Artículos de revistas: "Gender Specific Studies"

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Gianakos, Arianna L., Nicole George, Angelica Pinninti, Stephanie Kwan, Dawn LaPorte y Mary K. Mulcahey. "Sex- and Gender-specific Analysis in Orthopaedic Studies". Clinical Orthopaedics & Related Research 478, n.º 7 (17 de marzo de 2020): 1482–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/corr.0000000000001172.

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Grace, Victoria M. "Reflections on the sex/gender distinction for gender specific medicine". Gender Medicine 3 (enero de 2006): S52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1550-8579(06)80108-7.

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Azad, Nahid. "Risk factors and gender-specific dementia". Gender Medicine 3 (enero de 2006): S26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1550-8579(06)80040-9.

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Pesic, Jelena. "Gender perspective in migration studies". Sociologija 55, n.º 2 (2013): 317–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/soc1302317p.

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Research field of migration has been developing for a long time parallel to and outside mainstream institutional academic sociology and its theoretical foundation. In the last two decades, within the field of migration studies, one specific aspect of the phenomena came to the research focus: gender, as significant factor that influences on motivation for migration, shaping, at the same time, its characteristics and specific experiences. With decisive breakthrough of qualitative methods in social sciences and humanities, as well as with gradual development of postmodern philosophy and feminist theory, gender migration studies have been established as research sub-discipline, with its own theoretical and categorical scientific apparatus (as well as institutional-academic grounding), managing more or less successfully to explain and understand multidimensional character of migration processes. This text represents an attempt to make relatively concise overview of disciplines? historical, theoretical and research field development, as a first step in its broader affirmation within Serbian institutional sociology.

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Nobelius, Ann-Maree. "Making gender-specific medicine mainstream: Introducing gender competence to medical education". Gender Medicine 3 (enero de 2006): S29—S30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1550-8579(06)80052-5.

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Böhmová, Ludmila. "March for Life as Specific Example of a Postsecular Conflict?" Gender a výzkum / Gender and Research 23, n.º 1 (24 de agosto de 2022): 99–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.13060/gav.2022.007.

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Legato, Marianne J. "Gender-specific medicine: The view from Salzburg". Gender Medicine 1, n.º 2 (diciembre de 2004): 61–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1550-8579(04)80011-1.

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Legato, Marianne J., Karin Schenck-Gustafsson y Vera Regitz-Zagrosek. "The international association for gender-specific medicine". Gender Medicine 3, n.º 2 (junio de 2006): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1550-8579(06)80195-6.

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Stefurak, Tres, Crystal Taylor y Sheila Mehta. "Gender-specific models of homosexual prejudice: Religiosity, authoritarianism, and gender roles." Psychology of Religion and Spirituality 2, n.º 4 (2010): 247–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0021538.

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Guthrie, Barbara J. y Laura J. Flinchbaugh. "Gender-Specific Substance Prevention Programming:". Journal of Early Adolescence 21, n.º 3 (agosto de 2001): 354–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0272431601021003005.

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Pinn, Vivian W. "Research as the portal to gender-specific medicine". Gender Medicine 3 (enero de 2006): S17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1550-8579(06)80006-9.

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Moeller-Leimkuehler, A. M. y M. Yuecel. "How Gender-Specific is Male Depression?" European Psychiatry 24, S1 (enero de 2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)70415-8.

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Although there is a large amount of clinical evidence for a male-type depression, scientific evidence is still limited, especially in non-clinical populations with regard to gender differences in symptoms.In a sample of college students (518 males, 499 females) the relationship between male depression, sex and gender-role orientation was examined. Contrary to expectations, female students had a greater risk of male depression than male students (28.9% vs. 22.4%; p< 0.05). Overall, depressive symptoms as well as male-type distress symptoms were more pronounced in females. In the subgroup of those at risk for male depression sex and kind of symptoms were unrelated. With regard to the impact of gender-role orientation, feminine and undifferentiated orientation predict significant higher risk of male depression (30.7% and 38.1%), independent of biological sex, and were associated with different symptom factors.The results suggest that male depression might not only be a male phenomenon, at least in college students, since young women have adopted male attributes. In conclusion, gender studies in depression should not rely on biological sex, but include measures of gender-related selfconcepts and normative orientations.

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Larson, A. Noelle. "CORR Insights®: Sex- and Gender-specific Analysis in Orthopaedic Studies". Clinical Orthopaedics & Related Research 478, n.º 7 (6 de mayo de 2020): 1489–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/corr.0000000000001304.

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Nagalia, Shubhra. "Conceptualising Gender Studies: Curriculum and Pedagogy". Indian Journal of Gender Studies 25, n.º 1 (15 de enero de 2018): 79–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0971521517738452.

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This article draws upon the experience of inhabiting the disciplinary space of Gender Studies (GS) as faculty in a newly founded social science and humanities university, Ambedkar University Delhi (AUD). It attempts to formulate the challenges in and potential for giving shape to this specialised discipline in a neo-liberal context. It grapples with some of the complexities of the originary moment and how they have affected the discipline. Issues and linkages with Women’s Studies also foreground some of the tensions that have characterised our brief disciplinary history. These themes are explored by drawing upon the experience of curricular review and design of the Master’s programme in GS and the pedagogical dilemmas that constantly crop up in this age of celebration of ‘difference’. The first section focuses on the larger context of higher education in which a university like AUD was set up along with a discussion of the specific context of the location of GS within AUD. The second section looks at the various transactions and negotiations needed to run the GS programme.

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Luppa, Melanie, Tobias Luck, Siegfried Weyerer, Hans-Helmut König y Steffi G. Riedel-Heller. "Gender differences in predictors of nursing home placement in the elderly: a systematic review". International Psychogeriatrics 21, n.º 6 (10 de julio de 2009): 1015–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610209990238.

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ABSTRACTBackground: In recent decades a substantial number of studies have examined predictors of nursing home placement (NHP) in the elderly. This study provides a systematic review of gender-differences in predictors of NHP from population-based, longitudinal studies worldwide.Methods: Relevant articles were identified by a systematic search of literature. The articles based on prospective studies with representative samples of community-living elders identified predictors by gender-specific multivariate analyses.Results: Eleven studies were identified. We found gender differences in the prediction of NHP for marital status, living situation, housing and car availability and urinary incontinence. For both genders the risk of NHP did not differ substantially for age, functional impairment, cognitive impairment, dementia, and depression. The male to female ratio of admission rates ranged between 1 to 1.4 and 1 to 1.6.Conclusions: Only a few studies analyzed gender-specific predictors of NHP, probably owing to the associated statistical difficulties. However, gender differences in prediction of NHP do actually exist, and this should encourage further research activities in this area using appropriate statistical methods.

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Monsalve, Laura Lorente y Laura Gonzalvo Conde. "GENDER BIAS IN CHOOSING STEM STUDIES". PUPIL: International Journal of Teaching, Education and Learning 6, n.º 1 (16 de marzo de 2022): 113–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.20319/pijtel.2022.61.113126.

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The gender bias in STEM exists, and this work intends to make this reality visible. The principal objectives of the study are to reduce the gender gap in STEM studies and learn about experiences lived around the STEM field reported by women. For this, a qualitative research method has been created in the form of an interview, which helps us answer the questions raised from the life stories told by the fourteen girls and women interviewed, all of them belonging to different age ranges, to be able to observe and analyze gender bias when choosing STEM studies. The data resulting from the research are the least bleak in the framework of the development of gender equality. A minimum change could be expected. However, the changes we observe are specific. We must remember that most of the participants have alluded to society and culture to explain the bias. The generational shift that is observed through the interviews is minimal. Although the educational administrations seek absolute equality and promotion of research and development of ICT among girls and adolescents, we must make visible that these actions need a more significant effort to be part of the educational community.

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Evang, Jenny Andrine Madsen. "Is “Gender Ideology” Western Colonialism?" TSQ: Transgender Studies Quarterly 9, n.º 3 (1 de agosto de 2022): 365–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/23289252-9836036.

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Abstract How should we interrogate and oppose the current anti-gender misappropriation of postcolonial thought and struggles? Recently, we have seen a resurgence of organized anti-gender sentiments across Europe and the globe. A specific anti-gender rhetoric of victimization defines so-called Western genderists as a common enemy and colonizing force against “the people.” By focusing on some key European anti-gender actors, this article analyzes the strategic significance of the specific anti-gender assertion that gender is a neocolonial imposition. Beyond examining how the European anti-gender takeover of postcolonial framing is hypocritical—as anti-gender thinkers are themselves invested in the cisheterosexist myth that is perhaps the most colonial of all—the article argues that the misappropriation reveals something central about the racialized imaginary underpinning their rhetoric. They reproduce a racialized hierarchy of biological plasticity that positions white Europeans as both the ultimate saviors and the most vulnerable victims in the face of “genderism.” By unpacking the politics through which European anti-gender actors use the “non-Western” world as a rhetorical ruse to further Western supremacy, the article also shows the danger of the impulse to suspend postcolonial feminist critique in an effort to distance oneself from the anti-gender misappropriation of such theory and to unite around a common liberal front. Instead, it proposes that postcolonial thought is more vital than ever if we are to counter current anti-gender movements, their Islamophobia, and their transphobia.

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Srivastava, Swati, Iti Garg, Lilly Ganju y Bhuvnesh Kumar. "Venous Thrombosis could be Gender Specific, Women Beware!" Defence Science Journal 69, n.º 5 (17 de septiembre de 2019): 503–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.69.13222.

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Venous thrombosis (VT) is the third major cause of mortality in the world after heart attack and stroke. Its two major clinical manifestations are deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) which are serious medical conditions but often remain under-diagnosed. Although rate of occurrence of venous thrombosis in men is slightly higher, a number of studies have pointed out that woman poses higher risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) compared to men at various stages of life. Risk of VTE increases in women’s life particularly with use of oral contraceptives, during pregnancy and with exogenous administration of hormones like in post-menopausal hormone therapy. Various reports show that these factors increase risk of DVT and PE by several folds. DVT is considered as an important cause of maternal death in western countries. It is often asymptomatic and its signs and symptoms are similar to those of normal pregnancy. The hormonal changes at various stages of life and less physical activity increase the risk of VTE by blood flow stasis. It is extremely important for women to know the stages of life when they are prone to develop VTE, about its prevention and treatment. Detailed studies on differences in clinical manifestations of VTE between men and women are lacking. This review focusses on assessing the increased risk of VTE and its prognosis in women based on available literature.

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Fögen, Thorsten. "Gender-specific communication in Graeco-Roman antiquity". Historiographia Linguistica 31, n.º 2-3 (31 de diciembre de 2004): 199–276. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.31.2.03fog.

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Summary It has been the main interest of numerous studies in modern linguistics, in particular since the 1980s, to analyse gender-specific language and modes of communication. However, the vast majority of these contributions completely ignores the fact that some ancient authors already raised the problem of gender-specific language and thus made at least a first step towards a diaphasic sketch of the linguistic levels and varieties of both Greek and Latin. The ancient sources on women’s language are admittedly not very ample and, moreover, rather scattered. It is the aim of this contribution to bring together relevant metalinguistic passages and provide a close reading in order to obtain a more differentiated impression of the ancients’ views on gender-specific language and style. It is highlighted that differences are pointed out by ancient authors not only in pragmatic respects, but also for the phonological, morphological and lexico-semantic levels. The focus is on excerpts from Plato, Aristophanes, Roman comedy and rhetorical writings, but further (sometimes indirect) sources are also included. The final part of this contribution considers the evidence on “women’s speech” in Giovanni Boccaccio’s treatise De mulieribus claris.

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García-Ramos, Francisco-José, Francisco-A. Zurian y Patricia Núñez-Gómez. "Gender studies in Communication Degrees". Comunicar 28, n.º 63 (1 de abril de 2020): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3916/c63-2020-02.

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This paper is the result of a research carried out under the umbrella of the “UNESCO UniTWIN Network on Media, Gender, and ICTs” Project, and it tries to determine the presence of subjects with a specific focus on gender in the current Communication Degrees offered at Spanish universities. The inclusion of subjects about gender equality in relation to media follows the suggestions of the IV World Conference on Women in Beijing (1995). The main objective of this research will be to investigate the presence of these subjects in Communication Degrees, identifying the elements that define them at a thematic, methodological and relevant levels within the curriculum. A mixed methodological design is proposed based on ex-post-facto research, with a descriptive orientation and the search for improvement, a qualitative analysis of study plans using ATLAS.ti and a panel of experts. The results reveal a scarce presence of this type of subjects, with a higher percentage in public universities than in private ones, and also a minimal relevance as compulsory subjects. This research study reveals the current formal training in gender studies of future generations of media professionals and serves as an endorsement for forthcoming changes of curricula in the European Higher Education Area context. El presente trabajo es fruto de una investigación desarrollada en el marco del proyecto «UNESCO UniTWIN Network on Media, Gender, and ICTs» para determinar la presencia de asignaturas con un contenido específico en estudios de género en los actuales planes de estudio de los Grados españoles en el área de comunicación. La inclusión de asignaturas que aborden la igualdad de género en relación a los medios y procesos de comunicación obedece a lo establecido en la IV Conferencia Mundial sobre la Mujer de Beijing (1995). El objetivo principal de este trabajo será la indagación del nivel de presencia de estas asignaturas en los Grados en comunicación identificando los elementos que las definen a nivel temático, metodológico y relevancia dentro del plan de estudios. Se plantea un diseño metodológico mixto partiendo de una investigación ex-post-facto, con orientación descriptiva y de búsqueda de la mejora, un análisis cualitativo de planes de estudio mediante ATLAS.ti y un panel de expertos. Los resultados inciden en una escasa presencia de este tipo de asignaturas, con mayor porcentaje en la universidad pública respecto a la privada y una mínima relevancia como materia obligatoria. Un trabajo que vislumbra la actual formación reglada en cuestiones de género de las futuras generaciones de profesionales de los media y que sirve de apoyo para futuros cambios de planes de estudios en el Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior.

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Legato, Marianne J. "Gender-specific features of the experience of coronary artery disease". Gender Medicine 3 (enero de 2006): S16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1550-8579(06)80004-5.

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Marshall, Ethan A. y Holly A. Miller. "Examining Gender-Specific and Gender-Neutral Risk Factors in Women Who Sexually Offend". Criminal Justice and Behavior 46, n.º 4 (19 de septiembre de 2018): 511–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854818796872.

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Research on justice-involved women has provided evidence for the importance of using gender-specific information in the assessment, treatment, and understanding of criminal pathways and risk of recidivism in women who have committed offenses. Although research on women who have sexually offended suggests there are differences between men and women who sexually offend, no studies have compared gender-specific and gender-neutral factors to predict recidivism with this group. The current study provided an examination of gender-specific and gender-neutral recidivism risk factors in a sample of 225 women who had sexually offended and were subsequently released from custody with an average follow-up time of about 5 years. Results of the study indicate gender-specific factors, such as mental illness symptoms and victimization history, are demonstrative of risk of reoffense in women who sexually offend. These findings provide implications for future research regarding risk assessment and more effective application of treatment for this understudied population.

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Mancini, Mariangela, Marialaura Righetto y Giovannella Baggio. "Spotlight on gender-specific disparities in bladder cancer". Urologia Journal 87, n.º 3 (23 de diciembre de 2019): 103–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0391560319887327.

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Men are at a higher risk of developing bladder cancer, but women present with more advanced disease and have more unfavourable outcomes. Although epidemiologic and genetical studies have underlined the multifactorial aetiology and gender-related differences of bladder cancer, there is lack of evidence-based recommendation for gender-specific management of bladder cancer. We summarize the evidence and most recent findings on gender-specific differences in bladder cancer incidence, diagnosis, treatment and outcome, spotlighting the gender disparities in genetic and hormonal risk factors, pelvic anatomy, diagnostic setting and surgical choices. We reviewed the literature published on PubMed between 1981 and 2018. Males have a threefold to fourfold higher risk of bladder cancer as compared to females; however, women have higher stage-for-stage mortality, being diagnosed with more advanced disease, mostly due to a delay in haematuria evaluation. Numerous studies indicate an increased risk of disease recurrence or progression in women with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer treated with trans-urethral resection, with or without intravesical chemotherapy or immunotherapy, compared to males. In particular, recent molecular evidence show that there is an excess of female Ta mutant tumours. At the time of radical cystectomy, women have a significantly longer length of hospital stay, operative time, higher blood loss and higher 90-day mortality and perioperative complication rate. Moreover, females are less likely to receive a continent diversion. Future research should guarantee greater inclusion of women in trials and focus on improving the effectiveness of therapies in women, perhaps exploring different therapeutic approaches in men and women. Specific data on functional and oncological outcomes can be analysed to define predictive factors able to guide the surgeon in decisions based on evidence. It is urgently needed to limit gender-related discrepancies in early diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer. Public awareness and bladder cancer female patients’ consciousness on gender inequalities must be similarly uprisen.

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Mary, Ann. "Reworking Mollywood". SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJELLH 7, n.º 11 (28 de noviembre de 2019): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/ijellh.v7i11.10110.

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Gender studies, a form of scholarship with strong connections to women’s studies and LGBTQI studies primarily challenges what Gayle Rubin refers to as the “sex/gender system”, which positions heterosexuality as the only normal form of sexual relations and thus bifurcates humans into “males” and “females”. To better ensure the distinction of these two sexes, the sex/gender system demands that the males always behave in ways conventionally understood as “masculine” while females must behave in a traditionally “feminine” manner. By linking these sexes to these specific genders, Rubin argues, the sex/gender system works as a powerful regulator of individual behavior and social relations, particularly with regard to the subjugation of women.

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Zasina, Adrian Jan. "Gender-Specific Adjectives in Czech Newspapers and Magazines". Journal of Linguistics/Jazykovedný casopis 70, n.º 2 (1 de diciembre de 2019): 299–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jazcas-2019-0060.

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Abstract This study is one of the few studies dealing with gender in the Czech language using corpus methods. It focuses on the issue of gender in Czech journalistic texts from the years 2010–2014. The main goal was to investigate the extent of stereotypical images of men and women in the press. This analysis is based on adjectival collocations of the lexemes muž ‘man’ and žena ‘woman’ and their semantic categorization. The research uses a journalistic part of the SYN2015 corpus. First, gender-specific adjectival collocates were identified. Second, adjectival collocates were classified into semantic categories and analyzed within journalistic genres. This study has shown that certain adjectives tend to co-occur with one of the examined lexemes and project a gender-stereotypical image of men and women within particular journalistic genres. It was confirmed that men are strongly associated with age specification, strength, appearance, and negative situations as a subject of crime, whereas women are related to motherhood, attractiveness, ethnicity, nationality, and are more often seen as victims of crime.

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Slama, Katherine M. y Betty J. Slowey. "Gender-specific common nouns: Sex differences in self-use". Sex Roles 18, n.º 3-4 (febrero de 1988): 205–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00287790.

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Dreher, George F., Thomas W. Dougherty y William Whitely. "Influence tactics and salary attainment: A gender-specific analysis". Sex Roles 20, n.º 9-10 (mayo de 1989): 535–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00288200.

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Gianakos, Arianna L., Nicole George, Meghan Merklein, Lori Chambers, Joseph Daniel, Christopher DiGiovanni y John G. Kennedy. "Gender-Related Reporting Within Foot and Ankle Subspecialty Orthopaedic Literature is Lacking". Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 4, n.º 4 (1 de octubre de 2019): 2473011419S0018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011419s00183.

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Category: Ankle, Arthroscopy, Hindfoot, Midfoot/Forefoot, Trauma Introduction/Purpose: Differences in the prevalence of foot and ankle injuries between men and women have been established within the orthopedic literature, but reporting of these differences in treatment outcomes is lacking. The purpose of this study was to determine the trends in reporting of gender-specific outcomes in major orthopaedic foot and ankle related journals over the last 8 years. Methods: The five highest impact orthopaedic foot and ankle and sports specialty journals were selected for review. These included: Foot and Ankle International (FAI), Foot and Ankle Surgery (FAS), American Journal of Sports Medicine (AJSM), Arthroscopy, and Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy (KSSTA). All published issues in 2011 and 2016 were evaluated for the presence of gender-specific analyses by two independent reviewers. Studies were included if they met the following criteria: clinical randomized control studies, prospective studies, and retrospective studies. Case series, review articles, cadaveric studies, biomechanical studies, and animal studies were excluded. Journal article, percentage of female patients, body part evaluated, type of gender-specific analysis, and results of the analysis were recorded and analyzed. Results: A total of 529 studies evaluating a total of 103,099 patients were included in this review (Table 1). In all included studies, an average of 44.7% (46,116 patients) of the population were female. Only 13.6% (72/529) of studies included gender as variable in a multifactorial statistical model. 229 studies were included from 2011 and 300 studies were included from 2016 with only 10.4% (24/229) and 16.0% (48/300) of studies reporting gender specific statistical analysis, respectively (Table 2). There were no journals that demonstrated significant improvements in gender-reported rates from 2011 to 2016 (p=0.07). Twenty-four percent of the studies that performed gender-based statistical analysis demonstrated significant differences between male and female outcomes with the most common difference reported following management of ankle fractures (Table 3). Conclusion: The reporting of gender-specific differences in foot and ankle literature is lacking. Only 13.6% of studies analyzed for gender-specific differences. Within these studies, there has been significant differences in outcomes reported. Understanding these differences is important in order to more effectively manage and treat the male and female populations.

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Lee, Hong-Seock. "Gender-specific molecular heterosis and association studies: Dopamine D2 receptor gene and smoking". American Journal of Medical Genetics 118B, n.º 1 (4 de marzo de 2003): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.b.10036.

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Sappey-Marinier, Elliot, John Swan, Cécile Batailler, Elvire Servien y Sébastien Lustig. "No clinical benefit from gender-specific total knee replacement implants: a systematic review". SICOT-J 6 (2020): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/sicotj/2020023.

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Introduction: Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) remains the treatment of choice for severe osteoarthritis of the knee and nearly 60% of patients undergoing TKA are women. Females present three notable anatomic differences. Thus, gender-specific (GS) components were introduced to accommodate the females’ anatomic differences. No systematic review has been published since 2014. The aim of this study was to perform a recent systematic review of the literature to determine whether there is any clinical benefit of gender-specific implants compared to conventional unisex implants in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Methods: This study included prospective randomized controlled trials (PRCTs) comparing clinical and radiological outcomes, and complications in TKA with gender-specific implants and conventional implants. All studies had a minimum follow-up of two years. Results: Three PRCTs published between 2010 and 2012 were included. These studies showed a low risk of bias and were of very high quality. We did not find superior clinical outcomes for gender-specific prostheses compared to conventional prostheses. However, gender-specific TKA reduced the number of patients with femoral component overhang compared to conventional TKA. Conclusion: In our systematic review, despite a lower overhang rate, gender-specific implants in female TKA showed no clinical benefit over standard unisex implants. Good clinical results with significant improvement were observed with both designs. There is a notable absence of new studies on this subject in recent years, and further research needs to be performed using various gender-specific implant designs to further define the role of gender-specific implants. Level of evidence: Systematic review, Level IV

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Migliore, Lucia, Vanessa Nicolì y Andrea Stoccoro. "Gender Specific Differences in Disease Susceptibility: The Role of Epigenetics". Biomedicines 9, n.º 6 (8 de junio de 2021): 652. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9060652.

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Many complex traits or diseases, such as infectious and autoimmune diseases, cancer, xenobiotics exposure, neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases, as well as the outcome of vaccination, show a differential susceptibility between males and females. In general, the female immune system responds more efficiently to pathogens. However, this can lead to over-reactive immune responses, which may explain the higher presence of autoimmune diseases in women, but also potentially the more adverse effects of vaccination in females compared with in males. Many clinical and epidemiological studies reported, for the SARS-CoV-2 infection, a gender-biased differential response; however, the majority of reports dealt with a comparable morbidity, with males, however, showing higher COVID-19 adverse outcomes. Although gender differences in immune responses have been studied predominantly within the context of sex hormone effects, some other mechanisms have been invoked: cellular mosaicism, skewed X chromosome inactivation, genes escaping X chromosome inactivation, and miRNAs encoded on the X chromosome. The hormonal hypothesis as well as other mechanisms will be examined and discussed in the light of the most recent epigenetic findings in the field, as the concept that epigenetics is the unifying mechanism in explaining gender-specific differences is increasingly emerging.

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Lindeman, Sari, Esa Läärä, Helinä Hakko y Jouko Lönnqvist. "A Systematic Review on Gender-Specific Suicide Mortality in Medical Doctors". British Journal of Psychiatry 168, n.º 3 (marzo de 1996): 274–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.168.3.274.

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BackgroundSo far no comprehensive systematic review has been published about epidemiologic studies on suicides among medical practitioners. The aim here is to describe the variation of published estimates of relative risk of doctors to die from suicide.MethodA systematic review of published original articles on population-based studies, registered mainly in MEDLINE and fulfilling specific methodological requirements. Incidence rates and standardised mortality ratios were calculated for male and female doctors in relation to the reference groups.ResultsThe estimated relative risk varied from 1.1 to 3.4 in male doctors, and from 2.5 to 5.7 in female doctors, respectively as compared with the general population, and from 1.5 to 3.8 in males and from 3.7 to 4.5 in females, respectively, as compared with other professionals. The crude suicide mortality rate was about the same in male and female doctors.ConclusionIn all studies the suicide rates among doctors were higher than those in the general population and among other academic occupational groups.

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Strametz-Juranek, Jeanette. "Gender-specific aspects of antihypertensive therapy on sexual function in women". Gender Medicine 3 (enero de 2006): S33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1550-8579(06)80063-x.

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Legato, Marianne J. "The 1st World Congress on Gender-Specific Medicine: Report from Berlin". Gender Medicine 3, n.º 1 (marzo de 2006): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1550-8579(06)80187-7.

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Legato, Marianne J., Andrea Gelzer, Robin Goland, Susana A. Ebner, Sabitha Rajan, Victor Villagra y Mark Kosowski. "Gender-specific care of the patient with diabetes: Review and recommendations". Gender Medicine 3, n.º 2 (junio de 2006): 131–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1550-8579(06)80202-0.

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Ohmoto-Sekine, Yuki, Jun-ichi Suzuki, Ryoichi Shimamoto, Tadashi Yamazaki, Taeko Tsuji, Ryozo Nagai y Kuni Ohtomo. "Gender-Specific Clinical Characteristics of Deep Q Waves in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy". Gender Medicine 4, n.º 3 (septiembre de 2007): 274–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1550-8579(07)80046-5.

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Conklin, Annalijn I., Sherry XR Guo, Alexander CT Tam y Christopher G. Richardson. "Gender, stressful life events and interactions with sleep: a systematic review of determinants of adiposity in young people". BMJ Open 8, n.º 7 (julio de 2018): e019982. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-019982.

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ObjectivesOverweight and obesity among young people are high and rising. Social stressors and sleep are independently associated with obesity, but are rarely studied together or examined for gender-specific effects. The literature regarding adolescent populations is especially lacking. This review assesses whether experiencing stressful life events results in greater adiposity in young women and young men compared with those who do not experience stressful life events, and whether the relationship is modified by sleep problems.DesignWe systematically searched six bibliometric databases (Web of Science, Embase Ovid, PsycINFO, CINHAL, PubMed, ProQuest Dissertations) supplemented by hand searches. Longitudinal prospective studies or reviews were eligible for inclusion when they examined gender-specific changes in adiposity in young adults (age 13–18 years) as a function of stressful life event alone or in combination with sleep problems.ResultsWe found one study eligible for inclusion reporting mixed impact of stressful life events on body mass index (BMI) between genders. The study assessed specific life events and showed significantly lower BMI at follow-up among young men who experienced a residence change, but significantly higher BMI among young women who experienced setting up a family and who reported internal locus of control.ConclusionsDespite ample research on social stressors or sleep problems and weight, we still know little about the role of stressful life events, or combined effects with sleep, on obesity risk in adolescents from a gender perspective. Existing evidence suggests specific life events affect weight differently between the genders. Robust, high-quality longitudinal studies to decipher this dual burden on obesity during adolescence should be prioritised, as firm conclusions remain elusive.

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Rosano, Giuseppe M. C. y Peter Collins. "Gender differences in treatment of cardiovascular disease: a task force on gender of the ESC proposal on gender specific studies in cardiovascular pharmacology". Fundamental & Clinical Pharmacology 24, n.º 6 (11 de noviembre de 2010): 662–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-8206.2010.00895_2.x.

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Mizpah, R. "Gender Performativity in Perumal Murugan’s Estuary". Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 10, n.º 1 (26 de febrero de 2022): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2022.1019.

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Purpose of the study: The study aims to trace how the author has portrayed the characters in ways that they perform in specific ways to generate various effects that determine their gender roles. It aims to map gender performativity in the novel Estuary by close reading and analysing the acts and dialogues of the characters from a cultural context. Methodology: Qualitative analysis of the text was done to derive the findings. The text was subjected to close reading. The points relevant to the concept of gender performativity were highlighted using a pencil. The points were neatly organized and classified using a notebook. The points were developed into an essay by using critical thinking. Views from other disciplines such as psychology are incorporated making the study an interdisciplinary one. Main Findings: Though Perumal Murugan alters the stereotypical gender roles of Meghas’ parents at specific points in the novel, he reinforces them a more significant number of times than when he changes them. With his sarcasm as a tool, he supports Kumarasurar and Mangasuri as typical Indian parents of the 21st century, thereby stereotyping them in the novel. Applications of the study: This study will be useful in the fields of gender studies, cultural studies, domestic studies, the study of 21st century Tamil culture, South Asian studies, South Indian culture, etc. Novelty/Originality of the study: The study jots down the various ways in which gender is performed by a typical Tamil couple. Translated Tamil novels are rarely studied using the emerging literary theories including gender performativity. As the present analysis of the novel breaks down how gender is performed by the characters, it contributes to the field of gender studies as well as research on Tamil novels translated to English.

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Cafaro, R., B. Dell’Osso y T. Ketter. "Bipolar disorders distribution in the two genders: An analysis of recently published large sample studies". European Psychiatry 64, S1 (abril de 2021): S197—S198. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.524.

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IntroductionIn the last decade, literature reports evidences of a growing number of patients diagnosed with Bipolar Disorders (BD), however, only few data are available regarding the distribution of BD diagnosis in the two genders. In fact, although many studies show differences in presentation and comorbidities of BD in the two genders, BD are commonly perceived as equally affecting both women and men. On the other hand, BD in female patients can often be misdiagnosed as MDD, especially because of the higher number of depressive episodes that characterize BD in women.ObjectivesWe aimed to analyse the gender composition of large samples, recently published studies on BD, in order to evaluate a possible modification of representation of BD in the two genders.MethodsAn electronic review of literature was conducted, and results were filtered by year of publication (2011-2020) and number of patients (> 1,000).ResultsOur results show a higher number of female patients in every study evaluated (N=10). Of note, we found a higher number of females also in BD-I subsamples, in contradiction with previously published literature.ConclusionsEven if with limitations connected to the design of the study, our study supports the hypothesis of a gender specific increment in BD diagnosis, and could lead the way for large epidemiological studies assessing gender specific prevalence of BD in the general population. Given the risks connected with untreated BD, and with antidepressants monotherapy, a better understanding of BD epidemiology could help physicians adequately diagnose and treat affected subjects.

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Pfister, Gertrud y Gerald R. Gems. "Gender and the Sportification of Mountaineering: Case Studies". STADION 43, n.º 2 (2019): 234–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0172-4029-2019-2-234.

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The topic of this article is the history of mountaineering using the concepts of gender and “sportification” as theoretical frameworks. Mountains have been and in many regions of the world still are deserted areas which may be accessed by hunters or used in the valleys for goat and sheep framing. People who had to cross them used, as far as possible, the valleys. These attitudes and practices changed in the second half of the 19th century when climbing developed as a sport and when increasing numbers of male “alpinists” competed for first ascents. As this sport was difficult, strenuous and dangerous, mountains were considered as “playing grounds” of men. However, there were some female mountaineers who accompanied men or even climbed with other women. A specific focus of this article will be on the women who, in the true sense of the term, conquered new grounds countering gender stereotypes and the femininity ideals of the 19th and 20th centuries.

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Xu, Jiang y Lairson. "Spatio-Temporal Variation of Gender-Specific Hypertension Risk: Evidence from China". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, n.º 22 (17 de noviembre de 2019): 4545. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16224545.

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Previous studies which have shown the existence of gender disparities in hypertension risks often failed to take into account the participants’ spatial and temporal information. In this study, we explored the spatio-temporal variation for gender-specific hypertension risks in not only single-disease settings but also multiple-disease settings. From the longitudinal data of the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS), 70,374 records of 21,006 individuals aged 12 years and over were selected for this study. Bayesian B-spline techniques along with the Besag, York, and Mollie (BYM) model and the Shared Component Model (SCM) model were then used to construct the spatio-temporal models. Our study found that the prevalence of hypertension in China increased from 11.7% to 34.5% during 1991 and 2015, with a higher rate in males than that in females. Moreover, hypertension was found mainly clustered in spatially adjacent regions, with a significant high-risk pattern in Eastern and Central China while a low-risk pattern in Western China, especially for males. The spatio-temporal variation of hypertension risks was associated with regional covariates, such as age, overweight, alcohol consumption, and smoking, with similar effects of age shared by both genders whereas gender-specific effects for other covariates. Thus, gender-specific hypertension prevention and control should be emphasized in the future in China, especially for the elderly population, overweight population, and females with a history of alcohol consumption and smoking who live in Eastern China and Central China.

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Yavropoulou, Maria P., Athanasios D. Anastasilakis, Argyro Panagiotakou, Evanthia Kassi y Polyzois Makras. "Gender Predilection in Sporadic Parathyroid Adenomas". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, n.º 8 (22 de abril de 2020): 2964. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21082964.

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Primary hyperparathyroidism is a common endocrinopathy that is mainly caused by benign parathyroid adenomas. The frequency, clinical presentation and complications of the disease show significant differences between genders, with the majority of cases being reported in postmenopausal women. Due to this gender predilection, several studies have investigated the role of sex hormones in the pathogenesis of the disease and their potential use as targets for optimal and gender-specific management. Epigenetic mechanisms that regulate gene transcription may also contribute to these differences between genders. In this review, we outline what is currently known regarding the role of sex hormones and the recent data on the role of non-coding RNAs in the differences between genders in primary hyperparathyroidism due to sporadic parathyroid adenomas.

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McCray, Jason A., Alan R. King y Matthew D. Bailly. "General Versus Gender-Specific Attributes of the Psychology Major". Journal of General Psychology 132, n.º 2 (abril de 2005): 139–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3200/genp.132.2.139-150.

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Miltojević, Vesna, Ivana Ilić-Krstić y Anđelija Orlić. "Burnout in master's students: A case study". Safety Engineering 11, n.º 2 (2021): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/se2102065m.

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Burnout is associated with long-term exposure to workplace stress and it comprises exhaustion, cynicism, and the feeling of inadequacy as its dimensions. University students are exposed to a variety of stress-inducing factors during their studies regardless of the fact that they are not employees. The aim of this study is to examine the relations between specific sociodemographic variables and burnout dimensions among students of master academic studies. School Burnout Inventory (SBI-U 9) is used as the research instrument. The obtained results indicate that there is a connection between students' gender and tuition fee status and burnout. Gender is associated with exhaustion and the feeling of inadequacy, while tuition fee status affects all three dimensions.

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Anuth, Bernhard Sven. "Observations on the Magisterium’s Gender Anthropology and Its Consequences for Women in the Catholic Church". Religions 13, n.º 4 (31 de marzo de 2022): 305. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel13040305.

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The Catholic Church has a gender-hierarchical constitution. The Church’s magisterium justifies this structure and the lack of gender equality within the Church with the complementary sexuality of human beings as man and woman, which is considered to be the will of God. In this article, this doctrine is presented in detail, based on relevant documents of the Church‘s magisterium, and is classified with regard to its consequences for women within the Catholic Church. Even though the Church rejects criticism of its position as a dangerous “(gender) ideology”, fewer and fewer women (and men) accept its teaching of a specific “genius of women” and of the assigned gender-specific roles in the Church and in the world associated with it. Moreover, there is now a growing awareness that violence against women is usually related to such hierarchical gender concepts.

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Goodkind, Sara. "Gender-Specific Services in the Juvenile Justice System: A Critical Examination". Affilia 20, n.º 1 (febrero de 2005): 52–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886109904272061.

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Corella, Dolores, Oscar Coltell, Olga Portolés, Mercedes Sotos-Prieto, Rebeca Fernández-Carrión, Judith Ramirez-Sabio, Vicente Zanón-Moreno, Josiemer Mattei, José Sorlí y Jose Ordovas. "A Guide to Applying the Sex-Gender Perspective to Nutritional Genomics". Nutrients 11, n.º 1 (20 de diciembre de 2018): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11010004.

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Precision nutrition aims to make dietary recommendations of a more personalized nature possible, to optimize the prevention or delay of a disease and to improve health. Therefore, the characteristics (including sex) of an individual have to be taken into account as well as a series of omics markers. The results of nutritional genomics studies are crucial to generate the evidence needed so that precision nutrition can be applied. Although sex is one of the fundamental variables for making recommendations, at present, the nutritional genomics studies undertaken have not analyzed, systematically and with a gender perspective, the heterogeneity/homogeneity in gene-diet interactions on the different phenotypes studied, thus there is little information available on this issue and needs to be improved. Here we argue for the need to incorporate the gender perspective in nutritional genomics studies, present the general context, analyze the differences between sex and gender, as well as the limitations to measuring them and to detecting specific sex-gene or sex-phenotype associations, both at the specific gene level or in genome-wide-association studies. We analyzed the main sex-specific gene-diet interactions published to date and their main limitations and present guidelines with recommendations to be followed when undertaking new nutritional genomics studies incorporating the gender perspective.

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Rapanot, Czekaina Esrah, Fernando Paragas, Marrhon Mangalus, Catherine Faith Hoggang, y Mariam Jayne Agonos. "Reading Gender by the Column Inch: Analyzing Gender Representation in Philippine Print Advertisements". Plaridel 18, n.º 1 (junio de 2021): 265–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.52518/2021.18.1-04rpahm.

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The bulk of literature on reading gender in print advertisements studies magazines, which are a media form tailored for specific audiences. By analyzing gender representations in Philippine newspaper ads, this study aims to provide a reading of gender portrayals published in a more general interest medium. Results of the content analysis performed on 256 ads that appeared in top local publications revealed that while gendered inequalities did not strongly manifest in terms of character count and gender distribution, a closer reading of characters and their gendered differences with specific ad elements in terms of contexts, roles, and physicalities evidence the persistence of stereotypical gender representations in print ads.

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Gottfried, Michael A. y Jennifer Graves. "Peer Effects and Policy: The Relationship between Classroom Gender Composition and Student Achievement in Early Elementary School". B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy 14, n.º 3 (1 de julio de 2014): 937–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bejeap-2013-0123.

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Abstract The existence of gender peer effects has been well-documented, yet regarding estimates that are best-suited for policy formation, the literature finds somewhat mixed results. This article builds on the gender peer effects literature in a number of ways. First, we focus on early elementary school students, for which fewer studies exist. We also test whether effects in early elementary grades are subject-specific. Contrary to findings for older grade levels, we find that estimates by gender are subject-specific for the early elementary grades. Second, previous studies using similar estimation have focused on very different geographical areas, while this study makes use of nationally representative elementary school data for the United States. Third, we explore whether effects vary across grades, for which the existing literature finds mixed results. We find that the negative subject-specific effects of having a higher proportion of boys in the classroom increases in magnitude across grades, with insignificant effects in kindergarten, negative and significant by first grade, and larger negative and significant effects by third grade. Our findings suggest that a more balanced gender mix in the classroom is optimal for both reading and math comprehension for both boys and girls. However, regarding math performance, there is also suggestive evidence that a 100% separation of genders could improve girls’ math performance without consequences for boys’ math performance, motivating further research into single-gender subject-specific instruction.

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