Literatura académica sobre el tema "Génomique des plantes"
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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Génomique des plantes"
Delseny, Michel, Lionel Verdoucq, Sylvie Maisonneuve y Thomas Roscoe. "GENOMIQUE ET LIPIDES Génomique et métabolisme des lipides des plantes". Oléagineux, Corps gras, Lipides 9, n.º 2 (marzo de 2002): 130–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ocl.2002.0130.
Texto completoTESNIÈRE, Germain, Vincent DUCROCQ, Eva BOXENBAUM y Julie LABATUT. "Organisations nationales et instruments de gestion de l’amélioration génétique des bovins laitiers : une comparaison entre la France, l’Irlande et les Pays-Bas". INRA Productions Animales 32, n.º 1 (11 de marzo de 2019): 37–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2019.32.1.2430.
Texto completoAbeywickrama-Samarakoon, Natali, Jean-Claude Cortay, Camille Sureau, Dulce Alfaiate, Massimo Levrero y Paul Dény. "Réplication du génome du virus de l’hépatite delta : un rôle pour la petite protéine delta S-HDAg". médecine/sciences 34, n.º 10 (octubre de 2018): 833–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/medsci/2018209.
Texto completoLamy Lamy, Georges Maxime. "Étude ethnobotanique et variabilité morphologique de Syzygium guineense var. macrocarpum dans les hautes savanes guinéennes de l’Adamaoua (Cameroun)". BOIS & FORETS DES TROPIQUES 343 (31 de marzo de 2020): 83–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/bft2020.343.a31852.
Texto completoDomonhédo, Hubert, David Cros, Léifi Nodichao, Norbert Billotte y Corneille Ahanhanzo. "Enjeux et amélioration de la réduction de l’acidité dans les fruits mûrs du palmier à huile, Elaeis guineensis, Jacq. (synthèse bibliographique)". BASE, 6 de octubre de 2017, 54–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.25518/1780-4507.16228.
Texto completoTesis sobre el tema "Génomique des plantes"
Conte, Matthieu. "Développement d'une plateforme de génomique comparative dédiée aux plantes". Montpellier 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON20221.
Texto completoAyadi, Mira. "Génomique fonctionnelle de facteurs de transcription de la famille GT chez Arabidopsis thaliana : caractérisation du facteur GT-3a". Amiens, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AMIE0308.
Texto completoBeaulieu, Chloé. "Première exploration du paysage génomique intraspécifique de l'adaptation chez les plantes non vasculaires : le cas de l'hépatique Marchantia polymorpha". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Toulouse (2023-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024TLSES004.
Texto completoPlant adaptation to a terrestrial life 500 million years ago played a major role in the evolution of life on Earth. Plants still play a crucial role at present time, as bases of most ecosystems, and consequently base of all human civilizations. Understanding their adaptation to past and present modification of their living conditions is a key to understand the past and be able to respond to future agricultural challenges. Plants sciences made great advances in understanding plant response to their environment, but most studies focused on the angiosperm lineage which contains crops. Nevertheless, to get a broader picture of land plant (Embryophytes) adaptation to various conditions, in the framework of 500 million years of evolution on land, it is essential to study other land plant lineages. In line with this logic, this work will focus on the non-vascular plant model Marchantia polymorpha, whose lineage diverged from vascular plants around 480 million years ago. We developed an intraspecific diversity dataset that allowed us to uncover some mechanisms of adaptation in M. polymorpha. Analyses of selection signatures on genes enabled us to distinguish conserved functions under strong purifying selection from variable ones undergoing balancing selection or selective sweeps. Using this intraspecific diversity dataset, genome-wide associations studies (GWAS) could be performed on the response of M. polymorpha to climatic conditions but also to the fungal pathogen Colletotrichum nymphaeae (biotic stress). Finally, a gene-based pangenome was built and allowed identifying genes with a presence-absence variation between accessions, that are often associated with stress response and local adaptation. Crossing these three approaches, we found gene families that seem involved in M. polymorpha response to stresses. Among them can be cited the terpene synthases, the peroxidases, the NBS-LRR (NLR), the lectins, the lipoxygenases or the polyphenol oxidases. Most of these functions are shared with other land plants, showing that most general mechanism of adaptation are quite conserved in Embryophytes. Nevertheless, most of these gene families displayed lineage-specific characteristics, such as specific genes, family expansions or horizontal gene transfer, that differentiated gene family organization in Marchantia from the one known in angiosperms. Taken together, these results show that land plants share most of their mechanisms of adaptation, inherited from their last common ancestor, and that these general functions underwent lineage-specific modifications, that can hint at the different constraints that shaped the different lineages of land plants
Langlois-Meurinne, Mathilde. "Rôle de glycosyltransférases du métabolisme secondaire au cours des interactions plantes-agents pathogènes chez Arabidopsis thaliana". Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA112094.
Texto completoSecondary metabolites play important roles in plant defense against pathogens. Conjugaison to sugar moiety is one of the most widespread modifications that contribute to the great diversity and reactivity of these natural products. Glycosylation ensured by glycosyltransferases (UGTs) is involved in metabolic pathways, endogenous signal regulation and metabolite transport. In Arabidopsis thaliana, secondary metabolism UGTs are encoded by 120 genes, organised into 14 groups (A-N). Group D UGTs are differentially expressed during the hypersensitive response (HR) of A. Thaliana to an avirulent strain of Pseudomonas syringae pv. Tomato and after treatements with defense related signaling molecules. Within this group, we identified two genes, UGT73B3 and UGT73B5, which were highly induced during HR and after salicylic acid and hydrogen peroxide treatements. Ugt73b3 and ugt73b5 T-DNA insertion lines, exhibit a loss of resistance to P. Syringae avirulent strain. A metabolic profiling approach was carried out to identify UGT73B3 and UGT73B5 substrates in planta. Although the nature of the substrates has not been identified, the results indicate that ugt73b3 and ugt73b5 differ from wild type plants in cell wall-bound compounds. UGT73B3 and UGT73B5 are closely related to a tobacco UGT involved in the control of oxidative burst during HR, suggesting that these two UGTs may also be involved in the maintenance of cellular redox homeostasis
Bélanger, Sébastien. "Caractérisation génomique et transcriptomique de la microspore embryogénique chez l'orge". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/33304.
Texto completoAndrogenesis is a plant biotechnology used to fix the genetic background of plants in a single generation. This is based on the ability of an immature pollen grain, the microspore, to restore its totipotency, to dedifferentiate and then to engage in the path of embryogenesis. However, it is observed that the ability of the microspore to engage in embryogenesis is genetically variable. Despite the many desirable attributes of androgenesis, an undesirable side - effect is the segregation distortion (SD) encountered in populations resulting from this biotechnology. My thesis focuses on (i) the study of the transcriptome of microspores undergoing a developmental transition from the pollen - grain pathway towards embryogenesis and (ii) to identify when SD arises in the process and in which genomic regions it occurs. I used barley as a model species for my studies. Transcriptomic analysis was performed on microspores isolated from anthers at three stages corresponding to the microspore before (day 0) and immediately after (days 2 and 5) the application of a stress treatment aimed at inducing embryogenesis. I was interested in two categories of genes: those expressed exclusively at a specific stage of microspore development and those that were differentially expressed during the initiation of androgenesis. I was able to identify genes expressed exclusively in the microspore on day 0 (11), 2 (34) or 5 (367). On day 5, I found the induction of many genes encoding transcription factors (T Fs) in addition to genes involved in the synthesis or signal transduction of many growth regulators. The analysis of differentially expressed genes allowed me to identify certain metabolic processes that were activated/repressed during microspore development from day 0 to 2 and from day 2 to 5. Genes expressed exclusively at a specific stage of development could serve as molecular markers indicative of the performance in androgenesis to optimize isolated microspore culture protocols. Then, SD was studied using a whole - genome genotyping approach. I first developed an innovative, reproducible and accurate genotypic analysis methodology to determine allelic frequency on pooled samples. This method was then used to estimate allelic frequencies in samples of microspores (before and after the application of stress), embryos and regenerated plants. I showed that SD arises during both the development of embryos and the regeneration of plants. No SD was observed in samples of microspores. My results show that the selective forces promoting SD act during in vitro culture. Still using the same genotyping method performed on pooled samples, I identified and compared the frequency and extent of SD in 12 populations of doubled haploid lines (DH). A greater number of DH (12) populations were characterized in my study alone than the sum of all previous studies in barley. I showed that segregation distortion regions greatly differ in their position, extent, and magnitude in different DH populations. Knowledge of these alleles would be useful to predict the androgenic potential of a genotype in a breeding program. My dissertation has allowed research into barley microspores, or more widely androgenesis, to enter into the “omics” era. On an unprecedented scale, my transcriptomic study explores and describes the gene expression changes that occur during the developmental transition that the microspore undergoes in the course of androgenesis. My genomic study identifies when the selection (producing SD) arises in this system and describes which chromosomal regions are affected by this distortion. In light of my findings, in the final chapter I propose some lines of research to further study the molecular mechanisms driving the developmental transition from microspores to embryos and to develop genotyping tools to use SD as a genetic improvement tool.
Darracq, Aude. "Évolution des génomes mitochondriaux de plantes : approche de génomique comparative chez Zea mays et Beta vulgaris". Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00833144.
Texto completoGachon, Claire. "Analyse fonctionnelle de gènes de glucosyltransférases chez Arabidopsis thaliana induits au cours des interactions plantes-pathogènes". Paris 11, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA112091.
Texto completoPlants produce a high number of secondary metabolites that contribute to defence reactions against their pathogens. Conjugation to sugar moiety is one of the most widespread modifications of these natural products, and its physiological importance is recognized in numerous processes like the biosynthesis, the storage or the transport of these compounds. These glycosylation reactions are ensured by glycosyltransferases (GTs), a family of enzymes encoded by 120 genes in Arabidopsis thaliana. Mining of publicly available microarray data was used to identify stress-inducible GTs and to evidence a large-scale co-ordination of gene expression in secondary metabolism pathways. This property was further exploited for the functional prediction of previously uncharacterized GTs and to address questions like metabolic pathway evolutionary mechanisms. A dozen of genes were induced in various stress conditions, the expression profile of which was confirmed by real-time PCR experiments. To investigate the function of pathogen-responsive GTs in plant defence, a reverse genetics approach was undertaken and T-DNA-tagged insertion mutants were isolated. In parallel, a sensitive method was developed to assess their resistance towards the two fungal pathogens Alternaria brasssicicola and Botrytis cinerea. Resistance assays on the mutant lines towards a range of pathogens are still under way, but they have already revealed that two of them exhibit an almost complete loss of resistance against an avirulent strain of the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae. In the near future, the metabolic changes caused by the mutations will be investigated using metabolic profiling
Fodor, Agota. "La sélection génomique appliquée a l'espece Vitis vinifera L. subsp. vinifera, évaluation et utilisation". Phd thesis, Ecole nationale superieure agronomique de montpellier - AGRO M, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01001690.
Texto completoAbrouk, Michael. "Génomique comparée et évolutive chez les graminées : Cas particulier des micro-ARN". Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CLF22327.
Texto completoPoaceae also called Grasses are an important botanical family consisting in nearly 12,000 species in over 700 genres including cereals. This family is of major economic interest because it comprises cereals that are among the most important crops for human and animal nutrition. This family has been extensively studied in comparative genomics since the 1990s and showed a high degree of gene conservation among species since they diverged from a common ancestor. With the sequencing of Brachypodium distachyon in 2009, we performed an analysis of its genome by the identification of twelve synteny blocks with the sequenced genomes of rice, sorghum and maize and seven duplications blocks shared with these last grass species. These data allowed us to suggest the five chromosomes of Brachypodium are from the common ancestor composed of twelve chromosomes and having undergone seven fusions during the evolution. This work allowed us to confirm a possible grass ancestor with five chromosomes carrying almost 10,000 genes with a size of 35Mb. Then, based on these comparative genomics results, we studied more particularly the evolution of different families of microRNAs (miRNAs). The comparison of non-coding RNA from rice, sorghum, maize and Brachypodium showed conservation into this family for the grass species with 50% of orthologs and 20% of paralogs. Based on the paleogenomics results, we proposed an evolutionary scenario of miRNA genes, which supports the hypothesis of an ancient origin of this gene silencing mechanism in plants. Beyond the fundamental knowledge generated on the evolution of grass genomes during this PhD, these results have potential applications in breeding, for example with the possibility to identify COS (Conserved Orthologous Set) molecular markers. Such COS markers have been used for the study of agronomic traits in species not completely sequenced as wheat
Ben, Amor Besma. "Analyse génétique et génomique de la perception et de la transduction du signal Nod chez Medicago truncatula". Toulouse 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU30059.
Texto completoRhizobial Nod factors (NFs) act as symbiotic signals in the Rhizobium-legume symbiotic interaction. The characterisation of a Medicago truncatula mutant defective for root hair deformation, the induction of a rapid calcium flux, calcium spiking, nodulin gene expression and cortical cell division in response to NFs, led to the identification of a new gene. The gene, called NFP for Nod Factor Perception, is predicted to encode a transmembrane serine/threonine receptor-like kinase containing extracellular LysM domains. The structure of the NFP protein therefore supports the hypothesis that NFP corresponds to a NF receptor. Transcriptomic analysis was performed on wild type plants and the nfp mutant, in response to inoculation by Sinorhizobium meliloti. This led to the identification of a certain number of. The expression of these genes is dependent on the NFP gene, confirming the importance of the NFP-controlled NF signal transduction pathway in the nodulation process
Libros sobre el tema "Génomique des plantes"
S, Meskin Mark, Bidlack Wayne R, Randolph R. Keith y International Phytochemical Conference (5th : 2004 : California State Polytechnic University, Pomona), eds. Phytochemicals: Nutrient-gene interactions. Boca Raton: CRC/Taylor & Francis, 2006.
Buscar texto completoCrop breeding: Bioinformatics and preparing for climate change. Oakville, ON: Apple Academic Press, 2015.
Buscar texto completoBarcoding Nature: Shifting Cultures of Taxonomy in an Age of Biodiversity Loss. Taylor & Francis Group, 2013.
Buscar texto completoBarcoding Nature: Shifting Cultures of Taxonomy in an Age of Biodiversity Loss. Routledge, 2013.
Buscar texto completoEllis, Rebecca, Claire Waterton y Brian Wynne. Barcoding Nature: Shifting Cultures of Taxonomy in an Age of Biodiversity Loss. Taylor & Francis Group, 2013.
Buscar texto completoBarcoding Nature: Shifting Cultures of Taxonomy in an Age of Biodiversity Loss. Taylor & Francis Group, 2013.
Buscar texto completoCapítulos de libros sobre el tema "Génomique des plantes"
Hamon, Serge. "8. La révolution de la génomique". En L’odyssée des plantes sauvages et cultivées, 219–49. IRD Éditions, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/books.irdeditions.31217.
Texto completoLÓPEZ, Carolina B. "Particules virales défectueuses". En Virologie, 159–94. ISTE Group, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51926/iste.9023.ch5.
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