Tesis: "GAN adaptation"

1

Stein, Dylan. "An Arctic Adaptation". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1554120044753592.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

2

Boizot, Nicolas. "Adaptative high-gain extended Kalman filter and applications". Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00559107.

Texto completo

Resumen

The work concerns the "observability problem"--the reconstruction of a dynamic process's full state from a partially measured state-- for nonlinear dynamic systems. The Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) is a widely-used observer for such nonlinear systems. However it suffers from a lack of theoretical justifications and displays poor performance when the estimated state is far from the real state, e.g. due to large perturbations, a poor initial state estimate, etc. . . We propose a solution to these problems, the Adaptive High-Gain (EKF). Observability theory reveals the existence of special representations characterizing nonlinear systems having the observability property. Such representations are called observability normal forms. A EKF variant based on the usage of a single scalar parameter, combined with an observability normal form, leads to an observer, the High-Gain EKF, with improved performance when the estimated state is far from the actual state. Its convergence for any initial estimated state is proven. Unfortunately, and contrary to the EKF, this latter observer is very sensitive to measurement noise. Our observer combines the behaviors of the EKF and of the high-gain EKF. Our aim is to take advantage of both efficiency with respect to noise smoothing and reactivity to large estimation errors. In order to achieve this, the parameter that is the heart of the high-gain technique is made adaptive. Voila, the Adaptive High-Gain EKF. A measure of the quality of the estimation is needed in order to drive the adaptation. We propose such an index and prove the relevance of its usage. We provide a proof of convergence for the resulting observer, and the final algorithm is demonstrated via both simulations and a real-time implementation. Finally, extensions to multiple output and to continuous-discrete systems are given.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

3

Lindkvist, Oskar. "Model Adaptation of a Mixed Flow Turbofan Engine". Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för system- och rymdteknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-80667.

Texto completo

Resumen

Gas turbine performance models are usually created in an object oriented manner, where different standard components are connected to form the complete model. The characteristics of these components are often represented by component maps and empirical correlations. However, engine specific component characteristics are seldom available to anyone outside of the manufacturers. It is therefore very common for researchers to use publicly accessible or generic component maps instead. But in order to reduce prediction errors the maps have to be modified to fit any specific engine. This thesis work investigates the process of adapting a parametric turbofan engine model to a limited amount of test-data using the propulsion program EVA. Steady state test-data was generated using an initial reference model with SLS operating conditions. Another engine model with different fan, compressor and turbine maps was then used in the adaptation. An initial on-design model was adapted to the highest power test-data point. This model is based on aerothermodynamic equations and is used as a reference to scale the generic component maps to. A sensitivity analysis was done at this point in order to find dependencies between unknown component parameters and test data. These were then included in the cycle solver which employs a version of the Newton-Raphson method. After the fan and compressor maps had been scaled to the design point they were adapted to test-data by adjusting the mass flow parameters in a direct search optimizer. Finally, speed lines in the fan and compressor maps were relabeled to reduce rotor speed errors. The adapted performance model was then validated against the reference model at a few flying conditions. The performance model results demonstrate that it is possible to greatly reduce prediction errors by only adjusting the corrected mass flow in fan and compressor maps. Additionally, rotor speed errors could successfully be corrected as a final step in the adaptation by relabeling speed lines in the component maps. When validated, the adapted model had a maximum parameter error of 1.5%.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

4

Svanberg, Kerstin. "Bringing the history of fashion up-to-date; towards a model for temporal adatation in translation". Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk och litteratur, SOL, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-22629.

Texto completo

Resumen

In cultural adaptation, the translator has a solid theoretical ground to stand upon; scholars have elaborated strategies that are helpful to this effect. However, there is little research, if any, to rely upon in the matter of temporal adaptation. The aim of this paper is to fill this gap. The primary data used in this translational study consists of an English source text that was published in 2008 and the resulting target text, translated to Swedish in 2012. Hence, in order for the target text to function in its time, there was a four-year long time gap to fill with accurate and relevant data and in a style that would not deviate from the author’s original intentions; the target text needed to be temporally adapted. In what follows, I will suggest a set of strategies for temporal adaptation. The model is elaborated with strategies for cultural adaptation as a starting point and based upon measures taken to relocate the target text to 2012. The suggested strategies are time bridging, updating, adjustment and omission. These four strategies make up the model that I put forward to bridge the theoretical gap that seems to prevail in the matter of temporal adaptation. However, considering that the data used in this study was relatively limited, the applicability of the strategies may be the scope of future studies.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

5

Zhang, Kewen. "Attitude Synchronization of Spacecraft Formation with Optimization and Adaptation of Consensus Penalty Terms". Digital WPI, 2013. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/246.

Texto completo

Resumen

The contribution of this thesis is on the temporal adjustment of the consensus weights, as applied to spacecraft formation control. Such an objective is attained by dynamically enforcing attitude synchronization via coupling terms included in each spacecraft controller. It is assumed that each spacecraft has identical dynamics but with unknown inertia parameters and external disturbances. By augmenting a standard adaptive controller that accounts for the unknown parameters, made feasible via an assumption on parameterization, with adaptation of the consensus weights, one opts to improve spacecraft synchronization. The coupling terms, responsible for enforcing synchronization amongst spacecraft, are weighted dynamically in proportion to the disagreement between the states of the spacecraft. The time adjustment of edge-dependent gains as well as the special cases of node-dependent and agent-independent constant gains are derived using Lyapunov redesign methods. The proposed adaptive control architectures which allow for adaptation of both parameter uncertainties and consensus penalty terms are demonstrated via extensive numerical studies of spacecraft networks with limited connectivity. By considering the sum of deviation-from-the-mean and rotational kinetic energy as appropriate metrics for synchronization and controller performance, the numerical studies also provide insights on the choice of optimal consensus gains.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

6

Lagarde, Cyril. "Modélisation de transistor de puissance en technologie GaN : conception d’un amplificateur de type Doherty pour les émetteurs à puissance adaptative". Limoges, 2006. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/36416d31-0431-481e-84ec-ad7070a42012/blobholder:0/2006LIMO0038.pdf.

Texto completo

Resumen

L’avènement des technologies de transistors de puissance sur matériaux "grand gap" tels que le Nitrure de Gallium (GaN) permet d’envisager un saut technologique majeur pour la génération de puissance à l’état solide. Cette nouvelle technologie présente des possibilités intéressantes pour des amplificateurs de puissance micro-ondes, en termes de température de fonctionnement élevée, de densités de puissance élevées et de tensions de claquage élevées. Dans une première partie, ce travail concerne le développement d'un nouveau modèle non linéaire électrothermique tabulaire comprenant les effets de pièges sur un transistor HEMT AlGaN/GaN. Ce modèle a été alors utilisé, dans la deuxième partie de cette thèse, pour concevoir un amplificateur de puissance basé sur le principe Doherty. Cependant les contraintes de linéarité et de rendement imposées dans les communications spatiales constituent, encore à l’heure actuelle, un obstacle à l’utilisation de ces technologies. Afin de traiter ces contraintes, nous avons proposé et conçu un nouvel amplificateur Doherty ayant une architecture symétrique basée sur trois transistors HEMTs GaN. Les résultats expérimentaux ont montré des possibilités intéressantes de cette nouvelle structure Doherty en termes de rendement et de linéarité
New power transistors technologies based on “wide bandgap” materials such as Gallium Nitride (GaN) were developed these last years. This new technology presents interesting capabilities for high power microwave amplifiers in terms of high working temperature, high power densities and high breakdown voltages. This work concerns first the development of a new tabular electrothermal non linear model including trapping effects on an AlGaN/GaN power HEMT. This model has then been used, in the second part of this thesis, to design a power amplifier based on the Doherty principle. In satellite communication systems, a good linearity and a high efficiency are drastic constraints on the power amplifier. In order to deal with these constraints, we have proposed and designed a new Doherty amplifier with a symmetrical architecture based on three GaN HEMT devices. Experimental results have shown the interesting capabilities of this new Doherty structure in terms of efficiency and linearity under output power back-off operation

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

7

Dunn, Felice Audris. "Gain control of rod and cone vision in the mammalian retina /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10642.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

8

Karanikas, Konstantinos [Verfasser]. "Adaptation der muskulären Kraftfähigkeiten sowie der Gang- und Laufkinematik nach einer vorderen Kreuzbandrekonstruktion bzw. Kreuzbandverletzung / Konstantinos Karanikas". Köln : Zentralbibliothek der Deutschen Sporthochschule, 2006. http://d-nb.info/1071854135/34.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

9

Ingallina, Alessandro. "Adaptive High-Gain Observers via Discete time Identifier". Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019.

Buscar texto completo

Resumen

The system's state observation is one of the most important problem in control theory, and it becomes extremely challenging when the system model is not entirely known. For linear systems the problem is solved by using Luenberger observer in a deterministic framework and by Kalman filter in a stochastic framework, while for nonlinear systems, the observation problem is still a research topic. The aim of this thesis is to give a framework, in which the adaptation problem, relative to the model unknowns, can be performed by system identification techniques. In particular, in this thesis we develop and implement adaptive observers design, that uses "universal approximator" to perform the adaptation problem. Moreover, we present simulations on the performance of the proposed observer.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

10

Rocha, Chrystianne. "Gap filler adaptativo para sistema ISDB-Tb". Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2014. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/1440.

Texto completo

Resumen

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:37:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Chrystianne Rocha.pdf: 2924776 bytes, checksum: a1d74db138a8b87f0518f3a6ef67c404 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-07
This master thesis presents the proposal of assigning the cognitive ability to a gap filler. Differently from the usual repeaters found on the market, the adaptive gap filler is able to automatically monitor tuned channels with the intention of verifying if the protection ratio described in Resolution nº398 from Anatel is being respected. Spectrum sensing techniques and the concepts related to coverage area will be addressed. Tests were carried out on the Matlab and GNU Radio Software with the purpose of analyzing the adaptive gap filler performance on real channels.
Este trabalho apresenta a proposta de atribuir ao gap filler a capacidade cognitiva . Diferentemente dos repetidores encontrados no mercado, o gap filler adaptativo tem como função monitorar, de forma autônoma, os canais sintonizados para verificar se a relação de proteção descrita na Resolução nº 398 da Anatel está sendo respeitada. Como fundamentos dessa proposta são abordadas as técnicas de sensoriamento do espectro e os conceitos relacionados às áreas de cobertura. Em uma abordagem prática, os testes foram desenvolvidos no Matlab e no GNU Radio, em que se analisa a atuação do gap filler adaptativo em canais reais.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

11

LEYMARIE, JEAN-LOUIS. "Adaptation cardiorespiratoire a l'effort chez l'insuffisant cardiaque : etude de la reproductibilite des mesures en l'etat stable". Limoges, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LIMO0171.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

12

Ting, Chih-Chi. "Niezi and its legacies : tracing the emergence of gay and queer subcultures in Taiwan". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/niezi-and-its-legacies-tracing-the-emergence-of-gay-and-queer-subcultures-in-taiwan(fd04e21a-6baa-48e5-8d1e-4829ac994609).html.

Texto completo

Resumen

This thesis seeks to trace the representations of male homosexuality in Taiwanese society since the 1970s, with a specific focus on the legacies and representations of Pai Hsien-yung’s novel Niezi (Crystal Boys, published in 1983), widely regarded as the first full-length novel themed on homosexuality in Taiwan’s literary history. Set in 1970s Taiwan during the Martial Law period, the novel’s portrayal of the underground homosexual community and male prostitution culture based in Taipei’s New Park (now 228 Park) did not capture critical attention or gain commercial success when published, owing to the then conservative social atmosphere. Nonetheless, after the lifting of Martial Law, as Taiwan became a democratised nation with mature elective democracy and participation in globalised cultural circuits, Niezi became canonised and politicised as the iconic text for a sequence of social activism regarding homosexual human rights in academia and related cultural activities in the 1990s and 2000s. Even today, Niezi is still considered the most debatable representative homosexual literary text in Taiwan’s homosexual community. While Niezi’s iconic status has stood the test of time over the past three decades, the changing interpretations of the text offer a great resource through which to examine the representations of male homosexuality in Taiwan during this period. Taiwanese society transformed from an authoritarian regime in the 1970s and 1980s, to quasi-democracy in the early 1990s, then full elective democracy in the mid-1990s, and now Taiwan has fully joined the globalised circuits of the capitalist economy, with free markets, cross-cultural communication and rapid flows of information. This social transformation brought about changing interpretations of Niezi, in which male homosexuality was no longer a social taboo, and activist cultural critics started to demand equal rights for homosexuals inspired by Euro-American theoretical discourse and social reform. The social transformation also saw two visual adaptations of the novel through the forms of film and television, which I shall examine in this thesis. I will also demonstrate not just how male homosexuality has been represented in different social contexts, but also what has contributed to the endurance of Niezi’s legacies in the past three decades. In addition, while there was a great amount of homosexual literature produced after the lifting of Martial Law owing to social liberalisation, the thesis will also consider Niezi’s continuing iconic status.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

13

Pak, Sun. "Adaptation, combustion et limites pauvres d'un moteur à allumage commandé au gaz naturel obtenu par conversion d'un diesel faible puissance". Valenciennes, 1994. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/1d663861-db36-4829-9d80-aa7826a05ebe.

Texto completo

Resumen

Un moteur diesel faible puissance a était converti en A. C. Puis alimenté au gaz naturel. Les caractéristiques générales de la combustion (délais, durées de combustion, dispersion cyclique) ont été étudiées en fonction du rapport air-gaz, de l'avance à l'allumage, et du type de bougie ainsi que les performances du moteur. Pour le comportement en mélange très pauvre, nous avons déterminé les limites opératoires, analyse le déroulement de la combustion et observe les variations de pression. En utilisant un générateur de turbulence en forme de cône, nous avons reculé les limites pauvres et réduit la dispersion cyclique et la pollution estimée en fonction de la richesse du mélange, de l'avance à l'allumage, de la vitesse et de la charge du moteur. A la fin de l'étude, nous donnons les conditions opératoires optimum pour différentes charges et vitesses.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

14

Peccoux, Anthony. "Molecular and physiological characterization of grapevine rootstock adaptation to drought". Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR21864/document.

Texto completo

Resumen

Dans le contexte du changement climatique, les prédictions réalisées mettent en évidence une altération de la disponibilité en eau dans de nombreuses régions viticoles ; ce qui, conjointement à l’augmentation de la population mondiale et la diminution des terres agricoles, va accroître la compétition pour l’utilisation des ressources hydriques. Par conséquent, améliorer l'adaptation à la sécheresse de la vigne est un des enjeux majeurs des prochaines années. Pour cela, une adaptation des pratiques culturales peut être proposée, en particulier le choix pertinent du matériel végétal et notamment du porte-greffe.Dans ce travail, le rôle du porte-greffe vis-à-vis de la réponse de la vigne greffée à la contrainte hydrique a été étudié, en utilisant des approches écophysiologiques, moléculaires et de modélisation. Des expériences ont été réalisées en conditions contrôlées afin d’étudier l’effet du déficit hydrique à court et long terme sur les réponses de différents porte-greffes greffés avec le même scion.Le modèle écophysiologique a démontré que les porte-greffes affectent l'ouverture stomatique du greffon par des processus coordonnés incluant les caractéristiques racinaires, les signaux hydrauliques et les signaux chimiques lors d’un déficit hydrique à court terme. La conductance stomatique, le taux de transpiration et la conductance hydraulique des feuilles ont été plus élevés en conditions irriguées et de stress hydriques modérés chez le génotype résistant à la sécheresse (110 Richter) par rapport au génotype sensible à la sécheresse (Vitis riparia cv. Gloire de Montpellier). Nous avons identifié plusieurs paramètres génétiques impliqués dans le contrôle de la régulation stomatique. Des différences d’architecture racinaire et de conductivité hydraulique des racines ont été identifiées entre les porte-greffes.Le déficit hydrique à long terme a entrainé des réponses adaptatives différentes entre les porte-greffes. Le génotype tolérant la sécheresse a induit une modification du diamètre des vaisseaux du xylème de la partie apicale de la racine en réponse au déficit hydrique modéré tandis que le génotype sensible n'a pas présenté de différence par rapport au contrôle. L’analyse transcriptomique des racines a identifié des gènes spécifiques aux différents génotypes, qui sont régulés en fonction du niveau de déficit hydrique. La comparaison entre les niveaux de stress et les génotypes a identifié 24 gènes intervenant dans l’interaction « traitement × génotype ». Ces gènes sont majoritairement impliqués dans le métabolisme des lipides et de la paroi cellulaire. Des courbes de réponse au déficit hydrique spécifiques aux différents génotypes ont été observées. La protection contre les dommages liés aux stress oxydatifs induits par le stress hydrique semble être un mécanisme important chez le porte-greffe résistant à la sécheresse. Le génotype sensible semble répondre au déficit hydrique par une modification des propriétés de la paroi cellulaire de la racine
Climate change raises concerns about temporal and spatial water availability in many grape growing countries. The rapidly increasing world population and the scarcity of suitable land for agricultural food production, together with a changing climate, will increase competition with grape-producing areas for the use of land and resources. Consequently, other practices that can potentially improve water management of vineyards and water acquisition by grapevines need to be considered. Aside from canopy systems and their management, the choice of plant material is a key issue. Therefore, in the present work, the role of different rootstocks, regarding their tolerance to drought, was investigated for their potential effects on i) water uptake, ii) water transport and iii) shoot water use, using a combination of ecophysiological, modelling and transcriptomic approaches. Experiments were conducted under controlled conditions to decipher short and long term responses to drought of different rootstocks grafted with the same scion. An ecophysiological model was used to investigate the roles of rootstock genotypes in the control of stomatal aperture. Long-term steady state water-deficit conditions were used to examine the responses of i) whole plant growth, root anatomy and hydraulic properties and ii) transcriptome remodelling in the roots.Our model showed that rootstock affect stomatal aperture of the grafted scion via coordinated processes between root traits, hydraulic signals and chemical signals. Stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and leaf-specific hydraulic conductance were higher and better maintained under well-watered and moderate water-deficit conditions in the drought-tolerant genotype (110 Richter) compared to the drought-sensitive one (Vitis riparia cv. Gloire de Montpellier). We identified several genotype-specific parameters which play important roles, like root-related parameters, in the control of stomatal regulation. Additionally, root system architecture and root hydraulic properties are important constitutive traits identified between rootstocks.Long-term water-deficit induced genotype adaptive responses in the roots were evaluated. The drought-tolerant genotype exhibited a substantial shift in root tips xylem conduit diameter under moderate water-deficit while the drought-sensitive genotype did not respond. Transcriptomic analysis identified genotype-specific transcripts that are regulated by water-deficit levels. The comparison between stress levels and genotypes identified 24 significant genes in “treatment×genotype” interactions, most of them were involved in lipid metabolism and cell wall processes. These genes displayed genotype-specific water-deficit response curves. Protection against drought-induced oxidative damage was found to be an important mechanisms induced by the drought-tolerant rootstock, while the drought-sensitive one responds to water-deficit by modification of cell wall properties

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

15

Lalaouna, David. "Role d' ARN non codants régulateurs dans l' adaptation de Pseudomonas brassicacearum à la rhizosphère et aux fluctuations de l' environnement". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4006.

Texto completo

Resumen

Pseudomonas brassicacearum a la particularité de générer une diversité intraclonale aussi bien in vitro qu'en conditions naturelles dans la rhizosphère de plantes. Ce phénomène de variation phénotypique commun chez les bactéries est un processus d'adaptation aux environnements changeants. Des données de transcriptomique issues de puces à ADN, contenant aussi bien des séquences codantes que non codantes, nous ont permis d'identifier les gènes dont l'expression est altérée et surtout de relier ce phénomène à l'expression d'ARN non codants régulateurs (ARNnc) de type Rsm qui sont sous le contrôle du système à deux composants GacS/GacA. Nous avons montré que des mutations ponctuelles dans les gènes gacS ou gacA sont à l'origine de cette variation phénotypique et que l'expression de l'un des trois gènes rsmX, rsmY ou rsmZ permet de restaurer le phénotype de la souche sauvage. L'importance de ces ARNnc dans la survie de la bactérie aux fluctuations de son environnement est dénotée par la duplication de rsmX en un gène que nous avons nommé rsmX-2, dont la fonction a été validée. Nos données suggèrent une activation exclusive des gènes rsmX-1 et rsmX-2 par GacA et l'intervention de régulateurs additionnels dans le cas de rsmY et rsmZ. Au vu de la redondance fonctionnelle de ces quatre ARNnc, nous avons investigué leur niveau d'expression et leur stabilité dans différentes conditions de culture et montré des différences pour les quatre ARNnc. En réponse à une carence en nutriments, l'expression des ARNnc Rsm est fortement activée et atteint son maximum quand le ppGpp est détecté dans le milieu, suggérant un lien entre le système Gac/Rsm et la réponse « stringente »
The plant-beneficial bacterium Pseudomonas brassicacearum forms phenotypic variants in vitro as well as in planta during root colonisation under natural conditions. Transcriptome analysis of typical phenotypic variants using microarrays containing coding as well as non-coding DNA fragments showed differential expression of several genes relevant to secondary metabolism and of the small non-coding RNA (ncRNA) genes rsmX, rsmY and rsmZ, which was characterized by down-regulation. Naturally occurring mutations in the GacS/GacA two-component system accounted for phenotypic switching. The importance of these ncRNAs in the survival of the bacteria to changing environments is denoted by the duplication of rsmX gene, which we called rsmX-2 and whose function has been validated. Our data suggest an exclusive activation of rsmX-1 and rsmX-2 genes by GacA and the involvement of additional regulators in the case of rsmY and rsmZ. Given the functional redundancy of these ncRNAs, we investigated their expression level and stability in different culture conditions and showed differences for the four ncRNAs. In response to nutrient depletion, the four ncRNAs expression is strongly activated and reaches its maximum when the ppGpp is detected in bacterial cells, suggesting a link between the Gac/Rsm system and the "stringent" response. Determining the level of each Rsm ncRNA, which is defined by a balance between synthesis and degradation of each transcript, shows the maintenance of a very important pool of RsmZ compared to other ncRNAs

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

16

Falese, Mario. "A study of the effects of bifurcations in swirling flows using Large Eddy Simulation and mesh adaptation". Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2013. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/10306/1/falese_partie_1_sur_3.pdf.

Texto completo

Resumen

Swirling flows, which are widely employed in gas turbines, are known to undergo bifurcation between different topologies (large reconfigurations of the flow field) affecting the engine performance and safety. This work focuses on the study of such bifurcations using Large-Eddy Simulation (LES). It shows that a small change in the fluid dynamics conditions, induced by the different Sub-Grid Scale (SGS) models used in the simulations, can cause a transition between two, distinct, flow states when the swirling flow is close to transition conditions. The sensitivity of LES to SGS modeling is also identified as the result of a lack of mesh resolution at some critical locations, a problem which is analyzed using mesh adaptation. Mesh adaptation is tested on canonical and industrial flows. Here, by adjusting the mesh resolution based on the characteristics of the flow examined (refining and coarsening the grid keeping constant the numerical cost), substantial improvements of the LES predictions can be obtained. This work can be considered as the first step toward the establishment of a standard (repeatable and user independent) meshing procedure for LES.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

17

Lovink, Anton. "The Adaptation of South Sudanese Christian Refugees in Ottawa, Canada: Social Capital, Segmented Assimilation and Religious Organization". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/19579.

Texto completo

Resumen

This dissertation examines the adaptation of Christian refugees from Southern Sudan—primarily Dinkas and mostly educated—to living in Ottawa, Canada, not historically a gateway immigrant city. The discussion is based on sustained observation, documentation and analysis of South Sudanese refugees between 2005 and 2009, including 32 recorded interviews of adults, as well as a focus group held with young adults. It examines the findings through the lenses of social capital, with its focus on trust and reciprocity, and segmented assimilation to study the South Sudanese refugees’ integration through their most important groupings: ethnic, gendered, racial and religious. The study also focuses on the cultural, gender and language dynamics of a nascent South Sudanese-focused congregation and a related East African congregation. The experiences of Anglican and Catholic congregations with Christian Sudanese refugees were also examined. The research suggests that inter-culturally competent ethnic and religious leadership is central to the ability of migrant groups in the Global North to have enough bonding social capital to mediate the adaptation process and to bridge or link to other groups. First-wave, mostly male, educated refugees often have the inter-cultural skills and agency to set up effective organizations, but a continued focus on their region of origin, facilitated by the Internet and cell phones, makes a sustained emphasis on organizational-supported living in Canada difficult. While the values of many Sudanese-born women and their children converge with those of mainstream Canadian society, men living within patriarchal value systems, supported by literal interpretations of Holy Scriptures, face challenges, and the resulting conflicts threaten family cohesion. Both the denominational and the ethnic churches, in supporting new migrants spiritually and socially, are caught between denominational parameters and goals of ethnic identity, culture and values maintenance, made more difficult by the Sudanese not having a common language. The dissertation also begins to analyze the impact for recent African Christian immigrants of a culture that emphasizes individual rights, including the effects of the increasing presence of openly gay leaders in the Canadian but not in the African Church.
Cette dissertation se penche sur l’adaptation des réfugiés chrétiens originaires du Sud du Soudan, en majorité d’ethnie Dinka et scolarisés, vivant à Ottawa, Canada. Les résultats de la recherche sur 5 ans suggèrent qu’une gestion adéquate des dynamiques ethniques et religieuses au niveau interculturel est capitale dans la capacité des groupes de migrants dans les pays développés pour générer suffisamment de capital social et faciliter le processus d’adaptation pour se lier à d’autres groupes. Les églises confessionnelles et les églises ethniques, en aidant les immigrants spirituellement et socialement, sont coincées entre des paramètres confessionnels et des objectifs d’identification ethnique, de maintien de valeurs et de culture, compliqués par l’absence d’une langue commune parmi les Soudanais. Cette dissertation tente aussi d’analyser l’impact pour les immigrants africains de fraîche date, d’une culture qui valorise les droits individuels, y compris l’émergence de chefs de file ouvertement homosexuels dans les églises canadiennes mais non dans les églises africaines.
University of Ottawa

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

18

Amat, Amandine. "Le changement climatique de la simulation aux modes d'existence : étude de trajectoires climatiques de villes et d'entreprises en Alsace". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAG023/document.

Texto completo

Resumen

Cette thèse porte sur l’ultimatum qu’impose le phénomène de changement climatique à la société occidentale contemporaine : changer de modèle de société ou risquer l’effondrement (Diamonds,2006). L’épreuve majeure qui s’impose serait celle d’habiter autrement la Terre, autour d’un autre projet : celui de la lutte contre le changement climatique. De nombreuses publications (Aykut,2012 ; Dahan, 2015 ; Latour, 2015 ; Roques, 2013 ; Stengers, 2009) décrivent l’incapacité des institutions étatiques à construire un projet commun pour répondre aux enjeux climatiques. Dans cette affaire, les études « critiques » relèvent la place importante qu’a prise la simulation au détriment de l’action concrète et pérenne. Modélisations climatiques, simulations politiques et économiques, diagnostics sociologiques, fictions littéraires, le changement climatique est largement investi par le récit. Nos immersions de terrain ont montré que d’autres échelles de l’action s’emparaient déjà activement de l’affaire climatique. Villes et entreprises sont, en effet, de plus en plus nombreuses à prendre position dans la problématique énergie-climat. Il s’ensuit que certains énoncés, par leur position de médiateurs, avaient cédé la place à des expérimentations concrètes. Adoptant une démarche pragmatique, inspirée de l’Enquête sur les modes d’existence, proposée par Latour, et enrichie par le modèle des Économies de la Grandeur de Boltanski et Thévenot, cette thèse tente de décrire les divers modes d’existence de la problématique climatique auprès de collectifs territoriaux. Par ailleurs, nous faisons l’hypothèse de l’influence d’arrières plans culturels et d’intérêts passionnés dans la production de stratégies climatiques par des acteurs locaux
This thesis focuses on the ultimatum imposed by the climate change phenomenon in contemporary Western society : changing the model of society or risk collapse (Diamonds, 2006). The major ordealt hat is required was that of otherwise inhabit the Earth around another project : the fight against climate change. Many publications (Aykut, 2012 ; Dahan, 2015 ; Latour, 2015 ; Roques, 2013 ;Stengers, 2009) describe the inability of state institutions to build a common project to respond to climate challenges. In this situation, the "critical" studies note the important place that has taken the simulation at the expense of concrete and sustainable action. Climate modelling, political and economic simulations, sociological diagnoses, literary fiction, climate change is largely invested by the narrative. Our field immersions have shown that other scales of action are already actively seized ofthe climate deal. Cities and businesses are in fact more likely to take a position in the energy and climate challenge. It follows that some statements, by their position mediators had given way to concrete experiments. Taking a pragmatic approach, inspired by the l’Enquête sur les modes d’existence proposed by Latour, and enriched by the model of Économies de la Grandeur of Boltanski and Thevenot, this thesis attempts to describe the various modes of existence of the climate problem from territorial collectives. We also assuming the rear of influence cultural plans and attachments in producing climate strategies by local actors

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

19

Rivollier, Séverine. "Analyse d’image geometrique et morphometrique par diagrammes de forme et voisinages adaptatifs generaux". Thesis, Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EMSE0575/document.

Texto completo

Resumen

Les fonctionnelles de Minkowski définissent des mesures topologiques et géométriques d'ensembles, insuffisantes pour la caractérisation, des ensembles différents pouvant avoir les mêmes fonctionnelles. D'autres fonctionnelles de forme, géométriques et morphométriques, sont donc utilisées. Un diagramme de forme, défini grâce à deux fonctionnelles morphométriques, donne une représentation permettant d'étudier les formes d'ensembles. En analyse d'image, ces fonctionnelles et diagrammes sont souvent limités aux images binaires et déterminés de manière globale et mono-échelle. Les Voisinages Adaptatifs Généraux (VAG) simultanément adaptatifs avec les échelles d'analyse, structures spatiales et intensités des images, permettent de pallier ces limites. Une analyse locale, adaptative et multi-échelle des images à tons de gris est proposée sous forme de cartographies des fonctionnelles de forme à VAG.Les VAG, définis en tout point du support spatial d'une image à tons de gris, sont homogènes par rapport à un critère d'analyse représenté dans un modèle vectoriel, suivant une tolérance d'homogénéité. Les fonctionnelles de forme calculées pour chaque VAG de l'image définissent les cartographies des fonctionnelles de forme à VAG. Les histogrammes et diagrammes de ces cartographies donnent des distributions statistiques des formes des structures locales de l'image contrairement aux histogrammes classiques qui donnent une distribution globale des intensités de l'image. L'impact de la variation des critères axiomatiques des VAG est analysé à travers ces cartographies, histogrammes et diagrammes. Des cartographies multi-échelles sont construites, définissant des fonctions de forme à VAG
Minkowski functionals define set topological and geometrical measurements, insufficient for the characterization, because different sets may have the same functionals. Thus, other shape functionals, geometrical and morphometrical are used. A shape diagram, defined thanks to two morphometrical functionals, provides a representation allowing the study of set shapes. In quantitative image analysis, these functionals and diagrams are often limited to binary images and achieved in a global and monoscale way. The General Adaptive Neighborhoods (GANs) simultaneously adaptive with the analyzing scales, the spatial structures and the image intensities, enable to overcome these limitations. The GAN-based Minkowski functionals are introduced, which allow a gray-tone image analysis to be realized in a local, adaptive and multiscale way.The GANs, defined around each point of the spatial support of a gray-tone image, are homogeneous with respect to an analyzing criterion function represented in an algebraic model, according to an homogeneity tolerance. The shape functionals computed on the GAN of each point of the spatial support of the image, define the so-called GAN-based shape maps. The map histograms and diagrams provide statistical distributions of the shape of the gray-tone image local structures, contrary to the classical histogram that provides a global distribution of image intensities. The impact of axiomatic criteria variations is analyzed through these maps, histograms and diagrams. Thus, multiscale maps are built, defining GAN-based shape functions

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

20

Kouassi, Komlan Prosper. "Adaptation des techniques actuelles de scoring aux besoins d'une institution de crédit : le CFCAL-Banque". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAB004.

Texto completo

Resumen

Les institutions financières sont, dans l’exercice de leurs fonctions, confrontées à divers risques, entre autres le risque de crédit, le risque de marché et le risque opérationnel. L’instabilité de ces facteurs fragilise ces institutions et les rend vulnérables aux risques financiers qu’elles doivent, pour leur survie, être à même d’identifier, analyser, quantifier et gérer convenablement. Parmi ces risques, celui lié au crédit est le plus redouté par les banques compte tenu de sa capacité à générer une crise systémique. La probabilité de passage d’un individu d’un état non risqué à un état risqué est ainsi au cœur de nombreuses questions économiques. Dans les institutions de crédit, cette problématique se traduit par la probabilité qu’un emprunteur passe d’un état de "bon risque" à un état de "mauvais risque". Pour cette quantification, les institutions de crédit recourent de plus en plus à des modèles de credit-scoring. Cette thèse porte sur les techniques actuelles de credit-scoring adaptées aux besoins d’une institution de crédit, le CFCAL-banque, spécialisé dans les prêts garantis par hypothèques. Nous présentons en particulier deux modèles non paramétriques (SVM et GAM) dont nous comparons les performances en termes de classification avec celles du modèle logit traditionnellement utilisé dans les banques. Nos résultats montrent que les SVM sont plus performants si l’on s’intéresse uniquement à la capacité de prévision globale. Ils exhibent toutefois des sensibilités inférieures à celles des modèles logit et GAM. En d’autres termes, ils prévoient moins bien les emprunteurs défaillants. Dans l’état actuel de nos recherches, nous préconisons les modèles GAM qui ont certes une capacité de prévision globale moindre que les SVM, mais qui donnent des sensibilités, des spécificités et des performances de prévision plus équilibrées. En mettant en lumière des modèles ciblés de scoring de crédit, en les appliquant sur des données réelles de crédits hypothécaires, et en les confrontant au travers de leurs performances de classification, cette thèse apporte une contribution empirique à la recherche relative aux modèles de credit-scoring
Financial institutions face in their functions a variety of risks such as credit, market and operational risk. These risks are not only related to the nature of the activities they perform, but also depend on predictable external factors. The instability of these factors makes them vulnerable to financial risks that they must appropriately identify, analyze, quantify and manage. Among these risks, credit risk is the most prominent due to its ability to generate a systemic crisis. The probability for an individual to switch from a risked to a riskless state is thus a central point to many economic issues. In credit institution, this problem is reflected in the probability for a borrower to switch from a state of “good risk” to a state of “bad risk”. For this quantification, banks increasingly rely on credit-scoring models. This thesis focuses on the current credit-scoring techniques tailored to the needs of a credit institution: the CFCAL-banque specialized in mortgage credits. We particularly present two nonparametric models (SVM and GAM) and compare their performance in terms of classification to those of logit model traditionally used in banks. Our results show that SVM are more effective if we only focus on the global prediction performance of the models. However, SVM models give lower sensitivities than logit and GAM models. In other words the predictions of SVM models on defaulted borrowers are not satisfactory as those of logit or GAM models. In the present state of our research, even GAM models have lower global prediction capabilities, we recommend these models that give more balanced sensitivities, specificities and performance prediction. This thesis is not completely exhaustive about the scoring techniques for credit risk management. By trying to highlight targeted credit scoring models, adapt and apply them on real mortgage data, and compare their performance through classification, this thesis provides an empirical and methodological contribution to research on scoring models for credit risk management

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

21

Yeboah, Amy Oppong. "(Re)inscribing Meaning: An Examination of the Effective Approaches, Adaptations and Improvisational Elements in Closing the Excellence Gap for Black Students". Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2013. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/224585.

Texto completo

Resumen

African American Studies
Ph.D.
From great African nations like the Ancient Kemites, Akan and Gikuyu, the world witnessed the development of the most powerful social structures, governance systems, ground breaking innovations in science and technology, and systems of thought that still exist today. Hence, in looking at the low performance levels of Black students today, the question becomes, how do the descendants of those who created writing, mathematics, and science; and then in the face of episodic disruptions laid their lives on the line to read, write, and built public schools, Sabbath schools, and Historically Black Colleges and Universities, close the excellence gap between their actual performance and deeply rooted cultural expectations? The present study reviews the essential questions and proposed solutions for closing the excellence gap that have been offered by previous generations of scholars. Africana Studies methodological framing questions were used to examine the long-view experiences of African people as well as a three tier critical ethnographic research methods approach. The study revealed that Black students gained a level of excellence in the face of disruption through: (1) Collective Training, (2) Spiritual and Moral Balance, and (3) Content Mastery. The prerequisite for sustaining educational excellence was found to be in the individual roles female and male representatives play as the primary educators of Black children. Secondly, nurturing a sense of identity through a spiritual understanding of social order and moral responsibility to the collective is also a requirement. Nevertheless, what unites and emerges as the chief element is content mastery. The ability to retain and keep content through listening and reading; and present a level of mastery on that information through speaking, writing and action to solve problems, completes the reciprocal process of educational excellence.
Temple University--Theses

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

22

Yu, Ka Man. "Party adaptation to the competitive pluralistic environment : a case study of the Democratic Alliance for the Betterment of Hong Kong /". View abstract or full-text, 2004. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?SOSC%202004%20YU.

Texto completo

Resumen

Thesis (M. Phil.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2004.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 141-148). Also available in electronic version. Access restricted to campus users.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

23

Madaule, Éric. "Schémas numériques adaptatifs pour les équations de Vlasov-Poisson". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0112/document.

Texto completo

Resumen

Le système d'équations de Vlasov-Poisson est un système très connu de la physique des plasmas et un enjeu majeur des futures simulations. Le but est de développer des schémas numériques utilisant une discrétisation par la méthode Galerkin discontinue combinée avec une résolution en temps semi-Lagrangienne et un maillage adaptatif basé sur l'utilisation des multi-ondelettes. La formulation Galerkin discontinue autorise des schémas d'ordres élevés avec des données locales. Cette formulation a fait l'objet de nombreuses publications, tant dans le cadre eulérien par Ayuso de Dios et al., Rossmanith et Seal, etc. que dans le cadre semi-lagrangien par Quo, Nair et Qiu, Qiu et Shu et Bokanowski et Simarta, etc. On utilise les multi-ondelettes pour l'adaptativité (et plus précisément pour la décomposition multi-échelle de la fonction de distribution). Les multi-ondelettes ont été largement étudiées par Alpert et al. pendant les années 1990 et au début des années 2000. Des travaux combinant la résolution multi-échelle avec les méthodes Galerkin discontinues ont fait l'objet de publications par Müller et al. en 2014 pour les lois de conservation hyperboliques dans le contexte des éléments finis. Besse, Latu, Ghizzo, Sonnendrücker et Bertrand ont présenté les avantages d'un maillage adaptatif dans le contexte de Vlasov-Poisson relativiste en utilisant des ondelettes à support large. La combinaison de la méthode Galerkin discontinue avec l'utilisation des multi-ondelettes ne requière en revanche qu'un support compact. Bien que la majorité de la thèse soit présentée dans un espace des phases 1d × 1v, nous avons obtenus quelques résultats dans l'espace des phases 2d × 2v
Many numerical experiments are performed on the Vlasov-Poisson problem since it is a well known system from plasma physics and a major issue for future simulation of large scale plasmas. Our goal is to develop adaptive numerical schemes using discontinuous Galerkin discretisation combined with semi-Lagrangian description whose mesh refinement based on multi-wavelets. The discontinuous Galerkin formulation enables high-order accuracy with local data for computation. It has recently been widely studied by Ayuso de Dioset al., Rossmanith et Seal, etc. in an Eularian framework, while Guo, Nair and Qiu or Qiu and Shu or Bokanowski and Simarta performed semi-Lagrangian time resolution. We use multi-wavelets framework for the adaptive part. Those have been heavily studied by Alpert et al. during the nineties and the two thousands. Some works merging multi-scale resolution and discontinuous Galerkin methods have been described by Müller and his colleagues in 2014 for non-linear hyperbolic conservation laws in the finite volume framework. In the framework of relativistic Vlasov equation, Besse, Latu, Ghizzo, Sonnendrücker and Bertrand presented the advantage of using adaptive meshes. While they used wavelet decomposition, which requires large data stencil, multi-wavelet decomposition coupled to discontinuous Galerkin discretisation only requires local stencil. This favours the parallelisation but, at the moment, semi-Lagrangian remains an obstacle to highly efficient distributed memory parallelisation. Although most of our work is done in a 1d × 1v phase space, we were able to obtain a few results in a 2d × 2v phase space

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

24

Sambemana, Herizo. "Adaptation d'un nez électronique pour le contrôle de la concentration et de l'humidité d'une atmosphère chargée en huile essentielle destinée à un effet thérapeutique médical". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0054/document.

Texto completo

Resumen

De nombreuses études récentes, basées sur des indicateurs physiologiques ou psychologiques, mettent en évidence les pouvoirs stimulants ou apaisants des odeurs sur des personnes souffrant de déficiences neurosensorielles. Or l'évaluation quantitative (rigoureuse, scientifique) des effets d'une stimulation olfactive à base d'huiles essentielles, nécessite de pouvoir contrôler de manière exacte et automatique la quantité de substances actives présentes dans l'air inhalé par le patient. Ce travail concerne la conception et la réalisation d'un système « diffuseur/détecteur » de gaz capable de générer des doses contrôlées d'huile essentielle dans l'atmosphère conditionnée d'une salle d'expérimentation. La diffusion est basée sur le contrôle de l'air bullant dans l'huile essentielle liquide (pin, lavande, orange douce), dont l'analyse physico-chimique et sensorielle nous a aidés à choisir leur domaine de concentrations. La détection des substances volatilisées est obtenue à l'aide d'un réseau de capteurs à oxydes métalliques commerciaux. L'analyse de signaux de réponse des capteurs aux différentes concentrations de l'huile de pin, après un filtrage numérique adéquat, a révélé une bonne sensibilité croisée des capteurs tant au niveau de la réponse temporelle qu'au niveau de sa courbe dérivée. Ainsi, nous avons pu extraire plusieurs paramètres représentatifs des réponses, habituellement utilisés dans la littérature, et surtout de nouveaux paramètres, caractéristiques de la phase dynamique, pour former la base d'apprentissage. L'analyse à l'aide de méthodes de classification (non supervisée puis supervisée) nous a permis de mettre en évidence la meilleure combinaison de paramètres pour une identification rapide et fiable de concentrations voisines. L'application aux deux autres huiles essentielle a été concluante, nous pouvons envisager de réaliser un prototype pour les essais de validation thérapeutique
Recent clinical studies have demonstrated the stimulating or relaxing effects of odorous stimulation on subjects suffering from neuro-sensoriel deficiencies. These studies concern generally the variation measurement of physiological parameters or psychological indicators in relation with odorous stimuli. To evaluate quantitatively the odorous effects of natural oil stimulations on the subject behavior or his cognitive performance, it is necessary to control automatically and accurately the quantity of the active substances present in the air inhaled by the patient. The aim of this work is to conceive a gas ?diffuser/detector? system to generate fixed concentration of an essential oil in an experimental chamber atmosphere. Diffusion unit is based on the control of the air flow arte bubbling through the liquid oil (pin, lavender, orange), and the range of the employed concentration range is determined after physic-chemical and sensorial analysis. The detection of volatilized substances is obtained using a matrix of commercial metal oxide gas sensors. The study of the sensor responses to different pin oil concentrations showed, after an adequate digital filtering, a good cross sensitivity of the sensors. So, we have extracted from each sensor response, several characteristic parameters, firstly classical ones, and then new ones representing the dynamic phase of the signal response, to create the learning data base. The analysis of these data using pattern recognition methods (non-supervised and then supervised) permitted us to highlight a set of parameters for a reliable and rapid identification of closed diffused oil concentrations. The application of the system with the two other oils was decisive: we can now carry out the realization of a prototype for the therapeutic tests

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

25

Sundelin, Jennifer. "Abandonment, jealousy and self-invention: : an exploration of the adaptation process in Jeanette Winterson’s The Gap of Time". Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för språk, litteratur och interkultur (from 2013), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-78388.

Texto completo

Resumen

This essay explores the adaptation process in The Gap of Time by Jeanette Winterson, a novel basedonTheWinter’sTalebyWilliamShakespeare.Itisadiscussionandanalysisofthe novel; put in contrast to the play, and an exploration of the different emerging elements and themes in The Gap of Time. The most prevalent themes in the novel are abandonment, the power of jealousy, and alienation leading to self-invention. By exploring the novel in light of adaptation theories this essay will illustrate how Winterson exposes these themes. A comparative reading of the play and the novel makes it possible to discover various points in the plot where the adaptation process contributes to a different perspective on some of the characters in the story. In addition, the author has a personal connection to abandonment and loss due to being adopted as a child. This may also influence the narrative in the novel. Whilst jealousy is primarily focused upon in the play, the novel uses abandonment as its driving force instead, which is what this essay is focusing on. This in turn leads to self-invention as a tool to cope with loss, as expressed in the novel. Arguably there are other perspectives arising from the major themes, such as alienation and to some extent faith, which is also mentioned in this essay. In conclusion, the divergence between the novel and the play is fundamentally seen in character development.
Denna uppsats har för avsikt att utforska adaptionsprocessen i “The Gap of Time” av Jeanette Winterson som är en adaption av “The Winter’s Tale” av William Shakespeare. Det är en diskussion och analys av romanen, i jämförelse med pjäsen, samt ett utforskande av tematiska inslag i “The Gap of Time”. De mest allmänt förekommande inslagen är exempelvis övergivenhet, hur svartsjuka påverkar oss, samt främlingskap och självuppfyllande. Genom att utforska romanen i ljuset av olika adaptionsteorier så har uppsatsen som syfte att genomlysa hur Winterson fångar dessa olika tematiska inslag i sitt narrativ. En komparativ läsning av romanen och pjäsen gör det möjligt att upptäcka olika vändpunkter i berättandet som gör att läsaren får ett annat perspektiv på de olika karaktärerna. Det skall tilläggas att författaren har en personlig referens till övergivenhet eftersom hon själv är adopterad. Detta kan ha påverkat berättandet i romanen. Det drivande tematiska inslaget i pjäsen är svartsjuka, men i romanen är övergivenhet det som står i centrum, vilket denna uppsats främst handlar om. Detta i sin tur leder till självuppfyllande som ett verktyg för att hantera en förlust eller övergivenhet, vilket framgår i romanen. Min tes är att det också växer fram andra perspektiv ur de tematiska inslagen, så som främlingskap och religiös övertygelse, vilket också nämns i denna uppsats. Slutsatsen är att den grundläggande avvikelsen mellan romanen och pjäsen främst ses i förändringsprocessen hos de olika karaktärerna i berättelsen.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

26

Antoinette, Patrice Luc. "Techniques de robustesse et d'auto-séquencement pour la commande auto-adaptative des aéronefs". Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ESAE0018/document.

Texto completo

Resumen

Pour synthétiser un correcteur robuste pour un système linéaire incertain, il existe de nombreuses méthodes linéaires. Cependant, bien souvent, le gain en robustesse se fait au détriment de la performance. Aussi, dans cette thèse, on s'intéresse à la situation où la plage des valeurs possibles des paramètres est "très grande" par rapport à la "faible" variation du niveau de performance souhaité. Dans cette situation, il peut alors s'avérer intéressant d'utiliser des correcteurs séquencés. Seulement, la mise en place de cette solution nécessite que le correcteur ait à sa disposition les paramètres sur lesquels il sera séquencé. Et il peut arriver que l'on ne souhaite pas (à cause de considérations de réalisation pratique), ou que l'on ne puisse pas disposer de la mesure de ces paramètres. On est alors amené à estimer ces paramètres et donc à utiliser le paradigme de la commande adaptative. Dans cette thèse, on cherche à proposer une méthodologie de synthèse d'un correcteur auto-adaptatif afin de résoudre un problème de commande robuste d'un procédé linéaire incertain. Après une étude théorique ayant pour objectif de proposer une telle méthodologie, le cas d'un avion instable est traité à titre d'application, permettant ainsi de mettre en évidence le bénéfice que la stratégie proposée peut apporter à la commande d'un système incertain
Many linear methods exist to design a robust controller for an uncertain linear system. This thesis considered the situation where the range of possible values of parameters is "very large" in relation to "small" variations in the desired level of performance. Frequently, an increase in robustness is obtained at the expense of a performance loss. The use of scheduled controllers may be an innovative way to address this problem. The implementation of this solution requires the controller has at its disposal the parameters on which the scheduling is done. However, it may occur that making the measure of the parameters available is not desired (for example, because of practical implementation aspects) or not possible. In these situations, the designer of the controller is led to estimate these parameters and then to use the paradigm of adaptive control. This thesis explored a methodology for designing an adaptive controller in which to solve the problem of robust control for an uncertain linear plant. A theoretical study was first undertaken which aimed to propose such a methodology; followed by, a study of the case of an unstable airplane as an application. Such an analysis highlighted the benefits that the proposed strategy can bring to the control for an uncertain plant

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

27

Jonathan, Norris Allen. "Transitioning Central Appalachia: Understanding Framework Conditions Supporting the Adaptation to New Energy Economies". Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1524242893014265.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

28

Ondet, Jérôme. "Adaptation d'une torche à plasma à couplage inductif à la détection de polluants dans les effluents des centrales thermiques". Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998CLF2A002.

Texto completo

Resumen

Ce travail traite de la détection en temps réel des polluants issus des centrales thermiques. La méthode de mesure est la spectrométrie d'émission optique couplée à un générateur à plasma de type inductif. La combustion du charbon se déroule dans un réacteur de laboratoire pouvant fonctionner en combustion classique ou en combustion dite en "lit fluidisé non circulant". Une chaîne de mesure expérimentale, permettant d'une part de contrôler les paramètres de la combustion de charbon, et d'autre part, de détecter les effluents hétérogènes dégagés lors de cette combustion, a été conçue et fabriquée au labo. Pour cela, cet ensemble de mesure est doté de différents capteurs permettant le contrôle des températures, la quantification des phénomènes d'inflammation du charbon, et la régulation des débits de gaz et de charbon injectés. Les résultats obtenus ont permis : la caractérisation des phénomènes de fluidisation, la caractérisation des processus d'inflammation du charbon, la mise au point d'un nouveau générateur plasma ICP, la détection en temps réel des métaux lourds contenus dans le charbon, une approche prometteuse dans la détection des espèces organiques. Par ailleurs, l'utilisation du code de calcul permettant d'accéder à la composition d'un milieu hautes températures à l'équilibre thermique a permis une évaluation précise du degré d'équilibre thermique du plasma. Il simplifie aussi la détection des espèces organiques au sein du plasma. Enfin, ce dispositif est étudié pour s'adapter à d'autres types de combustibles dans le futur

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

29

Sabapathy, Surendran y n/a. "Acute and Chronic Adaptations To Intermittent and Continuous Exercise in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients". Griffith University. School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, 2006. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20070115.170236.

Texto completo

Resumen

The primary aim of this thesis was to develop a better understanding of the physiology and perceptual responses associated with the performance of continuous (CE) and intermittent exercise (IE) in patients with moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). A secondary aim was to examine factors that could potentially limit exercise tolerance in COPD patients, particularly in relation to the dynamics of the cardiovascular system and muscle metabolism. The results of the four studies conducted to achieve these aims are presented in this thesis. In Study 1, the physiological, metabolic and perceptual responses to an acute bout of IE and CE were examined in 10 individuals with moderate COPD. Each subject completed an incremental exercise test to exhaustion on a cycle ergometer. Subjects then performed IE (1 min exercise: 1 min rest ratio) and CE tests at 70% of peak power in random order on separate days. Gas exchange, heart rate, plasma lactate concentration, ratings of breathlessness, inspiratory capacity and the total amount of work completed were measured during each exercise test. Subjects were able to complete a significantly greater amount of work during IE (71 ± 32 kJ) compared with CE (31 ± 24 kJ). Intermittent exercise was associated with significantly lower values for oxygen uptake, expired ventilation and plasma lactate concentration when compared with CE. Subjects also reported a significantly lower rating of breathlessness during IE compared to CE. The degree of dynamic lung hyperinflation (change in end-expiratory lung volume) was lower during IE (0.23 ± 0.07 L) than during CE (0.52 ± 0.13 L). The results suggest that IE may be superior to CE as a mode of training for patients with COPD. The greater amount of total work performed and the lower measured physiological responses attained with intermittent exercise could potentially allow greater training adaptations to be achieved in individuals with more limited lung function. The purpose of Study 2 was to compare the adaptations to 8 wk of supervised intermittent and continuous cycle ergometry training, performed at the same relative intensity and matched for total work completed, in patients with COPD. Nineteen subjects with moderate COPD were stratified according to age, gender, and pulmonary function, and then randomly assigned to either an IE (1 min exercise: 1 min rest ratio) or CE training group. Subjects trained 3 d per week for 8 wk and completed 30 min of exercise. Initial training intensity, i.e., the power output applied during the CE bouts and during the exercise interval of the IE bouts, was determined as 50% of the peak power output achieved during incremental exercise and was increased by 5% each week after 2 wk of training. The total amount of work performed was not significantly different (P=0.74) between the CE (750 ± 90 kJ) and IE (707 ± 92 kJ) groups. The subjects who performed IE (N=9) experienced significantly lower levels of perceived breathlessness and lower limb fatigue during the exercise-training bouts than the group who performed CE (N=10). However, exercise capacity (peak oxygen uptake) and exercise tolerance (peak power output and 6-min walk distance) improved to a similar extent in both training groups. During submaximal constant-load exercise, the improved (faster) phase II oxygen uptake kinetic response with training was independent of exercise mode. Furthermore, training-induced reductions in submaximal exercise heart rate, carbon dioxide output, expired ventilation and blood lactate concentrations were not different between the two training modes. Exercise training also resulted in an equivalent reduction for both training modes in the degree of dynamic hyperinflation observed during incremental exercise. Thus, when total work performed and relative intensity were the same for both training modes, 8 wk of CE or IE training resulted in similar functional improvements and physiological adaptations in patients with moderate COPD. Study 3 examined the relationship between exercise capacity (peak oxygen uptake) and lower limb vasodilatory capacity in 9 patients with moderate COPD and 9 healthy age-matched control subjects. While peak oxygen uptake was significantly lower in the COPD patients (15.8 ± 3.5 mL·min-1·kg-1) compared to the control subjects (25.2 ± 3.5 mL·kg-1·min-1), there were no significant differences between groups in peak calf blood flow or peak calf conductance measured 7 s post-ischemia. Peak oxygen uptake was significantly correlated with peak calf blood flow and peak conductance in the control group, whereas there was no significant relationship found between these variables in the COPD group. However, the rate of decay in blood flow following ischemia was significantly slower (p less than 0.05) for the COPD group (-0.036 ± 0.005 mL·100 mL-1·min-1·s-1) when compared to the control group (-0.048 ± 0.015 mL·100 mL-1·min-1·s-1). The results of this study suggest that the lower peak exercise capacity in patients with moderate COPD is not related to a loss in leg vasodilatory capacity. Study 4 examined the dynamics of oxygen uptake kinetics during high-intensity constant-load cycling performed at 70% of the peak power attained during an incremental exercise test in 7 patients with moderate COPD and 7 healthy age-matched controls. The time constant of the primary component (phase II) of oxygen uptake was significantly slower in the COPD patients (82 ± 8 s) when compared to healthy control subjects (44 ± 4 s). Moreover, the oxygen cost per unit increment in power output for the primary component and the overall response were significantly higher in patients with COPD than in healthy control subjects. A slow component was observed in 5 of the 7 patients with COPD (49 ± 11 mL·min-1), whereas all of the control subjects demonstrated a slow component of oxygen uptake (213 ± 35 mL·min-1). The slow component comprised a significantly greater proportion of the total oxygen uptake response in the healthy control group (18 ± 2%) than in the COPD group (10 ± 2%). In the COPD patients, the slow component amplitude was significantly correlated with the decrease in inspiratory capacity (r = -0.88, P less than 0.05; N=5), indicating that the magnitude of the slow component was larger in individuals who experienced a greater degree of dynamic hyperinflation. This study demonstrated that most patients with moderate COPD are able to exercise at intensities high enough to elicit a slow component of oxygen uptake during constant-load exercise. The significant correlation observed between the slow component amplitude and the degree of dynamic hyperinflation suggests that the work of breathing may contribute to the slow component in patients with COPD.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

30

Sabapathy, Surendran. "Acute and Chronic Adaptations To Intermittent and Continuous Exercise in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients". Thesis, Griffith University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366117.

Texto completo

Resumen

The primary aim of this thesis was to develop a better understanding of the physiology and perceptual responses associated with the performance of continuous (CE) and intermittent exercise (IE) in patients with moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). A secondary aim was to examine factors that could potentially limit exercise tolerance in COPD patients, particularly in relation to the dynamics of the cardiovascular system and muscle metabolism. The results of the four studies conducted to achieve these aims are presented in this thesis. In Study 1, the physiological, metabolic and perceptual responses to an acute bout of IE and CE were examined in 10 individuals with moderate COPD. Each subject completed an incremental exercise test to exhaustion on a cycle ergometer. Subjects then performed IE (1 min exercise: 1 min rest ratio) and CE tests at 70% of peak power in random order on separate days. Gas exchange, heart rate, plasma lactate concentration, ratings of breathlessness, inspiratory capacity and the total amount of work completed were measured during each exercise test. Subjects were able to complete a significantly greater amount of work during IE (71 ± 32 kJ) compared with CE (31 ± 24 kJ). Intermittent exercise was associated with significantly lower values for oxygen uptake, expired ventilation and plasma lactate concentration when compared with CE. Subjects also reported a significantly lower rating of breathlessness during IE compared to CE. The degree of dynamic lung hyperinflation (change in end-expiratory lung volume) was lower during IE (0.23 ± 0.07 L) than during CE (0.52 ± 0.13 L). The results suggest that IE may be superior to CE as a mode of training for patients with COPD. The greater amount of total work performed and the lower measured physiological responses attained with intermittent exercise could potentially allow greater training adaptations to be achieved in individuals with more limited lung function. The purpose of Study 2 was to compare the adaptations to 8 wk of supervised intermittent and continuous cycle ergometry training, performed at the same relative intensity and matched for total work completed, in patients with COPD. Nineteen subjects with moderate COPD were stratified according to age, gender, and pulmonary function, and then randomly assigned to either an IE (1 min exercise: 1 min rest ratio) or CE training group. Subjects trained 3 d per week for 8 wk and completed 30 min of exercise. Initial training intensity, i.e., the power output applied during the CE bouts and during the exercise interval of the IE bouts, was determined as 50% of the peak power output achieved during incremental exercise and was increased by 5% each week after 2 wk of training. The total amount of work performed was not significantly different (P=0.74) between the CE (750 ± 90 kJ) and IE (707 ± 92 kJ) groups. The subjects who performed IE (N=9) experienced significantly lower levels of perceived breathlessness and lower limb fatigue during the exercise-training bouts than the group who performed CE (N=10). However, exercise capacity (peak oxygen uptake) and exercise tolerance (peak power output and 6-min walk distance) improved to a similar extent in both training groups. During submaximal constant-load exercise, the improved (faster) phase II oxygen uptake kinetic response with training was independent of exercise mode. Furthermore, training-induced reductions in submaximal exercise heart rate, carbon dioxide output, expired ventilation and blood lactate concentrations were not different between the two training modes. Exercise training also resulted in an equivalent reduction for both training modes in the degree of dynamic hyperinflation observed during incremental exercise. Thus, when total work performed and relative intensity were the same for both training modes, 8 wk of CE or IE training resulted in similar functional improvements and physiological adaptations in patients with moderate COPD. Study 3 examined the relationship between exercise capacity (peak oxygen uptake) and lower limb vasodilatory capacity in 9 patients with moderate COPD and 9 healthy age-matched control subjects. While peak oxygen uptake was significantly lower in the COPD patients (15.8 ± 3.5 mL·min-1·kg-1) compared to the control subjects (25.2 ± 3.5 mL·kg-1·min-1), there were no significant differences between groups in peak calf blood flow or peak calf conductance measured 7 s post-ischemia. Peak oxygen uptake was significantly correlated with peak calf blood flow and peak conductance in the control group, whereas there was no significant relationship found between these variables in the COPD group. However, the rate of decay in blood flow following ischemia was significantly slower (p less than 0.05) for the COPD group (-0.036 ± 0.005 mL·100 mL-1·min-1·s-1) when compared to the control group (-0.048 ± 0.015 mL·100 mL-1·min-1·s-1). The results of this study suggest that the lower peak exercise capacity in patients with moderate COPD is not related to a loss in leg vasodilatory capacity. Study 4 examined the dynamics of oxygen uptake kinetics during high-intensity constant-load cycling performed at 70% of the peak power attained during an incremental exercise test in 7 patients with moderate COPD and 7 healthy age-matched controls. The time constant of the primary component (phase II) of oxygen uptake was significantly slower in the COPD patients (82 ± 8 s) when compared to healthy control subjects (44 ± 4 s). Moreover, the oxygen cost per unit increment in power output for the primary component and the overall response were significantly higher in patients with COPD than in healthy control subjects. A slow component was observed in 5 of the 7 patients with COPD (49 ± 11 mL·min-1), whereas all of the control subjects demonstrated a slow component of oxygen uptake (213 ± 35 mL·min-1). The slow component comprised a significantly greater proportion of the total oxygen uptake response in the healthy control group (18 ± 2%) than in the COPD group (10 ± 2%). In the COPD patients, the slow component amplitude was significantly correlated with the decrease in inspiratory capacity (r = -0.88, P less than 0.05; N=5), indicating that the magnitude of the slow component was larger in individuals who experienced a greater degree of dynamic hyperinflation. This study demonstrated that most patients with moderate COPD are able to exercise at intensities high enough to elicit a slow component of oxygen uptake during constant-load exercise. The significant correlation observed between the slow component amplitude and the degree of dynamic hyperinflation suggests that the work of breathing may contribute to the slow component in patients with COPD.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science
Full Text

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

31

Dib, Abdou. "Observation et Commande de la Machine Asynchrone". Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01064016.

Texto completo

Resumen

Le travail de recherche effectu'e dans cette thèse a été principalement consacré aux problèmes d'observation et de commande des moteurs asynchrones sans capteurs mécaniques. Deux contributions principale ont été faites en exploitant judicieusement le concept de grand gain. La première contribution est un observateur du type grand gain qui permet de réaliser une estimation relativement pr'ecise des variables d'état mécaniques et magnétiques des moteurs asynchrones à partir des mesures disponibles des courants et tensions statoriques. Le gain d'observation a été judicieusement modifié pour des considérations de faisabilité des calculs lorsque le moteur est amené à fonctionner dans des conditions incompatibles avec sa condition d'observabilité. Cet observateur a été particulièrement utilisé pour concevoir un asservissement des moteurs asynchrones sans capteur mécaniques à partir d'un système de commande avec retour d'état du type grand gain. La seconde contribution est une synthèse d'observateurs adaptatifs du type grand gain qui permettent d'estimer conjointement les variables d'état et un ensemble de combinaisons des paramètres d'un moteur asynchrone à partir des mesures des courants et tentions statoriques avec et sans mesure de la vitesse mécanique. Un observateur adaptatif a été particulièrement combiné avec un système de commande avec retour d'état du type grand gain pour concevoir un système de commande adaptative permettant de préserver les performances requises en asservissement des moteurs asynchrones sans capteurs magnétiques en dépit d'une méconnaissance de leurs paramètres.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

32

Hales, Kimberly. "Neuronal and Molecular Adaptations of GABA Neurons in the Ventral Tegmental Area to Chronic Alcohol". Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2007. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd2182.pdf.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

33

Gratadour, Damien. "Optique adaptative, traitement d'image et étude des noyaux actifs de galaxie". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011382.

Texto completo

Resumen

À travers mon travail de thèse sur les noyaux actifs de galaxie, dans le proche IR, avec un grand télescope (8-10m) muni d'une optique adaptative, j'ai été amené à faire intervenir des disciplines d'horizons très différents.

Plus précisément, il s'agissait d'obtenir des données sur des noyaux actifs de galaxie avec NaCo, de créer et/ou d'adapter de nouvelles techniques de traitement pour les observations avec une optique adaptative, pour enfin interpréter les données ainsi traitées, notamment en les comparant à des modèles numériques. L'acquisition de cette double compétence a été particulièrement favorisée par le statut de ma thèse qui avait pour cadre une collaboration entre l'ONERA et le LESIA.

Le problème astrophysique auquel je me suis attaqué est celui de la structuration de l'environnement immédiat des Noyaux Actifs de Galaxie (NAGs) et en particulier du test de l'hypothèse d'un tore de gaz moléculaire et de poussières ainsi que de son interaction avec un jet issu du NAG. Les échelles de ces structures (dizaine de pc) impliquent une résolution angulaire très élevée et la variété des phénomènes en jeu induit des morphologies parfois complexes qu'il est impératif de distinguer d'artefacts instrumentaux subtils.
Trois techniques de renforcement de la résolution angulaire et du contraste ont été développées ou améliorées dans ce travail :
- Le recentrage d'image sub-pixelique, grâce à un algorithme de type
maximum de vraisemblance
- La déconvolution d'image sous contraintes
- La reconstruction de la fonction d'étalement de point de l'instrument
avec les données d'analyse de front d'onde

Dans chaque cas, la méthode a été appliquée à des données réelles et a permis effectivement un gain important sur la finesse angulaire et donc, au final, sur le retour astrophysique, avec plusieurs résultats originaux en particulier concernant NGC1068 le plus étudié des noyaux de Seyfert de type 2 :
- Dans le cas d'Arp 220, prototype des noyaux de galaxie ultra-lumineuses, deux composantes nucléaires ont pu être clairement identifiées, pour la première fois à 3.8µm dans la partie Est du coeur d'Arp 220, permettant d'établir un lien direct entre le proche et le moyen IR. De plus, un double bras d'émission, probablement la zone d'interaction des deux galaxies en fusion, est clairement mis en évidence, entre la source Ouest et les deux sources Est du coeur.
- Dans le cas de NGC 1068, de nouvelles structures à la morphologie très particulière (vagues quasi-périodiques), encadrant le jet radio, ont été mises en évidence en bande L' et M d'une part et en bande Ks d'autre part grâce aux premières observations coronographiques jamais réalisées dans le domaine extragalactique. Ces structures dont la formation n'est pas encore expliquée, témoignent d'une interaction forte du jet avec la Narrow Line Region. Une étude photométrique précise dans ces 3 bandes m'a aussi permis de conclure que la poussière dans ces structures était majoritairement composée de nano-grains, peut-être des nano-diamants. En plus d'avoir montré que le cœur était résolu, des observations spectroscopiques de la source la plus centrale m'ont enfin permis d'apporter un certain nombre d'éléments en faveur du modèle unifié des NAG, notamment la présence d'une cavité de sublimation des grains et la présence de gaz moléculaire non dissocié à petite distance du NAG. Le modèle de transfert radiatif dans le tore, développé dans le cadre de ma thèse, a permis de montrer la cohérence de l'ensemble des données.
- Dans le cas de NGC 7469, une structure micro-spirale a été mise en évidence grâce à la déconvolution dans les 2" centrales de cette galaxie de Seyfert de type I. De plus des observations spectroscopiques montrent des raies en émissions de l'hydrogène moléculaire sur la ligne de visée de la source la plus centrale, argument fort en faveur du modèle unifié des NAG.
- J'ai également contribué à la réduction de données des mesures faites sur le trou noir supermassif du Centre Galactique de 3 à 5 µm qui ont montré la fréquence importante des flares et leur localisation dans un volume de quelques rayons de Schwarzschild.

Un certain nombre d'autres observations ont été réalisées durant cette thèse et sont en cours d'exploitation : on citera notamment les premières observations polarimétriques à haute résolution du jet de M87 dans l'IR proche.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

34

Fondom, Nicolas Yebit. "PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL ADAPTATIONS IN SOME CAM SPECIES UNDER NATURAL CONDITIONS: THE IMPORTANCE OF LEAF ANATOMY". Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1260552594.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

35

Maatoug, Tarak. "Synthèse d'observateurs adaptatifs pour les systèmes non linéaires". Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01058802.

Texto completo

Resumen

Dans cette thèse, nous proposons la synthèse d'observateurs adaptatifs pour certaines classes de systèmes non linéaires multi-sorties uniformément observables. Dans un premier temps, les systèmes avec une paramétrisation linéaire sont considérés. Ensuite, les résultats obtenus ont été étendus au cas de paramétrisation non linéaire. La caractéristique principale des observateurs proposés réside dans le fait que leur gain fait intervenir une fonction de synthèse dont le choix permet d'obtenir différents types d'observateurs tels que des observateurs de type grand gain classiques ou à modes glissants. De plus, le réglage de ce gain se fait à travers le choix d'un seul paramètre scalaire. La convergence exponentielle des observateurs proposés a été établie sous une certaine condition d'excitation persistante qui a été donnée. Dans la dernière partie de la thèse, nous proposons un schéma de commande adaptative avec retour de sortie pour une classe de systèmes non linéaires commandables et uniformément observables. Les performances des observateurs proposés sont illustrées en simulation à travers des exemples académiques et des exemples réels d'application relatifs à un moteur asynchrone, un bioréacteur et un moteur à fuel.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

36

Means, Michael M. "Adaptive Acts: Queer Voices and Radical Adaptation in Multi-Ethnic American Literary and Visual Culture". VCU Scholars Compass, 2019. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5773.

Texto completo

Resumen

Adaptation Studies suffers from a deficiency in the study of black, brown, yellow, and red adaptive texts, adaptive actors, and their practices. Adaptive Acts intervenes in this Eurocentric discourse as a study of adaptation with a (queer) POC perspective. My dissertation reveals that artists of color (re)create texts via dynamic modes of adaptation such as hyper-literary allusion, the use of meta-narratives as framing devices, and on-site collaborative re-writes that speak to/from specific cultural discourses that Eurocentric models alone cannot account for. I examine multi-ethnic American adaptations to delineate the role of adaptation in the continuance of stories that contest dominant culture from marginalized perspectives. And I offer deep adaptive readings of multi-ethnic adaptations in order to answer questions such as: what happens when adaptations are created to remember, to heal, and to disrupt? How does adaptation, as a centuries-old mode of cultural production, bring to the center the voices of the doubly marginalized, particularly queers of color? The texts I examine as “adaptive acts” are radical, queer, push the boundaries of adaptation, and have not, up to this point, been given the adaptive attention I believe they merit. David Henry Hwang’s 1988 Tony award-winning play, M. Butterfly, is an adaptive critique of the textual history of Butterfly and questions the assumptions of the Orientalism that underpins the story, which causes his play to intersect with Pierre Loti’s 1887 novella, Madame Chrysanthéme, at a point of imperial queerness. Rodney Evans, whose 2004 film, Brother to Brother, is the first full-length film to tell the story of the black queer roots at the genesis of the Harlem Renaissance, uses adaptation as a story(re)telling mode that focalizes the “gay rebel of the Harlem Renaissance,” Richard Bruce Nugent (1906-1987), to Signify on issues of canonization, gate-keeping, mythologizing, and intracultural marginalization. My discussion of Sherman Alexie’s debut film, The Business of Fancydancing, is informed by my own work as an adaptive actor and showcases the power of adaptation in the activation of Native continuance as an inclusive adaptive practice that offers an opportunity for women and queers of color to amend the Spokane/Coeur d'Alene writer-director’s creative authority. Adaptive acts are not only documents, but they document movements, decisions, and sociocultural action. Adaptation Studies must take seriously the power and possibilities of “adaptive acts” and “adaptive actors” from the margins if the field is to expand—adapt—in response to this diversity of adaptive potential.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

37

Costa, Edson Bruno Marques. "Controle pid fuzzy adaptativo com estabilidade robusta por enxame de partículas multiobjetivo". Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2016. http://tedebc.ufma.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/303.

Texto completo

Resumen

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-17T14:52:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao-EdsonBrunoMarquesCosta.pdf: 6213037 bytes, checksum: a95446ec89758c52cc2add52c4965e82 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-22
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
An adaptive fuzzy digital PID controller design methodology via multiobjective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) based on robust stability criterion, is proposed. The plant to be controlled is modelled considering a Takagi-Sugeno (TS) fuzzy structure from input-output experimental data, by using the fuzzy C-Means clustering algorithm (antecedent parameters estimation) and fuzzy recursive least squares algorithm (consequent parameters estimation), respectively. An adaptation mechanism was formulated as a MOPSO problem for online tuning of the fuzzy digital PID controller parameters based on the fuzzy model parameters obtained recursively and the gain and phase margins specifications. Computational results for adaptive fuzzy digital PID control of a thermal plant with time varying delay is presented to illustrate the efficiency and applicability of the proposed methodology.
Nesta dissertação é proposta uma metodologia para controle PID fuzzy adaptativo com estabilidade robusta por enxame de partículas multiobjetivo, para sistemas dinâmicos não-lineares, com atraso puro de tempo. Uma estrutura de modelo fuzzy Takagi-Sugeno é definida para representação de sistemas dinâmicos não-lineares, com atraso puro de tempo, no domínio do tempo discreto. Os parâmetros do modelo fuzzy são estimados recursivamente a partir de dados experimentais, utilizando a técnica de agrupamento fuzzy C-Means (estimação do antecedente) e mínimos quadrados recursivos fuzzy (estimação do consequente). Uma estrutura de controle PID digital fuzzy Takagi-Sugeno é definida utilizando a estratégia de compensação paralela e distribuída. Um mecanismo de adaptação é formulado como um problema de otimização por enxame de partículas multiobjetivo, para ajuste online dos parâmetros do controlador fuzzy Takagi-Sugeno baseado em critério de estabilidade robusta (especificações de margem de ganho e fase). Resultados experimentais para controle PID fuzzy adaptativo baseado em critério de estabilidade robusta de um sistema térmico com atraso puro de tempo variante é apresentado para ilustrar a eficiência e aplicabilidade da metodologia proposta.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

38

Seigneur, Frédéric. "Adaptation des méthodes de caractérisation électrique au cas des structures M. O. S. à oxyde très mince : application à l’étude des dégradations sur les capacités à oxyde de grille nitrure". Lyon, INSA, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ISAL0108.

Texto completo

Resumen

Nous abordons ce travail par une présentation des problèmes technologiques actuels relatifs aux dissymétries de fonctionnement de certains circuits C. M. O. S. . Les solutions correspondantes nous ont conduit à introduire des notions de base sur les oxydes minces et sur la nitruration. Après avoir fait un rappel sur les défauts à l'interface Si / Si02, nous présentons sur le plan théorique les principales techniques de dégradation (injection de porteurs, irradiation) ainsi que les défauts consécutifs créés dans l'oxyde et à l'interface Si 1 Si02. La seconde partie est consacrée au développement expérimental d'un ensemble de techniques de caractérisation sur des structures M. O. S. à oxyde mince. Nous décrivons le banc de mesure et mentionnons les difficultés pratiques rencontrées et surmontées. Nous présentons ensuite les principales techniques capacitives qui permettent de déterminer les paramètres de base des structures M. O. S. (C0x, N, Vfb, etc. . . ). Nous discutons de la fiabilité des résultats (sensibilité, précision) et nous proposons des améliorations permettant de contourner quelques difficultés de caractérisation inhérentes aux oxydes minces. Concernant les états rapides, nous avons développé des techniques de dégradation (F. N. , irradiation) et de caractérisation de la qualité de l'interface Si / Si02 (TERMAN, hf-hf et D. L. T. S. ). Nous étudions ensuite dans les structures M. O. S. Les différentes causes de l'instabilité consécutive à la présence d'états lents. Pour cela, nous avons mis en place la méthode tunnel D. L. T. S. , cependant, nous avons montré que l'utilisation d'appareils de polarisation (générateur de pulses) dans des conditions particulières peut conduire à des erreurs systématiques de mesures. Sur ce constat de non fiabilité, nous avons développé deux autres techniques toujours orientées sur l'exploitation des caractéristiques capacitives. Ces méthodes de mesure nous permettent de mettre en évidence expérimentalement les "états lents" et d'étudier quelques unes de leurs caractéristiques spectrales. Finalement, nous avons appliqué l'ensemble des techniques précédemment développées à un lot particulier d'échantillons nitrurés. Après avoir présenté leurs caractéristiques électriques générales, nous étudions et comparons la résistance de ces structures face à deux mécanismes de dégradation : injection de porteurs froids (F. N. ) et irradiation au Co60
[We approach this work by a presentation of current technological problems relative to functioning dissymmetries of some C. M. O. S. Devices. The solutions we propose have lead us to introduce basic information on thin oxides and nitrification. We first introduce defects at the Si / SiO2 interface, then we theoretically present the main degradation techniques (carrier injection, irradiation) and their induced defects created in the oxide bulk and at the interface. The second parts dedicated to the experimental development of a set of characterization techniques on M. O. S. Structures with thin oxide. We describe the measurement bench and the difficulties we overcame during its development. Then, we present the main capacitance measurements techniques that allow to determine the basic parameters of a M. O. S. Structure (C0x, N, V fb etc. . . ). We discuss the reliability of results (sensitivity, accuracy) and we propose improvements allowing to bypass some characterization difficulties linked to thin oxides. Concerning fast states, we have developed degradation techniques (F. N, irradiation) and characterization of the Si 1 Si02 interface quality (TERMAN, hf-bf and D. L. T. S. ). We then study in M. O. S. Structure, the reasons of the instability due to the slow states, by implementing the tunnel D. L. T. S. Method However. We have shown that the use of voltage sources (pulse generators) in specific conditions may cause systematic measurements errors. Taking this into account, we have developed two other techniques also based on the exploitation of capacitance measurements. These methods allow us to experimentally highlight the "slow states" and to study some of their spectral characteristics. Finally, we have applied the whole techniques previously de\'eloped to specific nitrated samples. After presenting their general electrical characteristics, we study and compare the resistance of these structures to two degradation mechanisms : cold carrier injection (F. N. ) and Co60 irradiation. ]

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

39

Joseph, Romain. "Diversité des réponses écophysiologiques et moléculaires pour un complexe de frênes européens (Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl et Fraxinus excelsior L. et leurs hybrides) face à la contrainte hydrique". Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AGPT0088/document.

Texto completo

Resumen

Les derniers scénarios du changement climatique, prévoient une élévation de température (Europe, +2 à +4°C en moyenne en 2099, IPCC, 2007) associée à des épisodes extrêmes, sécheresses sévères par exemple. Connaître les potentialités d'adaptation des espèces forestières s'avère crucial afin de comprendre leurs réponses et le devenir des écosystèmes forestiers, dans un futur proche. Dans ce cadre, nous nous sommes intéressés à un complexe d'espèces du genre Fraxinus, (frêne, Oléacées). En France F. excelsior L., et F. angustifolia, Vahl, sont des espèces autochtones présentant une plasticité phénotypique et écologique remarquable. L'hybridation, suspectée depuis longtemps a été prouvée en conditions contrôlées et naturelles. Les principales zones documentées sont la vallée de la Saône et de la Loire. Cette hybridation entre les deux espèces de frênes européens, pourrait favoriser l'apparition d'individus (génotypes) plus aptes que les espèces parentales à faire face à un environnement changeant. Notre objectif est de caractériser les potentialités d'adaptations de différentes populations de frêne (espèces parentales et de statut hybride) sous une contrainte abiotique (contrainte hydrique). Pour répondre à cet objectif, nous avons testé les réponses à la fois écophysiologiques et génétique de jeunes plants à une contrainte légère (-0,9 MPa). Une seconde expérimentation, centré sur l'écophysiologie a eu pour objet de mesurer la perte de conductivité hydraulique des frênes, sous une forte contrainte (-4 MPa). Le principal résultat de ces travaux est le comportement souvent intermédiaire et très variable des populations de frênes hybrides testés dans ces 2 expérimentations (A, gs, WUEi, PLC), que ce soit en conditions avec ou sans contrainte hydrique. Ce comportement intermédiaire est en lien avec le degré d'introgression respectif des hybrides de frênes (plus proche de F.excelsior ou de F.angustifolia). Ces arbres hybrides pourraient servir de ressources et d'assurance contre des évènements de dépérissement catastrophiques pour les forestiers pour un environnement climatique futur
The latest climate change scenarios predict a rise in mean temperature in Europe of 2 to 4°C for 2099 (IPCC, 2007), associated with extreme climatic events such as severe droughts. Knowing adaptation capabilities of tree species is crucial for understanding their responses and forest ecosystem fate in the near future. Our study object is a species complex inside the Fraxinus genus (ash, Oleaceae). In France, F. excelsior and F. angustifolia are autochthonous, form natural hybrid populations and show remarkable phenotypic and ecological plasticity. This could promote the emergence of new individuals (genotypes) more able to deal with fluctuating environments. Our objective is to characterise the capability of adaptation of different Fraxinus populations, representing the three statuses (F.excelsior, F.angustifolia and hybrids) under abiotic constraints (water constraint). To solve this issue, we examine in a low water constraint experiment (-0.9 MPa) ecophysiological and genetic response, using saplings. A second and more severe water constraint experiment (-4 MPa) was used to investigate ash response to the loss of hydraulic conductivity. The most noticeable result was an intermediate and highly variable behaviour of hybrid ash populations in the two experiments (A, gs, WUEi, PLC) linked with they respective introgression degree (closer to F.excelsior or F.angustifolia). This hybrid trees could be used for foresters as a resource and insurance against catastrophic forest stand decline, for a future climate

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

40

Florentin, Raphaël. "Propagation et contrôle adaptatif de la lumière amplifiée dans une fibre multimode". Thesis, Limoges, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIMO0069/document.

Texto completo

Resumen

Les fibres multimodales ont longtemps été délaissées en raison des distorsions temporelles et spatiales subies par la lumière au cours de sa propagation dans la fibre. Ces distorsions sont les conséquences des couplages modaux et de la disparité des temps de propagation des modes de fibre. Bien que complexe, la propagation dans un guide multimodal reste déterministe et peut être maitrisée par une structuration cohérente de l’excitation. La manipulation d’ondes en présence de gain dans la fibre optique, au coeur de ces travaux de thèse, constitue une problématique plus complexe encore puisque la carte de saturation des modes hétérogène rend la propagation non linéaire. Deux types d’amplificateurs multimodaux à fibre dopée ytterbium ont été étudiés : une fibre à saut d’indice à large coeur et une fibre à coeurs multiples couplés. Le contrôle spatial du faisceau transmis est obtenu en structurant le front d’onde incident à l’aide d’un miroir déformable couplé à un algorithme itératif. En régime d’excitation continue, cette technique de contrôle adaptatif, robuste et rapide a permis de focaliser le rayonnement en extrémité de fibre sur des spots uniphases, malgré les couplages modaux, l’hétérogénéité de gain modal et la saturation du gain. Il a aussi été démontré que la mise en forme du front d’onde incident ne réduisait pas le gain d’amplification. Une puissance de 2,8 W a été confinée dans un unique spot avec un gain de12 dB. Des structures intensimétriques plus complexes de type « multispots » ont également été obtenues. Enfin, la focalisation à travers la fibre amplificatrice a été réalisée avec succès en régime femtoseconde pour lequel la propagation s’accompagne de couplages spatio-temporels. Une première démonstration de principe a permis d’obtenir 120 kW de puissance crête avec un gain de 14 dB dans une impulsion uniquement limitée par la dispersion chromatique (350 fs), le profilage spatial permettant aussi de contrôler l’impulsion amplifiée par la sélection de modes dont les vitesses de groupe sont proches
For a long time, multimode fibers were sparsely investigated because of the spatial and temporal distortions occurring during propagation across the fiber. Those distortions are consequences of mode coupling and modal propagation constant disparity. Although the propagation in a multimode waveguide is complex, it is deterministic and can be controlled by spatial shaping of the excitation. Considering an amplifying medium, the problem, at the heart of this thesis, is more complex because of nonlinear propagation due to heterogeneous gain saturation. Two kinds of Ytterbium doped multimode fiber amplifiers were tested: a step index fiber with a large core diameter and a coupled core multicore fiber. Spatial control of the output of the amplifier was achieved using a deformable mirror in combination with an iterative algorithm. In the case of a continuous wave excitation of the amplifier, we demonstrated that it was possible to confine light in a single-phase spot with a 2,8 W average power and 12 dB gain. We also demonstrated that the spatial shaping of the output has no effect on the amplifier gain. Furthermore, we obtained more complex output fields of multi-spot structure. Finally, focalization through the amplifying fiber was successfully demonstrated in femtosecond regime for which spatio-temporal couplings occur. A 120 kW peak power spot with a gain of 14 dB in a 350 fs pulse was obtained in a first experimental proof of concept. The spatial shaping allows also to control the duration of the amplified pulse by selection of modes with close group velocities

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

41

Graux, Anne-Isabelle. "Modélisation des impacts du changement climatique sur les écosystèmes prairiaux. Voies d'adaptation des systèmes fourrragers". Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00653360.

Texto completo

Resumen

Les prairies assurent différents services auprès de l'agriculture et de la société, dont les plus fondamentaux sont de produire le lait et la viande que nous consommons, mais également d'atténuer les émissions de gaz à effet de serre (GES) en piégeant une partie du carbone atmosphérique dans leurs sols. L'anticipation des risques associés à la continuité de ces services, dans le contexte de changement climatique (CC) et démographique futur, est l'un des enjeux agricole et sociétal de demain. Dans ce cadre, cette thèse vise à i) modéliser les impacts du CC sur les services et le bilan de GES des prairies, en tenant compte de la variabilité climatique accrue prédite par les modèles climatiques, mais également ii) à fournir des pistes d'adaptations du système fourrager dans le cas de systèmes d'élevage bovin herbagers. Pour cela, nous avons développé les modules animal et végétal de PaSim afin, d'une part, de représenter de façon mécaniste les performances animales et les émissions de méthane entérique au pâturage et, d'autre part, de rendre compte des interactions de la diversité végétale avec le CC et la gestion des prairies. PaSim a ensuite été utilisé pour simuler, en 12 sites français, les impacts du CC sur des prairies mono ou plurispécifiques, dans différentes conditions pédoclimatiques et de gestion. Le modèle a été forcé par des scénarios climatiques à haute résolution couvrant la période 1950-2100 et issus de différents scénarios socio-économiques, modèles climatiques et méthodes de régionalisation / initialisation. Les conséquences du CC sont globalement assez favorables, hormis pour la production fourragère estivale et la restitution d'eaux aux nappes, pour lesquels les risques d'une diminution significative sont accrus. Les sites plus arides ne sont pas nécessairement ceux qui connaîtront la plus forte évolution négative, même si, en absolu, ils restent ceux présentant les déficits fourragers et hydriques les plus forts. De nouvelles opportunités pour la production fourragère s'offre aux saisons autres que l'été, laissant présager de changements saisonniers importants qui nécessiteront fatalement une adaptation des systèmes d'élevage de ruminants. Une étude de cas, centrée sur les bassins de production breton et du Massif Central, a permis de montrer que ces changements pourraient s'accompagner de modifications de la distribution de fourrages et de concentré en complément de l'herbe pâturée, avec parfois, une exclusion des troupeaux de la pâture l'été. Des systèmes fourragers offrant une certaine flexibilité face à l'aléa climatique pourraient permettre d'exploiter à son maximum l'herbe pâturée, avec des temps de pâturage plus longs et davantage de surfaces allouées au pâturage, et par conséquent des chargements plus élevés. Ces adaptations ne devraient pas nuire au bilan net de GES à l'échelle du système, exprimé par UGB jour. En revanche, afin de soutenir le potentiel de production, elles pourraient nécessiter un recours plus important à l'azote et, de fait, augmenter les pollutions azotées à l'échelle du système.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

42

Zouiteni, Mohammed. "Effet du défilement rétinien et de la motilité oculaire sur le changement adaptatif du gain du réflexe vestibulo-oculaire chez l'homme et chez le babouin (Papio papio)". Aix-Marseille 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991AIX11351.

Texto completo

Resumen

Le probleme fondamental de l'adaptation du gain du rvo chez l'homme et chez le singe est aborde dans cette etude par l'analyse par l'analyse des facteurs susceptibles d'etre a l'origine de cette adaptation. Par une methode originale d'immobilisation mecanique d'un il ou des deux yeux, qui modifie l'interaction normale entre le mouvement de l'il et le defilement retinien, nous avons teste l'hypothese selon laquelle le codage de la motilite oculaire jouerait un role dans l'adaptation du gain du rvo. Les conditions d'immobilisation d'un il ou des deux yeux pendant des stimulations vestibulaires devant un tambour opto-cinetique stationnaire s'accompagnent d'une augmentation du gain du rvo dans l'obscurite lorsqu'un il ou les deux yeux sont liberes. L'augmentation du gain est relativement importante dans le cas de l'immobilisation d'un seul il. L'augmentation du gain du rvo observee apres immobilisation des deux yeux serait liee a l'effet du defilement retinien. Celle resultant de l'immobilisation d'un seul il serait liee a l'effet de l'association des informations retiniennes et extra-retiniennes. L'information extra-retinienne issue e l'il non immobilise dans le protocole d'immobilisation d'un seul il, serait derivee de la proprioception des muscles extra-oculaires et/ou de la copie de l'efference motrice

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

43

Ravindran, Sourabh. "Physiologically Motivated Methods For Audio Pattern Classification". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/14066.

Texto completo

Resumen

Human-like performance by machines in tasks of speech and audio processing has remained an elusive goal. In an attempt to bridge the gap in performance between humans and machines there has been an increased effort to study and model physiological processes. However, the widespread use of biologically inspired features proposed in the past has been hampered mainly by either the lack of robustness across a range of signal-to-noise ratios or the formidable computational costs. In physiological systems, sensor processing occurs in several stages. It is likely the case that signal features and biological processing techniques evolved together and are complementary or well matched. It is precisely for this reason that modeling the feature extraction processes should go hand in hand with modeling of the processes that use these features. This research presents a front-end feature extraction method for audio signals inspired by the human peripheral auditory system. New developments in the field of machine learning are leveraged to build classifiers to maximize the performance gains afforded by these features. The structure of the classification system is similar to what might be expected in physiological processing. Further, the feature extraction and classification algorithms can be efficiently implemented using the low-power cooperative analog-digital signal processing platform. The usefulness of the features is demonstrated for tasks of audio classification, speech versus non-speech discrimination, and speech recognition. The low-power nature of the classification system makes it ideal for use in applications such as hearing aids, hand-held devices, and surveillance through acoustic scene monitoring

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

44

De, Souza Marcelo. "Conception d'amplificateur faible bruit reconfigurable en technologie CMOS pour applications de type radio adaptative". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0295/document.

Texto completo

Resumen

Les systèmes de communication mobiles permettent l’utilisation de l’information en environnements complexes grâce à des dispositifs portables qui ont comme principale restriction la durée de leurs batteries. Des nombreux efforts se sont focalisés sur la réduction de la consommation d’énergie des circuits électroniques de ces systèmes, une fois que le développent des technologies des batteries ne avance pas au rythme nécessaire. En outre, les systèmes RF sont généralement conçus pour fonctionner de manière fixe, spécifiés pour le pire cas du lien de communication. Toutefois, ce scénario peut se produire dans une petite partie du temps, entraînant ainsi en perte d’énergie dans le reste du temps. La recherche des circuits RF adaptatifs, pour adapter le niveau du signal d'entrée pour réduire la consommation d'énergie est donc d'un grand intérêt et de l'importance. Dans la chaîne de réception radiofréquence, l'amplificateur à faible bruit (LNA) se montre un composant essentiel, autant pour les performances de la chaîne que pour la consommation d'énergie. Au cours des dernières décennies, des techniques pour la conception de LNAs reconfigurables ont été proposées et mises en oeuvre. Cependant, la plupart d'entre elles s’applique seulement au contrôle du gain, sans exploiter Le réglage de la linéarité et du bruit envisageant l'économie d'énergie. De plus,ces circuits occupent une grande surface de silicium, ce qui entraîne un coût élevé, ou NE correspondent pas aux nouvelles technologies CMOS à faible coût. L'objectif de cette étude est de démontrer la faisabilité et les avantages de l'utilisation d'un LNA reconfigurable numériquement dans une chaîne de réception radiofréquence, du point de vue de la consommation d'énergie et de coût de fabrication
Mobile communication systems allow exploring information in complex environments by means of portable devices, whose main restriction is battery life. Once battery development does not follow market expectations, several efforts have been made in order to reduce energy consumption of those systems. Furthermore, radio-frequency systems are generally designed to operate as fixed circuits, specified for RF link worst-case scenario. However, this scenario may occur in a small amount of time, leading to energy waste in the remaining periods. The research of adaptive radio-frequency circuits and systems, which can configure themselves in response to input signal level in order to reduce power consumption, is of interest and importance. In a RF receiver chain, Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) stand as critical elements, both on the chain performance or power consumption. In the past some techniques for reconfigurable LNA design were proposed and applied. Nevertheless, the majority of them are applied to gain control, ignoring the possibility of linearity and noise figure adjustment, in order to save power. In addition, those circuits consume great area, resulting in high production costs, or they do not scale well with CMOS. The goal of this work is demonstrate the feasibility and advantages in using a digitally controlled LNA in a receiver chain in order to save area and power
Os sistemas de comunicação móveis permitem a exploração da informação em ambientes complexos através dos dispositivos portáteis que possuem como principal restrição a duração de suas baterias. Como o desenvolvimento da tecnologia de baterias não ocorre na velocidade esperada pelo mercado, muitos esforços se voltam à redução do consumo de energia dos circuitos eletrônicos destes sistemas. Além disso, os sistemas de radiofrequência são em geral projetados para funcionarem de forma fixa, especificados para o cenário de pior caso do link de comunicação. No entanto, este cenário pode ocorrer em uma pequena porção de tempo, resultando assim no restante do tempo em desperdício de energia. A investigação de sistemas e circuitos de radiofrequência adaptativos, que se ajustem ao nível de sinal de entrada a fim de reduzir o consumo de energia é assim de grande interesse e importância. Dentro de cadeia de recepção de radiofrequência, os Amplificadores de Baixo Ruído (LNA) se destacam como elementos críticos, tanto para o desempenho da cadeia como para o consumo de potência. No passado algumas técnicas para o projeto de LNA reconfiguráveis foram propostas e aplicadas. Contudo, a maioria delas só se aplica ao controle do ganho, deixando de explorar o ajuste da linearidade e da figura de ruído com fins de economia de energia. Além disso, estes circuitos ocupam grande área de silício, resultando em alto custo, ou então não se adaptam as novas tecnologias CMOS de baixo custo. O objetivo deste trabalho é demonstrar a viabilidade e as vantagens do uso de um LNA digitalmente configurável em uma cadeia de recepção de radiofrequência do ponto de vista de custo e consumo de potência

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

45

Oliveira, Luanda Mara da Silva. "Avaliação fenotípica das células T CD4+ reguladoras, Th17, Th22 e Tc22 nos indivíduos expostos não infectados por HIV-1". Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5133/tde-06062016-140710/.

Texto completo

Resumen

INTRODUÇÃO: A infecção por HIV-1 é um grave problema de saúde pública causando elevada taxa de morbidade e mortalidade. Entretanto, alguns indivíduos são considerados resistentes à infecção por HIV-1, mesmo após repetidas exposições ao vírus. Vários fatores imunológicos e genéticos podem estar associados a resistência à infecção, como ativação de componentes da imunidade inata e também devido ao baixo perfil de ativação das células T. É possível que nos indivíduos expostos e não infectados por HIV-1 (ENI) ocorra uma importante atuação das células T secretoras de IL-17 e IL-22, e também as células T reguladoras, pois são necessárias para a manutenção e homeostase das mucosas associadas ao intestino (GALT). OBJETIVO: Avaliar o fenótipo e a função de células TCD4+ e TCD8+ em casais sorodiscordante ao HIV-1, compostos por indivíduos ENI e os parceiros infectados por HIV-1. MÉTODOS: Os casais sorodiscordantes ao HIV-1, consistiam de 23 indivíduos expostos não-infectados (ENI), 14 mulheres e 9 homens, com mediana de 41 anos e 21 parceiros infectados por HIV-1 (HIV), 20 homens e 1 mulher com mediana de 41 anos. Os controles saudáveis foram 24 indivíduos (14 mulheres e 10 homens) com mediana de 37 anos. Os casais sorodiscordantes foram compostos por 16 heterossexuais e 7 homossexuais, com tempo de relacionamento de 13 anos. As frequências de células Th17, Th22 e Tc22, as células T polifuncionais foram analisadas em células mononucleares (CMNs) do sangue periférico, estimulados com peptídeos da região Gag do HIV-1 e da enterotoxina B do Staphylococcus aureus (SEB), a frequência de células T reguladoras, o perfil fenotípico de exaustão/diferenciação e a expressão da integrina alfa4?7 e CCR9 em células T, foram realizados por citometria de fluxo. RESULTADOS: No grupo HIV, as células T CD4+ e CD8+ do sangue periférico mostrou maior frequência de CD95 e PD-1 e baixa expressão de CD127 comparado ao grupo ENI e controle. A frequência de células Th17 em CMNs aumentou nos grupos ENI e HIV-1 na condição sem estímulo, contudo, após estímulo com os peptídeos da região p24 da Gag do HIV-1 induziu resposta somente no grupo HIV-1. O grupo ENI mostrou resposta antígeno-especifica somente para IL-22. Além disto, avaliando as células Tc22 e Th22, foi verificado aumento da resposta aos peptídeos da Gag e também ao SEB, nos grupos HIV e ENI. A presença de células T polifuncionais antígeno-especificas, secretoras de 5-4 citocinas, foi detectada apenas em células T CD38+ no grupo HIV, enquanto os indivíduos ENI mostraram resposta polifuncional por células T CD38- somente ao estímulo policlonal por SEB. Uma diminuição do número absoluto de células T reguladoras (CD4+CD25+CD127low/-Foxp3+) foi detectada no grupo HIV comparado ao ENI e controle, com maior expressão de moléculas HLA-DR e CD95. Além disto, foi detectado diminuição na frequência de células TCD8+ ?4?7+ no grupo ENI e de células TCD4+ alfa4beta7+ nos grupos ENI e HIV. Houve uma correlação positiva entre as células Tc22 e Th22 com as células TCD8+ e TCD4+ que expressam alfa4beta7, no grupo ENI e HIV-1. CONCLUSÃO: Os indivíduos ENI são capazes de desenvolver resposta antígeno-específicas relacionadas com a IL-22, que possui importante função na imunidade de mucosas. Além disto, mostram presença de células T polifuncionais com baixo perfil de ativação a estímulo policlonal. Os dados evidenciam que os indivíduos ENI, mostram indução de células Tc22, aumento de expressão de moléculas de migração para o intestino e equilíbrio entre as células efetoras e Treg, que em conjunto, devem exercer importante papel para a resistência à infecção por HIV-1
INTRODUCTION: The HIV-1 infection is a major public health problem causing high morbidity and mortality. However, some individuals are considered resistant to HIV-1 infection even after repeated HIV-1 exposures. Several immunologic and genetic factors could be associated with the resistance to infection, such as activation of innate immunity components and due to the low profile of T-cell activation. It is possible that in HIV-1 exposed uninfected individuals (EU) occurs an important activity of the T cells secreting IL-17 and IL-22, including regulatory T cells, which are necessary to maintenance of homeostasis of gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT). AIM: To evaluate the phenotype and function of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in HIV-1-serodiscordant couples, composed by the EU individuals and the infected HIV-1 partners. METHODS: The HIV-1-serodiscordant couples consisted of 23 EU individuals, 14 women and 9 men, with a median age of 41 years and 21 partners infected by HIV-1, 20 men and 1 woman, with a median of 41 years. Healthy controls consisted of 24 individuals (14 women and 10 men) with a median age of 37 years. The serodiscordant couples were composed by 16 homosexuals and 7 heterosexuals, reporting a median relationship duration of 13 years with a single partner. The frequency of Th17, Th22 and Tc22 cells, the polyfunctional T cells were assessed in mononuclear cells (MNCs) from peripheral blood, stimulated with the peptides from the gag region of HIV-1 and enterotoxin B from Staphylococcus aureus (SEB), the frequency of regulatory T cells and the exhaustion/differentiation phenotypic profile and expression of integrin alfa4beta7 and CCR9 in T cells were assessed by flow cytometry. RESULTS: In HIV group, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from peripheral blood showed a higher frequency of PD-1, and CD95 and low expression of CD127 compared to ENI and control groups. The frequency of Th17 cells in MNCs increased in ENI and HIV-1 groups in the unstimulated conditions, however, upon stimulation with p24 peptides of HIV-1 Gag induced response only in HIV-1 group. The ENI group showed antigen-specific response only for IL-22. Moreover, evaluating the Tc22 and Th22 cells, it was found increased response to Gag peptides and also for SEB in both, HIV and ENI groups. The presence of polyfunctional antigen-specific T cells secreting 5-4 cytokines, was only detected in CD38+ T cells from HIV group, while ENI individuals showed polyfunctional CD38- T cells response only with the polyclonal stimulus with SEB. A decreased absolute number of regulatory T cells (CD4 + CD25 + CD127low /-Foxp3 +) was detected in HIV group compared to the EU and control groups, with higher expression of HLA-DR and CD95 molecules. In addition, it was detected decreased frequency of CD8+ alfa4beta7 + T cells in the ENI group and CD4+ alfa4beta7+ T cells in both, ENI and HIV groups. There was a positive correlation between Tc22 and Th22 cells with the CD8+ and CD4+ T cells expressing alfa4beta7, in the ENI and HIV-1 groups. CONCLUSION: The EU individuals are able to develop antigen-specific response related to IL-22, which has an important function in the mucosal immunity. In addition, showed presence of polyfunctional T cells with low activation profile to polyclonal stimuli. The data show that the EU individuals, showed induction of Tc22 cells, increased expression of homing molecules into the intestine and balance between effector cells and Treg cells, which together, must play an important role in the HIV-1 resistance

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

46

Sharma, Anshul Kumar. "Contribution à la synthèse d'observateur à gain variable pour les systèmes non linéaires : Application à l'estimation de la résistance au roulement". Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ECDN0049.

Texto completo

Resumen

Les émissions de CO2 provenant du transport routier représentent une part importante des émissions globales et contribuent au changement climatique en cours. En effet, la consommation de carburant est affectée entre autre par une source importante de perte d'énergie, représentée par la résistance au roulement liée au contact pneumatique/chaussée. Les études montrent que les pertes d'énergie liées à la résistance au roulement représentent environ 20% pour un véhicule léger. Elle est due essentiellement à la déformation répétitive du pneu et dépend fortement des paramètres du pneu tels que la pression de gonflage, la température, mais également de la dynamique du véhicule et de l’infrastructure. Elle est non mesurable directement à l’aide d’un capteur. L'objectif principal de cette thèse est d’estimer précisément et de manière fiable la résistance au roulement d’un véhicule en conditions réelles de conduite et en prenant en compte les caractéristiques de l’infrastructure. Pour atteindre cet objectif, une approche dite « indirecte », consiste à utiliser des capteurs logiciels, type observateur. Un modèle multi-physique du contact pneumatique /chaussée a été développé et intégré dans le modèle complet du véhicule. Un observateur à gain adaptatif est développé pour assurer une estimation précise et robuste. Cette approche d’observation a été choisie pour sa robustesse vis-à-vis des erreurs de modélisation, les incertitudes paramétriques et pour sa convergence rapide en temps fini. Une validation expérimentale sera mise en place sur les pistes de Université Gustave Eiffel, afin de valider l’approche d’estimation avec un véhicule instrumenté
CO2 emissions from road transport account for a significant share of global greenhouse gas emissions and therefore contribute to on-going climate change. In fact, fuel consumption is influenced by one of major source of energy loss among others, represented by the rolling resistance linked to tyre/road contact. Studies show that energy losses due to rolling resistance represent approximately 20% for a light vehicle. It is mainly due to the repetitive deformation of the tyre. It is highly dependent on tyre parameters such as inflation pressure, load, speed and temperature, but also on vehicle dynamics and characteristics of the infrastructure. It is not directly measurable with a physical sensor. The main objective of this thesis is to develop a system for the estimation of the tyre rolling resistance of a vehicle in real driving conditions. In order to achieve this objective, an indirect approach of estimation by using software sensor such observer. A multi-physical model of the tyre/road contact has been developed to integrate the various influencing parameters of rolling resistance and coupled with the full vehicle model. Indeed, the complexity of the model and the driving situations make this estimation difficult. Therefore, a variable gain (adaptive) unknown input observer is developed to ensure an accurate and robust estimation. This observation approach has been chosen for its robustness against modeling errors, parametric uncertainties and for its rapid convergence in finite time. An offline experimental validation is done on the test tracks of University Gustave Eiffel, Nantes in order to validate the estimation approach with an instrumented vehicle

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

47

Roach, Thomas Peter. "Decision making methods for water resources management under deep uncertainty". Thesis, University of Exeter, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/25756.

Texto completo

Resumen

Substantial anthropogenic change of the Earth’s climate is modifying patterns of rainfall, river flow, glacial melt and groundwater recharge rates across the planet, undermining many of the stationarity assumptions upon which water resources infrastructure has been historically managed. This hydrological uncertainty is creating a potentially vast range of possible futures that could threaten the dependability of vital regional water supplies. This, combined with increased urbanisation and rapidly growing regional populations, is putting pressures on finite water resources. One of the greatest international challenges facing decision makers in the water industry is the increasing influences of these “deep” climate change and population growth uncertainties affecting the long-term balance of supply and demand and necessitating the need for adaptive action. Water companies and utilities worldwide are now under pressure to modernise their management frameworks and approaches to decision making in order to identify more sustainable and cost-effective water management adaptations that are reliable in the face of uncertainty. The aim of this thesis is to compare and contrast a range of existing Decision Making Methods (DMMs) for possible application to Water Resources Management (WRM) problems, critically analyse on real-life case studies their suitability for handling uncertainties relating to climate change and population growth and then use the knowledge generated this way to develop a new, resilience-based WRM planning methodology. This involves a critical evaluation of the advantages and disadvantages of a range of methods and metrics developed to improve on current engineering practice, to ultimately compile a list of suitable recommendations for a future framework for WRM adaptation planning under deep uncertainty. This thesis contributes to the growing vital research and literature in this area in several distinct ways. Firstly, it qualitatively reviews a range of DMMs for potential application to WRM adaptation problems using a set of developed criteria. Secondly, it quantitatively assesses two promising and contrasting DMMs on two suitable real-world case studies to compare highlighted aspects derived from the qualitative review and evaluate the adaptation outputs on a practical engineering level. Thirdly, it develops and reviews a range of new potential performance metrics that could be used to quantitatively define system resilience to help answer the water industries question of how best to build in more resilience in future water resource adaptation planning. This leads to the creation and testing of a novel resilience driven methodology for optimal water resource planning, combining optimal aspects derived from the quantitative case study work with the optimal metric derived from the resilience metric investigation. Ultimately, based on the results obtained, a list of suitable recommendations is compiled on how to improve the existing methodologies for future WRM planning under deep uncertainty. These recommendations include the incorporation of more complex simulation models into the planning process, utilisation of multi-objective optimisation algorithms, improved uncertainty characterisation and assessments, an explicit robustness examination and the incorporation of additional performance metrics to increase the clarity of the strategy assessment process.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

48

Fonseca, Daniel Guerra Vale da. "Modelagem e controle adaptativo de uma planta did?tica de n?vel com instrumenta??o industrial". Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2012. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/15446.

Texto completo

Resumen

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:56:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DanielGVF_DISSERT.pdf: 2881772 bytes, checksum: 5236953fb6bb70560393eeeaa01f96f9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-31
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico
The control, automation and optimization areas help to improve the processes used by industry. They contribute to a fast production line, improving the products quality and reducing the manufacturing costs. Didatic plants are good tools for research in these areas, providing a direct contact with some industrial equipaments. Given these capabilities, the main goal of this work is to model and control a didactic plant, which is a level and flow process control system with an industrial instrumentation. With a model it is possible to build a simulator for the plant that allows studies about its behaviour, without any of the real processes operational costs, like experiments with controllers. They can be tested several times before its application in a real process. Among the several types of controllers, it was used adaptive controllers, mainly the Direct Self-Tuning Regulators (DSTR) with Integral Action and the Gain Scheduling (GS). The DSTR was based on Pole-Placement design and use the Recursive Least Square to calculate the controller parameters. The characteristics of an adaptive system was very worth to guarantee a good performance when the controller was applied to the plant
As ?reas de controle, automa??o e otimiza??o contribuem para a melhoria dos processos utilizados pelas ind?strias, permitindo uma linha de produ??o r?pida, aprimorando a qualidade do produto final e reduzindo os custos de produ??o. Boas ferramentas para o desenvolvimento de pesquisas nestas ?reas s?o as plantas did?ticas, pois proporcionam um contato direto com equipamentos semelhantes ou at? mesmo usados no setor industrial. Em vista dessas capacidades, o objetivo deste trabalho ? modelar e controlar uma planta did?tica que consiste de um sistema de controle de processo para vaz?o e n?vel com instrumenta??o industrial. Com o modelo ? poss?vel construir um simulador capaz de permitir estudos a respeito do funcionamento do sistema, sem os gastos com a opera??o do processo real. ? o caso de experimentos com controladores, que podem ser testados diversas vezes antes de serem efetivamente utilizados no processo real. Dentre os diversos tipos de controladores existentes, foi dado foco aos de tipo adaptativo, principalmente ao auto-sintoniz?vel direto (Direct Self-Tuning Regulator DSTR) com a??o integral e ao controlador com Escalonamento de Ganho (Gain Scheduling GS). O controlador DSTR foi projetado com base no m?todo de posicionamento de p?los e teve seus par?metros calculados atrav?s da t?cnica dos m?nimos quadrados recursivos. As caracter?sticas dos sistemas adaptativos foram de grande valia para garantir um desempenho satisfat?rio dos controladores, quando aplicados ? planta

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

49

Bouraoui, Ibtissem. "Synthèse d’observateurs pour les systèmes non linéaires". Caen, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CAEN2010.

Texto completo

Resumen

Les résultats présentés dans cette thèse s’articulent autour de la synthèse d’observateurs d’état et adaptatifs pour des classes de systèmes non linéaires avec des sorties échantillonnées. Un observateur continu-discret a tout d’abord été proposé pour une classe de systèmes comportant des incertitudes et avec des sorties échantillonnées. Cet observateur a été dans un premier temps présenté sous forme impulsionnel avant d’être mis sous forme prédictive de sortie. Ensuite, un observateur adaptatif a été proposé pour une classe de systèmes comportant des coefficients constants inconnus linéairement paramétrisés pour l’estimation de ces coefficients simultanément avec l’état. La synthèse de l’observateur initialement conçu pour fonctionner avec des sorties continues a été ensuite étendue au cas de la paramétrzation non linéaire et des sorties échantillonnées. Les performances des différents observateurs proposés ont été illustrées à travers plusieurs exemples en simulation tout au long de la thèse
The results given in this thesis deal with state and adaptive observers design for classes of nonlinear systems with sampled outputs. A continuous-discrete observer has been first proposed for a class of systems involving some uncertainties and which outputs are sampled. This observer has been first proposed under an impulsive form before being put under an output predictive form. Next, an adaptive observer has been proposed for a class of systems involving some unknown linearly parameterized coefficients in order to on-line estimate these coefficients simultaneously with the state. The design of the observer, initially achieved by assuming continuous measurements, has been extended to the case of nonlinear parametrization and sampled outputs. The performance and main properties of the proposed observers have been illustrated in simulation by considering many examples throughout this thesis

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

50

Gube, Marlene. "The (un)sustainability of hotel breakfast buffets : Food and its potential to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions in the context of tourism". Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för organisation och entreprenörskap (OE), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-54315.

Texto completo

Resumen

Tourism and food are two sectors that have major impact on the environment, including the amount of global greenhouse gases (GHGs) they emit. The potential of the tourism sector to mitigate greenhouse gases through adaptation strategies of food supply and consumption at breakfast buffets in hotels is the major field of investigation in the current study. This thesis contributes an empirical analysis that uses knowledge from fieldwork in a touristic area in Sweden. The empirical work of this study consists of two steps. First, measuring the (un)sustainability of breakfast buffets in hotels, using the FOODSCALE method, determining potential pathways toward a less greenhouse gas emission intensive food supply and second, to distinguish tourist interest to adopt toward a more climate friendly diet away from home. As food consumption patterns of tourists are considered as critical contributors to greenhouse gas emissions, changes toward a more environmental friendly diet are urgently needed helping substantially in mitigating emissions of GHGs. However, this field has been sparsely explored which made it an interesting and important area for current research in tourism studies. The results and analysis showed that sustainable food consumption patterns of tourists can be encouraged through breakfast buffets. However, this is depending on a couple of determinants which have to be applied and fulfilled by breakfast buffets in hotels. Tourists interest to adapt toward a more climate friendly diet while being on holidays is depending on their eating habits and their interest in environmental sustainability issues. With the help of the 3 identified guest groups it can be determined that the majority of tourists' is willing to give up carbon-intensive eating habits and change their behavior when being on holidays. Hotels can act as role models, promoting more sustainable behaviour through sustainable food offers at breakfast buffets. The idea of hotels acting as role models focuses on encouraging beneficial decision-making, such as adopting food consumption patterns toward a carbon-neutral diet.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Tesis sobre el tema "GAN adaptation"

Crea una cita precisa en los estilos APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard y otros