Artículos de revistas: "Gantry Cranes"

1

Du, Wen Zheng y Zheng Xie. "Modeling and Analysis of an Gantry Crane with Flexible Cable". Advanced Materials Research 753-755 (agosto de 2013): 1054–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.753-755.1054.

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This paper introduces a novel mathematical model that using the Hamiltons' principle to set up coupled dynamics model of gantry cranes with flexible cable. By using finite element method to solve the equations that govern the motion of the crane system. Numerical simulations for the coupled dynamics model are presented for various operating conditions, and compared to the simulation results of the model with cranes made with rigid cable under the same working conditions. From the consequence, we can get the effects of cable's flexibility on gantry crane's kinematical properties; According to the conclusions, this paper defines two parameters of the gantry cranes, and qualitatively analyzes the two parameters' effects on dynamics kinematical properties of gantry cranes.

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2

Zhadanovsky, Boris y Vladimir Bazanov. "Organizational and Technological Solutions for Performing Works Using Specialty Equipment". E3S Web of Conferences 97 (2019): 06002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199706002.

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Relevance of applying factory-assembled unit installation method in the contemporary construction is stated. Foreign experience is shown and main foreign manufacturers of crawler cranes and gantry cranes are given. Basic technical characteristics and design parameter of foreign and domestic cranes are quoted. The experience of gantry crane usage is discussed. Technical characteristics of gantry cranes from Sarens, Enerpac, Riggers Manufacturing, LiftSystems, Hydrolast, and Enerprom are given.

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3

Zeng, Qing Dun y Qin E. Li. "Finite Element Analysis of Static Characteristic for Gantry Crane". Applied Mechanics and Materials 170-173 (mayo de 2012): 3077–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.170-173.3077.

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The strength and stiffness characteristics are important parameters in the design of metal structure of gantry crane. In this paper, the modeling of a gantry crane before and after reconstruction was performed by using Finite Element Method, and the strength and static stiffness of the gantry crane were analyzed. The results show that the insufficient stiffness of the reconstructed gantry crane in the shaking direction causes its laterodeviation. A strengthened method was determined after comparison of four reinforcement measures. The present results can provide an importantly theoretical basis for the reconstruction or strengthening of gantry cranes.

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4

Hu, Jing Bo, Da Chen, Shu Qing Ding, Guang Wei Qing y Hui Jin. "Simulation of the Wind Field of Gantry Cranes Based on FLUENT". Applied Mechanics and Materials 217-219 (noviembre de 2012): 1530–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.217-219.1530.

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The wind load on large cranes with great windward areas cannot be ignored. The simulation of wind field is to determine the accurate wind force acting on different parts of cranes and serves as the basis of the windproof design. Taking 300t shipbuliding gantry crane as the study object, this paper uses computational fluid dynamics, calculates the mechanical response of cranes by FLUENT, obtains the graphs of pressure, streamline, force distribution of cranes under different wind loads. Through the result analysis, dangerous force position is pointed out. And the ideas of structural methods to improve the windproof ability of cranes are also proposed.

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5

Gerdemeli, Ismail y Serpil Kurt. "Design and Finite Element Analysis of Gantry Crane". Key Engineering Materials 572 (septiembre de 2013): 517–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.572.517.

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Today in the world, shipyards industry work continuously and build a ship in limited time. They need a lot of cranes in different tonnages to lift and move the parts of the ships. Projects of the cranes design in need of the shipyards. While designing the crane geometry, the load which will be lifted, the lifting height and the situation of the area where the crane will work should be considered. The main characteristics as the height of the crane, the distance between the rails, the lifting height, speed of the crane and speed of the trolley are determined. The geometry of all parts and the features of the power and transmission components are specified. The suitability of the geometry is tested with an analyze program. Three dimensional geometry of the crane is built with a CAD program, and then this geometry is modeled with using the finite element method.

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6

Sowa, Leszek, Tomasz Skrzypczak y Paweł Kwiatoń. "The effect of the gantry crane beam cross section on the level of generated stresses". MATEC Web of Conferences 157 (2018): 02047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201815702047.

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The gantry cranes are currently one of the most popular devices to transporting loads. They can be used in many industries. This study focuses on the numerical analysis of only the portable gantry crane. The mathematical and numerical model of mechanical phenomena in the gantry crane beam was presented in this paper. This problem was solved by using of the Finite Element Method (FEM). The analysis was made to the cross-section of gantry crane beam which was the I-beam or box beam. The numerical simulations are limited to numerical analysis of strength of the gantry crane beam which was loaded by the motion of the load force along its length. As a result of the calculations, the stresses and displacements of the structure of gantry crane were obtained. The influence of beam shape change and changing the loading force position on generate the equivalent stress in the crane beam was evaluated. The research performed, which allows the estimated of the stress state, pointing out the critical areas and values, were made in order to increase the strength of the structure of the gantry crane.

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7

Sowa, Leszek, Wiesława Piekarska, Tomasz Skrzypczak y Paweł Kwiatoń. "The effect of restraints type on the generated stresses in gantry crane beam". MATEC Web of Conferences 157 (2018): 02046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201815702046.

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This paper includes an analysis of the mechanical phenomena in the gantry crane beam, because the cranes are currently one of the most common devices for the transporting loads. Designing modern mechanical structures is a complex task that requires the use of appropriate tools. Such a modern tool is the numerical simulation, which uses different numerical methods. One of the best known methods is the finite element method, also used here. Simulations are limited to analysis of the strength of the gantry crane beam that was the loaded of the force load movement along its length. The numerical analysis was made to the gantry crane beam which cross-section was an I-beam and ends were fixed in different ways. As the result of numerical calculations, the stresses and displacements of the structure of gantry were obtained. The influence of the restraints type and changing the loading force position on generate the Huber-Misses stress in the gantry crane beam was estimated. The aim was to ensure that the maximum equivalent stress generated in the gantry crane beam was less than the strength of material, because then the construction is safe.

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8

Chen, Dai, Li Gui Kang, Hang Cheng y Li Zhang. "Simulation and Parameter Design of a 10kw Wireless Power Transfer System Applied to Gantry Crane". Applied Mechanics and Materials 599-601 (agosto de 2014): 460–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.599-601.460.

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Gantry cranes are used throughout the materials handling industry. But conventional methods of power transfer to the cranes such as trolley conductor and wire directly connected have remained less than ideal, that is until the recent development of a novel wireless power transfer (WPT) system that is clean and spark-free, is robust to dust and water, and has very low maintenance. A 10kw WPT simulation system applied to gantry crane has been developed. The best compensation topology and the parameter have been studied in order to get high efficiency of the system. The study has been focused in showing the parameter design. Finally, the simulation has proved the validation of the proposed parameter design method.

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9

Zhu, Song Ya, Xiao Ning Zhu y Yong Liu. "Deployment Optimization of Rail Gantry Cranes in Railway Container Center Stations". Applied Mechanics and Materials 505-506 (enero de 2014): 597–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.505-506.597.

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Rail gantry cranes are the core resources of railway container center stations which affect the operating efficiency and costs of stations. In this paper, a rail gantry crane deployment model is proposed which considers the operation time as well as balanced utilization of equipment. Further, this multi-objective function is transformed to a single objective model with a weight coefficient method. Finally, this paper puts forword optimization ideas for the deployment of core resources in a railway container center station.

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10

Almutairi, Naif B. y Mohamed Zribi. "Fuzzy Controllers for a Gantry Crane System with Experimental Verifications". Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1965923.

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The control problem of gantry cranes has attracted the attention of many researchers because of the various applications of these cranes in the industry. In this paper we propose two fuzzy controllers to control the position of the cart of a gantry crane while suppressing the swing angle of the payload. Firstly, we propose a dual PD fuzzy controller where the parameters of each PD controller change as the cart moves toward its desired position, while maintaining a small swing angle of the payload. This controller uses two fuzzy subsystems. Then, we propose a fuzzy controller which is based on heuristics. The rules of this controller are obtained taking into account the knowledge of an experienced crane operator. This controller is unique in that it uses only one fuzzy system to achieve the control objective. The validity of the designed controllers is tested through extensive MATLAB simulations as well as experimental results on a laboratory gantry crane apparatus. The simulation results as well as the experimental results indicate that the proposed fuzzy controllers work well. Moreover, the simulation and the experimental results demonstrate the robustness of the proposed control schemes against output disturbances as well as against uncertainty in some of the parameters of the crane.

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11

Peng, Qihui, Wenming Cheng, Hongyu Jia y Peng Guo. "Fragility Analysis of Gantry Crane Subjected to Near-Field Ground Motions". Applied Sciences 10, n.º 12 (19 de junio de 2020): 4219. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10124219.

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A gantry crane located in a near-field earthquake-prone area is selected in this paper as an example, and the nonlinear finite element (FE) model is used considering the material nonlinearity including plastic hinges and the second order (P − Δ ) effect with a comprehensive consideration of the components including sill beams, support beams, legs, and trolley girders. The local displacement ratio (LDR) and deflection ratio (DR) are proposed as demand measures (DMs) of the gantry crane, which are utilized to construct a probabilistic seismic demand model (PSDM). Then, the capacity limit states for the gantry crane are defined in this study by performing pushover analysis (POA), known as serviceability, damage control, and collapse prevention, respectively. Moreover, the operating capacity of the crane during an earthquake is further investigated and quantified by operating seismic peak ground acceleration, which is defined as the maximum acceleration when the failure probability is 50%. Finally, the fragility curves and the failure probability of the gantry crane are derived by the above definitions, all of which are pioneering in the seismic design of gantry cranes subjected to near-field ground motions. Some major conclusions are drawn that the horizontal component of an earthquake has a more notable effect on the structural damage of the gantry crane compared to the vertical component, and incremental dynamic analysis can take seismic uncertainty into account and quantify the deformation of gantry crane in more detail.

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12

Zhang, Hai-yun, Jin Wang y Guo-dong Lu. "Hierarchical fuzzy-tuned multiobjective optimization control for gantry cranes". Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 228, n.º 7 (30 de agosto de 2013): 1119–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406213501968.

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This work presents a hierarchical fuzzy-tuned multiobjective optimization control scheme for the horizontal moving process of gantry cranes. Initially, a multiobjective optimization controller is developed based on gantry crane dynamics, which transforms the control issue of gantry crane into a state-tracking optimization problem and accomplishes simultaneous optimization of multiple performance indexes through the weighting matrix configuration. To cope with the multiobjective optimization controller, an actuation signal modulator is designed using a linear interpolation algorithm, which transforms the step signal of terminal position into an asymptotic signal to improve the transient system performance. Furthermore, a PD-type fuzzy logic regulator is developed as the superior of multiobjective optimization controller to adaptively guide the control procedure by tuning and configuring the weighting matrix. Above three components (multiobjective optimization controller, actuation signal modulator, fuzzy logic regulator) compose the complete hierarchical control scheme. Then, stability of the proposed control scheme is testified through Lyapunov stability theorem, and performances of the control scheme are examined through a series of simulations. Finally, conclusions and assessment of the control scheme are summarized and discussed.

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13

Luo, Tian, Daofang Chang y Yinping Gao. "Optimization of Gantry Crane Scheduling in Container Sea-Rail Intermodal Transport Yard". Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2018 (4 de octubre de 2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9585294.

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In the face of rising container throughput and the tasks associated with collecting and dispatching these containers, contributions to the development of sea-rail intermodal transport are required to improve the capacity of container transportation. According to the characteristics and the requirements of the operation of sea-rail intermodal transport, this paper puts forward a design for the transport yard which facilitates container loading and unloading. Through the establishment of a mixed integer programming model, a flexible schedule for gantry crane operation can be realized, so that, during the planned period, the amount of task overflow in loading and unloading operations and the distance covered by all gantry cranes in the yard is minimized. In addition, a genetic algorithm is designed to solve this model. Finally, a specific example of the loading and unloading of a container train at the sea-rail intermodal transport yard is selected to verify the model and the algorithm. The results show that the algorithm can reasonably schedule the gantry cranes to improve their loading and unloading efficiencies in the sea-rail intermodal transport yard.

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14

Voronkov, Ivan E. y Nikita V. Ovinkin. "World experience and development prospects of mechanization scheme of nuclear power plants construction". Vestnik MGSU, n.º 11 (noviembre de 2020): 1584–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/1997-0935.2020.11.1584-1596.

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Introduction. Improvement of construction methods for the main structures of nuclear power plants (NPP) is impossible without updating the old and developing fundamentally new schemes for mechanization of construction production. Based on the analysis of world experience in using various types of lifting mechanisms at NPP construction sites, it is proposed to assess the current state and perspective for the development of organizational and technological approaches to the development of effective mechanization of construction production in the construction of atomic energy facilities. Materials and methods. Review of domestic and world (UK, USA, Japan) experience in NPP construction allows us to assert that despite the technological and organizational and managerial difficulties, the construction of NPP power units by enlarged units of high factory readiness still remains promising and feasible. The implementation of this approach involves the design and manufacture of unique hoisting mechanisms, the most popular of which are currently crawler or rail-mounted mast cranes. At the same time, the experience of constructing nuclear power plants of the USSR and Great Britain using gantry cranes was undeservedly forgotten. Results. The performed comparative analysis of the applicability of tower, mast and bridge (gantry) types of cranes allows us to recognize the high complexity of using gantry cranes in the construction of NPPs and the structural limitations of other types of cranes. The main disadvantages of gantry cranes lie in their use of a rail track, the replacement of which with a pneumatic-wheeled chassis, which has undergone significant development in the last 20 years, can open up new perspective for the reengineering of previously used mechanization schemes for NPP construction. Conclusions. Using main lifting mechanism of an overhead crane equipped with a pneumatic wheel chassis in the construction of nuclear power becomes one of the most promising options in the development of nuclear energy construction. The development and implementation of new schemes for the mechanization of construction production based on experience and advanced technologies in mechanical engineering can provide a qualitative improvement of the ongoing investment and construction activities in the field of nuclear energy.

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15

Masoud, Ziyad N., Ali H. Nayfeh y Amjed Al-Mousa. "Delayed Position-Feedback Controller for the Reduction of Payload Pendulations of Rotary Cranes". Journal of Vibration and Control 9, n.º 1-2 (enero de 2003): 257–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107754603030750.

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In this paper, we show that, in rotary cranes, it is possible to reduce payload pendulations significantly by controlling the crane's translational and rotational degrees of freedom. Such a control can be achieved with the heavy equipment that is already part of the crane, so that retrofitting existing cranes with such a controller would require little effort. Moreover, the control is superimposed transparently on the commands of the operator. The successful control strategy is based on delayed position feedback of the payload's in-plane and out-of-plane motions. Its effectiveness is demonstrated with a fully nonlinear three-dimensional computer simulation and with an experiment on a scaled model of a rotary crane. The results demonstrate that the pendulations can be significantly reduced, and therefore the rate of operation can be greatly increased. The effectiveness of the controller is demonstrated for both rotary and gantry modes of operation.

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16

Antonelli, M., M. Ceraolo, U. Desideri, G. Lutzemberger y L. Sani. "Hybridization of rubber tired gantry (RTG) cranes". Journal of Energy Storage 12 (agosto de 2017): 186–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2017.05.004.

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17

Juraszek, Janusz. "Residual Magnetic Field Non-Destructive Testing of Gantry Cranes". Materials 12, n.º 4 (14 de febrero de 2019): 564. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12040564.

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Non-destructive tests of gantry cranes by means of the residual magnetic field (RMF) method were carried out for a duration of 7 years. Distributions of the residual magnetic field tangential and the normal components of their gradients were determined. A database of magnetograms was created. The results show that the gradients of tangential components can be used to identify and localize stress concentration zones in gantry crane beams. Special attention was given to the unsymmetrical distribution of the tangential component gradient on the surface of the crane beam No. 5 (which was the most loaded one). The anomaly was the effect of a slight torsional deflection of the beam as it was loaded. Numerical simulations with the finite element method (FEM) were used to explain this phenomenon. The displacement boundary conditions introduced into the simulations were established experimentally. Validation was carried out using the X-ray diffraction method, which confirmed the location of strain concentration zones (SCZs) identified by means of RMF testing.

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18

Habibi, Hossein y William O’Connor. "Payload motion control of rotary gantry and luffing cranes using mechanical wave concepts". Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control 39, n.º 11 (10 de mayo de 2016): 1649–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0142331216644044.

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A new solution is presented to the problem of controlling the motion of a crane’s suspended load through arbitrarily complex, 3D paths through the crane’s manoeuvre space. A generalized boom crane arrangement is considered, so that gantry and luffing arrangements are included as particular cases. Thus the crane’s boom slews about a central, vertical (tower) axis. This boom is either a horizontal gantry with a trolley moving radially along it, from which the load can be winched, or a jib, which can rotate in the vertical plane, with the hoisting cable passing over a pulley attached at its end point. In either case, there are three directly controlled motion variables, the effects of which on the suspended payload’s motion are strongly cross-coupled. The challenge is to enable the payload to follow the desired 3D path as closely as possible during the manoeuvre, and come to rest rapidly at target, by directly controlling these three actuating motions. Thus the controller must achieve position control combined with active swing suppression throughout the manoeuvre and on arrival at the desired end point. A model is developed of the generalized crane for both gantry and luffing crane types. The proposed control strategy is then applied and tested on this model. The controller is based on mechanical wave concepts. When applied to the model, it is shown to be very effective. It is accurate, robust to system changes and actuator limitations, very stable, requires sensing only at the trolley (and not at payload), and is easy to implement.

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19

Virkkunen, J., A. Marttinen, K. Rintanen, R. Salminen y J. Seitsonen. "Computer Control of Over-head and Gantry Cranes". IFAC Proceedings Volumes 23, n.º 8 (agosto de 1990): 401–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)51857-1.

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20

Thalapil, Jeslin. "Input Shaping for Sway Control in Gantry Cranes". IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering 1, n.º 2 (2012): 36–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/1684-0123646.

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21

Zeng, Ming, Wenming Cheng y Peng Guo. "Modelling and Metaheuristic for Gantry Crane Scheduling and Storage Space Allocation Problem in Railway Container Terminals". Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2017 (2017): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/9025482.

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The gantry crane scheduling and storage space allocation problem in the main containers yard of railway container terminal is studied. A mixed integer programming model which comprehensively considers the handling procedures, noncrossing constraints, the safety margin and traveling time of gantry cranes, and the storage modes in the main area is formulated. A metaheuristic named backtracking search algorithm (BSA) is then improved to solve this intractable problem. A series of computational experiments are carried out to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm under some randomly generated cases based on the practical operation conditions. The results show that the proposed algorithm can gain the near-optimal solutions within a reasonable computation time.

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22

Huang, Guo Jian, Dong Hui Wang, Xin Hua Wang y Wei Wei Wang. "Optimal Sensor Placement Method for Gantry Crane SHM System". Applied Mechanics and Materials 321-324 (junio de 2013): 697–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.321-324.697.

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The choice of the number and location of sensors in the structure is the foundation of cranes structural health monitoring, which has major influence on the monitoring results. This paper taking a gantry crane as a SHM research object, uses optimal sensor placement based on Finite Element Method, the stress concentration points could be drawn by the FEM calculation results. This method carry out dynamic load stress analysis for the structure with virtual prototype, which make up for the lack of static analysis; compared with the type test methods, not only reduce the test cost, but also more flexible, and break through the restrictions of all types of extreme conditions. This method makes the sensor data obtained more realistically reflects the crane structure condition; provides reliable data support for crane safety monitoring and safety evaluation. The promotion of this method will provide important technical support for the development of the crane SHM.

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23

Zeng, Qing Dun y Bao Hua Guan. "Modal Finite Element Analysis of Reconstructive Structure for Gantry Crane on the Basis of ANSYS and Dynamic Stiffness". Applied Mechanics and Materials 164 (abril de 2012): 456–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.164.456.

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Due to business development, a Shipyard Co., Ltd. in Guangdong planned to remould a double girder gantry crane of MG32/10-37A5 (32t-37m) into a type of 20t-37m and to heighten 6m lifting height of structure. A Cranes Machinery Co., LTD. in Guangzhou undertook this job. After the completion of transformation for the crane, the serious laterodeviations of the crane were found in operational process, which affected its safety use. This paper used a finite ANSYS to perform the modal analysis of the crane before and after reconstruction. The results show that the dynamic stiffness of the remoulded crane was reduced obviously. For the reason, the four reinforcement schemes of the crane were put forward by the Cranes Machinery Co., LTD.. This study again performed the model analysis for the schemes and selected an optimal one by calculation, analysis and contrast, which has successfully solved the above problem. The present results can provide a reference for solving similar problems in the future.

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24

Jafari, Mostafa y Evgeniy M. Kudryavtsev. "Dynamic simulation of a high altitude gantry crane with cable hoisting. Part one. 2D model". Vestnik MGSU, n.º 5 (mayo de 2021): 615–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/1997-0935.2021.5.615-622.

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Introduction. Simulation of the 2D dynamic motion of a high altitude wide span gantry crane with a rope hoisting mechanism is addressed. Such large gantry cranes with a height of more than 50 meters, have been unstudied very well so far. A small swing angle of the payload, it's fast hoisting, and the fast motion of the trolley are critical for these cranes and, hence, they need to be analyzed in detail. Materials and methods. The generalized formulation of the two-dimensional crane dynamics is efficiently performed and simulated in Mathcad. This is a single mass model that has a non-elastic cable. The formulation is derived using the Lagrange method, and differential equations are correctly solved using the Runge-Kutta method in Mathcad. In this model the crane is fixed, and all the subsystems are considered as rigid bodies without any deflection in terms of the trolley and the payload. Results. The results are verified using MSC ADAMS (Academic) that indicates satisfactory convergence. The considerable influence of the payload oscillation on the trolley motion is visible in both Mathcad and ADAMS models. The implemented Mathcad code can be useful for students and researchers. Conclusions. The maximum speed of the trolley is 1.716 m/s to prevent the payload swinging angle from exceeding 0.5 deg. The calculated velocity of the trolley is reasonable for such a large crane if limitations like wind effects and resonance are ignored.

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25

Chen, Niu, Gu y Schofield. "Game-Based Energy Management Method for Hybrid RTG Cranes". Energies 12, n.º 18 (19 de septiembre de 2019): 3589. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12183589.

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In order to improve the energy efficiency and economic effect of conventional diesel-powered rubber-tired gantry (RTG) cranes in container terminals, various hybrid RTG cranes were studied. However, these current hybrid RTG cranes have several disadvantages, such as high initial investment cost and poor versatility of energy management methods. In this paper, a hybrid RTG crane consisting of a small-sized diesel generator (DG), a ternary material lithium battery, and a supercapacitor (SC) is studied, and a hybrid RTG crane energy management method based on game theory is proposed. The DG, lithium battery, and SC are modeled as three independent agents to participate in the game, and a multi-agent system (MAS) is established. During the RTG crane work process, agents achieve a coordinated and stable working state through the game, i.e., the Nash equilibrium. Three typical crane operation scenarios, the rated load, continuous work, and intermittent work, are simulated and studied. According to the results, combinations of the three devices can meet the power demand and system performance. The power of the DG in the hybrid system is small (only 20 kW), reducing fuel consumption and overall emissions during RTG crane operation.

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26

Alasali, Feras, Antonio Luque, Rayner Mayer y William Holderbaum. "A Comparative Study of Energy Storage Systems and Active Front Ends for Networks of Two Electrified RTG Cranes". Energies 12, n.º 9 (10 de mayo de 2019): 1771. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12091771.

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The global consumerism trend and the increase in worldwide population is increasing the need to improve the efficiency of marine container transportation. The high operating costs, pollution and noise of the diesel yard equipment is leading sea ports to move towards replacing diesel RTG cranes with electric Rubber Tyre Gantry (RTG) cranes which offer reduced environmental impact and higher energy efficiency. However, ports will require smarter solutions to meet the increased demand on the electrical distribution network due to the electrification of RTGs. This paper aims to highlight the peak demand problem in the two electrical cranes network and attempts to increase the energy saving at ports by using two different technologies: Energy Storage System (ESS) and Active Front End (AFE). This article introduces one of the first extensive investigations into different networks of RTG crane models and compares the benefits of using either AFE or ESS. The proposed RTG crane models and network parameters are validated using data collected at the Port of Felixstowe, UK. The results of the proposed RTG cranes network show a significant peak demand reduction and energy cost saving.

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27

Vedyashkin, M. V. y O. P. Muravlev. "Assessing the reliability of induction motors in gantry cranes". Russian Electrical Engineering 84, n.º 7 (julio de 2013): 397–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1068371213070146.

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28

Omar, Hanafy M. y Ali H. Nayfeh. "Gantry cranes gain scheduling feedback control with friction compensation". Journal of Sound and Vibration 281, n.º 1-2 (marzo de 2005): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2004.01.037.

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29

ABE, Masajiro, Hiroshi ITO, Yongxiang REN y Kinya ICHIMURA. "Dynamic Behaviors of Gantry Cranes. 5th Report. Natural Frequency." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series C 58, n.º 545 (1992): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaic.58.30.

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30

Jaehn, Florian y Dominik Kress. "Scheduling cooperative gantry cranes with seaside and landside jobs". Discrete Applied Mathematics 242 (junio de 2018): 53–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dam.2017.06.015.

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31

Zhang, Da-peng, Wen-ming Cheng y Bin Wang. "Variational analysis of mid-span deflection of gantry cranes". Journal of Central South University 24, n.º 11 (noviembre de 2017): 2705–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11771-017-3683-6.

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32

Kress, Dominik, Jan Dornseifer y Florian Jaehn. "An exact solution approach for scheduling cooperative gantry cranes". European Journal of Operational Research 273, n.º 1 (febrero de 2019): 82–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2018.07.043.

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33

Sokolov, L. I. "Accidental collapse of the metal structures of gantry cranes". Metallurgist 33, n.º 1 (enero de 1989): 21–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00750539.

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34

Tran, Quang Huy, Jungwon Huh, Van Bac Nguyen, Achintya Haldar, Choonghyun Kang y Kyeong Min Hwang. "Comparative Study of Nonlinear Static and Time-History Analyses of Typical Korean STS Container Cranes". Advances in Civil Engineering 2018 (16 de agosto de 2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2176894.

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Ship-to-shore (STS) container gantry cranes, used at terminals for loading and unloading containers from a ship, are an important part of harbor structures. The size and weight of modern STS container cranes are increasing to satisfy the demand for bigger ships. This is expected to result in more lateral load when excited by seismic motions. The existing Korean STS container cranes did not behave properly during several recent moderate earthquakes in South Korea. Typical Korean STS container cranes must be checked for the earthquake-resistant capacity. In this research, two nonlinear static analyses procedures, also known as pushover analyses, commonly used for seismic design of buildings, namely, capacity spectrum method and equivalent linearization method, are comprehensively studied to check their suitability for studying seismic behavior of STS cranes. Results obtained by these two nonlinear static analysis methods are then compared with the results obtained by nonlinear time-history analyses of the STS cranes by exciting them with nine recorded earthquake time histories around worldwide. The behaviors of the cranes are analyzed in terms of the total base shear, drift, and base uplift. The comparisons indicate that the nonlinear static methods can be appropriate for estimating the total base shear and drift of the portal frame of a container crane. The pushover analyses also provide information on performance levels as defined in ASCE/SEI 41-13, of a typical Korean STS container crane. Furthermore, it is observed that the uplift response of the crane is strongly influenced by the duration of an earthquake.

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35

Omar, Hanafy M. y Ali H. Nayfeh. "Gain Scheduling Feedback Control of Tower Cranes with Friction Compensation". Journal of Vibration and Control 10, n.º 2 (febrero de 2004): 269–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077546304035610.

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We have designed a controller based on gain-scheduling feedback to move a load from point to point within one oscillation cycle and without inducing large swings. The settling time of the system is taken to be equal to the period of oscillation of the load. This criterion enables us to calculate the controller feedback gains for varying load weight and cable length. First, we designed the controller for gantry cranes and then extended it to tower cranes by considering the coupling between the translational and rotational motions. Numerical simulations show that the controller is effective for reducing load oscillations and transferring the load in a reasonable time compared with that of optimal control. To experimentally validate the theory, we had to compensate for friction. To this end, we estimated the friction, then applied an opposite control action to cancel it. To estimate the friction force, we assumed a mathematical model, then we estimated the model coefficients using an off-line identification technique, the least-squares method. First, the process of identification was applied to a theoretical model of a dc motor with known friction coefficients. From this example, some guidelines and rules were deduced for the choice of the least-squares parameters. Then, the friction coefficients of the gantry crane model were estimated and validated.

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36

Shi, Li, Bai y Huang. "Research on Nonlinear Control Method of Underactuated Gantry Crane Based on Machine Vision Positioning". Symmetry 11, n.º 8 (2 de agosto de 2019): 987. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym11080987.

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The movement of the gantry crane is controlled by an symmetry underactuated system, and has poor robustness in precise positioning. A new active control method based on the machine vision positioning is proposed in this paper, and the trajectories are planned after the detection of starting and ending points. A new type of energy storage function is given in this paper, and a coupling control law is derived to minimize the load swing in the process of precise positioning. The equilibrium point of the closed-loop system is checked though Lyapunov and LaSalle’s theorems, and the calculation results are verified through experimental investigations. The results show that the equilibrium points are asymptotically stable, and the proposed control method is of better robustness. The findings provide a new kind of control method with higher efficiency, and can help with the precise control of gantry cranes.

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37

Briskorn, Dirk. "Routing two stacking cranes with predetermined container sequences". Journal of Scheduling 24, n.º 4 (19 de junio de 2021): 367–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10951-021-00689-4.

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AbstractThe scheduling of gantry cranes with respect to mutual interference has received considerable attention in recent years. We consider a subproblem which arises when each crane has a sequence of tasks to be assigned. The problem is concerned with resolving the interference between two cranes by determining which crane avoids the other in order to let it complete its next task first. We provide a fairly general problem framework accounting for different crane systems and various side constraints. We assume a cost function for each task that determines the cost of completing the task at a specific point in time. We then distinguish between the objectives to minimize both the total cost and the maximum cost among tasks. A general dynamic programming framework is provided which allows us to solve all problem versions in pseudo-polynomial time. Furthermore, we show that while the general problem aiming for minimum total cost is binary NP-hard, the general problem aiming for minimum maximum cost can be solved in polynomial time. Finally, we address two important special cases of the former, and we show that they can be solved in polynomial time as well.

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38

Zhang, Yu Bo, Yi Qin Li y Hong Yun Luo. "The Probabilistic Safety Assessment of the Rail Mounted Gantry Cranes". Materials Science Forum 749 (marzo de 2013): 450–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.749.450.

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The technology of PSA(probabilistic safety assessment) based on fracture mechanics has been applied on the engineering field. However therere few application on the port machines still with some problems. A comprehensive discuss on PSA method was presented in this paper. Firstly, the experiment of the fracture mechanics parameters of Q345 steel used on the port machines structures was made to provide the parameters for PSA. Secondly, probabilistic analysis with the series of the Q345 steels FAC(Failure Assessment Curve) provides the PSA criterion. By using stress analysis, defect detection and material properties, the structures safety of a RMG(Rail Mounted Gantry) of one port in service were assessed, the result show that the key points of the crane are safe in one point service. The technology presented in this paper will be significant for the operation and management of the port equipment.

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39

Yavuz, Hakan y Serkan Beller. "An intelligent serial connected hybrid control method for gantry cranes". Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing 146 (enero de 2021): 107011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2020.107011.

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40

ABE, Masajiro, Takashi NAGAI y Taketo FUJISAKI. "Traveling Simulation of AC Motor Drive Tire-mounted Gantry Cranes". Proceedings of the Transportation and Logistics Conference 2004.13 (2004): 145–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmetld.2004.13.145.

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41

Böck, Martin, Andreas Stöger y Andreas Kugi. "Efficient Generation of Fast Trajectories for Gantry Cranes with Constraints". IFAC-PapersOnLine 50, n.º 1 (julio de 2017): 1937–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2017.08.386.

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42

Sun, Ning y Yongchun Fang. "Partially saturated nonlinear control for gantry cranes with hardware experiments". Nonlinear Dynamics 77, n.º 3 (12 de marzo de 2014): 655–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11071-014-1328-y.

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43

Golovin, Ievgen y Stefan Palis. "Modeling and discrepancy based control of underactuated large gantry cranes". IFAC-PapersOnLine 53, n.º 2 (2020): 7783–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2020.12.1866.

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44

Filipiak – Kowszyk, Daria y Waldemar Kamiński. "The Application of Kalman Filtering to Predict Vertical Rail Axis Displacements of the Overhead Crane Being a Component of Seaport Transport Structure". Polish Maritime Research 23, n.º 2 (1 de abril de 2016): 64–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pomr-2016-0022.

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AbstractAs the devices designed to transport materials, the overhead cranes should meet certain geometric requirements for their operation to be safe. The presently available geodetic equipment, in particular total stations, provides opportunities for precise 3D measurements of coordinates of the controlled points. These coordinates make a basis for correcting the height of crane runway axes. The paper presents a method to calculate position corrections for the crane rail axes in both vertical and horizontal direction, and indicates that these results can find much wider application. Among other goals, the observations of this type, along with the Kalman filtration method, can be used to predict vertical displacements of the crane rail axes. The object of practical considerations in the paper is a crane working in the area with unfavourable geotechnical conditions and the settling limits attributed to this crane and location area in the technical design. The sample practical application has confirmed the validity of the use of the proposed solution for evaluating the operational safety of the crane. Although the tests were performed for the gantry crane, the proposed solution is believed to be applicable for other types of overhead cranes.

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45

Al-mousa, Amjed A., Ali H. Nayfeh y Pushkin Kachroo. "Control of Rotary Cranes Using Fuzzy Logic". Shock and Vibration 10, n.º 2 (2003): 81–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2003/746542.

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Rotary cranes (tower cranes) are common industrial structures that are used in building construction, factories, and harbors. These cranes are usually operated manually. With the size of these cranes becoming larger and the motion expected to be faster, the process of controlling them has become difficult without using automatic control methods. In general, the movement of cranes has no prescribed path. Cranes have to be run under different operating conditions, which makes closed-loop control attractive.In this work a fuzzy logic controller is introduced with the idea of “split-horizon”; that is, fuzzy inference engines (FIE) are used for tracking the position and others are used for damping the load oscillations. The controller consists of two independent sub-controllers: radial and rotational. Each of these controllers has two fuzzy inference engines (FIE). Computer simulations are used to verify the performance of the controller. Three simulation cases are presented. In the first case, the crane is operated in the gantry (radial) mode in which the trolley moves along the jib while the jib is fixed. In the second case (rotary mode), the trolley moves along the jib and the jib rotates. In the third case, the trolley and jib are fixed while the load is given an initial disturbance. The results from the simulations show that the fuzzy controller is capable of keeping the load-oscillation angles small throughout the maneuvers while completing the maneuvers in relatively reasonable times.

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46

Xie, Xiao Peng, Dong Hui Wang, Guo Jian Huang y Xin Hua Wang. "A Discussion about FBG Sensors Application of Crane SHM System". Applied Mechanics and Materials 336-338 (julio de 2013): 185–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.336-338.185.

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The arrangement positions and the quantities are different for different types of cranes. In order to make suitable decision, much investigate and survey was done at preliminary stage, and we know that the flange connected gate legs and turntables, the connections between load-bearing beam and rotary column under the engine room and the connections between jib and turntable are easy to lose efficient, and their mainly failure modes are cracks. By the method of finite element, 32 sensors (including 21 welding strain FBG sensors and 11 temperature FBG sensors) were used after doing much investigate and survey and finite element modeling analysis, which are arranged in different places of a gantry crane of MQ2533, for real-time structure health monitoring. This method makes the sensor data obtained more realistically reflects the crane structural condition, which provides reliable data support for crane safety monitoring and safety evaluation. Then a software platform is developed to monitor the real-time stress. If the real-time stress exceeds the allowable stress, it issues an alarm signal to the operator.

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47

Kharola, Ashwani y Pravin P. Patil. "Automated Control and Optimisation of Overhead Cranes". International Journal of Manufacturing, Materials, and Mechanical Engineering 7, n.º 3 (julio de 2017): 41–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijmmme.2017070103.

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This study considers a fuzzy based computing technique for control and optimising performance of overhead gantry crane. The objective is to minimise load swing and stabilise crane position in the least possible time. The fuzzy controllers were designed using nine gaussian and triangular shape membership functions. The results clearly confirmed the effect of shape of memberships on performance of fuzzy controllers. Performance of overhead crane was measured in terms of settling time and overshoot. The study also demonstrates the influence of varying mass of the load, mass of crane and length of crane bar on stability of the crane. A mathematical model of the crane system has been derived to develop a simulink model of proposed system and performing simulations.

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48

Tang, Ya Ping, Hai Bo Wu y Hai Long Liu. "The Wireless Monitoring System of Shipbuilding Gantry Cranes Based on S3C6410". Applied Mechanics and Materials 716-717 (diciembre de 2014): 965–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.716-717.965.

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For the insufficient of the present monitoring and control system of the crane in communication mode, monitoring data and data is stored; the system of gantry crane safety monitoring and control based on S3c6410 ARM11 is designed in this paper. The Zigbee wireless networking is used to collect and deal with the distributed sensor monitoring, and it can find the problems and to control in the shortest time. To realize the "black box" record function, the SQLite3.0 embedded database is transplanted to real-time storage the Critical data. It is confirmed that the system operation is stable and reliable that can guarantee the monitoring and control system operation security and improving work efficiency, and it has a good application prospect.

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49

Al-Fares, F., H. Al-Mubarak, T. Al-Fiqi y M. Al-Ajmi. "Electro-Mechanical Modelling and Load Sway Control of Gantry Cranes (Dept.M)". MEJ. Mansoura Engineering Journal 32, n.º 4 (10 de diciembre de 2020): 58–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/bfemu.2020.128990.

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50

Singhose, William, Lisa Porter, Michael Kenison y Eric Kriikku. "Effects of hoisting on the input shaping control of gantry cranes". Control Engineering Practice 8, n.º 10 (octubre de 2000): 1159–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0967-0661(00)00054-x.

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