Tesis sobre el tema "Ghana"
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Ahulu, Samuel Tetteh. "English in Ghana". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.385315.
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Amoatey, Solomon Sackey. "Disability in Ghana". University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1587471693522674.
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Mitchell, Matthew. "The Impact of Export Fluctuations on Internal Migration in Ghana". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25355/25355.pdf.
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Nimako, Kwame. "Economic change and political conflict in Ghana, 1600-1990 /". Amsterdam : Thesis, 1991. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb355433667.
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Afari-Sefa, Victor. "Agricultural export diversification, food security and living conditions of farmers in Southern Ghana : a microeconomic and household modelling approach /". Weikersheim Margraf, 2006. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2866175&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.
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Alidu, Seidu Mahama. "Achieving reconciliation in Ghana : The role of the Ghana national reconciliation commission". Thesis, Leeds Beckett University, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.516320.
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Delalorm, Cephas. "Documentation and description of Sekpelé : a Ghana-Togo mountain language of Ghana". Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2016. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/22780/.
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This thesis is a documentation and description of Sekpelé, a Kwa language spoken along the Akwapim Range close to the Ghana-Togo border by the people of the Likpe traditional area. It belongs to the linguistically diverse group of Ghana-Togo Mountain Languages (GTM), spoken in the Central Volta region of Ghana. The language is spoken primarily by ten Likpe communities north-east of Hohoe: Bakwa, Nkwanta, Mate, Bala, Todome, Abrani, Koforidua, Agbozume, Avedzime and Kukurantumi. This thesis is divided into eleven chapters and a set of appendixes. The first chapter presents a general introduction. This includes a background overview of the Bakpelé (speakers of Sekpelé) which includes demographic and ethnographic information, as well as material on language classification, dialects and multilingualism, and research methodology. The second chapter is a literature review. Topics covered include language documentation, description, and language classification, and an overview of previous research on the language. The third chapter discusses the phonology of Sekpelé. The fourth chapter focuses on the noun morphology of Sekpelé and includes topics such as the noun class system, agreement, and some noun derivations. The fifth chapter discusses the structure and types of noun phrases in Sekpelé. The sixth chapter focuses on pronouns while the seventh chapter describes the verb morphology. The eighth chapter discusses semantic classes of verbs and their valency. The ninth chapter discusses clause structure and clause types in Sekpelé. The tenth chapter discusses several construction types that involve combinations of verbs and/or clauses. This chapter is organised as following: (1) multi-verb clauses: serial verbs; overlapping clauses; consecutive constructions, (2) complement clauses, (3) adverbial clauses, (4) relative clauses, and (5) coordination. The eleventh chapter consists of the conclusion followed by a full bibliography of materials referenced in this thesis and a set of appendixes containing selected texts collected and annotated in the course of the research.
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Ballard, Daniel Isaiah. "Traditional Pottery in Ghana". Digital Archive @ GSU, 2007. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/art_design_theses/19.
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Pombeiro, Ana Isabel Matias. "Ghana`im em Alepo". Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Arquitetura, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/16513.
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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Arquitetura, com a especialização em Arquitetura apresentada na Faculdade de Arquitetura da Universidade de Lisboa para obtenção do grau de Mestre.O seu nome é Alepo. Um território manchado pelo conflito, onde os escombros são o contorno de um quadro de devastação, insalubridade e decadência. Num cenário Pós-Guerra, urge a necessidade de repensar a cidade e reabilitar a sociedade, iniciando-se a reflexão sobre o seu processo de reconstrução física e social. Assim, este é um trabalho que se remete para uma realidade complexa, contínua e interminável, e que se liga a variadas áreas de intervenção, necessárias ao desenvolvimento de uma proposta que restabeleça um quotidiano contextualizado com a sociedade que o pratica. Em pormenor, é selecionada a área da educação e proposto o desenvolvimento de um Equipamento de Ensino Básico, setorizado no público feminino. Conceptualmente, a escolha do desenvolvimento de um equipamento deste cariz (Escola Básica Feminina) marca, para além de um contributo arquitetónico na reconstrução física do território, uma intervenção social dotada de alguma ousadia e inovação, dado o facto de corresponder a uma rutura social e implementação de novos valores. Tal é justificado pela premissa de que até então as mulheres estão proibidas de exercer qualquer tipo de atividade intelectual e, portanto, estudar. Pretende-se assim clarificar, o ‘Papel Social’ que a arquitetura detém no seu exercício e na responsabilidade acrescida de contribuição com duplo sentido: formação de uma nova imagem da cidade e melhoramento do contexto social que nela habita. Contextualizada com a realidade local, surge o segundo conceito estudado, ‘Arquitetura de Emergência’, que se traduz na resposta rápida, não necessariamente imediata, à necessidade de abrigo ou habitação de caracter provisório, alvo para populações vítimas de catástrofes (naturais ou não), como é exemplo este conflito político-social. Compreende ainda, a utilização de materiais locais, de baixo custo e tecnologia, preferencialmente reutilizados. Forma-se assim, a primeira diretriz técnica na estratégia adotada para o delineamento da proposta. Por fim, o presente trabalho tem como objetivos a reflexão da vertente Social do exercício arquitetónico no melhoramento das dinâmicas humanas, e a aplicação de um conceito direcionado para a reutilização e procura de opções exequíveis num cenário resiliente, mas com baixas capacidades de reação à extrema necessidade de reconstrução, a "Arquitetura de Emergência".
ABSTRACT: In a city destroyed by war, where the debris shape a scene of devastation, insalubrity and decay, arises the need to rethink the city, considering a post-war situation, and to begin the reconstruction process. This is a project that covers a complex, continuous and endless reality that connects with several intervention areas, which must be under the context of this society daily life. It is based in the education theme, targeting in a more specific level the female students. In a conceptual level an infrastructure of this nature (Female Primary School), gives not only an architectural contribution to the physical reconstruction of the territory, but also imprints a bold an innovative social intervention, disrupting the social rules with new values in a society where, until now, women were not allowed to exercise any intellectual activity, in this case studying. It is intended to clarify that architecture can have a social role and can contribute to the creation of a new image for a city and its social context. Under the actual situation of the city, a second concept must be studied, “Emergency Architecture”, which can be translated as the fast reply (but not immediate), to the need of shelter or temporary housing in case of a catastrophe, like a political/social conflict. It includes the use of local materials that can be low cost and low technology and preferably reusable. This is how the strategical line of thought of this project was created. Resuming, the project idea is to consider the importance of architecture in the improvement of human dynamics, using local means and options that work in a resilient scenario, while applying the concept of “Emergency Architecture”.
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Agyemang, Edmund Adjei, Priscilla Okoh y K. O. Bobkovych. "Cardiovascular Diseases in Ghana". Thesis, «Інновації в медицині»: Тези доповідей 85-ої науково-практичної конференції студентів і молодих вчених із міжнародною участю (м. Івано-Франківськ, 24-25 березня 2016 р.). – м. Івано-Франківськ, 2016, 2016. http://dspace.bsmu.edu.ua:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11247.
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Furthermore about 10% of the adult populations are tobacco smokers and 5-7% - obesity. All these data positively show why the occurrence of cerebrovascular diseases in Ghana is a rampant and should be of concern to all stakeholders.Кафедра пропедевтики внутрішніх хвороб
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Owusu, Francis Yaw Carleton University Dissertation Geography. "Regional inequality in development and migration in Ghana". Ottawa, 1992.
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Ibrahim, Mohammad Saani. "The Tijāniyya order in Tamale, Ghana : its foundation, organization and role". Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=79777.
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The thesis explores the historical background, activities and organization of the Tijaniyya ṣufi order in the Tamale District of Ghana. After a survey of the history of Islam's penetration of sub-Saharan Africa, and the role of ṣufi orders in this process generally, the thesis looks at the founder of the Tijaniyya, Aḥmad al-Tijani (d. 1815 A.D.), his beliefs and the spread of these beliefs in the Dagbon area and, ultimately, the Tamale District. This is followed by an overview of the order's salient doctrines, and especially those teachings that are more or less unique to the Tamale region and that have awakened the ire of local Wahhabiyya members (Munchires). A look at the Tijaniyya local organizations and institutions comes next, which forms a backdrop to the discussion of the cross-section of the conflicts that have ensued between the order and its opponents in the Wahhabiyya movement. It will be seen that the Tijaniyya has had a considerable impact on the social fabric of the region, especially in terms of its ability to maintain the integrity of this fabric and its efforts at promoting non-violence between religious groups in the area. Our analysis concludes with a look at the series of reconciliation efforts made to find a lasting solution to the conflicts.
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Li, Anshan. "British rule and rural protest in southern Ghana /". New York : Peter Lang, 2002. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb38908540k.
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Lain, Jonathan. "Essays on self-employment in Africa". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:8fe67edf-8aac-4de2-b6cd-e60115a95788.
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Informal sectors in developing countries provide a substantial pool of jobs for some of the world's poorest people. Self-employment comprises a large portion of the job opportunities available to individuals working in these sectors. This thesis is concerned with the factors that drive people to become self-employed and determine their welfare as an entrepreneur, with a special emphasis on differences between women and men. In Chapter 1, we explain the Ghanaian context to which this thesis relates and outline the contribution of each main chapter and the common themes. In Chapters 2 and 3, we examine the trade-off between domestic work, such as caring for children and household chores, and market work. In Chapter 2, we consider the extent to which individuals are able to substitute between these two tasks to adjust to short-run variation in domestic productivity brought about by outages in electricity. We find that self-employed workers adjust non-monotonically to changes in domestic productivity, initially increasing their levels of domestic work to preserve consumption levels, but then substituting towards market work when power outages become more severe. We show that this relationship is heterogeneous by sex, and build a model of time allocation to demonstrate the theoretical mechanisms behind these results. In Chapter 3 we examine whether the factors that drive occupational selection differ by sex. It is often argued that women choose jobs in self-employment because this allows them to balance income-generation with childcare and other domestic work. We test the plausibility of this claim and its implications for labour market outcomes. First, we use a simple model of occupational choice to clarify our ideas about which notions of 'job flexibility' are important for the Ghanaian context. Second, we examine whether differential selection forces between women and men may explain the raw sex earnings gaps that appear to persist in various sectors, using a multinomial logit model to adjust for non-random occupational selection. We find that controlling for selection substantially widens the earnings gap amongst the self-employed, but shrinks it for the wage-employed. Third, we interrogate our selection equations and show that domestic obligations increase women's likelihood of entering low-input self-employment jobs more than men. We assess the importance of endogeneity using a maximum simulated likelihood estimator to couch the idea that selection on observables can be used as a guide for selection on unobservables, focussing on the discrete choice made over occupation. In Chapter 4, we turn to theory to try and resolve some of the empirical puzzles that remain from Chapter 3. In particular, we attempt to reconcile the fact that female participation in self-employment is so high even when the average differences in potential earnings are large. To do this, we construct a search model, which allows for individual heterogeneity and participation in both self- and wage-employment, as well as discrimination against female workers in the wage sector. We numerically solve and simulate this model, using calibrations from the existing literature, to explain a set of stylised facts generated from a longitudinal dataset of workers in urban Ghana. We show that wage sector discrimination leads to average earnings gaps in \emph{all} sectors of the economy, even if the underlying ability distribution is the same for both sexes. We also conduct a series of experiments to examine how women and men may be affected differently by government policy. Finally, in Chapter 5 we connect our main findings to policy and make some suggestions for future work.
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Chauvel, Clément. "Les paradoxes du bon élève : retour sur vingt ans d'ajustement au Ghana, 1983-2003". Paris, EHESS, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EHES0066.
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La thèse est une évaluation des politiques d'ajustement mises en place au Ghana depuis 1983. Elle cherche à savoir comment le « bon élève des institutions internationales » peut présenter un si maigre palmarès. La première partie retrace d'une manière dynamique le déroulement des mesures adoptées et montre que leur degré d'application a été important. La seconde partie propose un bilan des réformes par rapport aux objectifs visés, aux indicateurs du développement social, à l'évolution des autres pays du continent et aux résultats de l'ajustement couramment admis. Elle montre que le bilan de l'ajustement ghanéen se situe entre maigre succès et plein échec. La troisième partie recherche les causes de cet échec et met en avant trois éléments : le diagnostic préalable au lancement du programme était partiel, la stratégie s'est avérée incohérente et irréaliste par rapport au terrain, le décalage entre enjeux historiques et objectifs adoptés crée les conditions d'une dépossessionThe thesis is an assessment of Ghana's structural adjustment policies since 1983. It intends to understand how it is possible for "the good pupil of the IFIs" to encounter such disappointing results. The first part describes in the detail the reforms that were undertaken and shows that their degree of implementation has been great. The second part evaluates the policies according to their own objectives, to some social development indicators, to the other African countries and to the main findings of the academic research on adjustment. It shows that Ghana's results have ranged from meagre success to total failure. The third part looks into the causes of such a failure and stresses three points : the diagnosis that preceded the launching of the program was partial, the strategy proved itself inconsistent and unrealistic, the gap between historical stakes and adjustment policy's objectives has resulted in a dispossession
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Arbenser, Lawrence Nii Anang. "A general equilibrium analysis of the nexus between foreign direct investment, trade and macroeconomic policies : the case of Ghana /". Berlin : Dissertation.de, 2004. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=014608811&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Aboagye, Dickson Danso. "Impacts of climate change on food security in southern Ghana : a community perspective". Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020166.
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This study will examine the impacts of climate change on food security in Southern Ghana. Southern Ghana reveals that the district suffers post- harvest losses of about 8 percent of all cereals which hinders Ghana’s food security. Ghana still faces food insecurity due to high temperatures and low rainfall. This research therefore seeks to investigate what local communities of Southern Ghana are doing to address food insecurity problems with the advent of climate change. Several objectives to achieve this goal involves to identify factors hindering food security in Southern Ghana and to evaluate the extent that climate change has affected food security. A qualitative research approach was used by the researcher to come up with community strategies which this research seeks to address. Various conclusions such as community demand for support from the local government, sustainable irrigation programs, availability of pipe-borne water and environmental education were put in place, as possible solutions to the persisting food security problems in Southern Ghana.
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Hubner, Armin. "Ghana and the resource curse". Thesis, Webster University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1525124.
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Ghana has experienced solid economic and social development during the years before the finding of oil. Now that oil has been found, one should not forget that there are many countries in Africa which are rather cursed than blessed with natural resources. This phenomenon is known as the resource curse or more specifically the oil curse. This paper attempts to uncover the most challenging areas for Ghana, when its government wants to lift the resource curse. It further shows that Ghana is well prepared to tackle the negative effects of being oil abundant, by using the well-established models and concepts, which build on empirical analysis. Literature provides a lot to describe the oil curse, including the so called Dutch disease as well as conflicts, corruption, violence and bad governance, to mention a few. This paper will - in a case study approach- apply the concepts on Ghana and -with a qualitative comparative research design- expose the best practices from which Ghana can learn most. It will also show that Ghana's relatively good institutions will be able to implement most of the suggested policies which oppose the resource curse.
The outcome will be that Ghana's political environment, although far from perfect, is well prepared to deal with windfall oil revenues. Furthermore Ghana due its good structure of institutions and its stabilizing macroeconomic policies in the last decades, Ghana will be able to engage in best practice policies.
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Awusabo-Asare, K. "Education and fertility in Ghana". Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.233449.
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Kamins, Alexandra Orion. "Bats as bushmeat in Ghana". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.608105.
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Mensah, P. N. A. y N. M. Mercy. "Mallory-Weiss syndrome in Ghana". Thesis, Sumy State University, 2017. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/58359.
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Mallory-Weiss syndrome (MWS) is gastro-esophageal laceration, which complicated bleeding. The most common cause of MWS is severe or prolonged vomiting. While this type of vomiting occurs with illness, pregnancy, it also frequently occurs due to chronic alcohol abuse. Aim: to study frequency and results of surgical treatment of MVS in Ghana.
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Ільїна, Галина Самуіловна, Галина Самуиловна Ильина, Halyna Samuilovna Ilina y D. Kaitoo. "Glimpse on medicine in Ghana". Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2011. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/13502.
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Persistence of traditional medicine in modern Ghana. Traditional medicine has proven to be effective in treating both chronic and psychological problems, especially those associated with stress. Many practitioners of traditional medicine have a solid knowledge of herbs and their effects in healing organically based illnesses. Traditional medicine is usually community based. Healers are selected by a community that emphasizes personal qualities, and they usually have to pass various tests. Because they are from community, traditional healers know their patients personally, and are well acquainted with backgrounds, lifestyles and cultural beliefs. Another benefit of traditional medicine is that it is decentralized: it is easily and quickly available to individuals for whom traveling to urban centers for treatment is inconvenient, time-consuming and costly. Modern medicine in Ghana has changed the view of medicine and health. It has picked both local methods and foreign methods in the treating of diseases.
When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/13502
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Дерев`янко, Юрій Миколайович, Юрий Николаевич Деревьянко, Yurii Mykolaiovych Derevianko y П. Філіпс. "Challenges Facing Entrepreneurship in Ghana". Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2016. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/50259.
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Below are some of the most common challenges that entrepreneurs face or are
likely to encounter in Ghana:
Human resources. Many of the entrepreneurs spoken to complain of problems
with finding the human resources for their business and those that run such
businesses may not possess the requisite skills to manage their enterprises.
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Akpor, Adjei Emmanuella y Tetiana Gennadiievna Ostapenko. "Peculiarities of business in Ghana". Thesis, National aviation university, 2021. https://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/53432.
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The Republic of Ghana is a country located in West Africa, spanning land mass of 238,535 km2 and with a population of over 30.3 million. Ghana is a market-based economy with a GDP of 65.56 billion USD. Ghana has relatively few policy-based barriers to trade and investment compared to countries in the sub-region. It is a multiparty democracy with an independent judiciary, press freedom and freedom of speech.
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Agyepong, Stephen. "A monetary history of Ghana". Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/53114.
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The main purpose of the study was to trace the monetary history of Ghana, providing an overall view of how the various monetary regimes in Ghana's history affected the method(s) adopted to finance government budget deficits. The impact of the budget deficits on the money supply process and prices was also analyzed.
The study begins with an overview of the various definitions of deficit financing. A brief account of the monetary developments leading to the establishment of the West Africa currency Board in 1912 was given. The study then goes on to show how currency was acquired during the existence of the Currency Board (that is, 1912-57) This led to a discussion of how the Ghana Government financed its budget deficits during this period. The role of the Bank of Ghana in the monetary development after independence was discussed. The persistent Government budget deficits after independence and its effect on the money supply and prices was also discussed. It was found that there is a close connection between changes in the stock of money and changes in prices, and that in Ghana inflation has essentially been a monetary phenomenon.
The study concludes with the results of its findings and, their implications for public policy and, topics for further research. A guide to the history of Ghana's currency is provided in appendix A. Appendix B is notes on data used in the study.Master of Arts
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Heirman, Jonas Leo. "The impact of international actors on domestic agricultural policy : a comparison of cocoa and rice in Ghana". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:980ac41f-a591-4e23-ab16-deb6df121573.
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The global financial and food crisis of 2007 and 2008 was followed by a surge in foreign interest and investment in African agriculture. Renewed global interest in African agriculture was also accompanied by an increase in international efforts to influence domestic agricultural policies, including in Ghana. In the context of an increasingly globalised food regime and integrated commodity markets, this thesis answers the question: to what extent do international actors impact domestic agricultural policies in Ghana? Policy 'impact' is understood as the marked influence that international actors have on policy goals and the resources, institutions, and knowledge used for achieving them. This thesis compares case studies of cocoa and rice policy over two different periods in Ghana's recent history (1983-1995 and 2003-2012) to understand how international actors use their power and resources to impact agricultural policies. The comparison of cocoa and rice policy is used to address two gaps in existing literature by examining how the impact of international actors relates to: 1) the political economy for a specific crop; and 2) the interaction between actors at international, national and local levels. Findings from the comparative analysis are then used to test existing theories for how international actors influence government policy in Africa more generally. In particular, findings provide new insights into how the impact of international actors on African agricultural policies is strongly associated with the effect of policy decisions on the longer-term political economy for a particular crop.
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Mensah, Gwendolyn Patience. "Best practice guideline for the nursing management of women with gestational diabetes mellitus in military health institutions in Ghana". Thesis, Nelson Mandela University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/14036.
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Pregnancy is a normal physiological process for the majority of women. These women, their families and significant others normally expect a successful period of pregnancy, labour, delivery and arrival of a normal and healthy baby. However, some of these pregnant women may develop Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) during this period and if not managed properly, the mother and the foetus in utero are affected in a negative way: there is a likelihood of the mother and baby developing Type 2 Diabetes in the future and also, other risks such as preterm labour, and foetal macrosomia. In order to prevent such occurrences, I set out to develop a best practice guideline for the nursing management of GDM in military health institutions in Ghana in order to help enhance nursing care. The design for this research was qualitative, explorative, descriptive and contextual in nature. The research is organised in three phases: Phase one deals with the data analysis and discussion of the interviews with professional nurses and midwives and women with a history of GDM. The data collected from the interviews were transcribed, analysed and extracted with Tesch’s eight steps of coding used for the coding. The services of an independent coder were employed to assist with the coding process which led to the formulation of key themes. Semi-structured individual interviews provided a means of exploring the perceptions of professional nurses and midwives on the nursing management of GDM: in addition, women with a history of GDM were interviewed so as to elicit their views on the management they had experienced from professional nurses and midwives before and after being diagnosed with GDM. The trustworthiness of the study was ensured by conforming to Lincoln and Guba’s framework of credibility, transferability, dependability, confirmability and authenticity. An independent coder assisted with the coding process. Phase two deals with the Integrative literature review of available evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for the nursing management of GDM. Evidence-based clinical practice guidelines were searched and appraised with assistance from an independent appraiser and themes were then formulated. In Phase three, the themes from Phase one and Phase two were integrated for the development of a draft best practice guideline for the nursing management of GDM in military health institutions in Ghana. The draft guideline was given to an expert panel of reviewers for their comments and recommendations. These were considered in the development of the final best practice guideline for the nursing management of GDM.
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Agyeman-Yeboah, Joana. "A best-practice guideline for facilitating adherence to anti-retroviral therapy for persons attending public hospitals in Ghana". Thesis, Nelson Mandela University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/13603.
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The retention of persons on an HIV programme has been a global challenge. The success of any strategy to optimize adherence to anti-retroviral therapy (ART) depends on the intensive and effective adherence counselling and strategies. It is important to research whether persons receiving anti-retroviral therapy in public hospitals in Ghana are receiving the needed service that would optimize their adherence to the anti-retroviral therapy. Therefore, this study explored and described the experiences of healthcare professionals providing care, support and guidance to persons on ART at public hospitals in Ghana, as well as the best-practice guideline that could contribute to facilitating the ART adherence of patients. This study also explored and described the experiences of persons living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) on ART, regarding their adherence to the therapy. The study was organized into three phases. In Phase One: a qualitative, exploratory, descriptive and contextual design was employed. The research population included healthcare professionals, providing services at the HIV clinic at the public hospitals in Ghana, namely the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital; the 37 Military Hospital and the Ridge Hospital. The healthcare professionals comprised of doctors, nurses, pharmacists and trained counsellors employed in any of the three public hospitals. Persons receiving ART at any of the three public hospitals were also part of the research population. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with healthcare professionals and persons receiving ART. Data were collected from healthcare professionals in relation to their experiences regarding the provision of ART services, their understanding of evidence-based practice and best-practice guidelines, as well as data on the experiences of persons receiving ART in relation to their adherence to the therapy. The data were analysed using Creswell’s six steps of data analysis; and the coding of the data was done according to Tesch’s eight steps of coding. Trustworthiness was ensured by using Lincoln and Guba’s framework which comprised credibility, transferability, dependability, confirmability and authenticity. Ethical principles such as beneficence and non-maleficence, respect for human dignity, justice, veracity, privacy and confidentiality were considered in the study. In phase two, the literature was searched by using an integrative literature review approach and critically appraising the methodological quality of the guidelines in order to identify the best available evidence related to adherence to ART. In Phase Three, a best-practice guideline for facilitating adherence to ART was developed for public hospitals in Ghana based on the findings of the empirical research of Phase One and the integrative literature review in Phase Two. The guideline was submitted to an expert panel for review; and it was modified, according to the recommendations of the panel.
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Oduro, Georgina Yaa. "Gender relations, sexuality and HIV/AIDS education : a study of Ghanaian youth cultures". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609013.
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Verlet, Martin. "Grandir à Nima : dérégulation domestique et mise au travail des enfants". Paris 8, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA082115.
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Ce mémoire parle de la crise des unités domestiques et de la mise au travail des enfants. Le champs d'observation est un quartier populaire d'Accra, Nima, qui fut l'un des creusets de la classe laborieuse au Ghana. L'objet est le travail et ses métamorphoses. Il relie deux trajectoires : le retrait de l'homme salarié, conséquence de la crise de l'ajustement structurel et de la dérèglementation du marché du travail, l'exploitation du travail des enfants. La dérèglementation du marché du travail entraînera la dérégulation des unités domestiques. A l'ébranlement de la condition salariale correspondra une crise de celle-ci. Ainsi l'objet de se dédouble-t-il : la crise du travail salarié ; la crise des unités domestiques, et son ombre portée, la mise au travail des enfants. La démarche ressortit à l'anthropologie. De juillet 1993 à octobre 1996, les enquêtes de terrain ont été menées sur Nima. 350 entretiens furent conduits avec des gamins et des gamines, 150 avec les parents, 150 avec les patrons et les maîtresses. . .
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Hedges, John. "Becoming a teacher in Ghana : a study of newly qualified teachers in Central Region, Ghana". Thesis, University of Sussex, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.247993.
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This thesis explores the expenences of a small group of newly qualified teachers (NQTs) during their initial teaching experience at postings in Central Region, Ghana. A qualitative approach was chosen as the most appropriate way to gain insights into their perceptions. A key hypothesis underlying the study was that the first posting is crucial in influencing NQTs' perceptions of the profession. The research questions were organised around the central issues of: experience of the posting process, experience of induction, reflections on training, and perceptions of teaching in the classroom and, more generally, their roles as teachers in their communities. The perceptions ofNQTs were contextualised by interviews with some untrained teachers, principals in the training colleges, heads in the schools, and members of the education bureaucracy at the national and district level. During the research, it became clear that the process of posting was an important factor in NQTs' initial experience and this became a separate research question and chapter in the thesis. The teachers' perceptions and experiences are considered within theoretical frameworks drawn from the literature on teacher socialisation; teachers' occupational culture; and teachers' conceptions of practice. In particular, it draws on and critiques aspects of an analysis of teachers' professional culture in Gambia and South Africa by Alan Penny and Tansy Jessop (1998) and Colin Lacey's (1977) work on NQTs in the UK. It also adapts an analysis of the metaphors that teachers used to explain their perceptions of their work in Trinidad and Tobago (George et al, 2001) to the Ghanaian context. A main finding is the mismatch between the training NQTs receive and their initial occupational culture they were becoming part of, and revealing the problems associated with posting urban educated Ghanaians to rural schools. It also became clear that, within the aspects of occupational culture revealed in this study, there were conflicts between the social and classroom roles of teaching and a preoccupation with status. These can be seen as symptoms of a deeper conflict between the espoused purposes of primary education and its day-to-day practices, revealed in the metaphors teachers used to make sense of their work and roles. Key metaphors, which also emerged from interviews with heads, included: teacher as carer, teacher as role model, teaching as self sacrifice, and teaching as modernising mission. In summary, therefore, the thesis argues that NQTs enter an occupational culture that is riven by contradictions and conflicting expectations. This is exacerbated by the facts that: the link between teacher education and school contexts is limited; many NQTs are from urban backgrounds, posted to rural areas; their experience of the posting system and the education bureaucracy is often negative; they experience ambivalence from the community they are working in and many feel the curriculum is inappropriate. In this context, NQTs express their perspectives on teaching in terms of a number of metaphors, which are a mix of the idealistic, the pragmatic, and the practical. Heads can help mediate NQTs' experiences through induction, where there is particular emphasis on the social roles of teaching. In turn, these metaphors tended to be dominant in NQTs' perspectives on themselves and their work. Thus, this thesis argues that there is a need for more attention to be placed on teachers' social roles in training and induction and their link to actual school and classroom contexts and practices. It is hoped that this could lead to the development of more flexible teachers, who are better able to deal with the realities of teaching, particularly in rural areas. teaching experience. The process of posting gives them key signals about the
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Amoah, Felix. "Customer satisfaction with the guesthouse experience in Ghana". Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/6073.
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Guesthouse accommodation plays an important role in Ghana’s hospitality industry and was therefore the focus of this study as little research dealing with guesthouses in Ghana could be found. The number of guesthouses in Ghana continues to grow and they thus represent an important alternative to hotels. However, these establishments seem to perform poorly and face several challenges such as lack of managerial knowledge, insufficiently skilled employees, poor interaction with customers, and criticisms of the provision of low quality service. The main reason for undertaking this research was to provide guesthouse managers in Ghana with information that might assist them in making decisions about the experience they offer. Such knowledge could make this type of accommodation more competitive and eventually help the hospitality sector in Ghana attract tourists and grow. It is imperative that guesthouses focus on the experience they offer, because contemporary tourism and hospitality literature suggest that successful businesses require a shift from functional and financial interests to a more profound focus on total experiences which embody emotional aspects. It is thus argued that, if guesthouse managers in Ghana do not know how their guests perceive their guesthouse experience, they might make costly mistakes and allocate resources to aspects that already provide quality and value in a functional sense, instead of those elements perceived as providing quality and value in the total experience. Two dominating concepts, namely experience quality and experience value, formed the basis of the examination of guests’ experience with the guesthouses in Ghana. In addition, the relationships between the experience and satisfaction were also investigated. Four experience quality dimensions, namely hedonics, peace of mind, involvement, and recognition, and seven value dimensions were examined. The experience value dimensions included atmospherics, enjoyment, entertainment, efficiency, excellence, escape, and economic value. A proportional stratified random sampling procedure was followed to select the guesthouses for the study. Thereafter, a structured questionnaire was distributed to the guesthouse guests selected by means of convenience sampling. Five hundred and forty one useable questionnaires were received. The guesthouse guests formed the primary sampling unit for this study. The results of the empirical study showed a strong positive correlation between all the dimensions of experience quality and experience value, while the factor analysis confirmed that all these dimensions loaded on a single factor. Therefore, experience quality and experience value cannot be separated, and the resulting single multi-dimensional factor was subsequently renamed, overall experience. The results also indicated a positive relationship between hedonics, peace of mind, involvement, recognition, atmospherics, enjoyment, entertainment, efficiency, excellence, escape, economic value, and overall satisfaction. The inferentially established rank-order of the dimensions contributing to satisfaction can guide managers when allocating resources. Overall, atmospherics was ranked first, followed by economic value. Escape was the lowest ranked dimension. In addition, it was found that, except for escape, all the experience dimensions were perceived as basic satisfiers. This implies that guests will be dissatisfied when provision of these dimensions is inadequate. With regard to escape, listed as a performance factor, guests will be satisfied when performance is improved and dissatisfied when performance is low. A positive relationship was also found between overall experience and overall satisfaction. The latter include the likelihood of return and recommending the guesthouse to others. Finally, structural equation modelling confirmed a model representing the 11 experience dimensions (hedonics, peace of mind, involvement, recognition, atmospherics, enjoyment, entertainment, escape, efficiency, excellence, and economic value) and the relationships between overall experience and overall satisfaction pertaining to guesthouses in Ghana.
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Mohammed, Fuseina Mama. "The study of the (FCUBE) capitation grant and the school feeding programmes/schemes : a case study of the Ashiedu Keteke sub-metro in the greater Accra Region of Ghana". Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1195.
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The study focused on the impacts and challenges associated with the introduction of FCUBE with particular emphasis on the Capitation Grant and the School Feeding Programmes in the Ashiedu Keteke Sub-Metro of the Greater Accra Region of Ghana. Data was collected from Six Basic Schools in the Sub- Metro under Circuits 12 and 13. This study found out from the participants that the introduction of these policy options even though has improved enrolment and the quality of education is faced with a lot of obstacles and challenges such as access to school, shortage of teachers, economic and social cultural practices etc. It seems evident from the analysis in this study and observations that despite the achievements of government, there still are a number of children out of school in Ghana and being denied the right to education and therefore the goals of universal access to primary quality education cannot be achieved through the linear expansion of existing public schools system alone. One limitation was that the sample was quite small due to limited time and resources. The study contributes to the understanding of what the various education policies say and what really happens on the ground. It provides a foundation for further studies on a more extensive scale so as to get a broader picture of what the education sector really experience, as well providing guidance for the ministry to take actions that make it more friendly.
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Atinga, Gladys Teni. "Beginning teachers' perceptions and experiences of sexual harassment in Ghanaian teacher training institutions". Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=85120.
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The study explores trainee teachers' perceptions and experiences of sexual harassment in Teacher Training Institutions in Ghana. Guided by the research literature on sexual harassment and a feminist framework, the study seeks to understand how sexual harassment and its subtleties are experienced by trainee teachers in Ghana. It particularly throws light on the coping strategies of these trainee teachers in different sexual harassment scenarios. The study also seeks to increase awareness of sexual harassment in the Teacher Training Institutions and the population at large. This study is also a contribution to the scanty literature in the area of sexual harassment in Africa and has recommended options available to enlighten educational and policy planners on areas of priorities for action and to ensure a more effective response to sexual harassment in the Ghanaian society.Extensive review of the pertinent literature on sexual harassment was undertaken to support a critical analysis of the expressed perceptions and experiences of these students. Methods such as focus group discussions were employed with semi-structured interviews (open-ended questions) and memory writing as qualitative data gathering techniques to conduct group interviews and individual sessions with a random sample of 40 participants from two teacher training institutions of the country, the University College of Education in Winneba and Bagabaga Training College in Tamale. Female participants were engaged individually in memory writing using procedural guidelines.
The study found out that the main factors predisposing trainee teachers to sexual harassment in Ghanaian Teacher Training Institutions are Institutional practices by both teachers and students and the Institutional environment created from inadequate or complete absence of physical structures aimed at preventing sexual harassment and assaults. The lack of explicit policies to check sexual abuse, including sexual harassment, work in concert with the aforementioned institutional characteristics to create conditions that facilitate sexual harassment of female trainee teachers in the Ghanaian context. All these accumulate into an apparent institutional framework of sexual harassment that supports a regime of blatant disregard of the safety concerns of female trainee teachers.
Based on the testimonies of the students, it would appear that the problem of sexual harassment perpetrated by people in positions of authority is widespread in Ghana. Female student teachers are regularly exposed to a range of sexually motivated abuses within the learning environment, and these abuses are often carried out by tutors, professors, administrative staff and senior students. These three categories of agents of sexual harassment take advantage of available or perceived institutional power to abuse vulnerable female students. Also, perpetrators of sexual harassment against female students are not held accountable for their acts, thus perpetuating these abuses. By their very nature, the institutions of learning in Ghana are very hierarchically structured, such that power, might and right are often easily accorded to tutors over students, administrative staff over students and senior students over their junior counterparts. Most often they abuse the power and influence of their positions with threats of reprisals when the females refuse to consent to their sexual demands. The victimized females suffer untold consequences, which are minimized at every step in this structured power system.
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Ofori, Dei Samuel Mantey y University of Lethbridge Faculty of Health Sciences. "Contextual and individual level determinants of breast cancer screening intention among women in Ghana". Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Faculty of Health Sciences, c2013, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/3427.
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Steady increases in breast cancer burden have recently been observed in Ghana. Despite the low incidence of the disease compared with other African countries, breast cancer deaths are high in this West African country. However, the uptake of breast cancer screening programs remains extremely low among Ghanaian women. Using a mixed methods approach comprising quantitative surveys and focus groups interviews, this study examined the influences of individual and contextual level factors on Ghanaian women’s intention to perform breast self-examination or undergo clinical breast examination and mammography screening. The results suggest that health beliefs, knowledge, and sociodemographic, cultural and health system factors individually and collectively influence intentions towards breast cancer screening. These findings highlight the need for health education interventions to promote breast cancer screening programs, while addressing systemic, psychosocial, and cultural barriers to screening.viii, 187 leaves ; 29 cm
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Gyogluu, Sylvester Yinubah. "Infrastructure delivery in rapidly urbanising communal lands : case studies in Ghana". Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1448.
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Thesis (MTech (Town and Regional Planning))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, 2006The research focuses on urbanising communities in the peri-urban areas of the Tamale Metropolitan Area (TAMA) of Ghana and the inability of the urban authorities to provide adequate basic infrastructure services. Using a mix of qualitative and quantitative research approaches, the author observed that the development planning paradigms practiced over the years placed urban planning and service delivery in a centralised paradigm which cannot respond adequately to the increasing pressures of urbanisation, nor offer opportunities for the involvement of communities due to this top-down planning approache. The research in fact identified that the communities, through their own initiatives have planned and executed service projects to improve their lives in some respects where the TAMA has failed. The communities have achieved this due to their spirit of social solidarity, self-help and communalism built around their traditional chiefs, which incorporates some of the principles of Local Agenda 21. The TAMA sees this development as an opportunity to henceforth forge collaboration and partnerships with the traditional authorities for improved service delivery in the urbanising communities. This represents innovative urban planning and management approaches, which in the context of low-income urban communities, includes participatory planning and service delivery. These innovative approaches have been initiated in the Habitat Agenda emanating from the UN Conference on Human Settlements in 1996. The study advocates the concept of sustainable development and Agenda 21, as a working model which presents a participatory and integrative process for local authorities and communities to work towards urban improvements. The Local Agenda 21 planning approach, it is argued, will integrate and strengthen the already existing local community initiatives and provide a basis for partnerships and improved service delivery. The case - studies examined are the Tamale Metropolitan Area and the peri-urban settlements Jusonayili and Gumah.
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Ballong-Wen-Mewuda, Joseph Bato'ora. "São Jorge da Mina : 1482-1637 : la vie d'un comptoir portugais /". Lisbonne : Paris : Fondation Calouste Gulbenkian ; Centre culturel portugais : Diff. J. Touzot, 1993. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb356295916.
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Schauber, Almuth. "Armut und politische Partizipation : die Auswirkungen informeller Überlebenssicherung und Selbstorganisation städtischer Armer auf die politische Transition Ghanas /". Münster : Lit Verlag, 2008. http://d-nb.info/98821248X/04.
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Asmah, Ruby. "Development potential and financial viability of fish farming in Ghana". Thesis, University of Stirling, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/461.
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The potential for aquaculture development to make up for an annual 400,000mt shortfall in domestic fish supply was investigated. This involved an overview of the sector to determine its trends and operations and identifying strengths and constraints, a financial viability assessment of the sector, based on mode and levels of operation of existing farms, an assessment of the market and trade for cultured fish with a focus on Oreochromis niloticus, and finally, a GIS approach to update and reassess the potential for aquaculture development in Ghana. Data were obtained from both primary and secondary sources, the former, via fish farmer, dealers and consumer questionnaire surveys. Results of the study showed that interests in fish farming continue to grow with an overall annual average growth rate of 16% since 2000. The existing farms, 1300 in number were however very small with a mean farm size of 0.36ha and a median 0.06ha of which commercial farms accounted for less than 3%. Based on sizes, mode of operation and levels of input and output, five subsistence farm types were identified. Mean production from these pond-based farms ranged from 1436kg/ha/yr- to 4,423kg/ha/yr while that of a medium sized intensive commercial pond farm was 45,999kg/ha/yr. Commercial farming accounted for about 75% of 2006 aquaculture production. The main strength identified was the growing interest in both commercial and non-commercial fish farming and the main constraints were lack of quality seed, low levels of technical support and of knowledge in fish farming practices among non-commercial farmers. Net profits of commercial farms ranged from GH¢ 3,341 (US$3480)/ha/yr to GH¢ 51,444 (US$ 53,587)/ha/yr with payback from 1 to 4yrs, IRR at 35% to 105% and NPV from GH¢ 5,898 to GH¢ 236,412. By contrast, only two of the five non-commercial farm types made positive net returns ranging, from GH¢158 to GH¢1100/ha/yr, with minimum payback period of 14yrs, NPVs of less than 1 and the best IRR being just 4%, when initial capital requirements are full costed. Uncosted family labour inputs and negligible land opportunity costs improved viabilities for two farm types, where net returns/ha/yr increased by more than 50%, minimum payback dropped to 2 years, NPV from GH¢ 4839 to GH¢ 9330 and minimum IRR of 45%. Main constraints identified as affecting the profitability of subsistence farming were the relatively low prices of fish and the low levels of output which could be improved through better farming practices. From the market survey, a huge market potential for tilapia was identified with a current supply deficit of 41,000mt. The most preferred sizes by consumers and with potentially good market price for traders were those weighing at least 200g. For dealers, trading in cultured fish was found to be more profitable than trading wild capture tilapia because of lower wholesaler prices, gross profit margins were GH¢ 0.49/kg and GH¢ 0.25/kg respectively. Preference for tilapia was influenced by taste, availability, and its perceived health benefit. A key constraint to the sector was poor post-harvest handling and preservation of the fish resulting in shorter shelf life. From the GIS study, 2% (3,692 km2) of available land area was identified as very suitable for subsistence and about 0.2% (313.8km2) for commercial farming. A further 97.4% and 84.0% were identified as suitable for subsistence and commercial farming respectively. Areas with potential for cage culture were also identified, which were largely in the southern and mid-sections of the country. The overall conclusions are that based on natural resource requirements, market potential and financial viability, Ghana has the potential to totally make up the shortfall in domestic fish supply through aquaculture production. The current 400,000mt shortfall in domestic fish production can be achieved by 2020 by increasing overall aquaculture production by 60% per annum.
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Afeku, Kizito. "Urbanization and Flooding in Accra,Ghana". Connect to this document online, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1123271331.
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Thesis (M.A.)--Miami University, Dept. of Geography, 2005.Title from first page of PDF document. Document formatted into pages; contains [1], v, 53 p. : ill. Includes bibliographical references (p. 50-53).
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Svensson, Jessica. "Rättvisemärkts roll i kakaoekonomin i Ghana". Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Culture and Communication, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-12129.
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Kakaobönderna tillhör några av de fattigaste människorna i världen. En grupp bönder i Ghana insåg att deras förutsättningar skulle förbättras om de samarbetade. Kuapa Kokoo är resultatet, ett kakaokooperativ som grundades när en grupp odlare beslöt sig för att gå samman för att bättre kunna ta del av vad marknaden har att erbjuda. Rättvisemärkt certifierade Kuapa Kokoo, vilket innebar att kakaobönderna nu var delaktiga i Rättvisemärkts mål om att förbättra deras arbets- och levnadsvillkor.
Jag valde att titta närmare på Rättvisemärkt då organisationens verksamhet ofta framställs som något positivt av media. Intervjuer med kakaobönderna tyder på att deras levnadsstandard har förbättrats genom Kuapa Kokoo. Rättvisemärkts arbete har, enligt bönderna, medfört att de nu får en skälig lön, som betalas ut i tid, för sitt arbete; de har pengar till mat; de har råd att skicka sina barn till skolan; råd att betala för sjukvård, och har numera brunnar med rent vatten.
Den här socialantropologiska studien behandlar även kritikernas argument mot Rättvisemärkt. Till skillnad från medias positiva bild av Rättvisemärkt har jag i olika sammanhang även kommit i kontakt med kritiskt inställda människor. Det gjorde mig nyfiken på att se vilka argument kritikerna lägger fram, och om de kan utgöra en skälig grund till att ifrågasätta Rättvisemärkts arbete. Deras slutsats är att konsumenten hjälper utvecklingsländernas befolkning mer genom att inte köpa rättvisemärkta varor.
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Dinan, Carmel. "The single woman in Accra, Ghana". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/23849.
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Mbroh, Francis Kingsley. "Ghana : external debt problem and growth". Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.407659.
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Boni, Stefano. "Hierarchy in twentieth-century Sefwi (Ghana)". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:c3238187-7e9d-465d-b9e4-63ea1ad7eda1.
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The dissertation aims to provide an understanding of the relation between political-economic power and the attribution of social value in twentieth-century Sefwi (Ghana). The existing literature on relations of dominance amongst the Akan has flaws: works examine single relations of dominance in isolation; studies focus mostly on discontinuity and change; peripheral areas are neglected. In the dissertation these issues are addressed. Hierarchy is used as an analytical tool which enables one to link diverse expressions of dominance; the persistence of certain hierarchical patterns throughout the twentieth century is analysed alongside transformations; and the focus is on Sefwi, a marginal region of the Akan world. The dissertation is divided into five sections. The introduction presents the methodological and theoretical approach adopted in the work. Part one is concerned with change in hierarchical patterns: twentieth-century dynamics are analysed to determine the extent of change with reference to chiefly power, capitalist.relations and gender issues. Part two shows that unequal relations inform three hierarchical domains -ancestry, gender and seniority. Part three addresses the issue of the coherence and unity of hierarchy by examining modes of organization of experience that cut across the three domains of inequality: reference is made to the use of kinship terms; concepts of ownership, caretakership and help; recourse to the supernatural; food and drink transactions. In the conclusion, Sefwi hierarchy is examined in a wider comparative and theoretical perspective with reference to the notions of 'encompassing of the contrary' (Dumont) and 'fetishization' (Marx).
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Anku, Hilarious Edem. "Sources of Currency Depreciation in Ghana". OpenSIUC, 2018. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2444.
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This paper investigates the factors driving the real exchange rate in the Ghanaian economy. The paper aimed at finding the principal factor(s) that influence the real exchange rate and explains the channels by which these factors exert their influence using standard empirical methods of vector autoregressive (VAR) models. The paper established that inflation rate differentials and interest rate differentials influence the exchange rate through the expectations medium. Domestic and foreign money supplies which are exogenous macroeconomic variables were also found to be important in the Ghanaian money market as far as the exchange rate matters. The paper also highlighted how the great recession in the United States may have affected the cedi/dollar rate of exchange after this economic event swept through the United States generating spillover effects on economies around the world.
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Ziff, Sara Elizabeth. "Siphon filter assessment for Northern Ghana". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/53074.
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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2009.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 97-99).
The siphon filter is a household water filter developed by the Basic Water Needs Foundation based on the design of ceramic candle filters. The siphon filter is marketed under brand names CrystalPur and Tulip and is sold for roughly US$10. An independent Dutch laboratory found log reductions of 4.4-5.5 for the filter, and the filter features flow rates of roughly 3-5 liters per hour. This thesis evaluates the viability of the siphon filter for households in Northern Ghana, where water- borne diseases are a serious issue. With the help of Pure Home Water, a social enterprise that sells household water treatment and safe storage technologies in Northern Ghana, a field study was conducted in twenty-four (24) households in this region. The study consisted of household visits, water quality analysis and an Effective Use survey, which determined how properly the technology was used. Households drinking low and high turbidity source waters were studied, from a mix of middle and lower class households. A preparatory study was conducted at a MIT laboratory prior to the Ghana field study in order to be most effective during the field study. Initially, the field study was designed to avoid recontamination of siphon filtered water samples by taking filtered water samples directly from filter taps rather than sampling lower (post-filtration) container water. However, six (6) of forty-eight (48) filtered water samples showed higher levels of contamination than household stored water samples, indicating that recontamination occurred despite sampling directly from taps.
(cont.) Two possible causes of recontamination included bacterial regrowth within the filter, and filter taps resting in dirty lower water containers or touched by dirty hands. Recontamination is believed to have been due to the latter cause, but further research is needed to confirm this conclusion. The average percent removal of total coliform was 90.7%, and the average positive percent removal for E. coli of 94.1% (these values do not include the five and three samples respectively showing negative percent removals for total coliform and E. coli). However, these values may have been affected by recontamination and true filter performance may have been more effective. A post-filtration safe storage container design is recommended for the siphon filter to maintain the microbial quality of filtered water, and additional testing of the siphon filter with a safe storage container is advised. The distinction between middle and lower class households was not found to influence how effectively the filter was operated. Use of high turbidity water was found to affect filter performance in households: the filter clogged frequently with high turbidity water, partially because study participants did not consistently maintain the filter. Filter maintenance is less crucial for households drinking low turbidity water, and the filter clogged infrequently for these households, even with little maintenance. Alternative household water treatment technologies are compared to the siphon filter for use in households drinking low and high turbidity source waters in Northern Ghana. These technologies include chlorine, alum (coagulation), and the Kosim ceramic pot filter.
(cont.) If the siphon filter recontamination issue were resolved, the siphon filter would be recommended for households drinking low turbidity water in Northern Ghana over the other treatment options considered. The siphon filter is recommended over chlorine for low turbidity water because chlorine is consumable and requires a substantial wait for treated water, while the siphon filter is more permanent and requires little wait for treated water. Alum plus chlorine treatment is recommended for most households drinking turbid water, with the siphon filter as an alternative treatment method for households desiring a more permanent treatment technology, again if the siphon filter recontamination issue were resolved. The siphon filter is preferred over the Kosim filter because while the Kosim filter can only be cleaned by scrubbing and features a slow flow rate, the siphon filter can be kept clean by other methods (e.g. backwashing) before scrubbing is needed, and has a considerably faster flow rate. Keywords siphon filter, household water treatment and safe storage, safe drinking water, water quality.
by Sara Elizabeth Ziff.
M.Eng.
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Lau, Jonathan (Jonathan Ho Yin). "Designing sanitation projects in rural Ghana". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/66840.
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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2011.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 77-78).
Providing sanitation to rural areas in Ghana remains a huge challenge. Government funding is scarce while many international donor projects are ineffective. This thesis explores the difficulties with rural sanitation projects through the implementation of two pilot projects based on a co-evolutionary design and planning process. Additionally, qualitative and quantitative information provided by an NGO partner field surveys in the Northern Region, Ghana, as well as relevant literature are presented and analyzed. Two pilot Ecological Sanitation (EcoSan) latrine designs were tested on the ground by MIT researchers during January 2011. The pilot EcoSan latrines are cheaper than single-pit Ventilated- Improved-Pit (VIP) latrines built in Northern Region, Ghana. The Bin-Bin design and the Pure Home Water design have a construction cost of GHS 537 (USD $384) and GHS 943 (USD $674) respectively. However, social acceptability of EcoSan technology remains uncertain. In an assessment matrix, which includes five different latrine designs, the Bin-Bin and Sanergy latrine designs receive the highest scores (19 out of 27) for a given set of design and evaluation criteria. Potential areas for cost reductions and design improvements are identified. The following is recommended for organizations working in sanitation in rural Ghana: e Shift away from heavily subsidized, top-down sanitation projects: Investigate the local demand and willingness to pay for latrines and experiment with for-profit models such as the Sanergy/Easy Latrine models. * Investigate low-cost building materials and supply chains that can reduce latrine costs: Pilot and test rammed-earth blocks, mud-bricks and any other suitable, locally-available building materials. Investigate centralized latrine manufacturing processes. * Explore innovative design options: Move away from single-pit VIP latrine designs; Pilot and scale-up other designs, including the Bin-Bin, Sanergy and Easy latrines, in order to assess their social acceptability and costs. e Consolidate the work of organizations involved with sanitation: Create an easily accessible online database that summarizes various sanitation projects conducted by different organizations in Ghana to allow for effective collaboration and idea-sharing.
by Jonathan Lau.
M.Eng.
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Adu-Sarkodie, Yaw Amankwaa. "Epidemiology of trichomoniasis in Kumasi, Ghana". Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2005. http://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/682329/.
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Estimates from the WHO indicate that Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) infection is the most common curable sexually transmitted infection world wide. Unfortunately compared to other curable sexually transmitted infections, not much attention has been given to its control. This, however, is changing due to recent reports linking Trichomonas vaginalis infection to adverse birth and reproductive health outcomes and also its facilitation of acquisition of the Human immuno deficiency virus. Studies in this thesis address aspects of the epidemiology of Trichomonas vaginalis infection with a view to enhancing control programmes. Pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in Kumasi, Ghana, participated in the study. Data on socio-demographic characteristics, sexual behaviour, ano-genital hygiene, and partner behaviour were taken. Genital examinations were also done. Vaginal swabs were taken for the detection of Trichomonas vaginalis by 6 methods; latex agglutination, wet prep microscopy, culture, enzyme immuno-assay, polymerase chain reaction, and lateral flow. Women infected with TV were treated with standard 2g metronidazole single dose and had tests of cure done after a week. Four main findings are highlighted; socio-demographic, behavioural and clinical factors independently associated with TV infection were; young age, neither being of Akan nor northern origin, having no religious faith, and douching. Also, not using toilet roll for menstrual hygiene, complaining of a vaginal discharge, clinical detection of vaginal discharge and a vaginal pH more than 5 were independently associated with infection. However, these factors either singly or in combination, could not predict TV infection. using a combination of morphologically based traditional TV diagnostics (wet prep and culture) and molecular techniques (PCR), no evidence for the involvement of rectal and oral trichomonads in the aetiology of vaginal trichomoniasis as speculated recently, was found. iii. a developing country- friendly TV diagnostic, the latex agglutination test, compared favourably with culture, the gold standard in TV diagnosis. With 91% sensitivity and 99% specificity, it is easy to train to use, easy to use, enables same day treatment, and does not require any equipment. It is apparently stable in field temperatures and relatively cheap. iv. the use of 2g single dose metronidazole therapy by a directly observed strategy is feasible. It was well tolerated and had a cure rate of 99.4% after I week. These findings contribute some new information to the epidemiology of TV infection. Such attributes of the latex agglutination test and the excellent clinical efficacy of single dose metronidazole therapy should make the control of TV infection feasible.
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Adumpo, Emile Akangoa. "Regional Inequality of Education in Ghana". Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/22118.
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Bildung ist ein Instrument, das zur Bekämpfung von Armut, Ungleichheit und sozialer Ausgrenzung in jeder Gesellschaft eingesetzt werden kann. Für eine nachhaltige und ganzheitliche nationale Entwicklung ist daher eine gerechte Verteilung der Bildungsressourcen unter den Menschen erforderlich. Dies ist jedoch nicht immer ohne Weiteres zu erreichen, insbesondere in Afrika, wo der Kolonialismus in vielen Ländern teilweise zu einer ungleichen Entwicklung unter den Menschen geführt hat. Schon bald nach der Eingliederung der Northern Territories of the Gold Coast (heute Ghana) in die Kolonialherrschaft vernachlässigte die Bildungspolitik der Kolonialisten den nördlichen Teil des Landes.
Obwohl es einige Studien zum Kolonialismus in Afrika im Allgemeinen gibt, wurde nur wenig darüber berichtet, welche Rolle er bei der Schaffung eines ungleichen Bildungswesens spielte. Auch die Auswirkungen von aktiven Förderungsmaßnahmen, die zur Überbrückung der Kluft zwischen dem Nord-Süd-Gefälle in Ghana eingeführt wurden. Die wichtigsten Fragen, die diese Studie daher zu beantworten versucht, sind die Folgenden: Was waren die kolonialen Begegnungen mit dem Norden Ghanas, die die Unterentwicklung des Bildungswesens in der Region bewirkten? Wie überbrücken die aktiven Förderungsmaßnahmen bzw. die positive Diskriminierung die Kluft zwischen dem Norden und dem Süden des Landes?
Zur Beantwortung der Forschungsfragen wurde in der Studie ein methodengemischter Ansatz verwendet, bei dem Tiefeninterviews, Q-Methoden, Dokumentenanalyse und Beobachtung als Datenerhebungsmethoden Einsatz fanden. Es stellte sich heraus, dass die Kolonialisten eine bewusste Strategie verfolgten, den Norden zu einer Reserve ungelernter Arbeitskräfte zu machen, was erklärt, warum sie dort anfangs nur wenige Schulen bauten. Die Ergebnisse der Studie zeigen darüber hinaus, dass die positive Diskriminierung die Nord-Süd-Lücke nicht wie erwartet schließt. So kommt man zu dem Schluss, dass die Ausbeutung weitesgehend für die Unterentwicklung des Bildungswesens in Nordghana verantwortlich ist.Education is a tool that can be used to fight poverty, inequality, and social exclusion in every given society. Thus, for a sustainable and holistic national development, there is the need for an equitable distribution of educational resources among the people. This is however hardly achievable, especially in Africa where colonialism has partly brought about unequal development among the people in many countries. Soon after the Northern Territories of the Gold Coast (now Ghana) was incorporated under colonial rule, the educational policy of the colonialists did not favour the northern part of the country. Even though, there have been some studies on the colonialism of Africa in general, little has been done regarding the role it played in (re)producing unequal development of education in Africa. Likewise, the impact of an affirmative action instituted to bridge the gap between the north-south divide in Ghana has not been evaluated. The main questions this study thus seek to answer are: What were the colonial encounters with the north that brought about the underdevelopment of education in the area? How is the affirmative action bridging the gap between the north and the south? To answer the research questions, the study used a mixed-methods approach where in-depth interviews, Q methods, document analysis and observation were adapted as data collection methods. It was revealed that the colonialists adopted a deliberate strategy of making the north an unskilled labour reserve, thus accounting for why they did not build many schools there in the beginning. The findings of the study also show that the effect of the affirmative action has not been able to appreciably contribute to closing the north-south gap as expected. It is concluded that exploitation largely accounted for the underdevelopment of education in northern Ghana.
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Jones, Adam y Anne-Sophie Arnold. "Berichte einer Exkursion nach Süd-Ghana". Universität Leipzig, 2003. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A33561.
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This volume contains reports by six of the Leipzig students who took part in an excursion to southern Ghana in February-March 2002. In addition to reports based on stays in Abetifi, Amedzofe and Ho it includes an article on chiefs and development.Dieser Band beinhaltet Berichte von sechs Leipziger Studenten, die an einer Exkursion nach Süd-Ghana (von Februar bis März 2002) teilgenommen haben. Zusätzlich zu den Berichten, die auf Aufenthalten in Abetifi, Amedzofe und Ho basieren, enthält der Band einen Artikel zu Chiefs und Entwicklung.