Tesis sobre el tema "Fujian (Chine ; province)"

La thèse analyse le développement des entreprises rurales en chine a travers l'étude de deux districts de la province du Fujian depuis l'implantation des reformes de 1978. Elle montre ainsi comment ce développement se structure autour d'un espace, grâce a l'utilisation de ressources culturelles. L'existence d'activités non agricoles en milieu rural depuis de nombreux siècles et l'accent mis a la création d'entreprises industrielles dans les districts chinois depuis 1949 ont été les facteurs qui ont permis l'éclosion des entreprises rurales après 1978. Les reformes n'ont pas permis l'établissement d'une réelle économie de marche. L'économie néoclassique est donc en partie impuissante a expliquer la forme prise par le développement des entreprises rurales. Grâce a une analyse systémique, nous avons donc isole les facteurs structurants. Les autorités locales ont été considérées comme ayant une action influençant le plus celle des autres acteurs et le développement local. Elles sont aussi déterminantes dans l'établissement des règles qui permettent de structurer cet espace. Elles ont enfin une action décisive sur l'existence d'un climat de risques et d'incertitudes. Dès lors, elles conditionnent la forme prise par les réseaux et par les règles. Les chefs d'entreprises ont ainsi la possibilité de participer au développement en créant des liens avec les autorités locales, en dépit des surcoûts occasionnes par l'acceptation du système de justification des autorités locales. Cependant, les risques qui demeurent concernant le respect des contrats et sur les modes de propriété pourraient gêner le développement futur. Cela est vrai pour les entreprises collectives comme privées. Par contre, de nombreuses entreprises ne peuvent pas bénéficier des réseaux avec les cadres et demeurent dans un état proche de l'informalité. Ces entreprises, qui sont beaucoup plus nombreuses que les autres, ne participent pas vraiment au développement local

RésuméUne série de sondages continentaux (FZ4, FZ5, et SZY) ont été collectés dans la plaine de Fuzhou et dans la montagne de Ningde. Les trois enregistrements ont permis de reconstituer et ainsi de comprendre l'évolution de la végétation ainsi que d'évaluer l'impact de la mousson est-asiatique et les changements du niveau marin sur les environnements du quaternaire récent. Ma thèse donne un aperçu de la végétation passée et des changements paléoclimatiques au cours des 50000 dernières années. Pour les derniers millénaires je me suis aussi intéressé aux activités humaines préhistoriques et leur relation avec les changements de l'environnement local durant l'Holocène. Dans cette thèse, j'ai utilisé une approche multidisciplinaire incluant principalement la palynologie, la sédimentologie, le paléomagnétisme et la micropaléontologie pour reconstituer les environnements passés.L'enregistrement palynologique SZY issu d'une tourbière subalpine couvre les 50000 dernières années en continu. Les diversité de la flore et des changements forestiers au cours des 50 dernières millénaires permettent de reconstituer l'évolution de la mousson régionale dans le sud-est de la Chine. Les changements climatiques estimés par un indice de mousson saisonnier, la température et les précipitations mensuelles ont été quantitativement reconstruits.Les assemblages polliniques pendant la période entre ca. 50 et 30,4 ka cal BP, correspondant au stade isotopique marin (MIS) 3, sont caractérisés par une forte abondance de pollen arboricole, principalement subtropicaux Quercus, Castanopsis/Lithocarpus avec des taxons tempérés de montagne à feuillage caduque tels que Fagus et Alnus et accompagné de quelques conifères mésiques de montagne telles que les Taxodiaceae et Tsuga. Une telle composition de l'écosystème suggère que le MIS 3 était plutôt humide avec une forte mousson d'été. L'insolation d'été élevée peut avoir entraîné une intensification de la mousson au cours de cette période et a donc contribué au maintien d'un tel écosystème subtropical. Une expansion progressive des taxons arborés feuillus, qui a remplacé les taxons subtropicaux à feuillage persistant pendant la période du dernier maximum glaciaire (LGM) (de ca. 30,4 à 11,8 environ cal ka BP), indique que le climat est devenu beaucoup plus frais que lors du MIS 3. Cet intervalle froid se produit entre ca. 21 et 17 cal ka BP lorsque la savane arbustive a augmenté et la forêt de feuillus a diminué rapidement. Cet événement est également marqué par la concentration de pollen qui montre des valeurs faibles au cours du dernier maximum glaciaire. Ceci est probablement lié à un paysage ouvert ou semi-ouvert sous un climat plus sec et plus froid que durant le MIS 3. En comparaison avec les études des isotopes de l'oxygène (δ18O/δ16O) issues de spéléothèmes et ses carottes de glace du Groenland, plusieurs événements climatiques rapides pourraient être reconnues tels que le Dryas récent et l'interstade Bølling-Allerød qui ont marqué la fin de la dernière période glaciaire. Au cours de l'Holocène, la forêt sempervirente est restaurée rapidement. Le groupe arboré à feuillage persistant est devenu plus élevé que celui à feuilles caduques à environ 8000 cal BP. Ceci reflète un renforcement de la mousson d'été. Deux événements rapides semble être enregistré à ca. 8,2 cal ka BP et 5 cal ka BP, probablement causé par des événements de refroidissement au cours de l'Holocène. Dans le tronçon inférieur de la rivière Min, l'étude interdisciplinaire de deux enregistrements révèlent que l'environnement sédimentaire dans la plaine de Fuzhou a connu des cycles de sédimentation à plusieurs reprises au cours de l'Holocène. La première transgression marine dans a eu lieu aux alentours de ca. 9000 cal yr BP, et a atteint son plus haut niveau entre ca. 7000 et 4000 cal yr BP. La granulométrie et l'analyse des diatomées ainsi que les datations 14C AMS permettent de décrire la transgression marine et
AbstractA series of sediment cores (FZ4, FZ5, and SZY) were collected in Fuzhou plain and Ningde mountain area. The three cores, located respectively in the near coast basins and mountains, are well suited for understanding the evolution of vegetation and the impact of the East Asian monsoon and sea level changes on the Quaternary environments. My thesis provides insight into regional palaeovegetation and palaeoclimatic changes over the last 50000 years, as well as an investigation of the prehistoric human activities and their relationship with local environmental change during the Holocene. In this thesis, I have used a multidisciplinary approach including palynology, sedimentology, paleomagnetism and micropaleontology to reconstruct the past environments. The SZY pollen record from a subalpine peat bog covers the past 50,000 years continuously. The diverse flora and forest changes during the last 50 ka indicate regional monsoon evolution in subtropical southeastern China. The climate proxies such as seasonal monsoon index, monthly temperature and precipitation were quantitatively reconstructed.The pollen assemblage during the period ca. 50-30.4 cal ka BP, roughly corresponding to Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 3, was characterized by high abundance of arboreal pollen, mainly subtropical evergreen Quercus, Castanopsis/Lithocarpus mixed with temperate mountain deciduous broad-leaved trees such as Fagus, Alnus and accompanied with some mountain mesic conifers such as Taxodiaceae and Tsuga. Such ecosystem composition suggests that MIS 3 was rather wet with strong summer monsoon. The high summer insolation may have caused an intensification of the summer monsoon during this period and thus helped maintaining such subtropical ecosystem.A gradual expansion of deciduous broad-leaved taxa which replaced the subtropical evergreen ones during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) period (ca. 30.4-11.8 cal ka BP), indicates that climate became much cooler than during MIS 3. The coldest interval occurs during the interval ca. 21-17 cal ka BP, when the shrubby savanna increased and the broadleaved forest rapidly declined. This event is marked also in the pollen concentration which show low values during the LGM. This is probably related to an open or semi-open landscape under a colder and dryer climate than during MIS 3. In comparison with regional oxygen isotope data (δ18O/δ16O) from speleothems and Greenland ice cores, several rapid climate events could be recognized, for instance the Younger Dryas and the Bølling-Allerød interstadial that marked the final stages of the last glacial period. During the Holocene, the evergreen forest restored rapidly. The evergreen pollen group became higher than the deciduous one at around 8000 cal yr BP, reflecting the strengthening of the Summer Monsoon. Two sharp events occurred at ca. 8.2 cal ka BP and ca. 5 cal ka BP, probably caused by cooling events during the Holocene.In the lower reach of Min River, the interdisciplinary study of two cores reveal that the sedimentary environment in Fuzhou Plain experienced several sedimentation cycles during the Holocene. The marine transgression into Fuzhou basin took place in around ca. 9000 cal BP, and reached its highest sea level at 7000-4000 cal BP. Grain-size and diatom analysis and AMS dating allow to depict the marine transgression and reconstruct its timing. Pollen analyses support the warm subtropical climate during the Mid-Holocene with dense forest dominated with evergreen broadleaved taxa. The optimal climate and the formation of marine estuary during the high-stand of the sea level were in favor of the development of the Neolithic culture (mainly Tanshishan Culture between ca. 6800-4500 cal yr BP) where the fishing and hunting were the main economic lifestyles.The sedimentological results show that the retreat of the coastline took place during the late Holocene. This is indicated by a layer of tidal peat dated around ca.1900 cal yr

Traduite telle quelle en chinois moderne, Zhongguo bai 中國白, l'expression « blanc de Chine » sert aujourd'hui à désigner la porcelaine blanche provenant des fours de Dehua, dans la province côtière du Fujian, où elle est fabriquée depuis la dynastie des Ming (1368-1644). Malgré sa présence marquée dans les collections françaises, la recherche spécifique sur cette porcelaine est très limitée, laissant ouvertes les questions d'identification, de provenance et de datation. Cette thèse vise donc à proposer une nouvelle synthèse sur cette porcelaine, partant de sa réception en Europe, puis de sa diffusion pour remonter jusqu'à sa production. Bien qu'inhabituel ou apparemment inversé dans sa logique, cet itinéraire ouvre progressivement la voie à une série de questionnements, ce qui permet de nous guider progressivement jusqu'au berceau même de cette porcelaine. Toutefois, l'ambition de cette thèse n'est pas d'écrire une histoire complète du blanc de Chine, mais plutôt de croiser les perspectives mondiale et locale afin de replacer cette porcelaine dans son contexte propre. Une question fondamentale, bien que paraissant à première vue simple et déjà largement abordée, imprègne l'ensemble de cette étude : quelles sont les spécificités du blanc de Chine ? Autrement dit, qu'est-ce qui définit véritablement un blanc de Chine ? Deux résultats tangibles de cette enquête seraient, entre autres, de contribuer à la mise en valeur des collections françaises et de faire reconnaître la valeur patrimoniale des fours-dragon, dont les techniques artisanales de construction et de cuisson sont aujourd'hui menacées de disparition
Translated as Zhongguo bai 中國白 in modern Chinese, the term “blanc de Chine” today refers to the white porcelain produced in Dehua kilns, situated in Fujian's coastal province, where production has continued since the Ming dynasty (1368-1644). Despite its prominent presence in French collections, research specifically dedicated to this porcelain remains limited, leaving key questions about its identification, origin, and dating unresolved. This dissertation, therefore, seeks to offer a new synthesis on blanc de Chine, beginning with its reception in Europe, then examining its dissemination, and finally tracing it back to its origins in production. Though unconventional or seemingly reversed in approach, this trajectory gradually brings us to essential questions, ultimately guiding us back to the origins of this porcelain. The aim of this dissertation is not, however, to write a complete history of blanc de Chine. Instead, it endeavors to integrate global and local perspectives to place this porcelain within its unique historical context. One fundamental question—simple in appearance yet widely debated—shapes this study: What are the specific characteristics of blanc de Chine? In other words, what precisely defines blanc de Chine? Among the tangible goals of this work are to enhance the appreciation of French collections and to promote the cultural value of dragon kilns, whose artisanal construction and firing techniques face extinction today

Using 1991-2003 yearly statistical data from 66 counties in China’s Fujian province, we examine the relationship between GDP/capita levels and the rural-urban income gap, to see whether there exists any statistical relationship between these variables, and if such a relationship bears resemblance with the Kuznets’ “inverted U” hypothesis, predicting inequality to first rise, and then fall, as economic development proceeds. Our results point in the opposite direction; the income gap falls at the early stage of economic growth, but rises again as growth proceeds. This is the opposite of a Kuznets curve. In addition, the income gap is smaller in counties with access to coast, rivers, and highways and a higher proportion of illiterate. Moreover, the income gap is larger in counties with rugged terrain and a higher proportion of ethnic minorities.

This thesis focuses on the Paleoproterozoic to Late Paleozoic basement evolution of the metamorphic rocks scattered in the NW Fujian Province, the NE Cathaysia Block the southeastern area of South China. Field observation, systematic sampling and petrographic investigation combined with of whole rock geochemistry, zircon U-Pb, Lu-Hf isotopes, trace elements, amphibole and biotite 40Ar/39Ar analyses and mineral chemistry study were applied in this project to determine the nature, ages and relations of the leucosomes, felsic paragneiss and mafic metamorphic rocks in study area and their implications to the reconstruction of the Precambrian Rodina Supercontinent.Following conclusions are made: 1. Based on this study, according to their metamorphism and deformation characteristics, the metamorphic rock series in the study area can be divided into two types, moderately to strongly metamorphosed rock series that experienced ductile deformation and moderately metamorphosed rock series that have experienced ductile deformations. New La-ICPMS U-Pb zircon ages presented here and in previous study suggest that the original lithostratigraphy should be abandoned and the terminology “Complex” should be used instead of “Group” and “Formation” for the high grade metamorphic rock series in northwestern Fujian, where the protoliths were strongly reworked by Early Paleozoic tectono-thermal events.2. Obvious zircon U-Pb age peaks of ~1800 Ma suggest that the protoliths ofthe Cathaysia Block be comparable to the basements of North America ratherthan those of Eastern India and East Antarctica. Although the peaks of ~1800Ma are also present in Western Australia, their 176Hf/177Hf ratios (0.280706 -0.281510) are apparently lower than those of zircons from SW Cathaysia (0.281515 - 0.282098) and from this study (0.281232 - 0.282213, NECathaysia). Besides, detrital zircons in Cathaysia and NW Yangtze indicatesignificant juvenile input during Paleo- to Mesoproterozoic according to thezircon Hf isotopes, which are distinctly different from Western Australia.These evidences suggest that the basement of the Cathaysia share similaritieswith that of North America, lending support for the Rodinia configurationproposed by Li et al. (2008), in which Cathaysia was next to western Laurentia before and during the late Mesoproterozoic assembly of Rodinia.2. Obvious zircon U-Pb age peaks of ~1800 Ma suggest that the protoliths of the Cathaysia Block be comparable to the basements of North America rather than those of Eastern India and East Antarctica. Although the peaks of ~1800 Ma are also present in Western Australia, their 176Hf/177Hf ratios (0.280706 - 0.281510) are apparently lower than those of zircons from SW Cathaysia (0.281515 - 0.282098) and from this study (0.281232 - 0.282213, NE Cathaysia). Besides, detrital zircons in Cathaysia and NW Yangtze indicate significant juvenile input during Paleo- to Mesoproterozoic according to the zircon Hf isotopes, which are distinctly different from Western Australia. These evidences suggest that the basement of the Cathaysia share similarities with that of North America, lending support for the Rodinia configuration proposed by Li et al. (2008), in which Cathaysia was next to western Laurentia before and during the late Mesoproterozoic assembly of Rodinia.3. The protoliths of the felsic paragneiss in the NW Fujian area are immaturesediments, consisting of greywacke, arkose and lithic arenite compositions.The significant input of the paragneiss protolith was dominantly formed byseveral magmatic events during Neoproterozoic (820 ± 6 Ma, 780 ± 6 Ma, 776± 6 Ma, 758 ± 3 Ma, 740 ± 8 Ma and 722 ± 9 Ma), probably deposited notearly than middle Neoproterozoic (~680 Ma). Many metamorphic rockscontain 0.99 - 0.72 Ga detrital magmatic zircons, which are interpreted asreflecting the tectono-thermal events related to the assembly and break-up of the Rodinia supercontinent during the Neoproterozoic.4. In this study, new La-ICPMS U-Pb anatectic zircon data from the NWFujian area suggest that the strong and widespread tectono-thermal eventswere related to the orogeny probably having started during the MiddleCambrian and lasted until the Middle Devonian, consisting of at least threemain episodes (~473 Ma, ~445 Ma, ~423 Ma), with major orogeny events(including syn- to post-orogenic melting) constrained between ~473 Ma and~407 Ma in the NE Cathaysia, and between ~468 Ma and ~415 Ma in the SWCathaysia. The age peaks in the Cathaysia Block (ca. 488, 471, 455, 440 and415 Ma) are within the age range of the Qinling-Tongbai-Dabie orogen during 512 - 406 Ma. This suggests a possible linkage or interaction of the two orogens.5. The duration of the “Caledonian” orogeny in the NW Fujian area was noshorter than ~50 Myr, starting at ~473 Ma (~Early Ordovician) or earlier, andterminating at ~423 Ma (~Middle Silurian) or later. The “Caledonian”orogenic event in the Cathaysia Block was likely due to an intracontinentalcollision rather than the subduction of oceanic crust or arc-continentalcollision. Considering the inhomogeneous cooling paths for the Tianjingping,the Jiaoxi and Mayuan complexes, and different time restraint of thewidespread anatectic and magmatic events occurred in different places, the“Caledonian” tectono-thermal events in the Cathaysia Block might vary between different segments of the orogen.

[Truncated abstract] Conventional historical research on the tea trade focussed on the trade between the United Kingdom and China up to 1937. Very little has been done on the tea trade between China and other regions such as colonial Singapore. In addition, the focus on the overseas Chinese community in Singapore has concentrated on two opposite ends of the social ladder the rich traders or merchants who came to dominate the political, economic and social life of the community, and the coolies or those in the working class and how the harsh reality of life in colonial Singapore often quashed any dreams they had of a better life. The key focus of this dissertation is a study of the trading links between a group of Chinese traders in Singapore and commodity producers in China. To date, research into Chinese traders in Singapore has focussed on their trade in products from British Malaya such as rubber and tin. This dissertation aims to steer away from this approach, and study the relationship between Fujian tea production and trade and the Chinese tea traders in Singapore . . . This dissertation, therefore, takes a two-pronged approach. First, it examines the conditions in Fujian tea production and trade since they were the key trading concerns of the Chinese tea traders in Singapore. Secondly, the dissertation examines the political beliefs and sense of patriotism among the Chinese tea traders in Singapore and their response to major events in their lives such as the Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945), the Japanese Occupation of Singapore (1942-1945), the Chinese Civil War (1945-1949) and self-government for Singapore from June 1959.

改革開放以來，中國正經歷著快速的城鎮化進程、迅猛的經濟增長和深刻的體制變革。中國的城鎮化可分為國家主導城鎮化和自發城鎮化的雙軌過程，其中國家主導城鎮化指城鎮地區非農業人口的增長，而自發城鎮化則包括鄉鎮企業發展推動的農村城鎮化和流動人口鄉－－城遷移這兩種方式。現有研究主要集中于自發城鎮化一軌，忽視了國家主導這一軌的影響。然而，國家主導城鎮化在改革開放之後仍然影響著整個中國的城鎮化進程。此外，中國經濟發展和城鎮化進程的時空分佈往往是不均衡的，但當前研究主要關注區域之間的差異，而缺乏基於縣級單元的區域內部差異的系統研究。
針對已有研究中的不足，本文從三個方面探討在改革開放時期中國雙軌城鎮化進程中不均衡發展的相關問題：（1）雙軌城鎮化不均衡發展的時空演變過程，（2）雙軌城鎮化的動力機制，即在時間和空間維度上，造成雙軌城鎮化發展水準不均衡的決定因素和影響機制，（3）雙軌城鎮化不均衡發展所造成的結果及政策響應。基於歷次人口普查和經濟普查資料，本文以福建省為例，分別從縣級、地級、省級等多空間尺度，深入研究雙軌城鎮化發展不均衡的時空演變特徵，並從宏觀和微觀兩個層面分別探討雙軌城鎮化過程中不均衡發展的內在機理及其發展趨勢。主要研究結果如下：
1、國家主導城鎮化和自發城鎮化在改革時期同時存在，共同影響著福建的城市化發展，並且存在著一定的時空差異。2、促進雙軌城鎮化發展的四種宏觀驅動力（包括行政力、市場力、內源力和外向力）在時間維度和空間維度上存在差異。3、雙軌城鎮化不均衡發展的趨勢主要由城市綜合承載力的差異性決定的。由於經濟發達地區的大城市綜合承載力趨向飽和，外來人口在這些地區的落戶限制仍然嚴格。此外，通過逐步推廣的居住證制度，自發城鎮化在某種程度上逐漸得到政府的直接經濟扶持。儘管由戶籍制度造成的社會不平等仍然存在，但國家主導城鎮化與自發城鎮化的概念界限開始趨於模糊。
With the implementation of the reform and open-door policy, China has experienced rapid urbanization along with significant economic growth and profound institutional changes. China’s urbanization has been conceptualized by both state-sponsored urbanization and spontaneous urbanization, that is, dual-track urbanization. The state-sponsored urbanization refers to the growth of nonagricultural population in urban areas, whereas spontaneous urbanization refers to rural urbanization driven by township and village enterprises (TVEs) and the migration of temporary population to urban areas. Most studies have focused on the spontaneous track, and the state-sponsored track has been largely neglected. State-sponsored urbanization that prevailed in the pre-reform period unceasingly works in the reform period. Moreover, economic development and urbanization in China are uneven over space and time. Nevertheless, previous studies mainly focused on regional inequality, and uneven urbanization at the county level has not been examined systematically.
This study aims to examine the uneven dual-track urbanization in reform China, with a particular focus on (a) the spatial pattern and temporal process of uneven dual-track urbanization, (b) the dynamics of China’s dual-track urbanization and the determinants of uneven levels of dual-track urbanization over time and space, and (c) the consequences and possible policy responses of uneven dual-track urbanization. Fujian Province in Southeastern China is selected for the study case. This study uses data from population and economic censuses and examines the process of uneven dual-track urbanization at the county, prefecture, and provincial levels. The process of uneven dual-track urbanization over space and time is descriptively analyzed. The dynamic mechanism and trend are then further explored at both macro and micro levels using quantitative and qualitative approaches. The main findings are as follows:
(a) The process of uneven dual-track urbanization in Fujian is analyzed. State-sponsored and spontaneous tracks of urbanization have been coexisting since the 1980s. State-sponsored urbanization has always been significant in prefecture-level cities. It is closely related to the policy implementation and socioeconomic conditions. Spontaneous urbanization also shows noticeable temporal and spatial differences.
(b) The macro mechanism of uneven dual-track urbanization is examined. At the macro level, uneven urbanization is mainly driven by four main factors, involving administrative, market, internal, and external forces. The effects of these four driving factors on dual-track urbanization are different in the temporal dimension.
(c) At the micro level, policy makers, entrepreneurs, and residents are directly involved in the process of uneven urbanization. Along with the deepening of hukou system reform, some equivalent benefits are attached to a residence permit. Thus, the temporary population that belongs to spontaneous track has started to enjoy some direct sponsorships from local government in recent years. This finding indicates that spontaneous track has begun to receive state sponsorships. The inequalities caused by the hukou status still exist, but the distinctions of state-sponsored track and spontaneous track have become slightly indistinct.
Lin, Lijie.
Thesis Ph.D. Chinese University of Hong Kong 2016.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves ).
Abstracts also in Chinese.
Title from PDF title page (viewed on …).
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.

碩士
銘傳大學
公共事務學系碩士在職專班
103
In the spirit of “National memory bank：The story of Taiwan”. This main purpose of this research is arousing the concern of the family, land, social emotions, rich Taiwan’s Humanities. The research methods are oral histories and interviews, to understand the story of Matsu in different point of views, in the case of Chen families’ story. The results of the study shows that, no matter in politics or in business, Chen’s family has their place in the history of Matsu, witnessed the changes of times. From 1949 to now on, we depend on Chinese in trade before 1949, under the martial law from 1956 to 1992, and then the vigorous development of tourism industry in the recent years. In the background of this history, Matsu has rich cultural features, including the giant statue of Mazu, the blue sand of natural landscape, and the world’s first tunnel density. The analysis of interviews finds out, every people has their story, the event in the story memory the development process of Matsu, reflect the spirit of “National memory bank：The story of Taiwan”.

博士
國立政治大學
政治學系
87
Since PRC initiated its reform and opening-up policies in 1979, Fujian is one of the important coastal provinces open to the outside world. At the macrolevel the PRC government has even given greater incentives to Taiwanese investors. In fact, the ROC was not even in the PRC investment picture before 1987. But today it holds second place as a source of FDI flows to PRC . The upsurge of Taiwanese investment has been one of the most prominent developments in PRC foreign economic relations in recent years. A wide range of economic,political and cultural imperatives has made FDI from Taiwan most attractive to PRC. PRC seems to be more than willing to bridge its political and ideological schism with Taiwan through improved economic relations. Fujian province has close geographic,historical,cultural,linguistic and religious ties with Taiwan. And if the process of political unification were to be fostered by expanding economic interdependence, Fujian would be the nexus of commerical interchang. This book pioneers a historical research and system theory to analyze the dynamics of Fujian''''s policy for Taiwan investment over the past two decades. We explore in greater detail policy formation,policy resources,policy decision,policy outputs and policy impact. We begin our exploration by steeping back into the past. We examine Fujian''''s Taiwanese investors policy from 1979 to 1997. We also search the role that Beijing has given the province a unique position over Taiwan affairs. On the face of it, Fujian could to offer an interesting case study in the iterplay between national strategy,regional autonomy and central authority.

The Zijinshan ore field is a world class mineral district located in southwest Fujian Province, southeast China. It contains a diverse array of ore deposits hosted by the Zijinshan granite complex and surrounding volcano-sedimentary rocks. Associated deposits include high sulfidation epithermal gold-copper, intermediate sulfidation epithermal polymetallic silver-base metal, and porphyry molybdenum-copper deposits. The Zijinshan high-sulfidation Au-Cu deposit is in the middle of the Zijinshan ore field. Its ore zones are hosted in the Zijinshan lithocap. The granitic host rocks are part of a Jurassic intrusive complex emplaced between 165 and 157 Ma. \(^{40}\)Ar/\(^{39}\)Ar age spectra of hydrothermal alunite indicate that hydrothermal activity at Zijinshan occurred around 103 ± 1.5 Ma and was associated with dacite porphyry dikes that intruded around 105 ± 2.2 Ma. Hydrothermal activity produced pervasive silicic and advanced argillic alteration assemblages that are zoned from a central, massive quartz alteration domain, outward to massive quartz – dickite, disseminated quartz – alunite ± dickite and disseminated quartz – muscovite – dickite zones. There are three principal styles of mineralization at Zijinshan: veins, breccias and disseminations. The ore zones are typically dominated by breccias and veins. Evolution of the Zijinshan hydrothermal system resulted in a sequence of mineral deposition that can be separated into four hypogene stages. Stage 1 is characterized by veins with fine-grained pyrite intergrown with quartz and muscovite. Stage 2 was the earliest stage of hypogene copper mineralization, producing discrete quartz – enargite veins associated with patchy disseminated quartz – pyrophyllite alteration in the host granite. Stage 3 is the most economically important paragenetic stage at Zijinshan – it is characterized by abundant covellite, digenite and abundant or minor pyrite. Stage 4 veins are dominated by dickite or alunite and contain only minor covellite and digenite. The temporal evolution from pyrite – muscovite to enargite – pyrophyllite and covellite – digenite – alunite – dickite assemblages most likely involved cooling coupled with increasing acidity of the mineralizing fluids. The increase in acidity may relate to condensation of acidic magmatic gases, possibly via mixing with shallow-level meteoric waters. Supergene oxidation caused gold enrichment beneath a leached cap in strongly weathered silicic altered rocks in the upper parts of Zijinshan, and depleted copper almost entirely from theweathered zone. Consequently, Zijinshan can be divided into a near-surface oxide gold ore zone that overlies three deeper-seated hypogene copper ore zones. A set of sub-vertical NE-striking faults were active prior to mineralization at Zijinshan. These faults have been reserved at the fold hinge zone of the Xuanhe anticlinorium, which help to localize the emplacement of the Jurassic Zijinshan granite complex. The pre-mineralization faults may be related with a NW-directed compression, which at least still active during Jurassic. A NW-striking fault system developed in the Cretaceous and controlled the emplacement of veins, breccias and dacite dikes. Kinematic indicators show that most of the NW-striking faults were active as normal oblique faults during mineralization. Syn-mineralized structures formed under conditions of subvertical contraction and subhorizontal NNE-trending extension. Post-mineralization ENE-striking dextral strike-slip faults are associated with minor conjugate NNW-striking faults. They are Riedel shears governed by a strike-slip regime defined by a NW-oriented axis of compression and NE-trending axis of extension. Post-mineralization faults are related to transient local variations in stress regimes at the deposit-scale. Changes in the kinematics of pre- and syn- mineralization faults from compression to extension were fundamental to mineralization. Because the changes of regional stress triggered the fault slip, which further enhancing the permeability of the host rocks and facilitating hydrothermal fluid flow. Widespread brecciation occurred during the evolution of the Zijinshan hydrothermal system. The resultant syn-mineralization breccia veins and dikes are important host rocks to mineralization. In order of abundance, breccia subfacies at Zijinshan include hydrothermally-cemented breccia (CM), cement and matrix-bearing breccia (CMX) and matrix-rich breccia (MX). In the northern part of Zijinshan, hydrothermally-cemented breccias occur as sub-parallel breccia veins that strike NW and dip less than 45° NE. Matrix-rich breccias crop out in the southern part of the deposit as 0.2 - 2 m wide dikes that strike NW and dip moderately NE. Cement and matrix-bearing breccias are rare, typically occurring in the center of the deposit. There is minimal superposition of the hydrothermally-cemented breccia and matrix- rich breccia types. The CM, CMX and MX breccias are classified as tectonic-hydrothermal breccias. Their paragenetic relationships indicate that brecciation evolved from attrition to dilation, potentially corresponding to the change from compressional to extensional environments during mineralization. Advanced argillic and silicic alteration were intimately associated with mineralization at Zijinshan and caused significant chemical changes to the host granite and dacite. Mass-balance calculations highlight significant silica addition (up to +80.4 g per 100 g) during silicic alteration, which manifested as both massive and vuggy quartz alteration. Alkali and alkaline earth elements depletion (up to -6.37 g per 100 g) was widespread during all stages of alteration at Zijinshan. Gold and silver were strongly enriched in the silicic altered granite and dacite (up to + 0.67 g per ton and +1.52 g per ton, respectively). Quartz – dickite and quartz – alunite altered rocks are typically the most enriched in copper relative to the least altered protoliths (up to 0.03 g per 100 g and 0.05 g per 100 g, respectively). Alunite has several modes of occurrences at Zijinshan and formed during three hypogene paragenetic stages. Type 1 alunite replaced primary K-feldspar in the granite and dacite. Type 2 alunite is intergrown with covellite and digenite in veins. Type 3 alunite infilled late-stage fractures in the wall rocks. The alunite 1480 nm feature position measured by short-wavelength infrared analyses are consistently higher in type 1 alunite samples collected on the eastern side of the formation (up to 1482.2 nm) compared to the west (up to 1478.8 nm), implying elevated temperatures of alunite deposit to the east, possibly indicating the location of the heat and fluid source for Zijinshan. Given that the mineralized structures at Zijinshan dip moderately (~ 45°) to the NE, the most likely location of a porphyry-style fluid source for Zijinshan would be at depth towards the NE, underneath the Zijinshan lithocap.

Economic reforms towards a market economy have significantly accelerated urbanization and modernization in urban China. During the mid-1990s urban conservation became a significant issue and pressing concern in most Chinese inner cities. The local state has played a principal role in conservation practice under China's administrative and fiscal decentralization process and localization of urban planning encountering challenges of implementation. This study examines current historic district conservation practice in urban China, focusing on the roles of four interest groups—local government, the private sector, the general public and professionals. It concludes by proposing a collaborative approach to urban conservation among state and non-state actors, facilitated by changes to current legal, institutional and funding frameworks capable of meeting the challenge of balancing conflicts between the conservation and redevelopment agendas. The case of Quanzhou is examined in detail to show how the municipal government has conducted historic district conservation in the context of market economy conditions, and then to recommend policies that would support and forward collaborative historic district conservation.

The objective of this thesis is to apply the latest development in Information Technology (IT) and multimedia to contribute and supplement in the formulation of participatory urban design. Using new media tools, this study has concentrated on one specific urban design case in a historic neighborhood in the city of Quanzhou in China. The neighborhood, called Qinglong Xiang, is a residential area containing a high number of fine, traditional, vernacular houses. However, it is suffering the negative impact from fast housing market growth. Recent self-built houses of no local historical architectural value, usually made with imported modern materials and in a style that departs radically from the traditional vernacular, are quickly replacing the old vernacular houses. Through participatory planning approach, the thesis contains a set of incremental urban plan, housing principles, regulations and design guidelines for the historic rehabilitation urban design of the Qinglong Xiang neighborhood. In the format of a multi-media presentation, the thesis provides materials for the establishment of an interactive CD-ROM for both the residents of the neighborhood and the government authorities. In order to facilitate a participatory process, the CD-ROM can be used via an electronic kiosk that is accessible to both sides. The proposed process of participatory, digital, interactive and feedback enabled urban design is considered an avant-garde attempt in China. The interactive multi-media CD-ROM provides foundation upon which future developments in IT and digital community may be implemented to enhance the participatory urban design.

碩士
淡江大學
中國大陸研究所碩士在職專班
98
With the emergence of new public administration and government reform movement in western developed countries, performance management and assessment, as a management method of assessing and improving government performance, have been widely applied in public administration. The implementation of government performance management and assessment by China in 1990s has proved to be successful over the past few years. The current performance management of local governments in China, however, is mostly centered on ex post evaluation and control, and obviously different from the government’s mission and strategies, resulting in the difficulty in effective implementation of strategies. Balanced scorecard, as the tool of performance management and implementation of strategies, connects the mission and strategies through establishment of interrelated performance indicators, leading to the close tie between performance management system and mission and strategies. The introduction of balanced scorecard to the performance management in local governments will effectively resolve the issue how to connect performance management and strategies. Scientific development and harmonious society provide a good opportunity of the application of balanced scorecard in local governments. This study revolves around the analysis and research of the application of performance management in local governments. There are five sections. The first section is to explain the research objective and meaning, and to describe the domestic and foreign background, as well as related concepts. The second section is, on the basis of existing issues of performance management in local governments, to analyze the feasibility of the application of balanced scorecard to performance management from applicability of balanced scorecard, the experiences of foreign and domestic public departments, as well as the favorable conditions owned by local governments. The third section is to redesign the mechanism of balanced scorecard consistent with the characteristics of local governments, in conjunction with the situation of local governments and the reference of the implementation of balanced scorecard in other countries. The fourth section is to exemplify the application of balanced scorecard in Fuzhou City government, in order to elaborate the steps of applying balanced scorecard to performance management in local governments. The fifth section is to suggest that local governments should establish their ideas, strengthen system and raise the information management, in order to provide better conditions for the application of balanced scorecard which can improve government performance. This study suggests it is feasible to introduce balanced scorecard to performance management in local governments. Nonetheless, balanced scorecard is not directly used as an assessing tool. Its core concepts of strategic direction and causality should be applied. The application of balanced scorecard to performance management needs to combine practical adjustment and perfection, which increases the complexity and difficulty in the introduction of balanced scorecard. Meanwhile, this study suggests that the effective application of balanced scorecard to performance management in local governments have to include the support and security of ideas, systems and techniques.

博士
逢甲大學
環境工程與科學學系
106
Since the 1970s, the facts of reducing fossil energy resources and increasing global environmental pressures have made many countries recognize the importance of renewable energy and, therefore, took a series of new policies to speed up the development and utilization of renewable energy. Circular economy is the term for international environmental protection initiatives in recent years. The concepts of recycling organic waste in agriculture and animal husbandry in Western countries are applied to biogas plant for the cogeneration, combined heat and power. China has a large number of biogas digesters but only used in kitchen cooking or heating system which is unable to produce economic benefits. The recovery of kitchen waste, vegetable and fruit wastes are China government's most difficult problem in waste disposal. There are about 70 tonnes of kitchen waste having been composted, burned or buried every day in Pingtan Island, Fujian Province. These wastes are not effectively reused. According to future population estimates, the present research is based on the treatment of daily production of 400 tonnes of kitchen waste using an anaerobic fermentation HyMeTek Technology developed by Feng Chia University. Kitchen waste is convert to valuable products: hydrogen, methane, fertilizers, electricity, carbon dioxide and thermal energy. Digestion residue and digestate is converted into fertilizer and carbon dioxide. This process has the benefits of waste reduction and energy recovery. Produced hydrogen and methane can generate kinetic energy, heat energy and electrical energy through fuel cells for factory and local use, or being used as a fuel for the motorcycle, transportation vehicles, and public vehicles by a power of Chen’s engines. Trading these products in the market or exchanging food waste, fruit and vegetable waste, or agricultural products as barter can be an economy business model. The main objective of the research is to understand effect of digestion for hydrogen and methane production in Pingtan Island and this article is called China's “One Village One Station” circular economy research base. The reactor volumes of the hydrogen tank and methane digester were designed as 800 cubic meters and 4,000 cubic meters, respectively. These two reactors are designed to be operated at 35°C and hydraulic retention times (HRT) of 2 days and 10 days, respectively. The estimated gas production of hydrogen and methane fermentation were 1600 m3/day and 13,900 m3/day, respectively. The total construction cost of the entire plant is estimated to be about 1.7 billion NTD, calculated based on the purchase price of China's biomass power generation (about 3NTD / kWh); annual net benefit is about 132 million NTD with a recovery period of approximately 13.4 years. If the power consumption and income from residue is incorporated, the recovery period is 12.4 years. If the produced biogas is used by Chen’s Engine of 110 c.c. motorcycles, it results in available 6,052 vehicles per day and giving a total distance of 3,312,865 km. In China, we are promoting a plan called “One Village One Station” which is applying agricultural waste, livestock and poultry breeding waste, food processing wastewater and waste, kitchen waste and domestic sewage sludge. It can not only solve various organic wastes pollution problems but also develop various green circular economy modules.

碩士
國立臺灣大學
公共事務研究所
107
Civil servants in public administration system are the actual executors of government will. In mainland China, such a group has grown rapidly after its classification reform. However, the reform itself and tighter political control after the 18th National Congress of CCP have imposed significant pressure on these people. In this context, a conundrum facing China’s government regulators is to properly manage public administration system, so that the administrative law enforcers can be well maintained and achieve better work outcomes. Based on the Job Demand-resource model, this research investigates the burnout level of the administrative law enforcers at the street level in mainland China by adopting a questionnaire method. To closely examine individual experiences of the target group, it has also incorporated multiple in-depth qualitative interviews, which can then serve as the basis for policy analysis. Hence, the research questions of this thesis can be identified as follow. First, it explores individual feelings of burnout, job demand and job resources among the surveyed group. It then builds upwards and try to understand whether differences in personal profile contribute to different levels of job burnout. Finally, it seeks to understand how the feeling of burnout is complicated by the asymmetry between job demand and job resources. Based on the answers to these questions, this thesis then proposes several policy options that might help to bring about better performance in public administration at the local level. The research conducted indicates that the administrative law enforcing civil servants show an above-average level of job burnout in general. The multiple regression analysis also finds that among all the variables in job demand-resource model, only job autonomy and superior support, two factors in the resource dimension, display significant negative correlation with job burnout. Besides, among the variables in personal profile, marital status, educational level and political identity are positively correlated with job burnout, while age shows a strong negative correlation.

碩士
國立臺北教育大學
音樂學系碩士班
102
Abstract Because the two sides across the Taiwan Strait society culture development direction is different,Taiwanese parent to make the kid learn the violin mostly with development interest in the art and literature outside the lesson is main, mainland parent but with the kid give musical performance the acquiring of technical ability for learning violin purpose more with whole country music in China test the class advanced pass or not.For give attention to both local parent's expectation, researcher hence will first degreely test content at two semesters of greatly and in the teaching material, the idea can really finish two semesters and total 24 weeks, curriculum, canning immediately go to test the class.12 weeks in the first semester for basic pull to move the achievement, it lays foundation stones the period, although progress slightly slow, go together with computer music of interesting accompany, the student doesn't feel the teaching material of lifeless, accompanying concerning the computer the musical manufacture method can after text(appendix four). The school authority arranged 36 violins and 9 cellos, all is being grade one to completely have no music experience primary school.The researcher gets 36 violins to be divided into 3 sets and the cello maintains 1 set..The text chapter 4 section 2 is thorough to record it the teaching period of the first semester 12 weeks, teacher and student's, teacher and parent's, lord teacher and interactive situation between the assistant teachers. Although just start the teaching in March, 2013, the researcher launches the child psychology investigation and goes to kid's park to teach a senior teacher, kid the violin teaching the data in Taiwan in November, 2012. All students all have no music learning experience, limited teaching time in every time an hour of the researcher in the violin gives musical performance the technique, besides which, still must give attention to both foundation theory of music and rhythm,etc, therefore controling of teaching procedure is important, this can go into detail in chapter 4 of this text it.Expect conclusions and suggestions in this text chapter 5, can provide for the cross-straits teacher's reference. Keywords: Action Research ,String Ensemble ,Group Teaching