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Custis, Tyler, Meghan Hoben y Payton Larsen. "Big money, corruption, and black markets". Sport, Business and Management: An International Journal 9, n.º 4 (9 de septiembre de 2019): 399–415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sbm-09-2018-0070.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore why the stagnant version of amateurism that is being used by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and its member institutions to limit student–athlete compensation is creating labor law and antitrust violations, and ultimately contributing to a black market in college athletics. Design/methodology/approach The qualitative portion of the examination uses a review of historic and recent cases regarding labor law and antitrust violations and applies them to the college athletic industry. Furthermore, the quantitative portion creates a scaled revenue sharing calculation utilizing financial reports from university athletic departments and corresponding professional revenue-sharing agreements to discern an approximate value of a student–athlete’s participation. Findings The authors find that the current structure of the NCAA and regulatory framework perpetuate injustice for those who lack a voice in the system. Furthermore, the research shows a wage disparity of millions of dollars creating a lack of free market and black-market tensions to reach free market equilibrium. Social implications This research creates reasoning to restructure the NCAA system to adjust for modern commercialization and profits of the industry. Originality/value This paper highlights the legal and regulatory abuses by the NCAA, and demonstrates how the compensation gap created by these legal violations is creating a strain on free market flow ultimately leading to a black-market effect in the industry.
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Du, Yuechao y Zhongming Wang. "How Does Emotional Labor Influence Voice Behavior? The Roles of Work Engagement and Perceived Organizational Support". Sustainability 13, n.º 19 (22 de septiembre de 2021): 10524. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131910524.
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Promoting employee voice behavior is important for the sustainable development of organizations. Drawing on conservation of resources theory, the study examined the association between emotional labor and employee voice behavior and the mediation of work engagement in this relationship. Surveys were collected at two time points, four weeks apart, from 629 employees in the service industry in China. The results show that surface acting is negatively related to work engagement and that deep acting is positively related to work engagement. Employees’ work engagement is positively associated with voice behavior. Hence, work engagement appears to be a mediating variable that translates the emotional labor into voice behavior. Moreover, perceived organizational support moderates the relationship between emotional labor and voice behavior. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.
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Newton, Peter M. "Free association and the division of labor in psychoanalytic treatment." Psychoanalytic Psychology 6, n.º 1 (1989): 31–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0736-9735.6.1.31.
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Rettig, Tobias. "From Subaltern to Free Worker". Journal of Vietnamese Studies 7, n.º 3 (2012): 7–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/vs.2012.7.3.7.
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In the second half of 1944, the majority of the roughly fourteen thousand Vietnamese workers who had arrived in France four years earlier, but remained stranded there following France's defeat in June 1940, took advantage of the power vacuum created by the liberation of France. They would launch a diasporic-metropolitan precursor of the Vietnamese August Revolution of 1945 by successfully claiming workers' rights and a sense of dignity they had previously been denied. Loosely adopting Hirschman's concepts of “exit, voice, and loyalty,” this essay investigates the strategies chosen by this subaltern imperial workforce to emancipate itself from the militarized labor camp system. It argues that different interests led the largely illiterate workers and the French-speaking supervisors and interpreters to opt for different strategies.
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Schwartz, Jessica. "Self-determination, disability aesthetics and (refusals of) voice in the US‐RMI Compact of Free Association". Journal of Interdisciplinary Voice Studies 4, n.º 2 (1 de octubre de 2019): 191–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jivs_00005_1.
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Abstract This article uses the framework of disability and voice to consider the consequences of nuclear weapons testing in the Marshall Islands among the Marshallese diaspora. The valorization of the voice as it signals the agentive individual is a modern phenomenon that denigrates the breadth of human and nonhuman movements through which Marshallese matrilineal agency is understood. I argue that Marshallese songs thus offer a testament to the myth of contemporary liberalism through vocalizations that resound the complex constellation of physical, mental and emotional ailments imposed upon the Marshallese (e.g., thyroid, sickness, 'denigrated intellect', etc.).
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Li, Yongkang. "Association between China’s digital economy and labor education in post-pandemic of COVID-19 based on neural network". Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems 39, n.º 6 (4 de diciembre de 2020): 8839–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jifs-189281.
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In post COVID-19 era, labor education plays an indispensable part in China’s digital economy, while the digital economy will redefine the labor education at the same time. From the Marxist theory, latest data and survey results, we portray the logic relationships, mutual impacts between digital economy and labor education. Our research indicates that free development of all human beings is the common value shared by the digital economy and labor education. Labor education can cultivate the abilities of competition and cooperation, form the proper digital economy values meanwhile, which is essential to hedge the negative impacts of digital economy on labor and employment. Labor education comprehensively promotes the digital labor abilities of all laborers in the path with Chinese characteristics. The boom in digital economy and the refocusing on labor education will enable China to cope with the rising risks and challenges in a more diversified and flexible way among this highly uncertain world.
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Yapp, Hentyle. "To Free Speech from Free Speech". Journal of Literary & Cultural Disability Studies: Volume 15, Issue 2 15, n.º 2 (1 de mayo de 2021): 169–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/jlcds.2021.13.
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Liberalism glorifies free speech as the primary means to achieve progress. Free speech is presumed to involve a clear association across awareness, individual voice, collective speaking, and increased representation. Michel Foucault located a genealogy of related practices of speaking truth in the Stoic tradition of parrhesia. However, as he established, liberalism limits speech, as centrism and civility flatten all forms of speech as equivalent whereby all sides come to matter. As demonstrated today, the alt-right and radical left are seen as equally illiberal and asking for too much. Speech, specifically under liberalism, loses its import. The article asks what happens when we free the concept of speech from free speech and the liberal tradition. To explore this, the article turns to disability, particularly deafness, to grapple with other formulations of speech. It examines Taiwanese director Hou Hsiao-Hsien’s classic film A City of Sadness (1989) and focuses on its representations of deafness and its disability aesthetics. Hou’s aesthetics and use of media objects establish a political critique that does not rely on truth, repair, or recognition. This film develops a Marxist theory of speech and reconsiders speech through other modes of governance like autocracy. Ultimately, the article explores how different governance structures rework not only speech but also notions of political change.
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Verzuh, Ron. "A Crusading Voice for the Mining West". Labour / Le Travail 92 (10 de noviembre de 2023): 229–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.52975/llt.2023v92.009.
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The Rossland Evening World, a four-page daily dedicated to the mineworkers of British Columbia’s bustling West Kootenay mining town of Rossland, first appeared on May Day 1901 – just in time to do battle with local mine owners in the historic 1900–01 miners’ strike. The World may have owed its existence in part to William “Big Bill” Haywood, a founder of the militant Western Federation of Miners (wfm) and the Industrial Workers of the World. On visiting the town and the prospectors’ camp in the 1890s, Haywood saw that Rossland would soon grow into a thriving Pacific Northwest mountain community with a steady increase in wfm membership. He encouraged the miners to form wfm Local 38, possibly the first wfm local in Canada, and soon a dozen Kootenay locals formed wfm District Association 6. A wfm grant followed to help launch the local and the new daily. Amid growing frustration with bad working conditions and mine owners’ refusal to recognize the wfm, the World became a welcome sister to the wfm’s Miners’ Magazine, dedicating itself to “the Interests of Organized Labor.” By the fall of 1900, the strike of 1,400 miners was on, and the World published news and analysis throughout the region. Ultimately the strike was lost, but the World carried on until 1904. As its legacy, it showed how a daily newspaper could help build community support and provide a defence for the local unionized workforce.
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Livingston, Amy. "Employee Free Choice: Amplifying Employee Voice without Silencing Employers - A Proposal for Reforming the National Labor Relations Act". University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform, n.º 45.1 (2011): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.36646/mjlr.45.1.employee.
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This Note investigates the effectiveness of the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) in balancing unions, employers', and employees' rights during the course of union organizing drives. After reviewing case law and commentary, it concludes that the NLRA's certification regime is ineffective and permits pressures that inhibit employees from expressing their real desires about whether or not to be represented by a union. This Note then examines proposed alternatives for certifying unions, and takes note of Canada's federal and ten provincial certification regimes. Finally, it concludes that the NLRA must be amended to protect worker free choice, and proposes reforms including limiting unions to a public sixty-day organizing campaign, designing a uniform authorization card to be submitted with a fee by employees desiring union representation, and establishing a verification process for these cards.
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Davies, Shelagh. "A Brief Overview of the WPATH Companion Document on Voice and Communication". Perspectives on Voice and Voice Disorders 25, n.º 2 (julio de 2015): 66–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/vvd25.2.66.
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Transgender voice and communication is an emerging area of practice within the scope of speech-language pathology. The evidence that informs this practice is still sparse, but is rapidly expanding. To support clinicians, the Voice and Communication Standing Committee of the World Professional Association for Transgender Health (WPATH) has recently prepared a document that summarizes the evidence-based literature up to 2013 and offers suggestions to guide clinical practice. This paper is a brief outline of that document, which will be available in an upcoming issue of the International Journal of Transgenderism and also, free of charge, on the WPATH website at http://www.wpath.org .
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Lin, Honghuang, Cody Karjadi, Ting F. A. Ang, Joshi Prajakta, Chelsea McManus, Tuka W. Alhanai, James Glass y Rhoda Au. "Identification of digital voice biomarkers for cognitive health". Exploration of Medicine 1, n.º 6 (31 de diciembre de 2020): 406–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.37349/emed.2020.00028.
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Aim: Human voice contains rich information. Few longitudinal studies have been conducted to investigate the potential of voice to monitor cognitive health. The objective of this study is to identify voice biomarkers that are predictive of future dementia. Methods: Participants were recruited from the Framingham Heart Study. The vocal responses to neuropsychological tests were recorded, which were then diarized to identify participant voice segments. Acoustic features were extracted with the OpenSMILE toolkit (v2.1). The association of each acoustic feature with incident dementia was assessed by Cox proportional hazards models. Results: Our study included 6, 528 voice recordings from 4, 849 participants (mean age 63 ± 15 years old, 54.6% women). The majority of participants (71.2%) had one voice recording, 23.9% had two voice recordings, and the remaining participants (4.9%) had three or more voice recordings. Although all asymptomatic at the time of examination, participants who developed dementia tended to have shorter segments than those who were dementia free (P< 0.001). Additionally, 14 acoustic features were significantly associated with dementia after adjusting for multiple testing (P< 0.05/48 = 1 × 10–3). The most significant acoustic feature was jitterDDP_sma_de (P = 7.9 × 10–7), which represents the differential frame-to-frame Jitter. A voice based linear classifier was also built that was capable of predicting incident dementia with area under curve of 0.812. Conclusions: Multiple acoustic and linguistic features are identified that are associated with incident dementia among asymptomatic participants, which could be used to build better prediction models for passive cognitive health monitoring.
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Li, Renyin. "The Connotation and Realization Conditions of the All-round Development of Human Freedom：An Investigation Based on Marx’s Classic Texts". Advances in Social Science and Culture 6, n.º 3 (31 de mayo de 2024): p34. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/assc.v6n3p34.
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Human freedom is the ultimate goal of Marxism, Marx started from the perspective of social production, social division of labor and private ownership, scientifically revealed the inevitability of the all-round development of human beings, and systematically and scientifically expounded the freedom and liberation of human beings from the “slave-like division of labor”, the formation of the “association of free people”, and the real realization of the leap from the kingdom of necessity to the kingdom of freedom. An in-depth analysis of the rich connotation of Marx's free and all-round development and excavation of its contemporary value are of great guiding significance for comprehensively promoting Chinese-style modernization and realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation in the new era.
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BELLACE, JANICE. "AMERICAN UNIONS AND THE ECONOMY — THE UNHEARD VOICE OF A SHRINKING SECTOR". Singapore Economic Review 59, n.º 04 (septiembre de 2014): 1450029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217590814500295.
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Prior to the 1970s, unions in America represented nearly a third of the non-agricultural labor force with a significantly higher percentage in major manufacturing industries. Since then, union membership in the private sector has mirrored the steep decline in manufacturing jobs. Reduced numbers means greatly reduced political clout, such that unions today exercise almost no influence on national economic policy, even at a time of deep recession. From the 1980s onward, there has been a marked shift from a Keynesian macroeconomic framework toward a monetarist and liberal market model of economic policy, such that unions are viewed by many as anti-competitive in nature and as a constraint on a free market. This has further weakened their voice on policies relating to globalization. The minimal influence of unions and the lack of other mechanisms for collective employee voice have led to a weakening of policies designed to promote employment, even at a time of high unemployment. For over a decade, there have been no formal, or even regular informal tripartite discussions on employment policy matters. Moreover, even during a Democratic administration, unions have not been given a seat at the policy table.
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Randi, Ahmad y Arditya Prayogi. "Simbol Palu dan Eksistensinya dalam Politik Praktis Indonesia Tahun 1955". Journal of Education and Culture 2, n.º 3 (28 de octubre de 2022): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.58707/jec.v2i3.346.
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In the history of Indonesia, the workers have played a relatively important role in the course of the nation. At a time when the Indonesian people were fighting for independence, the role of the workers could not be ignored, could not be forgotten. They worked hand in hand with other mass groups to free the Indonesian people from the grip of the colonialists. This article aims to reveal how the existence of workers in the socio-political situation and their involvement in practical politics in Indonesia in 1955. This article was written using the historical method which consists of several stages, namely heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography. In this article, it can be concluded that there are political and economic relations between trade unions and various political elements, especially with political parties. The relationship between the two has different interests where labor unions have economic interests in order to get a living wage, health insurance and oppose arbitrary actions by employers. Meanwhile, political parties make themselves as a forum for channeling labor union voice aspirations and use them as a vote base.
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Leroux, Karen. "“Lady Teachers” and the Genteel Roots of Teacher Organization in Gilded Age Cities". History of Education Quarterly 46, n.º 2 (2006): 164–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5959.2006.tb00065.x.
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May the work of the L.T.A. go on ever upward and onward-gaining ground year by year; so that in future it will have its voice in the community, not low & sweet-but clear and resonant showing power and strength; may it gain that strength by increased membership, held together by strong bonds of love.Let us then be up and doing,With a heart for any fate;Still achieving, still pursuingLearn to labor and to wait.1Miss Ophelia S. Newell believed that teachers occupied a public office of unappreciated responsibility. As the secretary of the Lady Teachers' Association (LTA) in Boston, she penned these hopeful remarks as a coda to her 1875 annual report, borrowing the last stanza of a popular Henry Wadsworth Longfellow poem. For Newell and her fellow teachers, “learn to labor and to wait” underscored their steadfast commitment to the schools. They founded the association attempting to bring women teachers “nearer together in sympathy and friendship and also for a mutual benefit in debate and parliamentary rules.” Frustrated with being “accused of a lack of enthusiasm in our profession,” they hoped such criticism could “be remedied by an organization of this kind.” Honing their debating skills represented one of the women's objectives, but they aspired to do more than polish their chances for professional advancement.
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Carlander, Alisa, Jenny Niemeyer Hultstrand, Isa Reuterwall, Maria Jonsson, Tanja Tydén y Merit Kullinger. "Unplanned pregnancy and the association with maternal health and pregnancy outcomes: A Swedish cohort study". PLOS ONE 18, n.º 5 (22 de mayo de 2023): e0286052. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0286052.
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Objectives Unplanned pregnancies are common and associated with late initiation and inadequate antenatal care attendance, which may pose health risks to mother and child. How pregnancy planning relates to maternal health and delivery in Sweden, a country with free antenatal care and free abortion, has not been studied previously. Our aims were to study whether pregnancy planning was associated with antenatal care utilization and pregnancy outcomes in a Swedish setting. Methods Data for 2953 women, who answered a questionnaire when recruited at antenatal clinics in Sweden and later gave birth, was linked to the Swedish Medical Birth Register. The degree of pregnancy planning was estimated using the London Measure of Unplanned Pregnancy. Unplanned (comprising unplanned and ambivalent intention to pregnancy) was compared to planned pregnancy. Differences between women with unplanned and planned pregnancy intention and associated pregnancy outcomes were analyzed using Fisher’s exact test and logistic regression. Results There were 31% unplanned (2% unplanned and 29% ambivalent) pregnancies, whereas most woman (69%) reported their pregnancy to be planned. Women with an unplanned pregnancy enrolled later to antenatal care, but there was no difference in number of visits compared with planned pregnancy. Women with an unplanned pregnancy had higher odds to have induced labor (17% versus 13%; aOR 1.33 95% CI 1.06–1.67) and a longer hospital stay (41% versus 37%; aOR 1.21 95% CI 1.02–1.44). No associations were found between pregnancy planning and pregnancy-induced hypertension, gestational diabetes mellitus, preeclampsia, epidural analgesia use, vacuum extraction delivery, Caesarean section or sphincter rupture. Conclusions Unplanned pregnancy was associated with delayed initiation of antenatal care, higher odds for induction of labor and longer hospital stay, but not with any severe pregnancy outcomes. These findings suggest that women with an unplanned pregnancy cope well in a setting with free abortion and free health care.
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Bejan, Teresa M. "FREE EXPRESSION OR EQUAL SPEECH?" Social Philosophy and Policy 37, n.º 2 (2020): 153–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0265052521000091.
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AbstractThe classical liberal doctrine of free expression asserts the priority of speech as an extension of the freedom of thought. Yet its critics argue that freedom of expression, itself, demands the suppression of the so-called “silencing speech” of racists, sexists, and so on, as a threat to the equal expressive rights of others. This essay argues that the claim to free expression must be distinguished from claims to equal speech. The former asserts an equal right to express one’s thoughts without interference; the latter the right to address others, and to receive a hearing and consideration from them, in turn. I explore the theory of equal speech in light of the ancient Athenian practice of isegoria and argue that the equality demanded is not distributive but relational: an equal speaker’s voice should be counted as “on a par” with others. This ideal better captures critics’ concerns about silencing speech than do their appeals to free expression. Insofar as epistemic and status-harms provide grounds for the suppression and exclusion of some speech and speakers, the ideal of equal speech is more closely connected with the freedom of association than of thought. Noticing this draws attention to the continuing—and potentially problematic—importance of exclusion in constituting effective sites of equal speech today.
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Silva, Eduardo. "Exchange Rising? Karl Polanyi and Contentious Politics in Contemporary Latin America". Latin American Politics and Society 54, n.º 03 (2012): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-2456.2012.00163.x.
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AbstractFree-market reforms in the last quarter of the twentieth century weakened the point of production—labor unions—asthesource of effective nonparty political countermovement to liberal capitalism. Has another significant source of societal resistance arisen in association with the resurgence of market economics? Building on the work of Karl Polanyi, this article argues that circuits of exchange—the commodification of labor, land, and money—can be powerful sources of movement against contemporary forms of free-market capitalism. It draws on the cases of Argentina, Bolivia, and Ecuador to explore how Polanyi's exchange-based approach helps to elucidate three phenomena: the great variety of identities behind the myriad movements against free-market capitalism, the emergence of community as a powerful locus for organizing, and the proliferation of new forms of transgressive and highly disruptive direct action to reinforce the debilitated effectiveness of the strike.
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JANIEWSKI, DOLORES. "From Labor Rights to the Right to Work: Constituting and Resisting Social Citizenship, 1932–1953". Journal of Policy History 34, n.º 3 (6 de junio de 2022): 371–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0898030622000148.
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AbstractThe analysis examines the effort to incorporate labor rights into the American conception of civil liberties and the opposition to that endeavor. It focuses on three Senators—Robert Wagner, Robert La Follette, Jr., and Elbert Thomas—and New Deal officials who conceived of the National Labor Relations Act as a cornerstone of the effort to achieve “economic justice” and defended the law against its critics. It examines the opponents, including the National Association of Manufacturers and an anticommunist alliance between southern Democrats and Republicans. An ideological counteroffensive recast the supporters of social rights as un-American opponents of free enterprise and defined civil liberties as protecting the individual from an expansionist state and labor bosses. The analysis demonstrates the multiple causes for the disappearance of ideological space for conceiving that protection from oppressive employers constituted a civil liberty and the displacement of labor rights by the “right to work.”
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Delius, Anna. "Writing (for) Workers: Alternative Workers’ Magazines in Francoist Spain and in State Socialist Poland in the 1960s and 1970s". Labor 17, n.º 3 (1 de septiembre de 2020): 53–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/15476715-8349356.
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This article explores how repression and everyday conflicts at the workplace were connected with labor rights and trade unionism in two authoritarian regimes. It focuses on worker and labor activists’ media in Francoist Spain and in state socialist Poland during the years 1965–68 and 1977–79, respectively. Spanish and Polish workers both lacked the right to join and form independent trade unions, the right to free assembly and association, and the right to strike. At the same time, they faced comparable problems in their everyday working lives, including low salaries, excessive overtime, incompetent management, and deficits in safety and hygiene standards. In this context, (illegal) magazines for workers emerged. They provided new arenas for exchanging experiences, advertised strike actions all across the country, called for united action, and explained national legislation and global labor norms. Based on an analysis of Spanish and Polish workers’ publications, this contribution investigates how labor activists in these states addressed day-to-day problems and the constant violations of internationally binding labor norms.
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DIMAND, ROBERT W. y GEOFFREY BLACK. "CLARE DE GRAFFENREID AND THE ART OF CONTROVERSY: A PRIZEWINNING WOMAN ECONOMIST IN THE FIRST DECADE OF THE AMERICAN ECONOMIC ASSOCIATION". Journal of the History of Economic Thought 34, n.º 3 (13 de agosto de 2012): 339–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1053837212000363.
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The outspoken social reformer Mary Clare de Graffenreid (born 1849, died 1921) stood out among the handful of early women members of the American Economic Association (founded 1885) as the winner of two essay competitions. In 1889, Clare de Graffrenreid’s essay shared the $100 first prize in an AEA essay competition on child labor, and appeared the following year in the Publications of the American Economic Association (1st series, 5, 2, March 1890, pp. 194–271). In 1891 her essay “The Condition of Wage-Earning Women” (published in Forum 15, March 1893, pp. 68–82) won the $300 first prize in an AEA essay competition on women workers (the $200 second prize went to Helen Campbell’s “Women Wage Earners,” 1893). Her valedictory address at Wesleyan Female College in Macon, Georgia, in 1865 provided her first taste of public controversy, as the general commanding Union troops in the area responded by placing the college under guard and threatening to close it, but by far the most controversial of her twenty-seven publications was “The Georgia Cracker in the Cotton Mill” (Century Magazine, February 1891). This paper examines de Graffenreid’s career and contributions, and what her career reveals about the paths for women to participate in the AEA and the American economics profession in the late nineteenth century. After teaching Latin, literature, and mathematics for a decade at Georgetown Female Seminary, de Graffenreid had a non-academic career as an investigator with the Bureau of Labor (from 1888, Department of Labor) from 1886 until she retired in 1906. Despite her AEA prizes, her published lectures to other conferences (YWCA, National Conference of Charities and Correction), and her published testimony to the Industrial Commission on the Relations of Capital and Labor, she was never on the program of an AEA meeting. Like other women economists of her time, de Graffenreid crossed boundaries between scholarly research and social reform, and between different scholarly disciplines (e.g., publishing “Some Social Economic Problems” in American Journal of Sociology, 1896). The paper examines how essay competitions provided women such as de Graffenreid and Campbell (and Julie-Victoire Daubié and Clémence Royer in France) with a voice in the predominately male economics profession of the late nineteenth century.
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Cobble, Dorothy Sue. "International Women's Trade Unionism and Education". International Labor and Working-Class History 90 (2016): 153–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547916000089.
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AbstractThis keynote address, delivered in December 2015 at the International Federation of Workers’ Education Association General Conference in Lima, Peru, refutes the standard trope of labor movement decline and provides evidence for the global rise and feminization of labor movements worldwide. Trade union women’s commitment to emancipatory, democratic worker education helped spur these changes. The origins and effects of two historical examples are detailed: the Bryn Mawr Summer School for Women Workers held in the United States annually from 1921 to 1938 and the first International Women’s Summer School of the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions (ICFTU) held in France in 1953. The latter experiment, attended by women labor leaders from 25 countries, energized the Women’s Committee of the ICFTU. It led to the adoption of “The Charter of Rights of Working Women” by the ICFTU in 1965 and helped make possible the election of Sharan Burrow and other women to top office in the International Trade Union Confederation. The address concludes with a discussion of what the history of trade union women’s education teaches about strengthening future labor movements.
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Kamil, Ali, Wasan Sami Shukur y Arafat H. Assan AL-Dujaili. "Association of IL6,IL18 and FH-125 in treatment resistant among patients with schizophrenia". Al-Kufa University Journal for Biology 12, n.º 1 (21 de junio de 2020): 19–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.36320/ajb/v12.i1.8149.
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Background:Schizophrenia is mental illness described by atypical behavior and a reduced ability to understanding truth. Symptom include false beliefs, confused thinking unclear or, hearing voice and other People do not, reduced emotional expression, social engagement and lack of motivation. Schizophrenia patient often have other mental health problems like depressive, anxiety, or substance-use disorders.Methods:During the period from January 2019 to May 2019, a total of 37 patients with TRS and 37 control without autoimmune disease non-pregnant were included in this study. All these parsons were attending the AL Hakeem General hospital, their ages grouped from (18-70) years. Male to Female ratio 1/1. Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR), White Blood Cell Count to prove all participants in this study free from infectious disease for exclusion criteria. IL6, IL18 and FH-125 in serum samples were measured by (ELISA).
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King, Janchai. "Prioritising young peoples’ voices in research and work in youth offending services: Themes from free association research methods and a co-production project with young people". Educational and Child Psychology 39, n.º 2 (junio de 2022): 28–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpsecp.2022.39.2.28.
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Aims:To influence educational psychology practice by sharing key themes from research and work capturing young peoples’ experiences of engaging with youth offending services (YOS).Rationale:The prioritisation of the voice of the child in educational psychology practice is central to inclusivity (Davie, 1993; Messiou, 2002). Professionals capture and respond to the voices of children and young people, with varying degrees of authenticity, accountability and longevity (Hart, 1992; Hart et al., 2004). It is important that adults facilitate and support meaningful participation (Hart, 2008) by employing appropriate methods to enable young people to share their narratives. This paper seeks to influence educational psychology practice through the authentic voice of young people; focusing on what they say works when they are engaging with youth offending services, and highlighting accessible methods used to elicit voices.Method:The author discusses their experience of using free associative methods; the Grid Elaboration Method (GEM) (Joffe & Elsey, 2014) and the Free Association Narrative Interview (FANI) (Hollway & Jefferson, 2008) as part of their qualitative doctoral research with five young people recruited through a local authority YOS, answering the research question ‘What do participants talk about when asked about their engagement experiences with youth offending services?’ The author describes how these approaches facilitated accessible means to hearing young peoples’ voices, capturing their views through codes and themes illuminated through thematic analysis. Prioritisation of child voice during this formative experience inspired a co-production project creating a whiteboard video describing young peoples’ experience of working with a YOS. It provided space, voice, audience and influence to young people involved (Lundy, 2007) and through it, an accessible resource exists for those who may engage with YOS in the future.Limitations:The small number of participants recruited for the original research study (five) and the co-production project in YOS (six), impedes generalisability. Further limitations relate to the interpretivist nature of the original piece of research and following co-production project. The psycho-social approach, inherently acknowledges the subjective nature of analysis undertaken, suggesting that each individual researcher may analyse the data from a subjective perspective and therefore may come to different themes than those illuminated by this researcher.Implications and discussion:Themes that emerged through the script and visual imagery during the co-production project are linked back to key themes from the author’s original research. Key considerations for educational psychologists working in YOS are shared, focusing on the role educational psychologists can play in supporting young peoples’ meaningful engagement through supporting relationship and identity development and the structural processes that serve psychological functions. Proposals for educational psychology roles in YOS that provide consultative and supervisory support as well as in strategic shaping of services are also shared.
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Khanum, Sana, Jabbar Ul-Haq, Qazi Muhammad Adnan Hye y Ahmed Raza Cheema. "Does trade liberalization increase child labor in rural Pakistan? A rural perspective". Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology 8, n.º 1 (27 de diciembre de 2023): 33–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.55214/25768484.v8i1.414.
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Trade liberalization has differentiated effects on the regions (i.e., urban and rural). Concerning regional importance, we investigate the association between trade liberalization (TL) and child labor (CL), with special emphasis on rural areas, using micro-level data from 1990-2005 in rural Pakistan. Our estimation approach analyzes geographical differences in the effects of trade policy through province-level exposure to a reduction in import tariffs. We construct provincial panel data for the investigation of the liaison between trade liberalization and child labor in rural Pakistan. The feasible generalized least-squares (FGLS) method is utilized for empirical analysis. Pakistan is related to trade liberalization and the prevalence of child labor in rural areas. In Pakistan, trade liberalization has given rise to child labor in rural regions. It might be the reason that children who are living in rural areas assist their parents with household chores and on-farm. In rural Pakistan, trade liberalization leads to a rise in child labor. Our results hold up well against a range of control variables. The policy implication of the study is that the government should provide free education programs and packages to the poor, especially in rural areas, for the survival of their lives and then parents should send their children to school instead of work.
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van Boeckel, Sara R., Donald J. Davidson, Jane E. Norman y Sarah J. Stock. "Cell-free fetal DNA and spontaneous preterm birth". Reproduction 155, n.º 3 (marzo de 2018): R137—R145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep-17-0619.
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Inflammation is known to play a key role in preterm and term parturition. Cell-free fetal DNA (cff-DNA) is present in the maternal circulation and increases with gestational age and some pregnancy complications (e.g. preterm birth, preeclampsia). Microbial DNA and adult cell-free DNA can be pro-inflammatory through DNA-sensing mechanisms such as Toll-like receptor 9 and the Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING) pathway. However, the pro-inflammatory properties of cff-DNA, and the possible effects of this on pregnancy and parturition are unknown. Clinical studies have quantified cff-DNA levels in the maternal circulation in women who deliver preterm and women who deliver at term and show an association between preterm labor and higher cff-DNA levels in the 2nd, 3rd trimester and at onset of preterm birth symptoms. Together with potential pro-inflammatory properties of cff-DNA, this rise suggests a potential mechanistic role in the pathogenesis of spontaneous preterm birth. In this review, we discuss the evidence linking cff-DNA to adverse pregnancy outcomes, including preterm birth, obtained from preclinical and clinical studies.
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Sanderson, Jimmy. "Professional Athletes’ Shrinking Privacy Boundaries: Fans, Information and Communication Technologies, and Athlete Monitoring". International Journal of Sport Communication 2, n.º 2 (junio de 2009): 240–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsc.2.2.240.
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This case study considers how audience labor performed via information and communication technologies (ICTs) helps sports organizations monitor professional athletes. Three incidents are examined—(a) National Basketball Association (NBA) player Greg Oden participating in a pickup (casual) basketball game while he was rehabilitating an injured knee, (b) photographs posted on the Internet that captured National Football League player Matt Leinart posing with several young women in a hot tub and holding a beer bong, and (c) a video posted on YouTube that depicted NBA player Josh Howard disparaging the U.S. national anthem. The case study explores how ICTs enable sports organizations to capitalize on free labor provided by audience members to intensify surveillance of professional athletes and how fans’ ability to comment on news coverage of these stories reinforces organizational control, further reifying professional athletes as commodities.
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Maxcy, Joel y Michael Mondello. "The Impact of Free Agency on Competitive Balance in North American Professional Team Sports Leagues". Journal of Sport Management 20, n.º 3 (julio de 2006): 345–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsm.20.3.345.
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Free agency was reintroduced to professional team sport leagues in the 1970s. Sport enthusiasts expressed concern that competitive balance would diminish as star players congregated to large market cities. However, the economic invariance principle rejects this notion, indicating that balance should remain unchanged. This article empirically examines the effects of changes in free agent rules on competitive balance over time in the National Basketball Association (NBA), National Football League (NFL), and National Hockey League (NHL). Regression analysis using within-season and between-season measures of competitive balance as dependent variables provides mixed results. The NFL and NHL provide evidence that an aspect of competitive balance has improved, but results from the NBA indicate that balance has worsened since the introduction of free agency. We conclude that the ambiguous results suggest that the effects are not independent, but instead depend on the interaction of free agent rights with other labor market and league rules.
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Worthington, Leah, Rachel Donaldson y Kieran Taylor. "Making Labor Visible in Historic Charleston". Labor 17, n.º 1 (1 de marzo de 2020): 45–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/15476715-7962792.
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Charleston, South Carolina, is a city that markets itself as a center of heritage tourism. With millions of tourists visiting each year to see its historic architecture and landscaped gardens, how can public historians and public history professionals in Charleston and the Lowcountry accurately share the stories of workers, both enslaved and free, who built and fundamentally shaped the regional cultural landscape? The authors of this collaborative essay explore different avenues for ensuring that labor history and heritage—past and present—becomes integrated in the public history of the city and region. Through her work in historical interpretation at the McLeod Plantation Historic Site and the Lowcountry Digital History Initiative, Leah Worthington explores ways of publicly interpreting how enslaved people shaped the natural and structural landscapes of the Lowcountry—landscapes that are at the heart of the historical tourism industry. Rachel Donaldson examines the significance of the places of labor history and the importance of recognizing and preserving these sites as integral features of the region’s built environment. With the assistance of oral histories conducted with Leonard Riley Jr., a longshoreman and member of the International Longshoremen’s Association, her focus on the historical and contemporary significance of International Longshoremen’s halls in downtown Charleston sheds light on how sites like these have facilitated, and can continue to facilitate, labor and social activism. As Kieran Taylor argues, Charleston has a rich history of protest that fuses traditional labor demands for better wages and working conditions with demands for racial equality and black power. His project examines the efforts of African American workers in recent years to harness those traditions to build worker power at fast food restaurants, in hospitals, and in public services throughout the region.
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Yarramsetti, Sarojini, Anvar Shathik J y Renisha P.S. "Intelligent Estimation of Social Media Sentimental Features using Deep Learning with Natural Language Processing Strategies". International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering 10, n.º 6 (30 de abril de 2021): 74–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.f8825.0410621.
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In this digital world, experience sharing, knowledge exploration, taught posting and other related social exploitations are common to every individual as well as social media/network such as FaceBook, Twitter, etc plays a vital role in such kinds of activities. In general, many social network based sentimental feature extraction details and logics are available as well as many researchers work on that domain for last few years. But all those research specification are narrowed in the sense of building a way for estimating the opinions and sentiments with respect to the tweets and posts the user raised on the social network or any other related web interfacing medium. Many social network schemes provides an ability to the users to push the voice tweets and voice messages, so that the voice messages may contain some harmful as well as normal and important contents. In this paper, a new methodology is designed called Intensive Deep Learning based Voice Estimation Principle (IDLVEP), in which it is used to identify the voice message content and extract the features based on the Natural Language Processing (NLP) logic. The association of such Deep Learning and Natural Language Processing provides an efficient approach to build the powerful data processing model to identify the sentimental features from the social networking medium. This hybrid logic provides support for both text based and voice based tweet sentimental feature estimations. The Natural Language Processing principles assists the proposed approach of IDLVEP to extracts the voice content from the input message and provides a raw text content, based on that the deep learning principles classify the messages with respect to the estimation of harmful or normal tweets. The tweets raised by the user are initially sub-divided into two categories such as voice tweets and text tweets. The voice tweets will be taken care by the NLP principles and the text enabled tweets will be handled by means of deep learning principles, in which the voice tweets are also extracted and taken care by the deep learning principle only. The social network has two different faces such as provides support to developments as well as the same it provides a way to access that for harmful things. So, that this approach of IDLVEP identifies the harmful contents from the user tweets and remove that in an intelligent manner by using the proposed approach classification strategies. This paper concentrates on identifying the sentimental features from the user tweets and provides the harm free social network environment to the society.
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Haq, Jabbar Ul, Sana Khanum y Kashif Imran. "Skill-biased Impact of Trade Liberalization on Employment in the manufacturing sector of Pakistan". Global Economics Review VI, n.º II (30 de junio de 2021): 212–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/ger.2021(vi-ii).17.
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This study explores the association between trade liberalization and skilled employment from 1990 to 2005. Our estimation approach analyzes how skilled employment is affected by the protection rate. Trade liberalization and skilled employment are associated. Liberalization has increased skilled employment in the manufacturing sector of Pakistan. The findings also indicated a significant link between skilled labor and lagged policy. The results are also robust after including the different trade-related variables. The policy insinuation is that the government should provide free education programs and technical packages in their economies to gain from the benefits of trade liberalization.
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Almeida Castro, Nelma Lina, Sandra Martins de Brito Carvalho, Cristina Paula Pereira, Maria Neide De Almeida, Patricia Coelho De Almeida, Leandro Rachel Arguello, Antonio Carlos Dorsa, Patricia Kubalaki Onaka y Luis Henrique Almeida Castro. "Transversal Diagnosis of the Panorama of Professional Education: A Case Study of the City of Itaporã – Mato Grosso do Sul". International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 9, n.º 3 (1 de marzo de 2021): 114–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol9.iss3.2977.
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This case study aims to identify the demand for professional education courses in the city of Itaporã, in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, in the year 2020, offering a cross-cutting diagnosis of this educational panorama; for this purpose, the technique of guided interview in loco was implemented with the action coordinating agents designated by the municipal administration. All those involved were aware of their free and voluntary collaboration. During the entire collection phase, the information was recorded through a free association chart which, later revised, gave basis to the identification that in the disclosure phase there is no time to contact the possible students taking into account that, besides the districts, the municipality aggregates a vast rural region. In addition, the fact that the course is offered only at night, ends up discouraging the participation of some potential students who, despite showing interest, need to pay attention to their labor routines. It is concluded that a greater concern is needed to create a database of course graduates in order to establish a periodic sense capable of identifying professional life after the course, in addition to profiling the demand for skilled labor in order to detect which training is important at the moment.
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Sun, Raymond C. "“Hammer Blows”: Work, the Workplace, and the Culture of Masculinity Among Catholic Workers in the Weimar Republic". Central European History 37, n.º 2 (junio de 2004): 245–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156916104323121474.
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In the early 1930s German democracy was dying, mired in political gridlock, burdened by four million unemployed, and under assault by Nazis and Communists alike. In the midst of this crisis the Reich Association of Catholic Workers' Clubs and Working Youth (Reichsverband der katholischen Arbeitervereine und der Werkjugend) published a modest anthology entitled Die Arbeit (Work), “dedicated to the poetic glorification of labor.” Editorially justifying the decision to provide Catholic workers with verses at such a time, Ferdinand Göbel, one of the rising young leaders of the Catholic labor movement, argued that the poems, far from serving as a distraction or a momentary boost to morale, would enable workers to find the only true and lasting solution to their predicament. Poetry would lead to an inner, spiritual renewal, a rediscovery by workers that their labor was “not simply to earn bread, but… joyful participation in the act of creation, sacrificial service to humanity and a means of atonement that makes us strong and free within.” Because of this, said Göbel, The modern worker, this man of iron, has discovered his soul. He believes in loyalty and comradeship, in brotherhood and the courage to sacrifice. He hopes in a new humanity. Yes, out of his heavy everyday existence he hammers bridges to the eternal and the divine. He turns hard slave labor into an act of worship.
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Cohn, Ellen R. y Jana Cason. "Editor's Note". International Journal of Telerehabilitation 4, n.º 1 (6 de junio de 2012): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/ijt.2012.6084.
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The current issue of the International Journal of Telerehabilitation (IJT) contains original research evaluating the efficacy of telerehabilitation; an evaluation of a telerehabilitation system for community based research; and work that examines users’ perceptions of the privacy and security of the three top used consumer-based, free Voice and video over the Internet Protocol (VoIP) software systems (e.g., Skype and others) used by health care providers to deliver therapeutic services via telerehabilitation. Two Brief Communications authored by speech-language pathologists present the possibilities for significant telehealth related cost-savings when telepractice is implemented in clinical practice. Finally, this issue presents a report generated by a working group within the American Telemedicine Association’s Telerehabilitation Special Interest Group, and announcements from the American Telemedicine Association and the International Society for Augmentative and Alternative Communication (ISAAC).
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Group, Mihajlov. "The Zadar Declaration". Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 24, n.º 1 (2012): 152–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/jis2012241/210.
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The Zadar Declaration of 9 August 1966 is a curious document. Its original intent was the founding of the Movement of Independent Intellectuals at the Faculty of Philosophy at the Zadar branch of Zagreb University, which would sponsor a new independent socialist magazine, Free Voice or Free Word, in Tito's Yugoslavia. It was a test case whether Tito's "liberal" national communism would allow genuine freedom of thought, speech, press, association, pluralism, and tolerance characterizing an open society, democracy, and popular self-government. The regime response was the arrest of Mihajlo Mihajlov on the eve of the meeting on 8 August 1966. Yet the Mihajlov Group pressed on with the project. Due to regime pressure on the organizers, the founding meeting and Declaration became an occasion both for a critique of the ruling Party's ideological-political monopoly and an endorsement of Titoism. Nonetheless, it is a testimony to the courage of non-Marxist intellectuals who sought to speak the truth. The organizers were intimidated before the meeting, while all the signers of the Declaration were persecuted.
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Hamilton, Shane. "The Populist Appeal of Deregulation: Independent Truckers and the Politics of Free Enterprise, 1935–1980". Enterprise & Society 10, n.º 1 (marzo de 2009): 137–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1467222700007874.
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After spending a decade as an independent trucker hauling milk, watermelons, and paper across the United States, Mike Parkhurst sold his tractor-trailer in 1961 and used the proceeds to establish Overdrive magazine—the “Voice of the American Trucker.” Believing “truckers were ready for a magazine that would pull no punches,” Parkhurst launched a decades-long editorial assault on transportation regulations that he believed bound American enterprise in the chains of corporate control, government malfeasance, and brutish boss unionism. By the mid-1970s, Parkhurst became one of the nation's most outspoken advocates of transportation deregulation. As he told a reporter for Time in 1975, he hoped “to wake the truckers up to the fact that they're slaves to a monopoly”—a monopoly on freight transportation maintained by corporate trucking firms, abetted by the Teamsters Union, and sanctioned by corrupt government officials. In the summer of 1979, Parkhurst helped to orchestrate a nationwide strike by tens of thousands of independent truckers, in which drivers demanded, according to William Scheffer of the Overdrive-sponsored Independent Truckers Association, “the dismantling of a giant Federal bureaucracy that has grown to govern the trucking industry since the mid-1930's.”
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Xu, Y. y D. Liu. "Decent work for the digital platform workers. A preliminary survey in Beijing". Digital Law Journal 2, n.º 1 (22 de abril de 2021): 48–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.38044/2686-9136-2021-2-1-48-63.
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This paper discusses the status and implications of the employment relations and working conditions experienced by digital platform workers; the analysis is based on a survey conducted in 2017 on 1 338 workers engaged in work-on-demand via apps (WODVA) from 25 platforms in Beijing, of whom 48.8 % are full-time WODVA workers or take WODVA as their primary job. The survey finds that nearly a half of the respondents engage in platform work due to a lack of employment opportunities in formal labor markets or their permanent jobs providing insufficient income. The respondents reveal substantial decent work deficits in representation, compensation, job stability, social protection, working time, and health and safety: 1) WODVA workers seldom have any voice in labor dispute settlements and have a very low rate of unionization; 2) about one third of the full-time WODVA workers cannot earn a living wage and 7.6 % of them earn less than the minimum wage level; 3) three quarters of the full-time WODVA workers have no labor contract with the platforms or other employers, nor access to employer-contributed social insurances; 4) overtime work and underemployment coexist among full-time respondents, with nearly 10 % working for fewer than 4 hours per day while nearly 10 % work for more than 11 hours per day; 5) a majority of respondents run a higher risk of occupational health or physical risks, without any protection provided by the platforms or employers. To promote decent work by digital platform workers, the State needs to establish a portable social security system extending to all workers, to facilitate association and collective actions of platform workers either by extending the outreach of traditional unions or fostering new forms of organizations, to leverage digital technology to facilitate platform workers’ organization and information sharing, and even to promote universal basic income and a workers’ cooperative of platforms in the long run.
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MacDonald, Katie. "The User and the Association: Neglecting Household Irrigation as Neglecting Household Well-Being in the Creation of Water Users’ Associations in the Republic of Tajikistan". Water 11, n.º 3 (11 de marzo de 2019): 505. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11030505.
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Development initiatives often cite Water Users’ Associations (WUAs) as fundamental to water governance reform or the broad process of decentralizing responsibilities for management, supply and delivery. But the label of “WUA” indicates little about those who take on these duties as association members, suggesting all who use water in pursuit of life or livelihood are eligible to participate and benefit through collective action. Grounded in the belief that participatory projects can equitably empower and distribute resources, the enthusiastic introduction of WUAs continues despite critique that anticipated outcomes are overstated. Since borders opened to neoliberal development institutions in the 1990s, WUAs have been created throughout post-Soviet Central Asia. Yet, there has been limited reflection on how associations’ design and operation interact with physical or social structures to effect resource access across diverse groups. Drawing on fieldwork in Tajikistan, I demonstrate how WUAs reproduce exclusionary outcomes by requiring members to possess farmland in turn threatening rural food security. Held by a minority, farmland dedicated to commercial production stands in contrast to ubiquitous kitchen gardens, where crops sown for self-consumption form a buffer against hunger in the wake of labor migration and income inconsistency. Households’ inability to become members undermines their claim to water and voice in decision-making, ultimately constraining access to irrigation and a robust harvest.
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Svane-Petersen, Annemette Coop, Anders Holm, Hermann Burr, Elisabeth Framke, Maria Melchior, Naja Hulvej Rod, Børge Sivertsen et al. "Psychosocial working conditions and depressive disorder: disentangling effects of job control from socioeconomic status using a life-course approach". Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 55, n.º 2 (10 de septiembre de 2019): 217–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00127-019-01769-9.
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Abstract Purpose Job control, the combination of skill discretion and decision authority, is considered a central component of the psychosocial working environment. This longitudinal study examines the relation between job control and risk of incident depressive disorder using a life-course approach. Methods We analyze data from The Danish Work Life Course Cohort study, including all Danish individuals aged 15–30 who entered the Danish labor market during 1995–2009 and were free from depressive disorder at entry (955,573 individuals). We measured job control using a job exposure matrix. Depressive disorders were measured using information from nationwide registers of psychiatric in- and outpatient admissions. Using Cox regression models we estimated the prospective association between job control and risk of incident depressive disorders. Analyses accounted for a range of potential confounders prior to workforce entry including socioeconomic status in adolescence and parental psychiatric and somatic diagnoses prior to labor market entry, together with potential confounders in adulthood including income, education, and demographics. Results Lower levels of past year job control were associated with a higher risk of depressive disorder after adjustment for all covariates (HR = 1.27, 95% CI 1.16–1.38). Results stratified by gender showed associations for both men (HR = 1.38, 95% CI 1.19–1.61) and women (HR = 1.19, 95% CI 1.08–1.32). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the level of job control at work affects the risk of clinically diagnosed depressive disorder, and that this association is not due to confounding by socioeconomic status.
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Vidović, Mirko. "The Movement of Independent Intellectuals in Yugoslavia". Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 24, n.º 1 (2012): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/jis2012241/25.
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This essay sums up the quest for freedom of thought, speech, press, and association in Tito's Yugoslavia via an attempt to launch an independent magazine. Free Voice, and simultaneously foimd a Movement of Independent Intellectuals at the Faculty of Philosophy at the Zadar branch of Zagreb University in the 1960s, This was the Movement that Mihajlo Mihajlov joined. And while Mihajlov became famous for his intellectual travelogue, Moscow Summer 1964, published in the West, but banned in Yugoslavia, the would-be founders of the new magazine and Movement were all intimidated and persecuted, Mihajlov himself was imprisoned in August 1966 on the eve of the press conference to announce the project, while Mirko Vidović was in exile in France, Vidović would also face imprisonment in the 1970s, joining Mihajlov in the same prison where they organized hunger strikes demanding better treatment and regime recognition of the status of political prisoners.
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Fortunati, Leopoldina, Autumn Edwards, Anna Manganelli, Chad Edwards y Federico de Luca. "Do People Perceive Alexa as Gendered? A Cross-Cultural Study of People’s Perceptions, Expectations, and Desires of Alexa". Special Issue: Gender and Human-Machine Communication 5 (19 de diciembre de 2022): 75–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.30658/hmc.5.3.
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Mainly, the scholarly debate on Alexa has focused on sexist/anti-woman gender representations in the everyday life of many families, on a cluster of themes such as privacy, insecurity, and trust, and on the world of education and health. This paper takes another stance and explores via online survey methodology how university student respondents in two countries (the United States, n = 333; and Italy, n = 322) perceive Alexa’s image and gender, what they expect from this voice-based assistant, and how they would like Alexa to be. Results of a free association exercise showed that Alexa’s image was scarcely embodied or explicitly gendered. Rather, Alexa was associated with a distinct category of being—the VBA, virtual assistant, or digital helper—with which one talks, and which possesses praiseworthy technical and social traits. Expectations of Alexa and desires regarding Alexa’s ideal performance are presented and compared across the two country samples.
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Hryshko, Olena. "INFORMATION SUPPORT OF THE LABOR MARKET OF UKRAINE AND EASTERN EUROPE: INNOVATION ASPECTS". Baltic Journal of Economic Studies 7, n.º 3 (25 de junio de 2021): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2021-7-3-65-72.
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Introduction. The processes of informatization of society, reform of state institutions and transformation of the economic system of Ukraine identify new problems and set new challenges for regulating the labor market and employment on the basis of public-private partnership, including by bringing to all labor market actors relevant information from verified sources. Given the signing of the Association Agreement with the European Union, Ukraine should take into account the experience of Eastern European countries that have been in similar transition conditions and have shown significant progress, in particular in overcoming the problems and threats in the labor markets that they have encountered in the process of European integration. Purpose and objectives. There is a necessity to justify the expediency of integration of information of subjects in the labor market of Ukraine for the purpose of formation of uniform information support of the labor market that will promote legal productive employment of citizens. Methodology. The article is based on international legal acts, laws and bylaws of Ukraine in the field of employment and regulation of labor market processes in the context of the functioning of a single information environment, formed on the basis of public-private partnership. Both general and special methods were used for the research: methods of analysis and synthesis, descriptive method, methods of induction and deduction. Results. The article analyzes the regulation of the European labor market by integrating the capabilities of national public employment services, the implementation of equal opportunities in free labor mobility for European workers. The data and experience of the countries of Eastern Europe are given. The institutional and legislative aspects of the functioning of private mediation in the domestic labor market are considered and it is proved that in Ukraine there is currently no regulatory influence of the state on the activities of private mediation in this market, and regulatory support in this area is imperfect. It is studied that information flows of private intermediaries, including job search and recruiting websites, operate independently of state intermediaries, and the public does not fully have up-to-date information on the state and needs of the domestic labor market. The article highlights the role of the government and the State Employment Service in the formation of information support of the labor market, compares the published data, provides relevant recommendations of the International Labor Organization and foreign experience. Conclusions. The information published in Ukraine by private labor market intermediaries needs full attention, as its connection with informal employment is not excluded. Given the impact of globalization challenges on the functioning and development of the domestic labor market, it is proposed to standardize the activities of private labor market intermediaries, including job search and recruiting websites, by including their data on labor supply and demand in the domestic labor market. For Ukraine, the experience of the European countries in cooperation between public and private intermediaries in the labor market, based on the creation of single information support of the labor market, including through joining the EURES system, is relevant.
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Muhlizar, Muhlizar, Syafil Warman y Joharsah. "A Legal Protection Effort Workers in Covid-19". Rowter Journal 2, n.º 1 (27 de enero de 2023): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/rowter.v2i1.830.
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Trade unions are formed by workers by ensuring that their position and rights as workers can be balanced with the obligations they perform for employers. In the relationship between workers and employers or employers, it is undeniable that the position of workers is higher. And sometimes it results in the arbitrariness of the employers towards their workers. To reduce and deal with the possibility of this arbitrariness, workers should have an association which is usually called a trade union. with trade unions, workers can unite so as to balance their position with employers. Article 1 paragraph 1 expressly states that a trade/labor union is an organization formed from, by and for workers/laborers both within the company and outside the company, which is free, open, independent, democratic. This study uses a normative juridical approach, namely by collecting, studying and analyzing and understanding law as a set of rules or positive norms in the statutory system that regulates human life. In Law no. 21 of 2000 concerning Worker/Labour Unions spells out what the objectives of trade/labor unions are to provide protection, defend rights and interests, and improve proper welfare for workers/laborers and their families.
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JUNG, Kyung Soo. "An Indeterminacy of Labor Provisions Linked in Trade Treaties and Review of Domestic Laws". Korea International Law Review 62 (30 de junio de 2022): 105–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.25197/kilr.2022.62.105.
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As a new phenomenon to be noted in international law, the interaction among sub-fields of international law is emerging. Among them, there is a link between trade and labour. This link is to prescribe labour provisions that guarantee labour rights in free trade agreements regulating trade. For such labour provisions, references are generally made to the International Labour Organization Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work (“ILO Declaration”). A clause that directs an explicit reference is inherently indeterminate to function effectively. Through the analysis of the Report of the Panel of Experts (“Panel Report”) on the case of violations of labour provisions in the EU-Korea Free Trade Agreement (“EU-Korea FTA”), this article examines whether the labour provisions that explicitly refer to soft international standards such as ILO Declaration can function as rules that can enforce international labour standards in trade treaties. The findings of analyzing the Panel Report in this case can be summarized as follows: First, the labour provision with an explicit reference functions as an effect indicator that gives legal binding force to the content of the norms in the referenced international document. Even if there is no direct legal binding force in the indicated international document, its content remains legally binding pursuant to the labour provision. The norms in the Compilation of Decisions of the International Labour Organization’s Committee on Freedom of Association (“Compilation of Decisions”) thus become concrete legal norms directly applicable to the facts in question. Second, the obligation to respect, promote, and realize the principle of freedom of association was inclusively categorized as an obligation of result. Therefore, the Panel of Experts examined whether the relevant laws of Korea and the actual applications were consistent with the results required by the standards in the Compilation of Decisions. The obligation of result is relatively easier to prove for the party claiming non-performance while the burden of proof is cumbersome for the party claiming performance. It is of great interest to see how broadly and deeply Article 13.4.3 of the EU-Korea FTA will affect Korea’s guarantee of labour rights in the future. This is because the logic of finding and applying the law presented in the process of resolving the normative uncertainty of Article 13.4.3 by the Panel of Experts’ in deciding this case formally encompasses the entire scope governed by the fundamental conventions of the ILO. However, it is not easy to predict how it will develop in the future. Whether the EU will request the establishment of an expert panel procedure will vary on a case-by-case basis, and it is unclear how the function of an expert panel without formal rules of procedure will be addressed in the revision of the EU-Korea FTA.
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Azaare, John, Patricia Akweongo, Genevieve Cecilia Aryeteey y Duah Dwomoh. "Evaluating the impact of maternal health care policy on stillbirth and perinatal mortality in Ghana; a mixed method approach using two rounds of Ghana demographic and health survey data sets and qualitative design technique". PLOS ONE 17, n.º 9 (29 de septiembre de 2022): e0274573. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0274573.
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Background Stillbirth and perinatal mortality issues continue to receive inadequate policy attention in Ghana despite government efforts maternal health care policy intervention over the years. The development has raised concerns as to whether Ghana can achieve the World Health Organization target of 12 per 1000 live births by the year 2030. Purpose In this study, we compared stillbirth and perinatal mortality between two groups of women who registered and benefitted from Ghana’s ‘free’ maternal health care policy and those who did not. We further explored the contextual factors of utilization of maternal health care under the ‘free’ policy to find explanation to the quantitative findings. Methods The study adopted a mixed method approach, first using two rounds of Ghana Demographic and Health Survey data sets, 2008 and 2014 as baseline and end line respectively. We constructed outcome variables of stillbirth and perinatal mortality from the under 5 mortality variables (n = 487). We then analyzed for association using multiple logistics regression and checked for sensitivity and over dispersion using Poisson and negative binomial regression models, while adjusting for confounding. We also conducted 23 in-depth interviews and 8 focus group discussions for doctors, midwives and pregnant women and analyzed the contents of the transcripts thematically with verbatim quotes. Results Stillbirth rate increased in 2014 by 2 per 1000 live births. On the other hand, perinatal mortality rate declined within the same period by 4 per 1000 live births. Newborns were 1.64 times more likely to be stillborn; aOR: 1.64; 95% [CI: 1.02, 2.65] and 2.04 times more likely to die before their 6th day of life; aOR: 2.04; 95% [CI: 1.28, 3.25] among the ‘free’ maternal health care policy group, compared to the no ‘free’ maternal health care policy group, and the differences were statistically significant, p< 0.041; p< 0.003, respectively. Routine medicines such as folic acid and multi-vitamins were intermittently in short supply forcing private purchase by pregnant women to augment their routine requirement. Also, pregnant women in labor took in local concoction as oxytocin, ostensibly to fast track the labor process and inadvertently leading to complications of uterine rapture thus, increasing the risk of stillbirths. Conclusion Even though perinatal mortality rate declined overall in 2014, the proportion of stillbirth and perinatal death is declining slowly despite the ‘free’ policy intervention. Shortage of medicine commodities, inadequate monitoring of labor process coupled with pregnant women intake of traditional herbs, perhaps explains the current rate of stillbirth and perinatal death.
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Kolica, Sylë. "Coordination of Actors, Farmers - Processors and the Social Welfare of the Citizens in Peja". European Journal of Economics and Business Studies 4, n.º 1 (30 de abril de 2016): 208. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejes.v4i1.p208-217.
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Kosovo society is considered as strong consumer society with the need for liberalization of the labor market, active participation in the process of globalization and the promotion of "knowledge economy". Coordination of actors through associations and other forms of temporary association are prerequisite for enterprises, especially agribusiness related strategies growth and sustainability and being pro-business constitutes an essential condition to be pro-social, aware of the necessity of reconciliation policies free social market. Social Responsibility of enterprises, especially agribusiness Peja defined as a strong consumer, labor market liberalization and active participation of these enterprises with coordination of stakeholders in the process of globalization and the promotion of "knowledge economy". Peja agribusiness enterprises nowadays qualified as a period of liberalization are the first steps to understanding their fair economy intends putting it at the service of people considering the effectiveness of the market and minimal state. So in this case the state local government should create enabling environment for free breathing of these companies which are the only option for the social welfare of the citizens of the municipality of Peja and poverty reduction. The organization and coordination of stakeholders, farmers - among others profit maker also has another important instrument is therefore an instrument of social development under (JMKEYNES) Laissez faire works in these enterprises on the basis of the law of supply and demand, which itself regulates economic life of the citizens of Pec. Specification and focus on specific language variables gives discussed and explained the problem. Search theoretical judged and evaluated as the product of a cultural and institutional dispute.
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McCarthy, Henry. "Advocacy to Invigorate Rehabilitation Counseling Professional Associations: A Reflective Inquiry and Suggested Action Goals". Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin 63, n.º 3 (26 de julio de 2019): 179–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0034355219864649.
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Reflections and recommendations from American Rehabilitation Counseling Association (ARCA) leaders were solicited and analyzed to explore challenging issues considered relevant to all rehabilitation counseling (RC) associations. Of the 29 locatable Past-Presidents (from 1980 through 2016), 12 persons (41%) participated. The free-response questions emailed were the following: (1) describe the best accomplishment of your year as President; (2) explain the biggest challenge at that time for ARCA as an organization; (3) explain the concurrent challenges for the RC profession; and (4) specify two top priorities that ARCA leaders should work on, to have positive impact on RC’s stakeholders. The verbatim responses, presented in full in this article, were categorized into thematic clusters. The major themes that were identified echoed findings from some related prior studies and ongoing discourse within RC. Recommended goals for the profession’s sustainability are to (a) shape a stronger professional identity that is better understood and appreciated; (b) support an organizational vehicle or association for publicizing our voice and vision, and cultivating growth through ongoing professional collaboration; (c) increase the meaningful impact our profession has on its stakeholder groups; (d) enhance and maintain high standards of rehabilitation education and competent, ethical practice; and (e) engage in partnership with the disability community.
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Fikre, Rekiku, Kidist Eshetu, Muntasha Berhanu y Akalewold Alemayehu. "What determines client satisfaction on labor and delivery service in Ethiopia? systematic review and meta-analysis". PLOS ONE 16, n.º 4 (22 de abril de 2021): e0249995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0249995.
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Introduction The uptake of Health services, maternal and newborn health care outcomes are dictated by the satisfaction of clients on the service provided. Client satisfaction is one of the vital indicators to measure the quality of service. However, it is not well addressed and little evidence is existed in Ethiopia. Therefore, the purpose of this systematic review aimed to assess the prevalence and determinant of client satisfaction on labor and delivery service in Ethiopia. Methods This study has included published and unpublished articles. The main databases PubMed, Embase, EBSCO, Medline, CINHAL, Poplin, and the search engine like Google and Google scholar were used from June1-30/2020. Studies with observational study design which are conducted in English language and met the eligibility criteria were included in the review. Meta-analyses with random effects were performed. Data synthesis and statistical analysis were conducted using OpenMeta and CMA version 2 software. Results The pooled prevalence of client satisfaction on labor and delivery service in Ethiopia was 73.5% [95% CI [64.9%, 82.1%]. The pooled odds ratio showed a negative association between client satisfaction on labour and delivery service with Promptness of care [OR = 0.25; 95% CI: (0.18, 0.34), P = 0.0001], Free service charge [OR = 0.70; 95% CI: (0.57, 0.86), P < 0.0007], Privacy during examination [OR = 0.25; 95% CI: (0.10, 0.64), P < 0.004], Respectful maternal care [OR = 0.40;95% CI: (0.19, 0.83), P = 0.01], Plan to delivered at health facility [OR = 0.49; 95% CI: (0.37, 0.66), P < 0.00001] and ANC follow-up [OR = 0.39; 95% CI: 0.24, 0.63, P < 0.0001]. Conclusions This review revealed that client satisfaction on labor and delivery service in Ethiopia was 73.5%. Besides poor care of providers on the antepartum, intrapartum and lack compassionate and respectful care affects client satisfaction on labor and delivery service in Ethiopia.
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Anderson, David M. "“Things Are Different Down Here”: The 1955 Perfect Circle Strike, Conservative Civic Identity, and the Roots of the New Right in the 1950s Industrial Heartland". International Labor and Working-Class History 74, n.º 1 (2008): 101–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547908000203.
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AbstractThe article examines the history of the violent 1955 Perfect Circle strike to join the growing body of labor history scholarship that rejects the existence of a postwar “labor-management accord.” Contrary to previous depictions of a postwar “class peace,” the small-town industrial Midwest stood as a key battleground between unionized workers and competitive-sector employers such as the Indiana-based Perfect Circle Corporation, a small, family-owned manufacturer, a model welfare capitalist firm, and one of the nation's leading automotive parts producers. Driven by their desire to hold down labor costs and their own antistatist ideology, Perfect Circle's owners had opposed the New Deal and, by the late 1930s, had shed their previous provincialism to join the national political coalition of business conservatives in the National Association of Manufacturers to secure the passage of the Taft-Hartley Act in 1947. During the Cold War era, even while they were extending their political reach and expanding their operations overseas, Perfect Circle's owners sought to forge labor-management unity by promoting a quaint vision of “heartland consensus,” a conservative civic identity that management was convinced would render unions unnecessary. As with many business conservatives, Perfect Circle owners tried to rid their plants of unions by tapping into an interlocking network of well-financed right-wing policy groups to mount an extensive employee educational program and public relations campaign in defense of “free enterprise.” Despite Perfect Circle's vigorous efforts to undercut unionization, by 1953 the majority of workers at all four of its east-central Indiana plants voted to affiliate with the United Auto Workers (UAW). Conflict between labor and management culminated in the violent 1955 strike, in which Perfect Circle handed the UAW a decisive defeat while enjoying widespread support from the regional and national press. The strike became a conservative cause célèbre during the 1957 national “right-to-work” campaign and a centerpiece of the Senate's 1958 McClellan “Labor Rackets” hearings, which launched Barry Goldwater's bid for the 1964 presidency. The article concludes that Perfect Circle and many other employers not only continued to contest unions in the 1950s but also played a neglected but important role in the formation of the New Right.
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Solomon, Eyasu Tekile, Fisseha Yetwale Kassie, Dawit Gebeyehu Mekonnen, Muhabaw Shumye Mihret, Addisu Taye Abate y Amanuel Addisu Dessie. "Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice towards Labor Pain Management and Associated Factors among Skilled Birth Attendants Working at Hospitals Found in Central, West, and North Gondar Zones, Northwest Ethiopia, 2019: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study". Pain Research and Management 2021 (13 de mayo de 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8835677.
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Introduction. Delivery of the infant into the arms of a conscious and pain-free mother is the most exciting and rewarding moment in maternal care services. Physical and mental care of women during delivery requires good knowledge and a positive insight to the needs and rights of the mothers. Little was known regarding skilled birth attendants’ knowledge, attitude, and practice towards labor pain management in the study area. Hence, the current study aimed at assessing knowledge, attitude, and practice, and associated factors towards labor pain management among skilled birth attendants working at hospitals found in central, west, and north Gondar zones, northwest Ethiopia, 2019. Method. A multicenter institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from June 1 to 30, 2019. A census sampling technique was used to include a total of 336 skill birth attendants. A pretested standardized self-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data. The data were then entered into Epi Info 7.1.2 and exported to SPSS version 25 for analysis. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were undertaken to identify factors associated with outcome variables. The level of significance of the study was declared based on adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval at a p value of ≤0.05. Result. The proportion of skill birth attendants having good knowledge, a favorable attitude, and a good practice on labor pain relief methods was 47%, 41.96%, and 57.14%, respectively. Age of ≤30 years (AOR = 5.43; 95% CI: 1.25, 23.53), educational status of 2nd degree and above (AOR = 3.56; 95% CI: 1.32, 9.60), working at a private primary hospital (AOR: = 6.55; 95% CI: 2.15, 19.93), and working at a referral hospital (AOR = 2.24 : 95% CI: 1.01, 4.93) are factors significantly associated with good knowledge while having good knowledge on labor pain relief methods (AOR = 2.26; 95% CI: 1.42, 3.60) and working at private primary hospitals (AOR = 7.01; 95% CI: 1.92, 25.65) had statistically significant association with favorable attitude and good practice on labor pain relief methods, respectively. Conclusion and Recommendations. Poor knowledge, unfavorable attitude, and poor practice towards labor pain management were found in this study. Strengthening the capacity of public health facilities and providing continuous professional development (CPD) training for the skilled birth attendants would be helpful in improving knowledge, attitude, and practice towards labor pain management.