Tesis sobre el tema "Functional communites"
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Beauvais, Maxime. "Long term seasonality of microbial vitamin B1 and B12 metabolisms and their potential interplay in the Northwestern Mediterranean Sea". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS641.
Texto completoThe environment shapes marine microbial assemblages that drive ocean biogeochemical cycles, but biotic interactions are also strong community structuring factors. Marine microbial communities are dynamic systems of co-occurring species structured as a complex network of interactions, including microbe to environment and microbe to microbe connections. B-vitamins are essential cofactors of critical cellular processes, and most marine microbes, including many phytoplankton species require an exogenous source of vitamins or precursors to grow (i.e., vitamin or precursor auxotrophs). Despite their ecological importance, B1 and B12 are scarce in most oceanic and coastal regions. Together, the widespread vitamin scarcity observed in oceans and the high incidence of vitamin auxotrophy raises the question of how vitamin auxotrophs ensure their vitamin requirements in a large and diluted environment? This question remains largely unanswered as the seasonality of vitamin auxotrophs and their interplay with vitamin producers remain poorly studied. To tackle these knowledge gaps, we conducted a 7 years monthly metagenomic time series in the coastal NW Mediterranean Sea (SOLA station) to assess the long-term seasonality of planktonic prokaryotic communities, with a focus on B1 and B12 metabolisms and their potential interplay over time.First, we highlighted a seasonal succession of different organisms which could use distinct biosynthesis pathways to produce B12 de-novo along the year. In summer, bacteria belonging to the genera HIMB11, UBA8309 and Puniceispirillum could use the aerobic B12 production pathway, while in winter, Thaumarchaeota belonging to Nitrosopumilus and Nitrosopelagicus genera could use the anaerobic B12 production pathway. Then, we show that during irregular environmental perturbations observed in winter at SOLA station, organisms usually carrying B12 synthesis genes are replaced by others with the same gene (i.e., functional redundancy), thus maintaining the potential for B12 production. Such ecological insurance could contribute to the long-term functional resilience of marine microbial communities exposed to contrasting inter-annual environmental conditions. Secondly, we showed that SOLA prokaryotic communities were dominated by HMP auxotrophs (Pelagibacter, AAA536-G10, Litoricola), which had higher abundances in summer together with the rarer dual HET/HMP auxotrophs (HIMB59, HIMB100, Octadecabacter), and by B1 auxotrophs (HIMB11, Puniceispirillum), which were present throughout the year. At SOLA, we reported a larger contribution of B1 producers than previously reported in other regions, including bacteria (Pseudothioglobus, MB11C04), cyanobacteria (Synechococcus, Prochlorococcus) and archaea (Nitrosopumilus, Nitrosopelagicus). Bioassays experiments using showed multiple vitamin and precursor limitations periods in SOLA seawater during winter months. Moreover, the addition of vitamins and precursors had a significant impact on prokaryotic community structure in our microcosm’s experiments, especially in February. Different ASVs were selectively promoted by different conditions during the winter/spring transition (B12, H+C and B1+B12). However, the differential response of communities remains difficult to disentangle, given that both vitamin auxotrophs and prototrophs were promoted during our incubations. Finally, by assembling high-quality metagenome assembled genomes (MAGs) and identifying their B1 and B12 lifestyles, we highlight strong and recurrent co-occurrence patterns between vitamin auxotrophs and producers reflecting different potential functional complementarities between them depending on the season. Double complementarity for B1 and for B12 was prevalent in summer co-occurrences networks (e.g., B1/B12 auxotroph co-occur with B1/B12 prototroph), while simple complementarity for B1 or B12 was prevalent in winter co-occurrences (e.g., B1 auxotroph / B12 producer co-occur with B1 producer/B12 auxotroph)
Dickens, Helen Elizabeth. "Functional attributes of biodiversity in decomposer communities". Thesis, University of Exeter, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.326955.
Texto completoBrower, Sarah Curran. "RELATING DENITRIFIER COMMUNITY COMPOSITION TO FUNCTION IN FRESHWATER WETLANDS: THE INFLUENCE OF HYDROLOGY AND INTRASPECIFIC FUNCTIONAL VARIATION". Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1385384882.
Texto completoRockler, Briana E. "Communities partnering with researchers: an evaluation of coalition function in a community-engaged research approach". Thesis, Kansas State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/19143.
Texto completoHuman Nutrition
Sandra B. Procter
Background: Engaging community has become a fundamental approach to improving health outcomes in resource-limited settings. Community coalitions, comprised of resident activists that mobilize to improve local conditions, are frequently utilized as partners for community-engaged research. However, there is limited research that documents how these partnerships affect the coalitions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of researcher-coalition collaboration in the pilot year of a four-year intervention program targeting childhood obesity in rural, low-income communities. Methods: Twelve pre-established community coalitions from seven states were selected to partner with academic researchers in a quasi-experimental study, and then assigned to either the control (n=6) or intervention (n=6) group. Both study arms received funding and access to a menu of evidence-based tools, but the intervention groups were also provided a trained community coach. Member survey data from a Coalition Self-Assessment Survey (CSAS) tool was completed at baseline and at one-year follow-up. Results: CSAS data were analyzed to identify factors related to coalition function and efficacy, and significant changes in both experimental groups were identified. Change in measures of membership recruitment, coalition capacity and coalition communication were unique to the intervention group. Problems for participation were alleviated significantly on all measures in the control group. Comparison of the study groups at follow-up demonstrated that greater research involvement positively impacted membership recruitment and coalition action plan. Conclusion: The data suggest that coalitions with a higher degree of partnership interaction may be more successful in addressing problems impacting their communities.
Barnes, Andrew David. "The Impact of Edge Effects & Matrix Restoration on Dung Beetle Community Structure & Ecosystem Function". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Biological Sciences, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/6265.
Texto completoNefas, Saulius. "Functional local community in Lithuanian villages and towns". Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2008. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2007~D_20080211_091643-52976.
Texto completoInformacija apie disertacijos autorių: Saulius Nefas( 8 gruodžio 1960) 1978 baigė Ukmergės raj Taujėnų vidurinę mokyklą, 1978 – 1983 studijavo Vilniaus pedagoginiame institute ir įgijo istorijos mokytojo specialybę. 1997 – 2002 sociologijos studijos Vilniaus pedagoginiame universitete. Darbinė patirtis: 1983 – 1990 istorijos mokytojas Anykščių rajono Viešintų ir Anykščių Antano Vienuolio vidurinėse mokyklose. 1990 – 1995 ir 2000 – 2004 Anykščių Antano Vienuolio gimnazijos direktorius. 1995-2000 - Anykščių rajono meras. 2004 - Lietuvos Respublikos seimo narys. Nuo 2005 metų dirba lektoriumi M. Romerio universiteto Viešojo administravimo fakultete. REZIUMĖ Šiuolaikiniame pasaulyje pastebime, kaip kinta žmonių mąstysena, drauge ir įvairių socialinių grupių saviorganizacijos veiksniai. Tradicinės ideologijos vis mažiau beatspindi daugumos žmonių mąstymą, pastebime, kad įsivyraujant neribotam pliuralizmui išryškėja naujos idėjos. Kartais tai būna atgimusios senos, anksčiau gyvavusios idėjos. Pavyzdys – komunitarizmo idėja, dalies šalininkų įsitikinimu, jau nusipelnanti ideologijos vardo. <...> Nagrinėdami komunitarų idėjas, matome, kad daugelį jų galime rasti ir konservatorių, ir krikščionių demokratų, ir socialistų utopistų ar net anarchistų – komunistų ideologijose“ Todėl šiuolaikiniam žmogui būtina atsirinkti iš daugybės ryškių ir ne tokių ryškių ideologinių nuostatų ir išspręsti dvigubą uždavinį: identifikuoti naujas vertybes dažnai sietinas su vienu „naujosios viešosios... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
Tolonen, K. (Katri). "Taxonomic and functional organization of macroinvertebrate communities in subarctic streams". Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2018. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526217673.
Texto completoTiivistelmä Lajeihin ja lajien toiminnallisiin lajiominaisuuksiin pohjautuva ekologinen tutkimus tuo uutta tietoa biologisten yhteisöjen taustalla vaikuttavista tekijöistä. Yleisesti yhteisöjen rakentumiseen vaikuttavat niin deterministiset kuin stokastiset ympäristössä vaikuttavat tekijät. Virtavesiyhteisöjen on perinteisesti ajateltu rakentuneen niin sanottujen ympäristösuodattimien mukaisesti, jolloin ympäristön vaihtelu suodattaa tietynlaisiin ympäristöihin vain lajit, joilla on tarvittavat ominaisuudet paikalla selviytyäkseen. Useat viimeaikaiset tutkimukset ovat kuitenkin osoittaneet virtavesiyhteisöissä elävien lajien esiintymisen vaihtelevan ympäristössä myös itsenäisesti erilaisista stokastisista, kuten lajien dispersaaliin vaikuttavista, tekijöistä johtuen. Tässä väitöstutkimuksessa tutkin näiden determinististen ja stokastisten ympäristötekijöiden suhteellisia vaikutuksia taksonomisesti ja toiminnallisesti luokiteltujen pohjaeläinyhteisöjen rakentumiseen pohjoisissa virtavesissä. Myös yksittäisten lajiominaisuuksien ja toiminnallisten yhteisöjen suhde pohjoisten virtavesien ympäristöolosuhteisiin oli tarkastelun alla. Tutkimuksen tulokset antoivat viitteitä siitä, että ympäristössä toimivat stokastiset ja lajien dispersaaliin liittyvät tekijät vaikuttaisivat voimakkaammin taksonomisesti luokiteltujen yhteisöjen vaihteluun, kun taas toiminnallisesti luokitellut yhteisöt vaikuttaisivat rakentuneen enemmän determinististen ympäristöprosessien mukaisesti. Kokonaisuudessaan yhteisöt vaikuttaisivat kuitenkin rakentuneen voimakkaasti vaihtelevien ympäristöolosuhteiden ohjaamana, ja tämä vaihtelu voi estää selkeästi ennustettavien yhteisörakenteiden synnyn. Muutamia selkeitä lajiominaisuusvasteita kuitenkin löytyi, mikä antaa viitteitä ennustettavissa olevien toiminnallisten yhteisöjen olemassaolosta, mikäli yhteisöjen menestymisen kannalta merkittävimmät lajiominaisuudet vain osataan määrittää. Nämä tulokset osoittavat, miten sekä taksonomisesti että toiminnallisesti luokiteltujen yhteisöjen käyttäminen rinnakkain yhteisöekologisissa tutkimuksissa voi auttaa selventämään yhteisöjen synnyn taustalla vaikuttavia tekijöitä. Tuloksilla on merkitystä myös virtavesiyhteisöjen suojelun kannalta. Suojelutoimenpiteet tulisi kohdistaa kattamaan ympäristöolosuhteita laajasti, jotta ympäristöolosuhteiden mukaan vaihtelevat yhteisöt tulisivat parhaalla mahdollisella tavalla katetuiksi
Drerup, Samuel A. "Functional Responses of Stream Communities to Acid Mine Drainage Remediation". Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1458822356.
Texto completoKnutson, Keith. "Britain's functional approach to integration /". free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9988679.
Texto completoGiné, Garriga Maria. "Functional performance in physically frail community dwelling older adults". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Ramon Llull, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/9232.
Texto completoEl primer estudi va avaluar la fiabilitat i sensibilitat d'una versió modificada del test 'Timed Get Up and Go' (TGUG) en predir el risc de caigudes en gent major de 65 anys, emprant una aproximació quantitativa i qualitativa. El test TGUG modificat es va dissenyar com una eina per avaluar la funció física, per identificar la gent gran amb limitacions en una o més de les barreres físiques que tenen un efecte important en la independència de les persones: pèrdua de força muscular, dificultats en la marxa i alteració de l'equilibri. El segon estudi va avaluar la validesa del test TGUG modificat, determinant el grau en el que resultats del test s'associaven a altres mesures prèviament validades i utilitzades en la literatura mèdica per documentar modificacions causades per l'edat en la funcionalitat física i limitacions funcionals. En el tercer estudi, varem conduir un assaig clínic aleatori controlat d'un entrenament funcional en circuit (FCT) amb l'objectiu de determinar l'efecte d'un programa d'intervenció de 12 setmanes en reduir les mesures funcionals de fragilitat en un grup de gent gran fràgil resident a la comunitat. El segon objectiu d'aquest últim estudi va ser avaluar si aquestes millores funcionals es mantenien 6 mesos després de finalitzar la intervenció.
La implicació dels resultats del primer estudi suggereix que el temps total (segons) requerit per dur a terme el test TGUG modificat pot ser adequat per discriminar gent gran amb uns nivells alts o baixos de funcionalitat física. A més, basant-nos amb les altes correlacions obtingudes entre els components del test TGUG modificat i els tests amb els quals es va comparar, s'ha establert la validació de la nostra eina. El test és fàcil de dur a terme, requereix un temps baix d'administració, i es pot utilitzar a la pràctica clínica diària. Els resultats del tercer estudi indiquen que el programa FCT de 12 setmanes de durada basat en un treball funcional d'equilibri i força de les extremitats inferiors, dut a terme a l'atenció primària, és efectiu i els beneficis es mantenen 6 mesos després de finalitzar la intervenció en un grup de gent gran fràgil resident a la comunitat.
Per concloure, la població gran requereix una eina d'avaluació de la funció física adequada, i s'han d'aplicar intervencions que hagin demostrat ser efectives per disminuir la pèrdua funcional en aquest grup de població. Un bon cribatge lligat a intervencions de salut pública poden oferir una bona eina per reduir el deteriorament físic en gent gran en situació de risc.
En los países desarrollados, la característica demográfica actual más relevante es el envejecimiento de la población. Teniendo en cuenta el porcentaje de gente mayor y la tendencia de la población en el futuro, se considera esencial que los profesionales sanitarios y entidades responsables del sistema sanitario, establezcan estrategias que nos permitan evaluar objetivamente los individuos con un mayor déficit funcional para ofrecerles intervenciones adecuadas, y por lo tanto, nos permitan asegurar un envejecimiento más saludable y una mayor calidad de vida de la población. La reducción de las capacidades físicas es una parte importante de la atención médica de las personas mayores porqué tiene consecuencias importantes en su movilidad, mortalidad, y pérdida de independencia funcional.
En el primer estudio se evaluó la fiabilidad y sensibilidad de una versión modificada de la prueba 'Timed Get Up and Go' (TGUG) para predecir el riesgo de caídas en gente mayor de 65 años, utilizando una aproximación cuantitativa y cualitativa. La prueba TGUG modificada se diseñó como una herramienta para evaluar la función física, para identificar la gente mayor con limitaciones en una o más de las barreras físicas que tienen un efecto importante en la independencia de las personas: pérdida de fuerza muscular, dificultades en la marcha y alteraciones del equilibrio. El segundo estudio evaluó la validez de la prueba TGUG modificada, determinando el grado en que los resultados de la prueba se asociaban a otras medidas previamente validadas y utilizadas en la literatura médica para documentar modificaciones causadas por la edad en la funcionalidad física y limitaciones funcionales. En el tercer estudio, condujimos un ensayo clínico aleatorio controlado de un entrenamiento funcional en circuito (FCT) con el objetivo de determinar el efecto de un programa de intervención de 12 semanas en reducir las medidas funcionales de fragilidad en un grupo de gente mayor frágil residente en la comunidad. El segundo objetivo de éste último estudio fue evaluar si la mejoras producidas por la intervención se mantenían pasados 6 meses de su finalización.
La implicación de los resultados del primer estudio sugiere que el tiempo total (segundos) requerido para finalizar la prueba TGUG modificada puede ser adecuado para discriminar la gente mayor con niveles altos o bajos de funcionalidad física. Además, si nos basamos en las altas correlaciones obtenidas entre los componentes de la prueba TGUG modificada y las pruebas con las que se comparó, se ha establecido la validación de nuestra herramienta. La prueba es fácil de llevar a cabo, requiere un tiempo de administración bajo, y se puede utilizar en la práctica clínica diaria. Los resultados del tercer estudio indican que el programa FCT de 12 semanas de duración basado en el trabajo funcional del equilibrio y la fuerza de extremidades inferiores, llevado a cabo en la atención primaria, es efectivo y los beneficios se mantienen 6 meses después de finalizar la intervención, en un grupo de gente mayor frágil residente en la comunidad.
Para concluir, la población mayor requiere una herramienta de evaluación adecuada de la función física, y se deben aplicar intervenciones que hayan demostrado su efectividad para disminuir la pérdida funcional en este grupo de población. Un buen cribaje con intervenciones de salud pública pueden ofrecer una buena herramienta para reducir el deterioro físico en gente mayor en situación de riesgo.
In developed countries, the most relevant demographical characteristic of current times is the ageing of the population. Given the current number of old people and future expectations about elderly population's incidence, it is considered to be essential that health care professionals and responsible entities and organizations, establish strategies that allow us to objectively assess those areas with the highest functional deficits, to offer the appropriate intervention, and thus to ensure healthy ageing and higher quality of life to the greatest number of citizens possible. Functional decline is an important part of health care of the elderly because it has significant consequences for older adults in terms of morbidity, mortality, and loss of independence.
The first study assessed the reliability and sensitivity of a modified version of the 'Timed Get Up and Go' (TGUG) test in predicting fall risk, using both a quantitative and qualitative approach in individuals older than 65 years. The modified TGUG test had been developed as a physical function assessment to identify older people with impairments in one or more of the major physiological domains that have a substantial effect on the ability of older persons to remain independent: muscular weakness, and deficits in gait and balance. The second study assessed the construct validity of the modified TGUG test, determining the degree to which scores of a modified TGUG test were associated with other measures used in the literature to document age-related change in both functional performance and physiological impairment. In the third study, we conducted a randomized clinical trial of a functional circuit training program aiming to determine the effect of a 12-week structured, intervention program on reducing physical frailty measures in a group of community-dwelling physically frail elderly individuals. The secondary aim of the third study was to evaluate whether these improvements were sustained 6 months after the end of the training program.
The implications of the findings from the first study suggest that the modified TGUG test for total time (sec) may be suitable to discriminate older individuals of high and low functional levels. Furthermore, based on the strength of the correlations obtained between components of the modified TGUG and the comparison tests, concurrent, criterion validity of the modified TGUG has been indicated. The test is simple to administer, needs a short administration time, and is feasible for older people to undertake in community settings and for rehabilitation assessment in primary care. Findings from the third study indicate that a 12-week FCT program which focused on functional balance, and lower body strength-based exercises, conducted in a primary care setting is a safe, effective and sustainable intervention in older physically frail community-dwelling adults.
In conclusion, the elderly population require an appropriate physical function screening assessment, and specific proven interventions need to be put in place to maximize physical functioning once the deficit areas are known. A simple screening procedure linked with effective public health interventions may offer great scope for reducing functional decline in at-risk older people.
Fieo, Robert Anthony. "Determinants of functional decline in community-dwelling older adults". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/5501.
Texto completoElsayed, Ali Hamada [Verfasser] y Björn [Akademischer Betreuer] Reineking. "Plant communities in field margins of agricultural landscapes: species distributions, functional traits, and contributions to landscape function / Hamada Elsayed Ali. Betreuer: Björn Reineking". Bayreuth : Universität Bayreuth, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1077818831/34.
Texto completoMalhotra, Saimon. "Molecular biological characterisation of the functional microbial communities in anaerobic digesters". Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.272792.
Texto completoMayhew, Rebekah Jane Watts. "The species and functional composition of bird communities in regenerating tropical forests". Thesis, University of Stirling, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/27894.
Texto completoMacArthur, James David. "The Adams Lake physical development plan, a functional role for community in community planning". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0026/MQ48231.pdf.
Texto completoRhodes, Rachelle Renee. "Investigating the Functional Response of a Subsurface Biofilm Community to Xenobiotic Stress". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33412.
Texto completoMaster of Science
Sandhu, Navtej K. "Exploring the Influence of Functional Status on Older Adults' Social Relationships in Assisted Living Communities". Digital Archive @ GSU, 2012. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/gerontology_theses/31.
Texto completoHurwitz, Bonnie Louise. "Viral Community Dynamics and Functional Specialization in the Pacific Ocean". Diss., The University of Arizona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/265369.
Texto completoRice, Constance Elizabeth. "Examining the effects of plant diversity and community composition on reducing conditions in the soil of experimental wetlands". Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1243880360.
Texto completoIrving, Philip William. "The functional and evolutionary significance of Schreckstoff in natural communities of fish". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.307984.
Texto completoHoughton, James. "Molecular diversity and functional composition of cellulose degrading communities in anoxic environments". Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2013. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/14933/.
Texto completoCampbell, Matthew Arthur. "Functional diversity of active microbial mat communities inferred fromlipid biomarkers and metatranscriptomics". Thesis, Curtin University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/81969.
Texto completoBurt-Smith, Graham. "Blind tests of predictions of community structure and dynamics using functional criteria". Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.327642.
Texto completoBuzzard, Vanessa y Vanessa Buzzard. "Variation of Functional Traits Across Space and Time: Assessing the Roles of Succession and Temperature on Plant and Microbial Functional Traits to Understand Biodiversity Gradients". Diss., The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625627.
Texto completoRibeiro, Joana Cristina Cardoso Teixeira. "Neotropical anuran communities from agricultural landscapes: an integrated approach". Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/22247.
Texto completoAnthropogenic activities such as agriculture and cattle farming are the main causes of biodiversity loss. Agricultural expansion is especially detrimental in the tropics, where agricultural investment meets important social and economic demands, and biodiversity is especially high and unique. Rice is the world’s most important food crop. Given its nature, location and extension worldwide, irrigated rice fields are invariably used by the native fauna. Determining how communities living in these agroecosystems are shaped is therefore of the utmost concern. The Cerrado, the world’s largest and most diverse savanna is experiencing extreme anthropogenic pressure, with 50% of the biome currently under direct human use. Amphibians are among the world’s most threatened vertebrates, playing keystone roles in ecosystem functioning. Given the inherent complexity of their life cycle, approaching how amphibian populations are affected by anthropogenic activities requires an integrated, multidimensional approach, at multiple scales. This project sought to assess how the anuran community of the Cerrado is being affected by agricultural pressure, assessing the extinction risk, analyzing the selected traits, and variation in taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional diversity at different scales, as well as the functional connectivity of frogs in rice crops. The official extinction risk is underestimated for the anurans of the Cerrado. Breeding site, habitat specialization, and clutch size are predictors of increased extinction risk. The southwest and central regions of the biome are the main hotspots of increased extinction risk, and should be prioritized for conservation. Habitat conversion and crop management caused profound changes to the anuran community, causing increased functional divergence and dramatic loss of functional and phylogenetic diversity in agricultural environments. Anurans with restricted range, habitat specialization, small clutches and large body size were excluded from agricultural environments. Additionally, frogs from agricultural environments had lower body condition. Thus, the conversion of natural vegetation to rice crops results in such environmental stress, that large subsets of species are driven to local extinction irrespective of their specialization, and even the more resilient species exhibit lower body condition. The presence of abundant forest fragments and water bodies is crucial for the maintenance of high levels of functional and phylogenetic diversity, and also to ensure functional connectivity for anuran populations in agricultural landscapes.
Atividades antrópicas como a agricultura e a pecuária são as principais causas da perda de biodiversidade. A expansão agrícola é especialmente nociva nos trópicos, onde o investimento agrícola responde a importantes demandas sociais e económicas, e a biodiversidade é especialmente alta e única. O arroz é a cultura alimentar mais importante do mundo. Dada a sua natureza, localização e extensão a nível global, os campos de arroz irrigado são invariavelmente utilizado pela fauna nativas. Determinar como as comunidades que vivem nesses agroecossistemas são afectadas é, portanto, de extrema importância. O Cerrado, a maior e mais diversa savana do planeta, encontra-se sob extrema pressão antropogénica, com 50% do bioma atualmente sob uso humano direto. Os anfíbios estão entre os vertebrados mais ameaçados do planeta, desempenhando papéis de destaque no funcionamento dos ecossistemas. Como o seu ciclo de vida é particularmente complexo, investigar a forma como as populações de anfíbios são afectadas por atividades antropogénicas requer uma abordagem integrada e multidimensional, a várias escalas. Com este projecto pretendeu-se avaliar a forma como a comunidade de anuros do Cerrado está a ser afetada pela pressão agrícola, avaliando o risco de extinção, analisando os traits selecionados, e a variação na diversidade taxonómica, filogenética e funcional em diferentes escalas, bem como a conectividade funcional dos anuros em culturas de arroz. Determinou-se que o risco de extinção de risco oficial dos anfíbios do Cerrado se encontra subestimado. O local de reprodução, habitat e tamanho da postura são preditores de elevado risco de extinção em anuros. O sudoeste e região central do bioma são as principais regiões de espécies de alto risco de extinção, e devem ser priorizados para a conservação. Concluiu-se também que a conversão do habitat e a gestão agrícola causaram profundas alterações na comunidade de anuros, com o aumento da divergência funcional e dramática perda de diversidade funcional e filogenética em ambientes agrícolas. Anuros com distribuição restrita, especialização de habitat, posturas pequenas e grande tamanho corporal foram excluídos dos ambientes agrícolas. Adicionalmente, anuros provenientes de culturas apresentaram menor condição corporal. Assim, a conversão de vegetação natural em plantações de arroz irrigado resulta na extinção local de muitas espécies, independentemente da sua especialização, e no decréscimo dos índices de condição corporal nas espécies mais resistentes. A presença de abundantes fragmentos florestais e de corpos de água é determinante para a manutenção de níveis elevados de diversidade funcional e filogenética, e ainda para assegurar a conectividade funcional para as populações de anuros em paisagens agrícolas.
Andersson, Martin. "Extent and limitations of functional redundancy among bacterial communities towards dissolved organic matter". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Limnologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-331772.
Texto completoMahmoud, Huda Mahmoud Abdullah. "Structural and functional diversity of epilithic bacterial communities in streams : effects of pollution". Thesis, University of Hull, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.271992.
Texto completoTobin, Michelle Louise. "Applications of a functional group approach to the study of temperate algal communities". Thesis, University of York, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341822.
Texto completoWord, Jack Q. "The infaunal trophic index, a functional approach to benthic community analyses /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5289.
Texto completoPeters-Van, Havel Karla Ruth. "The sense of community in a geo-dispersed corporate functional subgroup". Thesis, Fielding Graduate University, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10099664.
Texto completoThe deep-seated qualities of the psychological sense of community (PSOC) are sometimes considered vital to human function and without them we would suffer isolation, loneliness, depression, and alienation (Sarason, 1974; Pretty, Andrews, & Collett, 1994). In the late 1980s and early 1990s studies of the psychological sense of community began in the workplace (Pretty & McCarthy, 1991; Klein & D’Aunno, 1986. Understanding this phenomenon, what it is, and the implications for those who feel a sense of community and those who do not can be a strength or benchmark for teams and groups of geographically dispersed organizations to build models for improvement. While PSOC is generally measured by an individual’s perception of a referent community to which they belong, cohesion is the collective look at PSOC (Buckner, 1988; E. E. Sampson, 1988; R. J. Sampson, 1991). This study evaluates the sense of community in the context of a geographically dispersed community, where PSOC is both relational and locational. A mixed methods approach to the case study is done through the use of surveys, ethnographic observation, and interviews. Key findings in this study include 16 unique descriptive characteristics for FSPSOC, a strong linear correlation between cohesion and the PSOC, and ambiguity in the term community. In addition, it was established that employees perceive geographic dispersion as directly impacting PSOC.
Bakhshwin, Duaa M. "ASSOCIATION BETWEEN POLYPHARMACY AND FUNCTIONAL STATUS IN COMMUNITY-DWELLING OLDER ADULTS". VCU Scholars Compass, 2018. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5356.
Texto completoMpezeni, Stella. "Community experiences of persons with lower limb amputations in Malawi". University of the Western Cape, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7062.
Texto completoPersons with lower limb amputations (LLA) experience different challenges in the community. These challenges include the physical, psychological and social function of an individual. Little is known in Malawi on what persons with lower limb amputations go through in the communities where they live. Therefore, the study aimed at exploring and determining community experiences of persons with LLA in Malawi. The study sought to address the following objectives: 1) To determine the functional and psychological status of persons with LLA in the community; 2) To explore and describe experiences on social participation of persons with LLA in the community; 3). To explore experiences on community re-integration following LLA. A mixed method approach was applied where quantitative and qualitative data were collected simultaneously to provide a more holistic overview of the experiences of persons with LLA at one point in time. The study setting was Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital (QECH) and Kamuzu Central Hospitals (KCH) (500 miles), located in Malawi. A sample of 180 participants was recruited to participate in the study. Three self-administered questionnaires (socio-demographic questionnaire, OPUS module of lower extremity functional status, and a Beck’s depression inventory scale) and a semi-structured interview guide were used for data collection. Thematic data analysis was used to analyze qualitative data, while quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Ethical clearance was obtained from the University of the Western Cape Biomedical Research Ethics Committee (BMREC) and College of Medicine Research Ethics Committee (COMREC). Permission to conduct the study was obtained from KCH (500 miles) and QECH. Privacy andconfidentiality was strictly observed such that data obtained was anonymous. It was kept in a secure place, and electronic data was secured using a password.
Larsson, Josefin. "Aiming for change : intentional communities and ideology in function /". Örebro : Örebro University : University Library, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-89.
Texto completoGustafsson, Stina. "The Macroinvertebrate Community in a Nature-like Fishway with Habitat Compensation Properties". Licentiate thesis, Karlstads universitet, Avdelningen för biologi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-15116.
Texto completoGrove, Jason Andrew. "Assessment of the Potential Functional Diversity of the Bacterial Community in a Biofilter". Thesis, University of Waterloo, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/850.
Texto completoA number of experiments were performed in laboratory-scale biofilters using ethanol as a model contaminant. All biofilters were able to remove the ethanol with elimination capacities in the range 80 to 200gVOCm-3h-1; these values are comparable with published literature. Natural organic media (peat or compost) was used as packing.
The potential functional diversity of the community was assessed by Community-Level Physiological Profiling (CLPP) using sole-Carbon Source Utilisation Profile (CSUP). Community samples were used to inoculate Biolog EcoPlatesTM: microplates containing a selection of 31 different carbon-substrates and an indicator dye responding to bacterial growth. This technique was found to be sensitive to changes in the community structure over time and location.
Results showed that the community in samples taken close together (over a scale of a few centimetres) are similar and that relatively small media samples (0. 5 to 1 g) provide reproducible information. A study of a single biofilter indicated stratification of the community occurring with the community near the inlet diverging from that near the middle and outlet of the unit; this is attributed to the ethanol being degraded in the upper part of the column and the lower part of the column not being subjected to ethanol loading. In a study of two units at a higher loading rate, stratification was not observed over a period of weeks; it is suggested that the stratification may develop over this timescale as a result of the presence or absence of the Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) and not due to differences in concentration.
An acclimation period of 7 to 10 days was observed before near-complete removal of ethanol was attained. Monitoring of the community suggested a subsequent shift in diversity. It is suggested that the initial acclimation period is due to biofilm formation and the subsequent shift in community diversity is due to re-organisation of the community as species specialise. In a portion of the biofilter with minimal ethanol exposure, a sudden shift in community is observed after a period of some weeks. This may reflect changes as a result of starvation and indicates that periods of shut-down (when the biofilter is not loaded) may affect the community.
Two studies of biofilters operating in parallel were carried out. The first provided evidence of a divergence in the communities over a period of two weeks. In the second, communities in the two units underwent changes over time but observations from both units at any one time were similar. This demonstrates that biofilters set-up and operated in a similar manner may maintain similar communities but that this is not necessarily the case. This has implications for the reproducibility of laboratory experiments and for the variation of community structure with horizontal position in industrial units.
Jaeger, Andrea L. "Invasive species impacts on ecosystem structure and function". Diss., Connect to online resource - MSU authorized users, 2006.
Buscar texto completoEngelen, Dries. "Comparing avifauna communities and bird functional diversity of forest and farmland in southwest Ethiopia". Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Botaniska institutionen, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-86015.
Texto completoMånga arter påverkas negativt av avskogning och annan mänsklig påverkan på tropiska skogar, vilket också kan få konsekvenser för de ekosystemtjänster dessa arter levererar. En viktig artgrupp i detta avseende är fåglar, som kan ha betydelse för pollination, fröspridning, naturlig skadedjurskontroll och som asätare. Denna studie, utförd i sydvästra Etiopien, jämför artsammansättning och funktionell diversitet hos fåglar i skogar och trädgårdar både nära och långt ifrån skogen. Både antal arter och antal individer har undersökts. Data materialet bygger både på observationer från punktinventering och fåglar fångade med slöjnät. Med den första metoden noterade jag fler arter, medan abundansvärden från den andra metoden gjorde att jag såg mönster som inte syntes vid endast jämförelser av artrikedom. Jag fann att artrikedomen var lägre i skogen i jämförelse med trädgårdarna, men att artsammansättningen var signifikant skiljd däremellan. Skogarna hade fler skogsspecialister medan trädgårdarna hade fler arter från öppna marker och tillfälliga skogsbesökande arter. Trädgårdar som låg nära eller långt ifrån skogen skiljde sig inte på något sätt utom att individtätheten av skogsgeneralister var något högre i trädgårdar nära skogen. När det gäller uppdelningen av fåglarna utifrån vad de äter så fann jag att fröätande och nektarätande arter var vanligare i trädgårdar medan fruktätande arter var vanligare i skogen. Rovfåglar och allätare uppvisade inget tydligt mönster. Proportionen insektsätande fåglelarter var samma i skogen och trädgårdarna, men det absoluta antalet arter (inklusive alla olika underkategorier) var högre i trädgårdarna. Den etiopiska skogsfågelfaunan är artfattig i förhållande till andra bergstrakter i Afrika och saknar flera släkten av framförallt insektsätande fåglar. Detta skulle kunna bero på ett tidigare utdöende varefter en senare återkolonisering varit svår på grund av den geografiska isoleringen, speciellt för insektsätande fåglar som huvudsakligen finns i undervegetationen. Trots den relativa artfattigdomen så visar resultatet från min studie hursomhelst på att skogarna är viktiga för skogsberoende fåglar. Den största betydelsen har de för skogsspecialister där, men även genom en positiv effekt på abundansen av skogsgeneralister i närliggande trädgårdar. Dock kan framtida återväxt av skogar bli problematisk på grund av en pågående omvandling av skogar till trädgårdar, eftersom trädgårdar hyser färre fruktätande fåglar, vilket kan påverka fröspridning över landskapet.
Examining mismatches between management and the supply of ecosystem services in Ethiopian agroecosystems across scales in space and time
Mora, Peter L. "Economic development functions of New Jersey community colleges". Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/53591.
Texto completoEd. D.
LIMA, CHRISTINA MARTINS BORGES. "NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL AND FUNCTIONAL PROFILE OF ELDERLY BRAZILIANS SAMPLE ASSISTED AT COMMUNITY CENTERS". PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2016. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=30378@1.
Texto completoCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
A compreensão do funcionamento cognitivo no envelhecimento torna-se fundamental na atualidade diante do crescimento desta população. A presente dissertação, elaborada a partir de dois artigos, teve como objetivo investigar o perfil cognitivo, funcional e sintomas de depressão em idosos residentes na comunidade. O protocolo neuropsicológico utilizado em ambos os estudos foi composto por instrumentos de rastreio validados para a população brasileira. O estudo foi realizado com 298 idosos inseridos nas atividades oferecidas pelas Casas de Convivência da Prefeitura do Rio de Janeiro. O primeiro estudo investigou o perfil cognitivo e funcional destes idosos e identificou um padrão de normalidade na amostra, apesar de um desempenho abaixo do esperado no Teste do Desenho do Relógio. Entretanto, 20,9 por cento dos idosos apresentaram sintomas leves de depressão. Desta forma, o segundo artigo avaliou estes idosos com sintomas de depressão, comparando-os com um grupo controle pareado por idade e escolaridade. Os resultados evidenciaram que os sintomas depressivos interferiram nas atividades instrumentais de vida diária, na memória episódica anterógrada e na fluência verbal. Os estudos apontaram a importância da investigação neuropsicológica em idosos para uma maior compreensão da senescência, bem como os fatores que interferem neste processo e que representam um risco potencial para uma evolução para transtornos cognitivos leves ou estágios pré-clínicos de quadros demenciais.
Understanding how the aging process affects cognitive functioning is crucial nowadays, given the growth of the elderly population in the world. This dissertation, comprised of two research papers, aimed to investigate the cognitive and functional profile, as well as symptoms of depression, in community-dwelling elderly adults. The neuropsychological protocol used in both studies consisted of screening tools validated for the Brazilian population. The studies were conducted with 298 elderly adults who participate in the activities offered by the government in the city of Rio de Janeiro. The first study investigated the cognitive and functional profile of these subjects and identified a pattern of normality in the sample, despite a below average performance in the Clock Drawing Test. However, 20,9 percent of the elderly had symptoms of mild depression. Thus, the second study specifically assessed these subjects, comparing them to a control group matched for age and education. The results showed that depressive symptoms significantly interfered with instrumental activities of daily living, anterograde episodic memory, and verbal fluency. The studies pointed out the importance of neuropsychological research of elderly adults for a greater understanding of senescence, as well as factors that interfere with this process and represent a potential risk for progression to mild cognitive impairment or preclinical stages of dementia.
Reyes, Amanda Neumann. "Functional impairment and cognitive performance in mood disorders : a young community sample". Universidade Catolica de Pelotas, 2014. http://tede.ucpel.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/476.
Texto completoMade available in DSpace on 2016-08-01T12:24:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 amanda reyesvolume final - 23-07-15.pdf: 348695 bytes, checksum: 2ee5f76444cb295f170acae0bec93565 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-11-25
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Objetivo Geral • Comparar o desempenho cognitivo e o funcionamento global entre adultos jovens com e sem o diagnóstico de Transtorno Bipolar, bem como correlacionar estas medidas nos sujeitos com Transtorno Bipolar. 2.2 Objetivos Específicos • Comparar o funcionamento global de adultos jovens com e sem diagnóstico de TB; • Comparar o desempenho cognitivo de adultos jovens com e sem diagnóstico de TB; • Correlacionar o desempenho cognitivo e o funcionamento em uma amostra populacional de adultos jovens; • Correlacionar o desempenho cognitivo e o funcionamento nos adultos jovens com Transtorno Bipolar; • Correlacionar a severidade dos sintomas maníacos e depressivos com o desempenho cognitivo e o funcionamento dos jovens com TB.
Austin, Denise Lynmarie. "Bringing Functional Family Probation Services to the Community: A Qualitative Case Study". PDXScholar, 2013. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1436.
Texto completoMarshall, Carolyn Bowers. "Effect of plant functional group removal on the soil microbial community diversity and composition". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/2865.
Texto completoChilma, Dorothy Madalo. "Nutritional status and functional ability of older people in rural Malawi". Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312510.
Texto completoLaswell, Jeffrey L. "Functional analysis of probate inventories and archaeological material of the Lick Creek community : an antebellum midwest biracial community". Virtual Press, 2008. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1399187.
Texto completoDepartment of Anthropology
Romero-Saltos, Hugo G. "Community and Functional Ecology of Lianas in the Yasuní Forest Dynamics Plot, Amazonian Ecuador". Scholarly Repository, 2011. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/529.
Texto completoLangenheder, Silke. "Links Between Structure and Function of Heterotrophic Aquatic Bacterial Communities". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Department of Ecology and Evolution : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-4809.
Texto completoZablocki, Daniel Jean. "Diversity and function of virus communities in hyperarid desert soils". Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/53566.
Texto completoKaye, Maria Ellen. "The role of functional traits and phylogeny in assembly of tropical forest communities in Danum Valley, Sabah". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2016. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=231264.
Texto completoGubsch, Marlén. "Plant species and functional group responses to changes in plant community diversity and composition : functional traits, species interactions and resource use /". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2009. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=18342.
Texto completoZANZOTTERA, MAGDA. "TRAIT-BASED FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERIZATION OF PLANT SPECIES AND COMMUNITIES: TRENDS AND ADAPTIONS TO ENVIRONMENT IN ALPINE AND EUROPEAN VEGETATION". Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/844440.
Texto completo