Tesis: "French ministry of Foreign Affairs"

1

Zanifi, Karima. "Les politiques de communication extérieure de la France de 2003 à 2009". Thesis, Paris 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA020003.

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Dans un monde globalisé où compétitivité et concurrence façonnent en partie la scène politique etéconomique internationale, la construction d’une image voire d’une identité via la communication extérieuredevient un outil de puissance. Ces implications se retrouvent de la même manière dans les relations entre unÉtat, la France, et les opinions publiques nationales et étrangères.Cette thèse de doctorat complète le questionnement de la place de la France dans le monde.L’étude de la production de la communication extérieure par l’État, personnifiant la Nation, prend formedans un contexte géopolitique mouvant, caractérisé par une évolution technologique et médiatiquedifficilement prévisible. Elle propose une synthèse de la communication extérieure marquée par les structuresde la Ve République et par la politique étrangère menée par le Ministère des Affaires étrangères et impulséepar le chef de l’État. Les freins psychologiques, le refus de la communication comme outil de visibilité et depouvoir ainsi que les problématiques intérieures pèsent sur l’élaboration de politiques pensées et crédibles.Cette recherche interroge également la légitimité de l’échelle de la communication extérieure de la Francelorsque l’attractivité économique se dispute au niveau régional et que la compétition politique se livre à unniveau supra – national.Ce travail fait état de l’existant afin de proposer la correction de travers nationaux qui compliquent lespolitiques de communication supposées porter la voix de la France dans le monde
In a globalized world partly shaped by competition between nations, building a strong identity andimage is becoming an increasing tool of power.Producing such a good image and appearance is similarly important when it comes to relationshipsbetween states as to relationships between France and its own public opinion or foreign publicopinion. That’s where foreign communication and public diplomacy counts.This PhD thesis aims at providing another point of view and an answer to the French questioningabout France’s place in the world nowadays.Mainly managed by the French foreign office, foreign communication policies represent the will ofthe government and express its directions more than a French identity.The characteristics of the French tradition of diplomacy and international relations are marked by thespecificity of the Vth Republic. The governments’ foreign policies between 2003 and 2009 follow thenew strategy of France as a member of the international community building and preserving peace.Ambitions for France as an independent and important nation have to find a foundation in its actionsas well as a translation in the medias.The skills and means devoted to the foreign communicationpolicies appear to miss some points.We looked at the current situation to reveal the lacks and strengths of the process. Our work alsointend to suggest ways of imagining, building and managing operational policies and campaignsthroughout the world this next years.Psychological pressures from domestical tradition of rejecting communication refrains the population in itsself-representation and so far the country from entering the cognitive war this new century brought in

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2

Drira, Abdelhamid. "Albert de Biberstein Kazimirski (1808–1887) : Fleuron de l’orientalisme franco-polonais". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022SORUL064.

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Cette thèse présente Albert de Biberstein Kazimirski (1808–1887) à travers trois prismes : l’exilé polonais, l’orientaliste et le diplomate. L’enquête se base sur une multitude de sources réunies à travers une dizaine de pays en Europe. Kazimirski est un patriote polonais acteur de l’Insurrection de 1830-31. Il étudia les langues orientales en Pologne, en Allemagne et en France. Drogman de l’ambassade française en Iran en 1839-40, il fit une carrière respectable avec trente-six années de services au sein du ministère des Affaires étrangères en tant qu’interprète persan et agent de liaison officieux avec l’Hôtel Lambert. Il se démarqua durant la guerre de Crimée et à l’occasion du Traité de paix de 1857 entre l’Angleterre et la Perse. Il fut fait officier de la Légion d’honneur, et était consulté par les Princes Czartoryski. Auteur de la plus populaire des traductions francophones du Coran et du premier dictionnaire arabe français, il est un arabisant de référence jusqu’aujourd’hui. Pourtant, il était surtout spécialiste de la Perse, même s’il a toujours échoué à obtenir une chaire au Collège de France et à l’École des langues orientales. La découverte de la vie et de l’œuvre de cet homme est associée à l’exploration de certains aspects peu exploités des rapports entre l’Orient et l’Occident au XIXe siècle. Ainsi, cette recherche propose la première étude globale des linguistes polonais du ministère des Affaires étrangères à travers le monde au XIXe siècle. De plus, une synthèse nouvelle de l’histoire et des spécificités de l’orientalisme polonais en Europe est présentée, permettant de pleinement apprécier Kazimirski comme un fleuron de l’orientalisme franco-polonais
This thesis presents Albert de Biberstein Kazimirski (1808–1887) through three prisms: the Polish exiled, the orientalist and the diplomat. The investigation is based on a multitude of sources gathered throughout ten countries in Europe. Kazimirski was a Polish patriot actor of the Uprising of 1830-31. He studied oriental languages in Poland, Germany and France. Dragoman of the French Embassy in Iran in 1839-40, he had a respectable career for thirty-six years of at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs as a Persian interpreter and an unofficial liaison officer with the Hôtel Lambert. He stood out during the Crimean War and the 1857 Peace Treaty between England and Persia. He was nominated as an officer of the Légion d’honneur and was consulted by the Czartoryski Princes. Author of the most popular French translation of the Koran and of the first Arabic -French dictionary, he has been considered as a prominent Arabist until today. However, he first was a Persian specialist, even if he always failed to obtain a chair at the Collège de France and at the École des langues orientales. The discovery of the life and work of this man is associated with the exploration of certain little-known aspects of the relations between the Eastern and Western parts of the world in the 19th century. Thus, this research offers the first comprehensive study of the Polish linguists of the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs worldwide during the 19th century. In addition, a new synthesis of the history and specificities of Polish Orientalism in Europe is presented, allowing Kazimirski to be fully appreciated as a jewel of Franco-Polish Orientalism

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3

Illyashov, Oleksiy M. "Development of the information infrastructure for the ministry of foreign affairs of Ukraine". Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1999. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA361871.

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Thesis (M.S. in Information Technology Management) Naval Postgraduate School, March 1999.
"March 1999". Thesis advisor(s): James Emery, Rex Buddenberg. Includes bibliographical references (p. 97-101). Also available online.

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4

Stoum, Tina Maria Sæteraas. "Sexually (Dis)orientated? : Conceptualizing the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs’ Promotion of LGBT Rights". Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for tverrfaglige kulturstudier, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-19446.

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In the mid-00s, Norway began announcing itself as an international advocator for lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) rights. This thesis takes a close look at the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs’ policy of LGBT rights promotion in foreign countries. The analytical focus is on how the Ministry conceptualizes sexuality and nationhood in its official documents on the subject. The thesis seeks to identify how the problem of human rights violations of LGBT persons is presented, what assumptions the Ministry’s understanding is based upon, the production of subjects within its reach, as well as potential dilemmas that may come as consequences of the concurrent framework of understanding. The Ministry’s policy can be understood as a continuation of the Gay and Lesbian, now LGBT, movement taking place in Norway over the last couple of decades. In the view of the Ministry, the movement may be successfully exported to places around the world who have not reached as “far” as the Norwegian society. Within this presentation lies a notion of the term sexual orientation as consisting of specific sexual categories/minorities that have a universal, and to some extent permanent, personality characteristic. The thesis also finds a tendency within the Ministry’s documents to present Norway as tolerant and modern in comparison to the recipients of Norway’s LGBT assistance, as these countries are in lack of something the Norwegian state can and will offer. After examining the concurrent understanding of LGBT rights, its subjects, and the representation of Norway, the thesis take use of recent anthropological and ethnographical literary works in an attempt to relate them with the Ministry’s understanding and aims. How do they compare – and may hypothetically these cases of same-sex relations and desire be eligible for Norwegian LGBT support? The measures within the Ministry’s reach are indeed well-intended, but as the policy is based upon particular terms and framework of understanding, the thesis finds a narrower reach than originally sought by the Ministry; advocating LGBT rights and advocating sexual freedom are not necessarily coinciding.

Masteroppgave 52,5 stp.

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5

Huxley, Aino. "Discovering Digital Diplomacy: The Case of Mediatization in the Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Medier och kommunikation, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-232372.

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The increasing importance of media, especially digital media, in society has been studied widely, from identity formation to activist movements. In international relations studies digital media’s impact has focused considerably on public diplomacy 2.0. This focus has caused a more holistic view of digital diplomacy to be neglected. This study explores how digital media’s impacts as a part of mediatization are seen within the Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland. Semi-structured interviews with 11 officials from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs were conducted. These led to the creation of three thematic fields. The first one looks into how the agency of the Ministry is seen to be impacted by digitalization. The second section looks into how community building is seen as essential. And the third part investigated how the ministry evaluates the impacts of digitalization on other ministries of foreign affairs in the light of its own experience. The finding is that the ministry is expanding into a new digital sphere and that in the process of so doing the Ministry is not a tabula rasa, but it mirrors the cultural and political context of the country within the online sphere.

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6

Santana, Yudelka. "Changes and Challenges in Diplomacy: An Evaluation of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in the Dominican Republic". Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6379.

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This research analyzes why diplomacy is failing in the Dominican Republic. In this thesis, I describe how Dominicans construct their foreign affairs, and the limitations that diplomacy has had in the country. In order to achieve these goals, I have analyzed official documents such as the 2013 and 2015 payrolls of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and legal documents including Article 146 from the Constitution, Organic Law 314 from 1964, and the Protocol of Transparency and Institutions. I argue that the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in the Dominican Republic lacks seriousness and is characterized by the following variables: (1) patronage, (2) corruption, and (3) the systematic violation of Dominican law. The thesis emphasizes how these variables have had a tremendous impact on the exercise of diplomacy. The research analyzes the reaction of the Dominican state and its citizens and how the nation responds to criticisms by the international community. Dominican citizens think that the opinion of international media is a campaign against their country. The implications of this false public perception is an intense nationalism, and the government encourages this. The true problem, as this thesis demonstrates, is institutional weakness. The government uses intense and widespread nationalism to hide institutional weakness and state corruption. After exploring this dialogue between the government, citizens and international media, I move forward framing concepts such as soft power and new public diplomacy to reinforce the importance of listening to foreign publics. In addition I explain why the country needs to change the traditional approach to foreign affairs. The adoption of a new public diplomacy is required to establish credibility and the integration between state, citizens and international publics.

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7

Tameem, Jamal Abbas. "User Satisfaction in a Government Library : A Case Study of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Saudi Arabia". Thesis, University of North Texas, 1991. http://books.google.com/books?id=VMzgAAAAMAAJ.

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8

Baird, Clayton Ray. "Style and substance: Franklin D. Roosevelt and U.S.-French relations, 1938-1942". Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1073.

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Historians of American diplomatic history during the Roosevelt administration have long debated whether President Roosevelt tricked Americans into the Second World War. Historians have looked at the personalities of Roosevelt and his key advisors to see if a hidden agenda was followed. U.S.-French relations highlight this divide. Did Roosevelt conspire in the fall of France, as the conspiratorialists claim, or did he simply react? With most historians focusing on Roosevelt himself, few have examined the systemic causes of America's failure to aid France. This study investigates how Roosevelt's style of governance and administration affected American foreign policy toward France. It concludes that the system of foreign-policy-making Roosevelt established made the outcome of American policy toward France-in particular the fall of France in 1940-nearly inevitable.

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9

Pomorska, Karolina. "Poland and the common foreign and security policy of the European Union : from adaptation to Europeanisation?" Thesis, Loughborough University, 2008. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/8029.

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Practitioners and academics clearly established that participation in the EU system of foreign policy-making transforms national foreign policies. Whilst there have been detailed studies of the impact of participation in EU foreign policy on the original fifteen member states there are, as yet, few academic studies that have thoroughly investigated the impact of progressive integration in the area of EU foreign and security policy on the new (i.e. those who joined since 2004) member states. This thesis aims to address this deficit by focusing on the impact of Poland's participation in the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP). It examines the processes of 'downloading', as it is argued here that involvement in CFSP has had a direct effect on both the procedures of foreign policy-making in the Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA) and, on the substance of Polish foreign policy as well as the impact of 'uploading' from member states to the EU level and 'crossloading' between EU member states. The thesis addresses the relevant conceptual issues and provides an outline of the academic debate regarding Europeanisation and foreign policy. It identifies three mechanisms that are responsible for change: conditionality, socialisation and learning. It suggests that a member state first adapts its national foreign policy to bring it in line with the EU's acquis politique and introduces basic changes in its institutional procedures in order to effectively participate in the EU's CFSP. Only later, does socialisation and learning result in changes to how national foreign policy is made, which then facilitates both changes to the substance of national policy and the uploading of national preferences to the EU level. A two-phase model of change is introduced which identifies April 2003, when Poland first became an active observer within the EU, as the date when Europeanisation began. The thesis provides a brief explanation of the transformation of Polish foreign policy after 1989, in order to provide contextual background for the four substantive chapters which follow: one procedural on the changes in the Polish MFA and three related to policy substance. The latter three chapters examine the Europeanisation of policy towards Poland's East European neighbours in general and policies towards Ukraine and Belarus in particular. The thesis concludes with a set of methodological and conceptual observations followed by analysis of the empirical findings.

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10

Lebo, Franklin Barr. "Between Bureaucracy and Democracy: Regulating Administrative Discretion in Japan". Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1365802091.

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11

Georgiadou, Eleni. "Re-evaluating the greek foreign policy system in a transforming world politics". Thesis, Loughborough University, 2011. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/9081.

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The present thesis evaluates the responses of the contemporary Greek foreign policy structures and processes, conceptualised as the Greek foreign policy system, in the face of the transformation of world politics. This transformation, precipitated by the concurrent complex processes of globalisation and regionalisation, pose empirical and analytical challenges to the national management of foreign policy. Consequently, government departments and agencies assigned with responsibility for the conduct of what has been traditionally termed foreign policy, namely the national foreign policy machinery with the foreign ministry and the diplomatic network at its core, find themselves challenged as roles and responsibilities are relocated. Such change underpins the machinery s institutional responses and the need to rethink its role and structure. The thesis synthesises several literatures, primarily those identified with international relations, transformational foreign policy analysis, and new approaches to diplomatic studies informed by insights from institutionalist approaches. This is combined with extensive fieldwork within the Greek bureaucracy and the diplomatic network, and seeks to cast light on a relatively understudied area: namely the organisation and nature of the Greek foreign policy system in an era of considerable change. The thesis draws a dual image of the contemporary Greek foreign policy system which displays elements of both continuity and change. According to the first image, the Greek foreign policy machinery embraces contemporary foreign policy developments, and is enmeshed in a process of change and adaptation as a response to its changing operational environment. The second image depicts the foreign policy system as traditionalist conforming to geopolitical approaches, which are linked to compartmentalisation in the organisation of foreign policy. This image is supported by evidence which suggests that the Greek foreign policy machinery is infused with elements of hierarchy, centralisation and verticality in its organisation, which prevent the adoption of integrated and horizontal models prescribed by globalist approaches to the management of foreign policy.

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12

Hassoun, Abou Jaoudé Carmen. "La fondation du ministère des Affaires étrangères du Liban sous la présidence de Béchara El-Khoury (1943-1952) : l'institutionnalisation de la politique étrangère et ses limites". Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON10061.

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Cette étude traite de la fondation du ministère des Affaires étrangères du Liban sous le mandat du président Béchara El-Khoury (septembre 1943-septembre 1952), premier chef d'État du Liban indépendant. La création de cette institution étatique a été un enjeu dans le processus d'affranchissement national qui a mis fin au mandat français. L'étude met en évidence la contribution du ministère des Affaires étrangères au parachèvement de l'indépendance et, en particulier, son rôle dans les négociations que le Liban a menées en 1946 en vue de l'évacuation des troupes franco-britanniques de son territoire et qui ont permis à la jeune diplomatie libanaise de faire ses premières preuves. Elle analyse l'oeuvre de structuration du ministère, l'organisation de son administration centrale, la formation de son cadre diplomatique et consulaire ainsi que la création de ses premières légations à l'étranger. Mais au-delà de l'institution étatique et en lien direct avec elle, l'étude s'intéresse à sa fonction, la politique étrangère, et sa transformation, sous le régime de l'indépendance, en politique publique à part entière. Elle met l'accent sur le champ politique, idéologique et social dans lequel le ministère des Affaires étrangères a évolué et la politique étrangère a été élaborée. Elle analyse les parcours et les motivations des "pères fondateurs" du Liban indépendant et les principes de base de leur politique étrangère qui ont guidé le ministère des Affaires étrangères de 1943 à 1952. L'étude tente, enfin, de montrer les limites de l'institutionnalisation de la politique étrangère libanaise à l'épreuve des crises régionales et internationales, notamment l'émergence de la Guerre froide et du conflit israélo-arabe, et leurs répercussions sur les équilibres nationaux institués par le Pacte de 1943
This study deals with the foundation of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Lebanon under the Presidency of Bishara El-Khoury (September 1943-September 1952), the first President of the independent Lebanon. The formation of this institution was an important issue in the process that leads Lebanon to its independence and to the end of the French Mandate. The study focuses on the contribution of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in this struggle and particularly its role in the negotiations that Lebanon conducted for the evacuation of the French and British troops from its territory, which allowed the young Lebanese diplomacy to experiment its first success. The study also analyses the structuring work of the Ministry, the setting up of its central administration, the formation of its diplomatic and consular staff and the creation of its first diplomatic missions abroad. However, beyond the institution and in close connection with it, the study focuses on its function, the foreign policy, under the independence regime and its transformation into a full public policy. It emphasizes on the political, ideological and social ground in which the ministry was developed and the foreign policy elaborated. It analyses the political career and the motivations of the founding fathers of the independent Lebanon and the principles of their foreign policy that guided the Ministry of Foreign Affairs from 1943 to 1952. The study, finally, try to show the limits of the institutionalization of the Lebanese foreign policy that experiments its first regional and international crisis, particularly the rise of the Cold war and the Israeli-Arab conflict, and their consequences on the national balance established by the Pact of 1943

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13

Bonfim, Camila Verbisck Alcântara. "Assessoria de Imprensa do Gabinete do Itamaraty na Diplomacia Pública Brasileira: Estudo sobre Cultura Organizacional e Excelência em Relações Públicas". Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/27/27154/tde-03122018-143432/.

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A Diplomacia Pública trata da comunicação dos temas de política externa de um país para participar na discussão do tema no país, apresentando como objetivo verificar como as características da cultura organizacional do Itamaraty impactam no papel da Assessoria de Imprensa do Gabinete do Ministério das Relações Exteriores no desenvolvimento da Diplomacia Pública. A análise foi realizada em comparação aos princípios elaborados por James Grunig (2002) na Teoria da Excelência em Relações Públicas. Os dados selecionados para análise de conteúdo foram recolhidos por meio de entrevistas com diplomatas ligados à Assessoria de Imprensa do Gabinete, diplomatas externos à Assessoria do Gabinete e jornalistas com experiência na cobertura de temas internacionais. A pesquisa foi complementada com dados extraídos da análise do site do Itamaraty e de suas redes sociais oficiais: Facebook, YouTube, Twitter, Flickr, SoundCloud e Instagram. O estudo revelou que as características organizacionais do Itamaraty como bacharelismo, formalismo, espírito de corpo e elitismo estão presentes na Assessoria de Imprensa do Gabinete, de maneira a impactar nas atividades de Diplomacia Pública, distanciando-as dos princípios da Teoria da Excelência de Grunig (2002).
Public Diplomacy addresses the communication of a country\'s foreign policy to the international public opinion. Considered to be an interdi sci pl i nary theme between Communication and International Relations, the Public Diplomacy a theme scarcely researched in Brazil. This dissertation intends to participate in the discussion of the subject in the country, aiming to verify how the characteristics of Itamaraty\'s organizational culture impact on the role of the Press Office of the Cabinet of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in the development of Public Diplomacy. The analysis was carried out in comparison to the principles elaborated by James Grunig (2002) i n the Theory of Excellence i n Public Relations. The data selected for the analysis were col I ected through interviews with diplomats I inked to the Press Office of the Cabi net, diplomats outside the Press Office and journalists with experience in the coverage of international issues. The research was complemented with data extracted from the analysis of the Itamaraty\'s website and official social networks: Facebook, YouTube, Twitter, Flickr, SoundCloud and Instagram. The study revealed that the organizational characteristics of Itamaraty as bachelorism, formalism, esprit de corps, and elitism are present in the Press Office of the Cabinet, in a manner that it impacts the activities of Public Diplomacy, distancing them from the principles of Grunig\'s Theory of Excellence (2002).

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14

Levaillant, Mélissa. "Le ministère des Affaires étrangères indien (1947-2015) : la production d’une diplomatie sous-dimensionnée". Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016IEPP0025/document.

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Afin d’analyser la posture diplomatique actuelle de l’Inde sur la scène internationale, ce travail de recherche étudie les processus d’institutionnalisation et d’adaptation du ministère des Affaires étrangères indien de 1947 à 2015. Le dispositif théorique de cette thèse conjugue les recherches menées sur l’adaptation des ministères des Affaires étrangères comme acteurs centraux de la diplomatie et la sociologie politique des institutions. En effet, on ne peut comprendre l’évolution de la diplomatie indienne que si on l’analyse à partir d’une démarche micro sociologique, par l’étude de ses lieux de production. Ces lieux désignent dans un sens restreint l’organisation du ministère des Affaires étrangères et le rôle qui y est joué par les diplomates. Dans un sens plus large, ils renvoient à l’interaction de ce ministère avec l’environnement diplomatique national et international. Cette thèse vise à démontrer la façon dont la vulnérabilité du ministère des Affaires étrangères indien, déterminée par son sous-dimensionnement structurel et sa marginalisation croissante dans le processus de décision, conditionne son adaptation graduelle aux évolutions de la mondialisation. Cette adaptation se manifeste par la plus grande importance donnée aux pratiques de « low diplomacy » comme la diplomatie économique, publique et consulaire. Mais elle reste fortement limitée, ce qui explique la posture diplomatique prudente de l’Inde sur la scène internationale, contrainte par la priorité donnée au développement économique du pays
In order to analyse the evolution of India’s diplomacy, this work studies the adaptation of the Indian Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) from 1947 to 2015, using a sociological approach to institutions. We argue that the evolution of Indian diplomacy can be better understood by studying its production at a micro level, which relates both to the organisation of the MEA and its interactions with other actors of Indian diplomacy. This work shows that the vulnerability of the Indian MEA is determined by its structural weaknesses and its growing marginalisation within the foreign policy decision making process. This vulnerability restrains the MEA’s adaptation to the evolutions of globalisation. The adaptation is gradual and is manifested by the growing importance given to the practice of low diplomacy (economic, public and consular diplomacy). Nevertheless, it remains greatly limited and constrained by domestic imperatives of economic development. That explains, to a large extent, many of India’s prudent diplomatic decisions

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15

Stridsman, Jacob. "Sverige och Koreakriget : en studie av Sveriges hållning till Koreakonflikten 1947-1953". Doctoral thesis, Umeå University, Department of historical, philosophical and religious studies, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1801.

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The aim of this thesis is to describe and analyse the Swedish policy towards the Korean Conflict 1947–1953. “Swedish policy” means primarily the Swedish Government’s policy, but also the action taken by the Swedish Ministry for Foreign Affairs and the Swedish Defence Staff.

When the UN treated the issue of Korea in the years before the outbreak of the Korean War in June 1950 the Swedish government abstained from voting for reasons of principle or legality, namely that the Korean issue belonged to the peace regulations after the Second World War, in which Sweden, as an ex-neutral state, considered that it should not participate.

During the Korean War 1950–1953 the Swedish government almost consistently and in many different ways supported the US-led coalition in defence of South Korea. Although never officially mentioned, this support was given with considerable uneasiness. This uneasiness stemmed not only from fears that the neutrality policy would be compromised in the eyes of the Soviet Union but also from fears of what the reaction would be like in Sweden. The fear concerned two things: that the public support for Sweden joining the Western alliance would be strengthened, and that there would be negative reactions among their own crack units, who were regarded as neutrality supporters. Certain elements in the policy adopted by the Government have been judged as attempts to try to counteract this.

Due to its status as non-aligned country without combat troops in Korea Sweden was given a number of assignments of a mediating and bridging nature during the Korean War. The Swedish government had worries that some of those assignments would be expensive and difficult to carry out. But Sweden had an obvious interest in putting an end to the war and the government also realized that the fact that Sweden was given such missions could be used to justify the Swedish policy of neutrality.

The Korean War broke out quickly and surprisingly and was initially mobile and fluctuating with several dramatic changes in the successes in the field. Throughout the war, also when the warfare had become more static and the armistice negotiations had started, there was a latent threat of escalation towards a major war between East and West. The Swedish foreign and security policy experts in the Ministry for Foreign Affairs and the Defence Staff could not predict the outbreak of the Korean War and all the dramatic shifts, but they had an accurate basic attitude concerning the two superpowers’ desire to avoid a world war and restrict the Korean War to Korea.

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Prado, Mayra do [UNESP]. "A atuação do Centro de Informações do Exterior (CIEx) do Itamaraty de 1966 a 1986: a reexternalização do conflito ideológico". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/150369.

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O período que compreende o regime militar brasileiro foi marcado pela apropriação e aplicação de uma nova concepção estratégica de segurança baseada na Doutrina de Segurança Nacional (DSN). Os conceitos de “fronteira ideológica”, “inimigo interno” e a própria flexibilização do termo “comunismo” conduziram os governos autoritários do Brasil e do Cone Sul a um alinhamento ideológico e à cooperação na área de segurança que se materializaram, entre outras formas, na constituição de uma comunidade de informações. No Brasil, as atividades de busca, coleta e produção de informações em âmbito interno estiveram sob o controle do Serviço Nacional de Informações (SNI) e, externamente, a cargo do Centro de Informações do Exterior (CIEx), o qual teve significativa importância na consolidação e difusão da perspectiva anticomunista no continente sul-americano. Sua existência e seu vínculo com o Ministério das Relações Exteriores suscitam questionamentos sobre a participação deste em atividades realizadas durante o regime autoritário, ainda que sempre tenha buscado manter uma imagem de neutralidade quanto às questões de política interna, e indica um possível envolvimento diplomático na Operação Condor. As informações reveladas pelos documentos oficiais recém-abertos e as raras e divergentes opiniões de pesquisadores sobre a participação do Itamaraty no regime militar são fontes de análise desta pesquisa, cujo objetivo é compreender o funcionamento do CIEx durante o regime militar brasileiro, tendo em vista três formas de atuação que o mesmo empreendeu ao longo de sua existência. A análise consiste na comparação entre a dinâmica de desenvolvimento do sistema nacional de Inteligência nas principais potências mundiais e nos países do Cone Sul, especialmente o Brasil, onde a criação de um órgão como o CIEx refletiu a “reexternalização” do conflito ideológico.
The appropriation and application of a new strategic concept of security based on the National Security Doctrine (NDS) have marked the Brazilian military regime’s period. The concepts of "ideological borders", "internal enemy" and the flexibility given to the term "communism" led the Brazil and Southern Cone’s authoritarian governments to an ideological alignment and cooperation in the area of security, which has turned into a Constitution of a community of information. In Brazil, the National Information Service (NIS) was in the control of collecting the activities reports collection and producing of information in the internal scope, whereas the External Information Center (EIC) played an important role in the consolidation and dissemination of anti-Communist perspective on the South American continent. Its existence and its link with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA) raise questions about the participation of this Ministry in activities held during the authoritarian regime, although it has always sought to maintain an image of neutrality on the issues of domestic politics, and indicate a possible diplomatic involvement in Operation Condor. The information revealed by the newly opened official documents and the rare and divergent opinions of researchers on the participation of the MFA in the military regime are sources of analysis of this research, whose goal is to understand the functioning of EIC during the Brazilian military regime, take into consideration three forms of action that it has taken over its existence. This analysis compares the dynamics of development of the national intelligence system in major world powers and the Southern Cone countries’, especially Brazil, where the creation of a mechanism like EIC reflected the "reexternalization" of ideological conflict.

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17

Champonnois, Sylvain. "L’armée de l’air et l’innovation technologique (1945-1966)". Thesis, Paris 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA040174.

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De 1945 à 1966, l’évolution de l’armée de l’air française dépend en grande partie des innovations technologiques. L’objet de la présente thèse est d’expliquer comment elle a été capable, technologiquement et structurellement, de passer d’une situation où elle est jugée désuète à une situation dans laquelle elle se tient en tête du dispositif de défense nationale et se positionne comme la troisième force aérienne mondiale. Nous identifions trois périodes essentielles dans la mutation de son expertise technologique. De 1945 à 1950, elle relève plusieurs défis, à l’image de l’intensification des transferts technologiques, de l’aviation à réaction, dans le contexte naissant de la guerre froide. Pour la période 1951-1958, elle suit un cycle de modernisation accélérée malgré les guerres coloniales, sous l’impulsion de l’aide aide américaine, à l’image du développement de programmes aéronautiques et de l’utilisation de missiles. Enfin, de 1959 à 1966, l’armée de l’air s’adapte aux stratégies et aux armes nouvelles dont le nucléaire. Cette période clé aboutit à l’entrée en service du système d’armes stratégique piloté Mirage IV, dans un environnement marqué par de multiples mutations structurelles et par la sortie du commandement militaire intégré de l’OTAN
From 1945 to 1966, the evolution of the French Air Force largely depends on technological innovations. The aim of this thesis is to analyze how it became able – both technologically and structurally – to pass from a situation in which it was considered as an old-fashioned entity to the head of the national defense system, thus establishing itself as the third Air Force power. To do so, we identify three essential periods, which illustrate its shift to develop progressively its technological expertise. From 1945 to 1950, it meets several challenges such as technological transfers and jet-powered planes in the early years of the Cold War. From 1951 until 1958, it follows a fast modernization trend in spite of the Colonial Wars, as depicted through the development of aeronautical programs and the use of missiles, in a context of American Help. From 1959 to 1966, the French Air Force then adapts to both nuclear-based weapons and strategies, such as piloted strategic armament systems Mirage IV and structural transfers taken out of the military command integrated by NATO

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18

Varlan, Olivier. "Armand-Louis de Caulaincourt, duc de Vicenze (1773-1827). Étude d’une carrière diplomatique sous le Premier Empire, de la cour de Napoléon au ministère des Relations extérieures". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 4, 2013. http://ezproxy.normandie-univ.fr/login?url=https://www.numeriquepremium.com/doi/10.14375/NP.9782369426998.

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Officier de cavalerie originaire de la noblesse picarde, Armand de Caulaincourt (1773-1827) gravit rapidement tous les échelons de la cour consulaire puis impériale, devenant en 1804 grand-écuyer de l’Empire. Mais, malgré l’importance de ses fonctions curiales, Napoléon le destine à une carrière de diplomate. Après différentes missions, il le nomme ambassadeur de France en Russie, à la fin de l’année 1807. Fervent partisan de l’alliance de Tilsit, Caulaincourt participe à toutes les grandes négociations franco-russes mais doit assister à la lente dégradation des relations entre les deux empires. À son retour à Paris en 1811, son bilan politique est maigre. Sa défense opiniâtre du tsar Alexandre, mais surtout son opposition à la campagne militaire qui se prépare, irritent Napoléon. Elles lui permettent toutefois d’acquérir une nouvelle stature après le désastre de Russie : pour ses contemporains Caulaincourt devient l’« homme de la paix ». Une image que Napoléon réutilise lorsqu’il le charge de le représenter aux congrès de Prague (1813) et de Châtillon (1814). Le duc de Vicence, devenu ministre des Relations extérieures, ne parvient pas à faire accepter la paix ; il lui faut finalement négocier l’abdication de Napoléon et renoncer, après les Cent-Jours, à toute carrière politique. Cette étude, qui s’appuie sur les archives personnelles de Caulaincourt et ses célèbres Mémoires, entend redonner toute son importance à cette figure majeure du Premier Empire, en insistant sur son action et sa pensée dans le domaine de la diplomatie. L’exemple de ce parcours devant permettre de contribuer à reconsidérer et réévaluer le rôle du personnel diplomatique napoléonien
A cavalry officer born into Picardy's landed gentry, Armand de Caulaincourt rose rapidly through the ranks of the consular, and later the imperial court, to become in 1804 Grand Squire of the Empire. However, notwithstanding the importance of his curial functions, Napoleon destined him to a diplomatic career. After several missions, he was appointed as Ambassador of France to Russia (1807). Caulaincourt took part in all the major negotiations between France and Russia, but was forced to witness a slow breakdown in relations between the two Empires. At the time of his return to Paris in 1811, his political accomplishments were unimpressive. His stalwart defense of Tsar Alexander, and especially his opposition to the upcoming military campaign, were an irritation to Napoleon. Nevertheless, these stances allowed him to gain new stature after the disaster in Russia : in the eyes of his contemporaries, he became the “Peacemaker”, an image Napoleon used to his advantage by appointing him his representative at the congresses in Prague (1813) and in Châtillon (1814). The Duke of Vicenza, now Minister for Foreign Affairs, could not, however, broker an agreement in favour of peace : he was forced to negotiate Napoleon's abdication and to give up any hope of political career after the Hundred Days. This study, based on Caulaincourt's personal records and famous Memoirs, aims at restoring a major figure of the First French Empire to his due importance, while focusing on his action and thought in the field of diplomacy. The exemplary value of his career should also allow historians to reconsider and reevaluate the role of Napoleon's diplomatic personnel

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19

Varlan, Olivier. "Armand-Louis de Caulaincourt, duc de Vicenze (1773-1827). Étude d’une carrière diplomatique sous le Premier Empire, de la cour de Napoléon au ministère des Relations extérieures". Thesis, Paris 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA040252.

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Officier de cavalerie originaire de la noblesse picarde, Armand de Caulaincourt (1773-1827) gravit rapidement tous les échelons de la cour consulaire puis impériale, devenant en 1804 grand-écuyer de l’Empire. Mais, malgré l’importance de ses fonctions curiales, Napoléon le destine à une carrière de diplomate. Après différentes missions, il le nomme ambassadeur de France en Russie, à la fin de l’année 1807. Fervent partisan de l’alliance de Tilsit, Caulaincourt participe à toutes les grandes négociations franco-russes mais doit assister à la lente dégradation des relations entre les deux empires. À son retour à Paris en 1811, son bilan politique est maigre. Sa défense opiniâtre du tsar Alexandre, mais surtout son opposition à la campagne militaire qui se prépare, irritent Napoléon. Elles lui permettent toutefois d’acquérir une nouvelle stature après le désastre de Russie : pour ses contemporains Caulaincourt devient l’« homme de la paix ». Une image que Napoléon réutilise lorsqu’il le charge de le représenter aux congrès de Prague (1813) et de Châtillon (1814). Le duc de Vicence, devenu ministre des Relations extérieures, ne parvient pas à faire accepter la paix ; il lui faut finalement négocier l’abdication de Napoléon et renoncer, après les Cent-Jours, à toute carrière politique. Cette étude, qui s’appuie sur les archives personnelles de Caulaincourt et ses célèbres Mémoires, entend redonner toute son importance à cette figure majeure du Premier Empire, en insistant sur son action et sa pensée dans le domaine de la diplomatie. L’exemple de ce parcours devant permettre de contribuer à reconsidérer et réévaluer le rôle du personnel diplomatique napoléonien
A cavalry officer born into Picardy's landed gentry, Armand de Caulaincourt rose rapidly through the ranks of the consular, and later the imperial court, to become in 1804 Grand Squire of the Empire. However, notwithstanding the importance of his curial functions, Napoleon destined him to a diplomatic career. After several missions, he was appointed as Ambassador of France to Russia (1807). Caulaincourt took part in all the major negotiations between France and Russia, but was forced to witness a slow breakdown in relations between the two Empires. At the time of his return to Paris in 1811, his political accomplishments were unimpressive. His stalwart defense of Tsar Alexander, and especially his opposition to the upcoming military campaign, were an irritation to Napoleon. Nevertheless, these stances allowed him to gain new stature after the disaster in Russia : in the eyes of his contemporaries, he became the “Peacemaker”, an image Napoleon used to his advantage by appointing him his representative at the congresses in Prague (1813) and in Châtillon (1814). The Duke of Vicenza, now Minister for Foreign Affairs, could not, however, broker an agreement in favour of peace : he was forced to negotiate Napoleon's abdication and to give up any hope of political career after the Hundred Days. This study, based on Caulaincourt's personal records and famous Memoirs, aims at restoring a major figure of the First French Empire to his due importance, while focusing on his action and thought in the field of diplomacy. The exemplary value of his career should also allow historians to reconsider and reevaluate the role of Napoleon's diplomatic personnel

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Carmo, Gessica Fernanda do [UNESP]. "Os soldados de terno?: ruptura, crise e reestruturação da diplomacia brasileira (1964-1969)". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/154035.

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Este trabalho aborda o papel do Ministério das Relações Exteriores (MRE-Itamaraty) após o golpe de Estado de março de 1964, especificamente durante as gestões Castelo Branco (1964- 1967) e Costa e Silva (1967-1969). Sustentamos que o órgão não é uma burocracia insulada, mas sim um órgão que pode, como qualquer outra instituição, assimilar interesses políticos e ideológicos dos governantes do momento e atuar em função destes. Argumentamos que isso vale também para seu comportamento nos anos de institucionalização do regime ditatorial no Brasil. Procuramos compreender como o Ministério se comportou analisando três processos principais: o expurgo realizado no órgão, a formulação da política externa do novo regime e o esforço de legitimação internacional do mesmo por meio da diplomacia. Para avaliar nossa hipótese, utilizamos a literatura especializada, os principais documentos oficiais do período e duas bases de dados exclusivas: a primeira, dos diplomatas brasileiros (1889 a 2010) e, a segunda, de eventos de política exterior (1930 a 1985). Com isso, a dissertação nos ajudará a compreender como o Itamaraty reagiu frente a mudanças do regime governamental e as consequências disso para a própria organização diplomática.
This dissertation examines the role of the Brazilian Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MREItamaraty) after the March 1964 coup d’État, specifically during the administrations of Castelo Branco (1964-1967) and Costa e Silva (1967-1969). We argue that the Ministry is not an insulated bureaucracy, but rather an organ that can, as any other government agency, assimilate the political and ideological interests of the ruling groups and act based on them. We argue that this holds true for its behavior during the institutionalization of the dictatorial regime in Brazil. We tried to understand how the MRE behaved through the analysis of three main processes: the purge carried out in the institution, the foreign policy formulation of the new regime, and its effort to gain international legitimacy through diplomacy. In order to evaluate our hypothesis, we used the specialized literature on the subject, the main official documents of the period, and two exclusive databases: the first, a database on Brazilian diplomats (from 1889 to 2010); the second, a database on foreign policy events (from 1930 to 1985). By doing so, this dissertation will help us understand how Itamaraty responded to regime changes and the consequences for the diplomatic organization itself.
Este trabajo aborda el papel del Ministerio de las Relaciones Exteriores (MRE-Itamaraty) con posterioridad al golpe de Estado de marzo de 1964, específicamente durante las gestiones Castelo Branco (1964-1967) y Costa e Silva (1967-1969). Sustentamos que el órgano no es una burocracia aislada, mas que puede, como cualquier otra institución, asimilar intereses políticos e ideológicos de los gobernantes del momento y actuar en función de este. Argumentamos que eso vale también para su comportamiento en los años de institucionalización del régimen dictatorial en Brasil. Procuramos comprender como el Ministerio se comportó analizando tres procesos principales: la expurgación realizada en el órgano, la formulación de la política externa del nuevo régimen y el esfuerzo de legitimación internacional do mismo por medio de la diplomacia. Para evaluar nuestra hipótesis, utilizamos la literatura especializada, los principales documentos oficiales del período y dos bases de datos exclusivas: la primera, de los diplomáticos brasileros (1889 a 2010) y, la segunda, de eventos de política exterior (1930 a 1985). Con eso, la disertación nos ayudará a comprender como Itamaraty reaccionó frente a las mudanzas del régimen gubernamental y las consecuencias de esto para la propia organización diplomática.
.

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Carmo, Gessica Fernanda do. "Os soldados de terno? : ruptura, crise e reestruturação da diplomacia brasileira (1964-1969) /". Marília, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/154035.

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Orientador: Shiguenoli Miyamoto
Resumo: Este trabalho aborda o papel do Ministério das Relações Exteriores (MRE-Itamaraty) após o golpe de Estado de março de 1964, especificamente durante as gestões Castelo Branco (1964- 1967) e Costa e Silva (1967-1969). Sustentamos que o órgão não é uma burocracia insulada, mas sim um órgão que pode, como qualquer outra instituição, assimilar interesses políticos e ideológicos dos governantes do momento e atuar em função destes. Argumentamos que isso vale também para seu comportamento nos anos de institucionalização do regime ditatorial no Brasil. Procuramos compreender como o Ministério se comportou analisando três processos principais: o expurgo realizado no órgão, a formulação da política externa do novo regime e o esforço de legitimação internacional do mesmo por meio da diplomacia. Para avaliar nossa hipótese, utilizamos a literatura especializada, os principais documentos oficiais do período e duas bases de dados exclusivas: a primeira, dos diplomatas brasileiros (1889 a 2010) e, a segunda, de eventos de política exterior (1930 a 1985). Com isso, a dissertação nos ajudará a compreender como o Itamaraty reagiu frente a mudanças do regime governamental e as consequências disso para a própria organização diplomática.
Abstract: This dissertation examines the role of the Brazilian Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MREItamaraty) after the March 1964 coup d’État, specifically during the administrations of Castelo Branco (1964-1967) and Costa e Silva (1967-1969). We argue that the Ministry is not an insulated bureaucracy, but rather an organ that can, as any other government agency, assimilate the political and ideological interests of the ruling groups and act based on them. We argue that this holds true for its behavior during the institutionalization of the dictatorial regime in Brazil. We tried to understand how the MRE behaved through the analysis of three main processes: the purge carried out in the institution, the foreign policy formulation of the new regime, and its effort to gain international legitimacy through diplomacy. In order to evaluate our hypothesis, we used the specialized literature on the subject, the main official documents of the period, and two exclusive databases: the first, a database on Brazilian diplomats (from 1889 to 2010); the second, a database on foreign policy events (from 1930 to 1985). By doing so, this dissertation will help us understand how Itamaraty responded to regime changes and the consequences for the diplomatic organization itself.
Resumen: Este trabajo aborda el papel del Ministerio de las Relaciones Exteriores (MRE-Itamaraty) con posterioridad al golpe de Estado de marzo de 1964, específicamente durante las gestiones Castelo Branco (1964-1967) y Costa e Silva (1967-1969). Sustentamos que el órgano no es una burocracia aislada, mas que puede, como cualquier otra institución, asimilar intereses políticos e ideológicos de los gobernantes del momento y actuar en función de este. Argumentamos que eso vale también para su comportamiento en los años de institucionalización del régimen dictatorial en Brasil. Procuramos comprender como el Ministerio se comportó analizando tres procesos principales: la expurgación realizada en el órgano, la formulación de la política externa del nuevo régimen y el esfuerzo de legitimación internacional do mismo por medio de la diplomacia. Para evaluar nuestra hipótesis, utilizamos la literatura especializada, los principales documentos oficiales del período y dos bases de datos exclusivas: la primera, de los diplomáticos brasileros (1889 a 2010) y, la segunda, de eventos de política exterior (1930 a 1985). Con eso, la disertación nos ayudará a comprender como Itamaraty reaccionó frente a las mudanzas del régimen gubernamental y las consecuencias de esto para la propia organización diplomática.
Mestre

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22

Kvist, Geverts Karin. "Ett främmande element i nationen : Svensk flyktingpolitik och de judiska flyktingarna 1938−1944". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of History, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-9203.

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The aim is to increase our understanding of the mechanisms of social categorization and discrimination, as well as the connection between them. This has been accomplished by examining Swedish refugee policy towards Jewish refugees during the Second World War and the Holocaust, as conducted by The Foreigner’s Bureau of the National Board of Health and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs during 1938−1944. The study also compares the Swedish refugee policy with that of Denmark, Switzerland, Great Britain and the United States. The investigation is guided by such concepts as social categorization, discrimination, antisemitism, organizational culture and established practice. The primary sources are documents, minutes and personal dossiers; Svensk författningssamling (legislation) and articles in Sociala Meddelanden (the National Board’s official journal).

The main conclusions are that Sweden was not perceived as a country of immigration, based partly of the widespread fear that too many Jewish refugees would create a “Jewish Question”. Swedish authorities discriminated against Jewish refugees on grounds of “race” through a process of categorization. This process began already in the 1920’s, and gradually transformed the definition of “Jew” from a religious to a “racial” definition, based on the Nuremberg Laws. The differentiation of Jewish refugees in official statistics ceased in September 1943, yet it continued secretly until February 1944, encompassing the Norwegian and Danish Jews as well. One important result shows that the shift in policy – from discrimination to large scale reception – was a slow process where this differentiating practice and antisemitic perceptions remained operative. What is defined as an antisemitic background bustle is used to explain how moderate antisemitic expressions were perceived as “unbiased” and “normal” within the Swedish society. Though Sweden’s refugee policy seems similar to that of other countries surveyed, the shift in policy stands out as unique in comparison.

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23

Champonnois, Sylvain. "L’armée de l’air et l’innovation technologique (1945-1966)". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA040174.

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De 1945 à 1966, l’évolution de l’armée de l’air française dépend en grande partie des innovations technologiques. L’objet de la présente thèse est d’expliquer comment elle a été capable, technologiquement et structurellement, de passer d’une situation où elle est jugée désuète à une situation dans laquelle elle se tient en tête du dispositif de défense nationale et se positionne comme la troisième force aérienne mondiale. Nous identifions trois périodes essentielles dans la mutation de son expertise technologique. De 1945 à 1950, elle relève plusieurs défis, à l’image de l’intensification des transferts technologiques, de l’aviation à réaction, dans le contexte naissant de la guerre froide. Pour la période 1951-1958, elle suit un cycle de modernisation accélérée malgré les guerres coloniales, sous l’impulsion de l’aide aide américaine, à l’image du développement de programmes aéronautiques et de l’utilisation de missiles. Enfin, de 1959 à 1966, l’armée de l’air s’adapte aux stratégies et aux armes nouvelles dont le nucléaire. Cette période clé aboutit à l’entrée en service du système d’armes stratégique piloté Mirage IV, dans un environnement marqué par de multiples mutations structurelles et par la sortie du commandement militaire intégré de l’OTAN
From 1945 to 1966, the evolution of the French Air Force largely depends on technological innovations. The aim of this thesis is to analyze how it became able – both technologically and structurally – to pass from a situation in which it was considered as an old-fashioned entity to the head of the national defense system, thus establishing itself as the third Air Force power. To do so, we identify three essential periods, which illustrate its shift to develop progressively its technological expertise. From 1945 to 1950, it meets several challenges such as technological transfers and jet-powered planes in the early years of the Cold War. From 1951 until 1958, it follows a fast modernization trend in spite of the Colonial Wars, as depicted through the development of aeronautical programs and the use of missiles, in a context of American Help. From 1959 to 1966, the French Air Force then adapts to both nuclear-based weapons and strategies, such as piloted strategic armament systems Mirage IV and structural transfers taken out of the military command integrated by NATO

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24

Jeganeh, Charles y Antonio Bracamonte. "Gender mainstreaming i sociala trygghetssystem : Sveriges internationella utvecklingsbistånd i Afrika, söder om Sahara". Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för socialt arbete, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-143457.

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Denna kvalitativa studie om internationellt utvecklingsbistånd undersöker effekterna av gender mainstreaming i sociala trygghetssystem i Afrika, söder om Sahara, med särskilt fokus på jämställdhet, kvinnors empowerment och biståndets effekter på familjeförhållanden. Studien lyfter fram en historisk bakgrund av gender mainstreaming i politiken, men även dagens internationella engagemang för att bekämpa den extrema fattigdomen. Studien belyser det svenska internationella biståndets initiativ för att minska fattigdomen i Afrika, söder om Sahara. Totalt genomfördes fyra semistrukturerade intervjuer med högkvalificerade tjänstemän som representerar det internationella biståndet, med bakgrund från Utrikesdepartementet, Styrelsen för internationellt utvecklingssamarbete (Sida), Latinamerikainstitutet på Stockholms universitet och UNICEF Office of Research - Innocenti. Resultatet visade att ett genderintegrerat bistånd i form av sociala kontantöverföringar som främjar jämställdhet i samhällen som biståndet verkar i, bidrar till att minska den extrema fattigdomen. Men resultaten visade även att det krävs ytterligare forskning för att kunna se direkta kausala effekter av biståndet som riktas till kvinnor jämfört med bistånd som riktas till män, samt den effekt som biståndet har på kvinnors empowerment och på biståndsmottagarnas familjeförhållanden. Slutsatsen av undersökningen är att uppbyggnaden av genderintegrerade sociala trygghetssystem i Afrika, söder om Sahara, är av särskild betydelse då man genom ökad jämställdhet och ett övergripande socialt skyddsnät minskar den extrema fattigdomen och främjar regionens välmående i sin helhet.
This qualitative study on international development aid explores the effects of gender mainstreaming in social protection systems in sub-Saharan Africa, with a focus on gender equality, women's empowerment and family structures. The study features a historical background of gender mainstreaming in politics, but also today's international commitment to combat extreme poverty. The study highlights the initiative of the Swedish international aid to reduce poverty in sub-Saharan Africa. A total of four semi-structured interviews were conducted with highly qualified public servants representing the international foreign aid, representing The Swedish Ministry of Foreign Affairs, The Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida), The Institute of Latin American Studies at Stockholm University and UNICEF Office of Research - Innocenti. The results showed that a gender-based foreign aid in the form of social cash transfers that aims to promote gender equality, helps to reduce extreme poverty. In addition, the results showed that further research is required to see the direct effects of aid directed at women as compared with aid directed at men, as well as the impact of aid on women's empowerment and the family structures of aid recipients. The conclusion of this study is that the development of gender-based social protection systems in sub-Saharan Africa is of particular importance as, through increased gender equality and overall social protection systems, the region's prosperity increases, and levels of extreme poverty reduces.

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25

Germiyanoglu, Okan. "La lutte contre le terrorisme vue par les hauts fonctionnaires du quai d'orsay : pour une contribution française au concept d'operational code". Thesis, Lille 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL20009/document.

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La lutte contre le terrorisme est une préoccupation contemporaine des diplomaties, alors que sa définition internationale demeure introuvable. Dans une approche organisationnelle, les hauts fonctionnaires du ministère français des Affaires étrangères partageraient une vision commune sur la violence terroriste et un « savoir-faire » qui leur permettraient de prendre des décisions efficaces pour la prévenir et la combattre. Or, dans une approche constructiviste, la lutte contre le terrorisme relève de relations intersubjectives comprenant l’activation de systèmes de croyances ou Operational Codes (OPCODES) différents, selon que les diplomates français viennent de l’ENA ou du Concours d’Orient. Ces croyances jouent un rôle dans la façon que les hauts fonctionnaires voient le monde, l’ennemi, mais aussi se perçoivent dans leurs fonctions. Ce sont aussi des croyances préexistantes, forgées à partir des expériences et des engagements personnels, qui font que les décisions en matière d’antiterrorisme ne relèvent pas seulement de considérations sécuritaires, mais aussi de motivations matérielles, émotionnelles, cognitives et morales pour un Etat comme la France
The fight against terrorism is a contemporary concern shared in state diplomacy, though no such common definition exists in international affairs. From an organizational approach, senior civil servants of the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs are thought to share a global vision on terrorist violence and a savoir-faire that should allow them to make effective decisions in their efforts to prevent and fight against it. However, in a constructivist approach, the war on terrorism draws its inspiration from inter-subjective relations that activate a set of belief systems or different Operational Codes (OPCODES). These beliefs systems, though dependent French diplomats’ background (Ecole Nationale d’Administration (ENA) or the Concours d’Orient), contribute to their decision making process. Thus, these beliefs play a role in the way decision makers see the world, the enemy, but also as to how they perceive themselves in their duties. These pre-existing beliefs which have been forged through personal experiences and commitments are responsible for shaping a decision making process that is not solely based on security concerns. They are in fact, also determined by material, emotional, cognitive and moral motivations for a state such as that of France

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26

Hussein, Ahmad. "Vägen till Beirut : Svenska handelsfrämjande åtgärder i Libanon 1920-1975". Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för geografi och ekonomisk historia, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-61520.

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This thesis investigates Swedish trade promotion in Lebanon from 1920 to 1975. The aim is to increase knowledge about how actors in a small open western economy tried to develop their economic interests in an emerging market characterized by great uncertainty. Here, the promising economic outlook coincided with a high degree of political instability. The study analyzes the interactions between Swedish trade related authorities, organizations and companies in their efforts to develop Swedish business interests in Lebanon: a developing country in a conflict-affected area with potentially large and emerging markets, where the cultural distance to Sweden was significant. In this study a model, which is known as the Uppsala model, forms an analytical interpretative framework for studying the actions and strategies of the trade related authorities and organizations despite the model's specific perspective on the establishment process of firms abroad. Based on the taxonomy, which is the basis of this interpretative model, this interpretative framwork has been possible to apply because of the assumed interactions between trade related authorities/organizations and companies when establishing commercial presence in new markets. The assumption is that the trade related authorities and organizations enhance for companies in various ways, while there is an economic-political interest that the state strives to reach by encouraging companies to set up business in new markets. By using this model, the events have been systematized through a historical generalization and periodization of Swedish trade promotion and organization. Added with the type of knowledge development that has taken place. In this way, the role of authorities and organizations in trade promotion and organizational build-up abroad has been highlighted. The results show that Swedish trade promotion attempts and organization in Lebanon took place in close cooperation with Swedish trade related authorities and organizations through their information inflows. In practice the companies' needs for information and assistance were reflected in the work that has been exercised by the authorities and organizations. By playing an important role in information building, escalating network positions and at the same time providing the companies with specific information, the trade related authorities and organizations became key actors in the development of Swedish trade relations with Lebanon. The study concludes that new perspectives can be obtained by including trade related authorities and organizations when using the Uppsala model in future studies.
Denna avhandling studerar svenska handelsfrämjande åtgärder i Libanon 1920-1975. Syftet är att öka kunskapen om hur aktörer i en liten öppen västekonomi försökte utveckla sina ekonomiska intressen på en ny framväxande marknad präglad av stor osäkerhet, där lovande ekonomiska utsikter sammanföll med en hög grad av politisk instabilitet. I studien analyseras samspelet mellan svenska handelsrelaterade myndigheter, organisationer och företag i deras strävan att utveckla svenska handels- och affärsintressen i Libanon: ett land som betraktas här som ett utvecklingsland i ett konfliktdrabbat område med potentiellt stora och nya marknader med ett betydande kulturellt avstånd till Sverige. I studien utgör den så kallade Uppsalamodellen den analytiska tolkningsramen för att studera myndigheternas och intresseorganisationernas agerande och strategier, trots att modellens perspektiv bygger på företagens utlandsetablering. Med utgångspunkt i den taxonomi som är grunden i modellen har denna tolkningsram varit möjlig på grund av det samspel som antas finnas mellan företag och myndigheter, särskilt när det gäller etablerandet av en affärsmässig närvaro på en ny och osäker marknad. Antaganden är att myndigheterna på olika sätt underlättar för företagen, samtidigt som det finns ett statligt ekonomisk-politiskt intresse att få företag att etablera sig på nya marknader. Med hjälp av modellen har händelseförloppen systematiserats genom en historisk generalisering och periodisering av svenska handelsfrämjande åtgärder med avseende på organisation och den typ av kunskapsuppbyggnad som skett. Därmed belyses också myndigheternas och organisationernas roll vid företagsetableringar i utlandet. Resultaten visar att företagsetableringsförsöken och organisationen av svensk handel i Libanon skedde i nära samarbete mellan svenska myndigheter och organisationer genom utbyte av information. I praktiken avspeglades företagens behov av information och hjälp i myndigheternas och organisationernas arbete. I och med att myndigheterna/organisationerna deltog i informationsuppbyggnaden, skapandet av nätverkspositioner och samtidigt förmedlade information mellan företagen var dessa betingade som centrala aktörer vid etableringen av svenska handelsförbindelser med Libanon. Studiens slutsats är att nya perspektiv gällande företagsetableringar på utländska marknader kan erhållas genom att inkludera myndigheters och organisationers agerande vid tillämpningen av Uppsala modellen i framtida studier.

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27

Gandon, Pierre y Pierre Gandon. "Digital Diplomacy: A Study of the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs' Twitter Communication during the 2015 COP21 in Paris". Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/31275728508924670736.

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碩士
銘傳大學
國際事務碩士學位學程
104
The emergence of new information technology has always been perceived as a threat to the survival of the very concept of diplomacy. In the 1860s, when he received one of the first telegrams, British Prime Minister Lord Palmerston has reportedly said “My God, this is the end of diplomacy!”. But as “the conduct of relations between states and other entities with standing in world politics by official agents and by peaceful means” (Bulls, 1997), diplomacy will most likely endure in the digital era. In fact, digitalization offers new tools that can enhance the practice of diplomacy. Conducting diplomatic work through digital channel has already become the norm, and to name this phenomenon, the terms digital diplomacy and eDiplomacy appeared. Although digital diplomacy is a growing field of study, more research is needed to improve our understanding of this phenomenon. In this thesis, digital diplomacy – specifically, digital public diplomacy – efforts conducted through the use of the social media site Twitter during the 2015 COP21 summit in Paris will be examined. Scholars in the field have questioned how inclusive and dialogical digital public diplomacy actually is; to address this issue, a content analysis of tweets by France Diplomacy, the official Ministry of Foreign Affairs account, will be carried on to determine the approach used in terms of level of engagement of the audience. Adopting the format of a case study will allow us to study the phenomenon of digital public diplomacy in the context of France's efforts, a leader country in the field.

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28

Bahiddha-Nukara, Parnpriya. "Thai bureaucratic elite in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs a study of bureaucratic values and behavior /". 1988. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/23630335.html.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Claremont Graduate School, 1988.
Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 137-142).

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29

Han, Chin-Chiu y 韓錦秋. "The Study of Promotion Assessment Criteria for Civil Service: A Case of The Ministry Of Foreign Affairs". Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/93636523917611964259.

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碩士
淡江大學
公共行政學系公共政策碩士在職專班
96
With the development of international situations and adjustment of local governmental structuring, the organizational culture in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs varies in comparison with the central and the local authorities. The promotional channels as well are not identical to the ones in other authorities. Furthermore, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs belongs to an independent promotional channel. The study focuses on subjects in methods of receiving promotion in senior civil service, the standards of appraisal and the competence which the senior civil service shall bear. Therefore the objectives of the study include the following: 1. Standardize the existing promotion assessment and appraisal regulations. Confirm the key factors affecting the promotion for senior civil service. 2. Examine if the perspectives from the diplomatic staffs in different population variables on the promotion appraisal standards and the core competence of senior civil service differ. 3. Survey on the relevance between the existing Ministry of Foreign Affairs promotion from associate to senior civil service standards and their competence. The study is divided into five chapters : Chapter 1 covers study motivation, scope and questions, methodology, terminology, restrictions, hypothesis and procedures; Chapter 2 analyzes based on reference, with objectives in understanding the theory on promotion and human resource and theory of core competence; Chapter 3 designs a survey form with reference to the existing civil service promotional performance standards, with emphasis on the diplomatic staff as survey subjects, investigating using cluster analysis methodology and experiment study, and the survey is then analyzed in a comprehensive conclusion. Chapter 4 analyzes based on study result in order to confer the relevance of population variables on promotion appraisal standards and the core competence of senior civil service.

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30

Sováková, Veronika. "Hanuš Jelínek Mezi kulturou a politikou (1914 - 1944)". Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-323791.

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v anglickém jazyce The present thesis deals with the life and activities of Hanuš Jelínek (1878-1944), one of the most prominent figures of the Czech-French relations of the first half of the 20th century. Based upon studies of archive documents, press and literature, its aim is to explain his activities namely during the period of the First Republic which has not been much reflected in the literature so far. This is mainly due to the fact that the primary source on Hanuš Jelínek - his memoirs called Zahučaly lesy ("Forrest Murmurs") end in 1919. The thesis is divided into three bigger parts. The first one recapitulates Jelínek's youth, formation of his personality and political views and last but not least the birth of his Francophilia. The second, pivotal part, places emphasis on his effort to get himself established in the nascent Czechoslovak diplomatic services. It analyses the eleven year period Jelínek spent at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs as well as other activities stemming from his position there. The final part deals with Jelínek's cultural life and influences, however, it only gives a general overview necessary in order to understand Jelínek's personal life and has no ambition to review his extensive literary work. It accentuates, though, his work in Lumír journal that Jelínek...

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31

Sisa, Edgar. "Implementation of the performance management system in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation of the Botswana public service". Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/18683.

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The main aim of this study was to investigate the implementation of the performance management system in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Co-operation of the Botswana public service and to identify the factors that facilitated and hindered the successful implementation of the programme. This study used a mixed methods research design which combines both qualitative and quantitative research design. The study used the model of social programmes, which is a holistic and comprehensive analytical framework that is used to study the implementation of social intervention programmes. Research data was obtained using a triangulation of research methods (case study, evaluation research and survey method) and data sources (literature review, document analysis, self-administered questionnaires and follow-up personal interviews). A sample of 90 respondents was selected using the purposive sampling strategy. The study found that the implementation of the performance management system in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Co-operation was problematic because of unclear and ambiguous foreign policy goals and objectives; lack of broad-based support and critical mass of champions of the performance management system; use of command-and-control management model rather than empowerment and the adaptation model; inadequate human and institutional capacities; ineffective supporting systems of the performance management system; weak accountability and responsibility mechanisms; weak intra-ministerial and inter-ministerial communication, co-operation, collaboration and co-ordination; inadequate information and communications technology infrastructure and unfavourable international environment. This study contributed to the existing literature by investigating the implementation of the performance management system in the global environment from a public service perspective rather than a private sector perspective, which relies on the experiences of multinational companies. The study findings provide some invaluable insights that may improve the implementation of the performance management system in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Co-operation of the Botswana public service by proposing recommendations to the identified problems. The recommendations include: setting clear and specific foreign policy objectives; creating a critical mass of champions of the performance management system; strengthening human and institutional capacities; promoting effective implementation and use of supporting systems of the performance management system; strengthening accountability and responsibility mechanisms; strengthening intra-ministerial and inter-ministerial communication, co-operation, collaboration, and co-ordination; strengthening decentralisation and empowerment principles and upgrading information and communications technology infrastructure.
Public Administration and Management
DPA

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32

Chen, Chieh Chen y 陳玠蓁. "A Dramaturgical Analysis of Bureaucratic Organizations: A Case Study of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of China". Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/8j6w4j.

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碩士
國立政治大學
社會學系
103
This research is based on Erving Goffman’s (1959) dramaturgical analytical approach to explore the promotion emulation of diplomats of the Republic of China and their image management strategies to the public as well as to the colleagues. With promotion being the main theme of the play and diplomats as performers, this research reasons by analogy with Goffman’s dramaturgical analysis to discuss how diplomats present themselves in the public sphere where citizens are watching and how they manage their image within their organization among colleagues. After differentiating key elements of the play, the discussion moves onto the interactive manner within diplomatic bureaucratic organization shaped by promotion path, image management and tacit knowledge of interaction among colleagues with a particular focus to identify the promotion competition.

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33

Liang, Cheng-Ching y 梁正清. "The Exploratory Research of Evaluation Index of Establishment and Comparison the Websites of Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Taiwan and Mainland China". Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/a897ax.

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碩士
銘傳大學
社會科學院國家發展與兩岸關係碩士在職專班
94
Abstract The Internet has emerged as one of the most prevalent forms of communication media. Gathering and sharing of Electronic information are becoming essential elements of modern life. Access to the Internet largely decides whether of not one can survive the increasingly turbulent and networked world. Therefore, it is important to ensure that everyone has equal opportunity to benefit from the Web sites, especially those of the governments. Because of the generality of Internet service, it creates lots of new concepts, new interfaces, and new applications for connecting the government and the public. The government also provides more diversified service for people via browsing Internet. As the continuous waves of new technology, there has been an explosion of electronic access to government information. It has undeniably not only led to a dramatic change in the way people communicate, but also increased the ability of institutions, businesses and individuals to channel information. Among various formats of electronic access, the World Wide Web (WWW) is the most powerful way to disseminate information.

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Mezlíková, Pavla. "Zahraniční služba československých a českých diplomatů v 80. a 90. letech". Master's thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-405842.

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In the Master thesis I deal with the topic of the professional and personal life of diplomats working at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic/Czech and Slovak Federative Republic and Czech Republic in the 1980's and 1990's. In the background of historical context it is focused on performing of diplomats foreign duties, working issues, achievements and challenges, everyday routine will not be omitted. Specifically it will reflect themes of preparing to leave abroad, to socialize in given country, everyday duties, family life and a free time. Primary source of the Master thesis will contain of the interviews led by method of oral history.

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35

Gomes, Diogo Filipe Martins Santos. "A importância do PEPAC-MNE na Política-Externa Portuguesa - Relatório de Estágio no Instituto Diplomático". Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/65642.

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O presente relatório de estágio é o resultado do trabalho desenvolvido entre Abril de 2017 e Outubro de 2017 durante a realização do estágio curricular no Instituto Diplomático do Ministério dos Negócios Estrangeiros com a finalidade da conclusão da componente não-letiva e consequente obtenção do grau de mestre. Pretendo, com este relatório de estágio, fazer um estudo de caso do Programa de Estágios Profissionais nos Serviços Periféricos Externos do Ministério dos Negócios Estrangeiros e compreender através de critérios de seleção e de colocação dos estagiários, de critérios de distribuição geográfica dos postos e do financiamento externo do qual o programa beneficia, qual o impacto que o PEPAC-MNE tem na política-externa portuguesa. Ainda assim, abordarei o funcionamento do departamento governamental onde realizei o estágio, o Ministério dos Negócios Estrangeiros, com ênfase no serviço onde desenvolvi a maior parte do trabalho, o Instituto Diplomático. Por último, farei uma descrição detalhada das atividades realizadas no decorrer do estágio. Este relatório de estágio é parte integrante da componente não-letiva do curso de Mestrado em Ciência Política e Relações Internacionais da Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas da Universidade Nova de Lisboa.
This internship report is the result of the work carried out between April 2017 and October 2017 during the curricular internship at the Diplomatic Institute of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs with the purpose of concluding the non-teaching component and consequently obtaining a master’s degree. I intend, with this internship report, to make a case study of the Professional Internship Program in the Foreign Peripheral Services of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and understand, through criteria of selection and placement of trainees, criteria of geographical distribution of the posts and external financing that the program benefits, what impact PEPAC-MNE has on the Portuguese foreign policy. Even so, I will address the functioning of the government department where I completed the internship, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, with an emphasis on the service where I developed most of the work, the Diplomatic Institute. Finally, I will make a detailed description of the activities carried out during the internship. This internship report is an integral part of the non-teaching component of the Master’s program in Political Science and International Relations of the Faculty of Social and Human Sciences of the New University of Lisbon.

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Lehečková, Neumannová Jana. "Československo-britské vztahy v letech 1945-1948 ve světle dokumentů MZV ČSR". Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-349469.

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This diploma thesis examines the Czechoslovak-British relations between 1945 and 1948 primarily by analysing documents found in the Archive of Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Czech Republic. The thesis focuses on the politico-diplomatic relations and describes their evolution with regards to events of major importance to both involved countries; such as parliamentary elections, the question of German population transfer, or the attitude of Czechoslovakia and the United Kingdom towards the Marshall Plan. The thesis is divided into six chapters and spans the conception of the Czechoslovak foreign policy, based on cooperation with the East, as well as the West; the evolution of the bilateral relations, which were influenced by, inter alia, parliamentary elections in both countries; and the mutual foreign visits. The post-war period is being examined until February 1948 when the change in political regime resulted in deterioration of the bilateral relations between the two countries.

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37

Libichová, Lenka. "Vztahy mezi imigranty a úřady v České republice: cizinecká policie". Master's thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-306542.

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This diploma thesis deals with the relationship between immigrants and the immigration authorities in the Czech Republic. The thesis is divided into two parts - theoretical and practical. The first one summarizes the facts about immigration authorities - the Ministry of the Interior of the Czech Republic, the Foreign Police and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Czech Republic. It also discusses the causes of migration, the legal aspects and the non-governmental organizations that serves as a mediator between immigrants and the authorities. The practical part deals with the topic of immigrants and the authorities in the media and literature. It also includes a field resarch made by a qualitative method of directed interviews with the immigants, the representatives of non-governmental organizations and the representatives of the immigration authorities. The research is supplemented by an observations at Prague office of the Ministry of the Interrior. The most criticized problems of the Ministry of the Interrior is the failure to meet the statutory deadlines during the processing of applications for long-term stay, the behavior of officers and the queues of immigrants associated with a long waiting. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs has a problem with VISAPOINT - an internet operation system for...

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Figueiredo, Ana Rita Midões. "A formação diplomática como instrumento da política externa". Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/37846.

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Com este relatório pretende-se abordar a formação diplomática como um instrumento da Política Externa incidindo em dois casos específicos: Programa de Estágios Curriculares do Ministério dos Negócios Estrangeiros e no apoio ao Programa Diplomático Europeu. Num mundo em constante mudança, tanto os seus actores, como a própria diplomacia, têm vindo a sofrer alterações na sua essência, de forma a harmonizar-se com os objetivos da Política Externa dos países, que por sua vez tentam acompanhar as transformações no sistema internacional. Desta forma, depois de se perceber as eventualidades que originaram essas alterações e de que forma estas ocorreram, dois casos, nomeadamente o europeu e o português, são analisados para assim se perceber a correlação entre a preparação dos diplomatas e os propósitos da Política Externa. No primeiro caso, deparamo-nos com um actor não estatal mas que ao longo dos anos se tem tornado num grande actor internacional. A União Europeia é uma união política e económica de vários estados e que necessita de um corpo diplomático que a represente. Dado que esta é representada também por diplomatas dos seus estados-membros, serão abordados neste relatório os tipos de formação existentes para que estes adquiram um conhecimento aprofundado sobre a UE. No segundo caso serão abordados os objetivos da Política Externa Portuguesa e em como estes se foram alterando consoante as eventualidades que ocorreram dentro e fora do país, bem como uma explicação da progressão da carreira diplomática em Portugal. A este segue-se uma abordagem diferente da diplomacia. Se até aqui se aborda a diplomacia e a formação dos seus actores para o engajamento entre actores internacionais, aqui é abordado o conceito de Diplomacia Pública, articulado com exemplos desta prática em Portugal e que se traduz num engajemnto entre o Estado e a sua população e que acaba por ser uma introdução para aqueles que pretendem seguir a carreira diplomática. Importa referir que este relatório foi realizado no âmbito de um estágio no Instituto Diplomático do Ministério dos Negócios Estrangeiro, os quais serão descritos no segundo capítulo, e que tem por base as actividades aí realizadas que serão correlacionadas com o que foi anteriormente abordado.
This report aims an approach to diplomatic training as an instrument of foreign policy focusing on two specific cases: Curriculum Internship Program of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and support to the European Diplomatic Program. In a constantly changing world, both its actors and diplomacy itself have undergone changes in their essence in order to harmonize with the objectives of the countries' Foreign Policy, which try to keep pace with changes in the international system. Therefore, after analysing the eventualities that gave rise to these changes and how they occurred, two cases, namely the European and the Portuguese ones, are analysed to perceive the correlation between the preparation of the diplomats and the purposes of the Foreign Policy. In the first case, we come across with a non-state actor, wich over the years has become a major international actor. The European Union is a political and economic union of several states and needs representation from a diplomatic corp. And, as it is also represented by diplomats from its Member States, this report will cover the types of training available so that they can acquire a thorough knowledge of the EU. In the second case, the objectives of the Portuguese Foreign Policy will be discussed more specifically how they have been modified according to the eventualities that occurred inside and outside the country, as well as an explanation of the progression of the diplomatic career in Portugal. To this, follows a different approach to diplomacy. If up to this point, the diplomacy and the training of its actors for engagement among international actors was addressed here, the concept of Public Diplomacy is now discussed, articulated with examples of this practice in Portugal and which translates into an engagement between the State and its population, which turns out to be an introduction for those who intend to pursue a diplomatic career. It should be noted that this report was carried out as part of an internship at the Diplomatic Institute of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, which will be described in the second chapter, and the activities carried out there will be correlated with what was previously discussed.

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Falau, Isaías Tchirica. "Combinatórias terminológicas em uso nos tratados bilaterais entre Angola e Portugal". Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/28427.

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A presente dissertação de mestrado enquadra-se na necessidade de organização da terminologia em uso no Ministério das Relações Exteriores de Angola. A nossa pesquisa tem como título: Combinatórias Terminológicas em Uso nos Tratados Bilaterais entre Angola e Portugal. Seleccionamos os tratados bilaterais entre Angola e Portugal como corpus de análise do nosso trabalho. O foco da nossa pesquisa consiste em identificar e recolher as combinatórias terminológicas em uso nos tratados bilaterais entre Angola e Portugal. Após a identificação e recolha das combinatórias terminológicas pretendemos propor uma base de dados de combinatórias terminológicas, de maneira a contribuirmos de forma a melhorar a comunicação entre os especialistas e de todos aqueles utilizadores que consultarão a base de dados. Organizámos o trabalho em quatro capítulos, no primeiro fazemos uma abordagem sobre o Estado angolano e sobre a organização do Ministério das Relações Exteriores de Angola, tendo em conta a sua inserção no Direito Internacional Público. No segundo fazemos uma abordagem sobre a metodologia de constituição de corpus, descrevemos os processos usados na recolha do corpus e a metodologia utilizada no tratamento do corpus. No terceiro capítulo, fazemos uma abordagem sobre o tratamento do corpus e sobre algumas questões teóricas em torno das combinatórias terminológicas, e identificamos algumas combinatórias terminológicas. No quarto e último, propomos um modelo de base dados de combinatória terminológica
The present Master's thesis is based on the need to organize the terminology used in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Angola. Our research is entitled: Terminological Combinations in Use in Bilateral Treaties between Angola and Portugal. We selected the bilateral treaties between Angola and Portugal as corpus of analysis of our work. The focus of our research is to identify and collect the terminological combinations in use in the bilateral treaties between Angola and Portugal. We organize the work in four chapters, in the first we approach the Angolan State and the organization of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Angola, taking into account its insertion in Public International Law. In the second, we make an approach on the methodology of corpus constitution, how the corpus collection process was done and the methodology used in the corpus treatment. In the third chapter, we make an approach on the treatment of the corpus and on some theoretical questions around terminological combinatorics, and we identify some terminological combinatorics. In the fourth and last, we propose a basic model of terminological combinatorial data.

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Rodrigues, Eduarda de Barros. "Os pequenos estados e as organizações internacionais: relatório de estágio no Ministério dos Negócios Estrangeiros". Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/31905.

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Este relatório divide-se essencialmente em duas partes. A primeira parte consiste numa análise científica e revisão literária, subordinada ao tema “Pequenos Estados e as Organizações Internacionais”, na qual se procura explorar a dinâmica existente entre os mesmos e de que forma os pequenos Estados usam as organizações internacionais na execução da sua política externa. Numa segunda parte serão descritas a pormenor as tarefas levadas a cabo durante o estágio no Ministério dos Negócios Estrangeiros. Culminará este relatório numa conclusão que estabelecerá a relação existente entre as duas partes principais do relatório, procurando enquadrar o papel de Portugal nas OIs de que é parte, com a experiência retirada do estágio.
This internship report is divided in two parts. The first part consists in a scientific analysis and literature review, on the subject of “Small States and International Organizations”. The objective of this analysis is to explore the dynamics between the small states and international organizations and the way in which states use these organizations in the implementation of their foreign policy. The second part will consist of a thorough description of the tasks undertaken during the internship in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. This report will lead to a conclusion, that sets to establish the relation between the two parts of this report, while relating Portugal’s role in the IOs in which it is a part of with the experience withdrawn from the internship.

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Silva, Vânia Cristina Marques da. "As complexas relações entre o Sudão e o Sudão do Sul: petróleo e fronteiras enquanto questões fraturantes". Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/18678.

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O presente relatório de estágio tem por objetivo apresentar o trabalho desenvolvido na Direção de Serviços da África Subsariana do Ministério dos Negócios Estrangeiros português, entre outubro de 2014 e abril de 2015, no âmbito do Mestrado em Ciência Política e Relações Internacionais. Dividido em três capítulos, primeiramente enquadra-se a instituição onde decorreu o estágio, efetuando uma contextualização histórica do Ministério dos Negócios Estrangeiros, distinguindo as suas missões e atribuições e clarificando a sua estrutura orgânica para que se possa definir onde se encontra a Direção de Serviços da África Subsariana da Direção-Geral de Política Externa (DGPE/SAS), direção onde se realizaram o conjunto de atividades inerentes ao estágio. Num segundo momento descrevemos sinteticamente o conjunto de tarefas e funções realizadas neste período, realçando o seu relevante carácter para a formação académica e profissional. Assim, refletimos acerca do funcionamento da SAS e como possui uma panóplia de mecanismos que se integram e cumprem os requisitos propostos pelo curso de Mestrado em questão. Neste sentido, encontram-se os argumentos que justificam a obtenção do tema que dá título ao presente relatório, estando o mesmo diretamente relacionado com a DGPE/SAS e com a área científica das Relações Internacionais. Por fim, o tema “As complexas relações entre o Sudão e o Sudão do Sul: petróleo e fronteiras enquanto questões fraturantes”, que ocupa a maior parte deste relatório, é iniciado através de uma síntese histórica que se principia em finais do século XIX para demonstrar as bases que estiveram na origem da divisão da República do Sudão em dois Estados independentes, Sudão e Sudão do Sul. Através da análise das questões petrolíferas e fronteiriças procuramos compreender duas questões fraturantes que se perpetuam em dois países cujos contextos atuais ainda são vincadamente marcados por conflitos bilaterais, dificuldades económicas e atraso social. As regiões fronteiriças, como Abyei, o Cordofão do Sul e o Nilo Azul, continuam a representar as razões primordiais da disputa pelo território e pela sua riqueza em hidrocarbonetos. O relatório é concluindo com uma caracterização da situação atual do Sudão e do Sudão do Sul, tema acompanhado e desenvolvido ao longo do estágio.
This internship report aims to present the work developed at the Sub-Saharan Africa Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Portugal, between October 2014 and April 2015, to obtain the master's degree in Political Sciences and International Relations. Divided into three chapters, the first one relates to the contextualization of the institution where the internship took place, making a historical overview of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, distinguishing their missions and responsibilities and clarifying its organizational structure making it possible to define where the Sub-Saharan Africa Department of the Directorate-General for External Policy (DGPE/SAS) is located, department where were performed the set of activities inherent to the internship. Secondly we describe briefly the set of tasks and functions performed in this period, highlighting its relevant nature for academic and professional training. Thus, we reflect on the operation of SAS and as it has a range of mechanisms that integrate and meet the requirements proposed by the Master course in question. In this sense, the arguments are to justify getting the theme that gives title to this report, the same being directly related to the DGPE / SAS and the scientific field of International Relations. Finally, the theme "The complex relationships between Sudan and South Sudan: oil and boundaries as fracturing issues", which takes up most of this report, is initiated through a historical overview that begins in the late nineteenth century to demonstrate the foundations that led to the division of the Republic of Sudan in two independent states, Sudan and South Sudan. Through the analysis of oil and boundaries issues we try to understand how this two fracturing questions remain in two countries whose current contexts are sharply marked by bilateral conflicts, economic difficulties and social backwardness. Border regions, as Abyei, South Kordofan and the Blue Nile, continue to represent the primary reason for the struggle for territory and for its richness in hydrocarbons. The report concludes with a characterization of the current situation in Sudan and South Sudan, theme accompanied and developed over the internship.

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Adamů, Miloš. "Československý zastupitelský úřad v Moskvě v letech 1945-1948". Master's thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-309289.

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1 Abstract Adamů Miloš: Czechoslovak Embassy in Moscow in the years 1945-1948 Praha: The Faculty of Arts of Charles University in Prague, 2011 188 s., The diploma thesis. The thesis monitors and evaluates the activities of the Czechoslovak Embassy in Moscow in the critical post-war years 1945-1948. It attempts to process the structure of the diplomatic and partly personnel corps, including changes that gradually occurred in the office. The task of the thesis is also monitoring the influence of inland events on the running of the embassy and its important leaders in those four years. The thesis largely follows the events of February 1948, which meant milestone situations for the Czechoslovak Embassy's activities and significantly influenced the lives of most of its employees. The ambassadors take the important place and they are given a high attention. The thesis also notes the fates of the selected persons in 1948. Key words: Embassies, Diplomatic Corps, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Soviet Union, MID, National Front, the political parties of NF, communism, action committee.

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Angers, Kathleen. "Intégration européenne et pratique diplomatique : l’expérience autrichienne (1987-2009)". Thèse, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/4520.

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Ce mémoire vise à élucider les implications de l’intégration européenne pour les diplomaties nationales. À partir d’une approche sociologique axée sur les pratiques des individus, une étude de cas est menée sur la diplomatie autrichienne, pour la période allant de 1987 à 2009. S’appuyant sur une vingtaine d’entretiens conduits en 2009 à Vienne, cette étude rend compte, d’une part, des changements engendrés par l’intégration européenne de l’Autriche au regard des pratiques et des représentations de ses diplomates concernant la politique de neutralité. D’autre part, nous relatons le processus d’adaptation des diplomates et du ministère des Affaires étrangères autrichiens aux exigences pratiques et aux dynamiques sociales de l’interaction diplomatique au sein de l’Union européenne (UE). En somme, notre étude montre que les diplomates impliqués dans la gestion des affaires (tant internes qu’externes) de l’UE convergent autour d’un certain nombre de règles et de représentations sociales; cette dynamique a des implications substantielles pour les diplomaties nationales intégrées relativement tardivement dans l’UE, comme ce fut le cas pour l’Autriche.
This master’s thesis seeks to analyse the implications of European integration for national diplomacy. Using a sociological approach premised on individuals’ practices, I undertake a case study, spanned between 1987 and 2009, on the Austrian diplomatic corps. This study - which draws upon interview material collected in Vienna in 2009 – recounts the changes brought by European integration for Austrian diplomats’ practices and representations of neutrality, the latter being a core tenet of Austria’s diplomacy during the Cold War. We also concentrate on the adaptation process undergone by Austrian diplomats and their foreign ministry regarding the social dynamics at play in diplomatic interaction within the European Union (EU). Overall, I argue that diplomats involved in the daily management of EU business (either internal or external affairs) converge on a set of rules and social representations; altogether this process amounts to substantial adaptation and change for a diplomatic corps joining the EU in 1995 like Austria’s.

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Lukešová, Olga. "Meziválečná propaganda Československa v zahraničí: propagandistické akce Ministerstva zahraničních věcí ve Vídni". Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-321505.

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This diploma thesis investigates propaganda practices of the Czechoslovakian Ministry of Foreign Affairs applied especially to the local press of Vienna during the interwar period. The aim of the thesis is to explain the reasons that made the Czechoslovakian authorities take these steps and to reconstruct the events surrounding the subsidizing of the Vernay publishing house. A part of the investigation is an analysis of the press published under this house (Der Tag, Die Stunde, Die Börse, Die Bühne, Die Sphinx and business books of Compass) - its history, political orientation, columns, journalists, characteristics, etc. The emphasis is placed on changes brought by the Czechoslovakian influence. The thesis studies activities of the journalists (not only in Vernay's newspapers) during the crucial moments of the history of the Austrian - Czechoslovakian relations (e.g. the Austro-German Customs Union of 1931) and then draws conclusions on the effectiveness the propaganda. In this regard, the aspects seen as the most problematic are especially the non-loyalty of some of the journalists, a wide awareness of the propaganda in both countries, and a choice of newspapers intended for the purpose of propaganda.

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Prazeres, Sara Patrícia Cardoso Ferreira de Almeida. "A formação diplomática ministrada pelo Instituto Diplomático no contexto da diplomacia pública e no âmbito da Iniciativa 5+5". Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/14910.

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Serve o presente documento como registo descritivo da prossecução da componente não letiva do mestrado, por via de um estágio curricular realizado no Instituto Diplomático do Ministério dos Negócios Estrangeiros, cujo relatório aqui se apresenta. O presente relatório de estágio destina-se então não só a descrever as atividades desenvolvidas ao longo do estágio como também - após a definição dos seus conceitos estruturantes - a desenvolver a ideia de que a formação diplomática é ministrada como instrumento de diplomacia pública e não como ferramenta de soft power. Pretende-se, a propósito da I Reunião dos Diretores de Formação Diplomática no âmbito da Iniciativa 5+5, entender em que assenta esta nova parceria global euro-mediterrânica e os seus objetivos essenciais, as vantagens que poderão advir desta parceria para Portugal e especialmente para algumas unidades do Ministério dos Negócios Estrangeiro, nomeadamente o IDI, no que respeita à formação diplomática, procurando ainda perceber o papel do IDI na área da diplomacia pública.

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Piekarniak, Aleksandra. "Polsko-włoskie kontakty kulturalne w latach 1945-1980 w świetle dokumentów archiwalnych polskiego Ministerstwa Spraw Zagranicznych, przekazów autobiograficznych i literackich". Doctoral thesis, 2018. https://depotuw.ceon.pl/handle/item/2928.

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Niniejsza praca doktorska poświęcona jest kontaktom polsko-włoskim w obszarze kultury w latach 1945-1980. Celem rozprawy jest ukazanie rozwoju wzajemnych stosunków dwóch państw w tym okresie poprzez analizę wydarzeń i związków kulturalnych zachodzących pomiędzy nimi, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem roli, jaką odegrała kultura w ich wzajemnych relacjach. Badanie zostało podzielone na dwie części. Część pierwsza ukazuje rozwój kontaktów kulturalnych pomiędzy dwoma państwami w sferze stosunków oficjalnych w trzech podstawowych czasookresach, czemu odpowiadają trzy kolejne rozdziały tej części pracy. W rozdziale pierwszym przedstawiono kontakty polsko-włoskie w latach 1945-1955. Dwustronne relacje wznowiły się wówczas po II wojnie światowej oraz przechodziły przez trudny dla tych stosunków okres nasilenia zimnej wojny końca lat 40. i początku lat 50., w którym uległy osłabieniu. W rozdziale drugim, obejmującym drugą połowę lat 50. i lata 60., ukazano próby ponownego ożywienia wzajemnej kooperacji dwóch państw w sytuacji odwilży w stosunkach pomiędzy dwoma przeciwnymi blokami politycznymi, do których należały podówczas dwa nasze państwa, oraz rozwinięcie współpracy po polskim Październiku 1956 roku, stanowiącym również element sprzyjający rozwojowi wzajemnych kontaktów. A ponadto stopniowe intensyfikowanie się tych kontaktów w latach 60., wyrażające się w składaniu sobie przez przedstawicieli dwóch rządów (Republiki Włoskiej i PRL) wzajemnych wizyt państwowych i przełamaniu tendencji wstrzymywania dialogu z okresu nasilenia zimnej wojny, oraz podpisaniu umowy kulturalnej pomiędzy nimi, umożliwiającej dalsze rozwinięcie wzajemnych stosunków w tej dziedzinie. Rozdział trzeci wreszcie poświęcono współpracy polsko-włoskiej z lat 70., kiedy współpraca ta była już znacznie rozwinięta i udogodniona. Jako materiał źródłowy do tej części pracy posłużyły głównie dokumenty z Archiwum polskiego Ministerstwa Spraw Zagranicznych, wzbogacone o doniesienia prasowe i dostępną literaturę, dotyczącą omawianych zagadnień. W tej części rozprawy starano się ukazać ewolucję polsko-włoskich kontaktów kulturalnych, od nawiązania wzajemnych stosunków, poprzez ich osłabienie, ponowne ożywienie i rozwój, uwidaczniając jak kultura pomagała relacjom tym wznawiać się, trwać i rozwijać. W części drugiej rozprawy, stanowiącej uzupełnienie części pierwszej, ukazane zostały kontakty osobiste intelektualistów, pisarzy i publicystów z Włochami, jak również obecność włoskiej literatury współczesnej w Polsce. Materiał badawczy dotyczący tej części pracy był dość urozmaicony. Obejmował bowiem korespondencję Polaków, ludzi kultury, przesyłaną do Włoch oraz niektóre listy włoskie, publikacje pokonferencyjne Stacji Naukowej PAN w Rzymie oraz publikacje, jakie ukazały się po konferencjach, organizowanych przez Polską Akademię Nauk we współpracy z wenecką Fundacją Giorgio Cini w latach 60. i 70.. Za materiał badawczy posłużyły tutaj także przekazy osobiste pisarzy polskich, w tym zwłaszcza: Jarosława Iwaszkiewicza, Tadeusza Brezy, Eugeniusza Kabatca, Wacława Kubackiego i Mariana Brandysa, oraz inne wspomnienia i dzieła literackie polskich pisarzy i publicystów, zrodzone z ich kontaktów z Włochami w przedziale lat 1945-1980. W osobnym rozdziale drugiej części rozprawy, podjęto analizę rozwoju polsko-włoskich kontaktów kulturalnych w oparciu o tłumaczoną w Polsce włoską literaturę współczesną. W tej końcowej już części pracy starano się ukazać odzwierciedlony w doborze utworów włoskich przeznaczonych do przetłumaczenia rozwój kontaktów polsko-włoskich w wyszczególnionych tutaj dwóch okresach: pierwszym powojennym, obejmującego koniec lat 40. i lata 50., oraz drugim lat 60. i 70.. Badanie nad przekładami dodatkowo wzbogacono o sylwetki czterech wybranych tłumaczy: Barbary Sieroszewskiej, Zofii Ernstowej, Stanisława Kasprzysiaka i Haliny Kralowej, którzy odegrali istotną rolę w propagowaniu literatury włoskiej w badanym okresie. Praca badawcza dowiodła, że kultura w całym okresie powojennym lat 1945-1980 łączyła oba narody, stanowiąc w trudnej częstokroć sytuacji podziałów i utrzymujących się trudności w sferze politycznej, swoiste spoiwo, które pozwalało kontaktom tym przetrwać przez wszystkie trudne okresy, a następnie wznawiać się i rozwijać.
This doctoral thesis addresses Polish-Italian contacts in the field of culture in the years 1945-1980. The purpose of the research is to show development of mutual relations between the two countries within the above period through analysis of events and cultural relations between them, especially bearing in mind the role played by culture in their mutual relations. The work is divided into two parts. The first part presents the development of cultural contacts between the two countries in the area of official relations during three basic time periods, which are reflected in three subsequent chapters of this part of the work. The first chapter presents Polish-Italian contacts in the years 1945-1955. During such period, their bilateral relations were re-established after the Second World War, and went through a Cold War intensification period, difficult for such relations, at the end of the 40’s and at the beginning of the 50’s, where they became weaker. In the second chapter comprising the second half of the 50’s and the 60’s, I presented attempts of re-invigorating the mutual co-operation of the both countries in the situation of political thaw in relations between two opposite political blocks in which our two states participated at that time, and development of co-operation after the Polish October 1956, which was also an element encouraging development of mutual contacts. Furthermore, gradual intensification of such contacts in the 60’s, reflected in reciprocal state visits of representatives of the two governments (the Italian Republic and the People’s Republic of Poland), and breaking the trend to suspend their dialogue from the period of intensification of the Cold War, and signing a cultural treaty between them which facilitated further development of mutual relations in this field. Finally, the third chapter was dedicated to Polish-Italian cooperation in the 70’s, when such cooperation was already significantly developed and facilitated. As source materials for this part of the work, I have used mainly documents from the Archives of the Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs, plus press releases and available literature regarding the matters concerned. In this part of the thesis I tried to show the evolution of Polish-Italian cultural contacts, beginning with the establishment of mutual contacts, through their weakening, reinvigoration and development, showing how culture helped re-establish, maintain and develop such relations. In the second part of the thesis, which supplements the first part, personal contacts of intellectuals, writers and journalists with Italy, as well as the presence of Italian contemporary literature in Poland, were presented. The research material regarding this part of the work was quite varied, as it included correspondence of Poles, cultural figures, sent to Italy, and certain Italian letters, post-conference publications of the Scientific Centre of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Rome and publications after conferences organised by the Polish Academy of Sciences in co-operation with the Giorgio Cini Foundation, Venice, in the 60’s and 70’s. As research material here I have used personal messages from Polish writers, including in particular: Jarosław Iwaszkiewicz, Tadeusz Breza, Eugeniusz Kabatc, Wacław Kubacki and Marian Brandys, and other memoirs and literary works of Polish writers and journalists, originating from their contacts with Italy in the period 1945-1980. In a separate chapter of the second part of the thesis, the development of Polish-Italian cultural contacts was analysed based on the Italian contemporary literature translated in Poland. In this final part of the work, I tried to show the development of Polish-Italian contacts reflected in the selection of Italian works intended to be translated during two periods detailed here: the first post-war period comprising the end of the 40’s and the 50’s, and the second period comprising the 60’s and the 70’s. Profiles of four selected translators: Barbara Sieroszewska, Zofia Ernstowa, Stanisław Kasprzysiak and Halina Kralowa, who played a significant role in promoting Italian literature during the period under research, were added to the chapter on translations. The research work proved that culture within the entire post-war period in the years 1945-1980 connected both nations, being, in a situation of divisions and continuing difficulties in the political sphere, a kind of binding material which made it possible for such contacts to survive all difficult periods, and then re-establish and grow.

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Sapata, Matilde Catarino Pereira. "A tradução em contexto institucional: estudo de caso no Instituto Diplomático do Ministério dos Negócios Estrangeiros". Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/130843.

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A tradução institucional é uma prática desempenhada particularmente por instituições, a qual sustenta a comunicação entre estas e os seus públicos-alvo, de modo a que as mesmas possam cumprir a sua principal finalidade – regular determinados grupos em determinados domínios sociais. No sentido de assegurarem que os conteúdos por si publicados cumprem certos requisitos, as instituições acabam por exercer um controlo rigoroso sobre o processo tradutório, aplicando geralmente critérios de qualidade exigentes, bem como metodologias que visam garantir a observância de tais critérios. As condições sob as quais é realizada a tradução institucional impõem vários constrangimentos ao tradutor, condicionando a sua prática tradutória. A tarefa a que me propus neste relatório foi analisar a forma como, na instituição portuguesa responsável pela execução da política externa, o Ministério dos Negócios Estrangeiros, se processa a tradução institucional. Pretendi ainda refletir acerca das metodologias que adotei para lidar com este tipo de tradução, da maneira como solucionei os problemas de tradução que foram surgindo ao longo do estágio e da forma como as soluções conscientemente adotadas contribuíram para um crescimento e aperfeiçoamento da minha competência tradutória.
Institutional translation is a practice performed particularly by institutions, which supports the communication between these and their target audiences, so that they can fulfil their main purpose — to regulate certain groups in certain social domains. In order to ensure that the contents they publish meet specific requirements, institutions strictly control the translation process, usually by applying demanding quality criteria as well as methodologies to ensure that these criteria are followed. The conditions under which institutional translation is carried out impose several constraints on the translator, conditioning his/her translation practice. The task I set myself in this report was to analyse the way institutional translation is carried out in the Portuguese institution responsible for implementing foreign policy, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. I also intended to reflect on the methodologies I adopted to deal with this type of translation, the way I solved the translation problems that arose during the internship and how the solutions consciously adopted contributed to the growth and improvement of my translation competence.

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Rosa, Tiago Alexandre Figueira. "Relatório de Estágio na Representação Permanente de Portugal junto da União Europeia". Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/115263.

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Este relatório tem como objetivo descrever o estágio curricular por mim realizado na Representação Permanente de Portugal junto da União Europeia, em Bruxelas, como parte da componente não-letiva do mestrado. Ao longo deste estágio pude melhor compreender a UE, em especial o Conselho da União Europeia, e o seu funcionamento, que me proponho descrever no presente relatório. Farei ainda a apresentação geral do estágio e das atividades que pude realizar durante o mesmo. Uma vez que tive a oportunidade de ter um contacto muito próximo com o Comité Político e de Segurança e o Grupo Político-Militar, pude observar e relacionar-me com diversas políticas europeias integradas na Política Comum de Segurança e Defesa, como a Cooperação Estruturada Permanente ou a relação e cooperação entre ao União Europeia e a NATO. Destas destaco o Mecanismo Europeu de Apoio à Paz, que terá o seu início em 2021 e será uma das maiores políticas europeias da área até hoje, razão pela qual descrevo o seu background e o modo de funcionamento futuro.
This report aims to describe the curricular internship I did at the Permanent Representation of Portugal to the European Union, in Brussels, as part of the non-teaching component of the master's degree. Throughout the internship I have been able to better understand the EU, in particular the Council of the European Union, and how it works, which I propose to describe in this report, in addition to the general explanation of the internship and activities that I was able to carry out during it. Since I have done the internship in very close contact with the Political and Security Committee and the Political-Military Group, I have been able to observe and relate to several European policies integrated into the Common Security and Defence Policy, including the European Peace Facility, which will begin in 2021 and which will be one of the largest European policies in the area to date, and for that reason I describe what the facility will be and what its background is.

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