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Literatura académica sobre el tema "FWTT"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 25 de mayo de 2024

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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "FWTT"

Munir, H., C. F. Lee y M. C. Ong. "Global analysis of floating offshore wind turbines with shared mooring system". IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1201, n.º 1 (1 de noviembre de 2021): 012024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1201/1/012024.

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Abstract Floating wind turbines (FWTs) with shared mooring systems can be one of the most cost- effective solutions in reducing mooring costs. First, the static configuration of a shared line is estimated using the elastic catenary equation. The present study investigates the global responses of two FWT with a shared mooring system. Two shared mooring configurations with different horizontal distances between the FWTs are considered. In the first configuration, the FWTs are placed 750m apart; and in the second configuration, they are placed 1000m apart. Two different environmental conditions (ECs) are used to simulate the global responses of the system in time domain. The shared mooring line results in higher extreme motions in surge and sway (degree of freedoms) DOFs due to the reduction of mooring restoring stiffness. The lower mooring restoring stiffness can be attributed to the reduction of one seabed anchoring point for each FWT as compared to a single FWT with three anchors installed. In the rotational DOFs, the shared mooring line configurations result in slight mean offset in each direction and significant increase in the motion standard deviations. This is caused by the reduced mooring stiffness associated with the change in platform orientation.

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Djenane, Mohamed, Rafik Demagh y Farid Hammoud. "Rotation of Stresses in French Wheel Tracking Test". Civil Engineering Journal 8, n.º 3 (1 de marzo de 2022): 438–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2022-08-03-03.

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The main function of a pavement is to distribute the traffic-induced load over its different layers. While the flexible pavement design methods are based on a linear elastic calculation, the real behavior of the different layers is highly non-linear and elastic. They can also, in some cases, be plastic and viscous. This research aims to develop a three-dimensional numerical model that is closely similar to the test FWTT conditions. The model will have a real geometry wheel footprint (rather than a rectangular shape). As a substitute for incremental loading, the wheel movement during its passage over the specimen will be simulated by a horizontal displacement. These important characteristics of the model represent the novelty and the major difference between the current research and previous studies. The current model, which is based on the finite elements method, uses Abaqus software and a viscoelastic constitutive model. The materials' viscoelastic properties have been described by the Prony series, also called the relaxation modulus, which is a function of time. This parameter can be defined in most computer-aided engineering (CAE) software. The procedure for calculating the Prony series from experimental data is explained. The results obtained agree with the stress signal amplitude, the stress rotation principal, and the total displacement rotation when the load approaches the node considered and located in the middle of the specimen. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-03-03 Full Text: PDF

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Gabr, Mohamed Elsayed, Madleen Salem, Hani Mahanna y Mohamed Mossad. "Floating Wetlands for Sustainable Drainage Wastewater Treatment". Sustainability 14, n.º 10 (17 de mayo de 2022): 6101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14106101.

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The preservation of water resources in modern urbanized society is a major concern. In this study, a floating constructed wetland (FWT) pilot plant was designed and constructed for the treatment of a polluted wastewater drain. A series of experiments were run continuously for a year in pilot-scale FWTs in a semi-arid area located in Egypt’s Delta. Four aquatic plant species (Eichhornia, Ceratophyllum, Pistia stratiotes, and Nymphaea lotus) were used to assess the performance of FWTs for pollutant removals, such as biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), electrical conductivity (EC), and total dissolved solids (TDS), from drainage wastewater to reuse the treated effluent in irrigation practices. The FWT systems were fed drainage tainted water on a weekly basis, and the concentrations and removal efficiency were assessed in the experiments. The average reduction in BOD, COD, TSS, TDS, TN, EC, and TP were 76–86%, 61–80%, 87–95%, 36.6–44.1%, 70–97%, 37–44%, and 83–96%, respectively. ANOVA with Post-HOC t-tests show that the Eichhornia, Pistia stratiotes, and Nymphaea lotus have the highest BOD and COD removal performance, whereas Pistia stratiotes and Nymphaea lotus have the highest TN and TP removal performance. In all cases, the Nymphaea lotus performed well in terms of pollutant removal. In addition, a design procedure for a FWT systems is presented. For wastewater treatment, FWT systems have proven to be a low-cost, long-term option.

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Farid, Hafiz Muhammad Athar, Muhammad Riaz y Gustavo Santos Garcia. "T-spherical fuzzy information aggregation with multi-criteria decision-making". AIMS Mathematics 8, n.º 5 (2023): 10113–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/math.2023512.

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<abstract><p>T-spherical fuzzy sets (T-SPFSs) have gained popularity because of their ability to account for uncertainty more effectively and spanning a larger domain. The sum of the t-$ th $ power of membership grades in T-SPFSs is close to a unit interval, allowing for greater uncertainty. As a result, this set outperforms traditional fuzzy structures. The "multi-criteria decision-making" (MCDM) approach is a widely used technique that requires the use of some aggregation tools, and various such aggregation operators (AOs) have been developed over the years to achieve this purpose. The purpose of this paper is to propose some new operational laws and AOs for use in a T-spherical fuzzy environment. In this regard, we presented some new neutral or fair operational rules that combine the concept of proportional distribution to provide a neutral or fair solution to the membership, abstinence, and non-membership of T-spherical fuzzy numbers (T-SPFNs). Based on the obtained operational rules, we presented the "T-spherical fuzzy fairly weighted average operator" and the "T-spherical fuzzy fairly ordered weighted averaging operator". Compared to earlier methodologies, the proposed AOs provide more generalised, reliable, and accurate information. In addition, under T-SPFSs, an MCDM approach is developed employing suggested AOs with several decision-makers (DMs) and partial weight details. Finally, to demonstrate the applicability of the innovative technique, we give an actual case study of "food waste treatment technology" (FWTT) selection under T-SPFSs scenarios. A comparison with an existing model has also been undertaken to confirm the validity and robustness of the acquired results.</p></abstract>

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Rapley, E. A., R. Barfoot, C. Bonaïti-Pellié, A. Chompret, W. Foulkes, N. Perusinghe, A. Reeve et al. "Evidence for susceptibility genes to familial Wilms tumour in addition to WT1, FWT1 and FWT2". British Journal of Cancer 83, n.º 2 (julio de 2000): 177–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1054/bjoc.2000.1283.

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Evans, Annan Boah, Aidoo Borsah Abraham y Brantson Eric Thompson. "Integrated Reservoir Characterisation for Petrophysical Flow Units Evaluation and Performance Prediction". Open Chemical Engineering Journal 13, n.º 1 (29 de octubre de 2019): 97–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874123101913010097.

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Introduction: An improved understanding of complex clastic reservoirs has led to more detailed reservoir description using integrated approach. In this study, we implemented cluster analysis, geostatistical methods, reservoir quality indicator technique and reservoir simulation to characterize clastic system with complex pore architecture and heterogeneity. Methods: Model based clustering technique from Ward’s analytical algorithm was utilised to transform relationship between core and calculated well logs for paraflow units (PFUs) classification in terms of porosity, permeability and pore throat radius of the reservoir. The architecture of the reservoir at pore scale is described using flow zone indicator (FZI) values and the significant flow units characterized adopting the reservoir quality index (RQI) method. The reservoir porosity, permeability, oil saturation and pressure for delineated flow units were distributed stochastically in 2D numerical models utilising geostatistical conditional simulation. In addition, production behaviour of the field is predicted using history matching. Dynamic models were built for field water cut (FWCT), total field water production (FWPT) and field gas-oil-ratio (FGOR) and history matched, considering a number of simulation runs. Results: Results obtained showed a satisfactory match between the proposed models and history data, describing the production behaviour of the field. The average FWCT peaked at 78.9% with FWPT of 10 MMSTB. Consequently, high FGOR of 6.8 MSCF/STB was obtained. Conclusion: The integrated reservoir characterisation approach used in this study has provided the framework for defining productive zones and a better understanding of flow characteristics including spatial distribution of continuous and discrete reservoir properties for performance prediction of sandstone reservoir.

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Prachgosin, Tulaya, Wipawan Leelasamran, Pruittikorn Smithmaitrie y Surapong Chatpun. "Effect of total-contact orthosis on medial longitudinal arch and lower extremities in flexible flatfoot subjects during walking". Prosthetics and Orthotics International 41, n.º 6 (19 de febrero de 2017): 579–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309364617691621.

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Background: Total-contact orthosis (TCO) is one kind of foot orthosis (FO) that is used to adjust biomechanics in flexible flatfoot. Objective: To determine the effects of a TCO on the MLA moment, MLA deformation angle and lower limb biomechanics. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Seven-flatfoot and thirteen-normal foot subjects were recruited by footprint and radiographs. The biomechanics of subjects with normal foot (NF), flatfoot with shoe only (FWOT) and flatfoot with TCO (FWT) were collected in a 3D motion analysis laboratory and force plates. The MLA and lower limb biomechanics in each condition during specific sub-phases of stance were analyzed. Results: The NF had larger MLA eversion moment after shod walking ( p = 0.001). The FWT condition compared with the FWOT condition had a significantly larger peak MLA upward moment ( p = 0.035) during pre-swing, larger peak knee external rotation angle ( p = 0.040) during mid stance, smaller peak knee extension moment during terminal stance ( p = 0.035) and a larger ground reaction force in the anterior-posterior direction during early stance ( p < 0.05). Conclusion: Our study found positive effects from the customized TCOs which included an increased TCO angle that led to a decreased peak MLA moment in the frontal plane in flexible flatfoot subjects during walking. Clinical relevance Lower limb biomechanics is different from normal in subjects with flexible flatfoot. The design of a TCO affects MLA, ankle and knee biomechanics and may be used to clinically correct biomechanical changes in flexible flatfoot.

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Gaches, Whitney G., Glenn B. Fain, Donald J. Eakes, Charles H. Gilliam y Jeff L. Sibley. "Comparison of Aged and Fresh WholeTree as a Substrate Component for Production of Greenhouse-Grown Annuals". Journal of Environmental Horticulture 29, n.º 1 (1 de marzo de 2011): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-29.1.39.

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Abstract WholeTree (WT) is a potential renewable greenhouse substrate component created by chipping and milling all aboveground portions of a pine tree (Pinus taeda L.). While research regarding the viability of WT as an alternative substrate component is widely available to growers, the potential benefits of aging WT remain unclear. The growth of Dreams White petunia (Petunia ×hybrida ‘Dreams White’) and Little Hero Yellow marigold (Tagetes patula ‘Little Hero Yellow’) in 1:1 (by vol) fresh WT:peat (FWTP) and 1:1 (by vol) aged WT:peat (AWTP), as well as physical properties of AWTP and FWTP were evaluated. For Experiment 1, AWTP had 17.6% particles greater than 3.2 mm as opposed to 12.4% for FWTP. In Experiment 2, this trend was reversed with 8.1% of AWTP particles greater than 3.2 mm and 20.4% for FWTP. For Experiment 1, AWTP had 90.5% total porosity (TP) as compared to 94.4% with FWTP. Air Space (AS) for AWTP was less than FWTP; AWTP had 10% more container capacity (CC) than FWTP. Bulk Density (BD) was similar in Experiment 1. There was no difference in TP in Experiment 2; however, all other physical properties followed a similar trend to Experiment 1. In both experiments marigolds grown in AWTP generally had a lower leachate pH and a higher EC than those grown in FWTP; a trend which was similar in petunia although differences were not present throughout the entire study. Marigolds grown in AWTP had 33% more blooms and 44% greater dry weight than those grown in FWTP, a trend similar in petunias. Aged WT in this study provided a more suitable substrate component for greenhouse grown marigolds and petunias than fresh WT.

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Pan, Jie, Li-Ping Li, Chang-Qing Yu, Zhu-Hong You, Zhong-Hao Ren y Jing-Yu Tang. "FWHT-RF: A Novel Computational Approach to Predict Plant Protein-Protein Interactions via an Ensemble Learning Method". Scientific Programming 2021 (22 de julio de 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/1607946.

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Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) in plants are crucial for understanding biological processes. Although high-throughput techniques produced valuable information to identify PPIs in plants, they are usually expensive, inefficient, and extremely time-consuming. Hence, there is an urgent need to develop novel computational methods to predict PPIs in plants. In this article, we proposed a novel approach to predict PPIs in plants only using the information of protein sequences. Specifically, plants’ protein sequences are first converted as position-specific scoring matrix (PSSM); then, the fast Walsh–Hadamard transform (FWHT) algorithm is used to extract feature vectors from PSSM to obtain evolutionary information of plant proteins. Lastly, the rotation forest (RF) classifier is trained for prediction and produced a series of evaluation results. In this work, we named this approach FWHT-RF because FWHT and RF are used for feature extraction and classification, respectively. When applying FWHT-RF on three plants’ PPI datasets Maize, Rice, and Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis), the average accuracies of FWHT-RF using 5-fold cross validation were achieved as high as 95.20%, 94.42%, and 83.85%, respectively. To further evaluate the predictive power of FWHT-RF, we compared it with the state-of-art support vector machine (SVM) and K-nearest neighbor (KNN) classifier in different aspects. The experimental results demonstrated that FWHT-RF can be a useful supplementary method to predict potential PPIs in plants.

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Maali Amiri, Mojtaba, Milad Shadman y Segen F. Estefen. "A Review of Numerical and Physical Methods for Analyzing the Coupled Hydro–Aero–Structural Dynamics of Floating Wind Turbine Systems". Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 12, n.º 3 (24 de febrero de 2024): 392. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse12030392.

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Recently, more wind turbine systems have been installed in deep waters far from the coast. Several concepts of floating wind turbine systems (FWTS) have been developed, among which, the semi-submersible platform—due to its applicability in different water depths, good hydrodynamic performance, and facility in the installation process—constitutes the most explored technology compared to the others. However, a significant obstacle to the industrialization of this technology is the design of a cost-effective FWTS, which can be achieved by optimizing the geometry, size, and weight of the floating platform, together with the mooring system. This is only possible by selecting a method capable of accurately analyzing the FWTS-coupled hydro–aero–structural dynamics at each design stage. Accordingly, this paper provides a detailed overview of the most commonly coupled numerical and physical methods—including their basic assumptions, formulations, limitations, and costs used for analyzing the dynamics of FWTS, mainly those supported by a semi-submersible—to assist in the choice of the most suitable method at each design phase of the FWTS. Finally, this article discusses possible future research directions to address the challenges in modeling FWTS dynamics that persist to date.

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Tesis sobre el tema "FWTT"

Hammoud, Oussama. "Étude de l’agressivité des pneumatiques sur les couches de roulement des structures routières". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023STRAD055.

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Le projet ANR BINARY vise à améliorer la compréhension et l'évaluation des mécanismes de détérioration des couches de roulement de chaussées sous trafic. Ce projet se concentre sur : i) l'arrachement des granulats d’enrobé bitumineux ; ii) la fissuration descendante ; iii) essayer de comprendre les contraintes et déformations impliquées ; iv) étudier l'influence des interfaces entre les couches d'enrobé ; et v) améliorer la prédiction de leur durée de vie.Avec le vieillissement du réseau routier, il est crucial d'avoir une meilleure connaissance des mécanismes de dégradation des couches de roulement. Les normes actuelles pour le dimensionnement des structures de chaussée couvrent l'adhérence, la texture et l'uniformité, mais ne définissent pas des critères mécaniques pour garantir la durabilité des couches subissant les charges du trafic.Cette thèse cherche à approfondir notre connaissance des matériaux bitumineux, notamment les couches de surface. Elle vise aussi à comprendre comment les conditions de charge, la température et la vitesse affectent ces matériaux, neufs et vieillis. Des tests expérimentaux ont été effectués et une modélisation combine les approches des éléments finis (FEM) et des éléments discrets (DEM) pour reproduire ces essais de laboratoire. Enfin, l'interaction pneu-chaussée fait l'objet d'une étude avec une nouvelle approche numérique pour offrir une simulation en conditions plus réalistes
The ANR BINARY project aims to enhance the understanding and assessment of the mechanisms causing deterioration in road pavement layers under traffic. This project focuses on i) the stripping of bituminous mix aggregates; ii) downward cracking; iii) attempting to comprehend the involved stresses and deformations; iv) studying the influence of interfaces between asphalt layers; and v) improving the prediction of their service life.With the aging of the road network, it is crucial to have a better understanding of the degradation mechanisms of pavement layers. Current standards for designing road structures cover adhesion, texture, and uniformity but do not define mechanical criteria to ensure the durability of layers subjected to traffic loads.This thesis seeks to deepen our knowledge of bituminous materials, especially surface layers. It also aims to understand how loading conditions, temperature, and speed affect these materials, both when new and aged. Experimental tests have been conducted, and a modeling approach combines finite element (FEM) and discrete element (DEM) methods to replicate these laboratory tests. Finally, tire-road interaction is studied with a novel numerical approach to provide a simulation under more realistic conditions

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Rahman, Nazneen. "Localisation and characterisation of the familial tumour gene, FWT1". Thesis, Institute of Cancer Research (University Of London), 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.314056.

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Jain, Rahul. "Carbon nanotube reinforced polyacrylonitrile and poly(etherketone) fibers". Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/28257.

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Thesis (M. S.)--Polymer, Textile and Fiber Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009.
Committee Chair: Kumar, Satish; Committee Member: Bucknall, David; Committee Member: Griffin, Anselm; Committee Member: Shofner, Meisha; Committee Member: Yushin, Gleb

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Libros sobre el tema "FWTT"

Sadler, Marilyn. Ump's fwat: An annual report for young people. Richmond, Va: Academy for Economic Education, 1993.

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1943-, Wilke Jürgen, ed. Agenturen im Nachrichtenmarkt: Reuters, AFP, VWD/dpa, dpa-fwt, KNA, epd, Reuters Television, Worldwide Television News, Dritte Welt-Agenturen. Köln: Böhlau, 1993.

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Multisensor Image Registration Utilizing The LoG Filter and FWT. Storming Media, 2003.

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Antriebssysteme fur die Gerate- und Kraftfahrzeugtechnik: Vortrage der ETG/FWT-Fachtagung vom 8. bis 9. Marz 1988 in Bad Nauheim. Berlin: vde-verlag, 1988.

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Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "FWTT"

Dhar, Pranab Kumar y Tetsuya Shimamura. "Audio Watermarking Based on FWHT and LUD". En Advances in Audio Watermarking Based on Matrix Decomposition, 33–41. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15726-5_4.

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Dhar, Pranab Kumar y Tetsuya Shimamura. "LWT-Based Audio Watermarking Using FWHT and SVD". En Advances in Audio Watermarking Based on Matrix Decomposition, 11–22. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15726-5_2.

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Soni, Badal y Pradip K. Das. "Blur Invariant Block-Based CMFD System Using FWHT Features". En Image Copy-Move Forgery Detection, 43–50. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-9041-9_4.

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Ghuli, Anand, Dayanand G. Savakar y Shivanand Pujar. "Multiple Digital Image Watermarking Using SWT, FWHT and R, G, B Channel". En Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 343–50. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6067-5_38.

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Ryser, Rudolph Carl, Dina Gilio-Whitaker y Heidi G. Bruce. "Fourth World Theory and Methods of Inquiry". En Handbook of Research on Theoretical Perspectives on Indigenous Knowledge Systems in Developing Countries, 50–84. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0833-5.ch003.

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Fourth World Theory (FWT) emerged in the experience of political leaders and scholars seeking to explain the position of non-state nations and peoples in their political and sometimes violent interactions with other non-state nations and with states' governments that pursue dominance and control over territories and peoples inside claimed boundaries. The conceptual framework of FWT is rooted in the dynamic and evolving relationships between people, the land and the cosmos. Authors explain the globally shared Four Directions metaphor as symbolic of the relational connection of human experience with the land and the cosmos; and how this emblematic instrument blends qualitative, quantitative and relational reasoning to apply knowledge systems that have local, regional and global applications. The authors seek to present a tested conceptual framework that permits one to explain social, economic, political, environmental, strategic and cultural phenomena blending indigenous scientific knowledge with conventional sciences.

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Aboutalebi, Payam, Fares M’zoughi, Izaskun Garrido y Aitor J. Garrido. "Nueva estrategia de control para la reducción de oscilaciones en turbinas eólicas flotantes". En XLII JORNADAS DE AUTOMÁTICA : LIBRO DE ACTAS, 37–44. Servizo de Publicacións da UDC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17979/spudc.9788497498043.037.

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En este trabajo se ha propuesto una nueva estrategia de control para mejorar la estabilidad de turbinas eólicas flotantes (FWT). Al objeto de estudiar la reducción de oscilaciones no deseadas en el sistema, y en particular en los movimientos de cabeceo de la plataforma y de proa-popa de la nacelle, se ha considerado una plataforma tipo barcaza de forma cuadrada y equipada con cuatro columnas de agua oscilantes (OWC) colocadas de manera simétrica. De esta forma, las válvulas de control de flujo de aire de las cámaras de captura permiten operar las citadas columnas de aire para controlar los movimientos de la barcaza causados por la dinámica oscilatoria de la ola incidente. Para ello, se ha efectuado un análisis de los operadores de amplitud de respuesta (RAO) que permite implementar una nueva estrategia de control de conmutación para regular adecuadamente la transición apertura/cierre de las válvulas de control de flujo. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que la topología de plataforma híbrida propuesta, dotada de sistemas controlados OWC, presenta un mejor rendimiento que una plataforma análoga tradicional.

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Dautro, Grazziany Moreira, Nathalya Marillya de Andrade Silva, Ana Lúcia Luna de Oliveira, Érica Caldas Silva de Oliveira y Karla Patrícia de Oliveira Luna. "Social representations of the environment: A study at the weir spa in Santa Rita-PB, Brazil". En Essential studies focused on development area. Seven Editora, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56238/iesfodav1-104.

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The study of Social Representations in Environmental Education has aroused interest in the Scientific community as it has been a way of understanding the behavior of individuals in relation to the Environment. In this sense this research sought to know and understand the social representations of the Environment built by residents, passers-by and frequenters of Balneário do Açude - Santa Rita - PB, Brazil. The instruments used for data collection were a questionnaire with questions or approaches to characterize the socio demographic profile of employees, the Free Word Association Test (FWAT) with an inductive term environment, and unsystematic observation. The analysis of the data obtained was performed using the IRAMUTEQ software as well as the Content Analysis technique, used to build the categories of environmental perception (naturalist, health care, sustainable, affective, managerial) based on the semantic-lexical criterion. The results indicated that the social representations of the environment are formed by nature, its resources, and a concern with the cleanliness and preservation of the environment, a fact confirmed by the apprehension of the environmental perception. It is possible to verify a coherence between the captured SR and the conduct and behavior of these actors in favor of environmental conservation, as well as a degree of awareness of environmental degradation and a certain willingness to take care of this environment, which in his speech has historicalaffective value.

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Maity, Santi P. "Spread Spectrum Watermarking". En Digital Rights Management, 559–88. IGI Global, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-2136-7.ch026.

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Spread spectrum (SS) watermarking has proven to be efficient, robust and cryptographically secure. Each bit of watermark information is embedded over wide spectrum of the host signal based on spectrum spreading concept of SS modulation in digital communication and can easily be integrated with many existing data transmission scheme. This has made SS watermarking method more attractive during recent times for many non-conventional applications such as broadcast monitoring, security in communication, authentication and blind assessment of quality of services (QoS) for multimedia signals in mobile radio network. These applications essentially demand development of low cost algorithms so that they can be implemented on real time system through hardware realization. Hardware realization offers advantages over software realization in terms of less area, low execution time, low power, real-time performance, high reliability and also ease of integration with existing consumer electronics devices. This chapter first presents a brief review on hardware implementation of digital watermarking algorithms, followed by development of hardware architecture for spatial domain and fast Walsh transform (FWT) domain SS watermark system design using field programmable gate array (FPGA). A brief sketch on hardware implementation for biorthogonal wavelet based Hilbert transform is also shown that may be extended to design SS watermarking based on the concept of two previous architectures. Few challenges for hardware design of watermarking algorithms are then mentioned with an objective to give an idea how to develop watermarking algorithms so that it can be implemented on hardware. The chapter ends with few open research problems on hardware architecture as scope of future research work.

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Maity, Santi P. "Spread Spectrum Watermarking". En Advanced Techniques in Multimedia Watermarking, 455–85. IGI Global, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-61520-903-3.ch018.

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Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "FWTT"

Snaiki, Reda y Teng Wu. "Hurricane risk assessment of offshore wind turbines under changing climate". En IABSE Congress, Ghent 2021: Structural Engineering for Future Societal Needs. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/ghent.2021.0241.

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<p>Offshore wind energy is attracting increasing attention across the North America. However, the offshore wind turbines along the East Coast are extremely vulnerable to hurricane-induced hazards. The vulnerability to hurricanes is expected to change due to global warming’s effects. This study quantifies the risk of floating wind turbines (FWTs) subjected to hurricane hazards under current and future climate scenarios. The hurricane hazard estimation is achieved using a hurricane track model which generates a large synthetic database of hurricanes allowing for accurate risk estimation. The structural response of the FWTs during each hurricane event is obtained using an efficient physics-based 3-D model. The case study results involving a parked FWT indicate that the change in hurricane-induced risk, evaluated in terms of the magnification factor, to the FWTs would significantly increase with the intensity measure.</p>

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Wang, Shuaishuai y Torgeir Moan. "Serviceability Limit State Assessment of Semi-Submersible Floating Wind Turbines". En ASME 2023 42nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2023-108172.

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Abstract The design of a floating wind turbine (FWT) should satisfy the serviceability limit state (SLS) requirement for an efficient and safe operation throughout the entire work life. The SLS requirements are introduced by the owner/developer of the wind turbine facility to achieve serviceability (production of power) or an efficient operation of the facility or a “first step” towards ensuring safety. However, the owner/developer proposes the limiting values in terms of serviceability mainly according to the experience of onshore wind turbines or offshore oil and gas facilities, which are not well applicable to FWTs due to the different load characteristics and functions. Design standards or guidelines for SLS of FWTs are slowly emerging but are still not mature, and only to some extent refer to serviceability requirements. A good understanding of wind turbine dynamic performance associated with serviceability is essential to facilitate design decision-making. This study deals with an assessment of methods and criteria for the SLS design check with an emphasis on tilt/pitch and nacelle accelerations. Emphasis is placed on assessment from conceptual to detailed design. A 10-MW semi-submersible FWT is used in a case study. The floater geometry is obtained from a conceptual design conducted by Li et al. [1]. Simplified static/dynamic analysis methods for use in the conceptual design phase and high fidelity integrated, dynamic analysis methods for detailed design in terms of serviceability are presented, discussed and applied in the case study. The relative contribution of wind and wave loads to the different SLS criteria is investigated. Finally, the main conclusions are summarized. The study aims at providing a basis for improving design standards and guiding research and engineering practice for the semi-submersible floater design of FWTs.

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Wen, Binrong, Qi Zhang, Haoxue Liu, Xinliang Tian, Xingjian Dong, Zhike Peng, Yongsheng Zhao y Yufeng Kou. "An Experimental Apparatus for Investigating the Unsteady Aerodynamics of a Floating Wind Turbine". En ASME 2019 38th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-95915.

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Abstract In our prior investigations, extensive numerical simulations have been conducted to reveal the unsteady aerodynamics of Floating Wind Turbine (FWT). To validate the simulation results and further deepen the corresponding topics, a dedicated experimental apparatus has been developed by the State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration (SKL-MSV) and State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering (SKL-OE) at Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU). The main modules of the test bed include a dedicated Wind Generation System (WGS), a Model Wind Turbine (MWT), a 6-DOF (Degree Of Freedom) Motion Control Platform (MCP) and an integrated measurement system. The WGS is able to generate controlled flows with different wind speeds, turbulence intensities, and horizontal/ vertical wind shears. The MWT is equipped with Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors on the blade surface to monitor the operating conditions. The MCP is developed to generate controlled oscillations to the MWT aiming to model the oscillation of the FWT in offshore environments. The measurement system includes a torque sensor, two 6-DOF load cells, a 3-DOF accelerator, 2 FBG-fibers each with 3 FBG sensors, and a Wake Detection System (WDS) consisting of 6 hot-wire probes. Extensive calibrations are conducted for the WGS and the transducers. Some primary results about the unsteady aerodynamics of the FWT are presented. In the future, the MCP will be replaced by a floating platform to conduct the tests in the wave tank at SKL-OE to reveal the fully coupled dynamics of FWTs.

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Yang, Can, Longfei Xiao, Peng Chen y Zhengshun Cheng. "Effects of Controller Dynamics on Aerodynamic Damping of a Semi-Submersible Floating Wind Turbine". En ASME 2023 42nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2023-101929.

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Abstract Aerodynamic damping is essential in suppressing resonant responses of a floating wind turbine (FWT) under operation conditions. However, aerodynamic damping has not been investigated thoroughly due to its nonlinearity, interaction with floater motions, and effects on controller dynamics. The effects of controller dynamics have been explored in the present study to understand aerodynamic damping better using fully coupled time-domain simulations. The aerodynamic damping in surge and pitch motions are obtained through the comparisons of decay tests with and without wind actions in still water with verification against results from the model tests. Results show that under over-rated wind speed conditions, the blade-pitch controller can affect the aerodynamic damping. In addition, the aerodynamic damping in surge motion is not sensitive to the natural frequencies of the blade-pitch controller. However, the aerodynamic damping in pitch motion has a strong dependence on the controller’s natural frequency. Through reasonably tuning the controller gains, the negative aerodynamic damping effect can be well mitigated. The outcomes of the present study can provide insight into aerodynamic damping and the controller design of FWTs.

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Vita, Luca, G. K. V. Ramachandran, Antonia Krieger, Marit I. Kvittem, Daniel Merino, John Cross-Whiter y Benjamin B. Ackers. "Comparison of Numerical Models and Verification Against Experimental Data, Using Pelastar TLP Concept". En ASME 2015 34th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2015-41874.

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The analysis of a FWT is a complex problem, which requires advanced tools. Several numerical solutions have been used to couple hydrodynamics and aerodynamics and some of the available numerical tools have been compared in code-to-code comparisons. However the code validation for analysis of FWTs is limited by the number of available experimental data. In the present article, DNV GL and Glosten present a code comparison of four numerical tools against model test results. The design used for the analysis is the Pelastar Tension Leg Platform (TLP) by Glosten. A 1/50 downscaled model of the platform and NREL-5 MW wind turbine was tested in MARIN ocean basin. The results from the model tests are used to verify the results from the numerical codes. The FWT is modelled using four different codes: HAWC2 (by DTU and used by DNV GL), BLADED (by DNV GL and used by DNV GL), SIMA (by Marintek and used by DNV GL) and ORCAFLEX (by Orcina and used by Glosten). Although differences exist among these codes, comparable approaches have been used. Results from the numerical codes are compared against the experimental data, in terms of: - Natural periods - Response in regular waves - Response in irregular waves - Response in irregular waves with aerodynamic loads. In general, the results show a good agreement between the different numerical models and all the codes are capable to reproduce the main dynamics of the system. Some deviations were found and should be solved, in order to use these models for a detailed analysis. However these differences do not seem to be due to limitations of the codes and they might be solvable with a more accurate model of the system.

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Wang, Shuaishuai y Torgeir Moan. "Initial Global Design for Three-Column Semi-Submersible Hulls of a 15-MW Floating Wind Turbine". En ASME 2023 5th International Offshore Wind Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/iowtc2023-119504.

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Abstract Support structure design of floating wind turbines (FWTs) is an iterative process, which can be accomplished into three phases, named 1) selecting of floater type (barge, semi, spar, TLP, etc.); 2) determining global dimensions for a given floater type; 3) determining scantlings of the floater based on detailed design. This study deals with the design phase 2), namely initial global design, for a three-column semi-submersible hull for a 15-MW FWT. An efficient and effective methodology, which was developed by authors in a previous study and successfully used for the global design of a 10-MW semi-submersible floater, is used in this case study. The initial global design criteria include simplified serviceability criteria related to the power performance as well as safety criteria in terms of intact stability and indirect global strength criteria through requirements to natural frequencies of rigid-body motions. First, a sensitivity study will be conducted to various design variables of the floater, including draft, column centerline spacing, outer column radius, outer pontoon radius, pontoon width and pontoon height. Based on the sensitivity study, important global design parameters are recognized for the floater, which facilitates the determination of initial design options. Subsequently, the intact stability analysis is performed for the selected design options for different wind directions. Critical load directions of the floater will be identified. In addition, the influence of deck beam dimensions and freeboard on intact stability is investigated. Finally, the global layouts of the floater are assessed based on global design criteria. This study provides new insights into the quasi-static or/and dynamic behavior of the promising FWT concept, which is essential to achieve serviceability and safety. In addition, it provides a basis for carrying out the detailed design to determine the scantlings in the third design phase.

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Wu, Junyi y Nian-Zhong Chen. "Fracture Mechanics Based Fatigue Assessment for a Spar-Type Floating Wind Turbine". En ASME 2017 36th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2017-61568.

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Floating wind turbines (FWTs) are exposed to dynamic and cyclic environmental loads during their service life. Fatigue assessment has become an important aspect in the design phase of a FWT. A fracture mechanics (FM) based fatigue assessment was performed for the 12 points around the tower base of a 5 MW floating wind turbine supported on a spar platform. The aligned wind and waves are selected as environmental conditions for the fatigue assessment. The stress ranges on the wind turbine tower base are achieved through a rainflow counting method based on the results from the time-domain analysis using the FAST software. A comparison between fatigue lives predicted by the FM and S-N curves based approaches is made. The impact of the variation of initial crack depth, critical crack depth and stress concentration factors (SCFs) on the ratio of the fatigue life predicted by two approaches is investigated. The study shows that the fatigue life predicted by the FM based approach is more conservative than that predicted by the S-N curves based approach and also the fatigue life is highly sensitive to the material constant of Paris Law C and SCFs.

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Ustubioglu, Arda, Guzin Ulutas y Beste Ustubioglu. "Watermarking medical images with IDWT-FWHT". En 2018 26th Signal Processing and Communications Applications Conference (SIU). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/siu.2018.8404511.

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Martínez, José Manuel Brotons. "The Economic Productivity of Water in Agriculture based on Ordered Weighted Average Operators". En 8th International Conference on Signal, Image Processing and Embedded Systems (SIGEM 2022). Academy and Industry Research Collaboration Center (AIRCC), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/csit.2022.122015.

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Water productivity is one of the main indicators used in agriculture. Price of water change from some regions where the price is free to other with a very high price. When water productivity is measured in Euros, to make comparable the results of the regions where the price is free, we need to obtain a correct measurement, which will require setting a market price for water in areas where no price has yet been set. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to propose new productivity indicators based on fuzzy logic, whereby experts’ opinions about the possible price of the use of water as well as the annual variability of agricultural prices can be added. Therefore, the fuzzy willingness to pay (FWTP) and fuzzy willingness to accept (FWTA) methodology will be applied to create an artificial water market. The use of fuzzy logic will allow the uncertainty inherent in the experts’ answers to be collected. Ordered Weighted Averaging (OWA) operators and their different extensions will allow different aggregations based on the sentiment or interests reflected by the experts. These same aggregators, applied to the prices of the products at origin, will make it possible to create new indicators of the economic productivity of water. Finally, through an empirical application for a pepper crop in south-eastern Spain we can visualize the importance of the different indicators and their influence on the final results.

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