Tesis sobre el tema "Gestion des conflits – Environnement"
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Hubert, Nicolas. "Environnement, Ressources et Conflits au Burkina Faso". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/41871.
Texto completoFrançois, Maxime. "Les conflits verts, vers une nouvelle typologie des conflits liée aux ressources naturelles". Thesis, Lyon 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO30085.
Texto completoToday the African continent is the heart of many conflicts characterized by an uneven distribution of “natural resources”. It is proven that the associated environmental risks such as pollution, climate change, and desertification pose an additional threat to the affected populations and ecosystems. The debate on “environmental security” has expanded tremendously in the space of twenty years, and our interest is thus to try to understand its origins, foundations and the various discourses built around this concept. The notion of “green conflicts” has never been thoroughly analyzed taking into account the many examples affecting the African continent, nor has this been done in the light of the construction of a new typology aimed at capturing these new contemporary conflicts in a more efficient manner. Thus our research aims to give an understanding of how “environment” and “natural resources” have become new factors of power that have influenced African armed conflicts in the recent decades. We wish to highlight the evolution of the traditional concept of security to one of “environmental security” based on the changing discourse among politicians of the 20th century. We will then naturally turn to discussions concerning the improvement of prevention effectiveness methods and the resolution of these new conflicts as faced by the international community, as well the creation of a “green helmets” force and the notion of “environmental crime”, both demonstrating the limitations we are still confronted to on this topic
Miège, Alexandre. "Définition d'un environnement formel d'expression de politiques de sécurité : Modèle Or-BAC et extensions". Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2005. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001376.
Texto completoAyerbe, Delphine. "La forêt d'eucalyptus à Addis Abeba : valorisation, gestion et préservation de la ressource boisée dans une capitale en expansion". Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01H102/document.
Texto completoThis thesis explores the evolving place of forest areas in a changing African capital. Eucalyptus has been introduced in Addis Ababa more than 100 years ago in order to meet the locals' demand for timber as well as wood fuel. This urban and suburban forest was planted together with the capital's population growth. Yet, the new planning choices made by local authorities promote the advance of a vertical built environment, which is not anymore consistent with the proximity of those productive green areas. Moreover, this variety is highly criticized for its alleged harmful impacts on the environment. This study seeks to give an account of the duality that arise between the will to provide the Ethiopian capital with a modem image and the continuity of popular forestry practices at work on those forest areas. The analysis is based on a qualitative survey of urban authorities and stakeholders of the "eucalyptus' chain" strategies and explores the new environmental practices in Addis Ababa. The over-representation of international stakeholders in the city is an ideal vector for the promotion of global narratives which influence the local authorities' perceptions of that tree. Indeed, local authorities promote some specific functions for the forest, while controlling the access to the resource and the practices linked to the eucalyptus. The tensions that drive the urban authorities' planning choices highlight the difficulties in reconciling environmental and economic stakes in Addis Ababa
Cadoret, Anne. "Conflits d'usage liés à l'environnement et réseaux sociaux : Enjeux d'une gestion intégrée? Le cas du littoral du Languedoc-Roussillon". Phd thesis, Université Paul Valéry - Montpellier III, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00176681.
Texto completoOn observe que des configurations spatiales récurrentes apparaissent quant à la localisation des conflits d'usage. Cependant, le mode d'expression et les formes de régulation diffèrent selon les types de territoires (lagunes, zones périurbaines, départements, communes, etc.) et les types de conflits (urbanisation et aménagements, protection des espaces et des espèces et gestion de l'eau et des déchets).
L'analyse des conditions d'émergence, des modes d'expression et des formes de régulation à une échelle locale révèle les interactions fortes entre les réseaux d'acteurs et les mutations spatiales. L'apparition d'un conflit bouleverse les pratiques et les représentations socio-spatiales. Les territorialités se redessinent et participent d'une part à la restructuration des réseaux d'acteurs, et d'autre part à l'évolution des stratégies et des comportements des acteurs qui influencent en retour l'organisation du territoire.
Mounet, Coralie. "Les territoires de l'imprévisible. Conflits, controverses et "vivre ensemble" autour de la gestion de la faune sauvage. Le cas du loup et du sanglier dans les Alpes françaises". Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00207766.
Texto completoMerlinsky, María Gabriela. "Atravesando el Río : la construcción social y política de la cuestión ambiental en Argentina : dos estudios de caso en torno al conflicto por las plantas de celulosa en el Río Uruguay y al conflicto por el saneamiento de la Cuenca Matanza-Riachuelo". Paris 8, 2009. http://octaviana.fr/document/150970102#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Texto completoThis research considers the incursion into a field of new problems, relative to the emergence of the environmental issue as a socially problematised matter in Argentina. Our aim is to contribute to the analysis of the way in which the social selection of the environmental issues occurs in different societies and its relationship with more general processes of change. The road taken has been the analysis of the environmental conflicts considered as moments of socialization and turning points in the material and symbolic construction of the environmental issue. In this exploration, we have selected two cases of relevance for their ability to impact the public arenas of deliberation around the environmental problems, and because they represent hinge times in the construction of the environmental institutionality in Argentina: the conflict over the pulp mills on the Uruguay River and the conflict over the clean-up of the Matanza-Riachuelo River Basin. The thesis describes the emergence of these conflicts and the course they followed establishing an influence on the formation of public arenas around the environmental issue. It also identifies the instances of institutional rupture triggered by these conflicts and their exemplary nature for the national environmental debate and the social construction of the collective risk
Yahyaoui, Ahlem. "Conflits d'usage environnementaux sur les rives de la lagune de Bizerte (Tunisie) : une mise en perspective méditerranéenne". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/181024_YAHYAOUI_465hyeh752pqoh615vivk996ykhs_TH.pdf.
Texto completoThe dissertation seeks to recognize the socio-spatial meanings of dynamic conflicts related to the environment in the lagoon and to assess its effects in terms of environmental governance as well. The analysis concentrates on the reasons and the genesis of the actors’ oppositions at work around the lagoon of Bizerte (Tunisia) and the pond of Berre (Marseille). Putting the light on these conflicts represents an issue for the integrated wetland management. This topic has been tackled on by other researchers. However, it remains a major interest due to the knowledge and the originality of the territory. Particularly, the thesis raises the question of the potential impacts that conflicts can have on organizations and institutions in place. In fact, is it possible that public action will be renewed to follow the emergence or conflicts regulation? This question is tied to the challenges of the current and major companies and to an extreme rapidity of territory changing: Bizerte’s lagoon is situated on the southern shore of the Mediterranean and in a country where the regime is in continuous transition. This research covers the ground to study the potential emergence of the participative approach and the social integration of environmental issues in coastal, urban and rural territory
Boutin, Nathalie. "Management territorial et conflits environnementaux industriels : à la recherche de la biodiversité". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0596.
Texto completoThe issue of biodiversity has been at the forefront of environmental concerns in the same way as climate change, and has been the subject of a voluminous literature and numerous alarmist reports worldwide. Depending on whether one looks at the question from the point of view of the life sciences or the social sciences one has complementary but also contradictory views. The issue of biodiversity, particularly in the Mediterranean, is considered from the angle of its territorial management, which focuses on the comparative study of several localized cases in areas marked by intense interactions between men and the environment, where the consideration for this issue is questioned in a conflictual decision-making context. This thesis deals with territorial management and the approach to biodiversity that emerges from practices related to the state of biodiversity, the phenomena that threaten it. This knowledge is confronted with managerial practices when they are constrained by conflicting events revealing the values of multiple stakeholders. We deduce three models of « Man-Nature » relationships and the regulatory implications that arise from them, and we highlight the paradoxes of public policies oriented towards biodiversity. We then show the determinative nature of these explicit and implicit models, mobilized by decision makers at the individual and institutional levels. This brings to light the weakness of the institutionalization of the issue of biodiversity, stammering. This leads us to provide recommendations for the integration of this issue into managerial practices, both public and private
Magsi, Habibullah. "Les conflits d’usages dans les pays en voie de développement : stratégies de résolution et de prévention pour assurer la croissance économique et le bien-être humain. Le cas du barrage de Chotiari au Pakistan". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, AgroParisTech, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AGPT0027.
Texto completoThis research discusses the tools of land use conflict analysis and methods for their prevention and management, on the basis of existing conflicts created by infrastructural projects in developing countries. Such conflicts have entailed expropriation of homes, farm businesses and other productive resources in rural settings. Specifically, we use data from the case of Chotiari water reservoir project in Pakistan, where we put stress on project impacts on socio-economic and natural resource values in the region, by highlighting root causes of the conflicts with response to land use decision. We also paid attention on the network of actors over land use and property right violation, which have created dissimilar power distribution and significant land use conflicts. Through this research we show that conflicts created by the project have resulted from structural factors (unilateral decision, lack of technical and scientific investigation, corruption, international interest, and non-existence of national resettlement policy) and proximate factors (nepotism, ethnic diversity/disarray, and illiteracy). Moreover, forceful displacement of local population has led for multiplication of the confrontations. From these results, we provide helpful insights and information for the recommendations in terms of land use conflict prevention and management, mainly based on proximity relations analysis
Boutin, Nathalie. "Management territorial et conflits environnementaux industriels : à la recherche de la biodiversité". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0596.
Texto completoThe issue of biodiversity has been at the forefront of environmental concerns in the same way as climate change, and has been the subject of a voluminous literature and numerous alarmist reports worldwide. Depending on whether one looks at the question from the point of view of the life sciences or the social sciences one has complementary but also contradictory views. The issue of biodiversity, particularly in the Mediterranean, is considered from the angle of its territorial management, which focuses on the comparative study of several localized cases in areas marked by intense interactions between men and the environment, where the consideration for this issue is questioned in a conflictual decision-making context. This thesis deals with territorial management and the approach to biodiversity that emerges from practices related to the state of biodiversity, the phenomena that threaten it. This knowledge is confronted with managerial practices when they are constrained by conflicting events revealing the values of multiple stakeholders. We deduce three models of « Man-Nature » relationships and the regulatory implications that arise from them, and we highlight the paradoxes of public policies oriented towards biodiversity. We then show the determinative nature of these explicit and implicit models, mobilized by decision makers at the individual and institutional levels. This brings to light the weakness of the institutionalization of the issue of biodiversity, stammering. This leads us to provide recommendations for the integration of this issue into managerial practices, both public and private
Graziani, Claire Taugeron. "Les dynamiques associatives dans la gestion du littorale en Corse". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/23523.
Texto completoThe current question of Corsica’s coastal regions has been the subject of many debates. Various associations and citizen groups have made public their disapproval of the current politics surrounding the matter, stirring up many questions in regards to the current governance of the territory, problematic in the eyes of the associations and concerned citizens. This has lead to many territorial conflicts that have yet to be resolved. Therefore this research focuses on the diagnostics of the associations when the conflicts emerge. Also it is of interest to know the means of action used by these associations, their objectives, and the effects of their actions on the coastal governance.
Yahyaoui, Ahlem. "Conflits d'usage environnementaux sur les rives de la lagune de Bizerte (Tunisie) : une mise en perspective méditerranéenne". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0706/document.
Texto completoThe dissertation seeks to recognize the socio-spatial meanings of dynamic conflicts related to the environment in the lagoon and to assess its effects in terms of environmental governance as well. The analysis concentrates on the reasons and the genesis of the actors’ oppositions at work around the lagoon of Bizerte (Tunisia) and the pond of Berre (Marseille). Putting the light on these conflicts represents an issue for the integrated wetland management. This topic has been tackled on by other researchers. However, it remains a major interest due to the knowledge and the originality of the territory. Particularly, the thesis raises the question of the potential impacts that conflicts can have on organizations and institutions in place. In fact, is it possible that public action will be renewed to follow the emergence or conflicts regulation? This question is tied to the challenges of the current and major companies and to an extreme rapidity of territory changing: Bizerte’s lagoon is situated on the southern shore of the Mediterranean and in a country where the regime is in continuous transition. This research covers the ground to study the potential emergence of the participative approach and the social integration of environmental issues in coastal, urban and rural territory
Avry, Loïc. "Analyser les conflits territoriaux par les représentations spatiales : une méthode cognitive par cartes mentales". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Rennes 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REN20032.
Texto completoTerritorial conflicts, whether they involve environmental, land use, planning or urban development issues, are on the rise and often lead to the delay, or even the abandon, of diverse projects. While previous studies have emphasized the complex relationships that exist between conflicts and territories, few have successfully set the perspectives of the different actors on an equal footing.This thesis seeks to understand the real place occupied by the territory in the different perspectives of the various actors involved in territorial conflicts. Three case studies in particular have been used to clarify this aspect. The first study concerns the Notre-Dame-des-Landes International Airport conflict. The second is a comparison of land-fill site conflicts and the third focuses on the analysis of the conflict surrounding „Thursday night parties” in Rennes City Centre.The different scales of mobilisation and the different arguments advanced in these case studies were examined from the angle of the analysis of the different representations made by the various actors. We interpreted the positions of the different actors, laypersons, experts, and decision-makers, on the same level: that of the project territory. We also investigated how new mediations between different players could be put into place to allow a better understanding of the convergences and divergences of the positions held by different actors.To do this, we mainly used a “mental mapping” tool, which involved precisely outlining the objective of our study before developing a new methodology for resolving conflicts. The study of the different representations with this tool has undoubtedly allowed a better understanding of the different assertions made by opposing positions in territorial conflicts. As such, we have established a new design for the system of different actors and of the models of territorial complexes.From these new models, we established a global synthesis of conflict which we have termed “belliforme”, and which serves as a starting point for new processes of territorial cooperation, both prior to and following, the decision-making process. Furthermore, we question the key role that could be played by a cartography centred around the actors, rather than around the projects, in the understanding of the interplay between conflicts and territories
Florez, Marion. "Le partage de l’espace en débat : de la confrontation des usages à la construction de modalités de cohabitation sur le littoral breton". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Rennes 2, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022REN20054.
Texto completoThe densification of spaces, their over-frequentation, the multiplication of protection zones, the implementation of regulations, the increase in the real estate market, etc. are all problems associated with the conflictual sharing of coastal space. This research, which is the result of a scientific and financial collaboration between the DREAL Bretagne and the ESO Rennes laboratory, aims to take into account the plurality of ordinary conflictual situations that emerge around the issue of space sharing. The aim is not only to reveal what these configurations say about the relationships that actors have with space, the Other, nature and institutions, but also to reveal the plural effects of these situations on a space as small as the coastline. Through the investigation of case studies dealing with various issues and involving heterogeneous actors, the aim is to demonstrate the necessary and indisputable interest in taking into account all the actors concerned, to recognise their knowledge and their multiple assets and to legitimise their occupation of the space. Through the experimentation of a hybrid participatory approach, mixing methods from the human and social sciences (semi-directive interview and mental map) and animation techniques experimented by the State services (workshop, cartographic diagnosis, etc.), we highlight, beyond the inexorable nature of conflicts, the possibility and the importance of their valorisation as an essential contribution to the improvement of cohabitation and to the common construction of the space-at-risk that is the coastline
Ibouanga, Sosthène. "Hommes et aires protégées au Gabon, entre protection procurale de la biodiversité et préservation des intérêts locaux dans le parc national de Moukalaba-Doudou : Le discours des habitants, des techniciens de l'environnement et des élus". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022COAZ2013.
Texto completoThe protection of the environment is an issue that both divides and mobilizes several actors including environmental technicians, elected officials and inhabitants. Focused on the current actors' discourses and actions, this study intends to analyze the policy of nature management in Gabon via the Moukalaba-Doudou National Park. As such, through cultural practices, this thesis proposes to re-examine the relationship of local populations to nature in a contemporary ecological context. This context is dominated by the confrontation of endogenous and exogenous conceptions of nature. We thereby question, via the "procurale management", the responsibility of the State for the management of nature and national parks in Gabon. On the other hand, we examine the advantages and disadvantages of the "piendupialiste" discourse of the different actors (the State, ANPN, environmental technicians, elected officials and inhabitants) on the protection of nature in Gabon. The purpose of this thesis is to show that the entry of Gabon into ‘modernity' in the colonial context can be taken as the origin of the degradation of biodiversity in the Moukalaba-Doudou park. This degradation is linked to the evolution of the cultural practices of the populations based on the use of nature through the introduction of new technologies (hunting gun, ammunition, fishing net, freezer, chainsaw) and the adoption of new religions (Christianity and Islam). The other perspective of this study is to show that ‘procurale management' (the financial and material investments of donors and international NGOs are higher than those of the State) does not really promote the sustainable protection of biodiversity and does not ensure coherent socio-economic and cultural development for the sake of local populations. Finally, the thesis presents the divergence of representations and interests of populations and environmental technicians with regard to nature and its uses. The lack of understanding of contemporary ecological issues are at the root of conflicts (Human-Wildlife conflicts, poaching, illegal fishing, etc.) and make the management of Moukalaba-Doudou National Park difficult. It is therefore important to pool the interests of the various actors to considerably reduce the impact of the action of populations on nature. It is also important to reduce the significant influence of international NGOs and donors on the management of national parks in Gabon. It seems important to promote the integration of endogenous knowledge and the real consideration of the interests of local populations for the successful safeguarding of biodiversity
Jeanneaux, Philippe. "Les conflits d'usage dans les espaces périurbains et ruraux français : une approche par l'analyse économique de la décision publique". Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00424110.
Texto completoDuchère, Yves. "Métropolisation, gouvernance de l’environnement et enjeux de pouvoir : le cas de trois clusters de villages de métier de Ha Noi et Bac Ninh (Vietnam)". Thesis, Paris 8, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA080034.
Texto completoThe Red River delta is a highly populated and vulnerable area with craft villages organized in clusters since the 11th century, because of the under employment related to the rice-growing activity in monsoon zones. Hanoi, the Vietnamese capital, is located at the delta’s apex.After the USSR collapsed and following the decline of cooperatives and the economic reforms in the late 80’s (Đổi mới), it has been observed, in craft villages, a resurgence of craft activities, getting more and more modern and industrialized. This rising rural industry generated negative externalities, threatening public health and environment at the same time. From the 2000’s on, the Red River delta region turned into a metropolization process. The promoted city model ignored the existing settlements and imposed on Ha noi’s surrounding areas. Land competition and real estate pressure resulting from this metropolization project worsened the existing environmental issues in these craft villages that kept on urbanizing in situ.At the same time as this economical and urban transition, Vietnam was still governed by a Leninist system, with a statehood superstructure organized from top to bottom, whereas the speed of economic development seemed in need of a more flexible system.Through the observation of local conflicts related to environmental governance, this research aims at proving that environmental degradation fluctuates in its mechanisms, stakes, configurations and stakeholders’ representations, in accordance with the type of metropolis suburbs concerned
Barbier, Nicolas. "Conflits de gestion du territoire, de l'environnement et des ressources naturelles dans la région des Nez Percé (Idaho, Oregon, Washington) : étude du territoire indien dans le contexte autochtone aux Etats-Unis depuis le début de la conquête de l'Ouest". Thesis, Dijon, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012DIJOL013.
Texto completoIn 1855, the United States of America signed a treaty with the Nez Perce Tribe by which the tribe kept 7.5 millions acres out of a 13.5 million acre aboriginal homeland. In 1863, the United States broke the 1855 Treaty and decreased tenfold the size of the Nez Perce Reservation. Yet, several prominent Nez Perce leaders whose lands were ceded under the 1863 Treaty did not sign it. In 1877, the United States Army forced the nontreaty Nez Perce to submit to the territorial ambitions of the United States after killing nontreaty Nez Perce women and children. Then, the federal government used coertion against the Nez Perce and exploited the poverty of many of them in order to get the number of signatures required to sanction the 1893 Agreement. The latter made the implementation of the Dawes Act possible on the Nez Perce Reservation and opened it up to non-Indian settlers. From 1854 to 1895, the Nez Perce people lost more than 98 percent of their aboriginal homeland. Most people living on the Nez Perce Reservation today are non-Indians. Current conflicts between Nez Perce and non-Indians over the management of land, the environment and natural resources all stem from the violence, and methods of coercion and exploitation used by the United States against these American Indians. There are conflicts between the tribe and non-Indian governmental entities, groups and individuals. However, a part of the local non-Indian population supports the tribe or at least some of their tribal claims. I study conflicts related to various issues: Nez Perce struggles to keep their indigenous identity; tribal sovereignty over the 1863 Reservation; private land ownership; the inequitable sharing of powers in the management of wolves, salmon and fires; water rights; degradation, protection and restoration of aquatic ecosystems and riparian areas; the potential return of public lands located in the 1855 Treaty Area to the tribe; disagreements about the meaning of sustainable development and concomitant difficulties of launching significant regional projects that can be beneficial at the economic, environmental and social levels. I address these issues in the indigenous context of America since the conquest of the American West by comparing the case of the Nez Perce with the situations of other American Indian nations, and by anchoring it in a national and sometimes international context
Yeckting, Vilela Fabiola. "Mineralizar la vida. Antropología histórica del ambiente, los conflictos sociales y el desarrollo en las Américas : el caso del proyecto minero Las Bambas en el territorio sur andino del Perú (2004-2018)". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, EHESS, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023EHES0037.
Texto completoThe perspective of mining conflicts and development processes in this research is that the protagonists are not static, but have both historical density and dramatic changes that happen in two dimensions; in the short term, at the current moment in which the events occur; and, in the long term, namely, of long and medium duration through time, which helps to configure historical cycles and processes. A nearness to the subject has been sought through an analysis of cases by historical layers, early modernity from the 18th to the 19th centuries; and, later neoliberal development of the 20th and 21st centuries in the Americas. Next, the 90s context to analyze the emblematic mining conflicts in Peru, till reaching the study case Las Bambas mining project from 2004 to 2018.The main question and aim of this thesis research are to answer: What is the relationship among the environment, mining conflicts and development processes in the country? Based on this principal question, I specify that the discourses on the development models in the country include conceptions of development that are related to the idea of taking advantage of natural resources through investments and their income. So that, therefore, the possibilities of making decisions about nature and promoting ways of production of local populations are limited, just as the institutions guarantee the right to a healthy and balanced environment are weakened.In the third part of the thesis, I make a historical review of the political and territorial transformation processes of the department of Apurímac and Grau and Cotabambas provinces, in order to address how Las Bambas mining project concession is inserted in them. The case study of this thesis is the timeline of Las Bambas project, from which I prove how the environmental and social impacts generated by the exploitation of metals occur between 2004 and 2018 years, in Cotabambas province in Apurimac, Peru. From them on the information collection about the conflict’s dynamics, I show how the environmental issue and territorial transformations keep subordinated or invisible in the proposals, where profitability and economic growth are prioritized in local development.The thesis cast on doubt on the position that mining conflicts are just conditioned by the distribution and administration of the benefits obtained from mining exploitation and production. In it, I show that the conditions that support the operation of mining projects are connected to the deterioration, depletion, and fragmentation of access to ground, water and air, which permeates "mineralizes", and as well divides social and cultural relationships, and community life, like an extractive condition characteristic in the mining areas where it operates
La perspectiva de los conflictos mineros y los procesos de desarrollo que asume esta tesis supone que los actores no son estáticos sino que están dotados de una densidad histórica en la medida en que experimentan cambios drásticos que se manifiestan en dos dimensiones. A corto plazo, en el momento preciso en que ocurren los hechos; y largo plazo, es decir, mediano y largo plazo en el tiempo, lo que ayuda a configurar ciclos y procesos históricos. Busqué abordar el tema a través del análisis de casos y capas históricas: la modernidad inicial de los siglos XVIII y XIX; luego, el desarrollismo del énfasis extractivista de los siglos XX y XXI en las Américas. Luego, el contexto de la década de 1990 para analizar los conflictos mineros emblemáticos del Perú, hasta llegar al caso de estudio del proyecto minero Las Bambas de 2004 a 2018.La pregunta y objetivo principal de esta tesis doctoral es: ¿cuál es la relación entre medio ambiente, conflictos mineros y procesos de desarrollo en el Perú? Partiendo de esta cuestión central, puntualizo que los discursos sobre los modelos de desarrollo en el Perú incorporan concepciones de desarrollo que se relacionan con la idea de aprovechamiento de los recursos naturales a través de inversiones y su renta, de manera subordinada a la actividad minera –que se convierte en discurso y una práctica oficial en el marco de una nueva dinámica productiva. Los significados de medio ambiente se relacionan con su capacidad para subsidiar los procesos de desarrollo minero, por lo que se limitan las posibilidades de toma de decisiones sobre la naturaleza e implementación de los modos productivos locales; así como se debilitan las instituciones que garantizan el derecho a un medio ambiente sano y equilibrado.Esta tesis propone retomar la trayectoria histórica de los procesos de transformación política y territorial del departamento de Apurímac y las provincias de Grau y Cotabambas, para luego abordar la forma en que se encuadra en ella la concesión del proyecto minero Las Bambas. El caso de estudio de esta tesis es una cronología del proyecto Las Bambas, a partir del cual muestro cómo se manifiestan los impactos ambientales y sociales provocados por la explotación de metales entre los años 2004 y 2018 en la provincia de Cotabambas en Apurímac, y en el Perú. A partir de la información recabada sobre la dinámica del conflicto, muestro cómo el tema ambiental y las transformaciones territoriales quedan subordinados o invisibilizados en las propuestas, que priorizan la rentabilidad y el crecimiento económico en el desarrollo local.La tesis cuestiona la idea de que los conflictos mineros sólo están condicionados por la distribución y gestión de los beneficios derivados de la explotación y producción minera. Muestra que las condiciones favorables para el funcionamiento de los proyectos mineros están vinculadas a la degradación, agotamiento y fragmentación del acceso a la tierra, el agua y el aire, que “mineralizan” y escinden las relaciones sociales, culturales y la vida comunitaria, como característica de la condición extractiva en las regiones mineras
Duchère, Yves. "Métropolisation, gouvernance de l’environnement et enjeux de pouvoir : le cas de trois clusters de villages de métier de Ha Noi et Bac Ninh (Vietnam)". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA080034.
Texto completoThe Red River delta is a highly populated and vulnerable area with craft villages organized in clusters since the 11th century, because of the under employment related to the rice-growing activity in monsoon zones. Hanoi, the Vietnamese capital, is located at the delta’s apex.After the USSR collapsed and following the decline of cooperatives and the economic reforms in the late 80’s (Đổi mới), it has been observed, in craft villages, a resurgence of craft activities, getting more and more modern and industrialized. This rising rural industry generated negative externalities, threatening public health and environment at the same time. From the 2000’s on, the Red River delta region turned into a metropolization process. The promoted city model ignored the existing settlements and imposed on Ha noi’s surrounding areas. Land competition and real estate pressure resulting from this metropolization project worsened the existing environmental issues in these craft villages that kept on urbanizing in situ.At the same time as this economical and urban transition, Vietnam was still governed by a Leninist system, with a statehood superstructure organized from top to bottom, whereas the speed of economic development seemed in need of a more flexible system.Through the observation of local conflicts related to environmental governance, this research aims at proving that environmental degradation fluctuates in its mechanisms, stakes, configurations and stakeholders’ representations, in accordance with the type of metropolis suburbs concerned
Laslaz, Lionel. "Les zones centrales des Parcs Nationaux alpins français (Vanoise, Ecrins, Mercantour) : des conflits au consensus social ? : contribution critique à l'analyse des processus territoriaux d'admission des espaces protégés et des rapports entre sociétés et politiques d'aménagements en milieux montagnards". Chambéry, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005CHAML056.
Texto completoThis thesis proposes a critical approach of the functioning of the French alpine National Parks, through the analysis of the dynamics which animate for more than 40 years their central areas, strongest protective measures of the French legislative arsenal of nature conservation. The particular context of the alpine mountain supplies elements of understanding of the phenomena of refusal, even perplexity, noticed towards these Administrative Public Establishments. The thesis demonstrates how the alpine central zones have gradually and imperfectly slid by a situation of conflict towards the sketch of a search for social consensus, based on the massive use of the spatial compromise. The first part loosens the parameters of spatial segmentation which presided over the plan and over the demarcation of the alpine central zones. These last ones are conceived not as spaces of "natural" pseudo-fixedness, but as equipped territories answering a general logic of development of the mountain. The second part establishes the conflict as the mode of social construction of the relation in the protected spaces. Four entrances are privileged : the spaces of the conflicts, the actors and the roots of these conflicts. The part ends on the binomial conflict/ consensus through the representations of the "nature" appropriate for the various social groups, which tend to instrument it. The third part makes of the consensus the mode of privileged social exchange of the actors; but it is not set against the conflict, and on the contrary these last ones feed mutually, barriers separating them being unstable. Through the present various activities in central zone, this consensus is built on a compromise : economic through the consequences of the summer frequenting ; spatial with the rigorous spatial partition and the interchangeability with the skiable domains ; politics with the new trump cards which we discover to a for a long time rejected pastoralisme. The last chapter asks the question of the social acceptance of the National Parks, which try to turn to the local development. In the final the thesis joins in a questioning argued of protective measures in France
Avry, Loïc. "Analyser les conflits territoriaux par les représentations spatiales : une méthode cognitive par cartes mentales". Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00808779.
Texto completoSow, Fatou Kine. "Conflits et résolution des conflits en Afrique subsaharienne : l'élaboration de la gestion des conflits". Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA111005.
Texto completoThe African continent has experienced a long period of conflict in the 1990s, this periodcoincides with the exhaustion of purely altruistic policies of Western countries, increasinglyreluctant to commit troops in conflicts that are not theirs.In Africa, peacekeeping is a challenge of all time, the African Union must respond to threatsagainst peace and security through collective responses based and supported by coherentmechanisms.In a conflict resolution controlled and centralized by the United nations Security Council, hasgradually established an alliance between the UN system and the African Union. Theassertion of the interdependencies in the search for stability involves the coordination ofstrategies and programs of security and defense between the different actors of peace on thecontinent.The mechanisms of action are reconsidered and the strategies changed. And to avoid thejuxtaposition of actors and avoiding chaos, cohesion and coordination among institutions isgaining momentum, its dash.ECOWAS has a proven ability to lead a peacekeeping force until the cease-fire and the returnof peace in the conflict in Liberia. It has mechanisms recognized and structured interventionthat will serve lever to the African Union in developing its own tools for peacekeeping andsecurity sub-regional and regional.Conflict management will be renovated with a real architecture of peace and security of theAfrican Union, which now has functional mechanisms and African forces trained, operationaland especially interoperable with the forces of international organizations.The issue of security and stability in Africa and the challenges of reconstruction it poses,necessitated the redefinition of international relations in sub-Saharan Africa.These issues will enable the African Union to work out for developing and establishingconflict management on the continent
Magsi, Habibullah. "Les conflits d’usages dans les pays en voie de développement : stratégies de résolution et de prévention pour assurer la croissance économique et le bien-être humain. Le cas du barrage de Chotiari au Pakistan". Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AGPT0027/document.
Texto completoThis research discusses the tools of land use conflict analysis and methods for their prevention and management, on the basis of existing conflicts created by infrastructural projects in developing countries. Such conflicts have entailed expropriation of homes, farm businesses and other productive resources in rural settings. Specifically, we use data from the case of Chotiari water reservoir project in Pakistan, where we put stress on project impacts on socio-economic and natural resource values in the region, by highlighting root causes of the conflicts with response to land use decision. We also paid attention on the network of actors over land use and property right violation, which have created dissimilar power distribution and significant land use conflicts. Through this research we show that conflicts created by the project have resulted from structural factors (unilateral decision, lack of technical and scientific investigation, corruption, international interest, and non-existence of national resettlement policy) and proximate factors (nepotism, ethnic diversity/disarray, and illiteracy). Moreover, forceful displacement of local population has led for multiplication of the confrontations. From these results, we provide helpful insights and information for the recommendations in terms of land use conflict prevention and management, mainly based on proximity relations analysis
Calvo-Mendieta, Iratxe. "L'économie des ressources en eau : de l'internalisation des externalités à la gestion intégrée : l'exemple du bassin versant de l'Audomarois". Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011495.
Texto completoCe constat constitue le point de départ de ce travail de thèse, dont l'objectif est de mener une réflexion approfondie sur la gestion des ressources en eau dans une double perspective, analytique et normative. Tout d'abord, la visée analytique de cette recherche a trait aux conflits d'usage dans le domaine de l'eau. Face aux limites des approches théoriques standard pour l'appréhension des spécificités de l'eau et de l'ensemble des dimensions liées aux conflits dans ce domaine (dynamiques collectives, représentations sociales des usages, dimension territoriale...) il s'agit de mettre en évidence une grille théorique permettant d'étudier ces relations conflictuelles dans toutes leurs dimensions – et en premier lieu leurs facteurs déterminants. Par ailleurs, il convient de s'interroger, selon une perspective davantage normative, sur le contenu de la notion de gestion intégrée des ressources en eau.
Ainsi, nous défendons la thèse que la définition d'une gestion intégrée des ressources en eau implique : un régime institutionnel de ressources en eau intégré (forte cohérence entre politiques publiques et droits de propriété/usage et forte étendue), la reconnaissance et compréhension des conflits d'usage et de leur dépassement et la transversalité des politiques publiques ayant une influence sur l'eau, notamment les politiques de gestion de l'espace.
Nous faisons appel à quatre outils théoriques complémentaires : le modèle des « cités » de Boltanski et Thévenot (1991), l'approche patrimoniale, l'économie de la proximité et le régime institutionnel de ressources. La combinaison de ces constructions théoriques nous conduit à une grille analytique pertinente pour rendre compte de l'émergence, du déroulement et de la gestion des conflits d'usage autour des ressources en eau et aider à la définition normative d'une gestion intégrée. Afin de tester empiriquement cette grille analytique, nous étudions le bassin versant de l'Audomarois (Nord – Pas-de-Calais). Il s'agit d'étudier la mise en œuvre de la gestion de l'eau à une échelle spatiale locale, le bassin versant étant considéré comme l'unité territoriale pertinente de cette gestion.
Zagori, Aurélie. "La volonté dans la gestion des conflits". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015VERS025S.
Texto completoConflict management is nowadays undoubtedly a major subject for economic operators who frequently mobilize their will in order to prevent, process, adjust or solve their conflicts, within the original agreement, by an agreement or during the proceedings, thus appropriating the art of justice. Individual will then confronts with the imposed order as defined by different mandatory legal sources with an intensity which varies depending on the contractual or procedural nature of the considered field. From this confrontation arise freedom’s boundaries which need to be challenged. Assessing the role of will, whether individual or joint, of the parties or of third parties, in conflict management enables the isolation of multiple conceptions of Justice, as private interest satisfaction, universal ideal achievement and public service. The position adopted by subtantive law invites to determine if a more individualistic view of justice is conceivable
Bobineau, Christophe. "Gestion de transactions en environnement mobile". Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002VERS0031.
Texto completoGuerny, Jacques de. "Gestion des entreprises et environnement concurrentiel". Tours, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOUR1003.
Texto completoThe aim of this thesis is to study the relations between companies and their environment in terms of competitors analysis. Its first part report an inquiry, made in france at the level of big and small firms, with reference to the evolution of economic concepts about global business competition. Based on this report, the second part of the thesis present an original four steps methodology to be included in the short and long range planning system of each firm. In the conclusion are opened possible steps of research to improve the matter and specially to reduce the considerable gap existing between economic theory and business management
Akotia, Benjamin Kokou. "La Gestion des conflits chez les Akebu du Togo". Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007STR20004.
Texto completoFor most of the theories, there is ethnicity when a group conserves its differenciation within another group, but with the Akebu, there is ethnicity because they have lost that differenciation. It is from the specific paradigm of care of the stranger that every society manages its anxieties and its system of self-conservation. The stranger with whom you are at peace has the matrimonial covenant as paradigm, whereas the stranger with whom you are in conflict has for paradigm witchcraft. Finally, the management of the conflicts consists of exorcizing the witchcraft paradigm. Human groups interaction was not our only interest, this work analysed in concert all akebu conflicts discourses and put into evidence, thanks to the two operators of containing and inclusing, borrowed from the Set Theory in Mathematics, a common structure of relationship articulation between a given group and its different surrounding groups : the other people, nature and the deadland
Bidjongou, Doukaga Célia Malene. "La gestion des conflits au sein d'une équipe multiculturelle". Thèse, [Rimouski, Québec] : Université du Québec à Rimouski, 2008.
Buscar texto completoTitre de l'écran-titre (visionné le 15 septembre 2008). Mémoire présenté à l'Université du Québec à Rimouski comme exigence partielle du programme de Maîtrise en gestion de projet. Comprend un résumé. CaQRU CaQRU CaQRU Bibliogr.: f. 137-145. Publié aussi en version papier. CaQRU
Ben, Hadj Rania. "Gestion de conflits dans une plateforme ubiquitaire orientée services". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAM024/document.
Texto completoThe important emergence of dynamic and heterogeneous devices paves the way for the emergence of a new type of ubiquitous applications that has the ability to interact with sensors and actuators that penetrate our environments in a transparent way. In this research, we are particularly interested in the ubiquitous applications deployed in smart homes. Service-oriented platforms are widely used to run these applications. These platforms present the ability to dynamically provide services, according to the applications needs. These services can be simple, representing a device, or more abstract, providing higher level functions. Ubiquitous applications share these services to achieve different and sometimes conflicting goals. These conflicts need to be managed in order to keep the houses in consistent states. This thesis defines an approach for managing conflicts between home applications in a service-oriented platform. This approach is optimistic and addresses conflicts at runtime via a causal model of the environment, called context. This approach focuses mainly on three axes: the first axis focuses on the description of conflicts in a context modeled as service-oriented components; the second axis consist in the extension of the programming model of ubiquitous applications by locking/unlocking mechanisms; the third axis focuses on conflict management using a three-phase approach (prevention, detection and resolution). The proposed solution was developed as iPOJO components and integrated into the ubiquitous platform iCasa
François, Marie. "EAU ET DÉVELOPPEMENT EN ESPAGNE POLITIQUES ET DISCOURS Les exemples de l'Aragon et de la Région de Murcie". Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00459592.
Texto completoAhmat, Mahamat Yacoub. "La gestion des conflits : à travers la Médiature du Tchad". Thesis, Le Mans, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LEMA3003/document.
Texto completoThis thesis represents an analysis of the role and the mission of the ombudsman as an independent administrative authority (AAI) and specifically questions its utility even though there are other bodies in charge of the non-judicial protection of fundamental rights.It examines the treatment of conflicts between citizens and the various organs of public administration, then the main origins of conflicts, particularly in its normative and sociological sense, by revisiting the concept of social justice. It also explores the difference between the function of the ombudsman and the justice system. It also examines the role of mediation in such situations of conflict with customary law and addresses "the strengths and weaknesses of practices that irrigate parliamentary mediation" since its creation.We also studied the development and the techniques used by the institution, the typology of conflicts and the common features of certain types of institutions, with a specific emphasis on the culture, the consolidation of peace and the role of sociological mediology particularly in the school area.Finally, a chapter was devoted to youth, extremism and the role that sociological mediology can play in the prevention of violent conflict
Hadna, Saliha. "Suivi environnemental des anciennes mines d’uranium : l’usage de la concertation en situation de controverse : deux études de cas : la Commanderie (Vendée/Deux-Sèvres), Pen Ar Ran (Loire-Atlantique)". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, CNAM, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CNAM1145.
Texto completoThrough the analysis of controversies, our sociological research articulates two case studies on the subject of the use of the “concertation” on the basis of the uranium mine monitoring: La Commanderie (Vendée/Deux-Sèvres) and Pen Ar ran (Loire-Atlantique). These two former uranium mines present two different configurations. In a first line of research, we are interested in the configuration of actors in an instance of “concertation”: comité de Mallièvre (La Commanderie). We present the “constraint network” which prevent the environmental associations from fully participating. The second line of research questions the usefulness of the concept of "collective construction" to better understand the foundations of the consultation. The third line of research leads us to observe a form non-established "collective construction": in Piriac-sur-Mer, a "community of knowledge" emerges as a result of the creation of the group of associations “Stop radioactivity”. In contrast, consultation takes place in the arguments, as a demand for "legitimation of knowledge"
Grésy, Jean-Édouard. "Les dynamiques du conflit : une modélisation systémique pour aborder le droit selon une anthropologie du différend". Paris 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA010252.
Texto completoOuertani, Mohamed-Zied Ris Gabriel. "DEPNET une approche support au processus de gestion de conflits basée sur la gestion des dépendances de données de conception /". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2007. http://www.scd.uhp-nancy.fr/docnum/SCD_T_2007_0031_OUERTANI.pdf.
Texto completoNguyen, Tan Hon Véronique. "Débats et conflits lors de l'élaboration du budget". Jouy-en Josas, HEC, 2008. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00472470.
Texto completoIn this research, we have tried to study the phenomena of debates and conflicts during the budgeting process from a qualitative and quantitative point of view, in order to improve the literature on the conditions that are favourable to the performance of the budgeting process and on the value of conflicts on organizational performance. The measurement tools designed for this research, the relationships tested, as well as the verbatim collected, enable us to conclude that the performance of the budgeting process is influenced much more by factors that have been identified in the literature on conflict as favouring a constructive resolution of oppositions (common vision, superior common goal, willingness to cooperate, belief in the possibility of resolution) than by the intrinsic level of debate or conflict. This research thus suggests for practice that debates or even conflicts among managers are not appropriate if cohesion factors, favourable to the constructive resolution of conflicts, are not at first present and effective. Contrary to the hierarchical vision of the budgeting process, our results also show that debates between peers or conflicts between peers are the most efficient interactions to draw up a budget. Hence our work underscores the importance of the informal factors of cohesion as well as the managerial skill of teammanagement to prevent some of the flaws of the formal control devices, especially budgeting, as they have been identified in the literature
Fréchet, Marc. "Les conflits dans les partenariats d'innovation". Toulouse 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU10082.
Texto completoAlthough conflict within partnership is a recognized fact, only a few studies try to clarify it. In this thesis, we tried to enlight the conflict phenomenon in innovation partnerships. As a result, cultural differences, lack of competencies and more broadly differencies in partnership representations are positively related to conflict
Grassi, Olivier. "Comptes consolidés image fidèle d'un lieu de conflits ? : apport des comptes consolidés à la gestion des conflits d'agence". Caen, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999CAEN0583.
Texto completoConsolidated financial information currently occupies a dominant place in company group communications. These groups generate various working relationships, notably between directors and shareholders. The management of these company conflicts is carried out through appropriate checks and actions in the best interests of the shareholders. The law has taken this situation into account in introducing, among other things, different measures which will encourage checks. Having noticed a lack in the legal framework of any encouragement of good professional relationships, I have tried, in this thesis, to show that such a quality can be applied to consolidated financial statements. Through the appropriate choice from among the different techniques which exist, consolidated financial accounts can constitute, for the group director, a means of demonstrating both his professional integrity and a developed management style towards the shareholders. In studying the principal accounting standards which exist (such as those of France, Great Britain, the European commission, the United States, and the international standards of the IASC), I have identified, in the different standards, the different technical choices likely to transform the method of consolidation into a tool for managing conflicts of interest within the company group
Abderrazak, Alaoui Driss. "Contribution à ĺétude des interactions agressives en milieu scolaire : conflits et modes de résolution des conflits". Paris 8, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA080906.
Texto completoThe autor of the following (the present) study intends to analyse the interactions in agressive behaviour among school children while at school. The analysis stresses signification given to agressive behaviour by the participants themselves as they see it (here and there). In this context i consider that the underlying interactions are significant factors. In fact, in social violence, three actors are usualley involved, the assailant, the victim and, often, a third person. Each of these actors views the situation differently, has his own prospect and strategy. They are all active participants in the construction as well as in the deconstruction of the situation one intention of this study is to analyse the interactions of signigicances and conflits brought forward by the confrontation of siffering definitions of the situation. This analyses brings you beyond the very moment when violent behaviour actually occurs. The agressive interaction is analysed within a larger context of conflictual interactions. The present approach ( multireferencial) is related to a number of references, its target is to multiply the points of view on this single subject
Kocharyan, Aram. "Gestion de la mémoire dans un environnement virtuel". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30089.
Texto completoThe increasing computation needs of modern applications led to the development of medium to large scale computer infrastructures. Cloud computing became a key solution for resource mutualization. More and more enterprises and scientific institutions set-up their own private cloud facilities. The key technology behind the development of these infrastructures is virtualization. Virtualized infrastructures bring many advantages for resource management, but resource optimization is still a challenge, for ensuring high hardware utilization and low waste. Server consolidation was introduced for optimizing such infrastructures. Its principle is to gather VMs on as less servers as possible, thus allowing unused servers to be suspended. However, consolidation strategies have to take into account many types of resource (CPU, memory, I/O) thus inducing a high complexity. Additionally, these resources may be fluctuating at runtime and consolidation relies on VM migration which is a heavy operation. Therefore, consolidations are performed infrequently. In this thesis, we propose the design of a memory management system which allows mutualizing memory between VMs. This system is orthogonal and complementary to consolidation. The first issue is to design a monitoring system that should track the working set of the VMs at runtime with low intrusiveness. The next important step is to reclaim unused memory from under-loaded VMs and finally grant it to over-loaded VMs to help them to overcome temporary memory difficulties. As a result, it is proposed a both local and global memory mutualization system which allows to monitor the working set size of each VM and to mutualize unused memory, either locally (with the VMs located on the same node) or globally (with the VMs located on neighbor nodes). The solution has been evaluated with modern HPC, data intensive benchmarks as well as scientific and Big Data (Apache Spark) applications. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of our design choices
Guillem-Lessard, Julien. "Gestion d'événements et d'interactions dans un environnement 3D /". Thèse, Trois-Rivières : Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2006. http://www.uqtr.ca/biblio/notice/resume/30000082R.pdf.
Texto completoGuillem-Lessard, Julien. "Gestion d'événements et d'interactions dans un environnement 3D". Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2006. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/1492/1/030000082.pdf.
Texto completoVinyamata, Camp Eduard. "Diplomàcia preventiva i resolució de conflictes". Perpignan, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PERP0230.
Texto completoGuyot, Sylvain. "L'environnement contesté : la territorialisation des conflits environnementaux sur le littoral du Kwazulu-natal (Afrique du Sud : Kosi Bay, St Lucia, Richards Bay et Port Shepstone)". Phd thesis, Université de Nanterre - Paris X, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00363411.
Texto completoMel, Meledje Raymond. "Emokr : systèmes de gestion des conflits chez les Odjukru, Côte-d'Ivoire". Paris, EHESS, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994EHES0046.
Texto completoEmokr, reconciliation, is among the odzukru a real judicial activity which connotes justice, negotiation, reaching consensus, conciliation. . . To bring about unity and peace. Indeed, in the odzukru society in past as today's communities animated by the same ideology (fraternity, unity), emokr again allow harmonious relationships that have been short-circuited, reunites and increases life, force, unity and peace. In order to arrive at this point of arbitration of conflicts, the seniors who generally preside, develop a sufficiently strong theory of powers which bring back the rebelles in order. However, today more than yesterday, the potential power of seniors is to test the disbelief of the modernism which creates a new era: era of contestations, of critiques, of thorny conflicts between social regions of villages of ivory-coast. The arbitration of seniors facing the methods of yesterday is rejected by upcoming generations. Consequently, the efficacy of emokr is limited, on par with conflicts, processes of reconciliation, results. Now the odzukru need the emokr always. So, if emokr is still necessary for odzukru, is it not worth while to modify, to enrich and to adapt it. Briefly, rendering it more effective and credible than not ?
Orillard, Magali. "Décisions de groupes : coalitions et auto-organisation : application aux processus de concertation et de négociation". Aix-Marseille 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987AIX32045.
Texto completoThe emergence of coalitions in a population and the nature of the decision processes in a complex socio-economic environment are studied. Players' motivations are diffuse, semantic codes are multiple, rationality is bounded. In the first part, from orders or preorders of preferences built by players on the goals sets (which come from the coding of their motivations) and from a pretopology-analysis of the population structure, we characterize "realizable coalitions", "maximal coalitions" under complete information and then under incomplete information. The dynamics of coalitions structures is generated by self-organization mechanisms which select potential alliances, and explains groups transformations as well as the evolution of players welfare and of the "opacity" about the perception of their preferences. In the second part, players are modelled with more active roles; the "meta-groups" formation is induced by "overcoding processes" (l. Sfez) which ease negotiation agreements, as well as the emergence of new projects and set up groups behaviour. All this characterizes the "meta-game" according to the negotiation processes and the search of acceptable compromises corresponding to the organization of the socio-economic strengths
Lévy-Tadjine, Thierry. "L'interaction entre jeu interne et jeu externe dans la dynamique de l'entreprise". Paris 9, 1994. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1994PA090001.
Texto completoAubry, Stéphane. "Annotations et gestion des connaissances en environnement virtuel collaboratif". Phd thesis, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00160513.
Texto completoNotre premier apport est la définition d'un modèle de l'annotation 3D, qui comporte trois parties : la forme, la spatialisation et les méta-données. Nous présentons en particulier les supports spécifiques de l'annotation 3D, l'ancre et le point de vue géométrique.
Nous proposons, afin de gérer le grand nombre d'annotations et l'absence d'ordre canonique de lecture d'un objet 3D, l'introduction d'une ontologie indexant les annotations.
A l'aide de notre environnement prototype, nous avons évalué l'influence de l'utilisation de l'ontologie sur la lecture des annotations 3D. Les résultats indiquent un apport de l'ontologie, les utilisateurs trouvant plus facilement l'information pertinente.