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Roberts, Tawna L., Heather A. Anderson, and Karla K. Stuebing. "Accommodative Gain in Relation to Perceived Target Clarity." Optometry and Vision Science 92, no. 11 (2015): 1092–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/opx.0000000000000711.
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Søgaard Jensen, Niels, Ole Hau, Jens Brehm Bagger Nielsen, Thor Bundgaard Nielsen, and Søren Vase Legarth. "Perceptual Effects of Adjusting Hearing-Aid Gain by Means of a Machine-Learning Approach Based on Individual User Preference." Trends in Hearing 23 (January 2019): 233121651984741. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2331216519847413.
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This study investigated a method to adjust hearing-aid gain by use of a machine-learning algorithm that estimates the optimal setting of gain parameters based on user preference indicated in an iterative paired-comparison procedure. Twenty hearing-impaired participants completed this procedure for 12 different sound scenarios. During the adjustment procedure, their task was to indicate a preference based on one of three sound attributes: Basic Audio Quality, Listening Comfort, or Speech Clarity. In a double-blind comparison of recordings of the processed scenarios, and using the same attributes as criteria, the adjusted gain settings were subsequently compared with two prescribed settings of the same hearing aid (with and without activation of an automatic sound-classification system). The results showed that the adjustment method provided a general improvement of Basic Audio Quality, an improvement of Listening Comfort in a traffic-noise scenario but not in three scenarios with speech babble, and no significant improvement of Speech Clarity. A large variation in gain adjustments was observed across participants, both among those who did benefit and among those who did not benefit from the adjustment. There was no clear connection between the gain adjustments and the perceived benefit, which indicates that the preferred gain settings for a given sound scenario and a given listening intention are highly individual and difficult to predict.
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Bross, Peter, and Robert M. Tanguay. "Mitochondrial Hsp70 and the troubles of nomenclature: leaving behind tradition to gain intuitiveness and clarity." Cell Stress and Chaperones 21, no. 4 (2016): 547–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12192-016-0700-x.
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Zhao, Chen Fei, and Qing Han. "Effect of Paper’s Spectral Reflectance on the Printing’s Dot Gain." Advanced Materials Research 236-238 (May 2011): 1246–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.236-238.1246.
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Paper is the main print material, whose performance is a factor that effects the printing’s dot gain which is bad to image clarity and color reproduction. In the paper, Yule-Nielsen neugebauer spectral modal is analyzed , and the relation between paper’s spectral reflectance and the printing’s dot gain is discussed. By experiments, the paper’s spectral reflectance is adopted as correction index, which can reduce the dot gain value of the light color patch , and in the same printing conditions the dot gain is effected by the paper’s spectral reflectance, ink’s type, dot area percentage and wavelengths. The research has a certain significance for controlling printing quality and reducing the producing cost.
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Tanjung, Ariani. "IMPLEMENTATION OF MODEL BASED LEARNING THROUGH MULTIMEDIA CONTENT IN WHICH APPLY TO GIVE AND RECIEVE CONTRASTIVITY VERB IN JAPANESE AND INDONESIAN." JURNAL ARBITRER 2, no. 2 (2015): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/ar.2.2.101-111.2015.
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Contrastive is a study that focused on the field of phonetics, vocabulary, grammar, etc. between two or more languages with linguistics that differentiate various activities to gain clarity on the part of the symmetric and asymmetric.
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McGrath, Stephen Keith, and Stephen Jonathan Whitty. "Redefining governance: from confusion to certainty and clarity." International Journal of Managing Projects in Business 8, no. 4 (2015): 755–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijmpb-10-2014-0071.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to resolve and remove from the governance arena in general and the project arena in particular, conflict which occurs when parties do not realise they have different meanings for common governance terms. Design/methodology/approach – Review literature on definitional confusion in general and on governance in particular and develop a method for defining an internally consistent group of terms, then apply this to a group of terms in the governance arena. Findings – Several important subjects commonly arranged under the governance banner do not actually constitute governance (strategy, behaviour, decision making). Research limitations/implications – Further work is necessary to remove similar confusion in other closely related areas, including power itself and authority as well as project and general management terms such as responsibility and accountability. Practical implications – Projects and business alike can potentially achieve significant improvements in efficiency and effectiveness through gaining consistency across current models, frameworks, policies and procedures thus reducing cross-boundary conflict. Social implications – Creation of a unifying feature within the project and management literature, shifting the understanding of the boundaries and limitations of governance. These definitions will help progress governance from complexity to simplicity, from an art to an understandable practice, from a concept that has been hijacked for partisan and political gain to a lean social tool which can be put to use for the benefit of organisations, whether public, charitable or private. Originality/value – The value is clarity – resulting in the avoidance of confusion and misunderstanding together with their consequent waste of time, resources and money.
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Preminger, Jill E., and David R. Cunningham. "Case-Study Analysis of Various Field Study Measures." Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 14, no. 01 (2003): 039–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3766/jaaa.14.1.6.
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The purpose of this study was to measure the reliability, sensitivity and validity of two types of field study measures: subjective rating techniques and self-assessment scales. Eight listeners with hearing loss served as subjects. In a laboratory study two Frequency-Gain-Characteristics (FGCs) were selected; one which subjects rated as having better speech clarity and one which subjects rated as having poorer speech clarity. The clarity ratings for the two FGCs were the criterion measure to which the results of the field studies were compared. Subjects wore each of the two FGCs in the real world for six, one-week time periods. During each week subjects completed either category ratings or paired comparisons. Two self-assessment scales were also completed. The paired comparison technique was the field study measure with the best psychometric characteristics.
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Sollfrank, Cornelia, and Wolfgang Sützl. "Sharing." A Peer-Reviewed Journal About 5, no. 1 (2016): 82–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/aprja.v5i1.116043.
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Cornelia Sollfrank interviews Wolfgang Sützl around the notion of “sharing,”where this interest comes from and how it is embedded in the larger context of his work. In his answers, Sützl argues for the need of a better understanding of sharing to gain more clarity about the limits of exchange and neoliberal rationality.
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Latham, Gloria. "The art of the early childhood researcher: Rediscovering music and movement in language." Journal of Early Childhood Research 17, no. 1 (2018): 44–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1476718x18812232.
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The initial research undertaken was an attempt to understand what it is like for young children to be in the world. The study was a search to reclaim a sense of place for the teacher/researcher and the children, and to capture young children’s profound wondering. This article is a reflective look back at that study and attempts through methods of reflection and disruption to gain further clarity, to extend yet complicate what was known. The reflection also explores three of the central challenges that were encountered when evoking and ultimately re-visioning the lived experiences. Taking the time to look back on the research with testimonial readings, provided greater perspective and clarity to the role of emKeybodied teacher.
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Padrón Ávila, Hugo, and Raúl Hernández Martín. "Location-based concepts in tourism research: what do they mean?" PASOS. Revista de Turismo y Patrimonio Cultural 21, no. 2 (2023): 383–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.25145/j.pasos.2023.21.024.
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This paper is motivated by the lack of clarity in frequently used terms and definitions in tourism research complicating comparative studies of cases. This paper proposes an objective method that may help researchers gain awareness of different definitions of concepts in tourism research, avoiding misunderstandings. The paper focuses on four main concepts: destination, attraction, accommodation and point of interest. A bibliometric analysis is carried out to quantify how often researchers employ different definitions for each of these terms. This allowed for the most frequently used definition to be ascertained. The results show that bibliometrics can help identify the most frequent definitions given to a certain concept. This study may help future researchers to better define concepts in tourism studies, as it can be used to clarify meanings among researchers and practitioners when conducting research or making reports on tourism and hospitality
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Hornsby, Benjamin W. Y., and H. Gustav Mueller. "User Preference and Reliability of Bilateral Hearing Aid Gain Adjustments." Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 19, no. 02 (2008): 158–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3766/jaaa.19.2.6.
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The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the consistency and reliability of user adjustments to hearing aid gain and the resulting effects on speech understanding. Sixteen bilaterally aided individuals with hearing loss adjusted their hearing aid gain to optimize listening comfort and speech clarity while listening to speech in quiet and noisy backgrounds. Following these adjustments, participants readjusted their aids to optimize clarity and comfort while listening to speech in quiet. These final gain settings were recorded and compared to those provided by NAL-NL1 prescriptive targets. In addition, speech understanding was tested with the hearing aids set at target and user gain settings. Performance differences between the gain settings were then assessed.Study results revealed that although some listeners preferred more or less gain than prescribed, on average, user and prescribed gain settings were similar in both ears. Some individuals, however, made gain adjustments between ears resulting in "gain mismatches." These "mismatches" were often inconsistent across trials suggesting that these adjustments were unreliable. Speech testing results, however, showed no significant difference across the different gain settings suggesting that the gain deviations introduced in this study were not large enough to significantly affect speech understanding. El propósito del actual estudio fue evaluar la consistencia y la confiabilidad de los ajustes ganancia del auxiliar auditivo por parte del usuario, en cuanto a mejorar la comprensión del lenguaje. Dieciséis individuos hipoacúsicos con amplificación bilateral ajustaron la ganancia de sus auxiliares auditivos para optimizar la comodidad al escuchar y la claridad del lenguaje mientras escuchaban lenguaje en ambientes silenciosos y ruidosos. Después de estos ajustes, los participantes reajustaron sus auxiliares para optimizar la claridad y la comodidad al escuchar lenguaje en silencio. Estos ajustes finales de ganancia fueron registrados y comparados a aquellos indicados por las metas de prescripción del NAL-NL1. Además, se evaluó la comprensión del lenguaje con los auxiliares auditivos graduados en el nivel meta y en el nivel escogido por el usuario. Entonces se evaluaron las diferencias de desempeño entre dichos ajustes de ganancia.El estudio reveló que aunque algunos sujetos prefirieron más o menos ganancia de la prescrita, en promedio, los ajustes de ganancia del usuario y los prescritos fueron similares en ambos oídos. Algunos individuos, sin embargo, realizaron ajustes de ganancia entre sus dos oídos que resultaron en "desajustes de ganancia". Estos "desajustes" fueron a menudo inconsistentes en los diferentes ensayos sugiriendo que eran no confiables. Los resultados de las pruebas de lenguaje, sin embargo, no mostraron diferencias significativas entre los diferentes ajustes de ganancia, sugiriendo que las desviaciones de ganancia introducidas en este estudio no fueron lo suficientemente grandes para afectar significativamente la comprensión del lenguaje.
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Mady, Ahmed F., Ahmed Elalfy, and Mostafa Y. Elawadi. "Benefits and Barriers of ICU Daily Round; Perspective of Intensivists: Cross-Sectional Study." International Journal of Health Sciences and Research 12, no. 2 (2022): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijhsr.20220202.
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Daily ICU round has become the standard of care in the intensive care unit. It has varying structures and designs across ICUs world-wide. Aim: Cross-sectional study to explore the perspective of ICU physicians regarding the daily round. Method: Online survey including questions in four domains, namely, physicians’ gain, patients’ gain, barriers to the round, and suggestions for improvement. Results: Perceived physicians’ gains in order were: role clarity (73%), newly obtained knowledge (61%), medico-legal protection (45%), and communication with other disciplines (30%). As for patients’ gain, the perceived benefits were: making intervention decisions (97%), objectives of management (81%), better patients’ outcomes (55%), and a tool to respond to patients’ conditions (15%). Barriers to the round were lack of standardization and input from other disciplines, long duration and interruptions. The physicians suggested a standardized structured tool for the round as a method of improvement. Conclusion: ICU physicians’ main perceived personal gain from the daily ICU round is a formulated plan of management, for patients’ gain is decision making, as a barrier is the lack of standardization, and suggest its standardization for improvement. Key words: ICU physicians, ICU daily round, Intensivists, intensive care unit
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Kljakovic, Moja, and Aidan Kelly. "Working with school-refusing young people in Tower Hamlets, London." Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry 24, no. 4 (2019): 921–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359104519855426.
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This study looks at the local context, describing quantitative data from a subset of young people seen within the inner London Tower Hamlets Pupil Referral Unit (PRU) that are extremely socially withdrawn and unable to attend mainstream education. The core aim of this research was to examine the views of professionals who work with and for these young people. Qualitative group interviews were used to gain a deeper understanding of the needs of these young people, what might contribute to their withdrawal from school and what needs to be done to help them reintegrate. Professionals reported that these young people were highly complex in terms of their needs and presentation and that there is a lack of clarity around what causes these young people to withdraw. They agreed that a more intensive multilayered intervention was required to meet their needs. Interventions that include gradual socialization, parental involvement and which address the role of technology were indicated. However, more research is needed to clarify how to effectively intervene.
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Canales, Arthur D. "Ministry to Transgender Teenagers (Part One): Pursuing Awareness and Understanding about Trans Youth." Journal of Pastoral Care & Counseling: Advancing theory and professional practice through scholarly and reflective publications 72, no. 3 (2018): 195–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1542305018790216.
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Several significant aspects are addressed in this article to gain clarity and to pursue awareness regarding transgender teenagers. It begins by offering a brief introduction and then moves towards a common understanding of the language and landscape surrounding transgender teenagers. Next the paper centers on maligned, marginalized, and misunderstood transgender teenagers and the experiences they encounter. Hopefully, the information gleaned in this article will empower pastoral care givers to minister directly to this particular underserved sexual minority group.
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Koliha, J. J. "A generalized Drazin inverse." Glasgow Mathematical Journal 38, no. 3 (1996): 367–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017089500031803.
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The main theme of this paper can be described as a study of the Drazin inverse for bounded linear operators in a Banach space X when 0 is an isolated spectral point ofthe operator. This inverse is useful for instance in the solution of differential equations formulated in a Banach space X. Since the elements of X rarely enter into our considerations, the exposition seems to gain in clarity when the operators are regarded as elements of the Banach algebra L(X).
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Viator, Ralph E. "The Relevance of Transformational Leadership to Nontraditional Accounting Services: Information Systems Assurance and Business Consulting." Journal of Information Systems 15, no. 2 (2001): 99–125. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/jis.2001.15.2.99.
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This paper examines whether supervisors in nontraditional accounting services (vs. supervisors in financial auditing and tax services) are more likely to acquire transformational leadership skills, and, whether such skills impact subordinates' role clarity and role outcomes. Transformational leadership coincides with the AICPA's Vision Project's definition of leadership skills: the ability to influence, inspire, and motivate others to achieve results. The paper uses role theory to articulate specific links between transformational leader behavior, role clarity, and role outcomes (job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and job performance). Data was obtained through a mail survey to 1,150 AICPA members, with 416 usable responses obtained. Participants who primarily worked in the functional area of information system assurance and business consulting (ISA/BC) perceived that their supervisors demonstrated higher levels of transformational leadership, compared to participants from two other service areas (financial auditing and tax services). Transformational leadership was directly and positively associated with role clarity, job satisfaction and affective organizational commitment, and indirectly associated with job performance, across all three functional areas. The current study serves as a baseline, demonstrating transformational leadership is more likely to occur in public accounting functions that are less standard-intensive. However, future research must determine whether transformational leadership in nontraditional services translates into economic gain, i.e., into increased revenues and an expanded client base.
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Thoyre, Suzanne M., Britt F. Pados, Jinhee Park, et al. "Development and Content Validation of the Pediatric Eating Assessment Tool (Pedi-EAT)." American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 23, no. 1 (2014): 46–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1058-0360(2013/12-0069).
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Purpose In this article, the authors describe the development and content validation of a parent-report measure of problematic eating behaviors: the Pediatric Eating Assessment Tool (Pedi-EAT). Method In Phase I, items were generated from parents' descriptions of problematic feeding behaviors of children, review of literature, and review of existing eating-related instruments. In Phase II, interdisciplinary experts on pediatric eating behaviors rated the items for clarity and relevance using content validity indices (CVI) and provided feedback on the comprehensiveness of the instrument. In Phases III and IV, 2 groups of parents of children with and without feeding difficulties participated in cognitive interviews to gain respondent feedback on content, format, and item interpretation. The authors analyzed interviews using matrix display strategies. Results Experts rated the total scale CVI > .90 for both relevance and clarity; item CVI ranged from .67 to 1.0 for relevance and .5 to 1.0 for clarity. Analysis of each item with low scores, along with experts' and parents' feedback, resulted in refinement of the items, scoring options, and directions. Experts and parents added additional items. Readability after refinements was acceptable at less than a 5th-grade level. Conclusion The Pedi-EAT was systematically developed and content validated with input from researchers, clinicians, and parents.
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Vincent-Höper, Sylvie, Sabine Gregersen, and Albert Nienhaus. "Do Work Characteristics Mediate the Negative Effect of Transformational Leadership on Impaired Well-Being?" Zeitschrift für Arbeits- und Organisationspsychologie A&O 61, no. 4 (2017): 167–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1026/0932-4089/a000249.
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Abstract: In recent years, transformational leadership as a health-related factor has become a focal point of interest in research and practice. However, the pathways and mechanisms underlying this association are not yet well understood. In order to gain knowledge on how or why transformational leadership and employee well-being are associated, we investigated the mediating effect of the work characteristics role clarity and predictability. The study was carried out on 618 employees working in the health-care sector in Germany. We tested the mediator effect using structural equation modeling. The results indicate that role clarity and predictability fully mediate the relation between transformational leadership and negative indicators of well-being. These results give credit to the notion that work characteristics play an important role in identifying health-relevant aspects of leadership behavior. Our findings advance the understanding of how to enhance employee well-being and have implications for the design of leadership-related interventions of workplace health promotion.
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Sundblad, Göran, Lena Bergström, Tore Söderqvist, and Ulf Bergström. "Predicting the effects of eutrophication mitigation on predatory fish biomass and the value of recreational fisheries." Ambio 49, no. 5 (2019): 1090–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13280-019-01263-1.
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Abstract Improving water clarity is a core objective for eutrophication management in the Baltic Sea, but may influence fisheries via effects on fish habitat suitability. We apply an ensemble of species distribution models coupled with habitat productivity functions and willingness-to-pay estimates to assess these effects for two coastal predatory fish species, European perch (Perca fluviatilis) and pikeperch (Sander lucioperca). The models predicted a 37% increase in perch and 59% decrease in pikeperch biomass if reaching the reference level for water clarity in the Baltic Sea Action Plan. Reaching the target level was predicted to increase perch biomass by 13%. However, the associated economic gain for the recreational fisheries sector was countervailed by an 18% pikeperch reduction. Still, a net benefit was predicted since there are six times more fishing days for perch than pikeperch. We exemplify how ecological modelling can be combined with economic analyses to map and evaluate management alternatives.
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Utama, Hari Fitria. "Pandangan hidup Kejawen (Asta Brata) sebagai konsep kepemimpinan di era VUCA (Volatility, Uncertainty, Complexity, and Ambiguity)." Satwika : Kajian Ilmu Budaya dan Perubahan Sosial 7, no. 1 (2023): 237–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/satwika.v7i1.24056.
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Tulisan ini membahas tentang gaya kepemimpinan Asta Brata untuk diterapkan di era VUCA, dengan menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan tahap pengumpulan data, analisis dengan metode deskriptif-analitik, interpretasi, dan dilanjutkan tahap penulisan menjadi sebuah karya. Masalah yang di angkat dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana konsep Asta Brata dapat diterapkan sebagai pedoman kepemimpinan di era VUCA. Permasalahan tersebut dijawab dengan menjabarkan pengertian VUCA, pengertian Asta Brata, dan analisis Asta Brata sebagai pedoman kepemimpinan di era VUCA. Melalui kajian yang dilakukan, ditemukan bahwa terdapat sudut pandang lain dari VUCA yakni VUCA Prime yang bermakna positif. VUCA Prime terdiri atas (Vision, Undertsanding, Clarity, and Agile). Ditemukan juga Asta Brata merupakan konsep kepemimpinan ideal yang didasari peneladanan terhadap sikap unsur dalam alam yakni bumi, air, angin, bulan, matahari, samudra, gunung, dan api. Setelah dilakukan analisis ditemukan bahwa Asta Brata dapat diterapkan sebagai pedoman yang harus dimiliki pemimpin untuk mencapai VUCA Prime. Penerapannya adalah sebagai berikut: sikap air dan bumi dapat digunakan untuk mencapai Vision, sikap lautan dan bulan untuk mencapai Understanding, sikap angin dan api untuk mencapai Clarity, serta sikap gunung dan matahari dapat diterapkan untuk mencapai Agile. Berdasarkan temuan tersebut dapat diambil kesimpulan bahwa Asta Brata dapat dijadikan alternatif konsep kepemimpinan di era VUCA. This study examines Asta Brata's leadership style for the VUCA age. Utilizing qualitative research methodologies with data gathering phases, descriptive-analytic analysis, interpretation, and extending the writing step into work. The issue presented in this study is how to apply the Asta Brata idea as a leadership guide in the VUCA age. This issue is addressed by defining VUCA, Asta Brata, and analyzing Asta Brata as a guideline for leadership in the VUCA age. According to the research, another point of view from VUCA, VUCA Prime, has a positive significance. VUCA Prime is made from (Vision, Understood, Clarity, and Agile). It was also discovered that Asta Brata is an ideal leadership concept based on the attitudes of nature's elements, including earth, water, wind, moon, sun, ocean, mountains, and fire. Following an examination, Asta Brata may be used as a guideline for leaders to reach VUCA Prime. Water and earth attitudes can be used to gain Vision; ocean and moon attitudes can be used to gain Comprehension; wind and fire attitudes can produce Clarity; and mountain and sun attitudes can achieve Agile. Asta Brata, based on these findings, can be employed as an alternative leadership idea in the VUCA age.
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Temitope, Apanisile Samuel, and Prof Olalekan Asikhia. "Introduction to The Influence of Warm Data on Risk Leadership." International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science 06, no. 07 (2022): 174–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2022.6712.
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This paper would establish that organizations as a complex adaptive system are made up of interacting parts. The interaction generates data which is known as warm data. This type of data is nonlinear in nature and easily contextualize or map the interdependent variables and tail- risks that leaders and decision makers face on a day-to-day basis in a system. Up until now, there has been no computing way to deliver holistic signals and patterns that enable leaders and their teams to gain insight and foresight during interactions and conversations which help in uncovering and resolving their biases and blind spots. Warm data would assist leaders in cutting through the risk and fuzziness of complex internal and external environment in order to gain agility during ambiguity, clarity during complexity, understanding during uncertainty, optionality during instability, vision during volatility and certainty during chaos.
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Annisa, Nadya, and Putri Surya Cempaka. "KOMUNIKASI INTRAPERSONAL MAHASISWA LAKI-LAKI MENGENAI ISU PERAWATAN KESEHATAN MENTAL DI MALAYSIA: STUDI TEORI PERSEPSI." MEDIASI Jurnal Kajian dan Terapan Media, Bahasa, Komunikasi 1, no. 2 (2020): 79–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.46961/mediasi.v1i2.573.
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The purpose of this study is to gain clarity on the perception process of male students group in Malaysia in seeking mental health care. This study conducted interviews with participants, then the results of the interviews were analysed to determine the process of intrapersonal communication related to mental health care issues. The results found that there are three themes which are the perceptual processes in intrapersonal communication. The conclusions of this study are theoretical implications for academics in the field of intrapersonal communication and practical implications for society regarding the issue of mental health care.
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Galton, Antony. "On the Notions of Specification and Implementation." Royal Institute of Philosophy Supplement 34 (March 1993): 111–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1358246100002472.
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In this paper we consider two key concepts from software engineering—‘specification’ and ‘implementation’—and explore their possible applications outside software engineering to other disciplines, notably the philosophy of action, evolutionary biology, and cognitive science. Throughout, the emphasis is on the gain in conceptual clarity that can be afforded by these concepts; it is not so much a matter of new knowledge or new theories but of a reorganization of existing knowledge and theories in a way that facilitates the transfer of insights across a range of related fields.
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Putra, Vinda Kristian, Mohamad Fatih, and Fathul Niam. "PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA BOOKLET BERBASIS SETS MATERI SUMBER ENERGI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR." JURNAL PENDIDIKAN DASAR PERKHASA: Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Dasar 10, no. 1 (2024): 29–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.31932/jpdp.v10i1.2642.
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Learning media is an object or tool which can be used as an intermediary by teachers and accepted by recipients, namely students, in the teaching and learning process so that learning can run effectively and efficiently so that learning objectives can be achieved according to the desired curriculum. This sets-based booklet media was created as an alternative in learning science subjects. This stage consists of: analyze, design, development, implementation and evaluation. The stages in implementing research and development activities are contained in the ADDIE model. The results of validation of sets-based booklet media were carried out by several experts, such as media experts, material experts and language experts. The media expert's assessment of this learning media is based on two aspects (1) Clarity and (2) Appearance is "Very Valid" based on the table, namely the assessment percentage is 97%. The material expert's assessment of this learning media is based on two aspects (1) Clarity and (2) Appearance is "Very Valid" based on the table, namely the assessment percentage is 90%. The linguist's assessment of this learning media is based on two aspects (1) Clarity and (2) Appearance is "Very Valid" based on the table, namely the assessment percentage is 90%. Based on the results of the n-gain test, the critical thinking abilities of class IV students obtained a total significant value of 0.85. The result obtained high criteria.
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Campbell, Janice. "Understanding Millennial Moms' Choices: A Nursing Survey About Childbirth Education in Primigravid Women." Journal of Perinatal Education 29, no. 4 (2020): 208–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/j-pe-d-19-00030.
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Primigravid women, at some point, feel the need to gain education about childbirth. Our objective was to identify where primigravid millennial moms are seeking their childbirth education. This study, a quantitative nonexperimental survey research, was designed within the context of developmental transition theory. Childbearing women were recruited, considering the phenomenon to be studied. This purposive sample of 100 participants included primigravid millennial mothers (born between 1978 and 1994), status post vaginal birth, or emergent cesarean surgery, on a 455-bed, acute care facility. All participants were able to speak, understand, and read English or Spanish fluently. The author used a self-report survey to collect data from the participants. Primigravid women responded to a series of questions posed by the investigator. Considering the participants' variety of reading levels and their ability to communicate in writing, special attention was given to the simplicity and clarity of the questions on the survey. The responses provided by the participants suggested the need to enhance current childbirth education into culturally friendly and evidence-based technological information. Websites, apps, and social media are important information channels to reach and disseminate valuable childbirth education for millennial primigravid women. However, these channels are not currently being used to their full potential, considering the amount of information available and lack of guidance and clarity to disseminate trustworthy health-care information. By understanding millennial moms' choices, we gain the opportunity to deliver better education and support to Internet savvy women who are seeking online health-care information.
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Bowen, W. D., O. T. Oftedal, and D. J. Boness. "Birth to weaning in 4 days: remarkable growth in the hooded seal, Cystophora cristata." Canadian Journal of Zoology 63, no. 12 (1985): 2841–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z85-424.
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A brief lactation period with rapid neonatal weight gain may be adaptive for seals breeding on unstable pack ice. We studied the duration of lactation and growth of known-age pups of the hooded seal, Cystophora cristata, on the pack ice off Labrador. Mean body weight of pups increased from 22.0 kg at birth (n = 21) to a maximum of 42.6 kg on day 4 (n = 11) and then declined. On the basis of maternal absence, weight change, gastric contents, and clarity of blood serum, we conclude that pups are weaned 4 days after birth (range, 3–5 days). This is the shortest lactation period known for any mammal. Tagged pups captured on sequential days gained on average 7.1 kg per 24 h from the day after birth to weaning. Maternal effort supported a relative rate of weight gain (145 g∙kg maternal weight−0.75∙day−1) that is 2.5–6 times that of other phocids. By combining a large birth weight with rapid neonatal weight gain, hooded seals achieve a weaning weight comparable to other phocids in one-third to one-tenth the amount of time after birth.
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Wood, Karl. "A window into short-story construction: Richard Yates’ “Builders” and questions of the autobiographical content of his work." Crossroads. A Journal of English Studies, no. 32(1) (2021): 49–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/cr.2021.32.1.04.
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Richard Yates, most remembered for his Revolutionary Road (1961), was also the author of two fine and exceptionally well-crafted collections of short stories, Eleven Kinds of Loneliness (1963) and Liars in Love (1981). Yates was a writer of exceptional perception and unflinching clarity, yet some have criticized his work as drawing too heavily on autobiographical content. This article seeks to examine Yates’ 1963 story “Builders” to gain insight into this extraordinary author’s understanding of the writing process, his use of autobiographical or semi-autobiographical content, and to suggest new approaches for work on this still under-appreciated twentieth century author.
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Langer-Osuna, Jennifer M. "Authority, Identity, and Collaborative Mathematics." Journal for Research in Mathematics Education 48, no. 3 (2017): 237–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/jresematheduc.48.3.0237.
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The field of mathematics education research has seen a resurgence of interest in understanding collaborative learning because students in K–12 classrooms are increasingly expected to make sense of mathematics problems together. This research commentary argues for the importance of understanding student authority relations in collaborative mathematics classrooms. How intellectual authority becomes constructed, organized, and distributed among students has implications for both mathematics learning and the development of mathematics-linked identities. This research commentary suggests directions for future work to gain clarity on the mechanisms that undergird the distribution of authority in order to support powerful mathematics classrooms.
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Wroblewski, Daniel, Annika Scholl, Lara Ditrich, Lotte Pummerer, and Kai Sassenberg. "Let’s stay in touch: Frequency (but not mode) of interaction between leaders and followers predicts better leadership outcomes." PLOS ONE 17, no. 12 (2022): e0279176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0279176.
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Successful leadership requires leaders to make their followers aware of expectations regarding the goals to achieve, norms to follow, and task responsibilities to take over. This awareness is often achieved through leader-follower communication. In times of economic globalization and digitalization, however, leader-follower communication has become both more digitalized (virtual, rather than face-to-face) and less frequent, making successful leader-follower-communication more challenging. The current research tested in four studies (three preregistered) whether digitalization and frequency of interaction predict task-related leadership success. In one cross-sectional (Study 1, N = 200), one longitudinal (Study 2, N = 305), and one quasi-experimental study (Study 3, N = 178), as predicted, a higher frequency (but not a lower level of digitalization) of leader-follower interactions predicted better task-related leadership outcomes (i.e., stronger goal clarity, norm clarity, and task responsibility among followers). Via mediation and a causal chain approach, Study 3 and Study 4 (N = 261) further targeted the mechanism; results showed that the relationship between (higher) interaction frequency and these outcomes is due to followers perceiving more opportunities to share work-related information with the leaders. These results improve our understanding of contextual factors contributing to leadership success in collaborations across hierarchies. They highlight that it is not the digitalization but rather the frequency of interacting with their leader that predicts whether followers gain clarity about the relevant goals and norms to follow and the task responsibilities to assume.
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Angelone, Erik, and Álvaro Marín García. "Expertise acquisition through deliberate practice." Translation Spaces 6, no. 1 (2017): 122–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ts.6.1.07ang.
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Abstract In his influential 2006 publication, Shreve, in citing Ericsson (1996, 21), outlines a series of fundamental conditions that must be met in order for the translator to acquire expertise. While expertise research on professional translator performance in authentic contexts has only recently started to gain traction in earnest, these conditions for expertise acquisition, while well-suited for academic contexts involving formal translator training, may not be as readily realizable within the language industry. In an attempt to complement recent workplace studies on translation (Risku and Windhager 2013; Ehrensberger-Dow 2014), our questionnaire-based explorative study sets out to gain a better understanding of how expertise in translation is conceptualized and fostered from within the language industry. By gauging how professional translators, as well as the project managers for whom they work, regard expertise from the perspective of the requisite conditions outlined by Shreve, we hope to establish greater clarity as to how expertise is envisioned, practiced, and valued along emic lines.
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Thrasher, Christine, and Rebecca J. Purc-Stephenson. "Integrating nurse practitioners into Canadian emergency departments: a qualitative study of barriers and recommendations." CJEM 9, no. 04 (2007): 275–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1481803500015165.
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ABSTRACT Objective: The objective of this study was to identify the facilitators and barriers associated with integrating nurse practitioners (NPs) into Canadian emergency departments (EDs) from the perspectives of NPs and ED staff. Methods: We conducted 24 semi-structured interviews with key multidisciplinary stakeholders in 6 Ontario EDs to gain a broad range of perspectives on implementation issues. Data were analyzed using a grounded-theory approach. Results: Qualitative analysis of the interview data revealed 3 major issues associated with NP implementation: organizational context, role clarity and NP recruitment. Organizational context refers to the environment an NP enters and involves issues related to the ED culture, physician reimbursement system and patient volume. Role clarity refers to understanding the NP's function in the ED. Recruitment issues are associated with attracting and retaining NPs to work in EDs. Examples of each issue using respondent's own words are provided. Conclusion: Our study identified 3 issues that illustrate the complex issues involved when implementing NPs in EDs. The findings may inform policy makers and health care professionals in the future development of the role of NPs in Canadian EDs.
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Gorham, M. Victoria. "Displaying the Nation: Museums and Nation-Building in Tanzania and Kenya." African Studies Review 63, no. 3 (2020): 487–517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/asr.2020.54.
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Abstract:Taking as a starting point the observation that Tanzania has historically been a more effective nation-builder than Kenya, Gorham asks why that is the case, focusing on the construction of national narratives in state-run museum spaces to gain a better understanding of official nationalist pedagogy. State-run museums are spaces where states can articulate their vision of the nation, and by cataloging and analyzing the content of exhibits, one can better understand the different types of narratives constructed by states with diverging nation-building strategies. The narratives produced in museum sites in Tanzania and Kenya differ in terms of their consistency, clarity, and inclusivity.
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House, Sophie. "Culture Change… Why is it so Difficult?" Practising Midwife 26, no. 11 (2023): 40–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.55975/mzin1903.
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Making changes within the healthcare setting is full of challenges that everyone faces when trying to better our services. There are many barriers faced when making these changes on multi-factorial levels, some of which are easy to overcome and others much harder.1 Going through an official quality improvement (QI) process has helped gain some clarity on the processes and barriers and these have helped to make appropriate changes within my workplace and improve the care provided. This article reflects on the process that I have gone through and why I think it is so difficult to make changes within a healthcare setting.
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Stawski, Theresa Paola. "The state-regime-nexus: law and legal order." Zeitschrift für Vergleichende Politikwissenschaft 15, no. 3 (2021): 357–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12286-021-00508-2.
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AbstractThe aim of this paper is to illuminate the interdependent relation and connectivity between state and regime known as the state-regime-nexus. To conceptualize the reciprocal institutional relation between state and regime and to deepen the understanding of the state-regime-nexus, I focus on law and legal order as one mutual linkage between state and regime in both democratic and autocratic regimes. To do so, this conceptual paper addresses two points that are part of the same topic: the relation between state, regime and law and different variants of legal order in democratic and autocratic regimes. This creates a theoretical basis to gain more conceptual and analytical clarity in the complex realm of the state-regime-nexus.
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Pelegrin, Bernard. "Learning from the Self Confrontation of the Ergonomist Interviewer." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 44, no. 12 (2000): 2–663. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120004401259.
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The self confrontation set up by the ergonomist usually concerns the operator. Here we apply the self confrontation – and methods taken from Linguistics – to the Ergonomist to understand the fine mecanisms of the intercomprehension between the Ergonomist-Interviewer and young interviewees. They face an important problem of rehabilitation. The Ergonomist helps them to prepare the skills assessment they have to submit to. This study is based on knowledge derived from interactionist linguistics and socio-linguistics. It helps in the knowledge of the profession of Ergonomist. It leads to the definition of a double notion: the ‘Epiphore-habitity’ couple defined as what enables to gain in clarity, background and precision, here and now, in the course of the interview.
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Wulf, Christina, Petra Zapp, Andrea Schreiber, and Wilhelm Kuckshinrichs. "Setting Thresholds to Define Indifferences and Preferences in PROMETHEE for Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment of European Hydrogen Production." Sustainability 13, no. 13 (2021): 7009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13137009.
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The Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment (LCSA) is a proven method for sustainability assessment. However, the interpretation phase of an LCSA is challenging because many different single results are obtained. Additionally, performing a Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) is one way—not only for LCSA—to gain clarity about how to interpret the results. One common form of MCDAs are outranking methods. For these type of methods it becomes of utmost importance to clarify when results become preferable. Thus, thresholds are commonly used to prevent decisions based on results that are actually indifferent between the analyzed options. In this paper, a new approach is presented to identify and quantify such thresholds for Preference Ranking Organization METHod for Enrichment Evaluation (PROMETHEE) based on uncertainty of Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) methods. Common thresholds and this new approach are discussed using a case study on finding a preferred location for sustainable industrial hydrogen production, comparing three locations in European countries. The single LCSA results indicated different preferences for the environmental, economic and social assessment. The application of PROMETHEE helped to find a clear solution. The comparison of the newly-specified thresholds based on LCIA uncertainty with default thresholds provided important insights of how to interpret the LCSA results regarding industrial hydrogen production.
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Bull, J. W., and S. Brownlie. "The transition from No Net Loss to a Net Gain of biodiversity is far from trivial." Oryx 51, no. 1 (2015): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605315000861.
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AbstractThe objectives of No Net Loss and Net Gain have emerged as key principles in conservation policy. Both give rise to mechanisms by which certain unavoidable biodiversity losses associated with development are quantified, and compensated with comparable gains (e.g. habitat restoration). The former seeks a neutral outcome for biodiversity after losses and gains are accounted for, and the latter seeks an improved outcome. Policy-makers often assume that the transition from one to the other is straightforward and essentially a question of the amount of compensation provided. Consequently, companies increasingly favour Net Gain type commitments, and financial institutions make lending conditional on either objective, depending on the habitat involved. We contend, however, that achieving Net Gain is fundamentally different to achieving No Net Loss, and moving from one to the other is less trivial than is widely realized. Our contention is based on four arguments: (1) the two principles represent different underlying conservation philosophies; (2) ecological uncertainties make it difficult to know where the threshold between No Net Loss and Net Gain lies; (3) different frames of reference are more or less appropriate in evaluating the ecological outcomes, depending on the principle chosen; and (4) stakeholder expectations differ considerably under the two principles. In exploring these arguments we hope to support policy-makers in choosing the more appropriate of the two objectives. We suggest that financial institutions should provide greater clarity regarding the explicit requirements for each principle. We conclude by highlighting questions of relevance to this topic that would benefit from focused research.
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MALONE, ANDREW S. "Distinguishing the Angel of the Lord." Bulletin for Biblical Research 21, no. 3 (2011): 297–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/26424371.
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Abstract René López has clarified a number of arguments to assist the identification of the "angel of the Lord" as an agent of God. These recognize that an agent can adopt the speech of his master and be accorded the deference due that master. However, his arguments would apply readily if the angel were himself God. Thus, the veracity of López's thesis hinges on the ability to distinguish between the angel and his Lord—something not sufficiently established. This response is offered as a dialogical foil. It demonstrates that further clarity is needed in distinguishing the two figures and that doing so can be quite difficult. If the two cannot be adequately distinguished, we gain further evidence for identifying the angel as God.
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TETIK, Selman. "Talent Management: A Review of Theoretical Perspectives and a Guideline for Practioners." Nile Journal of Business and Economics 2, no. 4 (2017): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.20321/nilejbe.v2i4.77.
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Today’s knowledge-intensive business environment elevates the importance of human resources to being rare and inimitable resources. A resource-based view (RBV) holds that organizations can gain competitive advantage by utilizing available rare and inimitable resources and that motivates practioners and scholars to focus on talent management (TM). In TM field, it is mostly stated that there is a lack of clarity on dimensions, definitions and theoretical framework of TM. Although RBV is predominantly underpins the talent management field as a theoretical lens, but also new theoretical perspectives are proposed to fill the theoretical gap in the field. Thus, this study aims to contribute to the field by discussing the existing perspectives and approaches. Subsequently, TM practices are provided in its processes; defining, developing and retaining
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Ruscombe-King, Gillie, Laura Mackenzie, Steve Pearce, and Kate Saunders. "“I know you think I think – therefore I am”. Mentalisation based therapeutic community: a description." Therapeutic Communities: The International Journal of Therapeutic Communities 38, no. 1 (2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tc-02-2016-0007.
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Purpose The mentalisation based therapeutic community (MBTC) is a group experience which promotes the acquisition of the capacity to mentalise. Members of the community gain greater emotional stability and psychological robustness. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach MBTC works with three theoretical principles: the intrapsychic, interpersonal and social. It is a slow open group where each member completes a ten-week course. The approach is deliberately non-interpretive with an emphasis on personal responsibility and accountability in order to promote clarity of mind. Findings The authors’ experience is that the model engages group members with few drop outs. Originality/value The combination of mentalising and the use of therapeutic community principles within in MBTC has enhanced outcomes for group members.
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Gamboa, Steven. "In Defense of Analogical Reasoning." Informal Logic 28, no. 3 (2008): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.22329/il.v28i3.595.
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I offer a defense of ana-logical accounts of scientific models by meeting certain logical objections to the legitimacy of analogical reasoning. I examine an argument by Joseph Agassi that purports to show that all putative cases of analogical inference succumb to the following dilemma: either (1) the reasoning remains hopelessly vague and thus establishes no conclusion, or (2) can be analyzed into a logically preferable non-analogical form. In rebuttal, I offer a class of scientific models for which (a) there is no satisfactory non-analogical analysis, and (b) we can gain sufficient clarity for the legitimacy of the inference to be assessed. This result constitutes an existence proof for a class of analogical models that escape Agassi’s dilemma.
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Enia, Marco, and Flavio Martella. "How Buildings Relate—Classifying Architectural Interactions." Architecture 3, no. 3 (2023): 490–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/architecture3030027.
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In recent years, architectural interactions have become the center of many important reflections. However, there is little agreement on the subject. Some authors consider architecture to be about its relations with human and nonhuman agents. Others consider that buildings have an autonomous presence, which transcends all their interactions. These approaches are generally seen as incompatible. Although at the heart of the debate is the role of relations in architecture, their nature is not addressed. The discussion could gain clarity by recognizing the differences between them. In this paper, we propose a classification of architectural interactions, which may help to better inform further discussion on the topic. A closer look at architectural relations reveals that autonomy and relationality are not opposing, but complementary, aspects.
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Wheeler, Gordon. "Parlett's Creative Abilities Model and the Esalen Curriculum for the Human Potential: A Comparative Study." British Gestalt Journal 15, no. 2 (2006): 46–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.53667/dvwz4941.
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"Abstracfi Malcolrn Parlett's 'Five Abilities Model' and the Esalen Curriulum for the Human Potential ('CHP') are two models for mapping human capacities and experiential dimensions for heuristic, diagnostic, pedagogical, and analytic purposes. Parlett's dimensions of 'responding, interrelating, self-recognising, embodying, and experimenting', and the CHP dimensions of 'mental body, emotional body, physical body, social body, and spiritual body', represent different ways of identifying needs in programmes of education and training, and different analytical tools for desigrring group and individual curricula based on those needs. By comparing these two systems, we gain clarity and understanding of each in the light of the other, and also identify areas for needed fi.rther development. Key words: creativity, Gestalt, holism, human potential curriculum, humanistic education, 'relational body'."
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Ervina, Ayu, Yusuf Suharto, and Ratna Rahmawati. "Penerapan Model Problem Based Learning untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa Kelas X." Journal of Geographical Sciences and Education 1, no. 2 (2023): 64–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.69606/geography.v1i2.60.
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Keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa kelas X-1 SMAN 3 Malang masih tergolong kurang, sehingga perlu ditingkatkan mengingat pentingnya keterampilan tersebut di abad 21 ini. Adapun enam indikator berpikir kritis yang perlu ditingkatkan yaitu focus, reason, inference, situation, clarity, dan overview. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui peran model Problem Based Learning (PBL) berbantuan padlet penyelesaian masalah dalam meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir secara kritis siswa kelas X-I SMAN 3 Malang. Jenis penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) menggunakan model Kemmis & Mc. Taggart. Data rerata peningkatan dan ketuntasan keterampilan berpikir kritis dianalisis menggunakan deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan persentase keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa sebesar 21,32% dari 66,67% pada siklus I menjadi 87,99% pada siklus II dan N-Gain sebesar 0,64.
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Hennus, Marije P., Anneliese Nusmeier, Gwen G. M. van Heesch, et al. "Development of entrustable professional activities for paediatric intensive care fellows: A national modified Delphi study." PLOS ONE 16, no. 3 (2021): e0248565. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0248565.
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Entrustable professional activities (EPAs), as a focus of learner assessment, are supported by validity evidence. An EPA is a unit of professional practice requiring proficiency in multiple competencies simultaneously, that can be entrusted to a sufficiently competent learner. Taken collectively, a set of EPAs define and inform the curriculum of a specialty training. The goal of this study was to develop a set of EPAs for Dutch PICU fellows. A multistage methodology was employed incorporating sequential input from task force members, a medical education expert, PICU fellowship program directors, and PICU physicians and fellows via a modified three-round Delphi study. In the first modified Delphi round, experts rated indispensability and clarity of preliminary EPAs. In the subsequent rounds, aggregated scores for each EPA and group comments were provided. In round two, respondents rated indispensability and clarity of revised EPAs. Round three was used to gain explicit confirmation of suitability to implement these EPAs. Based on median ratings and content validity index (CVI) analysis for indispensability in the first two rounds, all nine preliminary EPAs covered activities that were deemed essential to the clinical practice of PICU physicians. Based on median ratings and CVI analysis for clarity however, four EPAs needed revision. With an agreement percentage of 93–100% for all individual EPAs as well as the set as a whole, a high degree of consensus among experts was reached in the third round. The resulting nine PICU EPAs provide a succinct overview of the core tasks of Dutch PICU physicians. These EPAs were created as an essential first step towards developing an assessment system for PICU fellows, grounded in core professional activities. The robust methodology used, may have broad applicability for other (sub)specialty training programs aiming to develop specialty specific EPAs.
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Jo, Hyeryeong, Hyekyung Kong, Suyeon Shin, et al. "Comparison of Preferred Real-Ear Insertion Gain between Open- and Closed-Canal Fitting Hearing Aids." Audiology and Speech Research 17, no. 2 (2021): 180–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.21848/asr.200087.
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Purpose: To calculate the real-ear insertion gain (REIG) according to the types of hearing aids, we evaluated the preferred REIGs of Korean hearing-impaired listeners and psychoacoustic differences between open-canal fitting (OF) and closed-canal fitting (CF).Methods: The subjects with sensorineural hearing loss were divided into OF group (4 monaural fittings, 15 binaural fittings with 34 ears), and CF group (8 monaural fittings, 13 binaural fittings with 34 ears). There were no statistical differences in hearing threshold level (HTL) at each octave frequencies, word recognition score (WRS) and Korean Adaptation of the International Outcome Inventory for Hearing Aids (K-IOI-HA) between the two groups. When there was no need for further electroacoustic adjustment of the hearing aid, sharpness and occlusion of amplified sound, clarity of sentence, and loudness of noise were evaluated based on the everyday experience. And REIGs with international speech test signal and WRS in sound-treated room were measured.Results: Preferred REIG for HTL was low for OF compared to CF in 0.5 kHz and 0.75 kHz at input SPL of 55 dB, 0.5 kHz at 60 dB SPL, 0.25 kHz and 0.5 kHz at 80 dB SPL. However, there were no differences in aided WRS and psychoacoustics between the two groups.Conclusion: In this study, the preferred REIG of OF and CF groups showed a difference under 0.75 kHz although there were no psychoacoustic differences between the two groups. Therefore, the results of this study should be considered when formulating Korean-type hearing aid fitting formula.
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Huang, K. D., Ding Hua Zhang, Fang Long Zha, and M. J. Li. "Integrated Method of Enhancing Image Quality for FPD-Based Cone-Beam Computed Tomography." Key Engineering Materials 474-476 (April 2011): 1277–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.474-476.1277.
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The main factors of impacting Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) image quality and their causes were studied, and an integrated method of enhancing CBCT image quality was proposed according to the Digital Radiography (DR) imaging model. First, the original polychromatic X-ray was filtered into quasi-monochromatic X-ray by the filter plate of copper-tungsten alloy, in order to improve the quality of the original projection images. Then, the integrated artifact corrections for projection images were processed on the order of dark field correction, gain non-uniformity correction, scatter correction and beam hardening correction, to avoid the one-sidedness of only correcting a certain kind of artifact. Experimental results show that the method can almost eliminate the main artifacts of CBCT system and improve image clarity and signal to noise ratio.
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Cecil, Vanessa. "How to pitch a PhD (or similar) proposal." PsyPag Quarterly 1, no. 104 (2017): 36–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpspag.2017.1.104.36.
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To gain entry to a PhD programme you will normally need to write a convincing research proposal. Before embarking on that task, it is a good idea to pitch the general idea to your prospective supervisor(s). This can help to foster their interest, or better still, enthusiasm, and they will often provide suggestions for developing the pitch into a full proposal. However, it can be difficult to channel your thoughts into a concise document that demonstrates clarity, motivation, methodology and that sells your research idea. After some false starts, I discovered, courtesy of a great blog, a structured way to approach this. The pitch is both a sales tool and an invaluable resource for writing the proposal to follow, whether for a PhD or a grant application; this article summarises the guidance I followed.
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Li, Peng, Xinhua Zhang, and Wenlong Zhang. "Direction of Arrival Estimation Using Two Hydrophones: Frequency Diversity Technique for Passive Sonar." Sensors 19, no. 9 (2019): 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19092001.
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The traditional passive azimuth estimation algorithm using two hydrophones, such as cross-correlation time-delay estimation and cross-spectral phase estimation, requires a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) to ensure the clarity of the estimated target trajectory. This paper proposes an algorithm to apply the frequency diversity technique to passive azimuth estimation. The algorithm also uses two hydrophones but can obtain clear trajectories at a lower SNR. Firstly, the initial phase of the signal at different frequencies is removed by calculating the cross-spectral density matrix. Then, phase information between frequencies is used for beamforming. In this way, the frequency dimension information is used to improve the signal processing gain. This paper theoretically analyzes the resolution and processing gain of the algorithm. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can estimate the target azimuth robustly under the conditions of a single target (SNR = −16 dB) and multiple targets (SNR = −10 dB), while the cross-correlation algorithm cannot. Finally, the algorithm is tested by the swell96 data and the South Sea experimental data. When dealing with rich frequency signals, the performance of the algorithm using two hydrophones is even better than that of the conventional broadband beamforming of the 64-element array. This further validates the effectiveness and advantages of the algorithm.
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Keijser, Xander, Hilde Toonen, and Jan van Tatenhove. "A “learning paradox” in maritime spatial planning." Maritime Studies 19, no. 3 (2020): 333–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40152-020-00169-z.
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Abstract Both policy-makers and scholars acknowledge and emphasize the need for learning in maritime spatial planning (MSP). However, few explain why learning is important. As such, it remains a vague and understudied process and is taken for granted and assumed to be and do “only good” which might hinder an in-depth assessment of the effectiveness of learning in policy-making. In this paper, we investigate whether, and if so in what way, explicit attention is given to learning in MSP. In this way, we try to unpack a (plausible) “learning paradox” and gain more insight into the different conceptualizations of learning in MSP. We use seven dimensions to examine learning in MSP by conducting a literature review of scientific MSP literature and a case study, which analyzes learning in the Dutch MSP process. The literature review and case study point to a “learning paradox” in MSP, showing both similarities and differences. The common lack of attention for risk and ambiguities is particularly problematic, while the existing clarity about who (should) learn and how can be seen as opportunities to gain insights in learning in MSP. Overall, we argue that acknowledging the paradox is paramount to improve the effectiveness of learning processes in MSP.