDs (and their variants), the relevant RG flow induced by this strong gauging makes the total central charge [Formula: see text] increase rather than decrease compared with the sum of the original decoupled CFTs. The dilaton effective field theory argument given by Komargodski and Schwimmer does not apply because strong gauging is not a simple deformation by operators in the original two decoupled CFTs and it may not be UV complete. When the added matter is vector-like, one may emulate strong gauging in a UV completed manner by decoupling of ghost matter. While the UV completed description makes the dilaton effective field theory argument possible, due to the nonunitarity, we cannot conclude the positivity of the central charge difference in accordance with the observations in various examples that show the contrary.

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31

DE LAURENTIS, M., S. CAPOZZIELLO y G. BASINI. "GRAVITATIONAL CHERENKOV RADIATION FROM EXTENDED THEORIES OF GRAVITY". Modern Physics Letters A 27, n.º 23 (24 de julio de 2012): 1250136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732312501362.

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We linearize the field equations for higher order theories of gravity that contain scalar invariants other than the Ricci scalar. We find that besides a massless spin-2 field (the standard graviton), the theory contains also spin-0 and spin-2 massive modes with the latter being, in general, ghost modes. The rate at which such particles would emit gravitational Cherenkov radiation is calculated for some interesting physical cases.

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32

HULL, C. M. "$\mathcal W$-GRAVITY ANOMALIES WITH GHOST LOOPS AND BACKGROUND CHARGES". International Journal of Modern Physics A 08, n.º 14 (10 de junio de 1993): 2419–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x93000941.

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The path-integral quantization of chiral [Formula: see text] gravity is considered and the complete set of anomalies arising from both matter and ghost integrations is calculated. The effects of background charge are included and the results are related to the operator quantization. For those matter theories with exact quantum [Formula: see text] symmetry, the ghost contributions precisely cancel the matter-dependent anomalies. The results are extended to nonchiral [Formula: see text] gravity.

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33

FADDEEV, LUDVIG DMITRIEVICH. "FADDEEV–POPOV GHOSTS". International Journal of Modern Physics A 25, n.º 06 (10 de marzo de 2010): 1079–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x10049074.

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In the terminology of theoretical physics, the term "ghost" is used to identify an object that has no real physical meaning. The name "Faddeev–Popov ghosts" is given to the fictitious fields that were originally introduced in the construction of a manifestly Lorentz covariant quantization of the Yang–Mills field. Later, these objects acquired more widespread application, including in string theory. The necessity of ghosts is associated with gauge invariance. In gauge invariant theories, one usually has to deal with local fields, whose number exceeds that of physical degrees of freedom. For example in electrodynamics, in order to maintain manifest Lorentz invariance, one uses a four component vector potential Aμ(x), whereas the photon has only two polarizations. Thus, one needs a suitable mechanism in order to get rid of the unphysical degrees of freedom. Introducing fictitious fields, the ghosts, is one way of achieving this goal.

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34

van Holten, Jan-Willem. "Conformal Symmetry and Supersymmetry in Rindler Space". Universe 6, n.º 9 (4 de septiembre de 2020): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe6090144.

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This paper addresses the fate of extended space-time symmetries, in particular conformal symmetry and supersymmetry, in two-dimensional Rindler space-time appropriate to a uniformly accelerated non-inertial frame in flat 1+1-dimensional space-time. Generically, in addition to a conformal co-ordinate transformation, the transformation of fields from Minkowski to Rindler space is accompanied by local conformal and Lorentz transformations of the components, which also affect the Bogoliubov transformations between the associated Fock spaces. I construct these transformations for massless scalars and spinors, as well as for the ghost and super-ghost fields necessary in theories with local conformal and supersymmetries, as arising from coupling to two-dimensional (2-D) gravity or supergravity. Cancellation of the anomalies in Minkowski and in Rindler space requires theories with the well-known critical spectrum of particles that arise in string theory in the limit of infinite strings, and it is relevant for the equivalence of Minkowski and Rindler frame theories.

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35

Lemes, V. E. R., M. S. Sarandy y S. P. Sorella. "Ghost condensates in Yang–Mills theories in the Landau gauge". Annals of Physics 308, n.º 1 (noviembre de 2003): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-4916(03)00129-5.

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36

Sawayanagi, H. "Additional Symmetries in Gauge Theories with a Quartic Ghost Interaction". Progress of Theoretical Physics 106, n.º 5 (1 de noviembre de 2001): 971–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/ptp.106.971.

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37

Mannheim, Philip D. "Solution to the Ghost Problem in Fourth Order Derivative Theories". Foundations of Physics 37, n.º 4-5 (13 de marzo de 2007): 532–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10701-007-9119-7.

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38

DELBOURGO, R., P. D. JARVIS y G. THOMPSON. "Sp(2) INVARIANT BRST FORMALISM, SUPERSYMMETRY AND WESS-ZUMINO GAUGES". Modern Physics Letters A 01, n.º 02 (mayo de 1986): 95–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732386000142.

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Covariant quantization of Fermi-Bose supersymmetric gauge theories is formulated within an enlarged superspace (xµ, θα, ξm) with manifest ξ-supertranslation (=extended BRST) and Sp(2) invariance. In Wess-Zumino gauges, the correct ghost and auxiliary field structure emerges by counting arguments for the (N=1) super-Yang-Mills, conformal and Einstein supergravity cases. The super-Yang-Mills case is analyzed in detail for both supercovariant and Wess-Zumino gauge-fixing, with particular emphasis on the Sp(2) assignments of the ghost superfields.

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39

McKEON, D. G. C. "BRST QUANTIZATION OF GAUGE THEORIES ON THE HYPERSPHERE". Modern Physics Letters A 06, n.º 24 (10 de agosto de 1991): 2201–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732391002414.

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Drummond and Shore have shown that the most convenient gauge fixing term for gauge theories on a hypersphere is not a perfect square. We show how BRST quantization can be used to generate this gauge fixing term. This involves the introduction of two ghost fields, ci and [Formula: see text], the second of which is an anticommuting vector field. In the Abelian case, only the radial component of [Formula: see text] enters the effective Lagrangian; this is true in the non-Abelian case only if the gauge field is tangential to the hypersphere.

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40

SAKAI, NORISUKE y YOSHIAKI TANII. "PHYSICAL DEGREES OF FREEDOM IN 2D STRING FIELD THEORIES". Modern Physics Letters A 07, n.º 37 (7 de diciembre de 1992): 3479–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732392002883.

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States in the absolute (semi-relative) cohomology but not in the relative cohomology are examined through the component decomposition of the string field theory action for the 2D string. It is found that they are auxiliary fields without kinetic terms, but are important for instance in the master equation for the Ward-Takahashi identities. The ghost structure is analyzed in the Siegel gauge, but it is noted that the absolute (semi-relative) cohomology states are lost.

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41

RENIHAN, COLLEEN. "‘History As it Should Have Been’: Haunts of the Historical Sublime in John Corigliano's and William Hoffman'sThe Ghosts of Versailles". Twentieth-Century Music 10, n.º 2 (12 de agosto de 2013): 249–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1478572213000042.

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AbstractIn John Corigliano's and William Hoffman's operaThe Ghosts of Versailles(1991), generic, musical, and temporal boundaries are dissolved, and historical processes revealed, resulting in a work that performs an operatic rendering of what philosopher Frank Ankersmit has referred to as sublime historical experience. As Marie Antoinette's ghost resolves her trauma by narrativising it in performance, and as music extends and dramatises the experience of the sublime, the audience experiences profoundly the liminal realm that historically-based operas inhabit in their movement between past and present. Indeed, the temporal suspension that is so central to theories of the sublime finds parallels in opera's historical obsession with death, and in music's ability to momentarily blur the boundaries between life and death, and past and present.The Ghosts of Versaillesallows for the audience's relationship to history to be revisited, reconfigured, and in many cases, reconciled, through a haunting of the present in operatic performance.

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42

LAVROV, P. M., P. YU MOSHIN y A. A. RESHETNYAK. "IRREDUCIBLE GAUGE THEORIES IN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE Sp(2)-COVARIANT QUANTIZATION METHOD". International Journal of Modern Physics A 11, n.º 17 (10 de julio de 1996): 3097–125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x96001498.

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Irreducible gauge theories in both the Lagrangian and Hamiltonian versions of the Sp (2)-covariant quantization method are studied. Solutions to generating equations are obtained in the form of expansions in power series of ghost and auxiliary variables up to the third order inclusive.

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43

Biswas, Tirthabir y Spyridon Talaganis. "String-inspired infinite-derivative theories of gravity: A brief overview". Modern Physics Letters A 30, n.º 03n04 (30 de enero de 2015): 1540009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021773231540009x.

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In String Theory, there often appears a rather interesting class of higher derivative theories containing an infinite set of derivatives in the form of an exponential. These theories may provide a way to tame ultraviolet (UV) divergences without introducing ghost-like states. Here we provide a brief overview on the progress that has been made over the last decade to construct such infinite-derivative theories of gravity (IDG) which may be able to address the singularity problems in gravity. In the process, we will present some general results that applies to covariant torsion-free metric theories of gravity.

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44

Salles, Filipe y Ilya Shapiro. "Recent Progress in Fighting Ghosts in Quantum Gravity". Universe 4, n.º 9 (26 de agosto de 2018): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe4090091.

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We review some of the recent results which can be useful for better understanding of the problem of stability of vacuum and in general classical solutions in higher derivative quantum gravity. The fourth derivative terms in the purely gravitational vacuum sector are requested by renormalizability already in both semiclassical and complete quantum gravity theories. However, because of these terms, the spectrum of the theory has unphysical ghost states which jeopardize the stability of classical solutions. At the quantum level, ghosts violate unitarity, and thus ghosts look incompatible with the consistency of the theory. The “dominating” or “standard” approach is to treat higher derivative terms as small perturbations at low energies. Such an effective theory is supposed to glue with an unknown fundamental theory in the high energy limit. We argue that the perspectives for such a scenario are not clear, to say the least. On the other hand, recently, there was certain progress in understanding physical conditions which can make ghosts not offensive. We survey these results and discuss the properties of the unknown fundamental theory which can provide these conditions satisfied.

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45

Krohn, Marco y Michael Flohr. "Ghost Systems Revisited: Modified Virasoro Generators and Logarithmic Conformal Field Theories". Journal of High Energy Physics 2003, n.º 01 (13 de enero de 2003): 020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1126-6708/2003/01/020.

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46

Sawayanagi, H. "Bound States of the Faddeev-Popov Ghost in Euclidean Gauge Theories". Progress of Theoretical Physics 120, n.º 3 (1 de septiembre de 2008): 455–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/ptp.120.455.

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47

Niemi, Antti J. "No-ghost theorem and Osp(1, 1|2) in gauge theories". Physics Letters B 217, n.º 4 (febrero de 1989): 472–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(89)90081-6.

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48

Li, Wenliang. "A unifying framework for ghost-free Lorentz-invariant Lagrangian field theories". Physics Letters B 779 (abril de 2018): 485–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2017.06.073.

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49

ZANDRON, O. S. "THE ROLE OF THE GHOST FIELDS IN THE RENORMALIZED t–J LAGRANGIAN MODEL". International Journal of Modern Physics B 23, n.º 04 (10 de febrero de 2009): 493–519. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979209049929.

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The present work treats the role of ghost fields in the renormalization procedure of the Lagrangian perturbative formalism of the t–J model. We show that by introducing proper ghost field variables, the propagators and vertices can be renormalized to each order. In particular, the renormalized ferromagnetic magnon propagator coming from our previous Lagrangian formalism is studied in detail, and it is shown how the thermal softening of the magnon frequency is predicted by the model. The antiferromagnetic case is also analyzed, and the results are confronted with the previous one obtained by means of the spin-polaron theories.

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50

ÜLKER, KAYHAN. "ON THE ALL ORDER SOLUTIONS OF SEIBERG-WITTEN MAP FOR NONCOMMUTATIVE GAUGE THEORIES". International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 13 (enero de 2012): 191–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s201019451200685x.

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We review the recursive solutions of the Seiberg–Witten map to all orders in θ for gauge, matter and ghost fields. We also present the general structure of the homogeneous solutions of the defining equations. Moreover, we show that the contribution of the first order homogeneous solution to the second order can be written recursively similar to inhomogeneous solutions.

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