Tesis sobre el tema "Géométries linéaire et non-linéaire"
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Carbou, Gilles. "Problèmes d'analyse linéaire et non linéaire issus de la Physique et de la Géométrie". Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995DENS0007.
Texto completoTriki, Sami. "Analyse linéaire et non linéaire auto-adaptative des coques de révolution par éléments finis". Compiègne, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996COMPD953.
Texto completoCatoire, Fabrice. "Equation de Schrödinger non-linéaire dans le tore plat générique et le tore de révolution". Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA112370.
Texto completoLin-Shi, Xuefang. "Contribution à la modélisation et à la commande d'un vérin pneumatique de grande longueur". Lyon, INSA, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ISAL0093.
Texto completoThe aim of the thesis is related to the modelling and the controlling of a long pneumatic cylinder. For a long pneumatic cylinder each chamber may be considered as a distributed parameter system. The first chapter presents the establishment of three distributed parameter models. The first two models are intended to simulate the dynamic behaviour of the cylinder. The first model corresponds an adiabatic hypothesis. The second model assumes an isentropic process. The third model is obtained first by the linearisation and then by the introduction of the acoustic approximation. The second chapter presents the experimental and simulated results performed on a 4,4 meters long cylinder. In the third chapter a non linear state-affine control with variable dynamic and a non linear control of the cylinder are proposed. These control laws are based on a lumped parameter model. The fourth chapter is related to the structural property study of the tank-servo-valve-cylinder-load assembly based on a bond graphs representation. The representation is deduced from the TAU method approximation applied to the linearised distributed parameter system
Thomas-Moinet, Mireille. "Descriptions non cartésiennes et résolution de problèmes géométriques sous contraintes". Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ECAP1100.
Texto completoThis thesis an effective method to describe and solve in a declarative way geometrical problems defined by constraints. This method of description is omnipresent in CAD to define the shape of objects. To do it, we relied on works already realized in this domain, especially using non-Cartesian approaches. The first chapter makes the synthesis of the state of the art in declarative modelling of a geometric object. The second chapter deals with the chosen modelling : a non-cartesian approach based on a certain metric tensor perturbation. A format equation and an original resolution method are detailed as well as the algorithms implemented. Numerical examples illustrate the performance of the prototype developed. The third chapter proposes to enrich the previous approach using multivectors. New specifications for the user are available and in return, new types of equations must be a generated. Numerical applications of this multi-vectoriel modelling are done. Finally, in the last chapter, it is proposed to extend the tensor model to a model based on geometric algebra. This new tool and a solution allowing to represent objects and constraints with this language, are presented
Szopos, Marcela Gabriela. "Sur quelques questions de géométrie différentielle liées à la théorie des corps et des fils élastiques". Paris 6, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009754.
Texto completoSZOPOS, Marcela. "Sur quelques questions de géométrie différentielle liées à la théorie des corps et des fils élastiques". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009754.
Texto completoMardare, Sorin. "Sur quelques problèmes de géométrie différentielle liés à la théorie de l'élasticité". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00270549.
Texto completoDans les deux premiers chapitres, on montre que l'inégalité de Korn sur une surface est une conséquence de l'inégalité de Korn tridimensionnelle en coordonnées curvilignes et l'on établit une inégalité de type Korn sur une surface compacte sans bord. Dans le deux derniers chapitres, on établit certains résultats de géométrie différentielle concernant les espaces riemanniens et les surfaces sous des hypothèses affablies de régularité sur les données.
Dans l'appendice, on présente quelques résultats d'analyse utilisés dans la thèse.
Odry, Nans. "Méthode de décomposition de domaine avec parallélisme hybride et accélération non linéaire pour la résolution de l'équation du transport Sn en géométrie non-structurée". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4058/document.
Texto completoDeterministic calculation schemes are devised to numerically solve the neutron transport equation in nuclear reactors. Dealing with core-sized problems is very challenging for computers, so much that the dedicated core codes have no choice but to allow simplifying assumptions (assembly- then core-scale steps…). The PhD work aims to correct some of these ‘standard’ approximations, in order to get closer of reference calculations: thanks to important increases in calculation capacities (HPC), nowadays one can solve 3D core-sized problems, using both high mesh refinement and the transport operator. Developments were performed inside the Sn core solver Minaret, from the new CEA neutronics platform Apollo3® for fast neutrons reactors of the CFV-kind.This work focuses on a Domain Decomposition Method in space. The fundamental idea involves splitting a core-sized problem into smaller and 'independent' subproblems. Angular flux is exchanged between adjacent subdomains. In doing so, all combined subproblems converge to the global solution at the outcome of an iterative process. Domain decomposition is well-suited to massive parallelism, allowing much more ambitious computations in terms of both memory requirements and calculation time. An hybrid MPI/OpenMP parallelism is chosen to match the supercomputers architecture. A Coarse Mesh Rebalance accelration technique is added to balance the convergence penalty observed using Domain Decomposition. The potential of the new calculation scheme is demonstrated on a 3D core of the CFV-kind, using an heterogeneous description of the absorbent rods
Gilardet, Mathieu. "Étude d’algorithmes de restauration d’images sismiques par optimisation de forme non linéaire et application à la reconstruction sédimentaire". Thesis, Pau, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PAUU3040/document.
Texto completoWe present a new method for seismic image restoration. When observed, a seismic image is the result of an initial deposit system that has been transformed by a set of successive geological deformations (folding, fault slip, etc) that occurred over a large period of time. The goal of seismic restoration consists in inverting the deformations to provide a resulting image that depicts the geological deposit system as it was in a previous state. With our contribution, providing a tool that quickly generates restored images helps the geophysicists to recognize geological features that may be too strongly altered in the observed image. The proposed approach is based on a minimization process that expresses geological deformations in terms of geometrical constraints. We use a quickly-converging Gauss-Newton approach to solve the system. We provide results to illustrate the seismic image restoration process on real data and present how the restored version can be used in a geological interpretation framework
Lenain, Roland. "Amélioration des méthodes de calcul de cœurs de réacteurs nucléaires dans APOLLO3 : décomposition de domaine en théorie du transport pour des géométries 2D et 3D avec une accélération non linéaire par la diffusion". Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA112180/document.
Texto completoThis thesis is devoted to the implementation of a domain decomposition method applied to the neutron transport equation. The objective of this work is to access high-fidelity deterministic solutions to properly handle heterogeneities located in nuclear reactor cores, for problems’ size ranging from colorsets of assemblies to large reactor cores configurations in 2D and 3D. The innovative algorithm developed during the thesis intends to optimize the use of parallelism and memory. The approach also aims to minimize the influence of the parallel implementation on the performances. These goals match the needs of APOLLO3 project, developed at CEA and supported by EDF and AREVA, which must be a portable code (no optimization on a specific architecture) in order to achieve best estimate modeling with resources ranging from personal computer to compute cluster available for engineers analyses. The proposed algorithm is a Parallel Multigroup-Block Jacobi one. Each subdomain is considered as a multi-group fixed-source problem with volume-sources (fission) and surface-sources (interface flux between the subdomains). The multi-group problem is solved in each subdomain and a single communication of the interface flux is required at each power iteration. The spectral radius of the resolution algorithm is made similar to the one of a classical resolution algorithm with a nonlinear diffusion acceleration method: the well-known Coarse Mesh Finite Difference. In this way an ideal scalability is achievable when the calculation is parallelized. The memory organization, taking advantage of shared memory parallelism, optimizes the resources by avoiding redundant copies of the data shared between the subdomains. Distributed memory architectures are made available by a hybrid parallel method that combines both paradigms of shared memory parallelism and distributed memory parallelism. For large problems, these architectures provide a greater number of processors and the amount of memory required for high-fidelity modeling. Thus, we have completed several modeling exercises to demonstrate the potential of the method: 2D full core calculation of a large pressurized water reactor and 3D colorsets of assemblies taking into account the constraints of space and energy discretization expected for high-fidelity modeling
Deudé, Vincent. "Non linéarités géométriques et physiques dans les milieux poreux : apport des méthodes de changement d'échelle". Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005680.
Texto completoDeux échelles d'espace doivent donc être considérées. L'une microscopique concerne la modélisation mécanique du matériau, tandis que l'autre macroscopique, implique la résolution d'un problème aux limites posé sur une structure.
Dans le cadre de l'élasticité infinitésimale, l'approche micromécanique, d'abord utilisée pour retrouver les équations de la poroélasticité linéaire, permet d'explorer le domaine non linéaire lié à l'existence d'une microfissuration de la roche. Un lien quantitatif est alors établi entre l'état de microfissuration et la non linéarité observée expérimentalement. Ces considérations sont appliquées au problème d'un réservoir en récupération primaire.
Lors de la formation d'un bassin sédimentaire, les grandes déformations subies par une particule élémentaire de milieux poreux au cours de son enfouissement induisent une évolution irréversible de la morphologie microstructurale. Partant du comportement mécanique en transformations finies d'un matériau monophasique, les outils de la micromécanique sont à nouveau utilisés pour examiner successivement l'effet des changements de morphologie sur l'évolution des caractéristiques élastiques et du module d'écrouissage. Il en découle une formulation du comportement poroélastoplastique en transformation finie intégrant le couplage entre le chargement macroscopique appliqué et l'effet sur la microsctructure. En utilisant cette loi, on obtient des solutions analytiques qui simulent le processus de formation d'un bassin sédimentaire, nous permettant d'examiner l'effet de l'évolution des propriétés élastiques et plastiques sur la loi de compaction et de profil des contraintes.
Guédra, Matthieu. "Etudes semi-analytiques des conditions de déclenchement et de saturation des auto-oscillations dans des moteurs thermoacoustiques de géométries diverses". Phd thesis, Université du Maine, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00821108.
Texto completoHamma, Juba. "Modélisation par la méthode des champs de phase du maclage mécanique dans des alliages de titane β-métastables". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS381.
Texto completoBeta-metastable titanium alloys exhibit remarkable mechanical properties at room temperature, linked to the microstructure evolution under stress. A specific deformation mode plays an essential role: the {332}<11-3> twinning system. This thesis work thus concerns a modeling, by the phase field method, of {332} twin variants evolution under stress. The first part is devoted to an Allen-Cahn type phase field model with an elasticity taken into account in a geometrically linear formalism. This model is used with an isotropic or anisotropic interface energy in order to study the influence of the latter on the growth of twin variants. The role of an elasticity formulated in finite strain is then discussed and gives rise to the second part of this work. A mechanical equilibrium solver formulated in the geometrically non-linear formalism using a spectral method is then set up and validated. It is then used in the development of an Allen-Cahn type phase field model considering a geometrically non-linear elasticity. We then proceed to a fine comparative study of the microstructures obtained in linear and non-linear geometries. The results show a major difference between the microstructures obtained in the two elastic frameworks, concluding on the need for elasticity in finite strain formalism to reproduce the twin microstructures observed experimentally. Finally, we present a prospective study of a more general phase field formalism than the previous ones, based on a Lagrange reduction method, which would allow to fully take into account the reconstructive character of twinning and the hierarchical nature of the microstructures observed experimentally
Arsigny, Vincent. "Traitement de données dans les groupes de Lie : une approche algébrique. Application au recalage non-linéaire et à l'imagerie du tenseur de diffusion". Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00121162.
Texto completoStrutynski, Clément. "Fibres tellurites pour sources supercontinuum infrarouges : gestion des profils opto-géométriques et des absorptions extrinsèques". Thesis, Dijon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016DIJOS061/document.
Texto completoThis PhD thesis work focuses on the synthesis and purification of vitreous materials used for the development of waveguides with varied profiles, dedicated to supercontinuum (SC) generation between 1 and 5 μm.Concerning the purification of tellurite glasses, several leads were followed, but best results are obtained for the purification of the TeO2-ZnO-Na2O glassy system by the means of zinc fluoride. Attenuation measurements performed on several meter-long single-index fiber samples reveal the nearly complete elimination of water-related absorptions between 3 and 4 μm (OH ions concentration lower than 1 ppm mass.). Such water-purified glasses were firstly dedicated to microstructured optical fibers (MOFs) fabrication for SC generation. Spectral broadening between 0.6 and 3.3 μm is obtained in a suspended-core taper. Moreover, a compact source based on supercontinuum generation in tellurite MOFs is developed for a gas detection application in the 2-3 μm domain. However an aging process, due to water contamination and leading to the apparition of additional optical losses between 3 and 4 μm, has been identified in those suspended-core fibers. In order to avoid such transmission degradation, all-solid step-index fibers are developed. The preforms fabrication method, which combines the built-in casting and the rod-in-tube, is adapted to the purification techniques. An all-solid small-core waveguide made from purified TNaGZ and TZNF glasses is fabricated and moreover used for spectral broadening experiments in different dispersion regimes
Hinojosa, Rehbein Jorge Andrés. "Sur la robustesse d'une méthode de décomposition de domaine mixte avec relocalisation non linéaire pour le traitement des instabilités géométriques dans les grandes structures raidies". Thesis, Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012DENS0010/document.
Texto completoThe thesis work focus on the evaluation and the robustness of adapted strategies for the simulation of large structures with not equitably distributed nonlinearities, like local buckling, and global nonlinearities on aeronautical structures. The nonlinear relocalization strategy allows the introduction of nonlinear solving schemes in the sub-structures of the classical domain decomposition methods.At a first step, the performances and the robustness of the method are analysed on academic examples. Then, the strategy is parallelized and studies of speed-up and extensibility are carried out. Finally, the method is tested on larger and more realistic structures
Huangfu, Yigeng. "La recherche de systèmes nonlinéaires de contrôle de mode glissant à Ordre Supérieur et ses applications pour la MSAP". Belfort-Montbéliard, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00608229/fr/.
Texto completoNonlinear system control has been widely concern of the research. At present, the nonlinear system decoupling control and static feedback linearization that based on the theory of differential geometry brought the research getting rid of limitation for local linearization and small scale motion. However, differential geometry control must depend on precise mathematical model. As a matter of fact, the control system usually is with parameters uncertainties and output disturbance. In this thesis, nonlinear system of control theory has been studied deeply. Considering sliding mode variable structure control with good robust, which was not sensitive for parameters perturbation and external disturbance, the combination idea of nonlinear system and sliding mode controls was obtained by reference to the large number of documents. Thus, it not only can improve system robustness but solve the difficulties problem of nonlinear sliding mode surface structure. As known to all, traditional sliding mode had a defect that is famous chattering phenomenon. A plenty of research papers focus on elimination/avoidance chattering by using different methods. By comparing, the document is concerned with novel design method for high order sliding mode control, which can eliminate chattering fundamentally. Especially, the approach and realization of nonlinear system high order sliding mode control is presented in this paper. High order sliding mode technique is the latest study. This thesis from the theory analysis to the simulation and experiment deeply study high order sliding mode control principle and its applications. By comparison, the second order sliding mode control law (also known as dynamic sliding mode control, DSM) may be effective to eliminate the chattering phenomenon. But it is still unable to shake off the requirement of system relative degree. Therefore, arbitrary order sliding mode controller is employed, whose relative degree can equal any values instead of one. The robot car model adopted high order sliding mode is taken as an example. The simulation results show that the tracking control is effective. In the control systems design, it is very often to differentiate the variables. Through the derivation of sliding mode, the expression of sliding mode differential value is obtained. The simulation results certificate sliding mode differentiator with robustness and precision. At the same time, the differentiator for arbitrary sliding mode is given to avoiding conventional complex numerical calculation. It not only remains the precision of variables differential value, but also obtains the robustness. A direct application is simplification for high order sliding mode controller. Due to its inherent advantages, the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) deserves attention and is the most used drive in machine tool servos and modern speed control applications. For improving performance, this paper will applied nonlinear high order sliding mode research achievement to MIMO permanent magnet synchronous motor. It changes the coupling nonlinear PMSM to single input single output (SISO) linear subsystem control problem instead of near equilibrium point linearization. Thereby, the problem of nonlinear and coupling for PMSM has been solved. In addition, Uncertainty nonlinear robust control system has been well-received study of attention. Because the robust control theory is essentially at the expense of certain performance. This kind of robust control strategy often limits bandwidth of closed loop, so that system tracking performance and robustness will be decreased. So, sliding mode control is an effective approach for improving system robust. This thesis first proposed a robust high order sliding mode controller for PMSM. The system has good position servo tracking precision in spite of parameters uncertainties and external torque disturbance. On this basis, According to the principle of high order sliding mode, as well as differentiator, the state variables of PMSM are identified online firstly and successfully. The results of simulation indicate observe value has high precision when sliding mode variable and its differentials are convergent into zero. The same theory is used in external unknown torque disturbance estimation online for PMSM. As if, load torque will no longer be unknown disturbance. System performance can be improved greatly. It establishes theoretical foundation for the future applications. At the end of paper, using advanced half-physical platform controller dSPACE to drive a PMSM, hardware experiment implement is structured completely. The experiment results illustrate that PMSM adopting precious feedback linearization decoupling and high order sliding mode controller can realize system servo tracking control with good dynamic and steady character
Moumas, Valérie. "Application des méthodes intégrales pour l'évaluation de la performance des puits horizontaux dans un réservoir stratifié à géométrie quelconque". Compiègne, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003COMP1465.
Texto completoBoundary integral methods make it possible to overcome the scale difference between the size of the reservoir (several kilometers) and the radius of the weIl (less than 15 cm). They have recently been used in petroleum engineering, but they were limited to 2D problems, and the weIl was modelled like a source term. Here we propose a new boundary integral method to evaluate weIl performance in a 3D stratified reservoir with arbitrary geometry. The flow in the weIl is modelled using one of two boundary conditions, the first one linear, the second one non-linear and non-local. We have proved that both models are well-posed, and we have developed a new boundary integr al formulation to treat the linear mode!. Boundary integral equations have been discretized by a Galerkin method, and integrals on the weIl have been reduced to ID integrals, thanks to the scale difference. WeIl productivity index can be calculated by our new method with a precision of 1%
MOUMAS, Valérie. "Application des méthodes intégrales pour l'évaluation de la performance des puits horizontaux dans un réservoir stratifié à géométrie quelconque". Phd thesis, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004274.
Texto completoNaceur, Hakim. "Contribution à l'optimisation de forme de structures minces en présence de non linéarités géométriques et matérielles". Compiègne, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1999COMP1137.
Texto completoJossic, Marguerite. "Contrôle actif et non-linéarités géométriques : le cas du gong xiaoluo". Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066569/document.
Texto completoAt a crossroads between automatics, mechanics and musical acoustics, active control of musical instruments aims at finding methods which would allow to control their acoustic sound in real time. Previous instrumental control studies never acknowledged nonlinear behaviours in musical instruments. However, Chinese opera gongs show various phenomena due to geometrical nonlinearities, among which a specific pitch glide, impacting several of its vibration modes. We propose to address the control of these instruments by reaching three consecutive steps. First, the performances and the limits of modern modal control regarding nonlinear phenomena in the behavior of the gong (harmonic distortion, internal resonances, pitch glide) are highlighted and quantified. The limitations of modal control suggests the development of a reduced order model describing the fundamental mode of the instrument. The nonlinear mode associated with the fundamental mode is characterized and identified experimentally by a method resorting to a Phase Locked Loop (PLL). Finally, the limits of the unimodal approximation describing the fundamental mode in playing condition are highlighted. The interaction between internal resonances and pitch glide phenomena is demonstrated experimentally in free vibration, allowing for the developing of a reduced order model to describe the fundamental mode of the instrument
Dervaux, Julien. "Morphogénèse et élasticité en géométrie mince". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00544143.
Texto completoMondelain, Didier. "Lidar linéaire et non linéaire dans l'infrarouge moyen". Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00396346.
Texto completoUne méthode originale, à une longueur d'onde, a été développée. Elle est basée sur l'impaction et l'étude de filtres permettant d'obtenir des informations complémentaires sur la distribution de taille des aérosols et sur leur composition. Les résultats, obtenus dans l'UV montrent que la distribution a un mode pour les petites tailles (~100 nm) et un mode pour les particules plus grosses (~1 μm). Notre lidar a aussi permis de mesurer la concentration en aérosols, l'évolution et la stratification de la couche limite. Mais cette méthode reste lourde à cause de l'étude des filtres et utilise comme hypothèse forte que l'atmosphère est homogène verticalement.
Pour distinguer entre les modes des particules et obtenir un diagnostique « tout-optique », nous avons étendu dans l'IR, plus sensible aux aérosols de la taille du micron, le système lidar UV existant, plus sensible aux petites tailles.
Cette extension est basée sur des oscillateurs paramétriques optiques (OPO). Les différents cristaux susceptibles de produire efficacement de l'IR moyen ont été testés. Ces cristaux sont le KTiOPO4, le KTiAsO4 et le KNbO3. Puis, un de ces OPO a été implanté dans notre système lidar. Les mesures lidar préliminaires de concentration dans l'IR, ont été obtenues pour des gouttelettes d'eau lors d'un épisode de brume. Parallèlement aux systèmes lidar linéaires précédents, un projet de lidar non-linéaire (projet Teramobile), a vu le jour. Une source de lumière blanche provenant des filaments, générés dans l'air lors de la propagation d'un faisceau laser térawatt, est utilisée pour faire du lidar aérosols multispectral. Avec cette source allant de l'UV à l'IR moyen, des mesures de concentration en aérosols seront possibles sans aucune hypothèse a priori contrairement aux méthodes précédentes.
Foulon, Michel-François. "Métamatériaux térahertz en régime linéaire et non linéaire". Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10121/document.
Texto completoArtificial materials so called «metamaterials» are studied theoretically and characterized at few hundred of GigaHetrz frequencies. Frequencial and temporal (electro-optic) methods are used to prove their left handed behaviour. For this study, two approaches have been considered : - the first one is based on the fabrication of micro-resonators and metallic wires arrays aiming at operating at 100 GHz. An experimental evidence of a left handed dispersion branch is then made from vectorial analysis. - the second approach takes profit of phase advance effects that can be obtained from a transmission line periodically loaded with a series capacitance and a parallel inductance. The specificity of this study is a coherent time domain approach that allows us to directly visualize a phase advance and the corresponding left handed behaviour. Those results are confirmed by the calculations of Fourier transforms up to 1 TeraHertz. Non linear properties of those circuits are then studied by introducing a non linearity by the mean of a Heterostructure Barrier Varactor component. The extension of this study to the non linear regime is treated via the dynamic characterization of this component. Finally, two types of non linear regimes are studied for a left handed transmission line loaded with HBV diodes with respectively harmonic generation and parametric amplification
Ngo, Duc Duy. "Optique non-linéaire et équation des ondes non-linéaire semi-classique". Nice, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NICE4074.
Texto completoKasparian, Jérôme. "ÉTUDE DE SPECTROSCOPIE LINÉAIRE ET NON-LINÉAIRE D'AÉROSOLS ATMOSPHÉRIQUES". Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 1997. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011446.
Texto completoLe premier axe est la mesure quantitative des aérosols urbains au-dessus de Lyon par une nouvelle méthode combinant la télédétection optique par lidar et l'analyse de particules prélevées par impaction sur des filtres classiques. La composition et la distribution de taille des aérosols prélevés sont déterminés par microscopie optique et microanalyse. Ces informations servent à calculer les coefficients d'extinction et de rétrodiffusion grâce à un algorithme dont la particularité est de prendre en compte la nature fractale des plus petites particules.
Ce calcul permet de calibrer l'inversion du signal Lidar. Cette méthode combine ainsi la richesse des informations issues des filtres avec la souplesse du lidar qui donne accès à la dynamique spatiale et temporelle de la concentration globale des aérosols. Simultanément, une étude épidémiologique est effectuée sur l'exposition de volontaires aux aérosols, au travers d'une collaboration avec de Département d'Écologie Urbaine de la Ville de Lyon.
Parallèlement, en vue de mesurer l'efficacité des processus chimiques hétérogènes à la surface des aérosols, nous développons une enceinte de simulation permettant d'étudier une particule isolée. Dans ce but, nous avons mis au point des méthodes d'analyse optique non-destructive des particules, piégées dans un champ électrique. Nous mesurons leur taille à partir de la figure de diffusion de Mie, leur composition par spectroscopie micro-Raman, et leurs paramètres optiques utiles à l'inversion des signaux lidar grâce à une sphère intégratrice.
Enfin, les gouttes sphériques microscopiques se comportent comme des microcavités qui amplifient considérablement les processus optiques non-linéaires. Dans le but de développer de nouvelles techniques de détection, nous avons étudié la diffusion non-linéaire par des gouttes d'eau dont le rayon est de quelques dizaines de microns, et en particulier la génération de troisième harmonique pompée par un laser à impulsions ultrabrèves. La distribution angulaire correspondante est considérablement plus simple que celle de la diffusion de Mie linéaire, et dépend peu de la taille des gouttes. Par ailleurs, nos résultats suggèrent que les longueurs relatives de l'impulsion et de la cavité pourraient avoir une importance capitale dans la génération des processus stimulés. Ceci nous conduit à envisager un lidar non-linéaire qui serait sélectivement sensible aux particules de petites tailles.
Hervé, Benjamin. "Crissement d'embrayage : Analyses linéaire, non-linéaire et étude expérimentale". Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ECDL0005.
Texto completoIn cars with manual transmission, squeal noise may be observed, among other unforced vibrations, during the sliding phase of the clutch engagement. It may arise even when the friction coefficient is almost constant. Consequently, friction-induced mode coupling instabilities due to the intrinsic structure of the system is assumed to be responsible for this phenomenon. The present thesis deals with the analysis of the conditions for a destabilization of the stationary sliding state and the resulting rise of vibrations in clutches due to such a mechanism. A phenomenological model is proposed in order to illustrate such a behaviour. Both linear and non-linear parametric investigations are performed in order to highlight the interaction between fundamental actions including circulatory, gyroscopic and damping actions. Important results are exposed, especially regarding the effect of the damping structure. They lead to a better understanding of the dynamic of systems subject to flutter instabilities. In particular, the destabilization paradox and a dynamical extension which can be proposed are exposed. In the meanwhile, a dedicated test bench has been designed in order to perform detailed in situ analysis of the phenomenon. The proposed model and the identified dynamic show a good qualitative correspondance. Moreover, an experimental parametric study reveals dependencies of the clutch squeal noise phenomenon to some major working conditions, such as driving speed, transmitted torque and engaged gearbox ratio. Most of the theoretical results are expressed in a non-dimensional form. Thus, they can be applied to a large variety of models and mechanical systems
Kasparian, Jérôme. "Etude de spectroscopie linéaire et non-linéaire d'aérosols atmosphériques". Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO10132.
Texto completoSacchet, Delphine. "Tomographie par cohérence optique plein champ linéaire et non linéaire". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00519355.
Texto completoEl, Harfouch Yara. "Optique linéaire et non linéaire de films de nano particules métalliques". Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00877726.
Texto completoBaldesi, Gianluigi. "Modélisation, commande et simulation des lanceurs : du linéaire au non linéaire". Toulouse, ISAE, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ESAE0002.
Texto completoXiang, Yan. "Un modèle de plaque en élasticité linéaire et non linéaire : convergence du développement asymptotique de la plaque élastique non linéaire". Paris 6, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA066519.
Texto completoDellinger, Marie. "Etude asymptotique et multiplicité pour l'équation de Sobolev Poincaré". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00261595.
Texto completoon considère une edp elliptique non linéaire à exposant critique particulière : l'équation de Sobolev Poincaré. D'une part, nous décrivons le comportement asymptotique d'une suite de solutions de cette équation grâce à une analyse fine de phénomènes de concentration. D'autre part, en imposant des invariances par des groupes d'isométries, nous montrons des résultats de multiplicité de solutions pour cette équation. Notre méthode permet aussi d'obtenir des multiplicités de solutions pour des équations plus classiques provenant du problème deYamabe et de Nirenberg, ainsi que
pour des équations à exposants sur critiques. Notre travail est intimement lié à la description des meilleures constantes dans des inégalités fonctionnelles de Sobolev associées aux équations.
Oulidi, Abderrahim. "Estimation fonctionnelle et poursuite non linéaire". Paris 13, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA132011.
Texto completoMytskaniuk, Vasyl Iuriyovych. "Endoscopie non-linéaire : instrumentation et applications". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0553/document.
Texto completoWe present the development of a fiber-based, scanning-tip endoscope for nonlinear imaging. The flexible endoscope developed in the framework of this thesis, has an outer diameter of 2.2 mm. The innovation of the technology lies in its high scanning speed (8 frames/second) and large field-of-view (FOV>300 microns). The miniaturized endoscope enables high resolution coherent anti-Stokes Raman (CARS), 2photon fluorescence and second harmonic generation (SHG) imaging contrasts. We show the potential of the endoscope to image different biological samples and specimens with and without endogenous labeling. We have obtained CARS images of fresh, label-free human colon ex-vivo and SHG images of collagen from rat tail tendon. Finally, we managed to perform in-vivo imaging of calcium flow indicators from hippocampal neurons labeled with Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP). We are convinced that this imaging device will have a strong impact on biomedical imaging
Bouhal, Abderrahim. "Contribution à la commande linéaire et non linéaire adaptative des systèmes électropneumatiques". Lyon, INSA, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ISAL0045.
Texto completoThe increasing use of electro-pneumatic components and actuators in different industrial fields, involving sometimes non specialist operators, requires the improvement of these components and an ability to auto adjust to different operating conditions. To answer to these needs, in the case of pressure regulation components and electro-pneumatic servo-drives, we have taken advantage of the potentialities of linear and non-linear adaptive control. In the first chapter, after recalling of the principal results concerning the modellisation of these systems, we have presented a simulation model and proposed a succession of simplifications leading to the models generally used in the field. The second chapter is dedicated to a didactic presentation of the theoretical aspects. It particularly concerns, the stability, the on-line estimation algorithms and the presentation of linear and non-linear adaptive methods. The third chapter describes, for an electro-pneumatic pressure control system, the application of the adaptive version of the pole placement, of the GPC and of the feedback input-output linearisation. In the last chapter we have described, for an electro-pneumatic servo drive, the implementation of non-adaptive, direct adaptive, indirect adaptive and hybrid indirect adaptive versions of the linearisation feedback controller. With regard to the experimental results obtained in the two last chapters, we can conclude that the exploitation of the adaptive techniques have enabled us to accurately respond to the two objectives fixed
Dutin, Frédéric. "Spectroscopie linéaire et non-linéaire de polymères conducteurs dans le domaine térahertz". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0022.
Texto completoThis thesis project aims to study transport mechanisms in conducting polymers PEDOT/PSS and PEDOT/PSTFSIK in the terahertz (THz) domain. These two polymers come from LCPO laboratory.First of all, we studied intrinsics properties of these materials in the THz domain with a THz-TDS experiment. This drove us to show that their transmission is quasi-constant in the THz domain and that the intrinsic conductivity is larger for PEDOT/PSS than PEDOT/PSTFSIK. This last result has been obtained by using two differents fitting models of conduction. The first model, so-called Drude-Smith model, extend the Drude model by adding a trap parameter. It also possess only few fitting parameters. The second one, the Dyre model, take into account of the grain structure of polymers. Nevertheless, it has several fitting parameters. We obtained a direct current conductivity of polymers that is in excellent agreement with LCPO measurements.Among these, we caracterized the behavior of PEDOT/PSS and PEDOT/PSTFSIK under a femtosecond pulse centered in the bipolaronic band. We also have the THz pulse. By using Drude-Smith and Dyre models, we were able to study the change of conductivity induced by the femtosecond pulse in the THz domain. In this case, we supposed that fitting parameters have to be a function of the delay between the femtosecond pulse and the THz pulse.Finally, by studying PEDOT/PSS and PEDOT/PSTFSIK responses for differents pump intensity in a full optic experiment, where we pumped on the bipolaronic band and probed on the polaronic band, we were be able to give a possible scenario for the impact of the optical pump in these materials
Champagne, Jonathan. "Modélisation physique du comportement mécanique linéaire et non-linéaire des élastomères renforcés". Thesis, Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPSLM043.
Texto completoThe addition of fillers into a polymer matrix, such as nano-silica into silicone rubbers, brings an outstanding enhancement in the mechanical properties (stiffness, hysteresis, ultimate strength,...). In return, many dependencies or nonlinearities appear in the mechanical behaviour which do not exist in the pure rubber. The relation between the microstructure and the macroscopic mechanical properties is not yet clearly understood.Thus, we start with the development of a stochastic model describing the linear mechanical response of filled rubbers. This model is based on the glassy bridges theory. The typical microstructure of the system is composed by a bridges lengths and orientations distribution, i.e. confined polymer chains between aggregates. The local mechanical response of a single bridge can be glassy or rubbery depending on the confinement degree, the temperature and the strain amplitude. The macroscopic mechanical properties of the distribution are calculated by the mean of a self-consistent homogenization. For all our materials, the bridges distribution has been identified based on the linear mechanical reinforcement measurements.The stochastic model also provides the physical origin of the pressure-temperature superposition highlighted on the stiffness. The temperature makes the glassy bridges disappear (softening) while the pressure creates new ones (hardening). The glassy bridges theory allows us to suggest a new pressure-temperature superposition law for filled elastomers.Then, we show that the theory is also capable, to a first approximation, to describe the nonlinear mechanical properties (Payne effect) of our samples. Finally, we implement the constitutive equations of a macroscopique behaviour into a finite element software. Although the thermodynamical framework is standard, the material parameters are given by responses surfaces which are identified based on the stochastic model
Ibrahim, Ali. "Microscopie linéaire et non linéaire pour étude de stress chez les copépodes". Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10209.
Texto completoCopepods are small crustaceans with length about 1mm in adult stage. Their responses to different external strain factors such as salinity and temperature can be observed at different scales from genes to organism (individual). Until now, no observation of the effects of temperature or salinity stresses on copepods has been done by light microscopy In this work we exploited optical imaging techniques and specifically nonlinear microscopy linear and nonlinear. First of all CLSM (Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy) allow studying, characterisation and quantifying stress effect applied on calanoid Pseudodiaptomus marinus copepod maintained during several generations in the laboratory at favorable and stable condition of salinity (30 psu) and temperature (18° C). These stresses applied were: a sharp decrease in temperature (18 to 4°C), a moderate and a major decrease in salinity (from 30 respectively to 15 psu and 0 psu), and finally a mixed stress with a decrease both in temperature and salinity (from 18°C and 30 psu to 4°C and 0 psu). Our observations are concentrated on copepod muscles regions.This study has been completed with SHG/TPEF techniques to answer some questions about stripes disappearance. This technique was followed by Fourier transformation (FFT) applied on the stripes muscles profiles to more understanding about stripes situations in each stress. Finally, we applied CARS microscopy which was developed in our laboratory to image these samples. With this technique we were able to identify these muscles stripes and also lipid reserves
Richard, Édouard. "De la commande linéaire et non linéaire en position des systèmes électropneumatiques". Lyon, INSA, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ISAL0010.
Texto completoHarrivel, Dikanaina. "Théorie des champs : approche multisymplectique de la quantification, théorie perturbative et application". Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011761.
Texto completoNous nous interessons tout d'abord à l'équation linéaire et nous proposons une description multisymplectique de la quantification canonique par le biais d'une representation des symétries, de la quantification par deformation et enfin nous introduisons la notion de quatification par déformation multisymplectique.
Ensuite nous traitons le champ en interaction. Nous construisons dans un premier temps des observables sous la forme de séries sur les arbres plans puis nous montrons comment elles peuvent être reliées aux séries de Butcher. Enfin nous voyons comment appliquer nos résultats à la théorie du contrôle.
Usnich, Alexandr. "Sur le groupe de Cremona et ses sous-groupes". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00812808.
Texto completoDimi, Jean-Luc. "La régression minimax non linéaire". Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066339.
Texto completoRaynaud, Jean-Louis. "Exploitation simultanée des données spatiales et fréquentielles dans l'identification modale linéaire et non-linéaire". Besançon, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1987BESA2013.
Texto completoThéra, Michel A. "Contributions à l'analyse non linéaire". Paris 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA010058.
Texto completoAubert, Clément. "Logique linéaire et classes de complexité sous-polynominales". Paris 13, 2013. https://theses.hal.science/tel-00957653.
Texto completoCette recherche en informatique théorique construit de nouveaux ponts entre logique linéaire et théorie de la complexité. Elle propose deux modèles de machines abstraites qui permettent de capturer de nouvelles classes de complexité avec la logique linéaire, les classes des problèmes efficacement parallélisables (NC et AC) et celle des problèmes solutionnables avec peu d’espace, dans ses versions déterministes et non-déterministes (L et NL). La représentation des preuves de la logique linéaire comme réseaux de preuves est employée pour représenter efficacement le calcul parallèle des circuits booléens, y compris à profondeur constante. La seconde étude s’inspire de la géométrie de l’interaction, une délicate reconstruction de la logique linéaire à l’aide d’opérateurs d’une algèbre de von Neumann. Nous détaillons comment l’interaction d’opérateurs représentant des entiers et d’opérateurs représentant des programmes peut être reconnue nilpotente en espace logarithmique. Nous montrons ensuite comment leur itération représente un calcul effectué par des machines à pointeurs que nous définissons et que nous rattachons à d’autres modèles plus classiques. Ces deux études permettent de capturer de façon implicite de nouvelles classes de complexité, en dessous du temps polynomial
Dinh, Anh Tuan. "Comportement élastique linéaire et non-linéaire du bois en relation avec sa structure". Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00720245.
Texto completoGuenfoud, Mohammed. "Deux éléments triangulaires nouveaux pour l'analyse linéaire et non linéaire géométrique des coques". Lyon, INSA, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ISAL0088.
Texto completo[The construction of a simple and effective numerical model for curved structures is an important and continually up-dated subject. The work developed in this domain is related to two principal difficulties. * The geometrical hypothesis adopted in the shell theory (shallows shell or deep shell theory). * The kinematic hypothesis adopted in the strain-displacement relations. The elements developed in this paper are based on the curvilinear shell theory proposed by PARK and on the HENCKY - MINDLIN's kinematic hypothesis. Generally, two problems are encountered during the modelling of the co curved structures. The first problem is the geometrical representation of the structure, solved by realizing a simple geometrical approximation. The second is the membrane and transverse shear locking phenomenon. The most generally used solutions for treating the locking phenomenon are the method of reduced integration and the mode decomposition technique. However, these solutions remain curative and lead many problems either with their limited field or of a numerical nature. These difficulties led to a new. Method based on the approach of PARK which constitutes a preventive solution: indeed this approach is based in the avoidance of these problems before they appear. Two shell elements based on this approach are formulated. The first element is a three nodes linear triangular element and the second one is a six nodes quadratic triangular element. ]
Le, Dret Hervé. "Contributions à l'étude de quelques problèmes issus de l'élasticité linéaire et non linéaire". Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066352.
Texto completoIn the first part, the behavior of incompressible materials is considered. The form of their constitutive law is precised and local existence theorems are proved. Then, slightly compressible materials are studied, the deformations and stresses of which are shown to converge. Next, the structure of the set of admissible loads is used to derive existence theorems for the nonlinear traction problem and nonexistence for the linear traction problem. In the second part, nonlinear rod models are derived from three-dimensional elasticity via asymptotic expansions. These models are further studied. In the third part, junction models for 3d-2d, 2d-2d and 1d-1d structures are established by passing to the limit in three-dimensional elasticity. Finally, a counter-example relavant to the homogenization of laminates is described in the fourth part