Tesis sobre el tema "Gestion des ressources en eau – Environnement"
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Abdoulaye, Moussa Abdoul Wahab. "Le concept de bassin en droit international : des ressources en eau au développement durable". Nice, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NICE0020.
Texto completoBasin, long regarded as a unit of management of water resources, has undergone a profound change with the globalization of international environmental law in the 70s and the advent of the concept of human development in the 90s. From a spatial notion applied to water, it is now an applied concept of sustainable development, including its three pillars: economic, ecological and social. Its dimension as an object of international law continues to expand gradually, incorporating all the natural elements found in a specific area and majority of international watercourses law, international environmental law, ecosystems law, water cycle law and sustainable development law. But basins have also become real spaces of international relations, especially in developing countries, foremost among African states. Originally designed as to permit optimal and non-confrontational water resources use, they are now becoming real regional integration spaces of multidimensional nature, in which cooperation and conciliation of interests occupy a central place in the management and administration of natural resources in concert with stakeholders, prevention of disputes, their settlement, but above all, the implementation of a real sustainable development at the regional level
Garcier, Romain Bravard Jean-Paul. "La pollution industrielle de la Moselle française naissance, développement et gestion d'un problème environnemental, 1850-2000 /". Lyon : Université Lumière Lyon 2, 2005. http://demeter.univ-lyon2.fr:8080/sdx/theses/lyon2/2005/garcier_r.
Texto completoDe, Bonviller Simon. "Empirical essays on water markets". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAB025.
Texto completoWater markets have been suggested by the literature as potential tools to manage water demand in a context of water scarcity. They are meant to improve water use efficiency while offering water users additional risk management strategies and can be used to redirect water towards the environment. While the theoretical literature dedicated to water markets is plethoric, the empirical aspect has long been neglected, often because of the limited number of available case studies and data paucity. This empirical thesis dissertation focuses on one particular case: the Australian water markets, which are among the most advanced water markets in the world. Four general themes are discussed: economic impacts of water markets in Australia (Chapter 1), potential market failures and particularly insider trading (Chapter 2), their functioning in practice (Chapter 3) and considerations related to the adoption of such systems in France (Chapter 4). Without any pretentions to exhaustivity, the objective of this thesis is to improve our knowledge on these potential water management tools
Jalala, Said Mania Jacky. "Characterizing the multi-criteria parameters of integrated water management model in the semi-arid Mediterranean Region application to Gaza Strip as a case study /". Villeneuve d'Ascq : Université des sciences et technologies de Lille, 2007. https://iris.univ-lille1.fr/dspace/handle/1908/586.
Texto completoN° d'ordre (Lille 1) : 3599. Texte en anglais. Résumé en anglais. Curriculum vitae. Titre provenant de la page de titre du document numérisé. Bibliogr. f. 180-193.
Mettoux, Anne-Paule. "Associations et changement social : le cas d'Eau et Rivières de Bretagne, association de défense de l'environnement". Paris 10, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA100084.
Texto completoFor more than a century, the right of association has been legitimated in France. It concerns all sectors of economic and social life. Associations reflect democraty that inspired their creation. During the previous centuries, indeed, the association movement was built at the same time as the settlement of democratic system. Wether idealised or critised, an association leaves no one indifferent. With the advent of consumerism, urbanisation and working time reduction, associations have been blooming in all sectors of activity. As they are sensitive to conjuctural and structural changes, they do contribute to social changes through integration of civil society concerns within their own evolution.
Kharouf-Gaudig, Rana. "Le droit international de l'eau douce au Moyen-Orient entre souveraineté et coopération". Paris 5, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA05D012.
Texto completoAs a vital element in multiple respects, fresh water takes on a major legal dimension when it crosses international borders and links riparian states in situations of interdependency. Due to environmental, climatic, demographic, economic, and political factors, the evolution of such mutual dependency has been especially detrimental in some Middle East basins. Based on an analysis of the international law governing the sharing of international waters, this thesis points out the legal deficiencies that make it difficult to manage the more critical basins, i. E. The Euphrates, Tigris, Jordan, and Nile basins. In this analysis, emphasis is laid on international groundwaters, which are particularly threatened by over-exploitation and pollution. The result of a conventional system governed by customary international law, international agreements on water are characterised by a disputed theoretical foundation, and their application, dominated by the insistence on the notion of sovereignty disregards recent developments in the international law of fresh water resources. In order to be able to respond to the challenge of water shortages in the Middle East, international water law must take all of the latest ecological, economic, and demographic data into account, while getting rid of politically-oriented considerations which turn inter-state negotiations and co-operation into a source of conflict. By dictating limits to state sovereignty over water resources, by strengthening inter-state solidarity, international fresh water law will help to resolve existing conflicts and prevent new ones from arising. Governmental and non-governmental international organisations have an important role to play in this process, the outcome of which must be the elevation of water right to the status of an inalienable human right. Protected by international law and considered as part of the common heritage of mankind, water will encourage states to ! co-operate harmoniously, thus becoming a peace catalyst
Amorsi, Natacha. "La gestion durable de l'eau : l'apport de la Matrice de le Délibération à l'évaluation économique. Etude de cas: la nappe des calcaires de Champigny". Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013VERS044S.
Texto completoThe characterisation of water is strongly related to the functions and services delivered by the water. Nevertheless, a consensual approach relies on the fact that “the water is not a private good as the others”. Therefore the analysis of the natural capital ‘water’ challenges the standard economic approaches. The market mechanisms are not efficient for goods that are non exclusive and non rival. Environmental governance issues are characterised by uncertainty and complexity often embedded in incomplete information. In the context of the sustainable development which supports to reconcile the economic, social and environmental dimensions, one major challenge is the public participation in the water policy. Non expert knowledge should enhance scientific knowledge for two main reasons: in order to complete the information as well as to raise the social acceptability of water management measures. Our research explored how deliberative approach organised with virtual tools support the economic evaluation for water sustainable management. We showed multi-criteria analysis is complementary to cost benefit and cost effective analysis, highlighting their capacities to mobilise and structure different kind of knowledge. The first version of the Deliberation Matrix has been developed for our case study: Champigny aquifer. The concept is embedded in a multi-criteria and multi-actors analysis structured with governance issues and potential futures of the aquifer. The transposition of the concept to the deliberation tool Champigny DST answers some of the Science Society Interface challenges
Loulidi, Souad. "Les barrages et l'environnement au Maroc : aspects juridiques". Paris 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA020130.
Texto completoDams in Morocco are a privileged means for water management. They are also an instrument of development securing several benefits through the domestication and the management of a valuable resource. However, their impact on the environment cannot be neglected. Despite a recent preoccupation, its importance is nevertheless a major one because it conditions the accomplishment of the objectives and even the benefit of these works. In which judicial and institutional frames has the building of dams been undertaken? What are the judicial aspects and their repercussions on the environment, and what could be the role of the law in preventing this impact and controlling a posteriori the damages they cause? These are the questions to which the present study intends to provide an answer. The first part analyses the normative plurality, which characterises water law and retraces its evolution, which has been preliminary to the building of dams (chapter1). It also presents the role of the competent administrations in matters of construction and their action in the exploitation of these works (chapter 2). The second part examines the repercussions of dams on the environment and their judicial consideration. It highlights, on the one hand, the disturbances, which these works might cause in the sites to which they are attached (chapter 1). On the other hand, it describes the gaps in the Moroccan environmental law as far as prevention and reparation are concerned, indicating the perspectives for the expansion of this law (chapter 2)
Bonis, Anne. "L'implantation des installations énergétiques à l'épreuve du droit : l'exemple des énergies marines renouvelables en mer". Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013VERS003S.
Texto completoThe first renewable marine energy projects were first presented during the so called Eole program in 1996, and then during a call for bids on offshore wind-power in 2004. Despite these initiatives and a second call for bids in 2011, only a few prototypes are being tested at the beginning of 2013. This study aims to determine if the French legislation is adapted to this emerging new activity of renewable marine energy installation implementation. The results of three-year research show that several advances have contributed to defining a legal framework favorable to the implementation of renewable marine energy production installation; yet, their legal regime has not been finalized. Nevertheless, a comparison with maritime and coastal legislations reveals solutions are worth considering and possible. As a result, an intervention from legislative or parliamentary authorities seems necessary to simplify the implementation of projects and to limit the risks of legal disputes
Dan-Dah, Mahaman Laouali. "La gestion décentralisée des ressources naturelles au Niger : un concept juridique en question ?" Pau, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PAUU2010.
Texto completoThis thesis specifies the form and the legal contents of the local management of natural resources in Niger through: At first, the analysis of the different forms of users organisations. It figure out that these organisation are different of the traditional modes of access to natural resources in which case, the different activities of natural resources management are complementary. In the same space many prerogatives cohabit and force the different groups of natural resources users to hear each other for a durable exploitation. Now, mostly of users organisations are specialised, each organisation is in charge of the management of one natural resource. Some of these organisations who are not specialised don’t have legal reference, so they are not durable. The influence of land tenure issues, the concurrence of traditional authorities and the high dependence towards development project restrict the competence and the autonomy of user’s organisations. The movement in favour of local management of natural resources is ambiguous. The local administrations have some competencies in natural resources management, but the state is the owner of all these resources. Besides, their competencies are either vindicates by traditional authorities, or uncertainty because of the disparity of the legal and institutional frame. The rule uncertainty promotes the state’s intervention. It is also promoted by many co-ordination institutions and regional conventions which gave to the state many opportunities of going round the local administrations competencies. At last, the privatisation of water and wild fauna sets up a system of exclusive rights which is incompatible with a local management
Duchesne, Jean-Louis. "Vers une gestion intégrée des eaux de l'Amour : Le cas de la rivière Songhua, en Chine". Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24885/24885.pdf.
Texto completoChina’s spectacular economic growth of China is changing the face of the world. However, if the phenomenon itself was studied from every angle, one only now begins to understand the real scope of its environmental and geopolitical consequences. Examplifying that phenomenon is the extremely polluted Songhua river, a major tributary of the Amur river, in North-East Asia. In the past decade or so, the concept of integrated river basin management has gained ground on the localised and more technical approach which prevailed before. China itself set it up as a fundamental theory in its Water Law of 2002. The integrated management of the Songhua river basin and, by extension, that of the Amur river, is a multi-faceted problem for the Chinese government. The reform of institutions, economic development, social stability and transborder issues are the main stakes.
Meca, Ingrid. "Le régime financier de l'eau en France : du droit de l'environnement au droit du développement durable". Montpellier 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON10030.
Texto completoIanni, Elisabeth. "L'adaptation du droit de l'eau des états de la Méditerranée occidentale au concept de développement durable". Nice, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NICE0052.
Texto completoFreshwater has very specific features (non substitutable, exhaustible, continuously moving) which in turn lead to sharp management difficulties both quantitative and qualitative. These are especially sensitive in the Mediterranean area where hydraulic stocks are threatened by random climatic events, poverty, increasing urbanisation and high densities. Because of these elements, there is a growing need to establish a legal position for water in a sustainable development perspective. In this framework, this study raises first some of the legal lacks by evaluating the relevance of the existing legal implements available for both the owners and the managers of the resource. Second, this work proposes new implements adapted to the characteristics of this resource. Such implements imply several actions on the organisation of public water management at the level of internal, European, international laws. These measures impacts also on public/private relationships which partnerships may play a key role on a sustainable regulation of the water resource
Calvo-Mendieta, Iratxe. "L'économie des ressources en eau : de l'internalisation des externalités à la gestion intégrée : l'exemple du bassin versant de l'Audomarois". Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011495.
Texto completoCe constat constitue le point de départ de ce travail de thèse, dont l'objectif est de mener une réflexion approfondie sur la gestion des ressources en eau dans une double perspective, analytique et normative. Tout d'abord, la visée analytique de cette recherche a trait aux conflits d'usage dans le domaine de l'eau. Face aux limites des approches théoriques standard pour l'appréhension des spécificités de l'eau et de l'ensemble des dimensions liées aux conflits dans ce domaine (dynamiques collectives, représentations sociales des usages, dimension territoriale...) il s'agit de mettre en évidence une grille théorique permettant d'étudier ces relations conflictuelles dans toutes leurs dimensions – et en premier lieu leurs facteurs déterminants. Par ailleurs, il convient de s'interroger, selon une perspective davantage normative, sur le contenu de la notion de gestion intégrée des ressources en eau.
Ainsi, nous défendons la thèse que la définition d'une gestion intégrée des ressources en eau implique : un régime institutionnel de ressources en eau intégré (forte cohérence entre politiques publiques et droits de propriété/usage et forte étendue), la reconnaissance et compréhension des conflits d'usage et de leur dépassement et la transversalité des politiques publiques ayant une influence sur l'eau, notamment les politiques de gestion de l'espace.
Nous faisons appel à quatre outils théoriques complémentaires : le modèle des « cités » de Boltanski et Thévenot (1991), l'approche patrimoniale, l'économie de la proximité et le régime institutionnel de ressources. La combinaison de ces constructions théoriques nous conduit à une grille analytique pertinente pour rendre compte de l'émergence, du déroulement et de la gestion des conflits d'usage autour des ressources en eau et aider à la définition normative d'une gestion intégrée. Afin de tester empiriquement cette grille analytique, nous étudions le bassin versant de l'Audomarois (Nord – Pas-de-Calais). Il s'agit d'étudier la mise en œuvre de la gestion de l'eau à une échelle spatiale locale, le bassin versant étant considéré comme l'unité territoriale pertinente de cette gestion.
Jalala, Said. "Paramètres multi-critères pour un nouveau modèle de gestion intégrée des ressources en eau dans une région méditerranéenne semi-aride : Application à la bande de Gaza". Lille 1, 2005. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2005/50376-2005-Jalala.pdf.
Texto completoBlanchon, David. "Impacts environnementaux et enjeux territoriaux des transferts d'eau inter bassins en Afrique du Sud". Paris 10, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA100134.
Texto completo8 major inter bassin tranfers (IBT) have transformed the Orange River into a "Plumbing system". This thesis shows that theses IBTs have been built mainly for political and geopolitical reasons during the Apartheid era. But there was no general planning and each project was discussed at the highest political level. These IBT have been highly criticised for the damages they cause on the river ecology. But the river was far to be in a pristine state when they were built in the 1970s : significant modifications in the river channel have been taking place at a local level, especially in the irrigated areas of the middle reaches. The central hypothesis of this thesis is that of IBT cannot be properly understood without considering their interaction with the environmental impacts of small weirs, levees and canals. It is also absolutely necessary to understand the regional settings in order to judge the spatial effects of IBTs. With the dismissal of apartheid in 1994, IBTs seem to be doomed. But il could be very difficult for the ANC government to buillt a new Orange river, combining environmental protection and economic development, without framing a inventive mangement strategy for IBTs
Braiki, Houssem. "Construction d’une démarche participative pour améliorer la gestion de l’eau et du sol. Une application aux politiques des aménagements de conservation des eaux et des sols en Tunisie Centrale". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, AgroParisTech, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AGPT0003.
Texto completoIIn central Tunisia, the agricultural intensification of irrigated agriculture generates local and regional environmental impacts, linked to an increased consumption of inputs and resources, including water and soil. In favor of a more sustainable agriculture and in order to inform public policies of agricultural development, it is necessary to assess the impacts of agricultural practices and water and soil conservation planning (WSCP), and this at the territory scale. The question is how to implement an environmental assessment approach in a context of 1) scarcity of reliable data including statistics, and complexity of farming practices, 2) prominence of socio-economic issues over environmental concerns 3) lack of knowledge of the perception of local actors on these issues and therefore of difficulty in identifying relevant indicators (scientific and of the stakeholders) and mobilizable. We propose an innovative approach to design and implement a participative approach involving different types of actors, to enable them to get more insights into each other's logic and perceptions of the impacts of agricultural practices and WSCP. This approach is designed to produce quality information by valuing local knowledge, share and take into account the perceptions of different stakeholders, and finally, build a consensus to contribute to the development of more effective WSCP policies. This approach has been structured in two main stages: the design of a community of practices articulated to a participatory systemic rapid diagnosis and the implementation of participatory workshops. The evaluation mobilized a dual mechanism including external observers and a satisfaction survey among participants. The survey is based on an evaluation grid of this approach, its outcomes and its short term induced effect. Sharing and taking into account the information and data collected, as well as the expertise and perceptions of the various stakeholders, has made possible to produce information deemed satisfactory or very satisfactory by all the participants. This nourished the knowledge of almost all the stakeholders and contributed to a constructive dynamic of collective learning. Our approach has contributed significantly to the evolution of perceptions and to a stronger mutual understanding between government officials and farmers. A dashboard grouping the indicators mobilized by each stakeholder was discussed and allowed to highlight convergences and differences in their analysis grids. The gradual and adaptive structuring of the approach, the choices of the stakeholders, the venues for the workshops and the use of a neutral facilitator were very important factors for the commitment and the mobilization of the stakeholders, in particular at the central scale, in this operational space for consultation on territorial issues, agricultural practices and WSCP. This work demonstrates the interest of integrating the engineering of consultation and environmental assessment within one approach and its feasibility in a difficult context for the ACES policies implementation
Roussary, Aurélie. "Vers une recomposition de la gouvernance de la qualité de l'eau potable en France : de la conformité sanitaire à l'exigence de qualité environnementale". Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00494624.
Texto completoAmamba, Itoumba Frédéric Elie. "Modélisation d’un réseau de réservoirs en vue d’optimiser la gestion des eaux pluviales". Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10180/document.
Texto completoIn urban environments, or in the areas where the stormy showers are frequent and violent, it is advisable to temporarily store volumes of precipitations in retaining tanks before slackening them with flow controlled in the sewage networks or the natural environment, which limits the risks of flood and the environmental impacts. The dimension of these basins can quickly be important and their establishment on an encumbered site to become complicated and expensive. The solution suggested in this study is to distribute the retention on several basins connected to each other by pipes and controlled by nozzles, and to exploit their respective capacity and the conditions of transfer to optimize the rejection in the network or the natural environment. A numerical model named tank type was developed, which represents with a good level of precision the heights in the basins and the flows transferred according to time as well as intensity and the duration of the rain. This simplified model incremented according to a step of coherent time with the intensity of the rain works in volumes and flow without being delayed on the hydraulic conditions of flow. It was validated by several studies of sensitivity on meshes of 2 or 3 tanks and opens up the way for a tool for pre simple and reliable dimensioning
Lewis, Nathalie. "La gestion intégrée de l'eau en France : critique sociologique à partir d'une étude de terrain, bassin Loire-Bretagne". Orléans, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ORLE1039.
Texto completoBoutry, Ornella. "Agriculture et Environnement : une analyse néo-institutionnelle de l'évolution des pratiques agricoles. Le cas de la gestion quantitative de la ressource en eau en Charente-Maritime". Phd thesis, Université de Poitiers, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00655767.
Texto completoRherrousse, Fouzi. "Le droit des eaux au Maroc". Paris 13, 2011. http://scbd-sto.univ-paris13.fr/secure/ederasme_th_2011_rherrousse.pdf.
Texto completoThe regulation of water policy choices related to the ownership of waters of legal policy to follow regarding the sources of traditional rights. Morocco has chosen the state-owned water. He expressed his commitment to the protection of the resources and to French law. Indeed, the vision of the Empire hydraulic Sherifian does not differ from that preached the Kingdom of Morocco. The French law remains a source of inspiration for the Moroccan legislature. Traditional sources of law that is Islamic law and customary law resists including through their roots in society in general and in particular peasant society and offers an alternative to positive law
Olivry, Didier. "Participation des communautés locales et groupes d'intérêts à la planification et la gestion des projets hydrauliques". Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1985. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00569479.
Texto completoCompaore, Jérôme. "La maîtrise et la gestion de l'eau dans un contexte de décentralisation au Burkina Faso depuis 2006 : état des lieux et perspectives dans une dynamique de développement et de communication". Thesis, Paris 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA020083/document.
Texto completoWater is source of life. Longtime ago, water has always been a central and constant concern for people. The issue of water is among the top world hot topics today, following the evidence that the world is experiencing climate change…In Burkina Faso, similarly to Mali and Niger, the constitutions stipulate, "wealth and natural resources belong to people, for their livelihood improvement”. In these countries, the historical context of the Nation-state’s creation was strongly marked by volunteered public actions, under the leadership of the States, strengthened by technical and financial supports from partners to ensure the efficient uses of water resources….The key element of the decentralization is the transfer of powers to local authorities. In all three countries we visited, the principle of progress-based subsidiarity is prevailing. In Burkina Faso, according to the mayor of Gaoua "the transfer should not be done just for fun. The current impression is the denial to transfer everything but I see this as a cautious attitude of the central government. The caution as observed is a good thing, but not a sufficient reason for not transferring all the powers to local authorities"…
Blot, Frédérique. "Discours et pratiques autour du "développement durable" et des "ressources en eau" : une "approche relationnelle" appliquée aux bassins d'Adour-Garonne et du Segura". Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00175943.
Texto completoCanessa, Emeline. "Lorsque l'eau révèle la ville : cas du Bas Sahara algérien". Aix-Marseille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX10053.
Texto completoLapègue, Jean. "Aspects quantitatifs et qualitatifs de la pluviométrie dans deux enjeux majeurs de la problématique de l'eau à Mayotte : la ressource hydrique, l'assainissemnt pluvial et l'érosion". La Réunion, 1999. http://elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/login?url=http://thesesenligne.univ.run/99_23_Lapegue.pdf.
Texto completoDuvail, Stéphanie. "Scénarios hydrologiques et modèles de développement en aval d'un grand barrage : Les usages de l'eau et le partage des ressources dans le delta mauritanien du fleuve Sénégal". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001STR1GEO6.
Texto completoVenot, Jean-Philippe. "Entre immobilisme et adaptabilité : trajectoire d'évolution du bassin versant de la Krishna, Inde du Sud". Paris 10, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA100127.
Texto completoAgricultural and water development in the Krishna basin, South India, has led to a progressive over commitment of water resources. Signs of `basin closure' (zero or minimal flow to the ocean) are apparent during dry periods. In 1990-2000, total committed volumes accounted for 90% of the renewable bine water of the basin (and up to 98% if the water needs of the environment are accounted for): there is only little scope for further water resources development and basin-avide water savings. The thesis unpacks the multi-level forces that drove the overbuilding and closure of the Krishna basin and highlights that over-exploitation cornes along changing patterns of access to water. When river basins close, water users are increasingly interconnected and any interventions (supply augmentation, demand management, allocation policies) result in a regional or sectoral redistribution of water, along existing economic, political, and social forces. The trajectory of the Krishna basin is one of progressive alteration of the river regime, downstream environmental degradation, declining security of supply to all existing users, and thus increasingly likely conflicts. The new Krishna Water Disputes Tribunal is an opportunity for effective and adaptive allocation mechanisms but it needs to be made more responsive to the demands of local communities and to internalize local practices for both social and environmentai benefits. The drivers of river basin closure are manifold and unfold at many nested levels: allocating basin water is not enough and interventions must go beyond water and beyond the basin. This requires a shift in the governance structure of natural resources
Bodart, Adrien. "La protection intégrée des eaux souterraines en droit de l'Union Européenne". Thesis, Rennes 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN1G026/document.
Texto completoBecause groundwater, which represents 98% of the liquid freshwater on Earth, is vital, of particular benefit due to its special properties, but, often, especially vulnerable, in the long term, to the unceasing degra-dation caused by the anthropogenic era, it should be the subject of a regulation that would express the whole meaning of the “high level of protection of the environment” required in the European Union primary law. The integrated management of water resources management (IWRM) implemented by the EU should therefore, for this water, strive for a higher stage of preservation of a singularly fragile underground environment, through a sharper distinction between the concepts of integrated “management” and “protection”, according to the intensity of preservation they would respectively imply. Via such an evolution from integrated management to protection, the latter becoming an autonomous framework of action, the EU law would adopt a different position on the balance between economic interests and ecological necessities. This strengthening of the relevant secondary law must rest on, first and foremost, a new apprehension of groundwater, in the water framework directive and the directive 2006/118/EC, beyond a conception too perfunctory to comprehend the richness of it, otherwise it won’t be fully protected. So, without prejudice to the unity of water law, specific adjustments should be provided for, concerning ground waters, insofar as their dynamics may significantly differ, in time and space, from those of surface water. Since ground waters can’t be separated from its receptacle (soil and subsoil), its integrated protection would demand in addition to transcend the borders of the sectoral water policy and to go beyond the integration as we know it in the current IWRM, which doesn’t erase contradictions between sectoral policies. Thus has to be carried on the improvement of the coherence between relevant politics (environment, agriculture, industry, energy…), in order to build a complete protection of the underground environment. A new framework where would be mobilized all involved actors, converging towards this purpose thanks to more appropriate mechanisms
Garcier, Romain. "La pollution industrielle de la Moselle française : naissance, développement et gestion d'un problème environnemental, 1850-2000". Phd thesis, Université Lumière - Lyon II, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00119367.
Texto completoRoufai, Mohamed Chakirou. "Environnement, santé publique et risques sanitaires liés à l’eau à Cotonou au Bénin : approches par modélisation et analyse spatiales". Thesis, Paris 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA040095.
Texto completoOur Ph.D. dissertation contributes to the analysis of the management of health risks associated with water in Cotonou, Benin through the implementation of a Geographic Information System (GIS). Pertaining to both physical and human geography, the topic of this dissertation is an integrated approach of nature and society interfaces. Going beyond the differences and dualistic approaches this dissertation has highlighted the interdependence between lifestyle and health. To achieve that objective, we put in context the dynamics of the changes in the biophysical environment of our study area (the city of Cotonou), we study its progression and regression over time, and assess the phenomena through several spatial and temporal perspectives.On the methodological level, Data Model based on the theories of the hypergraphs (Hypergraph Based Data Structure) and the sets methods are the most efficient ones for assessing spatial phenomena. GIS are compatible with that approach as they make it possible to map geographically data of different types and sources. Our contribution consists of two complementary research axes that are modeling and spatial analyses.The spatial modelling materializes in through of a conceptual model of the hypergraphs and the sets data adapted to the problem. The inclusion of spatial analysis in health studies is an emerging approach that allows for a comprehensive monitoring of the environment in order to fight against diseases. It also makes it possible to provide corrective changes related to epidemiological cycles. The distribution of diseases and health outcomes obtained through this exercise is greatly affected by where people live.We use space remote sensing to achieve our objectives. The data obtained from GIS brought new and interesting insights. Remote sensing has delineated the areas relevant to our research, to identify habitats for the development of parasites, and their development environments, infrastructure, etc.GIS has also made it possible to use data from observation tools to analyze the space changes taking place in the coastal town of Cotonou, to reflect the operation of systems using the space by the city dwellers. The facts and health risk areas were located and their spatial organization, detected through GIS technologies. The search for health-risk areas was conducted at multiple scales and the accuracy of the results depends strongly on the quality of data used
François, Baptiste. "Gestion optimale d'un réservoir hydraulique multiusages et changement climatique. Modèles, projections et incertitudes : Application à la réserve de Serre-Ponçon". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00997012.
Texto completoSalerno, Caldera Claudia. "Le régime juridique du bassin de l'Orénoque dans le cadre du droit international de l'environnement". Paris 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA020031.
Texto completoTran, Hai Nam. "Contribution à la valorisation de l’eau dans les espaces urbains durables : l’exemple de Hà Nội (Việt Nam)". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10211.
Texto completoWater is the source of life and all the great civilizations were built around rivers. Water not only appears in all activities of human life, but also plays an important role in planning and sustainable development of the city. Hanoi is the capital of Viet Nam that was born from water. With over one thousand years of history, water spaces have been existed in the city with rivers that created the main system and the organic development of the city. Nowadays, rapid urbanization and poor management of the city has threaten all water surfaces in environmental aspects : embankments, flood, open sewers, abandoned wasteland areas. The aim of the research includes two aspects : identifying problems and the roles of residents who control the water surfaces to find out solutions to restore and to improve the value of water surfaces in Hanoi. This thesis also clarifies the role and enhances the value of water in the setting and development of Hanoi capital city, to prove the importance of water in the management and urban planning of Vietnam in general and in Hanoi in particular. In addition, this thesis proposes urban scenarios that can better integrate water surfaces in the sustainable urbanization. Finally, the research also confirmed the hypothesis that the water is able to participate in the establishment and strengthening of specific urban identity
Marmorat, Marion. "Controverse socio-technique autour des barrages danubiens Gabčikovo-Nagymaros, 1977-2004 (Hongrie/Slovaquie) : étude microsociologique des relations internationales". Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2006. https://spire.sciencespo.fr/notice/2441/53r60a8s3kup1vc9kd4chgdj7.
Texto completoThis controversy about the hydropower dam project located on the Danube river basin between Slovakia and Hungary is taken up in three different ways. It first stands as an example of global issues such as transnationalism, social contention, globalization and environmental global issues. It then allows for an inquiry of the recomposition of the international order. It finally offers a field of discovery and implementation of various conceptual tools borrowed from different disciplines : international relations, public policy, political sociology et geography. We focus our attention mainly on actors and their interactions guided by a train of thought which combines theoretical, methodological perspectives and empirical research. Our goal is to reconcile micro and microsociological approaches. Expertise, activism, scientific and environmental dimensions are looked upon with more care through the studies of practices, discourses et personal careers of the main actors of the dispute, drawing inspiration from the sociology of science and the socio-technical controversies approach
Boyer, Anne-Lise. "De la ville-oasis à la ville désert. L'adaptation urbaine à la rareté de l'eau à Phoenix et à Tucson (Arizona)". Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEN069.
Texto completoIn the context of climate change, as droughts intensify and as more areas are subject to high water stress, this dissertation focuses on how to manage the imbalance between water resource availability and growing demand in two metropolises of the arid West of the United States. Located in the Sonoran Desert and built on the model of the oasis city, Phoenix and Tucson take the socio-ecological stakes of water scarcity to the extreme. This study proposes to consider these two cities as laboratories for urban adaptation to climate change to explore competing modalities of adaptation to water scarcity. Using an urban political ecology framework, the goal is to observe and analyze the power struggles between stakeholders involved in water resource management in a context where the system of large hydraulic infrastructures underpinning urban growth is increasingly called into question. This mixed-methods survey brings together critical discourse analysis to deconstruct the dominant arguments and position-takings on water conservation, semi-structured interviews with water sector actors (institutions and environmental activists) and participant observation to question the tensions between discourses and changes in urban practices at the local level for adapting the urban metabolism to a world of less water. This thesis shows, on the one hand, that adaptation strategies are implemented by dominant actors within the framework of socio-ecological fixes in order to maintain the growth trajectory of particularly attractive cities. On the other hand, it highlights the role that citizen empowerment plays in the emergence of alternatives and shows that environmental alternatives play an important role in regulating resource control strategies and overcoming traditional resource-based management paradigms
Braiki, Houssem. "Construction d’une démarche participative pour améliorer la gestion de l’eau et du sol. Une application aux politiques des aménagements de conservation des eaux et des sols en Tunisie Centrale". Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AGPT0003/document.
Texto completoIIn central Tunisia, the agricultural intensification of irrigated agriculture generates local and regional environmental impacts, linked to an increased consumption of inputs and resources, including water and soil. In favor of a more sustainable agriculture and in order to inform public policies of agricultural development, it is necessary to assess the impacts of agricultural practices and water and soil conservation planning (WSCP), and this at the territory scale. The question is how to implement an environmental assessment approach in a context of 1) scarcity of reliable data including statistics, and complexity of farming practices, 2) prominence of socio-economic issues over environmental concerns 3) lack of knowledge of the perception of local actors on these issues and therefore of difficulty in identifying relevant indicators (scientific and of the stakeholders) and mobilizable. We propose an innovative approach to design and implement a participative approach involving different types of actors, to enable them to get more insights into each other's logic and perceptions of the impacts of agricultural practices and WSCP. This approach is designed to produce quality information by valuing local knowledge, share and take into account the perceptions of different stakeholders, and finally, build a consensus to contribute to the development of more effective WSCP policies. This approach has been structured in two main stages: the design of a community of practices articulated to a participatory systemic rapid diagnosis and the implementation of participatory workshops. The evaluation mobilized a dual mechanism including external observers and a satisfaction survey among participants. The survey is based on an evaluation grid of this approach, its outcomes and its short term induced effect. Sharing and taking into account the information and data collected, as well as the expertise and perceptions of the various stakeholders, has made possible to produce information deemed satisfactory or very satisfactory by all the participants. This nourished the knowledge of almost all the stakeholders and contributed to a constructive dynamic of collective learning. Our approach has contributed significantly to the evolution of perceptions and to a stronger mutual understanding between government officials and farmers. A dashboard grouping the indicators mobilized by each stakeholder was discussed and allowed to highlight convergences and differences in their analysis grids. The gradual and adaptive structuring of the approach, the choices of the stakeholders, the venues for the workshops and the use of a neutral facilitator were very important factors for the commitment and the mobilization of the stakeholders, in particular at the central scale, in this operational space for consultation on territorial issues, agricultural practices and WSCP. This work demonstrates the interest of integrating the engineering of consultation and environmental assessment within one approach and its feasibility in a difficult context for the ACES policies implementation
Gouin-Lapouge, Nathalie. "Mise en place, sur un démonstrateur LMDS, d'applications de télé-enseignement destinées au secteur de l'eau et de l'environnement et étude du retour d'expérience sur une population cible". Limoges, 2005. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/9f9d3714-7cbe-4694-abf4-927f5efc6aff/blobholder:0/2005LIMO0051.pdf.
Texto completoThe objective of this work was to carry out an experimentation, at university level, of the use of e-learning services dedicated to students in engineering at ENSIL, specialised in Water and Environment. This experimentation was established on a platform LMDS providing the experience feedback of such use on the technical and teaching levels. Given the fact that the large emergence of Information and Communication Technologies, which fields (mainly audio-visual, computing and telecommunications) requires always increasing flows, it was shown, in the first part of this study that LMDS presents some advantages towards the other existing systems of telecommunication. Secondly, objectives and the installation of videoconference services were exposed. An experience feedback on students and teachers was carried out thanks to a method of analysis : the reflexive analysis. Thirdly, a documentation database, was created. A statistical tool allowing to study and analyze the behaviors was chosen for the experience feedback. This tool was seconded by a survey allowing to better determine their knowledge in computing and multimedia and to check their level of equipment
Viavattene, Christophe. "Exploitation socio-économique de la modélisation souterraine du transfert des nitrates à l'échelle du bassin de la Seine". Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2006. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001750.
Texto completoTerrier, Morgane. "Naturalisation des débits". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, AgroParisTech, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020AGPT0006.
Texto completoThe observed flow series include natural climatic variations and hydrological alterations due to human activities. Access to natural flows is necessary to optimise water resource management or for the regulatory control of uses. Naturalization methods enable to reconstitute "natural" flows from influenced measurements. In the studies, generally only a single naturalization method is applied, without justification of its choice, and that the naturalized flows are considered as an exact estimate of natural flow.The main objective of this thesis was to develop a method to assess the reliability of naturalization methods. The main difficulty is that, over the influenced period, it is not possible to directly compare the naturalized flows with the natural flow which cannot be observed. The approach adopted is based on a database of approximately 130 catchments in Australia, the United States and France. These catchments are mainly influenced by large dams. The size and diversity of the database in terms of climatic conditions and level of influence allowed us to obtain quite general results according to the characteristics of the basins.Results show that there are significant disparities in the flows obtained with the different naturalization methods. These differences can be explained by the fact that the naturalization methods are based on different assumptions and input data. The methodology proposed to assess the reliability of the methods in divided in two parts. The first part consists in assessing the assumptions of each of the naturalization methods and discarding those methods that do not validate the assumptions. The second part consists in evaluating the naturalization methods against a similar benchmark and assigning a confidence level to each of the methods. A combinatorial approach is then applied to produce naturalized flows
Erismann, Julie. "Développement hydro-agricole au sud-est du lac Alaotra (Madagascar). Histoire, limites et pespectives de la maîtrise de l'eau". Thesis, Lyon 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO30014/document.
Texto completoAlaotra lake is the biggest body of fresh water in Madagascar and the vast plains surrounding it, have naturally become highly coveted by the various authorities over the course of it’s history and its colonization. Primarily based on rice cultivation, this region has benefited from numerous rural planning projects. As a result, the landscape as well as the relationship between the people and their land has been transformed. Over time, the combination of knowledges and know-how farmers, technicians and the research interest in this area, have made it Madagascar’s most significant rice granary. This geography thesis is structured around water management, an essential resource in a country based on rural economies. Through the study of the southeastern valleys, we will focus on showing the extent to which the hydro-agricultural planning allows us to consider better agricultural and territorial development and how, in a context of decentralization, the control and the appropriation of natural resources by local actors can lead to renewed management dynamics and procedures in their environment
Ny farihy Alaotra no fihebanandranomandry lehibe indrindra ao Madagasikara , ary ny tany lemaka midadasika manodidina azy no nanitona ny fitsiriritan’ireo manampahefana nifandimby tao amin’ny tantaran’ny fiorenamponenana.Ny fambolem-bary no votoatim-piainana ao amin’io faritany io , ary fanajariana marobe no efa nanova tanteraka ny endrikin’ny tany sy ny fonenana eo . Ny fandrindrana ny fahalalàna sy fahaiza-miasan’ny tantsaha, ny mahay taozavatra , sy ny finiavan’ny mpikarodalana no nahatonga azy ho « lavabarin’i Madagasikara ». Manodidina ny fanafolahana ny rano , andry ijoroan’ny toekarenan’ny antsaha , no namolavolàna ity tandro-kevitra fandinihantany ity. Avy eo amin’ny fikatsahana natao tao amin’ireo lohasaha ao Atsimo-atsinanan’Alaotra no niaingan’ny sainay hampiseho fa ny fanajariana ny rano sy asatany no hahafahana mihevitra ny fivoaram-bokatra amin’ny voly sy ny faritany ; ary koa ao anatin’ny fitsinjarampitondrana , dia hahitàna fa ny fandinihana sy ny fandraisana an-tanana ireo loharanon-karena velona ataon’ny mpiasa eo antoerana no mety hiteraka fampandrosoana sy fivaozan’ny fitantanana ny toe-ponenana manotolo
Pancher, Antoine. "Construction de la sensibilité socio-spatiale : l'exemple de la vallée de la Sarthe". Thesis, Le Mans, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LEMA3010/document.
Texto completoEnvironmental issues and their managements set off a range of social facts questioning societies/environment relations. Flooding risks, and more generally, water management are relevant examples in order to analyse this phenomenon. Some areas are categorised as sensitive and so because of tensions resulting from socio-natural events which are defined by this risk. Where does this sensibility come from? How can it be identified and how is it expressed? This thesis questions this notion of sensibility from a sociological point of view to eventually take on a socio-spatial definition. This approach required the resort of geography, for a better consideration of the environmental dimension considering the object under study. Through the analysis of situations generated by flooding risk and its management in the Sarthe Bassin is tested the proposal relevance. Main focus will be on the reactions arousing from the development projects of two dry flood barriers- keeping a dynamic control of spates. Considering the analytical frame of the commitment policies (Thévenot, 2006), and more precisely the policy of justification, we point out the way riverside locals' reactions focus on varying claims, according to the different valley areas: request for protection to face flooding risks in vulnerable sectors, protection of the landscapes and finally, that local dynamics are maintained in upstream sectors. The analysis of interviews highlights a different hierarchy among the issues at stakes and so according to the sectors in question. Local actors' antagonistic claims trigger new issues and sometimes conflicts that are not always resolved over time. It leads to an inter-relationship between the spatial and temporal dimensions that enables to identify some trajectories of the socio-spatial sensibility. To conclude, this work illustrates the difficulties concerning the sharing of water territories when the flooding risk management is at stake
François, Marie. "EAU ET DÉVELOPPEMENT EN ESPAGNE POLITIQUES ET DISCOURS Les exemples de l'Aragon et de la Région de Murcie". Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00459592.
Texto completoAlachi, Ezei Kali. "La gestion durable des ressources en eau au Niger". Limoges, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIMO1004.
Texto completoThe Analysis of the sustainable management of water resources in Niger area reveals that the development of its contemporary water law and strategies are influenced by western legal models and water policies. Before the domination of occidental models, customary mechanisms and traditional techniques belonging to water resources management allowed sustainable use of these last ones. They still enjoy the social legitimacy and are widely applied in rural areas through all Africa. This situation involves the phenomenon of legal pluralism, because the African States, in particular French-speaking, immortalized the western legal models, instead of conceiving strategies adapted to local realities. This paradoxical situation puts not only difficulties of management for national waters and shared basins in particular Niger River and Chad Lake, but also the challenge of the effectiveness of human right for the drinking water. Indeed, national and regional water laws, basin commissions set up after African independence do not answer the requirements of sustainable, integrated water resource management for the benefit of present and future generations. Answering these incapacities and constraints implies that cultural dimensions, local knowledge in water or environment sector have to be recognized and valued by international, regional and national actions. This perspective will facilitate the elaboration of regulations adapted to local preoccupations, the consolidation of shared water committees, and the implementation of participative strategies and contribute for the durability of actions for management of water resource in Niger area
Ould, Ahmed Mahmoud Ould Ragel Ahmed. "Problèmes de gestion de l'eau en Mauritanie". Nice, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NICE5447.
Texto completoFournier, Patrick. "Eaux claires, eaux troubles dans le Comtat venaissin : XVIIe-XVIIIe siècles : imaginaire, technique et politique dans un État de l'Europe méridionale /". Perpignan : Presses universitaires de Perpignan, 1999. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37080132w.
Texto completoLeroy, Maya. "Gestion stratégique des écosystèmes du fleuve Sénégal : actions et inactions publiques internationales /". [Paris] : l'Harmattan, 2006. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40957747b.
Texto completoAbdalla, Iskandar Boctor Christine. "Le développement durable et le droit de l'environnement : La sécurité nationale hydraulique au Moyen-Orient". Thesis, Artois, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ARTO0301/document.
Texto completoThe concept of National Hydraulic Security (NHS) is the result of changing the concept ofsecurity from military security to multi-faceted security. The traditional method of managing thisnational hydraulic security is a way hydraulic unsustainable. The National Hydraulic Securityneeds to know a new hydraulic evolution that takes into account not only the qualitatif andquantitatif challenges but also the environmental challenges. A version of this sustainablenational hydraulic security interest to the hydraulic common interests of all riparian countries ofthe three rivers: Nile, Jordan, Tigris and Euphrates. In addition, the concept of SustainableDevelopment must grow significantly to obtain a hydraulic sustainable management of theNational Hydraulic Security
Coron, Laurent. "Les modèles hydrologiques conceptuelssont-ils robustes face à un climat en évolution ? Diagnostic sur un échantillon de bassins versants français et australiens". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, AgroParisTech, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AGPT0030.
Texto completoHydrologists are asked to estimate the medium- and long-term evolutions of water resources. To answer these questions, they commonly use conceptual models. In addition, they are often required to provide an estimate of the uncertainties associated with model projections. This raises the question of the robustness of conceptual models, especially in the context of climate evolution. Indeed, using a model in conditions different from those of calibration is based on the hypothesis of parameter transferability, i.e. the possibility to use model parameters in conditions different from those used for the model set-up. We focus on this issue with the aim of answering the following questions:• What is the robustness level of conceptual hydrological models in the context of changing climatic conditions?• What are the causes for the lack of robustness, and are there ways to prevent it?We answer these questions by studying the performance of conceptual models through multiple tests of temporal transfer of their parameters. Results show the existence of correlations between the robustness problems and the difference in climate conditions between model calibration and validation periods. The analysis especially points out the situations of systematic bias correlated to differences in air temperature. However, results are heterogeneous in our catchment set, and climate variables or error type associated with the identified problems vary between catchments.The analysis of simulation biases on catchments where the models are not robust shows alternating phases of flow under- or overestimation, with a possible bias in the mean flow up to 20% over a ten-year period.Our work reveals that very similar results can be obtained for various periods or calibration methods. The robustness issues faced by conceptual models used in this study do not solely stem from inadequate calibrations leading to the selection of parameters unable reproduce the catchment behavior. They seem to be the consequence of overall difficulties for models to satisfactorily simulate water balances simultaneously on various periods.This work opens reflections on the limited capacity of some hydrological models to reproduce low-frequency dynamics and raises questions on the role of inputs estimates errors in model failures, especially the temporal variations of evapotranspiration