Tesis sobre el tema "Français historique"
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Stumpf, Béatrice. "Lexicographie et lexicologie historique du français". Phd thesis, Université Nancy II, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00502081.
Texto completoDrouvot, Laurent. "Etude historique du droit antiterroriste français depuis 1986". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023TOUL0160.
Texto completoSince the law of September 9, 1986 on terrorism, the French public authority has adopted a very unique law to fight against a phenomenon that will be described as recurrent in French history. It was, through such a law at the time of its vote in any case to defeat the terrorist phenomenon and this at a time of political tension that it weighed on the State at the origin of this legislative creation. Tt should be noted that the law indicated was situated in a purely judicial perspective offering both a completely rigorous device in repression and also a form of benevolence if we judge by the existence of it device aimed at repentants. Both the police and the jurisdictional phase have been equipped with this law with a now robust legal apparatus capable of stemming the terrorist threat. The interest in studying the aspect of the fight against terrorism since the creation of this matrix law on which the study is based makes it possible to list after it the assertion of large number of anti-terrorist laws which have undoubtedly remodeled the vision on matter. Thus, to a system at tq.e base of its purely judicial creation and above all eminently retrospective, the evolution of the terrorist phenomenon and especially the culture of the martyr particularly in the evolution of terrorism of Middle Eastern origin, to direct the legislator under the weight dramatic events to focus more and more on the preventive aspect of the threat. This is how surreptitiously the pre-judicial phase grew to anticipate the phenomenon and where intelligence therefore flourished.Indeed, many laws have evolved towards the pre-offence aspect in order to be able to stem events even before they occur. Such a development is not neutral in guaranteeing respect for the public freedoms due to citizens, even though legislative activism on the subject does not seem to suffer from any criticism of Caesarism since it is a question of guaranteeing the protection of the people against indiscriminate violence. Such an evolution will know its consecration with the reactivation of the law of April 3, 1955 relating to the state of emergency which, at the time of Sunni terrorism which recently rocked the French nation, will lead to multiple extensions of such a derogatory regime for the management of civil liberties with all its corollaries of restrictions. The law of October 30, 2017 will then crown this return of administrative law to the fight since it will enshrine technical elements of the state of emergency in common law. The occurrence shortly after of the health crisis will greatly disrupt French democratic life in a state of permanent stress on a subject this time health of restrictions of publie freedoms once again, we will see decision-making on this subject in outside Parliament with the Defense Council. Thus, the fight against terrorism today has two paths, on the one hand the judicial aspect when the act took place as at the time of the matrix law but on the other hand above all the administrative path when it is a question of seeking the risk of a terrorist act. Both of these laws are subject to conventional and Europea law control, a situation guaranteeing a form of protection for citizens. This protection provided by what is referred to as the rule of law is currently being criticized at a time when governments are in precarious phases and have taken a liking tc sui generis legislation
Raby, Valérie. "La proposition dans la grammaire generale francaise (1660-1803)". Paris 7, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA070057.
Texto completoBudzinski, Laure. "Étude historique et étymologique de la terminologie linguistique française". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0272/document.
Texto completoA research on the etymology and history of linguistics terminology will provide an important gain in historical and etymological knowledge. This gain concerning the description of particular scientific terms has broader implications: improved knowledge on the coining process of the linguistics vocabulary, as well as indications about the possible consequences that a massive progress of the description of an important portion of the internationalisms could have on the etymological sub-discipline itself. This thesis also contributes to a methodological progress in a weak area of the etymological science, a progress all the more significant as it is crucial to our understanding of the current functioning of lexical creation in French. An outstanding characteristic of this thesis is that it lays at the intersection of several fields, covering lexicology (and lexicography, since it encompasses a section devoted to lexicographical entries), terminology (since the subject of these articles is linguistic terms) and etymology. Furthermore, the philological aspect of this research is important because the work on the beginning of the existence of terms led us to analyze various types of texts belonging to different periods. We then exploit the new data offered by the lexicographical entries in order to provide a synthetic view of the constitution of the French linguistics terminology
Shin, O. Sik. "La catégorie adverbiale dans les grammaires du 17e et du 18e siècles". Montpellier 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON30011.
Texto completoWith the notion of syntax introduced by the grammarians of port-royal and exploited by the 18th century philosophical grammarians, the adverbial category acquires its own meaning and becomes distinguished from the adverbial function. This evolution would not have been possible without the contribution of fragmentary but judicious reflexions developed by the former pedagogical grammarians
Guay, Thérèse. "L'adaptation orthographique des anglicismes lexématiques au Québec, perspective historique". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ49098.pdf.
Texto completoNore, Françoise. "Morphologie dérivationnelle et diachronie : étude de deux recueils argotiques des XVIe et XVIIe siècles : application au lexique construit contemporain". Paris 10, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA100020.
Texto completoThe study examines first certain operators used in the creation of slang complex units but badly identified in their operation. One of the aims of this study is to establish a rigorous typology of these formants and to refine the knowledge already acquired in the delimitation of the lexical base and of the elements present in complex units. It is noticed however that the morphological and phonological rules cannot explain in synchrony the form of all complex slang items. It is thus proposed to articulate derivational morphology with diachrony and philology in order to examine the various formal and semantic states of the studied items. The corpus, made up of two slang works of the XVIth and the XVIIth centuries, allows to consider the extent of the lexical evolutions. The second objective consists in showing the need of a new approach which, linking the data resulting from philological and diachronic research and those obtained by derivational morphology, makes it possible to account for the quasi entirety of the built slang lexicon. This method proposes to examine slang items by grouping them in paradigmatic fields, sets of unities entering a common notional field and presenting morphological similarities. It is whereas noted that the quasi totality of this lexicon can be included in various networks of items having mutual influences in their semantisms, their phonologies and their morphologies. The knowledge of the old derivational diagrams and the interactions between items allows an enlightened comprehension of the contemporary modes of formation of slang lexemes
Gouriou, Fabien. "Psychopathologie et migration : repérage historique et épistémologique dans le contexte français". Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00288084.
Texto completoZonza, Christian Barthélémy. "La nouvelle historique classique de 1657 à 1703". Paris 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA040201.
Texto completoIn the middle of the seventeenth century, the novel became the target of criticisms concerning its implausibilities and its tedious developments. At the same time, history itself bred doubts as to its capacity to tell the truth : language was hardput to express reality, the historian being subjective and biased. The historical short story thus benefited from the joint difficulties of both genres and sitted in with an aesthetics of brievity and unity, akin to history writing. Not only did it copy the style of that former genre but it also tried to mimic its functioning, bye imagining that the root of all important events laid in very trivial and gallant causes. While staging an ideology in which gallantery and heroi͏̈sm were closely interwoven, doubtesly well-appreciated by those to whom it was dedicated -ie the nobility-, the short story also explained the reasons which had led to the loss of power of the nobility, since from then history was ruled bye the arbitrary. Often presented as a moral work whose aim was to show the havoc wreaked by passion, the historical short story nevertheless aroused numerous criticisms and controversies from people who disapprouved of this blend of fiction and truth
Sanfaçon, Gaétan. "Les historiens français et la recherche historique allemande de 1865 à 1914". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29261.
Texto completoPourin, Delphine. "Etude phonologique déclarative des semi-voyelles du français : aspects synchroniques et diachroniques". Nantes, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NANT3016.
Texto completoChehabi, Lediascorn Soubhi. "Phonologie diachronique du français et du castillan : diphtongues et diphtongaisons : une approche déclarative". Nantes, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NANT3028.
Texto completoThe subject of this thesis is the phonologic diachronic analysis of factors in play in the diphthongization of vowels in French and in Castilian in the frame of declarative phonology. The combinations among vowels, semivowels and semiconsonantals are the essential of our work. The axis of this thesis is the three position rythmic pattern (Angoujard, 1997) and construing of sonorous segments and elements (Kaye, Lowenstamm & Vergnaud, 1985). Each segment analysed has been described in the shape of constraints and integrated in a strict aproach by principles and parameters. The thesis consists in two clearly differenciated parts: in the first we introduce several general aspects and sometimes innovatives in the field of diachronic phonology and in the second we have applied it to the study of diphthongization
Debono, Marc. "Construire une didactique interculturelle du français juridique : approche sociolinguistique, historique et épistémologique". Thesis, Tours, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TOUR2008.
Texto completoThis thesis explores the idea of integrating a cross-cultural approach into the teaching-learning process of legal French. Focused on the foreign student public who are studying Law in France, this work constitutes a contribution to French for Academic Purposes. The didactic questions raised here are backed up by a thorough “putting into perspective” of sociolinguistic, historic and epistemic factors : clarifying the manner in which “Linguistics” and “Law” are articulated to each other allows to better understand the relative difficulty of setting up a cross-cultural teaching program of legal French. In order to (re)introduce this cross-cultural dimension, it would seem appropriate to start with certain formerly-established hermeneutic propositions in Law and Language Sciences. The cross-cultural hermeneutics developed in this work aims at improving the preparation and accompaniment of foreign students’ integration, by proposing a truly relationist perspective
Collier, Anne-Claire. "Le moment français du postcolonial : pour une sociologie historique d’un débat intellectuel". Thesis, Paris 10, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA100045.
Texto completoThis work articulates the circulation and translation of the trajectories of postcolonial studies in France. Proposing both semasiological and onomasiological analyses of the postcolonial term, this thesis intends to show how a new interpretation of the social world rise and spread. A complex and conceptual overlapping emerges where the notions of “idéal républicain”, universalism, multiculturalism, “identité nationale” and discrimination are related. This work outlines the conditions of possibility of this new semantic through the analysis of three areas: political, scientific and intellectual. It demonstrates how themes, prior confined in specific social areas, tends to gradually overlap at the beginning of 2000’s. The analysis of the year 2005, as a turning point in the exposure of this topic, highlights the creation of translation areas: new journals, publishing houses and outlines the various trajectories of translators. Finally, this work propose a cartography of the controversy generated following the reception of the term postcolonial in France through the analysis of its scenes, its spatialization and its argumentative patterns
Spéry, Laurent. "Historique et mise à jour de données géographiques : application au cadastre français". Avignon, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AVIG1020.
Texto completoMartineau, Maude. "Les pronoms relatifs : variation historique? : usage des pronoms relatifs en français à l'époque de la Nouvelle-France". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26732.
Texto completoThis study aims to describe the usage of French relative pronouns by writers from the New France period in order to verify whether the variation attested in modern French was already present in French from the 17th and 18th centuries. To do so, the norm and usage of the relative pronouns in modern and historic French was thoroughly described. A corpus search was also conducted (MCVF corpus, annotated with syntactic tags, Martineau and colleagues, 2005-2010), which includes texts from three different writers from France and Canada (Marie-Andrée Regnard Duplessis, François Gendron and Marie Morin). The analysis of 2521 occurrences reveals that the usage of the writers is consistent with attested uses and descriptions found in metalinguistic sources on historic usage. We conclude that the relative pronoun systems in modern and historical French are similar. The variation heard in modern French was already present at that time, and was even slightly more significant.
Petrequin, Gilles. "Le "Dictionnaire françois" de P. Richelet (Genève, 1679/1680) : étude de métalexicographie historique". Lyon 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LYO31007.
Texto completoIn 1680 was printed in Geneva (J. H. Widerhold) the first edition of P. Richelet's Dictionnaire françois. This lexicon is the first French monolingual dictionary and therefore it plays a prominent part in the description of the seventeenth century language. This study aims to replace the Dictionnaire françois in its historical and lexicographical context, and focuses on practical as well as theoretical metalexicography. First the genesis of the book is recalled and several questions about the material bibliography of the first edition are mentioned. Then the main informational fields which structure the majority of articles are studied, each of these fields being compared with the main primary sources of the time, either grammatical or lexicographical. The work ends with a brief outline of the first reception of the Dictionnaire françois
Louÿs, Gilles. "Des romans inachevés : étude historique et structurale". Paris 8, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA081400.
Texto completoThis is a historical, descriptive and typological study of unfinished french novels from the middle ages to the twentieth century, through a corpus of examples and an analysis limited to the unfinished or incomplete narratives of stendhal and giono (566 indexed titles in all). Noting the absence of a unambiguous concept of'unfinishdness', various criteria are adressed by which unfinished novels might be identified within the broader class of incomplete narratives, which are particularly numerous in the 17th and 18 centuries, inviting a study of how authors dealt with the problem of arbitrary nature of endings. The study goes on to analyse forms of unfinishedness, and their impact, in the work of stendhal and giono, and concludes in appraising such infinished and incomplete works in the light of the expectations set up by the narrative tradition. Research into different types of incompleteness suggests a distinction between (a) unfinished novels in the primary sense ; (b) fragmentary works ; (c) inconclusive cycles and romances ; (d) closed infinitely-expanding works ; (e) traces of the creative act (sketches, notes, outlines of planned works). Historically, the process leads to normalisation : with the inconclusive novels of the 17th and 18th centuries, and the open-ended narratives of the 20th, the lack of an ending ceases to be an exceptional feature, although their frequency does not challenge the paradigm of the concordant ending as a characteristic of the narrative tradition according to kermode and ricoeur. Morever, a study of the fate of unfinished works (posthumous continuations, reconstructive editions, critical readings offering explanations for the unfinished state of the work) shows that the ideal of completeness and coherence continues to shape contemporary expectations of fiction, even though the teleological conception of narrative in no way exhausts the variety of realisations of the novel as a genre
Li, Jinjia. "Le Liaozhai zhiyi en français (1880-2004) : étude historique et critique des traductions". Paris 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA030027.
Texto completoThe Liaozhai zhiyi (Strange chronicles from Leisure Studio) by Pu Songling (1640-1715) is one of the works of classical Chinese literature most translated into French. This dissertation studies, in a comparative framework, the twenty-two translations of Pu Songling's work into French that have been published since the end of the 19th century. After drawing up a complete inventory of these translations, published either in book form or in periodicals, the argument focuses on the relationship between these different versions, their continuities and discontinuities, providing an account of how Pu Songling's masterpiece was introduced to French readers. The following parts are detailed studies of concrete translation and adaptation techniques and devices. Based on a large range of examples, they highlight certain recurring features of French translations of Liaozhai zhiyi. These features are subsequently examined as to their representative nature within the wider field of Sino-French literary translations. In order to clarify the theoretical assumptions inherent in the critical readings of translations, these readings are examined against the background of various fundamental aesthetic and literary problems, which inform our understanding of translation as a particular mode of transforming human discourse
Mosca, Alessandra. "Terminologie grammaticale comparative et historique du français et de l'italien : Autour de l'adjectif". Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA070007.
Texto completoThis work investigates the field of the grammatical terminology by comparing two terminological systems : the french one and the italian one. Our analysis is based on a double hypothesis: on one side, we think that the grammatical term is connected to the linguistic item that it designes; on the other side, the term may depend on an ideological choice which can be independent from the language system. We corroborate our hypothesis by a comparative and historical approach. The analysis of the terms determinants/articoli and aggettivi determnativi are supposed to show the connexion between terminology and language systems, while the opposition between attribut and attributo, which are false friends, should be taken as an example of the influence exerced by the ideological context on terminological choices. We consider grammars written between the beginning of the sixteenth century and 1910, when the first official terminologie grammaticale of french appeared
Durand, Bénédicte. "Les historiens français et la géographie (1950-1995)". Paris 4, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA040230.
Texto completoIn France, geography and history are closely linked. At the end of the last century geography became an autonomous subject of education. Nevertheless, until today, this science is essentially delivered in colleges by teachers having a historian basic formation. So, due to the consideration they allow it and according to the discourse of historical geography they send to their students - the most of them will become teachers of history and geography - historians share responsibility in the way that French geography is expressed. Geography is often misunderstood by most of French historians. They are embarrassed with its developments. The majority of French historians have an archaic idea of geography. The image of geographical subject they reproduce doesn't authorize to build a clear view of geography identity in the mind of their readers or their students. Such a situation which has been confirmed between 1950 and 1995 may damage the quality of geography professed by teachers of history and geography mainly educated as historians
Al-Shatti, Mohammed. "Etude sociolinguistique des locutions verbales, nominales et adverbiales construites à partir du lexeme "feu"". Paris 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA030174.
Texto completoThe semantic fields look into the french lexeme "feu" puts in obviousness its evolution showing how changes reverberate on a great number of locutions listed in switchboard dictionaries and also on the adaptation of new perspectives to the lexicographical reorganization of its semes. Owing to changes affecting the referents and the knowledge we assert besides them, semantic and diachronic mutations related to "feu" also behave in the forms of fixed locutions but new semes. In the regional variety and through out the french-speaking area, "feu" behaves differently by acquiring particular semes not attested in the standard language and to which are associated many regionalisms. In fact, linguistic mutations of "feu" and the locutions whose justification lays on spatial variation phenomenon are equivalent to those whose justification is found in the temporal change. On a morpho-syntactic viewpoint, locutions are considered as unilateral and bilateral expansion facts whose nuclei contain "feu". The variation of these expansions indicate the various place of the term in the statement and expresses all grammatical functions. On the historical axis, the various semes of "feu" justify it was opened to the evolution of the world and the social changes. Many extra-linguistic factors interfere in the creation of new concepts, and consequently of new locutions, and thus play significant roles as to the linguistic changes. Geographically, "feu" reacts differently following regions and french speaking areas in which lots of human and non human factors are involved in words creation or linguistic changes. Because of social transformations, divergences are evident between the regional variety of the french which are disappearing and the french speaking areas varieties in the way of officialization. In this framework, it is important to indicate the equality between the linguistic values of each locution at the potential level, and also the inequality in the usage are regards to the "social protection" some are credited. Thus quebec claim to defend the local french variety redynamises locutions already engaged in oblivion where they first came out, or those who, in other parts in the world are almost entirely no more in usage, when but archaisms
Lecherbonnier, Bernard. "Francophonie et surréalisme : la chair du verbe : historique, dialectique, éthique, poétique, herméneutique des surréalistes de langue française". Paris 4, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA040224.
Texto completoHistory : subjects studied : surrealist writings in the French language in Europe, the American continent including the west indies, and the near east, from 1924 to 1960. Approach: history of French-language surrealist movements outside France, their development and their relation to the surrealist movement in France. Specific topics examined: magic art; the surreal in black African art ; the cobra movement. Dialectic: the influence of Hegel on Breton’s thought. Dialectic used in texts. The study of four fundamental surrealist texts in French : Cahier d'un retour au pays natal (the journal of a return to the homeland) (Césaire) ; Refus global (global denial) (Borduas) ; dialectique de la dialectique (the dialectic of dialectic) (Luca and Trost) ; Ma revolution (my revolution) (Chazal) ; the conflict of dialectic in surrealism (Hegel and Marx) in surrealism. Ethics: the question of individual ethics: revolt and catharsis (Gauvreau, Giguere), the problem of action and political involvement, revolutionary surrealism (Henault, Chavee, Henein), surrealist ethics towards a liberating poetry (Césaire). Poetics: definition of poetics as a dialectic of speech and life, surrealist poetics and the question of language. Two facets of surrealist poetics: combinational poetry (Belgian), automaticist poetry (Gauvreau). Study of shapes meaning in Gauvreau and Nouge. Hermeneutics: definition of hermeneutics as interpretation of a double meaning text. The conflict between hermeneutics and surrealism; psychoanalysis phenomenology, semiology semantics. The main question: the process of the transfert of meaning (metaphors). Work in terms of resemblances and analogies. The hermeneutics approach of Césaire and Chazal. Surrealism and the question of ontology. Surrealism and Heidegger
Beaupré, Nicolas. "Les écrivains combattants français et allemands de la Grande Guerre (1914-1920), essai d'histoire comparée". Paris 10, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA100119.
Texto completoCombettes, Bernard. "Recherches sur l'ordre des éléments de la phrase en moyen français". Nancy 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN21004.
Texto completoFrom a pool of nine texts of the fifteenth century (narrative and historical texts), one establishes three chronological stages. The change of basic word order from theme-verb to subject-verb-object is studied in independant clauses and subordinate clauses. For this study, we adopt the methodological framework of the functional sentence perspective, which correlates the syntactic level with the thematic level. It is possible to analyse the development of verbobject order taking into account three principal types of subordinate clauses : relative clauses, adverbial clauses, conjonctive clauses. We try to establish a correlation bet
Berthier, Danielle. "Le roman historique pour le jeunesse en France au XIXe siècle". Artois, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ARTO0001.
Texto completoThis work tries to explain the way how the historical novel for children appeared and evolved during the nineteenth century. Moral novels appeared within the “Œuvres des bons livres” and with the Catholic publishers who created collections specialised in moral education. Historical novels turned “classical” novels were considered at this time as subversive and were published for the youth rarely and with a great number of precautions. To tell history in a novel – as Augustin Thierry did for example - was badly considered among educational circles, even if the romantic movement and the taste for history were finally victorious. The first youth historical novels told about the Middle Ages and the chivalrous ideal: this ideal applied to the Revolutionary period. Successive political régimes played a part in the development of the genre, fostering some ideologies and practices. Many books had a great longevity, as one can see in the general editorial production of the time. The appearance of the idea of Prehistory, coinciding with the establishment of the Republic, was the ground of a new look upon the past. However, one can say that the past was dealt with during the century in a stable way, born with the divergent trends resulting from the French Revolution
Yoo, Jusung. "La formation historique des organes d’enquête criminelle en Corée du Sud : l’influence du droit français". Thesis, Paris 10, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA100208/document.
Texto completoEach Country has its own system of criminal investigation, with its own historical and cultural evolution. Despite major changes in Korean society during the twentieth century such as Japanese colonization (1910-1945), division between the north and south of the country (1945), Korean War (1950-1953), the establishment of a military dictatorship by coup d’état(1961), and so on. Korea became a democratic country, continuing even today to democratize its society to remove remnants of past systems that are always present. One of the important points of this democratization is the reform of the judicial system to make the country more just and restore the confidence of the Korean people in it. To understand the current situation, it is necessary to present the evolution of criminal investigation system in Korea throughout its history, particularly the historical formation of the public prosecutors’ service and the national police as the criminal investigative agencies. Also we have to note the importance, for this subject, of Japanese law and French law, because the Korean criminal investigative system is a system strongly influenced by the judicial system of the both foreign countries. However, it is not possible to find a direct influence of French law in the legal history of Korea because Korean law has just borrowed the institutional concepts from French law under the influence of Japanese law (who had adopted the French law to modernize its judicial system during the Meiji period) during the Japanese colonization. Thus, there are some traditional conceptions of French institution in the current Korean system, centralization and hierarchy. The Korean police and the public prosecutors’ service, which are the two main organizations are responsible for dealing with criminal cases, are centralized and they also have hierarchical relationships between them
Berty, Valérie. "Les récits de voyage français en Orient au XIXe siècle : un essai de typologie historique". Paris, EHESS, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995EHES0314.
Texto completoBeghache, Porsan Nassera. "Santé et détention : le cas français : singularité historique et protection juridique dans le milieu carcéral". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA080022.
Texto completoUnder the Old Regime, physical suffering was an essential element of punishment. The detainees were kept in captivity for the purpose of reparation of their fault for the purpose of amendment. Since deprivation of liberty is characterized by cruelty and unhealthy conditions of detention, medicine in prisons has long been considered as "an extra soul" of the prison institution and relegated to the rank of "deputy doctor" by the entire medical field because of its submission to the administration.It is in this conception of punishment that the 1789 Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, which states that the law must establish only those penalties that are strictly necessary, is part of this concept. At the beginning of the 20th century, the prison administration still treats its prisoners. This led to real psychological and health disasters, as the doctor depended on prison and non-health institutions. Until the Liberation, the history of health and the health professions in prison is marked by a profound continuity that is expressed, first of all through a continuous opposition between the expression of philanthropy in reforms and the confrontation with an austere reality of health in a totalitarian prison. The autonomy of those in charge of health in prison is hardly guaranteed. Prisons are still exempt from the great sanitary and hygienic revolutions.The appearance of the AIDS virus and pathologies is changing mentalities. Between the 1970s and 1980s, a movement emerged from a civil society demanding respect for human rights, while scientific and political developments, as well as political and prison developments, gradually revealed the limits of this new organization: the affirmation of a chronically poor administration, whose care is certainly not its primary mission, relegates the whole system to the bottom of a poverty funnel, while the first epidemiological approaches point to an over-morbidity in this population in terms of age, particularly in terms of infectious, addictive and dental diseases
Oulad, Benarafa Abdel-Illah. "La notion de terreur et de terrorisme en arabe et en français : étude historique et comparative". Paris 4, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA040329.
Texto completoOur aim in this doctoral thesis is to study the concept of terrorism in arabic and french. This thesis as a lexicological study undertaken in the field of discourse analysis, aims at showing the semantic fields characterizing the dictionaries and the vocabulary of press discourse. Each word is characterized by its relations with other words in the same semantic field. By grouping the terms wich have neighbouring features, the semantic field may be established. A detailed study of derivation and roots in arabic leads us to show how the meaning is encapsulated in the consonontal skeleton and how this remains in all the derivative forms. Our aim is to extract the first nucleus of meaning encapsulated in the root. A diachronic study of the concept in french leads us to show when and jow this concept appears with the revolution of 1789. Two competitive theories are confronted in this study : the prototype theory and the necessary and siffucient conditions theory
Pelletier, Sylvie. "Conscience de classe, conscience historique et tradition révolutionnaire dans les autobiographies d'ouvriers français du XIXe siècle". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29361.
Texto completoDe, bollivier Marc. "La campagne de Crimée à travers les témoignages des militaires russes et français : essai d’anthropologie historique". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALH011.
Texto completoThe Crimean campaign was the main theatre of operations in what used to be called the Eastern War. First major European conflict since the end of the Napoleonic Wars and the last military confrontation between France and Russia, the Crimean War has been studied and appreciated in very different ways by historians of the different nations that took part in it: the Russian historiography of this conflict is thus highly developed, whereas in France, academics and amateur historians have barely studied this first victory of the Second Empire. Testimonies from French and Russian combatants are the common denominator of those studies, therefore, they will be at the heart of our study. Heirs of veterans of the Napoleonic Wars and steeped in romantic culture, these men also experienced the beginnings of a military revolution that lastingly transformed the art of war in Europe. On both sides of Sevastopol walls No Man’s land, these men told the story of their campaign in Crimea, a campaign of fighting, glory, comradeship and exchanges between enemies, but also of disease, suffering and death. It is also the very representation of this war that could sometimes be questioned, between the quest for adventure, patriotic or religious duty and disillusionment in the face of an unforeseen siege war
Julien, Dimitri. "Les voix de l'histoire : polyphonie du récit historique français dans la première moitié du XIXe siècle". Thesis, Lille 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL3H001/document.
Texto completoThe history’s narrative has been deeply shaked during the first half of the nineteenth century. The historical narrative have to meet new challenges and make a new historiography to institute a modern and a scientific discipline : history. Therefore writers of this period form an historical narrative which includes new democratic procedures for the management of politics : historian have not only to talk about history, but have also to get the voices of history heard, past’s voices as well as contemporary’s. History becomes a communication. In other words, voices don’t only have to get heard : they have to interact each others through time. Like a parliament, times communicate each others and lead the narrative to make a polyphonic history, in which the narrative and auctorial instance – which, in the past, led the rhythm and the coherence of the narrative – stretch themselves. Therefore history weaks itself to become more listenable. The history’s narrative of the first half of the nineteenth century becomes thus a wide laboratory for historians to experiment new narrative devices of a democratic history
De, Surmont Jean-Nicolas. "Contribution sémasiologique et néologique à l'étude des phénomènes chansonniers franco-français et québécois : unité et diversité : étude théorique et historique". Paris 10, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA100056.
Texto completoThe present work aims to create a working vocabulary useful for the progress of the research in relation with the theoretical study of the objet-chanson. In this aspect, it tries to conceptualise the objet-chanson and lexemes of chanson's morpholexical family in a historical approach of Franco-French and Quebec culture. Due to the relative variety of objects, the denomination chanson would become inefficient whereas the use of phénomène chansonnier is more able to give the subjective dimension of naming, the perception of objects, and encompass the studies on song-culture as well as the lyrics themselves. This epistemological perspective is sustained by a dynamic vision of the lexicon history inspired by M. Bouveret et L. Guilbert. The corpora used is composed of written texts (linguistics corpora), in which the vocabulary in context is materialise, giving, sometimes, informations on the status occupied by mediators of the phénomènes chansonniers and the authors in the musical and literary field. I've also considered theoretical thought on the signs used to naine those phenomenon (metalinguistic corpora). Approximatively 400 linguistic and thematic dictionaries and 900 works (literary work (including essays on song, lyrics, novels, etc. ) and linguistic monographies and articles from the corpora. The study of the comportment of lexical units allows the relationship between linguistic and musical components of the objet-chanson with the role of the enunciator as well as the status of the lexemes and objets-chansons. The explination complements the descriptive and analytical processes of the metalexicographer. It is possible to bring out two important steps : on one side onomasiological and neological; and on the other semasiological of the lexemes studied. I've named this interpretative to and fro ingénierie lexicale evoking the activity of problem solving proper to the engineer
Fighiera, Jean-Philippe. "Les statuts municipaux d'Aiglun en latin et en langue d'Oc des XVe et XVIe siècles : étude linguistique et historique". Nice, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NICE2027.
Texto completoLefebvre, Armelle. "L'Allemagne dans les discours et la philosophie politiques français du XVIe au XVIIIe siècle". Paris 8, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA083697.
Texto completoAlthough it is usually restricted to quoting a few passages from Jean Bodin, traditionally, historiography boasts of a whole French germanistic, which was elaborated in the 16-18th centuries, in French discourse and political philosophy, in order to expose to the French eye the "monster" the Empire may have been. This work introduces a different interpretation of the French representation of modern Germany. This interpretation will focus on modern theory and political language. We will most of all clearly show the central importance of comparative reflexion and political discourse. We started from an historiographical enigma: Germany's lost image of the 18th century. The study of Germany's theoretical dimension -systematical and programmatical at a time- and its value for political theories of the 18th century has revealed criticism of the hegemonical model of French thinking about Germany's European representation at the end of the 18th century. It is thus also to be seen as criticism of a background. Answering this question meant exploring the even nowadays great mystery of the political library, which constitutes the first French germanistic. The methodology we used combines criteria of discourse analysis (with syntax-semantics and the conditions of enunciation) and of methods applied in the history of concepts, a questionnaire limited to the political vocabulary, exploration of the onomasiologic and semasiologic fields of the concepts in question (with the support of data bank). This approach and the applied methodology lead to the constitution of a series of conceptual landscapes and historical schedules. Within this framework there was room for manoeuvre for France's image of Germany. This restored the semantic values that used to be its own to the French impression of Germany and it also gives a perspective on the modern project and political experience
Postert, Kirsten. "Tragédie historique ou Histoire en Tragédie ? : les sujets d’histoire moderne dans la tragédie française (1550-1715)". Thesis, Paris 4, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA040235.
Texto completoFrom its apparition in 1550, French tragedy tends to draw most of its subjects from history. Though most dramatic authors, according to the taste of the times, tend to favour classical or mythological plots, subjects drawn from modern or contemporary history are nevertheless very present in the works produced between 1550 and 1715. The present work seeks to explain the links between history and tragedy. It compares not only the dramatic works with real historical events but also seeks to illuminate the relationship between historiography and dramatic writing in the 16th and 17th centuries
Usandivaras, Muriel. "Le théâtre de la Révolution française : étude analytique, historique et socio-critique, 1789-1799". Paris 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA010672.
Texto completoThe author attempts to look at the question of the break or the continuity in the theatre of the French revolution (1789-1799), namely the works of the play wrights who were 20 years old in 1789, the generation which witnessed the transition from the enlightenment to romanticism. Their works belong to a period of transition in the theatre which claimed and transformed existing forms of drama which had not been autonomous (vaudeville, melodrama), developed new intermediate genres (drama), created "genres de circonstance" (based on historical and nationalistic events, a republican repertoire), which can be considered the precursors to certain theatrical movements which followed. Identifying a continuity in the theatre between the 18th and 19th centuries does not however hide the profound break with the existing theatrical tradition which the French revolution facilitated, a shift from the spoken word to the visual, a decreasing interest in the text as opposed to the performance, a break which makes theatre "l'art du spectacle" which we know today
Hirsza, Micheline. "Problèmes de traduction au sein des institutions communautaires : historique, bilan et perspectives dans le cadre de l'anglais et du français". Paris 12, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA12A002.
Texto completoGharbi, Khaddouj. "L'enseignement du vocabulaire français dans le premier cycle du secondaire marocain de 1920 à 1987 : historique et prospectives". Paris 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA030149.
Texto completoDuring the period stretching from 1920 to 1987, the teaching of french vocabulary in the first cycle of moroccan secondary schools is directly linked to the progress in the theories of apprenticeship and the sciences of language. At the beginning of the above-mentioned period, the sciences of language gave considerable importance to the teaching of vocabulary, but from 1960's onword, they are inclined to neglect it. On the other hand, the teaching of vocabulary has constantly kept adapting to the successive changes of the statute of french in morocco
Labelle, Kim. "Sources et autonomisation du savoir historique en français : l'exemple des récits autour d'Énée dans les histoires universelles médiévales". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28315.
Texto completoWhile the eleventh and twelfth centuries saw the rise of vernacular literature, the historical domain had to wait until the thirteenth century before the first universal history was written completely in the language of oïl, the Histoire ancienne jusqu’à César. Originally inspired by the same genre in Latin, and translated from this language, medieval universal history in French, in the last centuries of the Middle Ages, discreetly dissociates itself from its model in order to become an autonomous genre, leading to original works. Thanks to the stories about Aeneas contained in universal histories from the 13th to the 15th century, it is possible to observe the different manifestations of this phenomenon of autonomous knowledge in French. The use of French sources by later stories at the expense of the Aeneid used by the first vernacular universal histories confirms the concrete authority acquired by authors of medieval historical texts. As the stories about Aeneas are unpublished, the primary purpose of this thesis is to give readings to these texts. The first part presents interpretative transcriptions of the texts of the seven universal histories used for this study, namely, the Histoire ancienne jusqu’à César, the Chronique dite de Baudouin d’Avesnes, the Manuel d’histoire de Philippe de Valois, the Myreur des histors of Jean d'Outremeuse, Jean Mansel's Fleur des hystoires, the Miroir du Monde and the Bouquechardière of Jean de Courcy. The second part concentrates on the genre of universal history and more precisely on the evolution of the narratives about Aeneas, their sources, their constants, their differences, which make it possible to observe the constitution of a knowledge autonomous history in French. Particular attention is finally paid to the evolution of the character of Aeneas in this corpus, since the son of Anchises is the place where one can observe the result of the evolution of a history in French acquiring its independence from sources first Latin.
Deroussin, David. "Le juste sujet de croitre dans l'ancien droit français : contribution historique à l'étude de la théorie de l'apparence". Lyon 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LYO33018.
Texto completoNamane, Farid. "L’écriture de la guerre d’Algérie au XXIe siècle : écrivains français, écrivains algériens, regards croisés sur un événement historique". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/ulprive/DDOC_T_2019_0215_NAMANE.pdf.
Texto completoMore than an half-century after its end, "the algerian war" continues to inspire the novelists of the both Mediterranean sides. Considered as such (a war) in 1999 by the French parliament , this war makes noise in every literary return.our thesis subject , is going to be a comparative analysis of the Algerian and French fiction writings concerning the Algerian war : how a common historical event can be interpreted in fictions differently? After the reading of French novels, we noticed that it’s always a story of military who goes to war and the description is characterized by such exoticism and astonishment. On the other hand, the Algerian writer couldn’t go beyond the war; it’s always present , as an important event by which we should go through to enter in literature: it’s a « location of memory ». Because of these différents points of views we suggest the reading of the main corpus composed of a set of novels edited in XXI st: Rachid Boudjedra Les figuiers de barbarie (2010), Anouar Benmalek Le Rapt (2009), Jérôme Ferrari Où j’ai laissé mon âme (2010), Laurent Mauvignier Des Hommes (2009). In order to do this work properly , we will add an other corpus to the novels mentioned above which had been published during the first years of the independence to the beginning of the 2000 and that in order to see the evolution of the french and Algerian fiction writing theme
Boisvert, Étienne. "Îlots boisés en terre de grande culture : relictualité et biodiversité, l’exemple du Vexin français. Essai de biogéographie historique". Thesis, Paris 4, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA040147.
Texto completoThe purpose is to distinguish the relictual forest islands from the recent ones in an agricultural matrix; to inventory and characterize them and to assess their biodiversity, and eventually to develop a model. The method combines the resort to archives and aerial photographs with field studies (1996-2007). The mapping approach has been based on regression analysis (2004-1620). The time threshold has made it possible to identify 152 woodlots (<50ha) which presence was attested before 1620. The regression analysis to map the wood patches has been based on the path network, which is a fixed and structuring element of the landscape. There is a strong relation between the location of the relictual forest islands, the antique tracks and the medieval paths. The characterization and assessment of the relictual forest islands biodiversity have been carried out following a time and space pluri-scalar approach and from a comparison with recent forest islands. The analysis was based on the shapeless canopy, the texture and dynamics of the forest cover, the cuttings, the edges and the internal forest path network. The analysis of the internal structure focuses on the taxonomic diversity and the ecological diversity of the plant species and the indicator bird species. These analyses have stressed the specificity of the relictual forest islands, a model of which has been developed. They are either fragment of ancient forests, or, in most cases, secondary but old forest forms from the Gallo-Roman, Merovingian or medieval time
Munoz, Sylviane. "Monographie historique et economique d'une capitale coloniale : rabat de 1912 a 1939". Nice, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986NICE2005.
Texto completoThe evolution of rabat, wich became the capital of morocco after the establishment of the french protectorate, is significant of the impact of a colonial domination. Because it benefited by its central position and natural advantages, thte estuary of the bou-regreg had been enhanced by three settlements : sale, chellah and the oudaias "rabat", which are the origine of present day rabat city. Recalling their historical vicissitudes emphasizes the stratgic interest this site represented for the great dynasties who left their architectural prints on the landscape. At the beginning of the twentieth century, the structure of rabat as a "makhzen" town was already transformed by the foreign interferences leading to the settling of france in 1912. The colonization requirements made the nation's space open to other countries and they determined the urban policy decided by general lyautey and implemented by h. Prost. The sweeping changes affecting the demographic, economic and institutional structures of the capital where expressed by the very evolution of the urban frame. The initial vigorous prosperity was expressed by the harmonious development of the new town, the centre of modern activities next to the preserved medina. But land speculation and the blanks left in the prost plans concerning the housing of moroccan natives destroyed that bright surface ; their consequences became worse during the crisis of the thirties because of the hypertrophy of the urban sector and the development of shantytowns which were the shelter of country immigrants. Before the second world war, in spite of the modernization programme implemented by general nogues, rabat, generally put forward as being the expression of a successful colonial town-planning was, in fact, concealing a socio-spatial segregation which reflected the discrepancies between the various communities. The analysis of its growth allows us to stress the links between these contrasts and the underdevelopment characterizing the moroccan economy when dominated by colonization
Rémi-Giraud, Sylvianne. "Etude semantique du mot air : xvii et xx siecles". Amiens, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AMIE0006.
Texto completoRoyer, Louise. "Modalisateurs et organisateurs textuels en français préclassique et classique : fonctionnement discursif et grammaticalisation". Thesis, Nancy 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NAN21023/document.
Texto completoWe put forward a work of description in context of modalisers and textual organisers. These syntagms convey the presence of the enunciator and correspond to a specific desire of expressiveness. In preclassical French, the quantity of theoretical texts increased. The argumentative value and the specific structure of these written works make up factors of the grammaticalization of modalisers and textual organisers. Texts such as essays for instance pass on a given viewpoint and are structured rigorously, in particular thanks to the presence of this type of enunciative groups. The grammaticalization process corresponds to a complex change which is progressive and unidirectional, putting across a form from a lexical status to a grammatical one or from a less grammatical status to a more grammatical one. Form sources evolve little by little to freeze into precise form targets. Within this transformation, some phases of reanalysis and analogical extension ? which are simpler changes ? will occur. Speakers start interpreting differently the words or groups of words concerned until a new use asserts itself (reanalysis). Some changes bring about others : some close groups, from a structural point of view, some syntagms which have been modified evolve in turn in a pretty similar way (analogical extension). After having examined the composition of groups, their syntaxic and discursory behaviour, we sall check whether the emergence and evolution of the syntagms in question fit into the canvas of grammaticalization. Modalisers (for example « to tell the truth ») and textual organisers (for example « to cut a long story short ») correspond to separate constructions. Has this always been the case ? Is it a matter of French constructions ? What are their respective form sources ? As far as the demarcation of periods is concerned, classical French is often presented as the chronological reference in which the language becomes stabilized (even though periodisation is perceived by certain linguists as artificial yet necessary). We shall therefore see whether the dividing up which we propose is judicious and whether usage was fixed in 1750. We rely on the observation of uses in context from examples of that period so as to apprehend how new enunciative entities are set up and to see if one can lay down a mode of formation of these prepositional syntagms
Diallo, Lamarana Petty. "Enjeux et avatars de l'enseignement du français en République de Guinée : contexte historique, aspects pédagogiques et perspectives de rénovation". Bordeaux 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BOR21002.
Texto completoThe teaching of French language in Guinea was introduced by the missionaries (pères du Saint-Esprit, soeurs de Saint-Joseph de Cluny, frères de Ploërmel ). These religious orders were active long before the french government in the propagation of french by the school. However, the colonial authorities took control of mission schools and developed a secular and public educational system. Therefore french became the language of the institutions through which school, communications as well of social welfare was rendered possible. On the eve of independence (1958), the New Guinea state reoriented the use of the fench language. The educational reform was one of its aims. Since independence three reforms have been set up and important pedagogical and educational institutions have been established. Each reform defines its aims, and sets up its stakes. Since 1984, guinea has had a growing concern for the promotion of french as a language of education. The long term goals of the state are to develop a guinea-french by bilingualism grounded in the teaching of both french and national languages. It is for this reason that teachers from guinea participate in many francophone conferences where the teaching of languages and the improvement of methods are among the main concerns. The effects appear to be positive
Paul, Marie Ensie. "La méthode comparative historique appliquée au syntagme prédicatif des créoles français de Guadeloupe/ Martinique, Haïti et Louisiane : interrogations et perspectives". Thesis, Paris 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA030120.
Texto completoWithin the framework of functionalism, this dissertation is a historical comparative research that aims at bringing a contribution to the establishment of relatedness between three French-based Creoles (Haitian, Antillean (Guadeloupe/Martinique) Louisianan and the varieties of colonial French. The predicative syntagm of the three Creoles are compared on one hand and on the other hand a comparison is established with the varieties of colonial French. The corpus is compound of two kinds of texts: the texts showing the early stage of the Creole languages and the documents showing the language state of Colonial French. The Creole documents extend from a period that starts from 1671 to 1850, 1804 and 1867 respectively for Guadeloupe / Martinique, Haiti and Louisiana. The TMA system, negation, serial verbs, the copula and the expression of passivity are studied. The choice of the topics was based on the great interest observed towards them in specialized literature
Ruozzi, Paola. "De l'ablatif absolu latin aux prépositions atypiques, sous le signe de la continuité fonctionnelle : quels aboutissements en français ?" Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA070085.
Texto completoIn the absence of specific studies relating to this subject, this work is intended to reconstruct the grammaticalization of nine French prepositions partly issued from participles (like durant, pendant, nonobstant, moyennant, excepté, hormis) and partly from adjectives or nouns (like malgré, sauf, plein), which were originally employed in ablative absolute (AA) constructions. A first section, devoted to the process ending point, illustrates how the nine prepositions behave in modem French as intra-clausal or as trans-clausal connectors, while a second section, focusing on the starting point, illustrates the different kinds of AA that are supposed to have originated the prepositional forms. In order to bridge the gap, a full, corpus-based reconstruction is proposed to show how a Ist order predicate originally employed in a binary construction such as AA has moved to 2nd order predicate status, or, to put it differently, from a free syntax environment to the invariable status of a grammatical item. The grammaticalization under focus is presented at the same time as a decategorialization process from a major category (verb, noun, adjective) to a minor category (préposition, conjunction, adverb) and as a conservative process exploiting both the original semantics of the predicate involved and the latent marginal syntactic function provided by the ablatival inflection. Since the prerogatives of ablatival inflection still seem to survive in some modem constructions which are able to express marginal functions without employing surface syntax, it is argued that synthesis, besides analysis, should have a right of citizenship in the description of the French language System