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1
Hill, Ronald Bryant. "Missing in America homelessness during the Reagan revolution /". Access restricted to users with UT Austin EID Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3034548.
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Marks, Steven M. Meer Thomas M. Nilson Matthew T. "Manhunting : a methodology for finding persons of national interest /". Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2005. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/05Jun%5FMarks.pdf.
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Nilson, Matthew T., Steven Marks y Thomas Meer. "Manhunting : a methodology for finding persons of national interest". Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/1921.
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The asymmetrical threats that challenge U.S. national policies are not large standing armies, but rather individuals who seek to usurp and coerce U.S. national interests. The nature of today's threats call for the U.S. military to change from finding, fixing, and destroying the enemy's forces to identifying, locating and capturing rogue individuals in order to destroy networks. To counter such threats, the USG will have to quickly and efficiently identify and find these targets globally. Unfortunately, no military doctrine, framework or process currently exists for finding and apprehending these Persons of National Interest (PONIs). Since military planners and intelligence analysts are neither educated nor trained in the methods or procedures necessary to find and capture PONIs, this thesis will propose a methodology to do so. This involves the development of an analytical process, and an organizational structure and procedure to identify and locate PONIs. Consequently, the United States government's ability to prosecute the war on terrorism today, and to find and apprehend PONIs in the future, depends on its ability to develop and institutionalize a comprehensive manhunting strategy now.US Air Force (USAF) author.
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Cazzola, Frederick J. "Delivery systems for maintenance training for the United States Army for the 21st century". Online version, 2002. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2002/2002cazzolaf.pdf.
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Runholt, Michael J. "Effect of the Americans with Disabilities Act upon the employment of persons with disabilities". Online version, 1998. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/1998/1998runholtm.pdf.
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Gould, Thomas E. Herman Robert D. "Homelessness, families and structural effects". Diss., UMK access, 2006.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Henry W. Bloch School of Business and Public Administration and the School of Education. University of Missouri--Kansas City, 2006."A dissertation in public affairs and administration and urban leadership and policy studies in education." Advisor: Robert D. Herman. Typescript. Vita. Title from "catalog record" of the print edition Description based on contents viewed Jan. 29, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 93-107). Online version of the print edition.
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Duffy, Maureen T. "The U.S. immigration detentions in the war on terror : impact on the rule of law". Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=82658.
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The terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, resulted in dramatic legal changes in the U.S. As part of its investigation into the attacks, the U.S. Government detained approximately 5,000 "aliens" from predominantly Muslim countries. These detentions were characterized by minimal, and sometimes non-existent, habeas corpus and due-process protections. During times of crisis, care should be taken that panic not be allowed to prevail over long-cherished constitutional values. This thesis examines Government actions in light of constitutional principles to examine the larger question of whether the War on Terror detention practices have permanently undermined the rule of law in the U.S.The factual and legal scenarios in this area have been changing at a rapid rate, and they will certainly continue to change. Those constant changes have presented a special challenge in writing this thesis. The facts and legal scenarios described herein, therefore, are current as of January 31, 2005.
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Sandoval, Kathryn Jean. "Using environmental education to integrate persons with mental illness into the community". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1998. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1789.
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Letendre, Martin. "Research with stored tissue samples of deceased persons : a North American perspective". Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=80938.
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In this thesis, the author studies the ethical and legal aspects of research conducted on stored tissue samples of deceased persons in North America.The first part of this thesis presents an overview of what constitutes human tissues and how are they used in research. The author describes the process in which human tissues are acquired and stored by health facilities, their utility for scientific research, and currently used techniques.
The second part is dedicated to the analysis of the current normative framework associated with research involving human tissue samples in North America. The author underlines the presence of two different normative regimes depending on whether the human tissues were removed before or after death. Finally, the author examines international documents in order to evaluate whether or not they can provide guidance to North American national legislation.
The third part evaluates the normative limitations associated with the use of stored tissue samples of deceased persons for research. The author considers that these limitations are related to the presence of conflicting interests, the difficulties in establishing rights over human tissues, the difficulties of establishing the rights of the dead, and the limitations of the theory of informed consent with regards to stored tissue samples.
The last part of this thesis suggests that stored human tissues should be interpreted as if they were part of an individual's medical record. After presenting some of the philosophical arguments in favour of such an interpretation, the author underlines the presence of legal precedents supporting the "tissue as information" model. The author finally examines the legal implications and the potential limitations of this proposal.
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Sloss, Eric J. "Homeless Abjection and the Uncanny “Place” of the National Imagination". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500028/.
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This project examines the effects of the homeless body and the threat of homelessness on constructing a national imaginary that relies on the trope of locatability for recognition as a citizen-subject. The thesis argues that homelessness, the oft-figured specter of public space, functions as bodies that are “pushed out” as citizen-subjects due to their inability maintain both discursive and material location. I argue that figures of “home” rely on the ever-present threat of dislocation to maintain a privileged position as the location of the consuming citizen-subject. That is, the presence of the dislocated homeless body haunts the discursive and material construction of home and its inhabitants. Homeless then becomes the uncanny inverse of home, functioning as an abjection that reifies home “place” as an arbiter of recognition in a neoliberal national imaginary. The chapters proceed to examine what some consider homeless “homes,” focusing on the reduction of the homeless condition to a place of inhabitance, or the lack thereof. This attempt to locate the homeless body becomes a symptom of the desire for recognition as a placed body. The thesis ends on a note of political possibility, figuring the uncanny as a rupture that evacuates language of signification and opens up space for a form of recognition without an over-determined identity.
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Sinkule, Jennifer A. "The psychological functioning of Bosnian refugees residing in the United States an examination of the impact of trauma, acculturation, community connectedness, perceived discrimination and ethnic identity /". Fairfax, VA : George Mason University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1920/3093.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--George Mason University, 2008.Vita: p. 95. Thesis director: Jelena Kecmanovic. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Psychology. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed July 7, 2008). Includes bibliographical references (p. 83-94). Also issued in print.
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Watanabe, Miwako. "A cross-cultural comparison of attitudes toward persons with disabilities: college students in Japan and the United States". Thesis, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/6937.
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Three factors were compared with regard to attitudes toward people with disabilities: (1) culture, (2) amount of contact, and (3) type of relationship. Participants included 111 college students majoring in Social Work or Psychology in the U.S. and 118 college students majoring in Social Policy and Administration in Japan. The Attitudes Towards Disabled Persons Scale (ATDP) (Yuker & Block, 1986) was used to measure attitudes. No significant relationships were found between attitudes toward people with disabilities and culture, nor the amount of contact. A significant relationship was found between the type of relationship and attitudes toward people with disabilities among students in the U.S., particularly among those who had a positive relationship with close friends. The implications for future training are discussed.ix, 55 leaves
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Vittone, Tracy J. "HIV, sex, life, and death : a cluster analysis of the "HIV Stops With Me" campaign". Virtual Press, 2004. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1285585.
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Chapter One introduces the "HIV Stops With Me" campaign, research by communication scholars on how HIV/AIDS messages are channeled, cultural influences, and the target audience of these messages in order to answer: What is the "HIV Stops With Me" campaign saying about individuals infected with HIV?Chapter Two describes the cluster analysis developed by Kenneth Burke. The steps in cluster analysis are: 1) identifying the key terms in the rhetoric, 2) charting the terms that cluster around the key terms, 3) discovering emergent patterns in the clusters, and 4) naming the motive, or situation, based on the meanings of the key terms.Chapter Three is a cluster analysis of the 2002 San Francisco "HIV Stops With Me" campaign. Key terms found in this analysis are "HIV," "sex," "life/living," and "death/dying."Chapter Four contains conclusions pertaining to the analysis of the rhetorical artifact, conclusions for cluster analysis, and future implications for academic scholarship.Department of Communication Studies
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Hague, Mary Catherine. "The "route to persuasion" gaining/maintaining local support for the hometown Air Force mission /". Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6677.
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Thesis (M.A.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on July 13, 2009) Includes bibliographical references.
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Strassels, Scott A. "The association of demographic and clinical characteristics with pain in persons who received hospice care in the United States /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7953.
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Van, den Berg Jacob John. "Stigma, psychological distress, and health-related quality of life among persons living with HIV/AIDS in the United States". [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0041164.
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Burke-Maynard, Elizabeth. "Healing from historical trauma for persons of African ancestry in the United States| An African centered psychology approach to wellness". Thesis, Pepperdine University, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10248643.
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This critical analysis of the literature explores the potential of African-centered psychology to address the sequelae of historical trauma in the 21st century persons of African ancestry in the United States. African American face significant health and wellness challenges including socioeconomic disparities, interpersonal violence, substance abuse, psycho-spiritual distress, and physical health issues. The literature questions the validity of mainstream psychological science to effectively conceptualize and treat persons of African ancestry, and calls for the identification of specific, culturally relevant interventions to increase physical and psychological wellness. The concept of historical trauma helps to explain the psycho-spiritual distress experienced by many persons of African ancestry in the United States, including internalized oppression, as the sequelae of unhealed wounds relates to enslavement and colonization, through the destruction of culture, language and religion, and imposition of non-inclusive systems of education, government and law. An African-centered psychology approach may alleviate suffering related to historical trauma. This dissertation further integrates the literature on the historical trauma response with the literature on African-centered psychology. Wellness goals for persons of African ancestry are identified in the literature of scholars, researchers, practitioners, activists, and community members. Concepts and strategies from an African-centered psychology framework are then explored for their potential to help illuminate challenges, address needs, and support goals, in alignment with cultural values and work currently being done in this field. Implications in the areas of epistemology, research, clinical practice, practitioner training, and public acknowledgement are explored in depth, and recommendations for incorporating African centered strategies in therapeutic interventions are made. This dissertation also identifies its own theoretical and methodological limitations, and proposes areas for future investigation. Emerging hypotheses suggest that incorporating African centered practices in therapeutic work with persons of African ancestry and their communities may offer a congruent and compatible pathway to promote psychological well-being in persons and communities of African ancestry.
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Weber, Hedda Anne. "Comparison of the legal protection standards of HIV-infected public employees in Canada and the United States". Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=30334.
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This thesis examines the legal protection of public employees who are HIV-infected or have AIDS in Canada and the United States. Emphasis is placed on the dealing with mandatory HIV-testing schemes in each country. To this end, the first section presents medical facts about the disease itself, the transmission risks, and testing methods as ethical considerations about HIV-testing schemes. The second section addresses the protection standards guaranteed by the Constitution of the United States and compares them to the standards set out by the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms . Finally, the third section compares protection offered under the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, the Americans with Disabilities Act, and the Canadian Human Rights Act.
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Hartsook, Elaine Iris. "Dietary intake and use of dietary supplements in persons with celiac sprue compared with persons of similar race, age, and sex in the general United States population : prerequisite for nutrition education /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7721.
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Tse, Pui San. "Cross-cultural Differences in the Presentation of Depressive Symptoms". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2015. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc801937/.
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Epidemiological studies show that China has a lower prevalence rate of major depression than that of Western countries. The disparity in prevalence is commonly attributed to the tendency of Chinese to somatize depression. Empirical evidence of Chinese somatization has yielded mixed results. The present study thus aimed to 1) examine differences in somatic and psychological symptom reporting between Chinese from Macau and Americans in America and 2) identify cultural and psychological variables that would predict somatization. Independent and interdependent self-construals, sociotropy, and emotional approach coping were hypothesized to predict somatization of depression. Participants included 353 Chinese and 491 American college students who completed self-report measures online. Contrary to prediction, results indicated that Americans endorsed a higher proportion of somatic symptoms than Chinese did. Sociotropy predicted both relative endorsement and severity of somatic symptoms for the American sample, whereas emotional expression coping was related to somatization in the Chinese sample. The findings challenge the common assumption of greater Chinese somatization and highlight the importance of context in understanding the relationships between somatization and cultural and psychological variables. Implications of the present study and future directions are discussed.
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Fouche, Brian David. "The Cracks in the Golden Door: An Analysis of the Immigration Policy of the United States of America, 1882-1952". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2007. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2124.
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Since its founding, the economic opportunities and quality of life present in the United States of America have drawn millions of people across the oceans to seek out a better existence for themselves. America's Founding Fathers believed that the country needed as large a population as possible to become a strong nation. The capitalistic economy of the new nation caused immigration to become critically important in the expansion of its manufacturing infrastructure. Once the growth of the nation's population began to exceed that of the economy's needs, the federal government attempted to limit further immigration. The government focused on restricting how many people of certain ethnicities could enter the country each year, ignoring the problems facing those immigrants who were already in the United States. Even worse, the policy, through various quota restrictions and fees, encouraged people from Canada and Mexico to enter the country illegally. This paper is intended to analyze the flaws of the major immigration acts passed between 1882 and 1952.
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Kilic, Gorunmek Hediye. "Demand and Supply Explanation: Nonprofit Size in Homeless Service Area". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2018. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1404549/.
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This study explores the demand and supply oriented factors that may contribute to the size of nonprofit organizations in the U.S. communities. This research tests demand theory, which indicated that nonprofit organizations grow more in communities where large service demand exists and when there is a service gap between community demand and government service supply. On the other hand, supply theories contend that nonprofit organizations are prevalent where a community carries the supply of human capital and financial resources and these supply of human and economic capital will mobilize nonprofit organizations to fulfill civic duties. For the scientific test of demand and supply theories, this study employs hierarchical linear model (HLM) and develops a longitudinal data set from multiple sources such as Department of Housing and Urban Development and National Charitable Center for Statistics, and Census. The proposed model analyzes how demand and supply indicators explain homeless serving nonprofit organizations size. The size of homeless service nonprofit was measured by three indicators: number of nonprofits, revenue of nonprofits and number of shelter beds. The findings of HLM analyses confirmed some of demand and supply factors that contribute homeless service nonprofit size. The communities with higher level of chronic homeless population have more nonprofit organizations when we control community size. Also, we found the communities with a greater number of educated individuals are more likely to invest in nonprofit organizations. And it was noteworthy that the higher education institution was a positive supply factor for the nonprofit size in our communities.
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Tilton, Abigail C. "The health status of people living with HIV/AIDS and in treatment in the United States". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2006. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5339/.
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Vulnerable populations comprise a growing number of people living with HIV/AIDS and are at increased risk for poorer health outcomes. The purpose of this research was to approximate the effect of the Ryan White CARE Act on the health status of people living with HIV/AIDS who were receiving medical care in the United States. The vulnerable populations model was utilized to identify appropriate variables for analysis as well as to provide a sequencing for the testing of models. Data analyzed in this study came from the 1996 Baseline Survey of the HIV Cost and Services Utilization Study (HCSUS), a cooperative study between RAND and the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research (now known as the Agency for Health Care Quality and Research). Three analyses sequences, using different dependent variables, to estimate health status were conducted. In the first analysis, health status was measured by CD-4 count and stage of illness. In the second analysis, only CD-4 counts were used for health status. In the final analysis, health status was estimated based on AIDS diagnosis. Each of the three analyses included the same independent variables: race, gender, education, sexual orientation, income, insurance status, region of the country, receipt of case management, perceived health, and level of antiviral therapy. The three analyses suggested similar results. Specifically, that African Americans and women had better health status as compared to whites and men, respectively. Additionally, insurance, case management, and antiviral therapy were associated with poorer health status. Factors such as education, income, and region of the country yielded inconsistent results between models. To better understand the effect of the Ryan White CARE Act on health outcomes for people living with HIV/AIDS, future research should consider inclusion of a variable that more directly measures the CARE Act, such as payer source for medical care.
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Robinson, Miranda Dawn. "Do the homeless choose to remain homeless?" CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1997. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1366.
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Doyle, B. J. "Disability, discrimination and equal opportunities : a comparative study of legal models addressing the employment rights of disabled persons, with particular reference to Britain and the United States". Thesis, University of Salford, 1993. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/14834/.
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Against the background of growing demands in Britain for anti-discrimination legislation covering disabled persons, the study examines the case for reform, and the shape which such legislation might take, in the employment field. Using the socio-legal tradition, the meaning of disability is explored and the demography, nature and experience of disability is described. The evidence of employment discrimination against disabled persons is evaluated and their position in the labour market is plotted. Existing law on disabled employment rights in Britain is set out and its strengths and weaknesses weighed. The employment rights of disabled workers in the European Community, the United States, Canada and Australia are narrated. Then, using comparative legal methodology, a number of problems and issues in the regulation of disability-related employment discrimination (and the promotion of equal opportunities) are recounted and critically analysed. These problems and issues include the definition of disability discrimination, identification of the protected class, fitness for work and employment qualification, use of reasonable accommodation and positive action, preferential treatment and the role of quotas, and enforcement strategies and remedial action. The experience of the United States is recruited as the primary basis of comparison and lessons for suggested legal reforms in Britain are pointed out. Some general conclusions on the efficacy of disability discrimination laws are drawn. The study surveys a wide variety of primary and secondary legal materials, including legislation and case law, and reviews the pertinent literature drawn from legal scholarship and other relevant disciplines. It does so in the context of a theoretical perspective that borrows from the body of legal theory and concepts developed in race and gender discrimination law.
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Griggs, James Leonard. "Claims making in the case study of missing children: A case study". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1990. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/514.
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Warren-Peace, Paula R. "Models that predict competitive employment outcomes in the United States Federal/State Vocational Rehabilitation program for clients who are blind and clients with other disabilities". Diss., Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2009. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-04022009-110035.
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Winfree, Walter R. (Walter Russell) 1947. "The Role of Persons Other Than Professional Development Staff in the Solicitation of Major Gifts From Private Individuals for Senior Colleges and Universities". Thesis, University of North Texas, 1989. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc331300/.
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The purposes of this study were to determine and describe the roles of persons other than professional development staff in the solicitation of major gifts from private individuals for selected senior colleges and universities as perceived by senior development officers. The activities of four groups of nondevelopment staff, trustees, president/chancellor, private citizens, and nondevelopment staff/faculty, were examined through the four steps of the major gift solicitation process: identification and rating, cultivation, the in person solicitation, and the thank-you process following the gift. The population encompassed all accredited, degree granting four year colleges and universities in the United States which solicit major gifts from private individuals. The sample consisted of the 223 schools which had received one or more gifts of one million dollars or more from private individuals as reported in Giving USA. Philanthronin Digest, or The Chronicle of Higher Education, between January 1, 1985, and December 31, 1987. The research instrument was a mailed questionnaire which was sent to the Chief Development Officer of the 223 schools in the sample. Replies were received from 162 institutions, for a response rate of 72.7%. Examination of the results of this study indicated that the services of nondevelopment personnel were used in the major gift solicitation process at the vast majority of schools in the United States, that over half of the major gift dollars solicited were attributable to the efforts of these individuals, and that the president/chancel lor was the most important advocate for an institution's development program followed by the trustees, private citizens, and finally the nondevelopment staff/faculty. Further examination of the data revealed specific determinants which a senior development officer should, for different nondevelopment groups, weigh more or less heavily when deciding which individual(s) will have the greatest likelihood of being influential with major donor prospects.
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Larin, Lauren Marie. "Regulating Pavement Dwellers: the Politics of the Visibly Poor in Public Space". PDXScholar, 2017. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3471.
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Many researchers argue the increasing reliance on sit/lie ordinances to regulate homeless people's use of public space is one in a suite of neoliberal policies that shape the geographies of public space in cities to serve the needs of global capital. However, these policies are developed at the local, not global, level as specific actors make claims in the public sphere that communicatively shape policy formation. Through comparative case study, this research asks, how do different actors, situated in specific local and global contexts, influence the adoption of sit/lie ordinances?
I examine two cases of policymaking in Portland and San Francisco. I use discourse analytic strategies and thematic coding of newspapers, archival documents, and key informant interviews to look at policy-making processes as they occur in their political, social, and economic contexts. I focus especially on the role of language in policy-making, policy-making arenas, and actions of grassroots actors, drawing from three interdisciplinary literatures to develop an explanatory theory of policy-making.
I find the four interrelated explanatory factors in policy-making were: the actors (neoliberal and right-to-the-city); the tactics they use; the policy talk they use; and the policy arenas. First, political processes provide windows of opportunity and determine arenas for political activities. The different policy arenas (citizen election, committee, council led, litigation, etc.) influence the audience that the actors care about, and thus the policy talk. Additionally, elected officials have a determining effect on which arenas they use, which in turns structures the opportunities for policy talk.
Second, the arena influences the depth to which resisters can discuss the issues with the wider public and decision-makers. This may explain why the right-to-the-city frame may not have been used as much as the academic literature might suggest. Resisters find it much harder to use this framing with the general public or elected officials because it takes too much time to explain to those unfamiliar. Instead, they rely more on concepts that may be more familiar like the dependent poor and unequal impact of the law on minority groups.
Third, I find local actors have different positions in the global economy, however on the local level their different avenues and strategies of involvement are due to local conditions rather than global ones. The location in the global political economy seems to be less important than local political decision making contexts and the actions of individuals who are locally powerful due to their economic status and political connections. This suggests room for resisters to use local politics to resist these ordinances, without having to take on the entire global economy.
Finally, actors use different narratives to influence decision makers and each other, responding and shifting to competing frames over time. The change over time is important, as it shows how policy debates change based on influences from different actors. My findings suggest the framing of the original necessity for the policy can influence the policy trajectory, but actors can and do respond and successfully shift policy talks over time. The dissertation concludes with additional implications for grassroots practice based on these theoretical findings.
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Kilian, Clive Linton. "The status of the Al Qaeda and Taliban detainees at Guantanamo bay". Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/826.
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The United States of America has in its custody several hundred Taliban and Al Qaeda combatants who were captured after the September 11, 2001 attack and during the war in Afghanistan. These prisoners are incarcerated at the Guantanamo naval base in Cuba. The treatment given to these detainees has elicited widespread criticism, as well as unprecedented intellectual and legal debates regarding prisoners of war. In order to fully understand the position of the Guantanamo Bay detainees, one has to be aware of the origins of the prisoner-of-war phenomenon. From biblical times, through the countless conflicts that were waged across the globe through the ages, the concept of “prisoner of war” gradually evolved. Growing concern for the plight of prisoners of war was paralleled by the development of the laws of war, which sought to regulate the conduct of combatants during an armed conflict. The laws of war that have bearing on modern day States are those documented in the Geneva Conventions. The Geneva Conventions regulate armed conflicts and set out the requirements for prisoners of war, as well as their trial rights. The United States, in declaring the Guantanamo Bay detainees “unlawful combatants” or “illegal enemy combatants”, terms which are undefined in International Law, have sought to evade the prescripts of the Geneva Conventions. In direct contravention of the Geneva Conventions, the Guantanamo Bay detainees are denied the right to humane treatment, a fair trial and due process of the law. Prior to Hamdan vs Rumsfeld, the United States’ position was challenged with very little success. The Supreme Court, in Hamdan vs Rumsfeld, directed the president to accord the detainees the protections of the Third Geneva Convention. The relief brought by this decision was very short lived. In September 2006 the United States Congress passed the Military Commissions Act of 2006. This Bill gives the president of the United States unfettered power in dealing with anyone suspected of being a threat to the State, as well as the authorisation to interpret and apply the Geneva Conventions according to his sole discretion.
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Halleck, Jeannemarie. "E Pluribus Unum? Liberalism and the Search for Civility in America". UNF Digital Commons, 2014. https://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/491.
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This paper explores issues of civility in liberal democracy, and in particular, how civility and civic engagement must be regenerated in order to forward the democratic ideals of equal rights, citizen equality and collective self-government in a meaningful way. Liberal democracy presupposes a level of civility in order to uphold standards of individual liberty and freedom, however as a theory it fails to compel citizens to support levels of mutual respect.
An etymological exploration of the term civility introduces the work of puritan theologian Roger Williams, whose early writings on individual liberty as well as the role of civility and civic engagement can inform popular conversations about civility in modern democracy. This leads to an analysis of Rawlsian liberalism, where Rawls seeks to construct a robust civil society by tying individual duty of civility to an idealization of citizenship.
Final analysis explores the possibility of a modern civil liberalism, as influenced by Roger Williams. A liberal civil realm must recognize the mutual reliance between individual freedom and a collective common good; this will compel citizens to choose to preserve the freedom of all citizens through civil engagement and dialogue. This ideal shares important intersections with Jürgen Habermas’ theory of deliberative democracy, but Williams’ replaces Habermas’ notion of higher-level intersubjectivity with an appeal to individual freedom of conscience. By doing so, the preservation of individual freedom of conscience requires citizen-commitment to an active and engaged civil sphere, making the ideal of civility richer than that of Habermas’ theory. Replacing the duty of civility with a commitment to the preservation and protection of individual liberty through civil dialogue is the best way to rescue modern liberal democracy from its current state of incivility, which threatens the liberty and freedom of citizens and undermines the collective common good.
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Vives, Leslie Blake. "Harvesting the Seeds of Early American Human and Nonhuman Animal Relationships in William Bartram's Travels, The Travel Diary of Elizabeth House Trist, and Sarah Trimmer's Fabulous Histories". Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2012. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5555.
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This thesis uses ecofeminist and human-animal studies lenses to explore human animal and nonhuman animal relations in early America. Most ecocritical studies of American literature begin with nineteenth-century writers. This project, however, suggests that drawing on ecofeminist theories with a human-animal studies approach sheds light on eighteenth-century texts as well. Early American naturalist travel writing offers a site replete with human and nonhuman encounters. Specifically, naturalist William Bartram's travel journal features interactions with animals in the southern colonial American frontier. Amateur naturalist Elizabeth House Trist's travel diary includes interactions with frontier and domestic animals. Sarah Trimmer's Fabulous Histories, a conduct manual that taught children acceptable behavior towards animals, provides insight about the social regulation of human and nonhuman relationships during the late eighteenth century, when Bartram and Trist wrote their texts. This thesis identifies and analyzes textual sites that blur the human subject/and animal object distinction and raise questions about the representation of animals as objects. This project focuses on the subtle discursive subversions of early Euroamerican naturalist science present in Bartram's Travels (1791) and the blurring of human/animal boundaries in Trist's Travel Diary (1783-84); Trimmer's Fabulous Histories (1794) further complicates the Euroamerican discourse of animals as curiosities. These texts form part of a larger but overlooked discourse in early British America that anticipated more well-known and nonhuman-centric texts in the burgeoning early nineteenth-century American animal rights movement. ?ID: 031001304; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Adviser: Lisa M. Logan.; Title from PDF title page (viewed March 15, 2013).; Thesis (M.A.)--University of Central Florida, 2012.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 76-82).
M.A.
Masters
English
Arts and Humanities
English; Literary, Cultural, and Textual Studies
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Hron, Martha. "Bus accessibility for persons with sensory disabilities". Thesis, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/36237.
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With the passage of the American with Disabilities Act (ADA) it has become a civil
rights violation to deny access to persons with disabilities to public transportation. The
ADA requires transit agencies to provide accessible buses or equivalent services to
persons with mobility, sensory or cognitive impairments. This study examines issues
concerning persons with sensory and cognitive impairments, and their access to fixed
route transit services.
The goal of this report is: to specify operating guidelines, suggest technological
changes, offer operating policy and training programs modifications that solve problems
of transit access for persons with sensory and cognitive impairments. To determine
where the access problems exist in fixed route transit systems, an examination was
undertaken of existing technologies and programs that are in use by transit agencies in
North America.
Upon review of the available literature it was noted that there were available
technologies and policies for persons with visual and hearing impairments, however,
little appeared to be available for persons with cognitive impairments. To fill in this
knowledge gap, surveys and interviews were conducted with persons with cognitive and
other impairments, persons who trained persons with sensory and cognitive
impairments, and persons who provide transportation services.
A major conclusion of this study is that for persons with cognitive impairments,
technological solutions are not the answer to increase bus accessibility. Personal
interaction is needed to solve each individual circumstance with the transit user.
Training for transit personnel is needed so personnel become aware and more sensitive
to the needs of all transit users. Training for the transit user is necessary so use of the
transit system is accomplished with grace, speed, efficiency and dignity. Training for
the trainers of persons with disabilities is necessary so transit travelers will be
informed of all the available services the transit agencies are offering. Another
conclusion is visual signage must be standardized to be effective. This includes
location, lighting, contrast, and content.Graduation date: 1993
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Moodley, Rene Puzzo. "The influence of US hegemony on the South African anti-trafficking in persons movement". Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/21860.
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A dissertation presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Masters of Arts Degree in Political Studies, Faculty of the Humanities at the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2016The contemporary movement to end human trafficking rose to prominence in the early to mid 1990s. Following the fall of the Soviet Union, the US found itself in need of new tools to extend its global reach. This report argues that the modern day movement to abolish human trafficking is one of the new tools used to advance US hegemony. South Africa provides a unique context for the study of how US hegemony has been employed through this movement. The rise of this movement coincided with the rise of democracy in the rainbow nation. Under Apartheid, US policy toward South Africa was linked with the fight against communism. The US would channel money to black liberation movements in order to shape their views in a pro-western direction. South Africa was considered important to US economic interests and prosperity. With the communist enemy gone, the US has employed new tools to influence ideology, policy and legislation. Through studying the Anti-Trafficking in Persons (TIP) movement in the South African context, this report analyzes how the movement is a tool of hegemony. Tactics used to gain public consent and legitimize the cause are uncovered, as are coercive measures used to stronghold the South African government to comply with the US.
MT2017
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Jung, Youngoh 1975. "Individual characteristics and vocational rehabilitation services as predictors of employment for state/federal vocational rehabilitation consumers with HIV/AIDS". 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/17870.
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With greater advancement in medical treatments for individuals with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), a growing numbers of individuals living with HIV/AIDS are contemplating returning to the workplace. However, they have been faced with barriers to employment and have demonstrated a need for vocational rehabilitation (VR) services. The purpose of this study was to identify predictors of employment outcomes of individuals living with HIV/AIDS, who used the state/federal VR program services, using the Rehabilitation Services Administration (RSA-911) data file from Fiscal Year 2006. Data analyses were conducted using descriptive statistics, bivariate analyses (chi-square analyses, independent t-tests, and ANOVAs), and binary logistic regression using cross validation. Results of the study indicated that of socio-demographic, health, and VR service variables, service variables were only found to be significantly related to employment outcomes. Job search assistance, job placement assistance, and on the job support were found to be significant predictors of successful employment outcomes at closure. In addition, higher costs of purchased services increased the likelihood of being employed at closure. However, the longer the length of VR program participation was, the lower the likelihood of being employed at closure was. Among participants with successful employment outcomes at closure, differences were significant between participants earning less than $200.00 per week and participants earning equal to or higher than $500.00 per week. Participants with less than $200.00 of weekly earnings were more likely to be African Americans, to have lower education levels than an associate degree at closure, to have service occupations or clerical and sales occupations, and to receive SSI, SSDI, Medicaid, and Medicare. On the other hand, participants with equal to or more than $500.00 weekly earnings were more likely to be White, to have higher education levels than an associate degree, and to have professional and managerial occupations and were less likely to receive SSI, SSDI, Medicaid, and Medicare. In addition, they were more likely to receive assessment, VR counseling and guidance, college or university training, job search assistance, transportation, maintenance, and information and referral services compared to those with less than $200.00 weekly earnings. Implications for practice and suggestions for future research are discussed.text
36
Simard, Edgar P. "Cancer incidence and cancer-attributable mortality among persons with AIDS in the United States 1980-2006 /". 2010. http://hdl.rutgers.edu/1782.2/rucore10001600001.ETD.000052152.
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Oppenheimer, Marian Ehrich 1969. "The effects of gender, ethnicity and socio-economic status on coping with HIV". 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/18199.
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The study examined the correlations between gender, ethnicity, socio-economic status, self-reported mode of exposure to HIV, the types of coping strategies utilized, social support, perceived stress, preventive resources, depression, and disease progression among 79 HIV+ patients, eleven of which were Spanish speaking, seen at a federally and city funded HIV/AIDS clinic. The first aim was to demonstrate that there is a linear relationship between gender, ethnicity, the manner in which one copes with the HIV infection (utilizing problem-focused strategies versus emotion-focused strategies), and the progression of HIV as measured by each participant’s CD4 count. The second aim of the study was to show that the higher the frequency of seeking medical support at the HIV/AIDS clinic, the lower the rate of HIV progression as measured by the CD4 count. The third aim of the study was to demonstrate that there is a significant difference in the types of coping strategies utilized by differing ethnicities to combat the stress related to HIV. Findings indicated that among the 78 participants who completed the surveys, housing status (homeless versus having a home), intravenous drug use (IVDU), Escape-Avoidance behavior, Positive Reappraisal, the perception of having familial support, and the perception of mastery were all significantly correlated with the difference in the CD4 count initially obtained at the time of the interview and the CD4 count that was obtained again 3 through 15 months later. Of the 17 of the total 78 participants who did not return to the clinic consistently, housing status was found to be significantly correlated with the difference in the CD4 count initially obtained at the time of the interview and the CD4 count that was obtained again 3 through 8 months later. Of the 61 of the 78 participants who did return to the clinic consistently, IVDU, the perception of family as supportive, the perception of having sources of comfort, the perception of the ability to scan the environment as a resource, the perception that one recognizes the opportunity to prevent stress, perceived control, the perception that one has control, the perception that one has efficacy, the perception that one can master tasks, and the perception that one can maintain self-direction were all significantly correlated with the difference in the CD4 count initially obtained at the time of the interview and the CD4 count that was obtained again 9 through 15 months later. Therefore, there was a significant difference between those patients who returned for consistent medical treatment at the clinic versus those who attended the clinic infrequently. The issues pertaining to the adherence of medical treatment as well as attempts to buffer the positive coping strategies that facilitate adherence are of critical importance to current prevention measures. In addition, it was found that there were significant differences in the manner in which differing ethnicities coped with the stressors related to HIV. The study revealed that among the 25 black men and women, coping by accepting responsibility, and coping by positively reappraising situations were predictive of ethnicity. Among the 21 Hispanic men and women and the 31 white men and women who participated in the study, none of the coping strategies were predictive of ethnicity. The identification of the differential manners in which each ethnicity copes with the stressors related to HIV has the potential to bolster both HIV treatment and prevention efforts. Further research needs to be conducted in order to further explore these important issues.text
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Fortin, Anne. "Le rapport Displaced Persons and Their Resettlement in the United States et le début des politiques d’accueil aux États-Unis". Thèse, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/9824.
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RÉSUMÉ :
Avec le dénouement de la Deuxième Guerre mondiale, le problème des réfugiés en Europe devient un enjeu international. Plusieurs millions de personnes, que l’on nomme les Displaced Persons (DP), sont sans refuge et doivent recevoir une aide immédiate pour survivre. Même si la majorité de ces gens retourneront dans leurs pays d’origine, il reste encore des centaines de milliers de réfugiés en 1948. La seule solution concrète pour régler cette problématique est l’émigration des réfugiés dans des pays prêts à les accepter. Les Américains jouent un rôle crucial en acceptant 415 000 DP entre 1948 et 1952 grâce au Displaced Persons Act de 1948 et ses amendements en 1950 et 1951.
Après d’âpres discussions entre les restrictionnistes et ceux qui défendent la libéralisation des lois d’immigration, naîtra le Displaced Persons Act (DP Act) signé avec beaucoup de réticence, le 25 juin 1948, par le président Harry S. Truman. Cette loi qui prévoit la venue de 202 000 DP en deux ans, contient des mesures jugées discriminatoires à l'endroit de certaines ethnies. Afin d'améliorer le DP Act, le Congrès effectue des recherches sur la situation des réfugiés toujours dans les camps en 1949 tout en étudiant l’impact de la venue des DP aux États-Unis entre 1948 et 1950. Cette étude est soumise sous forme de rapport, le Displaced Persons and Their Resettlement in the United States, le 20 janvier 1950. Ce mémoire propose une analyse minutieuse du rapport et de son contexte politique afin de démontrer le rôle important de cette étude dans le processus décisionnel du Congrès américain visant à accueillir un plus grand nombre de DP tout en posant les bases pour une politique d’accueil en matière de refugiés.ABSTRACT : With the ending of the Second World War, the refugee problem became an international issue. Several million people, which are called the Displaced Persons (DPs), are without shelter and should receive immediate help to survive. Although the majority of DPs will return to their home country, there are still hundreds of thousands of refugees in 1948. The only practical solution to solve this problem is the migration of refugees out of Europe. The Americans have played a crucial role by agreeing to receive 415,000 DP between 1948 and 1952 through the Displaced Persons Act (DP Act) of 1948 and its amendments in 1950 and 1951. After heated discussions between the restrictionnists and those who advocate the liberalization of immigration laws, the Displaced Persons Act was voted with great reluctance and signed, June 25, 1948, by President Harry S. Truman. This law provides for the arrival of 202,000 DPs in two years, but it contains measures deemed discriminatory to certain ethnic groups. In order to improve the DP Act, Congress conducted research on the situation of refugees still in camps in 1949 while studying the impact of the DPs arrival in the United States from 1948 to 1950. This study was submitted as a report, the Displaced Persons and Their Resettlement in the United States, January 20th, 1950. This thesis proposes a thorough analysis of this report to demonstrate how the study helped the decision-making process of the U.S. Congress that led to the acceptance of a larger number of DP’s while also laying the basis for a settlement policy with regard to refugees.
39
Maimela, Charles. "Legal issues relating to the treatment of persons living with cancer". Thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/24490.
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Cancer is regarded as a global disease and one of the leading killer diseases in the
world. The reason why cancer is so widespread and often misunderstood stems from
multiple factors, namely, the lack of knowledge about cancer, unfair discrimination of
persons living with cancer, inadequate or inappropriate treatment provided to patients,
the stigma attached to cancer, misdiagnosis and late diagnosis of persons living with
cancer, as well as the inadequate provision of screening programs to detect cancer at
an early stage.
The combination of these issues raises alarming medico-legal problems that merit
further attention. The thesis will explore the origin, nature, philosophical and clinical
aspects pertaining to cancer, as well as legal issues related to cancer and oncology.
The study will conclude with recommendations aimed at mitigating and addressing the
shortcomings that exist in the medico-legal framework. The study will also draw on a
legal comparison of relevant South African, English and American laws and
regulations. Since this thesis entails focussing on medico-legal principles, the study
will draw on aspects of medical law, labour law, law of contract, law of delict,
constitutional law and criminal law.Private Law
LL. D.
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Hill, Roland Bryant. "Missing in America : homelessness during the Reagan revolution". 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/10534.
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Chuan, Chen Shu y 陳淑娟. "The Comparative Study of Public Library Services for Physically Handicapped Persons in the Republic of China and the United States of America". Thesis, 1994. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/23377584190477962843.
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Fasulo, Micheal. "American Suppliers: The Role of Americans in the Perpetuation and Maintenance of the Postwar Black Market in Germany". Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2011-12-10593.
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Americans are curiously absent from the literature as forces in the black market prevailing in Germany after World War II. Aside from Rundell's study of failed currency control policy during the Second World War and the subsequent occupations of Germany and Japan, historians have failed to accord the American presence on the black market its proper status. They receive mention in narrative fashion, authors noting that Americans could make money on the black market, or relating a story about what a soldier bought or sold there. Then, like bit players in a movie, Americans recede from view, and Germans and displaced persons resume their places in the lead.
This thesis has two objectives. Through support from the archival record, first, it demonstrates that Americans did in fact execute a specific function with respect to the maintenance and perpetuation of the black market - they were the market's suppliers. Second, by positing this role, this thesis attempts to correct a view of the black market as an essentially German experience, populated in the main by Germans and displaced persons. In so doing, I posit a schema of American illicit supply to Germans and displaced persons. This thesis argues that Americans operated as suppliers of illicit goods to the indigenous population. This supply occurred in three ways: Americans selling on the black market; misappropriation of materiel (usually food); and theft of goods from American installations. Furthermore, each type of supply was predicated upon the fulfillment of a certain condition. Americans sold on the black market when they were certain they could make a profit. Americans misappropriated US government property (usually food) as a consequence of a relationship with a German or displaced person; in practice, because those with access to American goods were young men, the relationships were only with women, and always included some gradation of intimacy. Germans and displaced persons committed larceny from American installations to procure goods for the black market, which insured handsome profits.
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Manawalia, Mehek. "The practice of extraordinary rendition : increasing accountability and oversight". Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/2847.
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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)Since the 9/11 terrorist attacks, the United States has transferred close to a hundred individuals suspected of terrorism to foreign jurisdictions through a process known as extraordinary rendition. This is an infamous program that allows for the transfer of individuals to a foreign jurisdiction for interrogation, detention, or trial. While the use of extraordinary rendition attracts widespread controversy regarding its use and legality, it remains a vital tool for combating international terrorism. Evidence in this thesis lends support to extraordinary rendition program, but recognizes that while the program strengthens the country’s ability to gather vital intelligence to combat terrorism, there are methods to improve the program. The extraordinary rendition program requires an assessment of the totality of circumstances before a extraordinary rendition is permitted; reliance on diplomatic assurances from countries that hold a good human rights record; and subsequent monitoring of individuals rendered to foreign states to ensure that transfers comply with U.S. and international law. Evidence suggests that extraordinary rendition aids in the ability to gather sensitive intelligence and serves as a gathering tool used by American presidents to preserve freedom and peace; however, in the eyes of critics, this program represents a perversely autonomous and un-American legal maneuver that avoids due process. This thesis seeks to discuss common misconceptions associated with the extraordinary rendition program and identify the major points of controversy. The first part explores the history of the extraordinary rendition program and provides an understanding of its roots and procedures. The second part, discusses the executive branch’s attempts to conduct extraordinary renditions morally and responsibly, and examines the legal oversight and accountability gaps surrounding the program. Part three identifies the line of authority empowering the President to conduct extraordinary renditions. It also outlines the struggle of the legislative, judicial and executive branches to strengthen the extraordinary rendition program’s compliance with the rule of law by increasing oversight and accountability. Finally, Part four discusses the future of the extraordinary rendition program. The discussion presents possible solutions to correct oversight and accountability problems and suggests a multi-faceted approach that raises the bar for extraordinary renditions, thereby closing the oversight and accountability gaps.
44
Price, Shelia S. "The Americans with Disabilities Act considerations for dental admissions and accommodations /". 1996. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/48072964.html.
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Liu, Huayin. "A comparative study of section 504 of the United States' Rehabilitation Act of 1973 and the Law of the People's Republic of China on the protection of disabled persons". 2005. http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga%5Fetd/liu%5Fhuayin%5Fn%5F200512%5Fedd.
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Karim. "Leaving the bridge, passing the shelters : understanding homeless activism through the utilization of spaces within the Central Public Library and the IUPUI Library in Indianapolis". Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/5928.
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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)By definition, homelessness refers to general understanding of people without a home or a roof over their heads. As consequences of a number of factors, homelessness has become a serious problem especially in cities throughout the United States. Homeless people are usually most visible on the streets and in settings like shelters due to the fact that their presences and activities in public spaces are considered illegal or at least “unwanted” by city officials and by members of the public. In response to this issue, activists throughout the country have worked tiresly on behalf of homeless people to demand policy changes, an effort that resulted in the passage of the homeless bill of rights in three states, namely Connecticut, Rhode Island, and Illinois. As I discovered through my fieldwork, in Indiana, the homeless, themselves, are currently lobbying for passage of a similar measure. Locating my fieldwork on homelessness in Indianapolis in two sites, the Indianapolis Marion County Public Library (the Central Library) and the IUPUI Library, I examine the use of library buildings as alternative temporary shelters and spaces where the homeless can organize for political change. As an Indonesian ethnographer, I utilized an ethnographic approach, which helped me to reveal “Western values” and “American culture” as they play out in the context of homelessness. In this thesis, I show that there is a multi-sited configuration made up of issues, agents, institutions, and policy processes that converge in the context of the use of library buildings by the homeless. Finally, I conclude that public libraries and university libraries as well can play a more important role beyond their original functions by undertaking tangible actions, efforts, engagements, and interventions to act as allies to the homeless, who are among their most steadfast constituencies. By utilizing public university library facilities, the homeless are also finding their voices to call for justice, for better treatment, and for policies that can help ameliorate the hardship and disadvantages of homelessness.
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Otey, Tamara Dochelle. "The perception of African American faith-based organizations regarding African Americans with HIV". Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/6592.
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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)Shelby County has the fastest growing rate of HIV infection in the State of Tennessee and the majority of the people with HIV/AIDS are African Americans. 2011 CDC report stated Memphis had the fifth highest proportion of new HIV infections. The African American church is a natural and potentially powerful venue to facilitate health awareness. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the views of African American faith-based leaders (FBLs) toward offering HIV prevention services in faith-based organizations (FBOs). The theoretical framework for this study was the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). The fourth domain of CFIR, characteristics of the individuals, is concerned with organizational change which occurs on the individual level. CFIR provided a means to ensure effective implementations, data coding and analysis. Interpretative Descriptive (ID) design, which seeks to discover associations, relationships, and patterns within the described phenomenon, was used. The targeted population was African American Faith-based Leaders from areas known to have high rates of HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Purposeful sampling was employed to recruit participants. Data was generated through face-to-face, semi-structured interviews. The researchers categorized and analyzed the data to form the concepts and themes identified using a coding scheme which was applied to all data. Faith-based leaders revealed that they had a role in HIV prevention. The themes that emerged were their role to provide education on HIV, minister with compassion, teach Biblical doctrine, maintain a community focus, and partner with expert healthcare professionals. Perceived barrier concepts identified were lack of knowledge, denial, stigma, fear, keeping issues private, and the breakdown of family and community values. Findings suggest that FBLs had some knowledge of the health disparities and ongoing stigma concerning HIV remains a major barrier. The participants interviewed were open to HIV preventions on different levels to address HIV but needed more education.
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Collins, Brian Todd II. "A test of the expanded AIDS risk reduction model managing risk to me, risk to you and risk to us". Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/9866.
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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)Currently, 1.2 million people in the United States are living with HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) infection, while one in eight are unaware of their infection status. The purpose of this study was to test the ability of the expanded ARRM to see if the model contributed something to the research of why people protect themselves from HIV. To add to the research regarding motivating factors of HIV protection, we decided to add two concepts to the ARRM; partner protection and relationship preservation. Findings of the study suggest HIV-positive partners are motivated to using condoms to protect their partners especially when they believe their partners are at risk for contracting HIV. Relationship preservation results illustrated that when people fear of losing their relationship they are willing to do whatever it takes to keep the relationship going, even at the cost of contracting HIV. By extending the ARRM, as well as incorporating HIV status, we now can begin understanding the many motivating factors towards why people are and are not using condoms to protect themselves or their partner.
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Ndethiu, Maureen K. "Environmental justice in Kenya : a critical analysis". Diss., 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/24460.
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Environmental justice, a new but rapidly developing concept in international environmental law, arose in the United States of America during the Environmental Justice Movement of the late 1970s and 1980s. It starkly highlighted injustices faced by people of colour and low-income communities as regards racially skewed environmental legal protection and allocation of environmental risks. The movement radically changed the meaning of ‘environment’ from its conventional green overtones to include issues of social justice at the core of environmental thinking. I critically examine the concept of environmental justice in the Kenyan context by highlighting the injustices, and the formulation and application of laws and policies that significantly impact on environmental regulation and equitable distribution of social services.Private Law
LL. M.
50
Jannard, Louis-Philippe. "Entre vulnérabilisation et revictimisation : les victimes de traite d'êtres humains face aux politiques nord-américaines". Thèse, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/4488.
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En Amérique du Nord, la lutte contre la traite d'êtres humains s'avère d'une grande complexité. Les États doivent développer les stratégies nécessaires pour faire face aux multiples manifestations qui accompagnent le phénomène et exigent une approche holistique, interdisciplinaire et à long terme.
Les stratégies nord-américaines de prévention de la traite comportent plusieurs lacunes qui vulnérabilisent certains groupes. Tandis que les mesures déjà en place s'attaquent peu aux causes premières du phénomène, plusieurs réformes essentielles afin de diminuer la vulnérabilité de ces personnes, notamment l'assouplissement des politiques migratoires restrictives, tardent à être implantées.
Parallèlement, les stratégies de protection présentent des lacunes qui augmentent les risques de revictimisation des victimes de traite d'êtres humains. D'une part, les autorités n'identifient pas adéquatement toutes les victimes. D'autre part, certaines victimes, bien qu'identifiées, se retrouvent sans protection, soit parce que celle-ci est accordée de façon conditionnelle, soit parce que les mécanismes d'assistance demeurent incomplets.In North America, the fight against human trafficking is of the utmost complexity. In order to tackle the numerous aspects surrounding this phenomenon, States must develop strategies using a holistic, interdisciplinary and long term approach. North American trafficking prevention strategies comprise many deficiencies which cause certain groups of individuals to be more vulnerable. While the measures already in place fail to target the root causes of the phenomenon, many reforms essential to the diminution of those persons ' vulnerability, namely the alleviation of restrictive migration policies, have yet to take place. Similarly, deficiencies existing in protection strategies increase the risks of revictimisation of human trafficking victims. On the one hand, state authorities fail to adequately identify all the victims. On the other hand, some victims, although identified as such, remain without protection, either because it is granted on a conditional basis or because support mechanisms remain insufficient.