Tesis sobre el tema "Géomatériaux – Propriétés mécaniques – Fissuration"
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Bikong, Christian. "Etude micromécanique de l’endommagement anisotrope des géomatériaux hétérogènes". Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10171/document.
Texto completoTo guarantee the performance and safety of a deep underground reposal for nuclear wastes, the long-term behavior of the rock host must be characterized. Generally the heterogeneity of the rock highly affects his properties. Therefore the long-term analysis of the rock behavior under different coupled loading conditions must be made for a heterogeneous material. From the experimental observations, microcracks growth plays an important role on the rock deformation. The objective of this thesis is to study, in the field of micromechanics, the induced anisotropic damage behavior of the Callovo-oxfordian claystone. We put for this study an emphasis on the delayed induced damage by subcritical crack growth. To take in to account the complex microstructure of the heterogeneous rock, the macroscopic nonlinear mechanic behavior is derived by nonlinear homogenization with multiple steps of separated scales. Firstly a model is built for the delayed anisotropic damage for the case of open microcrack and frictionless microcrack. Then a full study is performed for the instantaneous damage and delayed damage in the case of close microcracks with sliding friction. We take advantage of the frame of thermodynamics of irreversible process, for the writing of criterion and evolution law of the damage variables and the inelastic strain. Following the capacity analysis of all our built-model, a first validation is made by comparison with experimental data
Antczak, Emmanuel. "Identification par impédance thermique : application à la caractérisation des géomatériaux". Artois, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ARTO0001.
Texto completoIbrahim, Nidal. "Caractérisation des propriétés mécaniques des géomatériaux par technique de micro indentation". Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10048/document.
Texto completoThe technology of micro indentation is one of the techniques ofmateriaJ characterization (by using small specimens) in various fields (mechanical engineering, civil engineering, oil industry, and pharmaceutical industry). Its main advantage lies in a certain number of practical requirements as regards the solution to the problem of small specimens. The present study is devoted the characterization of the mechanical properties of geomaterials, especially rocks involved in petroleum engineering. After having presented the methodology of the indentation test for isotropic rocks, we developed a semi-analytical method based on the use of Green function to characterize transverse isotropic rocks (five elastic parameters of these rocks). The influence of the various loadings (mechanical, thermal, hydrous) on the rock mechanics properties was studied by using the technology of micro indentation and the methodology proposed for isotropic transverse were used. Moreover, we characterize the failure parameters (C and f) by a combined approach of the indentation test and a test of micro compression (MCS) carried out the indentation device. Finally, we use inverse analysis in order to identify the parameters of a Drucker Prager mode!. ln the absence of a direct solution of the problem of indentation (in plastic regime), we had recourse to a numerical modelling by a finite element code (ABAQUS) to determine the calculated curve of indentation. This determination appeared completely convincing and moreover was validated by a simulation of triaxial compression tests on the same material
Chazallon, Cyrille. "Modélisation du comportement mécanique de géomatériaux cimentés". Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ECAP0517.
Texto completoOugier-Simonin, Audrey. "Propriétés mécaniques et de transport des verres fissurés". Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA077187.
Texto completoGlass is an ideal elastic-brittle material. Although cracking in glass has been much investigated, going back to the pioneer work of Griffith, investigations under confining pressure have not been done so far. Besides, as glass results of the solidification of variable fused silicate mix, the impact of thermal cracking in this material cannot be neglected. This is particularly significant when considering the study of the vitrified nuclear waste packages in geological storage condition where, in the worst case, fluid flow could be expected over a long time. Our study aims at investigating thermo-mechanical cracking effects on elastic wave velocities, mechanical strength and permeability under pressure to document damage evolution on SON68 glasses (original samples and thermally cracked - following a reproducible method - samples). The experimental setup enabled to monitor and vary independently confining pressure, axial stress and pore pressure at room temperature. An optimized set of sensors allowed us to perform measurements during the experiments of the local strain evolution and elastic wave velocities. We mainly observed that: (i) the original glass exhibits a linear and reversible mechanical behavior and isotropic elastic velocities, (ii) the thermal treatment has a strong influence on the glass mechanical résistance but (iii) a variable influence on the glass elastic properties Our results also exhibit the crack closure under confining pressure. As a consequence, the permeability decreased as a function of the cubic crack aperture up to interatomic diffusion level
Shi, Yue. "Micro-mechanics-based models of monotonic and cyclic behaviors of quasi-brittle rock-like materials having an elasto-viscoplastic matrix with microcracks". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/ToutIDP/EDENGSYS/2023/2023ULILN057.pdf.
Texto completoThe primary objective of this thesis is to model the macroscopic mechanical behavior of geomaterials under both instantaneous and time-dependent loading conditions. In this context, the studied material is modeled from the view of microstructure using well-suited localization and homogenization schemes. At the microscopic scale, it is assumed that microcracks have a penny-shaped morphology and are randomly embedded in an isotropic solid matrix. In framework of thermodynamics, two internal variables, inelastic strain and microcrack-induced damage, are both classified in consideration of instantaneous microcracking and sub-critical microcracking. The instantaneous damage is driven by a conjugated thermodynamics force, while the time-dependent damage evolves towards microstructure equilibrium. Further, the emphasis is put on modeling the solid matrix as a cohesive-friction component. This needs to introduce a new internal variable, plastic strain of matrix, resulting in a clearer brittle-ductile transition in the pre-peak regime, especially under relative high confining pressures. Next, the plastic compressible matrix is separately described by an associated and a non-associated flow rule in comparison with a large amount of test results. It is found that the non-associated model can well reproduce the compaction-dilatation transition with cyclic numbers. Finally, the unified model is developed to investigate the long-term behavior in terms of matrix viscoplasticity. The deformation mechanisms are analyzed regarding the coupling between matrix viscoplasticity and sub-critical propagation of microcracks
Breton, Emmanuel. "Modélisation de la fissuration sous sollicitations de contact des massifs revêtus". Lyon, INSA, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ISAL0037.
Texto completoA two-dimensional model for a cracked coated medium submitted to mechanical and/or thermal loadings is presented. It is based on the superposition principle. The "continuous stress field" corresponding to stress field in the coated body in the absence of cracks is added to the "crack or correcting stress field" corresponding to displacement discontinuities along crack faces that generate stresses. This model is based on Fourier integral transform, continuous dislocation distribution an unilateral contact with friction methods. This new approach allows to calculate accurately, systematically and for an unexpansive computational effort the elastic energy release rate G at crack tips. Crack parallel to the free surface situated either in the coating, at the interface coating/substrate interface or in the substrate and also cracks perpendicular to the free surface located in the coating or in the substrate without crossing the interface can be analyzed. A first coating choice is feasible from mechanical and thermal property and running condition analyses. The sites of the extrema of the continuous shear and tension stresses at the coating/substrate interface were related to critical crack positions for which maximum energy release rate G are obtained. Further, a critical coating depth was defined versus coating and substrate mechanical properties, loading conditions. Finally, a multiple crack parametric study was conducted and devoted to schematic peeling modeling. 2 cracks are considered: one at the coating/substrate interface, the other one perpendicular to the interface, situated in the coating and above the first one. Conditions that may favor the crack junction and leading to a coating spell detachment are studied
Granger, Sébastien. "Caractérisation expérimentale et modélisation du phénomène d'auto-cicatrisation des fissures dans les bétons". Nantes, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NANT2098.
Texto completoThe propagation of cracks in concrete structures, due to loadings (mechanical, thermal. . . ) or time dependant effects (creep, shrinkage…), results in loss of resistances and durability problems, linked to watertightness and transfer properties. With specific conditions, and without any external intervention of repair, some cracks can heal themselves. The phenomenon is mainly based on chemical reactions between water and cement, hydrated or not, available in hardened concrete microstructure. The self healing phenomenon has been mainly highlighted, in previous works, by means of water permeability tests, showing its role in durability considerations. The presented work aims at analysing the role of the phenomenon on a mechanical point of view. An experimental program is developed, in order to quantify the mechanical behaviour, under 3 points bending, of concrete beams initially cracked, and then aged in conditions allowing or not the occurrence of the phenomenon. Different kinds of concrete are analysed, a model material with high performances and classical concretes. The cracking processes of the specimens are also studied with acoustic emission techniques. The results show a recovery of mechanical properties for the specimens stored in water, and the following of cracking processes confirms that this mechanical gains are due to the precipitation of new crystals in the cracks, which are less resistant than those from the normal hydration of cement. These crystals are then analysed by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry, and a link is established between the mechanical results and the characteristics of the new crystals. With these results, a first approach of mechanical behaviour modelling including the self healing is proposed, and first qualitative results are presented. In parallel to this work on the mechanical behaviour, a non destructive technique, based on the time reversal principle, is developed in order to follow phenomena in concrete. The results of preliminary tests applied to the self healing are thus presented
Razakamanantsoa, Andry Rico. "Etudes du comportement hydromécanique, chimique et de la durabilité des géomatériaux d'étanchéité mélangés avec des polymères". Lyon, INSA, 2009. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2009ISAL0120/these.pdf.
Texto completo[Passive barrier for landfill liners are designed with bentonite material as Geosynthetic Clay Liners (GCL's) or Sand Bentonite Mixtures (SBM). This thesis is focused on the experimental study of the long term Chemo-Hydro-Mechanic behaviour of polymer treated geomaterials. Tests are performed with two powder polyelectrolyte polymers (P1, P2). Soil and one selected type of bentonite from a set of six are used. The corresponding testing fluid is composed with : synthetized leachate, CaCl2 and NaCl. This first step of the study is to select the suitable bentonite (B) and the corresponding polymer concentration (2%) that gives the best swelling ability to the bentonite. Compatibility test of the bentonite polymer mixture with synthetized leachable is done. Tests are performed by fabricating GL's, with filter press and oedopermeameter. Results show that hydraulic performance grows with the bentonite concentration. And the LS aggressiveness occurs immediately in a case of bentonite. The effects of polymer treatment are different : P1 increases the swelling ability of bentonite by flocculation, P2 increases the hydraulic performance of the bentonite by dispersion. The long term hydraulic performance tests with SBM are carried out with a rigid wall permeameter. Tests results show that prehydration delays only the fluid aggressiveness in spide of reducing the corresponding effects. The long term effect of polymer treatment reveals benefits to geomaterial behaviour by increasing water retention and reducing the undesired effects of pollutant. The chemical index is proposed to forecast the geomaterial degradation]
Tiennot, Mathilde. "Influence des propriétés physico-mécaniques des minéraux argileux dans l'altération de la pierre monumentale". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066036.
Texto completoFlaking is a deterioration pattern widely observed on monumental stone heritage. This pattern is due to the initiation and propagation of a crack subparallel to the surface of the stone exposed to natural weathering. This research aims to better understand the alteration mechanisms and to determine the parameters involved in such crack initiation within monumental stones. A fracture mechanics approach is proposed and the influence of clay minerals on this detachment alteration is discussed. The research is carried out on three stones, a molasse, a sandstone and a kersantite, showing scaling effect when submitted to natural conditions. Their hydromechanical behaviour is studied with respect to their natural anisotropy. Elastic properties, tensile strength and toughness are measured after saturation, at various RH values during humidification and drying, and after several cycles. Wave propagation combined with dilatation measurements is used to follow damage during the RH variations cycles. The influence of clay minerals on alteration processes is verified. These phases are critical factors of stone degradation as they are weakness planes leading to damage and cracking, especially generated by their swelling
Ovigne, Pierre-Alexandre. "Comportement vibratoire de poutres en béton armé fissurées avec renfort en matériau composite". Lyon 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO10267.
Texto completoBen, Ayad Mohamed. "Étude expérimentale des propriétés mécaniques (rupture) et électrique de systèmes de percolation". Nice, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NICE4226.
Texto completoLe, Cam Jean-Benoît. "Endommagement en fatigue des élastomères". Nantes, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NANT2124.
Texto completoMost of the studies dealing with fatigue damage in elastomers use phenomenological approaches to predict the end of life. Indeed, damage mechanisms are not clearly established and numerous continuum mechanical quantities are proposed to measure the damage. This thesis focuses on the derivation of such a mechanical quantity based on physical considerations. For this purpose, fatigue tests were performed and specimens were examined by scanning electron microscopy, X-rays micro-tomography and atomic force microscopy. Results demonstrate that from first fatigue cycles, microscopic cracks initiate homogeneously in the bulk and grow until failure if local loading conditions are favorable. Moreover, mechanisms of fatigue crack growth were identified during scanning electron microscopy experiments. Finally, this study has shown that damage prediction at the macroscopic scale should take into account the growth of fatigue crack. The mechanical quantity proposed here is issued from configurationnal mechanics and more precisely from the momentum energy tensor so-called the Eshelby stress tensor. Compared to classical approaches, this mechanical quantity satisfactorily predicts fatigue damaged zones
Tiennot, Mathilde. "Influence des propriétés physico-mécaniques des minéraux argileux dans l'altération de la pierre monumentale". Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066036/document.
Texto completoFlaking is a deterioration pattern widely observed on monumental stone heritage. This pattern is due to the initiation and propagation of a crack subparallel to the surface of the stone exposed to natural weathering. This research aims to better understand the alteration mechanisms and to determine the parameters involved in such crack initiation within monumental stones. A fracture mechanics approach is proposed and the influence of clay minerals on this detachment alteration is discussed. The research is carried out on three stones, a molasse, a sandstone and a kersantite, showing scaling effect when submitted to natural conditions. Their hydromechanical behaviour is studied with respect to their natural anisotropy. Elastic properties, tensile strength and toughness are measured after saturation, at various RH values during humidification and drying, and after several cycles. Wave propagation combined with dilatation measurements is used to follow damage during the RH variations cycles. The influence of clay minerals on alteration processes is verified. These phases are critical factors of stone degradation as they are weakness planes leading to damage and cracking, especially generated by their swelling
Zhou, Zhong-Rong. "Fissuration induite en petits débattements : Application au cas d'alliages d'aluminium aéronautiques". Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1992. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/TH_T1511_zrzhou.pdf.
Texto completoColin, David. "Valorisation de sédiments fins de dragage en technique routière". Caen, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CAEN2038.
Texto completoChassaigne, Jean-Christophe. "Fissuration à hautes températures du superalliage base nickel N18 élaboré par métallurgie des poudres : Etude du couplage mécanique-environnement en pointe de fissure". Paris, ENMP, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ENMPA001.
Texto completoKerrouault, Nicolas. "Fissuration à chaud en soudage d'un acier inoxydable austénitique". Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ECAP0688.
Texto completoVincent, Grégory. "Textures, microstructures et propriétés mécaniques d'alliages de zinc en feuillards et en revêtement". Metz, 2004. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/2004/Vincent.Gregory.SMZ0413.pdf.
Texto completoIn order to improve the cracking resistance, a new rolling process is explored for bulk zinc sheets and galvanized zinc sheets. It deals with asymmetrical rolling and asymmetrical skin-pass rolling. This type of rolling clearly changes dramatically the texture of zncuti whereas in the case of galvanized coating the texture is modified to a slight extent only. This is explained by the fact that the reduction ratio is large in rolling (ranging about 50%) whereas it is small in the skin-pass rolling (ranging about 2%). In this part results obtained by the simultaneous use of the taylor model for the prediction of textures, associated to the flow line model, are compared to the experimental results. The follow-up of the texture evolution during the deformation makes it possible to validate a posteriori the various assumptions made in the models of plasticity. In the last part, the study of the grain boundaries characteristics, in particular the misorientation through the grain boundary, completes the study of the mechanisms involved in the plastic deformation and cracking, in order to specify the role of the texture (intragranular cracking or cleavage are determined by grains orientation) and the grain boundaries characteristics (misorientation across grain boundary determining intergranular cracking). This study is carried out on zinc coatings in order to correlate cracking behaviors to the orientations and misorientations of grains
Aggoun, Salima. "Etude du comportement du béton coffre non arme vis a vis de la fissuration". Lyon, INSA, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ISAL0029.
Texto completoThe use of an unreinforced formed concrete lining presently appears as the best technical and economic solution to ensure the good stability and proper operation of rock excavated tunnels. However, this type of structure shows a systematic crack formation. In the absence of any outer load, cracking in this type of lining is closely connected to the physico-chemical characteristics of the material and to the environment in witch this materiel is ageing. This phenomenon is worsened by conditions peculiar to tunnels, i. E. : - on the one part, the strains hindered by the surrounding ground,and on the other part the pre-cast invert the presence of geometric over breaks which - lead to variations in the lining thickness. The importance of thermal et hydric gradients resulting from the above phenomena are demonstrated by field tests. Numerical simulations based on laboratory tests allow to assess the resulting stresses which lead to - a crossing and practically unavoidable crack formation resulting from thermal effects. The opening width in this type of cracks and their intensity especially depend on the presence of over breaks and cement proportioning. - a superficial skin cracking resulting from the hydric effects. Checking the investigated tunnels allows to find the cracks planned from our computations
Dubois, Frédéric. "Modélisation du comportement mécanique des milieux viscoélastiques fissurés : application au matériau bois". Limoges, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIMO0005.
Texto completoNouri, Thouraya. "Homogénéisation et calcul des contraintes de cisaillement dans les poutres composites à sections quelconques et à constituants orthotropes". Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30157.
Texto completoTahiri, Vanessa-Laure. "Endommagement de stratifiés carbone/époxyde de types (0°/45°) et (+-45°) sous chargements quasi-statique et cyclique". Poitiers, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995POIT2314.
Texto completoYssorche, Marie-Pierre. "Microfissuration et durabilité des bétons à hautes performances". Toulouse, INSA, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ISAT0008.
Texto completoTuratsinze, Anaclet. "Caractérisation microstructurale de la fissuration des bétons et mortiers en mode I de propagation". Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU30185.
Texto completoCalais, Thomas. "Propriétés mécaniques et durabilité d'un béton léger : application en régions froides". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/24023.
Texto completoOver the years, lightweight aggregate concrete (LWAC) has been used in many building projects, notably in the USA and Nordic countries, but only in a few in Quebec. The aim of this project is to establish a better understanding of the fundamental properties of LWAC for a possible use in repairs and new structural projects. Several experimental phases were conducted in order to evaluate the mechanical properties, the cracking risk, the resistance of rapid freezing and thawing and the scaling resistance of a LWAC made with expanded shale coarse aggregate. We focused on two factors: the LWA water content and the evaluation of the quantity of water from LWA counted in the water/binder ratio. The experimental results show that, even if the understanding of the movements of water around the LWA is not yet total, mechanical properties and durability meeting structural standards can be obtained. For many properties like the cracking risk and the freezing resistance, LWAC are even better than usual concrete.
Guinard, Caroline. "Influence des propriétés morphologiques et mécaniques des barrières thermiques sur la fissuration interfaciale induite par perçage laser impulsionnel". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEM068/document.
Texto completoMany aircraft engines parts such as combustion chambers are drilled with numerous cooling holes. These holes, generally performed by a high power laser machine can induce damages in the part materials. On thermal barrier coatings systems, cracking can lead to spalling of the coating occurs at the ceramic / bond-coat layer interface during laser drilling. This thesis presents elements of understanding of the interfacial crack formation end propagation phenomena. In this purpose, a specific protocol was used, consisting of interrupted drilling process. Moreover, in order to understand the influence of the bond coat and the ceramic / bond coat interface on cracking, a wide range of samples with specific morphological and mechanical properties were selected. With this in mind, the bond coat was modified by varying spraying parameters, spraying process and also by post treatments on the bond coat. The link between these interfaces and the associated damages due to laser drilling are presented through 2D and 3D observations, destructive and non-destructive, as well as the study of residual stress modification before and after laser drilling for several thermal barrier coatings systems. For further reducing the interfacial crack, several drilling strategies are considered through the laser peak power variation between the different laser pulses needed to drill through the multi-layer material. The results offer interesting perspectives for improving crack resistance of aeronautical engines parts
Dériano, Sébastien. "Conception chimique de verres silicatés à hautes performances mécaniques". Rennes 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REN10154.
Texto completoM'jahad, Sofia. "Impact de la fissuration sur les propriétés de rétention d‘eau et de transport de gaz des géomatériaux : Application au stockage géologique des déchets radioactifs". Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ECLI0023/document.
Texto completoIn the context of geological disposal of radioactive waste, this work contributes to the characterization of the effect of diffuse damage on the water retention and gas transfer properties of concrete (CEM I and CEM V) selected by Andra, Callovo-Oxfordian argillite (host rock) and argillite / concrete interfaces. This study provides information on the concrete microstructure from Mercury porosimetry intrusion and water retention curves: each concrete has a distinct microstructure, CEM I concrete is characterized by a significant proportion of capillary pores while CEM V concrete has a large proportion of C-S-H pores. Several protocols have been developed in order to damage concrete. The damage reduces water retention capacity of CEM I concrete and increases its gas permeability. Indeed, gas breakthrough pressure decreases significantly for damaged concrete, and this regardless of the type of concrete. For argillite, the sample mass increases gradually at RH = 100%, which creates and increases damage in the material. This reduces its ability to retain water. Otherwise, water retention and gas transport properties of argillite are highly dependent of its initial water saturation, which is linked to its damage. Finally, we observed a clogging phenomenon at the argillite/concrete interfaces, which is first mechanical and then hydraulic (and probably chemical) after water injection. This reduces the gas breakthrough pressure interfaces
M'jahad, Sofia. "Impact de la fissuration sur les propriétés de rétention d'eau et de transport de gaz des géomatériaux : Application au stockage géologique des déchets radioactifs". Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00803248.
Texto completoSimonin, Fabien. "Comportement thermomécanique de bétons réfractaires alumineux contenant du spinelle de magnésium". Lyon, INSA, 2000. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2000ISAL0043/these.pdf.
Texto completoThe study deals with the thermo-mechanical behaviour of aluminous refractory concretes containing magnesium spinel, synthetic or formed in-situ from the reaction between magnesia and alumina. These materials play a role of major importance in the steel treatment processes. We tried to rely the thermo-mechanical behaviour to the micro-structural and mineralogical properties, in the range 20°C-1600°C. Because of the low development of mechanical characterisation methods for refractories, we had to find more suitable ones. The heterogeneous character of the materials and the presence of many defaults (pores, microcracks. . . ) have a great influence on properties. The concrete presents a complex thermomechanical behaviour that can be simplified and separated in two ways: at low temperatures (until 1000°C), elastic and damage behaviour, and at high temperature, visco-plastic. At low temperatures, original pure tensile tests have been conducted with recording of the acoustic emission. The material presents a non Iinear quasi-brittle behaviour, characterised by a damage firstly diffuse and then localised, which finally leads to the formation of a macrocrack. We showed that classical damage behaviour models used for these materials were very far from the real behaviour. The localized damage has been studied in terms of resistance to crack propagation. Mechanical tests at high temperature have shown that a single value of modulus of rupture, recommended by norms, is not an adequate criteria for these materials. Indeed, important visco-plastic phenomena appear at higher temperature, due to the presence of a vitreous phase. This leads to great deformations and consequent creep
Gallois-Garreignot, Sébastien. "Etude numérique et expérimentale des phénomènes de fissuration dans les architectures avancées de la microélectronique". Lyon, INSA, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ISAL0049.
Texto completoThe reliability of integrated circuit has become a major concern with the introduction of new materials with poor mechanical properties, and the continuous downscaling of the device size. Moreover, numerous stress contributors appear during the stages of the process flow and by consequence, failures are commonly observed at different steps. A fundamental understanding of root causes and key parameters is required to forecast such fracture phenomena. The first step of this PhD work is to develop/improve generic methods (numerical and experimental) used in that frame. In order to reproduce and forecast these failures, a suitable numeric tool has to be used: a benchmark of fracture mechanics tool and discussion are performed on a typical case in the chapter II. The material properties, especially the interfacial adhesion, have a strong impact on the result accuracy and have to be characterized with caution. Following this objective, the Cross-Sectional Nanoindentation method is developed in the chapter III. It is also applied on pad structures to investigate their behaviour and resistance to fracture. At last, for correlations purpose with numerical simulations, the relevancy of the X-Ray Tomography non-destructive characterization method in a microelectronic context is studied (chap. III). As a second step, a typical fracture phenomenon is investigated on a real product. A whole study from failure analysis to numerical investigations is described in chapter IV. Numerous methods dedicated to mechanics/microelectronic domains are implemented in a practical manner. Finally, by coupling observations and simulation, deeper understanding of the phenomena is available and the characteristics of the fracture phenomena in microelectronic are highlighted
Mohamad-Hussein, Assef. "Modélisation du comportement mécanique des géomatériaux semi-fragiles soumis à des sollicitations mécaniques et à la dégradation chimique". Lille 1, 2007. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2007/50376-2007-Mohamad_Hussein.pdf.
Texto completoMoriceau, Julien. "Élaboration de vitrocéramiques et de composites particulaires à matrice vitreuse aux propriétés mécaniques et fonctionnelles innovantes". Thesis, Rennes 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN1S094/document.
Texto completoIn this thesis, glass-ceramics and glass matrix composites have been developed in order to study the interactions between the crack and the various inclusions. Firstly, the nucleation and volume crystallization of spherulites in a glass of the BaO-Al2O3-SiO2 system were studied. Then, the influence of crystallization on elasticity, hardness and toughness was measured. An increase of these properties due to crystallization was observed. After doping with rare earths oxides, the glass was functionalized by surface crystallization of phosphorescent crystals. Secondly, the influence of a Poisson’s ratio differential (between the matrix and inclusions) on the crack propagation was studied. For this purpose, glassy particulate glass matrix composites have been elaborated by Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) and studied by Double Cleavage Drilled Compression (DCDC). A deviation of the crack in the vicinity of the glass inclusions has been identified in the case where the Poisson’s ratio of the inclusion is lower than the one of the matrix. In the opposite case, less important deviations were noticed. Finally, nanocomposites functionalized with magnetite (Fe3O4) and gold particles were obtained after a SPS treatment. The properties provided by these particles allowed the material to be heated, respectively, by induction and by laser irradiation. In the second case, after a 10 min laser treatment, a partial healing of indentation cracks could be observed
Lin, Jian. "Modélisation numérique de l’endommagement des matériaux poreux ductiles et application aux géomatériaux". Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10143/document.
Texto completoThis study is devoted to the numerical modeling of damage for ductile porous materials and its applications to geomaterials. We first recall and analyze in chapter 1 different approaches of ductile damage. We then propose in chapter 2 a model based on the isotropic Gurson-type macroscopic criterion established by Monchietet al.(2007). This model is implemented numerically in ABAQUS Finite Element software. The good performance of this new model is checked by comparing its numerical predictions with the ones provided by other Gurson-type models. In chapter 3, numerical modelings are performed for geomaterials by implementing an appropriate model (based on Guo et al.(2008) criterion) in ABAQUS. The adequacy of the considered model to geomaterials is demonstrated through the study of a chalk. The numerical implementation and analysis of an anisotropic model based on the anisotropic version of the criterion proposed by Monchiet et al.(2007) are presented in chapter 4. The numerical results derived from this implementation are discussed with the results of others existing models. They appear to be quite satisfactory
Balayssac, Jean-Paul. "Relations entre performances mécaniques, microstructure et durabilité des bétons". Toulouse, INSA, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ISAT0010.
Texto completoLemée, Frédéric. "Traitement par alcali-activation de sédiments fins marins, non contaminés et à faible teneur en eau : mise au point d’un procédé de stabilisation". Caen, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CAEN2051.
Texto completo40 million tons of industrial waste and 50 million cubic meters of waste sediments are produced every year in France. Since July 2002, the industrialists and communities have to reduct impact of these wastes and to propose new ways to reuse their by-products. In this manuscript, the authors discuss about the recovery of three by-products together : sediments from Mont-Saint Michel, fly ash and alkaline solutions. No other binder is added : the alkaline solutions are used like an activator in order to induce the pozzolanic character of the sediments and the fly ash, it is the alkali-activated process. The first part concerns the characterization of the sediments of the Mont-Saint-Michel. After physical, chemical and mineral analysis, two different kinds of sediments, one looking like a tiny sand and an other looking like a mud, are identified. The second part deals with the use of alcali-activated process to stabilize the sediments from Mont-Saint-Michel. This study shows the interest of the use of fly ash and recommends an alkalinity between 2 and 5M in order to optimize the pozzolanicity. With these experimental conditions, the treated materials show physico-chemical and mechanical characteristics which are enough to use in road work. Test of durability justifies the process of treatment and fixes recommendations for achievements
Castaing, Philippe. "Vieillissement des matériaux composites verre-polyester en milieu marin : délaminage d'origine osmotique". Toulouse, INPT, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPT016G.
Texto completoVolozinskis, Xavier. "Étude de la résistance à la fissuration d'un matériau hétérogène anisotrope appliquée à l'optimisation du processus de fabrication du papier". Bordeaux 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR10618.
Texto completoAhmiedi, El Hadj. "Etude de la propagation des fissures en milieu viscoélastique : applications aux enrobés bitumeux". Limoges, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LIMO0035.
Texto completoZeng, Tao. "Modélisation multi-échelle des comportements plastiques et viscoplastiques des géomatériaux polycristallins". Thesis, Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL10099/document.
Texto completoMost geomaterials are heterogeneous material at different scales. The macroscopic mechanical behavior of these materials depends directly on the mineralogical composition and microstructure as well as their evolution. The present study makes a simple trial to extend the most widely used polycrystalline model in metallography to a typical quasi-brittle geological material--granite. The standard yield criterion and plastic potential are modified to consider the main mechanical features of geomaterial, e.g. pressure sensitivity and plastic dilatancy. The full self-consistent model firstly proposed by Hill is adopted to relate the local fields and overall ones. And the macro response of polycrystal is determined by the classical homogenization process. The numerical implementation of local and macro stress update procedure are given and the possible difficulties encountered are pointed out. The identification of seven micromechanical parameters is briefly described. The validity of the developed model is checked through the comparisons between model's predictions and experimental data on both conventional and true triaxial compression tests, respectively
Le, Poulain Franck. "Caractérisation de la fissuration multiple par corrosion sous contrainte et modélisation du comportement mécanique macroscopique par homogénéisation". Bordeaux 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR12646.
Texto completoThe purpose of this study is to propose a modelling of the macroscopic mechanical behavior of a stainless steel subjected to the phenomenon of stress corrosion cracking. From the observation of the cracking of surface by in situ videomicroscopy, the effective elastic properties are determined by techniques of homogenisation. Two approaches, based either on the theory of non-interaction, or on the theory of interaction are treated. Modelling is validated by comparing the curves of work hardening simulated with the experimental curves of work hardening
Naproux, Pierre. "Les microcendres (cendres volantes traitées) et leurs emplois dans les bétons hydrauliques". Toulouse, INSA, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ISAT0015.
Texto completoBertholio, Frédéric. "Etude de la polymérisation et de l'isomérisation endo-exo des résines à terminaisons nadimides : étude de l'influence de la polymolécularité sur les propriétés mécaniques". Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO10285.
Texto completoSadr, Momtazi Ali. "Comportement sous chargement cyclique des structures en béton armé fissurées puis réparées par injection de liants epoxydiques". Lyon, INSA, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985ISAL0013.
Texto completoThis research describes the studies that concern resistance and durability of reinforced concrete structures. Before and after being repaired by injection of an epoxy leant in cracked sections. The first part of this research summarizes different methods of repairing the structures and takes into consideration the fatigue of materials when they are under cyclic loading. The analytical methods are examined (considering these phenomena) to predict the evaluation of a bent element. The second part concerns theoretical and experimental studies of three reinforced concrete beams. These beams have two damaged parts in their central section : a concrete retaking and a failure of armature. The results obtained on the first beam allow us to determine the repairing method as well as the parameters of the tests for the two other beams. According to the nature of damage and the rate of loading for the first loading, two computing methods are adapted to predict the behaviour of these elements. The experimental study on these repaired beams has allowed us to determine the function of repaired sections as well as to examine the resistance, behaviour and appearance of the repaired section under a variable rate of cyclic loading, until the fracture point. The experimental results are interpreted by analytical expressions and for the final rate of cyclic loading, corresponding to the usual purposes of the structures, a comparison with the theoretical predictions is presented
El, Hachem Michel. "Étude de l'influence de la fibre de fonte sur le retrait et le fluage du béton". Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ECAP0127.
Texto completoPonnelle, Sylvain. "Propagation des fissures par fatigue a haute temperature dans l'Inconel 718 : effets de microstructure et de chargements complexes". Paris, ENMP, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ENMP1003.
Texto completoCadenas, Herrera Pedro Vicente. "Influence du pré-endommagement en fatigue endurance sur les propriétés mécaniques statiques d'un alliage d'aluminium 6082-T6". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10005.
Texto completoThe present work has been conducted to study the effect of cumulative high cycle fatigue damage, on the tensile mechanical properties, toughness and hardness, of an AA6082-T6 aluminium alloy. Axial fatigue tests under load controlled conditions (R = 0.1) up to different fatigue life fractions achieved at maximum stresses of 200, 250 and 275 MPa were carried out. Cumulative damage has been determined from the S-N curve of the material and the Palmgren-Miner Iinear rule. Samples with different cumulative damage were subsequently subjected to tensile, tear and microindentation tests. The evolution of the different properties as a function of the cumulative damage has been reported in relation to the reference values of such properties in the undamaged state. The results obtained show that the tensile mechanical properties do not exhibit a significant change as a function of the cumulative damage, whereas the critical toughness properties decrease as damage increases. The decrease in toughness is more marked as the maximum stress applied to the material decreases. Such a decrease in toughness is associated with the presence of microcracks that are nucleated at grain boundaries and it is more pronounced as the hardness of the material increases (work-hardening). Such a phenomenon gives rise to a modification of the fracture mode, from ductile, for the undamaged material, to a mixed ductile-brittle mode after cumulative damage. The change of the different mechanical properties with cumulative damage allowed the determination of the isodamage curves for the alloy, which could be employed for predicting the high cycle fatigue remnant life of the material under investigation
Comby, Peyrot Isabelle. "Development and validation of a 3D computional tool to describe damage and fracture due to Alcali-Silica Reaction in concrete structures". Paris, ENMP, 2006. http://pastel.paristech.org/2096/01/these-comby.pdf.
Texto completoThe Alkali-Silica Reaction (ASR) induces aggregates swelling leading to irreversible degradation of concrete structures. Modelling damage and cracks in a 3D concrete structure submitted to ASR is hence of prime importance in civil engineering. FEMCAM (Finite Element Model for Concrete Analysis Method) software has been developed within this framework to model 3D numerical concrete. In this thesis, we have developed a mesoscale approach where concrete is considered as a heterogeneous material with two main phases: the mortar paste and aggregates. An elastic damage law has been successfully implemented to take into account the mortar paste behavior. The non local Mazars model with an implicit formulation is hence used to deal with damage. This model requires determining elastic and damage parameters. In this way, an experimental campaign has been carried out at the Civil Engineering Department of the Ecole des Mines de Douai to identify concrete material parameters. These experimental results have been compared with numerical ones through the inverse analysis modulus RheOConcrete. Applications on concrete (compression tests, three point bending tests and “Brazilian” splitting tests) have been also performed. The influence of the distribution, diameters and volume of aggregates on concrete behavior has been studied. The comparison between the numerical global responses of a concrete sample submitted to ASR and experimental ones are available. These comparisons are based on previous experimental works carried out at the Ecole des Mines de Douai. It leads to compare numerical and experimental approaches and to better understand the mechanism of ASR under the control of some parameters. Finally, we have underlined the importance of describing macrocracks in concrete sample with a great accuracy to improve the model. The last part of this project concerns the implementation and the validation of a 3D Discrete Crack Propagation technique to model explicitly 3D crack propagation
Huon, Vincent. "Une étude expérimentale et une première modélisation du comportement thermomécanique endommageable de quelques bétons". Montpellier 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON20045.
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