Literatura académica sobre el tema "French language – Vocabulary – Juvenile literature"

французы в повседневном общении широко используют лексику часто сниженного регистра, арготического характера. Незнание такой лексики затрудняет чтение художественной литературы, понимание кинофильмов на французском языке, аудиозаписей, понимание живой французской речи. Это определяет необходимость знакомства с особенностями французской разговорной речи, в частности, с арго, что и предопределило актуальность данного исследования. Цель исследования: выявление арготической лексики в произведениях Альбера Симонена, малоизвестного в России автора серии криминальных романов, который внес значительный вклад в распространение арго и просторечия во французской литературе. Теоретическое и практическое значение работы состоит в том, что материалы статьи могут быть полезны для исследователей, интересующихся проблемами формирования и функционирования французской разговорной лексики и занимающихся вопросами истории и обогащения французской литературы. В заключение статьи автор предлагает глоссарий арготической лексики криминального характера (субъекты и инструментарий маргинальной и криминальной среды, антогонисты противоправных действий и т.д.), что дает возможности использования полученных данных как демонстрационного материала в курсе по культуре стран изучаемого языка, а также спецкурсов, посвященных истории французской литературы. the French make extensive use of the vocabulary of an often reduced register, of an argothic nature. Ignorance of such vocabulary makes it difficult to read fiction, understand French films, audio recordings, and understand French language. This determines the need to get acquainted with the features of the French spoken language, in particular with argo, which predetermined the relevance of this study. The purpose of the research is to identify the argothic vocabulary in the works of Albert Simonen, little known in Russia, author of a series of criminal novels, who has made a significant contribution to the dissemination of argo and vernacular in French literature. The theoretical and practical significance of the work lies in the fact that the materials of the article can be useful for researchers interested in the formation and functioning of French colloquial vocabulary and dealing with the history and enrichment of French literature. At the end of the article, the author offers a glossary of an argothic vocabulary of a criminal nature (subjects and tools of a marginal and criminal environment, anthogonists of illegal actions, etc.), making it possible to use the data as a demonstration material in a course on the culture of the target countries, as well as special courses on the history of French literature.

In this article, we discuss the elaboration and use of vocabulary lists aimed for learners of French as a for-eign language. These lists are commonly based on corpora, which, in the ideal case, are representative, relevant and large. As for the English language, this kind of corpora has been available for a long time (e.g. the COCA and the BNC). Vocabulary lists, which are often used in learning contexts, have been based on these corpora. The situation is, however, less favorable when it comes to the French language, with fewer corpora meeting the mentioned criteria, and, thus, fewer possibilities to create vocabulary lists that are useful for learners. In this contribution, we present work that has been done in order to create a vocabulary list, Riksprovsordlistan, containing about 4,000 words and used at all Swedish universities. The discussion focuses on methodological challenges such as choice of counting unit – lemma vs. word family –, the role of frequency, thematic vocabulary, as well as characteristics of written vs. spoken corpora.

AbstractIn order to address gaps in the literature surrounding the acquisition of translation equivalents (TEs) in young bilinguals, two experiments were conducted. In Experiment 1, TEs were measured in the expressive vocabularies of thirty-four French–English bilinguals at 1;4, 1;10, and 2;6 using the MacArthur Bates CDI. Children's acquisition of TEs occurred gradually, with more balanced ratios of exposure and vocabulary associated with larger proportions of TEs at each wave. Experiment 2 compared a direct measure of TE comprehension with parent report of the same set of words. Results showed that parents may over-report children's TE comprehension, as our sample of two-year-old French–English bilinguals (n= 20) comprehended fewer TEs on a direct measure of receptive vocabulary than parents reported on the vocabulary checklist. The present study provides an original contribution to the literature on bilingual vocabulary development by employing both a longitudinal design and a direct measure of TE comprehension.

This article analyzes the slang linguistic elements of Faïza Guène's entire fictional work. The writer inscribes her creations in the literary genre "beur" (literature of generations born of Algerian immigration) and urban (suburban) literature, two connected areas of modern French prose. It also studies the phenomenon of « contemporary French in cities » (a term introduced by argotologist J.-P. Goudaillier) as a variety of French argots. Indeed, the author's language is special in the sense that it is characterized by several marks of oral character at all levels. The wide use that she makes of different slang strata is motivated by the fact that, on the one hand, this vocabulary is part of her personal linguistic experience and that, on the other hand, these multiple processes make it possible to give her works the appearance most realistic and plausible that it is. Based on the analysis of a non-standard vocabulary (frequency of argot lexemes, means of their semantization, synonymic ranks, training procedures), the authors draw conclu-sions on the functions of slang in the novels of F. Guène. Although all the functions specific to French argots are present in his works, their hierarchy differs from one novel to another depending on the change of the subjects treated and the characteristics of the characters/narrators.

The article addresses the need for adapted editions of works of Bulgarian literature for the purposes of teaching and studying Bulgarian language and literature abroad. Reference is made to similar French language editions published in France and Russia and examples from web sites with adapted editions. Examples of adapted French editions of works by V. Hugo are discussed as well. The author proposes an adaptation of an excerpt from Ivan Vazov’s novel Under the Yoke where parts of the text are abridged, individual emblematic parts are supplied with annotations and vocabulary and other redacted sections are presented along with the original.

La présente étude vise à étayer l’état des connaissances liées aux relations entre les compétences en compréhension écrite, le vocabulaire et les capacités en traitement graphomorphologique d’étudiants collégiaux du français langue seconde de niveau intermédiaire et intermédiaire avancé. Bon nombre de ces étudiants présentent des problèmes de compréhension écrite, problèmes qui sont abordés dans la présente recherche sous l’angle des connaissances lexicales et du traitement graphomorphologique, soit la capacité de coordonner les informations de nature orthographique, phonologique et sémantique au cours de la lecture. Les résultats montrent que les étudiants possèdent de faibles connaissances lexicales, ce qui pourrait expliquer en partie les problèmes de compréhension écrite qu’ils présentent. Par ailleurs, même si les étudiants de niveau intermédiaire avancé affichent une meilleure compétence en compréhension écrite et de meilleures connaissances en vocabulaire que les étudiants de niveau intermédiaire, leurs capacités en matière de traitement graphomorphologique sont de même niveau. Enfin, les liens entre les trois variables semblent plus forts pour les étudiants de niveau intermédiaire que pour ceux de niveau intermédiaire avancé, ce qui pourrait laisser penser que le traitement graphomorphologique jouerait un rôle plus important pour les apprenants moins avancés d’une langue seconde.
The present study seeks to investigate the relationship between reading comprehension, vocabulary, and the graphomorphologic processing abilities of college students studying French as a second language at intermediate and intermediate-advanced levels. Many of these students face written comprehension difficulties which are often addressed from the vantage point of lexical knowledge and graphomorphological processing, the capacity to coordinate information that is orthographic, phonologic, and semantic in nature while reading. The results of the study demonstrate that students possess weak vocabulary, which could explain in part the problems they face with respect to written comprehension. As well, even if students at the intermediate-advanced level demonstrate better levels of written comprehension and a larger vocabulary in comparison to students at the intermediate level, their capacity with respect to graphomorphological processing are the same. The evidence demonstrates that the links between the three variables seem to be stronger for students at the intermediate level than at the intermediate-advanced level, which could imply that graphomorphological processing plays a more important role for less proficient second language learners.

Cette recherche vise à décrire 1) les erreurs lexicales commises en production écrite par des élèves francophones de 3e secondaire et 2) le rapport à l’erreur lexicale d’enseignants de français (conception de l’erreur lexicale, pratiques d’évaluation du vocabulaire en production écrite, modes de rétroaction aux erreurs lexicales). Le premier volet de la recherche consiste en une analyse d’erreurs à trois niveaux : 1) une description linguistique des erreurs à l’aide d’une typologie, 2) une évaluation de la gravité des erreurs et 3) une explication de leurs sources possibles. Le corpus analysé est constitué de 300 textes rédigés en classe de français par des élèves de 3e secondaire. L’analyse a révélé 1144 erreurs lexicales. Les plus fréquentes sont les problèmes sémantiques (30%), les erreurs liées aux propriétés morphosyntaxiques des unités lexicales (21%) et l’utilisation de termes familiers (17%). Cette répartition démontre que la moitié des erreurs lexicales sont attribuables à une méconnaissance de propriétés des mots autres que le sens et la forme. L’évaluation de la gravité des erreurs repose sur trois critères : leur acceptation linguistique selon les dictionnaires, leur impact sur la compréhension et leur degré d’intégration à l’usage. Les problèmes liés aux registres de langue sont généralement ceux qui sont considérés comme les moins graves et les erreurs sémantiques représentent la quasi-totalité des erreurs graves. Le troisième axe d’analyse concerne la source des erreurs et fait ressortir trois sources principales : l’influence de la langue orale, la proximité sémantique et la parenté formelle entre le mot utilisé et celui visé. Le second volet de la thèse concerne le rapport des enseignants de français à l’erreur lexicale et repose sur l’analyse de 224 rédactions corrigées ainsi que sur une série de huit entrevues menées avec des enseignants de 3e secondaire. Lors de la correction, les enseignants relèvent surtout les erreurs orthographiques ainsi que celles relevant des propriétés morphosyntaxiques des mots (genre, invariabilité, régime), qu’ils classent parmi les erreurs de grammaire. Les erreurs plus purement lexicales, c’est-à-dire les erreurs sémantiques, l’emploi de termes familiers et les erreurs de collocation, demeurent peu relevées, et les annotations des enseignants concernant ces types d’erreurs sont vagues et peu systématiques, donnant peu de pistes aux élèves pour la correction. L’évaluation du vocabulaire en production écrite est toujours soumise à une appréciation qualitative, qui repose sur l’impression générale des enseignants plutôt que sur des critères précis, le seul indicateur clair étant la répétition. Les explications des enseignants concernant les erreurs lexicales reposent beaucoup sur l’intuition, ce qui témoigne de certaines lacunes dans leur formation en lien avec le vocabulaire. Les enseignants admettent enseigner très peu le vocabulaire en classe au secondaire et expliquent ce choix par le manque de temps et d’outils adéquats. L’enseignement du vocabulaire est toujours subordonné à des tâches d’écriture ou de lecture et vise davantage l’acquisition de mots précis que le développement d’une réelle compétence lexicale.
This research aims to describe 1) francophone students’ lexical errors in writing and 2) teachers’ relation to lexical errors (conception of error, vocabulary evaluation practices, feedback provided). The first part of the research consists in a three-level error analysis: 1) a linguistic description based on an error typology, 2) an evaluation of error gravity and 3) an explanation of the possible sources of error. The corpus analyzed is composed of 300 texts written in French class by 3rd year high school students. The analysis revealed 1144 lexical errors. The most common are semantic problems (30%), errors related to morphosyntactic properties of words (21%) and the use of colloquial words (17%). This distribution shows that half of the lexical errors are due to a lack of knowledge of word properties other than meaning and form. The evaluation of error gravity is based on three criteria: their acceptability according to dictionaries, their impact on comprehension and their degree of integration to language. Problems related to register are usually those perceived as less serious and semantic problems represent the vast majority of serious errors. The third level of analysis concerns the possible causes of the errors and identifies three main sources: influence of oral language, semantic proximity and formal similarity between the word used and the target word. The second part of the thesis concerns French teachers’ relation to lexical errors and is based on the analysis of 224 corrected essays and eight interviews. When correcting, teachers focus their attention on errors involving morphosyntactic properties of words (gender, invariability, government pattern), which they consider as grammatical errors. The more genuine lexical errors (semantic errors, use of colloquial words and collocation errors) are rarely pointed out, and comments provided regarding these types of errors are vague and inconsistent, giving students very few hints for correction. The evaluation of vocabulary in written production is always subject to a qualitative assessment, based on the teacher’s general impression rather than specific criteria, the only clear indicator being repetition. The explanations teachers provide about lexical problems rely heavily on intuition, which shows some deficiencies in their training in regards to vocabulary.

Cette thèse a été subventionnée par Le Fonds de recherche du Québec – Société et culture (FRQSC)
Dans cette thèse, l’auteur s’est penché sur la question de l’apprentissage/enseignement du vocabulaire en français langue seconde (L2). Depuis plusieurs années, la recherche en L2 fait face à une question essentielle : celle de l’efficacité de différentes approches d’enseignement lexical afin de favoriser l’apprentissage des mots. Certains chercheurs (par ex. Krashen, 1982, 1989) considèrent que l’apprentissage du vocabulaire en L2, tout comme celui des aspects morphosyntaxiques, se produit uniquement de façon incidente pendant l’exposition aux différents échantillons de la langue (c.-à-d., l’intrant) et à travers des activités centrées sur le sens communicatif telles que la lecture de textes. D’autres (par ex. Laufer, 2005, 2006) préconisent une approche plus explicite de l’enseignement du vocabulaire, centrée sur les aspects formels des éléments lexicaux (form-focused instruction). Cette question n’a pas fait l’objet d’une recherche exhaustive, surtout en ce qui concerne les modalités de l’enseignement centré sur la forme (FFI) et le moment approprié (le FFI intégré vs le FFI isolé) pour le fournir, d’où l’importance de cette recherche. Trois études expérimentales ont été effectuées afin d’examiner l’efficacité de différentes approches d’enseignement du vocabulaire en français. Quarante-deux apprenants de français L2 ont participé à deux études de cas multiples (n = 9 et n = 10) et à une étude quasi-expérimentale (n = 23). Les deux premières études ont servi de pilotes pour l’élaboration de la méthodologie de la troisième étude. L'intervention expérimentale (quatre périodes de 45 minutes chacune) ciblant 36 mots a été réalisée à travers trois conditions expérimentales (FFI intégré, FFI isolé et répétition) et une condition de contrôle (apprentissage incident via la lecture). Chacun des participants a bénéficié de toutes les conditions. En d’autres termes, parmi les mots ciblés, certains devaient être appris incidemment, certains à travers une exposition répétée et certains ont été enseignés par le FFI intégré et le FFI isolé. Des tâches lexicales ont été administrées avant et deux fois après l'intervention. Les résultats indiquent les avantages du FFI en comparaison avec l'apprentissage incident et la répétition sans aucune différence significative entre le FFI isolé et le FFI intégré. La conclusion de cette thèse met l’emphase sur l’importance du FFI afin d’améliorer l’apprentissage du vocabulaire, tout en précisant le caractère indispensable des activités de récupération pour diminuer la perte de l’apprentissage produit.
In this thesis, the author examined the question of vocabulary learning/teaching in French as a second language (L2). L2 research has been interested in the effects of different approaches of lexical instruction on vocabulary learning. Some researchers (e.g. Krashen, 1982, 1989) contend that L2 learning, vocabulary and morphosyntax, occurs incidentally through the exposure to comprehensible input and through meaning-based activities such as reading. Others (e.g. Laufer, 2005, 2006) advocate a more explicit approach to vocabulary teaching, focused on the form of lexical elements. The effects of lexical form-focused instruction (FFI) have not been thoroughly investigated, particularly its different modalities and timing (integrated FFI vs isolated FFI), hence the relevance of this research. Three experimental studies were conducted to examine the effectiveness of different vocabulary teaching approaches in French as an L2. Forty-two L2 French learners participated in two multiple case studies (n = 9 and n = 10) and a quasi-experimental study (n = 23). Among other things, the first two studies were designed to serve as pilots for the methodological design of the third study. The experimental intervention (four periods of 45 minutes each) targeting 36 words was carried out through three experimental conditions (integrated FFI, isolated FFI and repetition) and a control condition (incidental learning through reading). Each participant benefited from all the conditions. In other words, among the targeted words, some had to be learned incidentally, some through repeated exposure and some were taught by the integrated FFI and the isolated FFI. Lexical tasks were administered before intervention started and twice after it ended (immediate posttest and delayed posttest). Results indicate the advantages of FFI compared to incidental learning and repetition. However, there is no significant differences between the isolated FFI and the integrated FFI. The conclusion of this thesis emphasizes the importance of FFI in order to improve the vocabulary learning, while specifying the necessity of the retrieval activities to reduce learning loss.

Abstract As French replaced Latin as the language of administration and the law and became the language of a burgeoning literature and eventually of education, scholars and other members of the social elite defined the linguistic limits of supposedly acceptable usage in metalinguistic texts: orthographic treatises, guides to pronunciation, grammars, dictionaries, and commentaries on the language. Creating a standard language was considered a necessary step in making French equal to the classical languages, a language of empire, a prestigious language of courtly society, and ultimately, of a functioning republic. These texts formalized the standard in pronunciation, spelling, vocabulary, morphology, and syntax. The definition of usage has included geographic, social, historical, and philosophical criteria, varying according to the societal needs of each period. Although metalinguistic texts have moved towards democratization and an increased acknowledgement—and tolerance—of variation, speakers themselves often reject variation and value adherence to a narrow norm.

Abstract This chapter offers an overview of the Welsh poetic field as it intersects with the English in the centuries following the Edwardian conquest of 1282–3. From the early-fourteenth-century Harley lyrics, to English Arthuriana, and late-medieval Welsh and macaronic poetry, it explores the evidence for cross-cultural and cross-linguistic interaction, noting the mediating role of Latin and French material in the circulation of Welsh names and thematic content in English-language literary culture. It suggests that during this period we find the clearest evidence of the direct influence not of Welsh poetry on English but of English language and literature on Welsh, in the English vocabulary and apparent familiarity with the English popular lyric in the writings of Chaucer’s contemporary, Dafydd ap Gwilym, as well as in the English–Welsh macaronic dialogues of the fifteenth century and the writing of English poetry in Welsh orthography.

With the mushrooming use of English and number of non-native speakers, the issue of teaching English in non-English contexts has been brought to the fore in discussions and empirical research. The question, who makes better language teachers of English, has received considerable attention in the literature on native English-speaking teachers (NESTs) and non-native English-speaking teachers (NNESTs). The current study examines the contributions of native and non-native teachers to an English Language Teaching (ELT) program in Ukraine. It contends that, in spite of a recent upsurge in writing on non-native English-speaking teachers (NNESTs) in the global discourse of English language teaching (ELT), the experiences of NNESTSs working within their own state educational systems remain seriously under-investigated. The purpose of the study is to explore the general perceptions of university students of NESTs and NNESTs in Ukraine. It also aims to find out with whom Ukrainian university students believe they learn more: with native or with non-native EFL teachers. This paper reports on the results of the study conducted at Oles Honchar National University with 158 undergraduate students majoring in German, French, Ukrainian Philology as well as International Relations to assess 2 male native English-speaking (NEST) and 10 non-native English teachers. A self-developed anonymous questionnaire is applied to seek their views about NESTs and NNESTs on rating scales relating to language skills, grammar, vocabulary, pronunciation, learning strategies, culture and civilization, attitudes and assessment. The study also views how these teachers are able to teach certain language skills and areas. Descriptive statistics were run for data analyses. It has been found out that the participants of this study have exhibited positive attitudes towards their NETs and NNETs. Though the results have shown an overall preference for NETs but it seems that the respondents also believe that NNETs effectively contribute by virtue of their own experiences as English language learners and their experience as teachers. It may be concluded that Ukrainian EFL learners represented by the participants of this survey believe that NETs are more successful in creating richer classroom environment, teaching/assessing speaking skills, listening skills, vocabulary and reading skills better. The findings reveal that NNETs use innovative strategies and explain lessons more clearly to make their students learn better. By virtue of their personal experiences as language learners themselves, they have been perceived to understand their students’ styles and language difficulties in a better manner that facilitate learning process. Therefore, it may be concluded that each group of teachers has been perceived to have their own particular strengths and weaknesses.