Tesis sobre el tema "Français (langue) – Comparaison (grammaire)"
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Miladi, Lidia. "Etude transformationnelle des verbes à complétive du polonais : comparaison avec le français". Grenoble 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004GRE39006.
Texto completoThis thesis is a systematic and exhaustive analysis of the substantive Polish structures (compared with the French language), as part of the "lexique-grammaire" model developped by M. Gross and his team at LADL. The application of M. Gross' method has permitted the classing of nearly 2100 substantive Polish verbs into 17 syntactical-semantic classes. Where only one subordinating conjunction (que) exists in French, with a differentiation on the substantive mood (indicative / subjunctive), two distinct forms of the subordinating conjunctions ze and zeby1 are observable in Polish. The Polish substantives are introduced either by to1 or by the sequence : Prép+to1. In addition, 16 prepositions (of various meanings) are able to introduce a complementary substantive (or infinitive) in Polish where as only two prepositions à and de introduce the substantive or prepositional infinitives in French. To1 - initiator of a substantive in Polish, belongs to the subordinating conjunction ze or zeby1. It is grammatisized and so has no autonomous value. It can be deleted without changing the meaning of the phrase. If it is used before the substantive, it forms a preliminary condition for several transformations (open to be applied in these constructions). Furthermore another morpheme exists : to. To2 is a deictic pronoun which serves on the one hand to pronominalise the substantives ( or the infinitives) and on the other hand when placed at the beginning of a phrase, it emphasizes the substantives and the infinitives. A correlation between to1 et to2 is noticeable : to1 originates from to2. Only 381 verbs allow a reduction from the substantive to the corrresponding infinitive. The presence of the infinitive marker of the from zeby2 is observable in the infinitive constructions
Rebotier, Aude. "Les Temps verbaux en allemand et en français et les phénomènes aspectuels : comparaison de deux systèmes". Grenoble 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005GRE39039.
Texto completoMuller, Claude. "La négation en français : syntaxe, sémantique et éléments de comparaison avec les autres langues romanes". Paris 7, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA070036.
Texto completoNegation may be defined in relation to assertion, as a rejection of a pragmatic presupposition. This basic value is accompanied by a derived value allowing for information transmission : descriptive negation. Operators of syntactic negation can be used with metalinguistic paraphrases (using the 'support-verbs' of assertion) as well as with surface operators. Negation is also expressed by operators adapted to their lexical context (morphological negations); inversely, the context may adapt in function of the negation (negative polarity). The choice of ne pas vs. Non corresponds respectively to a negation containing a verb among its arguments and to a negation incorporating its 'support verb', which explains the wide application range of non. Uses of ne without pas result either from the negative association codified in the 17th century, or from survivals of the former system. The negative association (combination of a negation and a dependent operator) highlights the phenomenon of non localised negation characterising the romance languages, with absence of morphological incorporation of negation in negative words. It is indicated in french by the absence of pas and the simultaneous use of ne in written french. Negative expletives can be seen in this framework as negations associated with a dominant-scope context equivalent to a positive item with a dependent negation, hence the characterisation of these constructions as inverse negative associations. The last chapters deal with modifications of determiners in negative sentences, and with the semantics of negative questions
Ren, Xiaobo. "Syntaxe diachronique et synchronique des constructions passives en chinois : essai de comparaison avec les formes passives du français". Paris 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA030139.
Texto completoIn today's chinese, the common passive form is the following : "(np1) + bei (+ np2-agent) + v (+c)". This structure can already be found in medieval chinese (8th century a. D. ), but it only became the most current passive form in modern chinese, around the 14th and 15th centuries. In archaic chinese and in medieval chinese, other constructions with other marks than bei were used to express the passive form. They were essentially : i. E. Yu, wei. . . Suo and jian. Various constraints on the passive forms regarding syntax, semantics and communication as well, explain why all the active forms may not always have an exact corresponding passive form and why some passive forms are sometimes more natural than their corresponding active forms. The differences that arise between the chinese language and the french language, emphasize the fact that some passive forms in one language are adequately rendered by active forms in the other language, thus a choice has to be made between syntaxic, semantic and communicative levels
Lee, Sung-Young. "La syntaxe des pronoms clitiques des langues romanes : comparaison de deux approches". Paris 8, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA081031.
Texto completoLe, Hoang Nam. "Stylistique comparée et traduction : étude descriptive d'un corpus littéraire Franco-vietnamien". Paris 10, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA100033.
Texto completoThe aim of this thesis is to prove that we cannot create ready to use translation methods for literary texts from solutions given by two translators of a same literary text. In order to show our thesis, we compared and examined the way of translation of both translators in the three constituent elements. The first element is about the interpretation and the understanding of a literary text. The second element is about the recreation of the literary aspect of a translated text. The third element is about the decontextualisation of a translated text. The result of the research shows that the solutions proposed by the two translators from a same corpus, are based on the significant of the original text and on the equivalent words of the target language. Therefore, these solutions are the cause for the discrepancy between two artistic perceptions of a text and consequently, they cannot be applied for the translation of other texts. Our solutions are based on the meaning and the impression given by a text, thus, only our solutions can reduce the discrepancy between two artistic perceptions of a same text
Merten, Pascaline. "La caractérisation multiple en français: description, comparaison avec d'autres langues et formalisation XML". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210993.
Texto completoLes linguistes du français se sont surtout intéressés à la position absolue de l’adjectif (antéposition ou postposition au nom), mais peu à leur ordre relatif. Il était intéressant d’étendre le point de vue à tous les caractérisants parce que le mélange de caractérisants de différentes natures, en particulier la séquence relative de l’adjectif et du complément du nom, pose d’intéressantes questions linguistiques. La notion fonctionnelle montre également sa valeur dans un cadre comparatiste, car différentes langues ne rendent pas le même concept avec la même catégorie morpho-syntaxique.
Notre théorie est que la séquence des caractérisants, tant en antéposition qu’en postposition, est régie par une hiérarchie de critères morpho-syntaxiques et sémantiques, en particulier par leur valeur classificatrice, descriptive ou spécificatrice. On a souvent classé les adjectifs en fonction de leur appartenance à une classe sémantique ontologique (couleur, forme, matière…). En réalité, de très nombreux adjectifs et caractérisants n’entrent pas dans ces catégories et ce type de classification n’est pas le premier critère à l’œuvre dans l’ordre des mots.
Le syntagme nominal apparaît dès lors comme structuré en différentes couches concentriques autour du nom ;il est délimité en antéposition par les quantifiants et en postposition par les caractérisants spécificateurs qui lui font en quelque sorte pendant. On observera dès lors d’intéressants phénomènes de sens et d’acceptabilité grammaticale dans le jeu des quantifiants et des caractérisants. Inversement, la position relative d’un caractérisant influe sur sa valeur. On pourrait résumer ces effets de sens par la formule :on dit d’abord ce que c’est, ensuite comment c’est, et enfin lequel c’est. De manière très générale donc, on observe que l’orientation des déterminants se fait selon un axe intrinsèque-extrinsèque ou objectif-subjectif.
L’étude d’expressions dans d’autres langues et dans des domaines spécialisés (cuisine, appellations officielles incluant des adjectifs géographiques, localisation de logiciels et chimie organique) permet de valider cette hypothèse tout en montrant que l’ordre des mots est un phénomène de génération, propre à chaque langue car la traduction modifie la nature morpho-syntaxique et peut modifier la valeur des caractérisants.
La partie technique de la thèse a exploité des techniques de traduction assistée par ordinateur, de traduction automatique et de traitement du langage, elle a fait appel aux langages de balisage standards de la famille XML pour la représentation des corpus et des règles ainsi que pour la réalisation des procédures. Les corpus spécialisés ont été constitués par alignement de corpus monolingues ou par traduction. Ils ont tous été mis au format XML ;les règles de traduction ont été formalisées dans le même format et elles ont été implémentées en XSLT. La formalisation des corpus en assure la portabilité et facilite les recherches de structures grammaticales sur un corpus catégorisé. Les corpus parallèles sont en outre d’une grande aide pour les traducteurs. Enfin, l’automatisation permet de valider les règles linguistiques proposées.
Doctorat en philosophie et lettres, Orientation langue et littérature
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Stosic, Dejan. ""par" et "à travers" dans l'expression des relations spatiales : comparaison entre le français et le serbo-croate". Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00272907.
Texto completoSibachir, Zina. "La traduction en arabe de la terminologie des Sciences du langage : structuration morphosémantique des unités terminologiques : approche traductive Français-Arabe". Paris 13, 2013. http://scbd-sto.univ-paris13.fr/secure/ederasme_th_2013_sibachir.pdf.
Texto completoYoussef, Said. "Les relatives : comparaison entre le français, l'arabe classique, l'arabe moderne et l'arabe egyptien". Thesis, Besançon, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BESA1030/document.
Texto completoThis study aims to examine the structure of relative pronouns between Classical Arabic, Modern Standard Arabic and Egyptian Arabic. We try to show the characteristics of relative pronouns for each of these three Arabic language variants and compare them with those of the French language.The first section presents an analysis of the relative pronouns by French grammarians, as well as our perspective on it. The second section presents a study of sentence structure in Classical Arabic and Modern Standard Arabic. In this section, we also present an overview of the analysis conducted by Arab grammarians of the units that we consider as relative pronouns. In the third and the fourth section, we analyze what we have called the marked relatives and unmarked relatives in Modern Standard Arabic and Egyptian Arabic. Finally, we describe the similarities and differences that emerge from these comparisons between the system of relative pronouns for each of these three Arabic language variants and the French language
Fadhlaoui, Najet. "Le métalangage grammatical du français dans les classes tunisiennes : le cas de la notion de complément". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCA100/document.
Texto completoThe present thesis about the metalanguage of the grammar of French falls into a wide framework which concerns the fields of morphosyntactic linguistics, acquisition, didactics and pedagogy. From the didactic point of view, we selected a socioconstructive perspective which is then adapted to a work on metacognition. As for the pedagogical level, our objective is to analyse the metalinguistic verbalizations of the pupils of Tunisian middle school in their analysis of the function Complement. Our research option being mainly the interactions in a class of grammar and the dynamics of coconstruction and metalinguistic negotiations rather than the operations of propping up with pupils, aims to be a study of the problems generated by the complex articulation of metalanguages which stem from schools of grammar of reference and educational grammar from textbooks and instructors and those of the internal, unconscious and heterogenous grammar of the Tunisian pupil. Otherwise, the articulation overlaps between the grammar ofhis first language of schooling, in this particular case Arabic Lg 1 (subject to the same problems) and the grammar of French Lg 2, consistently his interlanguage. In the end, our work which aims at the construction of grammatical concepts negotiated with pupils for an effective and efficient linguistic verbalization (biméta) proceeds in the following way: we use a corpus which is based on questionnaires and class observation in which teachers use sequences of grammar inserted into learning modules and which contain educational gramma A diagnostic phase intends to reveal, then, the tracks of a grammar under construction mainly by focussing on pupils' mistakes through tests prepared for that purpose and peer and teacher exchanges which aim at determining the metalinguistic and metacognitive profiles of pupils. A second phase sets up the device of negotiation of the concept of complement in terms of evolution of the used strategies. The analysis is based on a comparison of the complementation in Arabic and in French through which the interactions bimétalanguagieres and the negotiation of the terms and the rules are analysed
Dam, Minh Thuy. "L'acte de refus : étude contrastive entre les mises en discours française et vietnamienne". Amiens, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AMIE0019.
Texto completoIt is said that every language user acts on the basis of his/her native cultural characteristics. With this as a starting point, the subject of this Study is a comparison of acts of refusal between the French and Vietnamese languages. Taking the view that every linguistic behaviour is the result of a series of different linguistic acts and expressions, this study aims to identify strategies to soften the "threatening" aspect of refusals. Within this study, various aspects of linguistic behaviours will be analysed : lexical, syntactic, pragmatic, argumentative. Depending on his/her own cultural characteristics, each language user will use or prioritise different communication strategies to save face, an essential consideration in the living-together
Atar, Sharghi Navid. "Analyse syntaxique comparée du persan et du français : vers un modèle de traduction non ambigüe et une langue controlée". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Besançon, 2011. http://indexation.univ-fcomte.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/c6d7ac26-fae9-4da5-8861-87fbe23130d5.
Texto completoThis study concerns a comparative analysis of the syntactic units (syntagms) and the fundamental constructions of French and Persian, with regards to Controlled Languages and problematic and ambiguous cases for translation.After a historical survey of these languages and a brief presentation of the writing and phonetic systems of Persian, the ward classes (parts of speech) and their traditional and modern classifications are compared. The structures of determinant, nominal, adjectival, prepositional, adverbial and verbal syntagms and the nature of their component, as well as the fundamental constructions of the basic sentence in thesetwo languages are then analysed. During the study, as a result of translation tests carried out by Persian students, some problematic cases for translation have been recognized and analysed for a potential French-Persian controlled language. ln the final synthesis, the syntagmatic structures and some instructions for developing a controlled language relating French and Persian languages have been assembled
Bissonnette, Stéphanie. "Comparaison du registre de lecteurs de bulletins de nouvelles québécois et français". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ53925.pdf.
Texto completoFouillet, Raphaële. "Les formes de contextualisation de la description du français dans les grammaires pédagogiques pour italophones (1970-2011). Cultures métalinguistiques et expertise professorale". Thesis, Paris 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA030152.
Texto completoAccording to common discourse in the field of didactics, grammar, considered as an intimate related discipline to writing practices, seems to be often overshadowed since the introduction of the concept of the communicative competence in French as a foreign language teaching and learning. Nevertheless, the practices of teachers of French as a foreign or second language and the handbooks for language learning published in France certify a continuous presence of grammar activities in this field. The present study, based on this contradictory situation, seeks to analyse the grammatical discourse of handbooks specifically conceived for learners of French as a foreign language who share a common first language. With this aim, we review twenty six (26) books of grammar edited in Italy between 1970 and 2011. The study begins by investigating the designation and definition of parts of speech and the description of language facts by comparing them to a reference description of French Grammar. We try to reveal how this description takes place through a constant and widespread, diffuse character throughout the analysed period. The study continues by establishing a typology of different forms based on four categories of contextualization, all derived from the learners’ first common language and its specific context grammatisation. Finally, in the perspective of reconsidering the long-lasting relationship between teaching and language description in the occidental world, we suggest possibilities for joining French grammatical reference discourse adaptation and teachers’ professional expertise knowledge
Gharbi, Habib. "De la grammaire à la rhétorique : analogie et ressemblance dans les structures comparatives". Thesis, Paris 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA040058.
Texto completoComparison has always been poorly understood whether in grammar or rhetoric. This is why none of the linguistic works or the brief heterogeneous analysis that were made have managed to deal with it in the precise manner they were ought to. Hence comes the objective of my thesis which consists in standardizing the study of Comparison by taking in consideration all of its possible forms. Indeed, I will try to rehabilitate the distinction of the Greco-Roman tradition between Comparatio and Similitudo which was lost since the period of confusion that marked the XVIIth century. Based on a constructive methodology that starts with the smallest units to reach out for the larger text, this study goes through all levels of linguistic analysis, beginning with the grammatical layer, a referential one, to attain the rhetorical layer where extra-linguistic referents are taken into account. It consequently leads to achieve the categorical distinctions between comparison and similitude one the one hand, and between comparison and metaphor on the other. Those distinctions are illustrated by examples drawn basically in modern literature (XIXth and XXth centuries). Interestingly, examples themselves are accompanied with detailed analysis and sundry rankings which are meant to highlight the specificities of every notion in relation to the study of analogy and resemblance
Meng, Zewen. "Le problème de la valence en français et en chinois. Étude contrastive et typologique". Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2021. http://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=http://theses.paris-sorbonne.fr/2021SORUL005.pdf.
Texto completoAfter researching the subject Study of verbal valence from a typological perspective of contrast between French and Chinese, we propose here an even deeper contrasting and typological study on the problem of valence in French and Chinese. The theory of “valence” was first proposed by the French linguist Lucien Tesnière and has been applied to various bending or agglutinating languages of Europe and the world, and also, it can be applied to insulating languages from Asia, such as Chinese, even if it was introduced quite late in China. For comparison, we take Chinese as a reference that we compare with French on avalent, monovalent, bivalent, trivalent, tetravalent verbs, and also on the diatheses of the change of valence of verbs. Contemporary Chinese and standard French are two very different languages from a typological point of view; unlike French, Chinese is a language with reduced morphology, verbal series, loose and narrow pivot constructions, topicalization and subjectification and also it is a phenomenon of grammaticalization (cf. Lemaréchal & Xiao, 2017) such as 把bǎ of the verb “take” became the preposition to propose objects in front of the verbs; 被bèi of the verb “suffer” became the preposition to mark the passive and the patient; 叫jiào and 让ràng of the verb “call” “to give” became signs of causative-factual and passive; 给gěi of the verb “give” that has become multifunctional: as a preposition, beneficiary, dative (of interest and ethics); causative-factual, applicative, passive mark; in the construction verbal series and construction pivot; and also it can be integrated into words as a semantic element. The theory of “valence” not only allows the study of the construction of verbs but can be extended to all predicates (in the semantic and logical sense of the term). This theory can be used in many languages. It has helped to improve dictionaries and facilitate language teaching and learning. This thesis aims to typologically solve certain problems on the verbal valence between French and Chinese
Safa, Parivash. "L' expression de l'inchoativité en français et en persan". Besançon, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BESA1022.
Texto completoLablanche, Anne. "L’infinitif complément d'un verbe, d'un adjectif, d'un nom : écriture d'un fragment de grammaire". Paris 10, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA100111.
Texto completoThe aim of this thesis is to build a piece of French grammar explaining the use of the infinitive syntax within the framework of polychrome tree grammars. The thesis comprises two parts. The first part studies problems associated with the infinitive. The infinitive, like a verb, has complements and the component it forms with its complements can in turn be the complement to a verb, a noun or an adjective. Traditional grammars express this as the double nature of an infinitive: it has the properties of a verb and of a noun/ it has both verbal and nominative properties. It is therefore difficult to insert the infinitive syntax into a formal model allowing the use of computational linguistics. We define the infinitive component as the unit comprising an infinitive verb and its complements. We explain why this term is preferable to “infinitive subordinated proposition”. The second part examines the syntactic analysis of infinitive components within the framework of polychrome tree grammars and is organized around the contexts in which the infinitive is used (a verb, a noun, an adjective). A polychrome tree grammar representation makes it possible to test this formalism and demonstrates the benefits of separating the syntactic function of each category. One can thus explain the cases in which the component of a non-nominal category performs a role generally performed by a noun. Finally, this work on the syntax of the infinitive, which revisits certain studies from traditional grammars, enriches the formalism constructed within the framework of computational linguistics
Chardon-Lechêne, Emmanuelle. "Le mode subjonctif en français moderne : perspectives en grammaire générative". Paris 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA030114.
Texto completoSyntactic analyses of natural languages conspicuously differ in the way in which they take meaning into account, and they also crucially differ in the identification of the units they take to be relevant. As regards the empirical question of the subjunctive mood, the head Cʿ and its projection CP appear to be a particularly salient locus for its occurrence since, in general, mood is a grammatical categoy that contributes to the expression of modality. Moreover, it is also relevant to observe what is implied by native speakers' intuitions regarding the subjunctive, such as subjectivity parameters, which cannot be accounted for within the strict limits of truth-conditionally oriented Logical Form. The main contention of this dissertation consists in rejecting the exclusive disjunction reading of the following characterisation of the subjunctive: "either the mood of complementation, or the mood of subjectivity", and to show that both these dimensions are needed to account for the data - and interact. From a morphophonological point of view, the French subjunctive paradigms are analysed as belonging under the general category "Past" and are shown to derive from the imperfect tense ones. From the semantic point of view, a strong relationship is recognised (or established) between the occurrences of this mood and a feature of "deassertion" located in Tʿ, the functional head locally c-commanded by Cʿ, and appears in contexts where psychological subjects are involved
Chinkarouk, Oleg. "Système verbal et aspect en ukrainien, en russe et en français : étude contrastive". Grenoble 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE39033.
Texto completoAlthough the verbal systels of french and slavic languages are structured quite differently, they are both based on the category of aspect. A comparison of the verbal systems of the ukrainian and russian with that of french is both possible and necessary, especially within a teaching perspective. Such a comparison must however be founded on the general theoretical principles provided by grammatical metalanguage. Aspectual values - i. E. The non-complete, perfect and aoristic - provide us with netalinguistic notions which coer be used to describe french, ukrainian and russian. In french, the grammatical category of aspect manifests itself in the opposition between simple and compound verbal forms. In slavic languages, on the other hand, aspect constitutes a lexicogrammatical category. The opposition between perfective and imperfective aspect is also an opposition between two distinct verbs
Fitouri, Idriss. "Grammaire et enseignement du français aux étudiants libyens". Grenoble 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE39043.
Texto completoBélanger, Alain. "Le problème des groupes N de N et sa solution en lexique-grammaire : les constructions NO avoir Dét Na de Nb W". Paris 13, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA131023.
Texto completoThis work deals with the linguistic representation problem of n de n predicative groups in contemporary franch in the theoretical and methodological framework of lexicon-grammar (m. Gross 1975; z. Harris 1976, 1991). The solution adopted in lexicon-grammar (g. Gross 1987, 1988) establishes that thousands of n de n groups are compound words and that they must receive the same lexicographic treatment as the simple words. The analysis of linguistic facts in the harrissan theoretical framework, on which lexicon-grammar is based, shows that the predicative groups with the carrier verb avoir present various relations of equivalence with others constructions, that their components can receive modifyers and that the first noun of the group is the predicative nucleus which selects the arguments of the sentence. This analysis is correlated of the studies realized on compound words : there is not any formal criterion which permits to identify, in the n de n group set, the groups which are compounds nouns. This identification is just based on personal judgements. We licence in this manner a new documentary research program which consists of recognizing, in the n de n groups set, the groups which incorporate an equivalence relations sub-system. This set will receive a lexico-syntactic treatment and not just a lexical one. The others will be inserted in the dictionnary and in the lexicon-grammars with precaution, because this relational sub-system experts a systematic pression on the language which can result its reanalysis as nominal groups
Signaté, Diame. "Grammaire française : les systèmes corrélatifs dans l'histoire du français jusqu'au dix-septième siècle". Paris 13, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA131012.
Texto completoWe studied the correlative systems in the history of the french language from the middle ages up to the classical epoch. Our study though based on historical backgrounds, it also includes many theoretical analysis to explain the idea of "correlation" and to identify the structure of all the syntaxes. This study permitted to discover the changes which took place between 11 and 17 century. It shows also an intelligent use of a sentence must be made when correlating a proposition with another. It clearly shows also that the middle age authors excessively used the word correlation and this has frequently different meaning from its modern usage
Ebrahim, Mohamed Adel Tewfiq. "Problématique de l'individualisation de l'enseignement de la grammaire : le cas des apprenants de FLE à l'université de Minia (Egypte)". Grenoble 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002GRE39003.
Texto completoEssien, Margaret M. "Etude de quelques opérateurs de la grammaire ibibio en contraste avec l'anglais et le français". Paris 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA030159.
Texto completoOur study aims at singling out some major principles underlying the functioning of the nominal and verbal systems of ibibio, english and french, with a view to contributing to scholarship in the area of foreign language teaching, and elaborating general language theories. For this purpose, our study is carried out within the framework of the metaoperational theory put forward by professor henri adamczewski. In the first chapter, we present the ibibio language; its sociolinguistic context, its speakers, its phonology and its morphosyntax, and we lay emphasis on features that distinguish it from english and french. The second chapter deals with the nominal group, particularly with the formation of nouns and with their actual use in discourse by means of determinants (keet, mfn, ami, ako, and ado) and quantifiers (mme, afit, uwak, and ubaak). Similar operations in english and french are also examined. The pronoun is also examined in this chapter and differences between the languages in this domain pointed out. The third chapter considers the verbal group. The elements of this group team up with the verb to a predicative relation. In this sphere, ibibio distinguishes itself from english and french by the fact that some of tis predicative elements are tonal in nature. In conclusion, it would appear that a better understanding of the functioning of ibibio is a requirement for the effective learning of french and other languages by speakers of ibibio
Santin-Guettier, Anne-Marie. "Etude contrastive de quelques operateurs d'iteration". Paris 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA03A123.
Texto completoThe chief iterators analysed in this research work are "again", "encore", "deja", "always", "toujours", "jamais", and particularly the operator "ever". Within the scope of the metaoperational theory, our goal is to explain the linguistic phenomena observed in contemporary english and french. Three centres of interest are prominent : the operational weight inherent in each iterator, the workings of each iterator in context, as well as the sense effects arising from the combination of those two factors
Barrier, Nicolas. "Une méta-grammaire des adjectifs du français : une application aux TAG". Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA070038.
Texto completoMetagrammars have helped reduce the development time of a tree adjoining grammar by taking advantage of a factorization of syntactic information, based on the use of a multiple inheritance network. Intuitively, the idea is to automatically combine multiple tree sketches in order to define elementary trees designing TAG families. The work we describe in our thesis is intended to enrich the wide coverage Tree Adjoining Grammar developed for the French language [Abeille, 1991, 2002]. So far, MGs have been used to develop grammars for main verbs [Candito, 1999] or predicative nouns [Barrier, 2006]. It was relevant to show the adequacy of MGs for phenomenes whose features are more complex than the verbal System proper. In this thesis, we recall the theoretical issues and problems that often come with the use of metagrammars. We then present the solutions we've sketched. We therefore begin by deeply reviewing the general organization of a metagrammar compiler, and then present the extensions we have proposed
Soyoye, Festus Ayodeji. "Etude contrastive des systèmes verbaux du Yoruba et du Français". Paris 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA030027.
Texto completoThe contrastive analysis proper is preceeded by the basic principles and the linguistic and contrastive theoretical presuppositions as well as a socio-linguistic presentation of the two linguistic communities we take as verb, any element which expresses an action and at the same time, can play the role of predicate in a simple sentence. Unlike that of french, the yoruba verb has a simple morphological structure that can be represented as cv (cv). As the description of a grammatical category can not be complete without talking about the morphemes with which it has special semantic and syntactic affinities, chapters 2 and 3 deal with the relationships between the verbs of the two languages and the categories of aspect and tense as well as the marks gender and persons. Apart from the universal function of predicate, the yoruba verb as well as that of french, can fill adjectival as well as nominal functions in sentences. The most important difference between the verbs of the two languages, as far as syntactic roles are concerned, lies in the fact that the yoruba verb can play prepositionnal as well as deictic roles as found in serial verb constructions
Basanj, Danial. "Pour une grammaire du sens en FLE". Strasbourg, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STRA1039.
Texto completoOur project is summarized as follows: To present didactic issues of the use of a semantic grammar within the framework of training the French teachers and teaching the french language in Iran. To present a semantic grammar, according to a onomasiological approach on the basis of the principal semantic notions (general semantic categories, speech acts, etc) essential to the teaching-training of French foreign language and organizing the presentation of the processes of their linguistic expression; Development of the activities of teaching-Ieaming of French foreign language formatting knowledge to be taught founded on the semantic grammar
Yune, Sok-Man. "Contribution à la construction d'une "grammaire onomasiologique" du français : de l'évènement aux énoncés". Paris 4, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA040167.
Texto completoThe aim of this thesis is mainly to examine and to discuss theoretical bases of what can be called a "semantic or notional grammar" of a natural language. Such a grammar takes as decisive criteria not linguistic forms (morpho-syntax) but sentence production mecanisms by the speaker (enunciator). For this purpose, the sentence production mecanisms are first caracterized within the framework of the enunciation model (performance model) of b. Pottier. Special attention is given to the idea that what the speaker puts into linguistic signs is an abstract and global message elaborated as the result of mental representation called "conceptualization" taking place at the moment of each enunciation. The operation of conceptualization which b. Pottier considers as being practically independant of a particular linguistic system is described as a set of choices of mental operations articulated at two levels : conceptual level i where the speak chooses an event as a base of mental representation and conceptual level ii where the speaker projects, on the event choosen at level i, different sorts of mental operations directly depending on his intentionnality (six categories assumed to be universal are distinguished : diathesis, actance, determination, aspect, time (tense) and modality). Once this theoretical approach is presented and justified, an application to french is put forward, especially for the diatheses operations
Deliktasli-Tahir, Nesrin. "Etude comparative des participes en turc et en français". Paris 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA030118.
Texto completoThe research that we present concerns the characteristics of the turkish language writen and oral confronted with the french writen and oral from the analysis of participles with the turkish ones and their equivalents in french. The participle in turkish has six suffixes that are added to the root of the verb (v -(y)en, v- dik, v-mis, v-(y)ecek, v-(y)esi, v-r). It has an adjectival use : it is then invariably, no other suffix comes to attach to the suffix of participle, and it is placed in frontof the name that it determines. It has also a nominal use : it is then endowed with suffixes peculiar to the name (marks of case, possessive suffixes) or the mark of plural -ler, (-lar), and it is placed in front of the group built by the main verb placed at the end of the utterance. It has finally a predicative use : it is then placed in frontof the marker of existential predicate(var/yok). The +anteposition; of the turkish participle is true to the typological order of this agglutinating language [determiner + determinatum]. The participle in french has not a so great regularity as the participle in turkish. It is advisable indeed to distinguish the present participle, characterized by the suffix "-ant", that retains its verb status (actantial construction, modalisation by an adverb), that is invariable, and that has a relative autonomy in the utterance. In case it determines a name, it is necessarily placed after this name, according to the typological order of french [determinatum + determiner]. Our study has considered also the problem of intonatives variations of the participles. This analysis of utterances producted in natural situations shows that the intonative level of participles in turkish takes place in general between the level h2-h3. We have examined successively the intonative characteristics of the present participle in -(y)en then of the passed participle in -dik and in -mi@ and finally of the future participle in -(y)ecek. The analysis and hypothesises that we have presented take into account of the intonative recurrent facts in two corpus collect. The intonative analysis of participles show three different cases : either the participle has a rising intonative curve in relation to the n that follows it, or the participle has a descending intonative curve in relation to the n or else the both have flat intonative curves
Kibar, Hüseyin. "Le système casuel en turc et son équivalent en français". Paris 4, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA040244.
Texto completoIn the first chapter, we researched the theories regarding the cases such as structuralist, generativist-transformationnalist and semanticologic. In the second chapter of our research, starting from the theories of turcologs, we tried to analyse the relationship of the cases, in the linguistic level, in Turkish and their equivalents in French. In the third and last chapter, in the conceptual level, we studied the case markings, following the onomasiologic method, in Turkish and their equivalents in French - where those equivalents are used as prepositions - for comparing those two above levels and to get linguistic and semantico-logic information. Finally, we tried to show the rules and teleonomic principles contained in the cases' system in Turkish through semantico-logic view
Pétry, Jean-Luc. "Le pronom "il" en traduction assistée par ordinateur : étude théorique". Metz, 1996. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/prive/UPVM_T_1996_Petry_Jean_Luc_LMZ9609.pdf.
Texto completoThe object of our research in linguistics was basically the identification process of the referent of french personal pronoun il. The process calls for a formalisation procedure in the perspective of computer-aided translation (CAT) systems. Consequently, this research is not a study on anaphora, even if this concept remains central to the investigation. The study refers essentially to the first stage of the CAT procedures : analysis. We examined il successively as an impersonal and personal pronoun, and tried to identify or rather "calculate" the right antecedent. The corpora used for experimentation were of two types : literary (Les mots by Jean-Paul Sartre) and legal / technical (Esprit Report published by the EEC Commission). The research is therefore primarily theoritical. The point was to investigate the possibility of elborating a grammar of logic or modular type, and a dictionnary or data base that could be used at a later stage by an expert system designed to identify automatically the right antecedent. The process had to leave no room to intuitive procedures that cannot be supported by CAT systems in current state-of-the-art conditions. As a consequence, operations can be validated only if formalisation is possible. However, some amount of knowledge can be integrated into the process. In short, the study can be considered as a contribution to some of the issues involved in the man-machine dialogue issue. The application of the model provided following results : il is properly identified as an impersonal pronoun in 96% cases and the antecedent of the personal pronoun is recognised in 95. 52 occurences. Various methods including quantitative analysis, knowledge representation in pragmatics, application of unification-based grammars, Discourse Representation Theory (DRT), lexical functions, pointed at interesting solutions to solve the remaining 5% ambiguous cases. The obvious follow-up to this study would consist in the writing of a program and an implementation of the data collected to check on the valididity of the results mentioned above
Chaput, Béatrice. "La question de l'acceptabilité en grammaire de corpus". Paris 4, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA040204.
Texto completoLee-Kim, Hae-Ran. "Etude de l'apprentissage du système pronominal français par des locuteurs de langue coréenne". Aix-Marseille 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX10089.
Texto completoThis study is an example of conjunction of an interlinguistic comparison and analysis of errors. The contrastive analysis of the expression of five categories which appear in pronouns (the person, the number, the gender, the animacy and the function) confirms that grammatical categorisation does not always square with semantic categorisation in a same language and they don't square one with another in two languages such as french and korean. Error analysis shows that the difficulties in learning french pronouns by korean people concern, for the most part, the general notional categories, essential composants of communication. The practice of french pronouns by koreans is a grammatical process, progressive and so different from that in the maternal language, of certain pragmatic intentions (designate or repeat) in the target language. It is in this point of view that we envisage the reexploration of the conclusions of the contrastive analysis and the error analysis and that we redefine the nature of the pedagogic intervention in the practive of french pronouns
Segond, Frédérique. "Grammaire catégorielle du français : étude théorique et implantation : le système GraCE (Grammaire Catégorielle Etendue)". Paris, EHESS, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990EHES0015.
Texto completoThe frame of this work is the categorial grammars model. Our goal is to use the categorial theory and build a french categorial parser (the GraCE system). First, we present the variou grammatical models (GPSG, ATN, Gross "lexique-grammaire"). Then we distincts currents in categorial grammars : the Lambek calculus models, the extended Lambek calculus models, the applicative grammar model. The rest of the work is our personal contribution in the domain. A theoretical part present our formal tools and a "practical" part presents the computing architecture. Some obtained parses are given at the end the thesis
Bramati, Alberto Giordano. "Les compléments prépositionnels des verbes français et italiens : problèmes théoriques et études contrastives". Aix-Marseille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX10013.
Texto completoBazara, Azmi. "Description et interprétation de la construction N°hum (E + être) adj (avec + mac a) N1hum en français et en arabe". Besançon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BESA1009.
Texto completoLee, Hee-Young. "L'auxiliation aspectuelle en coréen et en français". Paris 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA040056.
Texto completoThe aim of this dissertation is to elaborate certain notions concerning two major linguistic phenomena, namely auxiliation and aspect, and to apply them to the Korean and French predicate systems. The following question are addressed : how can a lexical verb be employed as a grammatical marker; is auxiliation motived by semantics of the verb; and what are the characteristics of the aspectual auxiliation in the two languages? In the first section, we present general theoretical issues on auxiliation and aspect. The aspectual categorizations of Korean and French are discussed using the analysis grid proposed by Dik (1989, 1997). Korean aspectual auxiliaries need the complex verbal construction [Vp-Aux], whereas French aspectual auxiliaries are formed periphrastically with an infinitive (with or without a preposition). In the second section, Korean aspectual auxiliaries are examined and compared to the French equivalents for various aspectual values (inchoative, progressive, continuative, resultative, terminative, iterative, and attemptive). The "superposition of markers" (cf. Lemaréchal 1989, 1997) seems to be able to explain the polyfunctionality of such auxiliaries. Each arguments, the semantic properties of the auxiliary, the connector (preposition or conjonctive suffix), the adverbs, etc The close interaction between different TAM categories (Tense-Aspect-Modality) is illustrated by the function of the relevant auxiliaries. From our observation, the majority of the Korean and French verbs show semantic continuity in their use as auxiliaries ( cf. The phenomenon of the persistence, Hopper 1991 ). It can be said that , in the course of grammaticalization, the verb retains a relatively abstracted version of its primary meaning in its auxiliary uses
Raby, Valérie. "La proposition dans la grammaire generale francaise (1660-1803)". Paris 7, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA070057.
Texto completoSimon, Christel. "La syntaxe du comparatif en russe moderne". Aix-Marseille 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX10091.
Texto completoStrnadová, Jana. "Les réseaux adjectivaux : sur la grammaire des adjectifs dénominaux en français". Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA070028.
Texto completoThis dissertation studies suffixal derivation of adjectives from nouns in French. I first present the data under investigation : a lexicon of about 15,000 adjectives, 40% of which may be considered denominal. In order to assess the position of denominal adjectives in the more general adjectival system, I present a classification of French adjectives on the basis of their morphological properties. In the process, I spot cases where the fringes of the class of denominals are unclear. In a second step, I present a study of the formai and semantic properties of a subset of denominal adjectives which is selected on the basis of the type frequency of formai patterns of alternation between base and derivative. I describe the phonological and morphological properties of base nouns. This leads to the observation of morphological niches, where the presence of a particular suffix in the base attracts a particular adjectival suffix. In addition, I show that one adjective may simultaneously entertain a derivational relation with more than one member of its morphological These observations finally lead me to question the view that derivation is binary and strictly oriented, and more specifically that each denominal adjective is associated with a unique base. I propose to analyze the formation of denominal adjectives in terms of cumulative patterns recording regularities that may be observed in a set of lexemes of any size. I thus show that adjectives participate in networks relying on more than two elements. At a more abstract level, I observe that patterns rely on sonne recurrent semantic relations
Wang, Xiuwen. "Analyse contrastive des structures syntaxiques du français et du chinois : la valence". Paris 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA030126.
Texto completoOur main purpose is to find an efficient methodology, in order to clarify a certain number of notions, often loaded with ambiguity, such as transitivity. When trying to specify the syntactic functions in both languages, we adopted a strategy relying upon a dependency gammar, akin to l. Tesniere's functonal grammar. We established a series of tests, whose purpose is to demonstrate each syntactic function's different behaviour in both languages. The main distinction we are looking for is following : some syntactical functions are " closely " linked to the verb (vc, for "verb complements"), while some stay "outside" the vc kernel (sc, for "sentence complements"). Hence we determined which testes, in each of both languages, would identify the functions. We observated that similar functions would have to be tested according to whether they were realized in french or in chinese. Such notions as "transitive" and or "intranitive" verb, "direct" and or "indirect" objet, "circumstant", as well as "prepositional phrase" were made explicit for each of both languages. Similarities between passive and factitive verb forms were also made clear
Schnitzer, Nathalie. "Le jeu de l'argumentation en allemand et en francais". Paris 4, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA040165.
Texto completoLê, Thi Xuyên. "Etude contrastive de l'intonation expressive en français et en vietnamien". Paris 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA030013.
Texto completoIn this study our aim has been to compare psychological and expressive intonation in french and vietnamese. In general the selected attitudes have been correctly identified in both languages: the french and vietnamese hearers are quite able to distinguish a large number of expressive intonations in their respective languages without context or situation. In french the fo value and the contour of the last syllable plays a more important role than any other parameter for the perception of attitudes. In vietnamese the recognition of attitudes improves if at least one syllable is particularly stressed; this makes it possible to say that it is rather intensity and duration which are the pertinent parameters
Oliviéri, Michèle. "Phénomènes et mécanismes de pronomonalisation en français". Nice, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NICE2035.
Texto completoThis work is a critical and methodological approach of the pronominal complement clitics in french. After a synthesis of non generativist descriptions and analysises, such as those of snadfeld, tesniere, moignet and blanche-benveniste, th et study deals more particularly with the generative grammar in its different stages. From standard theory to government and binding theory, this dissertation has the aim of showing the successive contributions brought by each theoretical f ramework, and how chomsky's theories, in their constant evolution, account for complex mechanisms such as those related to this kind of pronouns. Chomskyan analysises are also compared with other approaches, in particular blanche-benveniste 's proposal, with the purpose of demonstrating that they are closely related, in spite of quite different formalizations
Ditcheva-Nikolova, Malinka. "La double justification - sémantique et prosodique - de la place de l'adjectif épithète. Le cas du français et du bulgare". Paris 7, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA070073.
Texto completoThe model called bipolar provides a general principle to explain not only the position, in modern French, of an attributive adjective with respect to the noun which it modifies, but also the arrangement of several adjectives inside the noun phrase, with the result that its interest extend to any language, like Bulgarian, where the anteposition is constant. This model lends itself to graphic representation, as well as to analytical statement. Its justification lies in the fact that a subtle linguistic competence on the matter is easily gained not only by the native speakers, but also by Bulgarian students of French. As for the traditional grammatical rules that describe the distributional properties of French attributive adjectives, one is, sometimes, faced with a situation where "the lever is heavier than the burden". The model functions for a rather high number of adjectives pertaining to various semantic classes. It allows, for example, to determine the order, in relation with the node lines, of two adjectives (for example, "important" and "économique") in a noun phrase, from a relative evaluation of the ratio situational value vs. Referential value for each adjective. .
Kinouchi, Yoshiyuki. "Cas syntaxique et cas sémantique en français et en japonais". Paris 8, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA081595.
Texto completoBilbiie, Gabriela. "Grammaire des constructions elliptiques : une étude comparative des phrases sans verbe en roumain et en français". Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA070118.
Texto completoIn this dissertation, I propose a grammar fragment which accounts for the main properties of two elliptical constructions ('lacking' for the verbal head) called gapping (la) and verbless relative adjuncts (therefore, VRA) (Ib) respectively. (1) a/ Jean aime les pommes [et Marie les bananes]. Jean likes apples and Maria bananas b/ Plusieurs personnes sont venues cette semaine, [dont Marie (hier)]. Several people have corne this week, among which Marie yesterday We mainly argue for the fact that elliptical clauses in gapping and VRA constructions don't behave as regular verbal clauses. Their syntactic and semantic properties don't provide evidence for deriving this kind of elliptical clause from a complete clause. An analysis in terms of syntactic reconstruction of the missing material is therefore inadequate. Thus, the elliptical clause in both constructions (gapping and VRA) has a specific syntactic behaviour and must be assigned an independent status in the grammar, more precisely the status of a fragmentary clause, that is a syntactic unit having a propositional content of message type, but an incomplete syntax. This dissertation gives new arguments in favor of a semantic reconstruction with parallelism constraints, cf. Ginzburg & Sag (2000), Culicover & Jackendoff (2005)