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1
GANNON, SEÁN WILLIAM. "THE FORMATION, COMPOSITION, AND CONDUCT OF THE BRITISH SECTION OF THE PALESTINE GENDARMERIE, 1922–1926". Historical Journal 56, n.º 4 (30 de octubre de 2013): 977–1006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x13000253.
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ABSTRACTThe British Section of the Palestine Gendarmerie was raised in early 1922 by the colonial secretary, Winston Churchill, as a striking force and riot squad for Palestine. Through the agency of the Irish police chief, General Hugh Tudor, this British Gendarmerie was recruited almost entirely from amongst the Royal Irish Constabulary (RIC) and its Auxiliary Division, then in the process of disbanding as part of the recent Anglo-Irish settlement. The international notoriety of the Black and Tans led to official efforts to obscure the fact that the force was to be drawn from RIC ranks but these were entirely unsuccessful. Indeed, the British Gendarmerie itself quickly acquired a reputation for Black and Tan-type behaviour but an examination of its four-year career indicates that this derived more from preconceptions about the force's composition than from its actual conduct. In fact, in terms of force discipline and levels of police brutality, the British Gendarmerie's record compared very favourably with those of its ‘parent’ forces in Ireland, lending support to recent claims that historians have tended to over-value character-based explanations at the expense of circumstance-based assessments when analysing police behaviour both during the Irish revolution and the Palestine Mandate.
2
Legkiy, Dmitry y Yerden Ibrayev. ""Represents fertile ground for the development of the recalcitrant spirit of the population". Karkaraly district in the documents of the Omsk gendarme department at the beginning of the 20th century". Bulletin of the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. Historical Sciences. Philosophy. Religion Series 146, n.º 1 (2024): 164–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2616-7255-2024-146-1-164-187.
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The archival documents confirm that the police department at the beginning of the 20th century carried out a deep analysis of the socio-political situation, primarily negative processes in the national outskirts of the Russian Empire, foreseeing their undesirable result for state development in the context of modernization and the simultaneous strengthening of the social and revolutionary movement in the Steppe region. The materials of the article confirm that, despite the defeat of the First Russian Revolution of 1905-1907, the general crisis of the autocratic form of government intensified, which resulted in the failure of the colonial policy on the territory of the national outskirts of the Russian Empire, including Kazakhstan. This can be seen on the example of studying the documents of the office of the Orenburg Governor, the Omsk gendarmerie department on the situation in the Karkaralinsky district at the beginning of the 20th century. At the same time, an analysis of archival materials is being carried out, how the police supervision of Akhmet Baitursynov was carried out. Sources identified in the course of work with the funds of the State Archives of the Russian Federation, the State Archives of the Orenburg Region, allowed the authors to study the details of the political investigation behind the leaders Alash, A. Baitursynov and his closest associates. The study allows us to understand the forms and methods of political investigation in the Russian Empire by the gendarmerie and the police, to find out who directly carried out this policy in the Orenburg province and the Steppe region. The general conclusion is the thesis that the Kazakh national intelligentsia, despite the opposition and repressive measures on the part of the tsarist authorities, became an integral part of the people's liberation movement in the countries of the East.
3
Ibrayev, Y. Y. ""FURTHER SUPERVISION ESTABLISHED." AKHMET BAYTURSYNOV UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF THE TSAR'S GUARD (1907-1910)". History of the Homeland 98, n.º 2 (29 de junio de 2022): 123–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.51943/1814-6961_2022_2_123.
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This article examines the period of Akhmet Baitursynov's life from 1907 to 1910, when he was under the supervision of the tsarist secret police, labeled “politically unreliable”.The article provides data from such sources as a letter from Baitursynov's wife Badrisafa to the Steppe Governor-General Shmit E. O. and articles by Alikhan Bukeikhanov, which provide arguments about the need to release Akhmet Baitursynov from the walls of the Semipalatinsk prison. Archival documents of the office of the Orenburg Governor are also subjected to scientific analysis, including data from the Orenburg gendarmerie about the need for “special supervision” of A. Baitursynov, as a result of his political calls to stop paying taxes and taxes to representatives ofthe colonial regime. The article indicates the reason why Baitursynov's surname was distorted in the police archives of the tsarist period. Thus, even before the events of the February Revolution of 1917 began, Akhmet Baitursynov aroused well-founded fears of the tsarist secret police.
4
Rongé, Jean-Luc. "Police, gendarmerie : légalité des armes". Journal du droit des jeunes 224, n.º 4 (2003): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/jdj.224.0018.
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Pinto, Verónica Mendes, Tiago Gonçalves Silva y José Silvestre Silva. "Drones in Surveillance Missions: Case Study of the Gendarmerie Forces of the Iberian Countries". International Journal on Cybernetics & Informatics 12, n.º 6 (7 de octubre de 2023): 139–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/ijci.2023.120611.
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The objective of this work is to support the continuous development and modernization of the Gendarmerie Forces, analyzing the use of Drones in the police activities of the Portuguese and Spanish Gendarmerie forces, examining the extent to which the implementation and expansion of these resources represent an advantage for the police service and operations of the Gendarmerie. Due to the great changes taking place in the world, it is crucial to rethink state security. The convergence of internal and external threats, together with the increase in the feeling of insecurity on a global scale, are emerging factors that require different strategies of the security forces, especially with regard to the support tools used. Thus, there was a need to analyze the legal panorama of the Drones used in police, military and customs missions, verifying their classification as state aircraft, verifying the current doctrine (civil, military and police), taking into account the analysis of these scenarios. To this end, a methodology based on the inductive method was adopted, which made it possible to generalize the data collected through the analysis of data on the Spanish Gendarmerie force, appreciating their characteristics and use, with the aim of comparing the modus operandi with the Portuguese Gendarmerie force.
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Kolpakov, Petr Aleksandrovich. "Provision of sanitary standards by the gendarmerie railway police of the Russian Empire in the late XIX-early XX centuries." Genesis: исторические исследования, n.º 11 (noviembre de 2023): 124–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-868x.2023.11.68887.
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The article is devoted to the reconstruction of the historical experience of the participation of gendarmerie police officers in ensuring sanitary order on the railways of the Russian Empire. The purpose of this article is to study measures to prevent the spread of dangerous infectious diseases taken by the railway gendarmerie, both in cooperation with medical and sanitary services, and independently. The object of the study is the historical experience of the official activities of the gendarmerie railway police of the Russian Empire. The subject is the role of gendarmes in ensuring sanitary standards on railways. Along with general scientific methods of analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction and concretization, the author used historical-systemic and historical-genetic research methods. The theoretical basis of the study, along with the published materials, were the office documents of the gendarmerie railway police, which are stored in the State Archives of the Russian Federation. It is concluded that the ranks of the gendarmerie railway police performed a significant role in ensuring sanitary standards by bypassing the entrusted sites, assisting doctors in veterinary examinations, inspections of premises for the detention of prisoners of war, preventing outbreaks of epidemics on the railways that would pose a threat to the health and life of the population on a global scale.
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Kolpakov, Petr Aleksandrovich. "Police protection of postal activities by railway gendarmes in the Russian Empire". Genesis: исторические исследования, n.º 7 (julio de 2023): 34–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-868x.2023.7.43581.
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The article is devoted to the reconstruction of the historical experience of police protection of postal institutions by the ranks of gendarmerie police departments of railways in the Russian Empire. The purpose of this article is to study the main measures that were implemented by the gendarmerie police to ensure the safety of postal transportation by rail, as well as the disclosure of the tactics of intruders who committed daring robberies on mail trains. The object of the study is the historical experience of the official activities of the gendarmerie railway police of the Russian Empire. The subject is the police protection of the activities of the post office within the railways by gendarmes. Following the fundamental principles of historicism, comprehensiveness and objectivity formed the methodological basis of the study. During the research, the author relied on the apparatus of general scientific methods of analysis, synthesis, induction, concretization. The use of special historical research methods made it possible to reveal the content of the process of police protection of postal items from criminal encroachments within the domestic railways: from the standpoint of the historical-systematic method, the gendarmerie service is understood as an integral complex of interrelated measures; the historical-genetic method made it possible to form a detailed description of the main features of the railway gendarmes service in terms of the protection of postal goods.
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Kolpakov, P. A. y R. A. Arslanov. "Counterintelligence Activities of Gendarmerie Railway Police before and during World War I". Nauchnyi dialog 12, n.º 10 (23 de diciembre de 2023): 360–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-10-360-377.
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The article analyzes the role of the gendarmerie railway police in the system of counterintelligence agencies in the Russian Empire before and during World War I. Based on documentary materials, the goals of enemy espionage on railways are revealed. Measures taken by the gendarmerie to restrict photography of railway infrastructure are examined. Through analysis of secret correspondence between gendarmerie leaders and railway department heads, categories of individuals most actively recruited by German and Austro-Hungarian intelligence for espionage are identified: prisoners of war, foreign nationals not involved in combat, and children. The organization of surveillance of foreign officials’ railway transport movements within the Russian Empire is also explored. The conclusion is drawn that the gendarmerie railway police’s ability to carry out counterintelligence tasks was complicated by their simultaneous duties as general and political police, as well as the scale of the infrastructure they were tasked with protecting.
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Farcy, Jean-Claude. "La gendarmerie, police judiciaire au XIXe siècle". Histoire, économie et société 20, n.º 3 (2001): 385–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/hes.2001.2234.
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Pinto, Verónica Mendes, Tiago Gonçalves Silva y José Silvestre Silva. "Gendarmerie Drones Used in National Security Missions". International Journal of Database Management Systems 15, n.º 4/5 (27 de octubre de 2023): 01–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/ijdms.2023.15501.
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This research advocates support for the continuous development and modernization of the police and gendarmic forces, analysing the use of Drones in the operational activities of the Portuguese and Spanish security, police and gendarmic forces: the GNR and the Guardia Civil. Analysing the implementation and expansion of Drones, valuing how the use of these means is advantageous for the police service and for the operations of the GNR and Guardia Civil. Due to the major changes taking place in the world, it is crucial to rethink security and Portugal is gradually adapting to this reality, resulting in new demands for daily police service. The adopted methodology is based on the inductive method that allowed the data collected through analysis to be generalized of data on Drones of the Guardia Civil, appreciating their characteristics and use, with the aim of understanding and comparing their modus operandi regarding the use of Drones in the GNR. In short, it was possible to verify the importance and potential of Drones in surveillance, reconnaissance and target tracking missions having been carried out productive and important conclusions for building Drones capacity in the GNR.
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Madenüs, Murat. "Perceptions of farmers about Turkish Gendarmerie: A phenomenological analysis in Bozkurt". International Journal of Rural Criminology 8, n.º 2 (26 de marzo de 2024): 187–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.18061/ijrc.v8i2.8945.
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The aim of this phenomenology study is to reveal what the Turkish Gendarmerie means to Turkish farmers and how it is affected after the experience of agricultural crime victimisation. In this study, semi-structured interviews conducted with 21 farmers who were exposed to agricultural crime between 2017 and 2019 in Bozkurt were analysed with the Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis method. Results show that farmers interact with the gendarmerie from their childhood. As time passes, they experience the positive qualities of the gendarmerie and construct a positive perception of the gendarmerie in their minds. Many farmers experience the caring and successful practices of the gendarmerie after being exposed to crime and reinforce their positive perceptions. On the other hand, farmers who are not satisfied with this process do not experience a radical change in their positive perceptions. It is possible to conclude that this situation stems from the positive perception of the gendarmerie that farmers have constructed in their minds since their childhood and that the gendarmerie means much more than a simply a rural police force for them.
12
Betke, Carl. "Pioneers and Police on the Canadian Prairies, 1885‑1914". Historical Papers 15, n.º 1 (26 de abril de 2006): 9–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/030848ar.
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Résumé Encore récemment, et ce, jusqu'à ce que paraisse l'étude de R. C. Macleod en 1976, la bonne réputation de la Gendarmerie royale du Nord-Ouest reposait sur le souvenir d'exploits extraordinaires; en effet, légendes et traditions s'étaient plu à évoquer les actions mémorables que ce corps policier aurait accomplies dans sa lutte contre les Amérindiens et les criminels de l'époque. Macleod, pour sa part, a remis cette interprétation en question et il estime que le succès de la gendarmerie doit plutôt être attribué au fait que ce corps policier était à la fois bien organisé et bien discipliné. C'est cette récente interprétation que l'auteur de cet article veut nuancer. Il se demande, d'une part, comment on peut la prendre au pied de la lettre quand on sait qu'après 1885, ni les Amérindiens, ni les criminels ne constituaient une réelle menace dans l'ouest canadien et, d'autre part, à quoi il faut attribuer la popularité bien réelle de la gendarmerie si elle ne repose pas sur la lutte contre l'Amérindien et le criminel. A la lumière d'une source tout à fait particulière, soit celle des rapports quotidiens que rédigeaient les membres de la gendarmerie, l'auteur démontre que cette popularité tient du fait de sa présence constante auprès de la population. La plupart du temps, le policier patrouillait le pays, passant de ferme en ferme; il aidait le pionnier à résoudre certains problèmes et c'était à lui qu'on avait recours en cas de danger ou d'urgence, qu'il s'agisse d'incendies, de disette ou de maladies. Dans ces années de durs labeurs, cette présence du policier et les nombreux services qu'il rendait étaient de nature à faire bonne impression et à asseoir sa popularité auprès de la population locale.
13
PIAHANAU, Aliaksandr. "Police Violence During the “Belle Epoqueˮ. Formation and Activity of the Hungarian Royal Gendarmerie (1881–1914)". Novaia i noveishaia istoriia, n.º 1 (2022): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s013038640018257-0.
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Drawing on statistical and press data, the article analyses the dynamics and socio-political context of violence on the part of the Hungarian Royal Gendarmerie on the eve of the Great War. It attempts to establish the political context of the formation of the Gendarmerie in Hungary in 1881, to identify situations in which its officers engaged in physical violence, and to trace the dynamics of its development up to 1914. The Gendarmerie, formed in 1881 primarily from ethnic Magyars, was the largest law enforcement body at the direct disposal of the Hungarian government. Its personnel rose from 5,500 in the mid-1880s to 12,000 by 1914. During this time, its law enforcement responsibilities extended beyond the countryside to towns and cities. Gendarmes were regularly called upon by the authorities to suppress mass demonstrations and strikes, and to organise parliamentary elections and conduct political investigations. Official reports indicate that violence peaked in the late 1880s, mid-1890s, and 1905–1910. The Trans-danubian region was the most dangerous zone for the gendarmerie, but the quietest were Felvidék and Transylvania. The death toll at the hands of the gendarmes remains unknown, but the royal gendarmerie reported using weapons around hundred times a year. The article suggests that the violence and relative impunity of the gendarmes undermined public confidence in the government.
14
Brochot-Denys, Alain. "Les fonctions de police judiciaire de la Gendarmerie". Revue Historique des Armées 185, n.º 4 (1991): 63–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/rharm.1991.4076.
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Haberbusch, Benoît. "L'imaginaire colonial de la gendarmerie. À travers la Revue de la gendarmerie, 1928-2000". Sociétés & Représentations 16, n.º 2 (2003): 295. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/sr.016.0295.
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Özbek, Nadir. "POLICING THE COUNTRYSIDE: GENDARMES OF THE LATE 19TH-CENTURY OTTOMAN EMPIRE (1876–1908)". International Journal of Middle East Studies 40, n.º 1 (octubre de 2008): 47–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743807080087.
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This article lays groundwork for a more systematic history of the Ottoman gendarmerie (jandarma), here with special emphasis on the men in the corps and their working conditions. The gendarmerie, which before 1879 reform the Ottomans called asakir-i zabtiye, was a provincial paramilitary police organization established by bureaucrats of the Tanzimat state during the 1840s on an ad hoc basis. This force later acquired a more uniform and centralized character, becoming the empire's principal internal security organization. Through this paramilitary police institution, 19th-century Ottoman bureaucrats aimed to extend their authority into the provinces, which at that time could be described as only marginally under Ottoman sovereignty according to contemporary definitions of the term. From the late 18th century on, extending state sovereignty to recognized territorial boundaries emerged as a vital need for most European states as well as the Ottoman Empire. Along with other modern military and civil institutions and modern administrative practices, introducing various types of paramilitary provincial police forces enabled governments in Europe to enhance and extend their authority over territories in which it had been limited. The gendarmerie thus emerged in both Europe and in the Ottoman Empire as integral to modern state formation and its technologies of government. Although acknowledging the Pan-European context of the gendarmerie's emergence and its theoretical ramifications, the present article is concerned more with the Ottoman context within which this police corps was established, evolved, and took on a uniquely Ottoman form.
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Shteinikov, Sergei N. "ORGANIZATION OF PROVINCIAL GENDARMERIE ADMINISTRATION IN THE 7TH KAZAN GENDARMERIE DISTRICT ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE PERM PROVINCE". History and Archives 5, n.º 3 (2023): 44–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2658-6541-2023-5-3-44-55.
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The Russian political police were constantly reformed depending on changes in the domestic political situation in the country. Since 1867, provincial gendarmerie administration became an important part of it. Starting their activities as controlling bodies, the State Police gradually turned into basic units of political investigation with broad investigative powers and with a fairly extensive range of responsibilities in general. At the same time, at the local level they remained the most massive institutions of political investigation, which existed until the fall of the tsarist regime in 1917. In the article, on the basis of archival material, the author for the first time considers the process of formation of the Perm provincial Gendarmerie Administration (PPGA) and identifies the issues faced during the formation. He also identifies PGWU officer personnel as well as for the first time he publishes lists of non-commissioned officers of the first enlistment to the PGWU observation staff.
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Öztürk, Emsal y Nazlı Yanar. "Comparison of Defence Arts by Country in Law Enforcement Education". Scientific Bulletin 26, n.º 2 (1 de diciembre de 2021): 168–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bsaft-2021-0020.
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Abstract Law Enforcement Defence and Intervention Techniques (LEDIT) are the methods of defence and intervention applied to suspects, criminals, and individuals who threaten security and public order, by the authority granted by law to the gendarmerie personnel who have the duty of security, public order, and safety. The aim of this study is to analyse the martial arts used by law enforcement officers by country. In this study, which was designed for a descriptive purpose, the data were obtained from the websites of the Police and Gendarmerie Forces, from the replies to the defence techniques information request letter written to the embassies, and from the theses and articles published in the relevant field, by using the scanning method. According to the data obtained, it has been observed that many countries use more than one defence technique. As a result, all countries in the world either created their own fighting styles for close-range combat or took them from other countries and blended them within their own styles. The study group of the research consists of the police forces of 22 countries, including Turkey, and 6 countries affiliated to the International Gendarmerie and Law Enforcement Forces with Military Status (FIEP).
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Zverev, V. O. y O. G. Polovnikov. "Secret Agents of the Russian Gendarmerie in the Fight against Espionage at the Beginning of the First World War". Modern History of Russia 10, n.º 4 (2020): 892–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu24.2020.405.
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The article discusses the limited intelligence capabilities of the gendarmerie departments of the Warsaw Governor General (Lomzinska, Warsaw, Kielce, Lublin, and Radom provinces) in the fight against German and Austrian spies in the second half of 1914 and the first half of 1915. One reason for the secret police’s lack of readiness is the reluctance of the gendarmerie-police authorities to organize counter-response work on an appropriate basis. The rare, fragmentary, and not always valuable information received by agents of the investigating authorities did not allow the gendarmes to organize full-scale and successful operational work on a subordinate territory to identify hidden enemies of the state. The low potential, and, in some cases, the complete uselessness of secret service personnel for the interests of the military wanted list led to the fact that most politically disloyal persons were accidentally identified by other special services. In most cases, spies were detected either due to information from army intelligence and counterintelligence agencies, or due to the vigilance of military personnel of the advanced units of the Russian army. The authors conclude that the gendarmerie departments were unable to organize a systematic operational escort of military personnel of the Russian armies deployed in the Warsaw Military District. Despite the fact that the duty of the gendarmerie police included not only criminal procedures, but also operational searches, there was no qualified identification of spies with the help of secret officers.
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Pororo, Anca Elena. "Relația poliție – jandarmerie în județul Buzău în perioada 1929-1940 (instituții de ordine publică la oraș, respectiv sat)". Teologie și educație la "Dunărea de Jos" 17 (12 de junio de 2019): 283–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.35219/teologie.2019.12.
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The beginning of the economic crisis in our country, the emergence of new elements against state security, led to the adoption in the year 1929 of the Lawfor the organization of the general state police and the Law on the organization of the rural gendarmerie. The role of policemen and gendares has intensified, both as activity and accountability. The mission of the two institutions was to ensure the maintenance of public order and security, enforcement of laws in urban and rural areas. In their jurisdiction they had: prevention of crime, investigation and prosecution of all offences provided by civil, military law, gathering of information on state security and reporting to the upper management. Regarding the police-gendarmerie relationship, very important were the Instructions of July 1930 to establish service links between the two institutions, drawn up by the General Inspectorate of Gendarmerie and approved by the Ministry of Interior. Close collaboration had to be in the interest of the service, order and public safety, without regard to other aspects. A good collaboration existed with the other local authorities. At the level of the Buzau county was constituted in the year 1931 the Administrative Cooperation Council, of which were part: the county prefect, the Chief of Police, the commander of the Legion of Gendarme, the commander of the Garrison. In the meetings were discussed the most important problems in Buzau County, as well as the measures taken. Police and gendarmerie reports record certain special events in Buzau County, such as: theft, insults, scandals, beatings, injuries, suicides, murders, accidents, fires, prunings, epidemics, disappearances, desertion, vagrancy. Measures were taken to prevent railroad attacks in order to ensure peace and public safety around the elections in order to prevent any acts of brutality on voters or supporters of one party or another. Among the powers of police and gendarmerie are the control of foreigners from towns and villages, their activity being closely supervised, and suspicious personswere banished from the country. They were checking even the Romanian citizens coming to the area, asking for information about their past from the policies of the cities where they had their last home. Police and gendarmerie received clear orders regarding the actions they had to undertake if the Communists attempted to provoke revolutionary movements and attacks against the authorities. At the same time, they informed the upper management about all meetings, congresses, meetings held in the village and the city. They reported information on how the events were, the number of participants, the people taking the floor.A number of documents deal with the legionary problem, the work carried out by the “Everything for the country“. We find that the police and gendarmerie authorities have taken repressive measures against the Legion organization. There have been searches at the home of the heads and members of the legionaries, they have confiscated weapons and various brochures, manifests. Some have been arrested, brought to military courts or been established as forced residence in other counties. Very important are the reports on the state of mind of the population, which include aspects relating to economic, social, political, minorities and religious sects. It was recorded the general dissatisfaction of the population due to the expensive clothing, footwear and food, felt in all social layers, but especially among the retired. About the minority population we learn that it consisted of: Hungarians, Bulgarians, Russians, Germans, Serbs, Polons, Turks, Greeks, Italians, Armenians, Albanians, Austrians. Among them there were people suspected of espionage. Police officers in collaboration with the Gendares played an important role in the withdrawal, control and supervision of refugees from Bessarabia and Northen Bukovina in the year 1940. For their verification, they were asked for maximum attention, some of whom may have been sent as spies. Research and supervision were difficult because of the large number of refugees and that some of them did not respect the home settlements fixed. By studying the archive documents I wanted to highlight the collaborative relations between the two structures, the cooperation missions, the formation of mixed patrols, the raids, the way to act according to the events that marked the history of Romanians.
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Friesendorf, Cornelius. "Gendarmeries in Multinational Operations". Journal of International Peacekeeping 21, n.º 1-2 (7 de junio de 2017): 125–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18754112-02101004.
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It has been argued that the deployment of gendarmerie forces can help establish public order and security in international interventions. However, little is known empirically about gendarmeries in multinational operations. This article examines the Italian Carabinieri in post-war Bosnia-Herzegovina, post-war Kosovo, and war-time Afghanistan. It shows that in these missions, the Carabinieri were able and willing to carry out a variety of activities, including crowd management, arrests, and the training of host state police, and that the gendarmeries flexibly adapted to the respective mission context. However, the article also points at limitations of gendarmerie operations and identifies knowledge gaps relating to the activities and the effects of such operations. The debate on, and practice of, militarized police intervention in war-torn countries would benefit from the systematic collection of data and information. Unfortunately, such collection faces significant challenges.
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Mouhanna, Christian. "Police, gendarmerie et population�: chronique d�un divorce annonc�". Apr�s-demain N�16,NF, n.º 4 (2010): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/apdem.016.0022.
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Kolpakov, Petr A. "Counteraction to the spread of anti-government publications on the railroads of Russia in the last quarter of the XIX - early XX century. On the materials of the gendarme railway police". Herald of an archivist, n.º 1 (2024): 179–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2024-1-179-192.
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The article is devoted to the reconstruction of the historical experience of countering the spread of revolutionary and anti-war literature within the steel highways of the Russian Empire in the last quarter of the 19th – early 20th centuries. Based on an analysis of the records of the gendarmerie railway police, two main directions of the gendarmes’ struggle with anti-government publications were identified - supervisory activities and obtaining information from secret informants. The importance of countering the spread of illegal publications on railways was determined by the concentration of passengers within their infrastructure. This struggle took on particular significance during the First World War, when the activity of agitators was aimed at instilling pacifist sentiments among the lower ranks and officers. Through the press, revolutionaries criticized the tsarist government and the decisions it made; discredited the imperial family and the ruling dynasties of countries allied with Russia. The Police Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs notified the railway gendarmerie police departments (GPUZD) about the admission of representatives of public organizations and publishing houses to railway stations. The legality of the activities of literature distributors was checked by gendarmerie officials. Often, agitators resorted to subterfuge, handing over revolutionary literature under covers that did not arouse suspicion. The supervision of the gendarmerie railway police also covered events held at mobile exhibition carriages and lecture carriages. The books and brochures given to their visitors were studied. The largest number of prohibited publications was identified during inspections of library bookcases located at railway stations. To discover hidden copies, it was allowed to send informants to librarians with a request to provide prohibited literature for reading. The provision of such a service by a librarian became the basis for a careful inspection of the institution entrusted to him. The interaction of railway gendarmes with informants was not limited to the supervision of libraries. Information was received from agents among the revolutionaries about cargoes of illegal literature transported by rail. The names of such cargo in the accompanying documentation were distorted by the senders. Cases of railway employees assisting in the transportation of revolutionary literature on trains were revealed. It was concluded that the gendarmerie implemented a wide range of measures aimed at suppressing the spread of harmful literature within the railway infrastructure entrusted to them. At the same time, the depth of the socio-political crisis in Russia, which ended with the destruction of the empire in 1917, did not allow the gendarmes to radically influence the spread of revolutionary agitation.
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Gorbachov, V. P. "Practice of relationships between the Prosecutor’s office and the gendarmerie in the investigation of political crimes". Bulletin of Kharkiv National University of Internal Affairs 83, n.º 4 (28 de diciembre de 2018): 28–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.32631/v.2018.4.03.
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The article discusses the practice of the relationships between the Prosecutor’s office and the gendarmerie, which formed during the investigation of political crimes in the Russian Empire after the judicial reform of 1864.
It is indicated that the law of May 19, 1871 changed the legal relationships between the gendarmerie and the Prosecutor’s office. The gendarmerie was given the right to conduct an inquiry, and the prosecutor’s office was entrusted with the supervision of this activity. Central agencies targeted the prosecutor’s office and the gendarmerie to coordinate their activities in the investigation of political crimes, which resulted in their gradual rapprochement.
In practice, the Prosecutor’s office began to take an active part in the conduct of inquiries on the state crimes. As a result, it gradually lost its original meaning “guardian of the law and an impartial observer for the correctness of the actions of a person who conducted the inquiry”.
The actual relationships between the Prosecutor’s office and the gendarmerie was not unambiguous. They largely depended on specific individuals and could be diametrically opposed. Along with the relations of “mutual understanding” there were also facts of direct conflicts between the prosecutor’s office and the gendarmerie. Despite such different relationship, in society, the existing level of political repression “was attributed to the joint and solidary activities of zealous gendarmes with zealous prosecutors”. The career of prosecutors depended largely on the relationship with the gendarmerie.
Later, during the inquiry, many prosecutors began to lose their impartiality and gradually turned into agents of gendarmerie goals. According to the figurative expression of the former Chairman of the Council of Ministers S. Witte, the Minister of justice himself “from the Supreme guardian of legality became an assistant to the chief of gendarmes and the chief of secret police”.
25
Cathala, François. "Emblèmes et devises de la maréchaussée à la Gendarmerie nationale". Revue Historique des Armées 240, n.º 3 (2005): 54–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/rharm.2005.5736.
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Crests and mottoes from Marchalsea to the state police force ; The evolution of the crests and mottoes attributed to the Marchalsea of the old regime then to its heiress, the state police force from 1791, indicates the great steps of French History. The members of this police with a military status represent “the arms of the law” which is named under the old Regime the “judges with boots”. This force remains subordinate directly to the Power in place or to its representatives all along History. This is through the evolution of crests and mottoes of this authority that its history is gone over. This one is crossed with the process involved by the traditional heraldry from the XVIth century and which finds expression in a growing simplification of signs of recognition of the prominent characters. This trend is followed by two great steps. The French revolution gives birth to the sign of recognition of a Nation whereas the Empire lays the foundations of the regimental crests such as we know them nowadays.
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Özbek, Nadir. "POLICING THE COUNTRYSIDE: GENDARMES OF THE LATE 19TH-CENTURY OTTOMAN EMPIRE (1876–1908)". International Journal of Middle East Studies 40, n.º 1 (febrero de 2008): 67a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743807080361.
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This article lays the groundwork for a more systematic history of the Ottoman gendarmerie (jandarma), with special emphasis on the men in the corps and their working conditions. Through this paramilitary police institution, 19th-century Ottoman bureaucrats aimed to extend their authority into the provinces, which at that time could be described as only marginally under Ottoman sovereignty according to contemporary definitions of the term. From the late 18th century on, extending state sovereignty to recognized territorial boundaries emerged as a vital need for most European states as well as the Ottoman Empire. Along with other modern military and civil institutions and modern administrative practices, introducing various types of paramilitary provincial police forces enabled governments in Europe to enhance and extend their authority over territories where it had been limited. The gendarmerie thus emerged in both Europe and the Ottoman Empire as integral to modern state formation and its technologies of government. While acknowledging the Pan-European context of the gendarmerie's emergence and its theoretical ramifications, the present article is concerned more with the Ottoman context within which this police corps was established, evolved, and took on a uniquely Ottoman form.
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Renglet, Antoine. "Jacques-Olivier Boudon (dir.), Police et gendarmerie dans l’Empire napoléonien". Crime, Histoire & Sociétés 18, n.º 2 (1 de octubre de 2014): 142–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/chs.1515.
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Moullier, Igor. "Jacques-Olivier Boudon (dir.), Police et gendarmerie dans l’Empire napoléonien". Annales historiques de la Révolution française, n.º 375 (1 de marzo de 2014): 224–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/ahrf.13111.
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Petiteau, Natalie. "Jacques-Olivier Boudon [dir.], Police et gendarmerie dans l’Empire napoléonien". Revue d'histoire du XIXe siècle, n.º 46 (1 de junio de 2013): 196–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/rh19.4462.
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Arslanov, R. A. y P. A. Kolpakov. "Gendarmerie Railway Police of Russian Empire in Early 20th Century: Working with Political Agents". Nauchnyi dialog 12, n.º 7 (7 de octubre de 2023): 218–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-7-218-235.
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The study examines the historical experience of interaction between the gendarmerie railway police of the Russian Empire and covert informants in political organizations. It explores the establishment of intelligence work on railways, the monitoring of its effectiveness, the verification of the reliability of secret agents, and the identification of provocateurs and blackmailers among them. The materials for analysis are extracted from previously unpublished secret and top-secret case files of the gendarmerie police departments of the railways. The authors provide their own definition of intelligence work. It is emphasized that priority was given to recruiting informants who had a financial interest in collaborating with the police. The study demonstrates that the value of information obtained by secret agents was the main criterion for evaluating the effectiveness of financial resources allocated to intelligence work. The authors highlight the need for caution in establishing relationships between railway gendarmes and informants due to the possibility of assassination attempts against handlers or the provision of misinformation. The study concludes that assigning the duty of recruiting political agents and obtaining information through them was justified by the need to suppress revolutionary movements, but inertia in acquiring informants and the scale of crises in the empire prevented the achievement of the set goal.
31
Freyssinet, Éric. "Transformation numérique de la gendarmerie nationale". Sécurité et stratégie 31, n.º 3 (19 de marzo de 2024): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/sestr.031.0020.
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Le colonel Éric Freyssinet est chef de la Mission numérique de la gendarmerie nationale depuis le 1 er mai 2017, dans la continuité de 19 ans de carrière dans le domaine de la lutte contre la cybercriminalité à des postes techniques, stratégiques et opérationnels. Il a notamment exercé comme chef du département informatique-électronique de l’Institut de recherche criminelle de la gendarmerie nationale, chargé de projets cybercriminalité à la sous-direction de la police judiciaire de la gendarmerie nationale ou encore chef du Centre de lutte contre les criminalités numériques. Plus récemment il fut conseiller au sein de la Délégation chargé de la lutte contre les cybermenaces au ministère de l’Intérieur. Après une formation initiale d’ingénieur généraliste (Ecole Polytechnique, X92), le colonel Freyssinet s’est spécialisé dans la sécurité des systèmes d’information (Mastère spécialisé SSIR Télécom Paristech 99-2000) et a pour-suivi dans une démarche par la recherche en défendant une thèse de doctorat en informatique en 2015 (Université Pierre et Marie Curie), sur le sujet de la lutte contre les botnets .
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Macilotti, Giorgia. "Lutter contre la pédopornographie et le leurre d'enfants en ligne: la réponse policière française entre centralisme, dualisme et spécialisation". SICUREZZA E SCIENZE SOCIALI, n.º 2 (agosto de 2021): 55–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/siss2021-002004.
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L'articolo propone alcune riflessioni sul dispositivo francese di contrasto alla pedopornografia e all'adescamento online di minori, con particolare riguardo all'attività svolta dalle due principali forze di polizia: la police nationale e la gendarmerie nationale. Saranno presentate le unità specializzate nel contrasto a queste realtà criminali, così come le strategie e le sfide sottese alla loro azione.
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Soloviev, Ivan y Tatyana Pinkevich. "The history of Russian police through bios and exploits of its best representatives". OOO "Zhurnal "Voprosy Istorii" 2021, n.º 04-1 (1 de abril de 2021): 253–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.31166/voprosyistorii202104statyi20.
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The article considers some aspects of the history of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russian Federation through the bios of its three outstanding representatives: the first head of the St. Petersburg police Ivan Putilin, the head of the St. Petersburg gendarmerie lieutenant-general Ivan Volkov and the minister of internal affairs of the USSR army general Nikolai Shchelokov.
34
Szabó, Csaba. "Historical Aspects of the Catholic Church’s Role in the Police Forces in Hungary". Academic and Applied Research in Military and Public Management Science 12, n.º 2 (31 de diciembre de 2013): 281–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.32565/aarms.2013.2.9.
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This study presents the police forces in Hungary during the Austro–Hungarian Empire, complete with an analysis of the period between the two world wars. The presentation of organization and structure aims to introduce and analyze the system of relations mainly between the Catholic Church and the police forces. As to the author’s research on local history, when comparing the gendarmerie (in Hungarian “Csendőrség”) and the town police, the study primarily focuses on the police forces of the Royal Town of Sopron and the Royal County of Sopron. The goal is to prove that pastoral care, established through the cooperation between the institutions of pastoral care and the armed forces, was operating within an effective framework during the period encompassing the two world wars.
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Bril', Gennadiy G. y Leonid N. Zaytsev. "Kostroma provincial gendarmerie management and its first supervisor". Vestnik of Kostroma State University, n.º 2 (2019): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.34216/1998-0817-2019-25-2-27-32.
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In this article, the authors for the fi rst time using little-known historical and archival footage to trace the history of the origin, formation, development of Kostroma provincial gendarmerie management (hereinafter referred to as the КPGM). The chronological framework of the article covers the period of 1857—1890. The theme of daily life of employees of the КPGM is not widely enough disclosed in modern research, the history of one person, including the heads of local law enforcement agencies. Topicality of the article lies in the lack of knowledge of the provincial gendarmerie managements. The effectiveness of the political police is impossible without a wise, professional, competent leader. In the scientifi c circulation for the fi rst time are archival documents relating to the identity of the fi rst head of the КPGM Ivan Nikolaevich Chaleyev. In the formative years, the КPGM faced some diffi culties in recruitment, however, Ivan Chaleyev successfully coped with the selection and placement of staff. The authors for the fi rst time investigated the personnel of the KPGM, which served experienced offi cers. Special attention is paid to the formation of school for training and preparation for the future activities of the lower ranks Of the gendarmes on October 29, 1870 in St. Petersburg. For the fi rst time, attention has been drawn to the attitude of gendarmes to religion. We have come to the conclusion that the activities and effectiveness of the political police authority on the ground largely depended on the personality of its leader. In the study period, the activities of the CPGM professionalism, personal qualities, its authority in the region and leadership entrusted to Ivan Chaleyev provided adequate security of the ruling regime in Kostroma Province.
36
Rezanov, A. "«An institution where fear and horror are in charge»: Arkhangelsk Provincial Gendarmerie Department in 1908-1915". Proceedings of the Komi Science Centre of the Ural Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, n.º 1 (9 de abril de 2024): 72–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.19110/1994-5655-2024-1-72-79.
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The paper analyzes the peculiarities of the development of political investigation in the Arkhangelsk province in 1908-1915, when the Provincial Gendarmerie Department was headed by Colonel, later Major General, Nikolai Illarionovich Mochalov. For such a position, it was a very long period of leadership, which was characterized by three stages: the active struggle of the gendarmes and police against the revolutionary movement during the “Stolypin reaction”, then some stabilization of the situation by 1914, and the first years of the World War. The purpose of the paper is to substantiate the decisive importance of N.I. Mochalov’s personality as an experienced functionary of political investigation, who was quite effective in relieving social tension that had been growing in the region since the end of the XIX century and reached its apogee during the Revolution of 1905-1907. During wartime the aggravated espionage, combined with the problems of the complicated service, made the figure of N.I. Mochalov inconvenient for the Gendarmerie and Police authorities. Methods of combating the “internal threat” in peacetime turned out to be irrelevant in the war period due to the need to qualitatively increase the activity of the gendarmes and cooperation with the military authorities.
37
Pradeau, F., N. Breuil, M. Dupechot, M. Savignac y P. Deteix. "Secret médical : rapports avec les forces de police et de gendarmerie". Réanimation Urgences 2, n.º 1 (enero de 1993): 42–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1164-6756(05)80204-x.
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Mouhanna, Christian. "Une Police De Proximite Dans Un Etat Centralise". Korean Journal of Policy Studies 19, n.º 2 (28 de febrero de 2005): 99–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.52372/kjps19206.
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La situation et les evolutions de la Police -ou plutot des polices- en FRANCE se caracterisent avant tout par la gestion tres centralisee, dans ce pays, des questions de securite et des organisations qui les traitent. Les dernieres elections presidentielles ont par ailleurs montre combien ce sujet etait important pour les francais et combien les attentes envers l'etat etaient fortes en ces domaines. Car, si de plus en plus emergent la securite privee et les polices municipales, la Police Nationale dans les villes, et la Gendarmerie Nationale dans les campagnes, deux institutions d'etat, detiennent toujours dans ce pays l'essentiel des pouvoirs regaliens de securite.
39
Ebel, Édouard. "Le maintien de l'ordre en province de 1789-1918". Revue Historique des Armées 238, n.º 1 (2005): 14–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/rharm.2005.5681.
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During the nineteenth century, the maintaining of internal order took place without any real theoretical body of thought to guide its practice. The police, the gendarmerie and the National Guard simply did the job. When normal means proved inadequate to the task, the army would be drawn in. With the lack of any doctrine or specialist units, the intervention of soldiers using firearms caused the deaths of large numbers of demonstrators. After France’s defeat in 1870-71 and the events of the Paris Commune a series of studies, chiefly emanating from military circles, recommended setting up specialist units. The key question was how could the Republic, founded on democratic lines, embrace the preservation of public order by violence ? This recurring question terrified the politicians, however, who feared a praetorian body that might be susceptible to staging a coup d’Etat. Moreover, a sizeable part of the gendarmerie was also opposed to the creation of such a force, whereas the army was seeking to give up its public order role. France would have to wait till the aftermath of the First World War to witness the creation of the Gendarmerie Mobile, a force specifically designed for the internal security mission.
40
Gorbachev, V. P. "Prosecutor’s Supervision and Management of the Inquiry on Political Crimes in the Russian Empire (Regulatory Framework)". Russian Journal of Legal Studies 5, n.º 4 (15 de diciembre de 2018): 182–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/rjls18462.
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The article, based on the normative and archival materials, considers the issues of prosecutor’s supervision and management by the gendarme and the police inquiry about political crimes in the Russian Empire after the judicial reform of 1864. The inquiry of such crimes was of two types: formal (criminal procedural) and administrative (protective). The Prosecutor’s office managed directed by inquiry by giving instructions on cases. The supervision was manifested itself in the coordination with the Prosecutor’s office of certain actions of the gendarmerie and the police officers, in the presence of prosecutors during investigative actions, in studying the materials of the inquiry, cancellation of illegal decisions, reviewing complaints about the actions of the gendarmerie and the police, addressing issues of responsibility for violations, etc. Forms and features of Prosecutor’s supervision for each of the specified types of inquiry are considered. It is concluded that the Prosecutor’s supervision and management of the inquiry in political cases had limited legal capacity. At the same time, compared with the management and supervision of the police inquiry on common crimes, the formal inquiry on political crimes was under more careful supervision of the Prosecutor’s office, which responded (though not always) to the revealed violations. At the same time, protective proceedings, which most affected the personal inviolability of citizens, the law almost completely withdrew from the Prosecutor’s supervision. Despite this, gradually, departmental regulations and practice have developed some forms of the implementation of prosecutorial supervision and over protective proceedings. Considered some of the inaccuracies that occur in the literature when reporting on issues of prosecutorial supervision over the investigation of political crimes.
41
Litwiński, Robert. "O nowoczesne policje. Przyczynek do dziejów modernizacji organów bezpieczeństwa publicznego w Europie Środkowej (1918-1939)". Rocznik Instytutu Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej 21, n.º 3 (diciembre de 2023): 235–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.36874/riesw/2023/3/12/.
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The aim of the article is to draw attention to the process of establishing modern police force authorities responsible for ensuring security and public order in the countries of Central Europe (Austria, Czechoslovakia, Germany, Poland, Romania, Hungary, Free City of Danzig) in the inter-war period. The course of modernizing the law enforcement authorities was analysed on the basis of archival sources and academic studies on the history of police force and gendarmerie in the above-mentioned countries. The collected material made it possible to learn about the mechanisms which had led to the establishment of effective forces responsible for ensuring homeland security after the Great War ended.
42
Walden, Keith. "The Great March of the Mounted Police in Popular Literature, 1873‑1973". Historical Papers 15, n.º 1 (26 de abril de 2006): 33–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/030849ar.
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Résumé La littérature populaire qui s'est penchée sur l'histoire de la gendarmerie royale a toujours laissé entendre que la longue marche de 1874 avait effectivement apporté l'ordre et la paix dans l'ouest canadien. Cette conclusion, de dire l'auteur, on la tire beaucoup plus en raison de la manière dont on a structuré le récit qu'en fonction de l'analyse objective que l'on a pu faire de l'événement. En effet, certains grands admirateurs de ce corps policier ont façonné la grande marche en suivant le modèle traditionnel du mythe du héros. Selon ce modèle, un certain nombre d'étapes doivent être franchies avant d'accéder au titre de héros. Le sujet doit d'abord être appelé à l'aventure ou à une façon de vivre hors de l'ordinaire; habituellement, son entrée dans ce monde nouveau est marquée par une circonstance extraordinaire qu'il doit maîtriser; il séjourne ensuite au milieu d'éléments qui lui sont tantôt favorables, tantôt contraires; puis, quand il a triomphé de toutes les difficultés, il est récompensé et il sort de l'expérience grandi et héroïque: il est alors prêt à retourner dans le monde ordinaire. La longue marche de la gendarmerie, en 1874, ayant été décrite et racontée en tenant compte de toutes ces étapes, l'on comprend facilement que certains en soient venus à considérer la situation dans l'ouest canadien comme étant une conséquence directe des actes accomplis par leurs héros en cette fin du XIXe siècle.
43
Emsley, Clive. "Malcolm Anderson, In Thrall to Political Change : Police and Gendarmerie in France". Crime, Histoire & Sociétés 16, n.º 2 (1 de diciembre de 2012): 120–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/chs.1377.
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Adamchuk, M., V. Butuzov y I. Luhovskyi. "FEATURES OF PREPARATION AND CONDUCTING STABILIZATION ACTIONS BY MILITARY FORMATIONS WITH LAW ENFORCEMENT FUNCTIONS OF NORTH ATLANTIC ALLIANCE COUNTRIES". Scientific journal of the National Academy of National Guard "Honor and Law" 3, n.º 86 (2023): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.33405/2078-7480/2023/3/86/287021.
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The article explores the essence and content of the preparation and conduct of stabilization actions by military formations with law enforcement functions according to NATO standards. It discusses the activities of the NATO Centres of Excellence, substantiates the concepts, essence, and content of stabilization actions by the security forces of Ukraine. The NATO Advanced Civil-Military Interaction Training Center for Enhancing Qualifications in Law Enforcement Stabilization Actions serves as an international coordination and knowledge hub for the community of interests in the field of stabilization actions with law enforcement characteristics. Currently, the organization consists of the following structures specialized in the described activities: Carabinieri Corps of Italy, Czech Military Police, French Gendarmerie, Greek Army, Polish Military Gendarmerie, Romanian Gendarmerie, Spanish Civil Guard, Royal Netherlands Marechaussee, and Turkish Gendarmerie. The center examines the concept of stabilization actions with law enforcement characteristics applied by NATO member countries in unstable regions (states) in all types of conflicts, ranging from peacetime to high-intensity conflicts. The spectrum of conflicts encompasses four main types of campaigns in which stabilization actions are conducted. Typically, these actions occur both during the initial stages and throughout armed conflicts (combat operations), as well as after their conclusion. The article introduces the definition of law enforcement stabilization actions, which has not been previously reflected in the normative-legal framework of the security sector components of Ukraine. The implementation of a comprehensive set of law enforcement stabilization actions will play a crucial role in the post-war period during the restoration of constitutional order and territorial integrity of Ukraine, which have been affected by Russian occupation.
45
ȘTEFAN, Laura y Cezara GRAMA. "Rule of Law in Tough Times – A Case Study on the Romanian Sanctioning Policy During the COVID-19 Pandemic". Transylvanian Review of Administrative Sciences, Special Issue 2020 (23 de noviembre de 2020): 121–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/tras.si2020.8.
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The COVID-19 pandemic was a genuine stress test for societies around the globe. Societal values were put under public scrutiny, while fear reigned supreme allowing large margins of maneuver for governments in taking restrictive measures promising at least to win some time for health systems to adapt to the new challenges. Along with health systems governments, judicial systems and societies at large had to change the way they function to face the pandemic. In this paper we will present a case study on Romania and the usage of sanctioning mechanisms by the Police and Gendarmerie during the state of emergency, March 16–May 14, 2020. We will explore the challenges regarding the adoption of a sound legal basis for restrictive measures in line with the constitutional provision and the actual implementation of these restrictions with a focus on the performance of two enforcement institutions – the Romanian Police and the Gendarmerie – in this process. In times of crisis, or particularly in times of crisis when the government enjoys even more power than usual, the governmental action must be transparent to build trust and ensure that abuses do not happen. Moreover, the data gathered during the first wave of COVID-19 could help shape public policies for the subsequent waves with the view to improve efficiency while possibly decreasing the restrictions of human rights.
46
Bailleau, Francis y Georges Garioud. "Les rapports de la police et de la gendarmerie avec les mineurs délinquants". Hommes et Migrations 1127, n.º 1 (1989): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/homig.1989.1379.
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Bril’, Gennadiy G. y Leonid N. Zaytsev. "Legal bases of activity of adjutants of a separate corps of gendarmes of the Russian Empire in the second half of the 19th century – the early 20th century". Vestnik of Kostroma State University 27, n.º 2 (28 de junio de 2021): 187–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.34216/1998-0817-2021-27-2-187-194.
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The work highlights the activities of adjutants of the political police, their place and role in the work of the gendarmerie apparatus of the Russian Empire. The source base of the research was made up of archival documents and materials, memoirs of the employees of the Kostroma provincial gendarmerie department, rotmistrov A.M. Polyakov and V.V. Parfyonov. The authors have studied the legal framework governing the activities of adjutants of a separate corps of gendarmes, the directions of their activities, as well as their place and role in the structure of the security body. The article studies the historical and legal foundations of the creation, development and functioning of the institute of adjutant of a separate corps of gendarmes on the territory of the Russian Empire, and their main directions. Conclusions are drawn about the formation and development of a separate corps of gendarmes of the Russian Empire, as well as the special role of its adjutants in the field of external and internal security. The continuity and significance of law enforcement agencies in the historical context is emphasised.
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Folomeev, S. N. "KONSTANTIN M. SIBIRYAKOV AND HIS ACQUAINTANCES IN SAMARA IN THE LATE 1870-1890s: ON THE ISSUE OF THE FORMATION OF REVOLUTIONARY SENTIMENTS IN THE RUSSIAN PROVINCE OF THE LATE 19th CENTURY". Izvestiya of Samara Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. History Sciences 6, n.º 1 (2024): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.37313/2658-4816-2024-6-1-20-27.
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On the base of archival sources, the author reconstructs unknown aspects of the life of Konstantin M. Sibiryakov, an outstanding Russian entrepreneur, gold miner and philanthropist who lived in the second half of the 19th century. Special attention is paid to Sibiryakov’s acquaintances in Samara province. A native of Siberia who had lands in the Volga region, Sibiryakov maintained close contacts with political activists under police surveillance who lived on his Skolkovo estate. The article reflects the ambiguity of the personality of the entrepreneur, traces his activities in the charitable and publishing spheres. Archival materials from the Police Department and a number of local gendarmerie departments allow us to examine carefully the process of formation of revolutionary sentiments in the Samara province and the role of Sibiryakov in the revolutionary movement of the 1870-90s.
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Sinichenko, Vladimir. "Activities of law enforcement agencies of the Russian Empire on the territory of the Republic of China (1912–1917)". OOO "Zhurnal "Voprosy Istorii" 2024, n.º 4 (1 de abril de 2024): 112–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31166/voprosyistorii202404statyi01.
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The article discusses the activities of law enforcement agencies and special services of the Russian Empire - the headquarters of the Trans-Amur District of the Border Guard, the Shanghai residency of the Ministry of Finance and the gendarmerie and police department of the Chinese Eastern Railway on the territory of the Republic of China on the eve and during the First World War. It is concluded that an important component of the task of these units was to counter international criminal communities operating both in Russia and in China.
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Khan, Fida Muhammad, Aftab Alam y Manzoor Ali Veserio. "Colonial legacy of the British: a narrative analysis of police service of Pakistan". Liberal Arts and Social Sciences International Journal (LASSIJ) 7, n.º 1 (30 de junio de 2023): 81–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.47264/idea.lassij/7.1.5.
Texto completoResumen
The colonial legacy remains visible in the Police Service of Pakistan (PSP). The PSP officers identify themselves as something different and superior to the public. It is common for PSP to view the public how the colonial master viewed the subjects of colonial rule. The study adopted an interpretivist approach with a constructivist ontological stance using thematic analysis on in-depth interviews conducted with the respondents. The study found that PSP has retained its colonial imprint. As an institution, the PSP identifies itself as above the law and disconnected from the public. The narrative of “us” and “them”. The xenocentric attitude, viewing the public as inferior and savage people and, most importantly, thinking that the main job of the police as an organization is to maintain order rather than prevent crime, serves as evidence that the police service of Pakistan has kept its colonial legacy intact. It treats the public as “subjects” to be suppressed rather than served. The 1861 Police Act and colonial legislations help the PSP keep the colonial legacy alive. The PSP as an institution serves as an example of the persistence of colonial institutions with resistance to change and reform.