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Lemettre, Sylvain. "Encapsulation sous vide de micro-bolomètres à basse température". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS524.
Texto completoSome kinds of MEMS like micro-bolometers require vacuum to operate optimally. This IR sensor is the cornerstone for uncooled infrared detection. Its best sensing capacity is achieved by thermal insulation, which is realized by placing it under vacuum (< 10-2 mbar). The vacuum is maintained throughout the camera lifetime thanks to a microvolume packaging (0.5 to 30 µL).The MEMS vacuum packaging implies the combination of two complementary technical solutions: first hermetic sealing, then getter device integration absorbing internal gas. The sealing technique retained (which enables leak rate <10-14 atm.cm3.s-1) is the metallic bonding. The getter is a thin transition metal film. When activated by an annealing, its surface traps gaseous molecules. The sorption process of the getter is ideally activated during the sealing process of the bonding.The typical temperature packaging process for micro-bolometers is 300°C. It is expected that sensibility of new types of micro-bolometers materials will be degraded if they are exposed to temperatures higher than 280°C. Consequently, their encapsulation require the elaboration of a new low temperature packaging technology.Such a technology has been developed based on experimental studies in laboratory and tests under industrial conditions
COSTA, ROGERIO SOARES DA. "THE GETTIER PROBLEM AND THE SCEPTICISM". PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2011. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=17904@1.
Texto completoPROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
Desde a publicação do famoso artigo do americano Edmund Gettier sobre as condições do conhecimento diversos pensadores apontaram para as conseqüências céticas advindas do questionamento do conceito de conhecimento como crença verdadeira justificada. A despeito de tal afirmação, poucos foram aqueles que se dedicaram elucidar em que exatamente consiste a ameaça cética. O objetivo da presente tese é formular um conceito de ceticismo que esteja de acordo com suas expressões mais relevantes, no passado e na atualidade, e averiguar se o problema de Gettier a ele pode realmente conduzir.
Since the publishing of the famous article from the american Edmund Gettier on the definition of knowledge several thinkers pointed out to the sceptical consequences derived from questioning the concept of knowledge as justified true belief. Despite such affirmation, few were those who dedicated themselves to clarify of what exactly consists the sceptical threat. This thesis objective is to formulate a concept of scepticism according to its most relevant expressions, in the past and nowadays, and to test if the Gettier problem can truly lead to it.
Magalhães, Thiago Lobato de. "Considerações sobre os problemas de Gettier". Florianópolis, SC, 2008. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/90905.
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Esta dissertacao tem como objetivo principal a apresentacao e discussao dos problemas apontados por Gettier em relacao a concepcao classica do conhecimento como crenca verdadeira e justificada. Gettier apresenta em seu artigos justified true belief knowledge?. dois casos onde o sujeito do conhecimento possui uma crenca verdadeira e justificada, mas nao possui conhecimento em relacao a mesma, colocando assim a nocao tradicional de conhecimento em xeque. O artigo de Gettier provocou uma grande discussao na filosofia contemporanea principalmente sobre as nocoes de conhecimento e justificacao. Parte desta discussao e abordada nesta dissertacao ao apresentarmos possiveis solucoes aos problemas de Gettier e ao considerarmos quais principios epistemicos devem ser aceitos como legitimos no ambito da logica epistemica. Pretendo com este trabalho apresentar uma concepcao do conhecimento humano que evite os problemas apresentados por Gettier. Para que a concepcao de conhecimento supere os problemas que sao sugeridos pelos exemplos de Gettier, basear-me-ei nas ideias de Russell e Goldman sobre o tema. Russell apresenta uma forma de solucionar tais problemas aceitando a existencia de um conjunto fundamental de conhecimentos a partir do qual, por meio de inferencias, estariamos justificados em acreditar em outras proposicoes que seriam, entao, novos casos de conhecimento, ja Goldman defende que para que uma crenca seja considerada justificada a mesma tenha que ser produzida por um processo de producao de crencas confiavel. Mas tais conhecimentos fundamentais sao reais? Podemos estar totalmente seguros que sao de fato conhecimentos e nao meras crencas? As bases de nossos conhecimentos sao infaliveis? A resposta dos ceticos e dizer que nao, nao podemos ter conhecimentos genuinos a cerca do mundo ou do que quer que seja. Mas entao, o que sao aquelas coisas que dizemos ser conhecimentos? Tratarei neste trabalho do conhecimento humano. Nao do conhecimento do mundo como ele e, pois nao temos um acesso direto ao mundo, mas do conhecimento humano relativo a um contexto. Buscarei apresentar uma teoria que determine sob quais condicoes as pessoas tem conhecimento em um determinado contexto. Nao pretendo que a concepcao de conhecimento aqui apresentada represente o conhecimento que de fato corresponde ao mundo, o que Russell desejava alcancar com sua nocao de conhecimento apresentada em seu livro Os Problemas da Filosofia. Pretendo sim, esbocar uma nocao de conhecimento que capture a estrutura por tras da concepcao de conhecimento como crenca verdadeira e justificada de Russell, utilizando a ideia dos Fundacionalistas de que existe um conjunto de conhecimentos basicos e o que a partir deste conjunto puder ser inferido tambem possa ser considerado conhecimento, sendo que, o conjunto basico de conhecimentos possa diferir conforme o contexto epistemico, isto e, conforme o que e aceito em um contexto como podendo ser diretamente conhecido. O contexto epistemico, ao qual me refiro, determina o que e aceito por um individuo ou comunidade de individuos como sendo diretamente justificavel, e o que e tomado como sendo regras de inferencias aceitaveis pelo mesmo, portanto, determina o que e conhecimento.
The aim of this dissertation is to present and discuss the problems pointed out by Gettier in relation to the classical definition of knowledge as justified true belief. Gettier presents in his paper #\Is justified true belief knowledge?. two cases where the subject of knowledge has justified true belief, but doesn#et have knowledge putting therefore, the traditional knowledge notion in check. Gettier#es paper provoked a great discussion in contemporary philosophy, mostly about the notions of knowledge and justification. This dissertation deals with a part of this discussion, presents possible solutions to Gettier#es problems and consider which epistemic principles should be accepted in the scope of epistemic logic. This work intends to present a conception of human knowledge that avoids Gettier#es problems. In order to overcome the problems raised by Gettier#es examples, this conception of knowledge will be based on Russell and Goldman#Ls ideas about the subject. Russell presents a way to solve these problems by accepting the existence of a fundamental set of known propositions, from which, by means of inferences, we should be justified in believing other propositions (which would be then new instances of knowledge). Goldman defends that, in order for a belief to be considered justified, it has to be produced by a reliable process. But, do those fundamental known propositions constitute real knowledge? Can we be totally sure that they in fact are knowledge and not mere beliefs? Are the bases of our knowledge infallible? The sceptic#es answer is no, we cannot have authentic knowledge about the world or anything else. But if this is so, what are those things that we say to be knowledge? This work deals with human knowledge; not the knowledge of the world as it is, because we don#et have direct access to the world, but it deals with the human knowledge in relation to a context. I present a theory to establishing under which conditions people get knowledge in a specific context. I don#et intend this knowledge conception here presented to represent knowledge that in fact corresponds to the world, which is what Russell desired to obtain with his notion of knowledge presented in his book The Problems of Philosophy. I intend to outline a notion of knowledge that captures the structure behind the Russell#es conception of knowledge as justified true belief, using the foundationalist idea that there is a basic set of knowledge and whatever we could infer from this set of knowledge will be consider knowledge too. However, the basic set of knowledge may differ according the epistemic context, for example, according to which is accepted in a context as being directly known. The epistemic context, to which I refer, establishes what is accepted by an individual, or a community of individuals, as being directly justifiable. That which is considered by them to be reliable inference rules, therefore, determines what is knowledge.
Silva, Kariane Marques da. "CONTRAEXEMPLOS DE GETTIER: REPENSANDO A JUSTIFICAÇÃO EPISTÊMICA". Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2016. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/9164.
Texto completoIn the 1960s, a debate has begun in Epistemology about a problem raised by Edmund Gettier in relation to the traditional conception of knowledge. Nowadays the cases presented by Gettier don t seem resolved what makes them even more relevant in current epistemological debates. According to these cases, some scenarios are possible in which necessary and sufficient conditions (belief, truth and justification) are satisfied in order to the traditional definition of knowledge. However, in these cases the subject (a candidate for knowledge) isn t in possession of knowledge. The mainly discussions about it are relative to the concept of epistemic justification, because justification, as an element that identifies the truth of a belief, is supposed not to be sufficient to carry on this function. This insufficiency allows, therefore, the subject be in possession of justification for her/his beliefs and, at the same time, have no knowledge yet. Gettier cases are considered a problem by some theories that defend the standard conditions to the definition of concept of knowledge. Many efforts have been tried to solve these cases with the establishment of an anti-Gettier condition to the definition of knowledge. This way of solution takes to the development of some theories of justification subjected to additional Gettier cases. Unlike this, Laurence Bonjour publishes a critic called The Myth of Knowledge, in which Gettier cases are read like some epistemological pseudoproblems. Bonjour defends that such cases and also the Lottery Paradox are introduced to Epistemology as a result of the adoption of a fallibilist view of knowledge, particularly in relation to the concept of justification. According to him, fallibilists have been failed in their efforts to solve Gettier cases and, hence, they have been complicated the possibility of a coherent concept of knowledge. Furthermore, a mistake in relation to support a fallible justification involves a myth, namely, a worthy philosophical conception of knowledge that can be found in common sense. The fallibilist view, consonant Bonjour, is philosophically unsustainable. His suggestion concerns the abandonment of the myth, because only with this way epistemological pseudoproblems would be dissolved, like those problems set by Gettier counterexamples.
Na década de 60, inicia-se um debate, no âmbito epistemológico, em torno de um suposto problema proposto por Edmund Gettier a respeito da definição tradicional de conhecimento. Até a atualidade, os casos apresentados por Gettier parecem não ter sido resolvidos, o que torna a discussão relevante nos atuais debates epistemológicos. De acordo com esses casos, é possível postular cenários em que as condições (crença, verdade e justificação) necessárias e suficientes para a definição tradicional de conhecimento são satisfeitas; entretanto, o sujeito, candidato a conhecedor, não está de posse de conhecimento. As principais discussões sobre isso ocorrem em torno do conceito de justificação epistêmica, pois se supõe que a justificação, entendida como o elemento que identifica a verdade da crença, não é suficiente para realizar essa função; permitindo, assim, situações em que o sujeito esteja de posse de justificação para suas crenças e, mesmo assim, não tenha conhecimento. Para as teorias que mantêm as condições-padrão para a definição do conceito de conhecimento, os casos de Gettier são postos como um problema, e muitas tentativas de superá-lo acontecem por meio do estabelecimento de uma condição anti-Gettier para a definição de conhecimento. Essa via de solução leva ao desenvolvimento de teorias da justificação que incorrem em adicionais casos de tipo-Gettier. Diferentemente disso, Laurence BonJour publicou uma crítica denominada O Mito do Conhecimento, em que os casos de Gettier são entendidos como pseudoproblemas epistemológicos. BonJour argumenta que tais casos, e também o Paradoxo da Loteria, são introduzidos à epistemologia como resultado da adoção de uma visão falibilista do conhecimento, particularmente com relação ao conceito de justificação. O que se evidencia é que os falibilistas têm fracassado nas tentativas de soluções para casos tipo-Gettier, e com isso inviabilizam a possibilidade de um conceito coerente de conhecimento. O equívoco da sustentação de uma justificação falível para o conhecimento radica num mito, a saber, que pode ser encontrado no senso comum uma concepção de conhecimento que seja digna de preocupação filosófica. Para BonJour essa visão falibilista do conhecimento é filosoficamente insustentável. Sua sugestão é de que se abandone o mito que a sustenta, pois somente assim se dissolveriam os pseudoproblemas epistemológicos, como aqueles engendrados pelos contraexemplos de Gettier.
Lain, amador Lucia. "Production of ultra-high-vacuum chambers with integrated getter thin-film coatings by electroforming". Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCD006/document.
Texto completoTitanium Zirconium Vanadium (TiZrV) thin film coatings are used in particle accelerators and synchrotron light sources to maintain ultra-high vacuum conditions. They are deposited on the internal walls of the vacuum chambers, transforming them from a gas source into a chemical pump. The trend in electron accelerators design consists in approaching the poles of the steering magnets close to the electron beam. This implies reducing the bore hosting the vacuum chamber and using very small diameter vacuum pipes. The application of physical vapor deposition (PVD) in such small diameter chambers becomes then very difficult. The aim of this project is to develop a novel procedure of coating/assembly, using a sacrificial aluminium mandrel as substrate of the thin film together with the creation of a surrounding copper chamber by electroforming. The first part of the study deals with the production and characterization of the electroformed chambers. The mechanical robustness of the assembly is checked, and the film characterization is performed by secondary electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy (XRF) and X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). Moreover, the pumping performance is measured and compared with reference values of coatings produced by the standard PVD technique. The second part of the study evaluates the impurities included during the different steps of the process: PVD coating, electroforming and chemical etching of the mandrel. Thermal desorption spectroscopy and XPS depth profiling allow to quantify the impurities in the electroformed copper and the TiZrV thin film. Furthermore, the presence of hydrogen trapped in the electroformed copper is studied for different copper sulphate baths. One of them, without additives, require the use of pulse currents. The electrochemical behaviour of the bath allows the selection of different pulse parameters, derived from typical situations on the transient curves. Finally, the development of real-scale prototypes was achieved with the creation of a 4 mm diameter, 2 meters TiZrV coated vacuum chamber, which is unrivalled up to date
Archer, Adrian Avery. "McDowell, Gettier, and the bipartite account of perceptual knowledge /". St Andrews, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/511.
Texto completoFett, João Rizzio Vicente. "O problema de Gettier e a epistemologia do raciocínio". Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10923/7995.
Texto completoLegend has it that up until the beginning of the latter half of the twentieth century, the philosophical community had tacitly accepted a tripartite analysis of knowledge harking back to Classical Antiquity – the Platonic Legacy. Such an epistemological perspective consists of ancient background assumptions which define 'knowledge' in terms of 'justified true belief'. In 1963, the philosopher Edmund Gettier refuted the sufficiency of this definition, showing to epistemologists that there are cases where it is possible for one to believe truly and justifiably some proposition without having knowledge of it, because the belief turns out to be true just by accident. The Gettier problem requires us to come up with a modified analysis of knowledge which withstands those counterexamples presented by Gettier. In this essay, we examine one of the attempts to solve that problem: the defeasibility theory of knowledge, proposed by Peter Klein. We furnish the reader with good reasons to believe that, unanswered objections notwithstanding, the defeasibility theory offers a promising and interesting analysis of knowledge. Recently, however, the defeasibility theory was faced with a new challenge: the problem of knowledge from falsehood. During the last decade, many purported cases of inferential knowledge based on false beliefs have been put forward in the literature, going against an entrenched Aristotelian thesis on inferential knowledge, according to which only knowledge can produce knowledge. Our last task in this essay is to show in what way Klein’s defeasibilism handles that problem and how it accommodates the possibility of there being knowledge from falsehood.
Reza a lenda que até o início da segunda metade do século XX, a comunidade filosófica aceitava tacitamente, desde os primórdios, uma definição tripartite de conhecimento, remontando aos textos platônicos, segundo a qual conhecimento é crença verdadeira justificada. Em 1963, porém, o filósofo Edmund Gettier publicou um artigo refutando essa definição através de dois contraexemplos. Ele mostrou que há casos nos quais é possível que acreditemos veraz e justificadamente em uma proposição sem que tenhamos conhecimento dela. O problema de Gettier exige que compreendamos como a análise tradicional (Platônica) deve ser alterada de modo que os contraexemplos criados por Gettier não constituam contraexemplos à analise modificada. Nesta dissertação, vamos examinar uma das respostas a esse problema: a teoria da anulabilidade, de Peter Klein. Esperamos, ao fim da apresentação da teoria de Klein, ter oferecido ao leitor boas razões para crer que a teoria da anulabilidade oferece uma análise do conhecimento interessante e promissora em muitos aspectos - não obstante objeções ainda não respondidas - colocando-se, assim, entre as melhores candidatas para a solução do problema de Gettier. Recentemente, contudo, uma grande ameaça se impõe ao anulabilismo de Klein: o problema do “conhecimento via falsidade. ” Nos últimos dez anos, um bom número de ostensivos casos de conhecimento inferencial com base em crenças falsas foi posto em circulação, indo de encontro à enraizada tese Aristotélica sobre conhecimento inferencial, segundo a qual conhecimento inferencial só é produzido por crenças verdadeiras que são casos de conhecimento. Nossa última tarefa será, então, entender como o anulabilismo de Klein acomoda o novo dado epistemológico da possibilidade de haver conhecimento com base em falsidades.
Boström, Dan. "Efter Gettier Kom Plantinga : En Fördjupning av Begreppet Berättigande". Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för idé- och samhällsstudier, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-149697.
Texto completoFett, Jo?o Rizzio Vicente. "O problema de Gettier e a epistemologia do racioc?nio". Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2016. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/6571.
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Legend has it that up until the beginning of the latter half of the twentieth century, the philosophical community had tacitly accepted a tripartite analysis of knowledge harking back to Classical Antiquity ? the Platonic Legacy. Such an epistemological perspective consists of ancient background assumptions which define 'knowledge' in terms of 'justified true belief'. In 1963, the philosopher Edmund Gettier refuted the sufficiency of this definition, showing to epistemologists that there are cases where it is possible for one to believe truly and justifiably some proposition without having knowledge of it, because the belief turns out to be true just by accident. The Gettier problem requires us to come up with a modified analysis of knowledge which withstands those counterexamples presented by Gettier. In this essay, we examine one of the attempts to solve that problem: the defeasibility theory of knowledge, proposed by Peter Klein. We furnish the reader with good reasons to believe that, unanswered objections notwithstanding, the defeasibility theory offers a promising and interesting analysis of knowledge. Recently, however, the defeasibility theory was faced with a new challenge: the problem of knowledge from falsehood. During the last decade, many purported cases of inferential knowledge based on false beliefs have been put forward in the literature, going against an entrenched Aristotelian thesis on inferential knowledge, according to which only knowledge can produce knowledge. Our last task in this essay is to show in what way Klein?s defeasibilism handles that problem and how it accommodates the possibility of there being knowledge from falsehood.
Reza a lenda que at? o in?cio da segunda metade do s?culo XX, a comunidade filos?fica aceitava tacitamente, desde os prim?rdios, uma defini??o tripartite de conhecimento, remontando aos textos plat?nicos, segundo a qual conhecimento ? cren?a verdadeira justificada. Em 1963, por?m, o fil?sofo Edmund Gettier publicou um artigo refutando essa defini??o atrav?s de dois contraexemplos. Ele mostrou que h? casos nos quais ? poss?vel que acreditemos veraz e justificadamente em uma proposi??o sem que tenhamos conhecimento dela. O problema de Gettier exige que compreendamos como a an?lise tradicional (Plat?nica) deve ser alterada de modo que os contraexemplos criados por Gettier n?o constituam contraexemplos ? analise modificada. Nesta disserta??o, vamos examinar uma das respostas a esse problema: a teoria da anulabilidade, de Peter Klein. Esperamos, ao fim da apresenta??o da teoria de Klein, ter oferecido ao leitor boas raz?es para crer que a teoria da anulabilidade oferece uma an?lise do conhecimento interessante e promissora em muitos aspectos - n?o obstante obje??es ainda n?o respondidas - colocando-se, assim, entre as melhores candidatas para a solu??o do problema de Gettier. Recentemente, contudo, uma grande amea?a se imp?e ao anulabilismo de Klein: o problema do ?conhecimento via falsidade.? Nos ?ltimos dez anos, um bom n?mero de ostensivos casos de conhecimento inferencial com base em cren?as falsas foi posto em circula??o, indo de encontro ? enraizada tese Aristot?lica sobre conhecimento inferencial, segundo a qual conhecimento inferencial s? ? produzido por cren?as verdadeiras que s?o casos de conhecimento. Nossa ?ltima tarefa ser?, ent?o, entender como o anulabilismo de Klein acomoda o novo dado epistemol?gico da possibilidade de haver conhecimento com base em falsidades.
Wu, Ming. "Etude et intégration de films getter pour le packaging sous vide à basse température de résonateurs à quartz". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS240.
Texto completoThe vacuum packaging of resonant sensors (accelerometers, gyroscopes) and quartz oscillators which are used for time references or bolometers is needed in order to reach high performances on a long term. The low volume of the cavity requires an in-situ gas pumping to compensate the leaks and maintain the vacuum during all the lifetime of the device. This pumping can be achieved by the integration of getter materials into the cavity, behaving as an integrated solid state pumping system based on the adsorption and the trapping of the gas molecules.We have studied the interdiffusion phenomena and compared the sorption capacity of titanium, vanadium or zirconium getter film protected by a thin gold layer. The properties of these films were analysed by various techniques: 4 point probe resistivity measurement, XRD, SEM, XPS and SIMS after different thermal treatments. The results show that the Au/Zr system is the best candidate thanks to the gold dewetting after thermal treatment: 70 nm of Zr has been oxidized to ZrO2 after annealing at 300 °C-1h, which is corresponding to the absorption of 7,5 10-7 moles of oxygen. However Au/Zr system already reacts at 200 °C-1h, a too low temperature for packaging applications under vacuum. Thus, the multilayer Au/Zr/V/Zr was proposed to target an activation temperature around 300 °C while keeping a high sorption capacity
Gettel, Marco [Verfasser]. "Ersatzimperfektionen für den numerischen Beulsicherheitsnachweis stählerner Kreiszylinderschalen / Marco Gettel". Aachen : Shaker, 2009. http://d-nb.info/1161309438/34.
Texto completoHovland, Valerie A. (Valerie Ann) 1975. "Zirconium alloy getter bed air-ingress thermal failure analysis". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/49669.
Texto completoIncludes bibliographical references (leaf 42).
In the event of an unexpected inrush of air into a packed St-909 getter bed, the exothermic reaction of oxygen and pellet material pushes temperatures within the bed to extremely high levels. This failure mode, which could be caused by a line rupture, was modeled, analyzed, and a full-scale experiment was performed in the Tritium Science and Engineering group at Los Alamos National Laboratory to confirm the results that the primary bed container will not fail from overheating. The oxidation of St-909 pellets was modeled and determined to be limited by the oxide diffusing into the pellet material. An effective diffusivity of the oxide into the pellet and its variance with temperature was determined. In the full-scale experiment, air was pumped through the bed at 15 standard liters per minute. Oxygen breaking through the bed was gradual and began after almost one hour of air flow. Maximum temperatures along the centerline of the bed reached 1280°C, primary container temperatures reached 840°C, and the primary container maintained structural integrity throughout the experiment.
by Valerie A. Hovland.
S.M.
Thibault, Delphine. "Piégeage de l'hydrogène dans des hydrures métalliques en présence de mélanges de gaz". Thesis, Paris Est, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PEST1143.
Texto completoMitigation of the hydrogen risk generated by radiolysis during nuclear waste transportation is a major safety concern in the nuclear industry. Intermetallic compounds act as getters to trap hydrogen in solid state spontaneously in wide ranges of temperatures and pressures including waste transport conditions. The hydrogenation reaction proceeds through a dissociation step at the metal surface and the presence of inhibiting gas molecules such as nitrogen or carbon monoxide can strongly affect the gettering performances of the material. Therefore, an innovative system has been proposed in this work to protect alloy surfaces and optimize hydrogen gettering in the presence of gas mixtures using a hydrogen permselective membrane. Structure and chemical composition of zirconium alloys from the Zr-Fe and Zr-Ti-V systems, known to be relatively tolerant to contaminants gas, have been investigated using X-ray diffraction and electron microprobe analysis. The hydrogen sorption properties have been studied and confirmed the hindering effects of carbon monoxide on the kinetics and the absorption capacity of those hydrides. Meanwhile, microporous silica membranes and dense polyimide have been developed. Their permeation and selectivity properties to hydrogen have been characterized in temperature and pressure conditions close to the foreseen application. Embedded hydrides into a permselective polymeric matrix were finally proposed. This coupling showed benefits on the absorption kinetics in the presence of CO
Lindqvist, Fanny y Johanna Jonsson. "”Ni har ju faktiskt gettdem ett språk” : En kvalitativ studie om hur förskollärare arbetar medalternativ och kompletterande kommunikation iförskolan". Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad utbildningsvetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-185529.
Texto completoAvdiaj, Sefer, Fisnik Aliaj y Naim Syla. "Modelling the oxygen diffusion profile in St 707 non evaporable getter material". Diffusion fundamentals 20 (2013) 82, S. 1, 2013. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A13669.
Texto completoAvdiaj, Sefer, Fisnik Aliaj y Naim Syla. "Modelling the oxygen diffusion profile in St 707 non evaporable getter material". Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-183707.
Texto completoRyan, Shane Gavin. "Nature and value of knowledge : epistemic environmentalism". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/9736.
Texto completoSmith, Modie Christon Lycan William G. "Representative concepts how to analyze knowledge as true belief in the face of Gettier counterexamples /". Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2006. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,112.
Texto completoTitle from electronic title page (viewed Oct. 10, 2007). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of Philosophy." Discipline: Philosophy; Department/School: Philosophy.
Enqvist, Erik. "Synthesis and Characterisation of Non-Evaporable Getter Films Based on Ti, Zr and V". Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Plasma och beläggningsfysik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-77473.
Texto completoKeshaw, Jeetesh Bhana. "Reverse engineering of GETTER : a fission product release code for PBMR / Jeetesh Bhana Keshaw". Thesis, North-West University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/1534.
Texto completoPérichaud, Isabelle. "Effet getter externe par diffusion de phosphore dans du silicium multicristallin : additivité de l'hydrogénation". Aix-Marseille 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992AIX30013.
Texto completoZhang, Xiaoxing. "Une défense de l'épistémologie cartésienne". Thesis, Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040092.
Texto completoDuring the 20th century, the position of Cartesian epistemology has been much criticized. The transparency of the mind, as well as our authentic access to our own mental states, have been continuously attacked by arguments that attempt to reveal the fallibility of our putatively foundational cognitions. The famous problem of the speckled hen is representative; some epistemologists have also configured fictional scenarios where our foundational cognitions suffer from strange cognitive process or unfavorable epistemic environment, so that the relevant cognitions are no longer reliable, a fortiori infallible; others directly state that there are fundamental cognitions that are actually mistaken. These three groups of fallibilist objections are not flawless, but there are no systematic and sufficiently solid responses that defend the infallibility thesis either. In this dissertation, we shall reconstruct a model of intuition on the basis of Descartes’ Regulae ad directionem ingenii. The model will be used to refute most of the contemporary anti-Cartesian objections. It also provides a new interpretation of Descartes’ Meditations and other related texts
Tenchine, Lionel. "Effet getter de multicouches métalliques pour des applications MEMS. Etude de la relation Elaboration - Microstructure - Comportement". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00609077.
Texto completoTheorell, Hannes. "Bräkanden från förr : att skilja får från getter utifrån kv. Apoteket 4-5 i Visby". Thesis, Högskolan på Gotland, Institutionen för kultur, energi och miljö, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hgo:diva-1500.
Texto completoAtt skilja mellan ben från får och ben från get har länge varit en utmaning för zoologer, arkeozoologer och osteologer. Särskilt när ett arkeologiskt benmaterial undersöks eftersom materialet ofta är fragmenterat och sämre bevarat. Zeder & Pilaar (2010) och Zeder & Laphams (2010) metoder för att skilja mellan får och get har uppvisat lovande resultat när ben från moderna får och getter har undersökts. Syftet med denna kandidatuppsats är att utvärdera dessa metoder genom att tillämpa dem på ett arkeologiskt material från kv. Apoteket 4-5 i Visby.Resultatet från analysen visar att Zeder och Pilaars metod för underkäkar och underkäkständer är otillförlitlig på grund av förekomst av slitage, fragmentering och svaga kriterier. Resultatet från Zeder och Laphams metod för postkraniala benslag visar en mer blandad tillförlitlighet om man ser till de jämförelser som har gjorts mot en studie av förhistoriskt DNA som genomfördes på Högskolan på Gotland under 2011 på material från kv. Apoteket 4-5. En mer omfattande studie vilket inkluderar en arkeogenetisk undersökning är planerad i framtiden. Resultatet från studierna ska användas för att utveckla metoderna och på så sätt öka metodernas tillförlitlighet.I undersökningen som ligger till grund för denna kandidatuppsats har 5,3 kg benmaterial från kv. Apoteket 4-5 identifierats och analyserats osteologiskt. Resultatet användes för att återskapa användningen av får och getter och på så sätt erhålla information om slaktteknik, djurhållning och djurens hälsa i ett stadskvarter i Visby under sen vikingatid och tidig medeltid.
Lani, Sébastien. "Etude de procédés d’encapsulation sur tranche sous vide ou quasi hermétique pour les microsystèmes (opto)électromécaniques". Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112335.
Texto completoWafer-level packaging is a more and more adopted way for the conditioning of Micro (Opto)ElectroMechanival Systems (M(O)EMS) because it is a collective process that allows a drastic reduction of the fabrication cost, the realization of a controlled internal environment (hermetic or vacuum) and a dicing after release of the mechanical microstructures. The goals of this thesis were to investigate the key steps of this packaging technology and toi evaluate/develop suitable characterization methods. An emphasis was put on the stdy on Si and/or glass wafer bonding processes. Two processes have been studied and developed. The first one, gold-silicon wafer bonding, has allowed the fabrication of microcavities under vacuum with a good yield. A new and promising variant of this process, based on the use of Au-Si multilayers, has also been proposed and tested. The second process chosen is adhesive wafer bonding with a polymer film of BCB that allows wafer bonding at lower temperature but with a less good hermeticity. Complementary works on fabrication and filling of through silicon deep vias and on a process allowing the integration of a getter film in vacuum cavities have also been performed. Finally, several full wafer-level packaging processes have been proposed and partially tested
Zhu, Jin. "Diffusion et gettering du chrome dans le silicium dopé au bore". Lyon, INSA, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ISAL0075.
Texto completoPogorelov, A. E. y A. V. Filatov. "Method for Characterization of Nano-Films Mechanical Properties". Thesis, Sumy State University, 2012. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/35177.
Texto completoHartiti, Bouchaib. "Role des recuits transitoires dans la generation des defauts electriquement actifs dans le silicium. Effet getter". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990STR13049.
Texto completoRekow-Fond, Lydie. "La passion des limites : pour une traversée de l'oeuvre de Paul-Armand Gette". Saint-Etienne, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006STET2114.
Texto completoMcFayden, Tyler Christine. "Social and Nonsocial Priming Effects on 12- to 15-Month-Olds’ Preferences for Infant-Directed Speech". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/83536.
Texto completoMaster of Science
In infant research, short duration events are used before the task of interest to orient infants to the screen, increase their attention, and prepare them for the following information to come. These events are called “attention getters” in developmental research, and are used internationally as a way to garner infants’ attention before the main test of interest. Labs use different attention getters based on their prior experience of what works best, and these attention getters vary in content (e.g., social, nonsocial), and format (e.g., audio, visual, audiovisual). The effect of the content of the attention getter on infants’ subsequent performance has never previously been studied, although the content could be acting as a prime for the following task. This study investigated the effect of a social, as opposed to nonsocial, attention getter on infants’ subsequent performance on a speech preference task. Infants (N = 20, 12- to 18-month olds) received both infant-directed speech (IDS; or how caregivers speak to their infants, characterized by shorter sentences, slower rate of speech, and exaggerated vowels) and adult-directed speech (ADS; or how adults speak to other adults, characterized by complex grammar, faster rates of speech, and shorter vowel sounds) which were preceded by either a social (woman saying “Hi Baby” in IDS) or nonsocial (swirling target with chimes) attention getter to investigate their preferences for speech type. It was predicted that infants who received a social prime would demonstrate a stronger preference for IDS over ADS relative to infants who received the nonsocial prime. Results indicated a main effect for speech and overall IDS preference. However, no significant effect of attention getter was detected, and the interaction between speech type and attention getter was not significant. Thus, our predicted results were not supported; the content of the attention getter did not attenuate or augment infants’ speech type preferences. Results are discussed in terms of future directions to better detect social priming in infancy.
AMARRAY, ELHOUSSINE. "Effet getter dans le silicium poly- et bicristallin : interaction de l'or et de l'oxygene avec les impuretes metalliques". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986STR13068.
Texto completoAmarray, Elhoussine. "Effet getter dans le silicium poly et bicristallin interaction de l'or et de l'oxygène avec les impuretés métalliques". Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37595431n.
Texto completoAnhold, Thorsten. "Gettier, korrekte epistemische Funktion und der vernünftige Glaube an die Existenz des christlichen Gottes eine kritische Auseinandersetzung mit Alvin Plantingas Rechtfertigungsbegriff /". [S.l. : s.n.], 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=97195710X.
Texto completoBilgili, Hulusi Birol. "Pressure, Gas Ratio And Operation Voltage Optimization Of A Helium-neon Laser". Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12605917/index.pdf.
Texto completoChurch, Ian M. "Virtue epistemology and the analysis of knowledge". Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/3118.
Texto completoRamlakan, Alastair Justin. "Modelling of fission product release from TRISO fuel during accident conditions : benchmark code comparison / Ramlakan A". Thesis, North-West University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/7299.
Texto completoThesis (M.Sc. Engineering Sciences (Nuclear Engineering))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.
Matthew, Christopher P. "Design studies for stand off bomb detection". Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/3752.
Texto completoTheorell, Hannes. "Bleats from the north : Evaluation of osteological methods with support of archaeogenetics to distinguish between sheep and goats". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för arkeologi och antik historia, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-228178.
Texto completoFöreliggande studie är en utökning av författarens tidigare magisteruppsats (Theorell 2013) och fokuserar på att analysera skenben, överarmsben samt proximal och distal del av strålbenet från fårben från Gotland och getben från Falun. Metoder för benslagen som används i denna studie har samlats och utvärderats av Zeder och Lapham (2010). Efter osteologisk analys har benen genetiskt artidentifierats och resultaten från bägge analyser har jämförts. Sju av tretton kriterier för både får och getter visade 100% korrekt bedömning. Kriterier med bäst resultat fanns på överarmsben och distalt på strålben. Sett till bedömning av komplett benslag skilt mellan får och getter visade att metoderna presterade bäst på getter. Sämst resultat uppvisades på skenbenet. Generellt uppvisade samtliga benslag kriterier som är möjliga att använda för att särskilja mellan får och getter.
Boldrighini, Patrick Mark. "Enhanced adhesives for the encapsulation of flexible organic photovoltaic modules". Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CLF22586/document.
Texto completoIn order to address the issue of lateral water and oxygen permeation through the sides of the encapsulation and into flexible organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices, the water vapor permeation pathways were identified and several adhesive nanocomposites formulated and tested to limit these pathways. To identify the relative importance of the various water vapor permeation pathways present in the encapsulation of flexible OPV devices, a modified version of the optical calcium test was developed. Passive nanoparticles (phyllosilicates) and active nanoparticles (zeolites) were both evaluated dispersed in UV curing acrylate adhesives and acrylic block copolymer pressure sensitive adhesives. The nanocomposites were characterized for their mechanical and optical properties as well as their water vapor permeation and UV photostability. The adhesives were also used to encapsulate OPV devices and tested in accelerated humidity aging
Barker, Samuel Paul. "Kinetically-Controlled Nitridation of Titanium Alloys". Cleveland, Ohio : Case Western Reserve University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1270136080.
Texto completoDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering Title from PDF (viewed on 2010-05-25) Includes abstract Includes bibliographical references and appendices Available online via the OhioLINK ETD Center
Lanier, Sandy. "Mise au point d’un mortier de piégeage à réseau poreux contrôlé". Thesis, Centrale Lille Institut, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020CLIL0027.
Texto completoThis PhD is part of the MACH3project funded by the French Investment Plan (PIA) -2nd phase. It contributes to the management of tritiated radioactive waste produced by the ITER fusion facility. The acceptance of this waste on a storage site requires a low rate of degassing of Tritium (radioactive isotope of H2). This research has developed cement mortars for conditioning tritiated nuclear waste,making it possible to limit the degassing of tritium by irreversible trapping of its gaseous forms. Composite mortars were formulated, based on conventional Portland cement, and integrating a hydrogen getter (Ag2O/MnO2), meeting the safety criteria of a radioactive waste storage facility and complying with the industrial specifications. After three months of maturation, their trapping performance, without preliminary drying, is between 75 and 95% (measured following a gamma irradiation test, generating H2in situ)
Viktor, Eben. "Post-Gettier epistemology : the role of the first-person perspectives". Diss., 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/27593.
Texto completoDissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
Philosophy
unrestricted
Wagner, David Cortese. "Investigating carbon-capturing getter anode design using a fast computational tool". Thesis, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/23678.
Texto completoAnhold, Thorsten [Verfasser]. "Gettier, korrekte epistemische Funktion und der vernünftige Glaube an die Existenz des christlichen Gottes : eine kritische Auseinandersetzung mit Alvin Plantingas Rechtfertigungsbegriff / vorgelegt von Thorsten Anhold". 2004. http://d-nb.info/97195710X/34.
Texto completoRodrigues, Luís Filipe Estevinha Lourenço 1966. "O conhecimento enquanto crença verdadeira garantida". Doctoral thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/3597.
Texto completoO nosso objectivo neste trabalho é propor uma resposta inédita ao Problema de Gettier e, simultaneamente, submeter uma elucidação plausível do fenómeno do conhecimento proposicional. Começamos por inspeccionar e rejeitar, na primeira parte do trabalho, as mais salientes respostas e soluções que foram sendo avançadas na literatura. Depois, na segunda parte, oferecemos uma solução que se inspira numa perspectiva e numa abordagem diferentes das habituais. Concluímos que essa solução é válida porque permite-nos lançar mais luz sobre o referido fenómeno, por um lado, não se comprometendo com a ideia de análise, por outro.
On the one hand, our goal is to submit a new kind of solution to the Gettier Problem; on the other hand, we aim to a plausible clarification of the nature of propositional knowledge. First of all, we reject some well-known answers and solutions which can be found on the literature. Then we submit our own solution, one which is not conventional. We assume, at the end, that this solution enables us to shed some more light over the phenomenon of propositional knowledge and, at the same time, does not force us to accept any sort of analysis.
Degoulange, Julien. "Purification et caractérisations physico-chimiques et électriques de silicium d'origine métallurgique destiné à la conversion photovoltaïque". Phd thesis, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00396396.
Texto completoDessaix, Dominie Sophia. "The Basicness of Knowing, Where Semantics meets Philosophy: The KNOW prime of Natural Semantic Metalanguage and its philosophical implications". Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/107067.
Texto completoCath, Yuri. "A Practical Guide to Intellectualism". Phd thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/151968.
Texto completoBELLI, ELEONORA. "Coupling impedance and single beam collective effects for the future circular collider (lepton option)". Doctoral thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11573/1238107.
Texto completo