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Baldy, Jana. "Framing a Sustainable Local Food System—How Smaller Cities in Southern Germany Are Facing a New Policy Issue." Sustainability 11, no. 6 (2019): 1712. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11061712.
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Since Agenda 21, the local level has become important in terms of facing global challenges through local action. One of these is ensuring the sustainability of the food system. In German politics, this is a relatively new issue even at the local level. Nevertheless, two smaller cities in southern Germany have decided to change their local food systems towards sustainability. Hence, this paper deals with questions of how local actors are framing the food system and what this means for increasing sustainability. The analysis of qualitative interviews and participant observations based on frame analysis provides deeper insights into understandings of local food systems by actors. This paper aims to explore how framings of problems, solutions and motivations provide or restrict opportunities to increase local food system sustainability. Terms like sustainability or awareness are framed differently. Using the same term to mean different things can have negative effects on the acceptance of policymaking referring to food system transformation. Besides, this paper shows that omissions within the framing counteract the development of sustainable local food policy. Hence, it is important to reflect the political implications of absent framings as well to facilitate mutual understanding and consequently, food system change.
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Moallemi, Enayat A., Edoardo Bertone, Sibel Eker, et al. "A review of systems modelling for local sustainability." Environmental Research Letters 16, no. 11 (2021): 113004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac2f62.
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Abstract The 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) represent a holistic and ambitious agenda for transforming the world towards societal well-being, economic prosperity, and environmental protection. Achieving the SDGs is, however, challenged by the performance of interconnected sectors and the complexity of their interactions which drive non-linear system responses, tipping points, and spillover effects. Systems modelling, as an integrated way of thinking about and modelling multisectoral dynamics, can help explain how feedback interactions within and among different sectors can lead to broader system transformation and progress towards the SDGs. Here, we review how system dynamics, as a prominent systems modelling approach, can inform and contribute to sustainability research and implementation, framed by the SDGs. We systematically analyse 357 system dynamics studies undertaken at the local scale where the most important SDG impacts and their initiators are often located, published between 2015 (i.e. SDGs’ inception) and 2020. We analyse the studies to illuminate strengths and limitations in four key areas: diversity of scope; interdisciplinarity of the approaches; the role of stakeholder participation; and the analysis of SDG interactions. Our review highlights opportunities for a better consideration of societal aspects of sustainable development (e.g. poverty, inequality) in modelling efforts; integrating with new interdisciplinary methods to leverage system dynamics modelling capabilities; improving genuine stakeholder engagement for credibility and impacts on the ground; and a more in-depth analysis of SDG interactions (i.e. synergies and trade-offs) with the feedback-rich structure of system dynamics models.
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Michálková, Daniela, and Pavol Ďurica. "Experimental Verification of Thermal Insulation in Timber Framed Walls." Materials 15, no. 6 (2022): 2040. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15062040.
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Current environmental crisis calls for sustainable solutions in the building industry. One of the possible solutions is to incorporate timber-framed constructions into designs. Among other benefits, these structures are well established in many countries, originating in traditional building systems. This paper focuses on experimental timber-frame walls. Different wall assemblies vary in thermal insulation materials and their combinations. We investigated ten experimental wall structures that have been exposed to natural external boundary conditions since 2015. The emphasis was on their state in terms of visual deterioration, mass moisture content, and thermal conductivity coefficient. We detected several issues, including defects caused by inappropriate realization, causing local moisture increase. Material settlement in loose-fill thermal insulation was another issue. Concerning was a significant change in the thermal conductivity of wood fiber insulation, where the current value almost doubled in one case compared to the design value determined by the producer.
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Hayes, Samuel J., Adam Barker, and Carys E. Jones. "Re-Examining the Rationale for Strategic Assessment: An Evaluation of Purpose in Two Systems." Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management 19, no. 04 (2017): 1750020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s146433321750020x.
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Strategic forms of impact assessment have seen increased application around the world since their conception. Expansion has produced considerable variation and this range of tools and processes can create practitioner confusion and blurred boundaries in practice. This research draws on empirical data from England and Scotland to examine different systems to understand how the purposes of strategic assessment are framed and to consider how purposes are translated into practice. Four key purposes of strategic assessment are examined; overcoming EIA shortcomings, strategic thinking, representation of the environment and consideration of sustainability. It is concluded that various scales (international, national, local and individual) influence how strategic assessment purpose is framed. We find that as multiple purposes come together they interact, with regulatory compliance potentially dominating. Strategic assessment is also found to be described as information provider, and excluded or distant from strategic thinking as part of plan formulation.
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Das, Sanmay. "Local Justice and the Algorithmic Allocation of Scarce Societal Resources." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 36, no. 11 (2022): 12250–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v36i11.21486.
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AI is increasingly used to aid decision-making about the allocation of scarce societal resources, for example housing for homeless people, organs for transplantation, and food donations. Recently, there have been several proposals for how to design objectives for these systems that attempt to achieve some combination of fairness, efficiency, incentive compatibility, and satisfactory aggregation of stakeholder preferences. This paper lays out possible roles and opportunities for AI in this domain, arguing for a closer engagement with the political philosophy literature on local justice, which provides a framework for thinking about how societies have over time framed objectives for such allocation problems. It also discusses how we may be able to integrate into this framework the opportunities and risks opened up by the ubiquity of data and the availability of algorithms that can use them to make accurate predictions about the future.
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Ali, Christopher. "A broadcast system in whose interest? Tracing the origins of broadcast localism in Canadian and Australian television policy, 1950–1963." International Communication Gazette 74, no. 3 (2012): 277–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1748048511432608.
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The television systems of Canada and Australia are often assumed to be similar if not synonymous. Both are dominated by American imports; rely on a networking of stations; and trace their media systems to a combination of American and British influence. Moreover, in the past decade, both have implemented tremendous changes to their broadcast policies, particularly with regard to local television. Yet despite these similarities, scholars have never critically reflected on the evolution of these countries’ local television policies. As such, this article concentrates on how Canada and Australia have historically framed, defined, and implemented the concept of localism in broadcast policy. Through an analysis of policy documents from 1950 to 1963, the argument is made that when compared with Australia, localism was not an immediate priority, but rather a taken-for-granted assumption by Canadian policy-makers. Thus, the nationalism debate in Canadian television was fought at the expense of the local.
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Schumacher, John. "The Age-Friendly University Umbrella: New Synergies for Gerontology Programs, Aging Centers, and Health Systems." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (2020): 548. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1792.
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Abstract Higher education has a tentative relationship with gerontology programs and research centers. Despite demographic shifts, academic gerontology serves a modest student body and attracts limited research/scholarly interest. Our new Age Friendly University (AFU) designation served to motivate our university leaders and faculty to re-imagine how aging issues are fundamental to our mission framed by: 1) Interdisciplinarity; 2) Intergenerational relations; and 3) Inclusiveness of the life course. Additionally, the AFU initiative energized the relationships among our health professions schools, academic departments, and research center to collaborate on grant opportunities. Our AFU also started collaborating with a local health system seeking Age Friendly Health System status. Finally, our AFU designation raised visibility with our three local county governments who had just received Age Friendly Community status. Our AFU efforts have served as an inclusive umbrella to attract new, interested partners in our shared effort to improve the lives of older adults. Part of a symposium sponsored by Directors of Aging Centers Interest Group.
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Allen, Lawrence R., Barry A. Garst, Edmond P. Bowers, and Kennedy K. Onyiko. "Building a Youth Development System in Kenya: Comparing Kenyan Perceptions of Local and National Systems." Journal of Youth Development 11, no. 3 (2017): 72–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/jyd.2016.461.
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The purpose of this paper is to begin a dialogue of developing a integrated and comprehensive system for youth in Kenya by identifying factors impacting the creation of a youth development system and exploring recommendations supporting and advancing such a system. The results of two collaborative assessments of the needs and strengths of Kenyan youth and the youth-serving programs based on the perspectives of practitioners, policy-makers, and scholars of youth-development are presented. The study was framed from the perspective of a systems approach to youth development in Kenya (Bronfenbrenner & Morris, 2006; Overton & Lerner, 2012). Osgood (2012) identifies four steps for developing a systems approach for serving the needs of youth: (1) self-assessment, (2) goal identification, (3) planning, and (4) networking. The first step, self-assessment, was initiated through a SWOT analysis with two different groups of youth development professionals across a 2-year period (2014-2015). The 2014 SWOT analysis presented the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats related to developing a youth development system from a national level, whereas the 2015 SWOT analysis focused on these same factors but from a more local level of youth development programs and services. The results of these two analyses are presented and initial recommendations for building a more integrated and comprehensive youth development system in Kenya are presented. The need for further input and investigation is also discussed.
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Silva, Nathália Thaís Cosmo da, Urbano Fra.Paleo, and José Ambrósio Ferreira Neto. "Conflicting Discourses on Wildfire Risk and the Role of Local Media in the Amazonian and Temperate Forests." International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 10, no. 4 (2019): 529–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13753-019-00243-z.
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AbstractThis article examines how risk is communicated by different actors, particularly local print newspapers and actors at the community level, in two different geographical contexts that are severely affected by wildfires—the Brazilian Amazon and Atlantic Spain. We analyzed how wildfire risk is framed in local print media and local actor discourse to elucidate how wildfire risk is interpreted and aimed to identify the main priorities of these risk governance systems. The main findings reveal that the presentation of wildfire as a spectacle is a serious obstacle to the promotion of coherent risk governance and social learning, which involves recognizing wildfire risk as a social, political, economic, and environmental problem. Proactive risk governance should communicate the multifaceted nature of risk and stimulate dialogue and negotiation among all actors to build consensus regarding land use and the creation of risk.
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Banda, Felix, and Dennis Banda. "Framing Theoretical/Conceptual Frameworks and Research Processes in African Indigenous Knowledge Systems and Everyday Experiences." Excellence in Higher Education 8 (January 17, 2019): 14–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/ehe.2018.156.
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This article shows how indigenous knowledge systems and everyday experiences can be used to scaffold theoretical and analytical frameworks as well as to teach aspects of research processes and procedures in a non-intimidating way. We use everyday African experiences and proverbs to show that production of new knowledge does not have to be in English and associated exogenous culture; rather it will be more expedient and have lifelong impact on students if expressed in familiar language practices and knowledge systems. Eurocentric-based epistemologies and knowledge systems will only have profound meaning in Africa if framed in and expressed through local indigenous knowledge systems. We conclude that there is need for research protocols and theoretical/analytical frameworks to be filtered through African socio-cultural contexts and knowledge systems for comprehensive and culturally-relevant meaning making. This would dispel the current obsession with ritualized research, the mysticism associated with Eurocentric research, and perceptions that only formally-educated people are eligible to do research.
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Stuart, Graeme, and Leticia Ozawa-Meida. "Supporting Decentralised Energy Management through Smart Monitoring Systems in Public Authorities." Energies 13, no. 20 (2020): 5398. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13205398.
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Energy infrastructure in large, multi-site organisations such as municipal authorities, is often heterogeneous in terms of factors such as age and complexity of the technology deployed. Responsibility for day-to-day operation and maintenance of this infrastructure is typically dispersed across large numbers of individuals and impacts on even larger numbers of building users. Yet, the diverse population of stakeholders with an interest in the operation and development of this dynamic infrastructure typically have little or no visibility of energy and water usage. This paper explores the integration of utility metering data into urban management processes via the deployment of an accessible “smart meter” monitoring system. The system is deployed in three public authorities and the impact of the system is investigated based on the triangulation of evidence from semi-structured interviews and case studies. The research is framed from three perspectives: the bottom-up micro-level (individual and local), the top-down macro-level (organisation-wide and strategic) and intermediate meso-level (community-focused and operation). Evidence shows that improved communication across these levels enables a decentralisation and joining-up of energy management. Evidence points to the importance of reducing the cognitive load associated with monitoring systems. Better access to information supports more local autonomy, easier communication and cooperation between stakeholders and fosters the conditions necessary for adaptive practices to emerge.
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Tamayo, Unai, and Gustavo Vargas. "Biomimetic economy: human ecological-economic systems emulating natural ecological systems." Social Responsibility Journal 15, no. 6 (2019): 772–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/srj-09-2018-0241.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the use of biomimicry to inspire sustainable development in economic systems. The research purpose is to explore the link between ecological systems and economic systems to highlight applied environmental solutions. The goal is to propose some driver to develop sustainable business practices inspired on the principles of biomimicry. Design/methodology/approach This paper provides a theoretical approach that builds the basis for a better understanding of the relationship between nature and sustainable economic decisions. The premise is that in the field of sustainable development, strategies based on “learning from nature” are useful. Furthermore, the concept of biomimicry provides principles and tools specifically aimed at design practice. Findings The complexity of economic systems has shown that high levels of abstraction are required when conceptualising problems and explanations related with nature-inspired solutions. Stakeholder engagement and transdisciplinary collaboration are required to face long-term environmental challenges. Moreover, the exploratory analysis applied in this paper appeared suitable to compile existing literature. Practical implications The study provides some general guidelines and empirical approach through case studies that could help decision makers convert nature-inspired alternatives into valuable strategic business opportunities. Although presented practical cases are framed in the local sphere (i.e. the Basque Country), they can serve as references in other international contexts. Social implications New business models should recognize the positive synchronization between well-managed social, environmental and economic systems. Originality/value The proposed ideas deepen the understanding on the sustainable development and the link between ecological and economic systems. In fact, the concept of biomimetic economy has not been dealt with or developed in depth in previous academic works, nor has it been published thoroughly in the field of research.
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Parida, Debadutta, Kristof Van Assche, and Sandeep Agrawal. "Climate Shocks and Local Urban Conflicts: An Evolutionary Perspective on Risk Governance in Bhubaneswar." Land 12, no. 1 (2023): 198. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12010198.
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In this paper, we explore the complex entanglements between ongoing land conflicts and climate shocks, and their implications for risk governance paths and evolution. We focus on ways in which concepts of shock and conflict can be incorporated into social–ecological systems thinking and applied to risk governance practice in a southern cities context. Through a qualitative inquiry of two slum redevelopment projects in Bhubaneswar city in India, we trace the origin and evolution of conflict around land tenure and eviction in informal settlements, as well as its interaction with local manifestations of climate shocks. Climate policies, as responses to climate shock and intended to mitigate climate risk, are observed as constructed, interpreted, framed, and used strategically by formal actors to further urban development objectives, while the local knowledge systems, risk perceptions, and adaptations are ignored in practice. This study helps to re-think the complexities of climate risk governance in southern urban spaces where multiple risks overlap and interact within the diverse realities of informality and vulnerability. A singular focus on one type of risk, on the formal order to manage that risk, is likely to overlook other risks and opportunities. Hence, shocks are likely to produce more unanticipated effects, conflicts function as the unobserved middle term, and the formal policies and plans to mitigate climate risk contribute to the creation of new risk.
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Mammola, Stefano, Pedro Cardoso, Dorottya Angyal та ін. "Local- versus broad-scale environmental drivers of continental β -diversity patterns in subterranean spider communities across Europe". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 286, № 1914 (2019): 20191579. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.1579.
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Macroecologists seek to identify drivers of community turnover ( β -diversity) through broad spatial scales. However, the influence of local habitat features in driving broad-scale β -diversity patterns remains largely untested, owing to the objective challenges of associating local-scale variables to continental-framed datasets. We examined the relative contribution of local- versus broad-scale drivers of continental β -diversity patterns, using a uniquely suited dataset of cave-dwelling spider communities across Europe (35–70° latitude). Generalized dissimilarity modelling showed that geographical distance, mean annual temperature and size of the karst area in which caves occurred drove most of β -diversity, with differential contributions of each factor according to the level of subterranean specialization. Highly specialized communities were mostly influenced by geographical distance, while less specialized communities were mostly driven by mean annual temperature. Conversely, local-scale habitat features turned out to be meaningless predictors of community change, which emphasizes the idea of caves as the human accessible fraction of the extended network of fissures that more properly represents the elective habitat of the subterranean fauna. To the extent that the effect of local features turned to be inconspicuous, caves emerge as experimental model systems in which to study broad biological patterns without the confounding effect of local habitat features.
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Zaldumbide, David, Javier Solano, and Andreina Gonzales. "Sustainable food systems for the cities of the future: Potential of urban agriculture for small entrepreneurs in Canton Machala." INNOVA Research Journal 2, no. 8.1 (2017): 112–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.33890/innova.v2.n8.1.2017.348.
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The role of urban agriculture in global food security is a subject of growing debate. There are several types of research on urban and peri-urban agriculture, especially in the major cities. These studies usually consist of an analysis of cases that often have different definitions of urban and peri-urban agriculture depending on the local setting and mostly about the objectives of the study. (Thebo, et al., 2014). This lack of steadiness makes it difficult to quantify the scope of this practice on a global scale and presents a challenge for citizens, authorities and academic institutions to provide adequate structure for the transition from theory to the application of urban agriculture within cities. On the one hand, the design of policies that seek the development of regions is framed between two aspects that shape today's world: the global, as a growing economic, cultural and political integration. On the other side the local, as that trend towards Higher levels of self-determination, management, decentralization and development in communities. (Fuchs, et al., 2003). As a result, it is becoming easier for people to get involved in local politics by posing problems that directly affect neighborhoods. Local regulations become much more relevant to the daily life of a person trying to grow their food and feel that they can contribute positively to their community. On the other hand, Climate change and environmental impacts represent a real and grave threat, but there are many potential solutions to them. The present paper aims to analyze the potential of urban agriculture within our environment.
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Lloro, Teresa, and Frecia González. "Food activism and negotiating the gendered dynamics of public cultures of care." Canadian Food Studies / La Revue canadienne des études sur l'alimentation 9, no. 2 (2022): 180–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.15353/cfs-rcea.v9i2.537.
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A growing and significant research literature utilizes feminist frameworks to study relationships with food from a variety of vantage points. In this article, we are especially interested in feminist food sovereignty, feminist political ecology, and feminist theories of care, both because caring labor has been historically undervalued in food systems and because neoliberal modes of commodification and marketization have interpellated activists, scholar-activists, and activist-scholars into new ways of self-care and caring for others. To begin, we provide a brief overview of the places where we work, including the city of Pomona, the Pomona Valley Certified Farmers Market, and the Pomona Community Farmer Alliance (PCFA), a community organization and local activist collective. We then draw on nearly three years of participatory ethnographic work in this community to explore and theorize care work in local food systems activism. Our conceptual framework, framed by feminist food studies and theories of care, illuminates how PCFA members conceive of their own caring work in practice, as well as how they negotiate the complexities of caring for others and self, while being left by the state to do this work. We also explore how activists’ care practices sometimes lay bare structural inequalities and the failure of the state, while also reinforcing and challenging neoliberal ideologies embedded in volunteerism. To conclude, we discuss the gendered implications of our work for food systems research, specifically considering the complementarity of Progressive and Radical approaches to food systems transformation.
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Mina Seif, Therese Mcallister. "Finite Element Modeling of Steel Moment Connections with Fracture for Structural Fire Analyses." Engineering Journal 53, no. 1 (2016): 47–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.62913/engj.v53i1.1093.
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Performance-based methodologies to evaluate the fire performance of structures are needed to move beyond the prescriptive procedures currently in use, which cannot be used to determine actual structural performance in fire. Analytical methods are needed for simulating the performance of structural systems, including connections, subject to realistic fire effects. Framing connections may be subject to large, unanticipated deformations and loads during fire events, and connection failure may lead to other failures or local collapse. This paper presents the development of detailed finite element models of typical moment connections for steel-framed structures. These detailed models incorporate temperature-dependent material models that have been calibrated against available test data from tensile coupons, including the modeling of necking behavior and fracture. Connection performance at ambient and elevated temperatures is evaluated, and dominant failure modes are identified.
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Tikon, F. U., David, A. H., Gadu, H. O., and Apeh, C. C. "ADOPTION AND CHALLENGES ASSOCIATED WITH ORGANIC FARMING IN BOGORO LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, BAUCHI STATE, NIGERIA." Journal of Agripreneurship and Sustainable Development 6, no. 2 (2023): 132–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.59331/jasd.v6i2.442.
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The study investigated the adoption and challenges associated with organic farming in Bogoro local government, Bauchi State, Nigeria. A snowball sampling technique was employed to contact 90 respondents. Data was gathered using a well-constructed questionnaire and was examined using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Logistic regression analysis was employed to examine the components that affected organic farming adoption. The outcomes revealed that the majority (98.9%) of the respondents were aware of organic farming due to visits by extension agents. Socio-economic factors such as education (0.065), gender (0.548), visits by extension agents (0.313), household size (0.094), source of information (0.453), access to credit (1.552) and farmers’ cooperative membership (0.902) positively influenced their organic farming adoption. Conversely, age of the farmers (-0.532) and farm size (-0.083) negatively influenced farmers adoption of organic farming. Constraints/challenges faced by farmers include; the high cost of organic farming, unavailability of organic inputs, low technical know-how, consumers yet to appreciate the difference between the production of the two farming systems, poor market outlet, poor storage facilities and inadequate information. It was recommended that to take advantage of the components, policies that guide farmers’ decisions on the adoption of organic farming should be framed and if well implemented could boost agricultural production and help in environmental sustainability.
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Nightingale, Elana, and Chantelle Richmond. "Reclaiming Land, Identity and Mental Wellness in Biigtigong Nishnaabeg Territory." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 12 (2022): 7285. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19127285.
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Indigenous peoples globally are pursuing diverse strategies to foster mental, emotional, and spiritual wellness by reclaiming and restoring their relationships to land. For Anishinaabe communities, the land is the source of local knowledge systems that sustain identities and foster mino-bimaadiziwin, that is, living in a good and healthy way. In July 2019, the community of Biigtigong Nishnaabeg in Ontario, Canada hosted a week-long land camp to reclaim Mountain Lake and reconnect Elders, youth and band staff to the land, history, and relationships of this place. Framed theoretically by environmental repossession, we explore the perceptions of 15 participating community members and examine local and intergenerational meanings of the camp for mental wellness. The findings show that the Mountain Lake camp strengthened social relationships, supported the sharing and practice of Anishinaabe knowledge, and fostered community pride in ways that reinforced the community’s Anishinaabe identity. By exploring the links between land reclamation, identity, and community empowerment, we suggest environmental repossession as a useful concept for understanding how land reconnection and self-determination can support Indigenous mental wellness.
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De Lima Saraiva, Bruno Miguel. "Local and regional power: its role in European Integration and the protection of the rule of law." UNIO – EU Law Journal 7, no. 1 (2021): 82–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.21814/unio.7.1.3573.
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A failure in administrative approximation, as established by the EU Treaties, tends towards the perpetuation of systems that keep an organisational statu quo favorable to the stagnation of European integration by limiting its spread beyond urban areas to rural areas. The phenomena of asymmetric economic development within Member States, in turn, allows for the maintenance of this organisational and integrative inertia in highly centralised Member States, serving as a one of the engines for the development of anti-EU sentiment and vote. In this sense the reasoning behind the establishment of local and regional power as a constitutional bulwark against the development of an illiberal or authoritarian list, especially in young democracies, becomes especially important when framed in context with the growth of authoritarian anti-EU movements throughout Europe. This growth, finding an eager bulwark in rural areas, is not coincidental and might be attributed to the distance from the decision-making process that local and regional government struggle with, combined with economic stagnation and difficulties in the use of resources and opportunities that are theoretically afforded by EU membership, leads to the development of anti-EU sentiment, offering political support and democratic legitimacy to projects which oppose the EU and prove detrimental to democratic systems. This paper therefore posits that to safeguard the development of the greater European project and democracy within Member States, there must be an expansion of the very same principles that govern the interactions between Member States and the EU to the subnational level, with a special focus on subsidiarity.
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Jaffee, B. A. "Population biology and biological control of nematodes." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 38, no. 5 (1992): 359–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m92-061.
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We studied the population biology of the nematophagous fungus Hirsutella rhossiliensis to understand its potential as a biological control agent. Because the fungus is an infectious and transmissible parasite, we framed our study within an epidemiological context. Field observations, theory, and experiments demonstrated that (i) parasitism of nematodes by H. rhossiliensis is dependent on nematode density, (ii) local populations of the fungus will go extinct unless supplied with some minimum number of nematodes (the host threshold density), and (iii) natural epidemics of this fungus in populations of nematodes develop slowly and only after long periods of high host density. Additional in-depth research on population biology is needed to explain other biological control systems and to guide future research. The most effective research will combine field observation, theory, and experimentation. Key words: density-dependent parasitism, host-parasite dynamics, modeling, nematophagous fungi.
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Wang, Tong, Hao Cui, Zhongyi Zhang, and Jian Wei. "A Neurodynamic Approach for SWIPT Power Splitting Optimization." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2517, no. 1 (2023): 012010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2517/1/012010.
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Abstract Simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) systems using energy from RF signals can effectively solve the energy shortage of wireless devices. However, the existing SWIPT optimization methods using numerical algorithms are difficult to solve the non-convex problem and to adapt to the dynamic communication circumstances. In this paper, a duplex neurodynamic optimization method is used to address the SWIPT system’s power partitioning issue. The information rate maximization problem of the SWIPT system is framed as a biconvex problem. A duplex recurrent neural network is used to concurrently execute local search and update the initial state of the neural network by a particle swarm optimization method to get the global optimum. The experimental results demonstrate that the duplex neurodynamic-based SWIPT system maximizes information rate while satisfying the minimal harvesting energy requirement in a variety of channel states.
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Mroz, Aurore, and Tricia Thrasher. "Unfolding of COVID-19 Crisis in a Study-Abroad Program: Voices of Stakeholders Involved in the Evacuation." Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad 34, no. 2 (2022): 27–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.36366/frontiers.v34i2.568.
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This qualitative case study documented the unfolding of the COVID-19 crisis that impacted a study-abroad program in Paris between December 2019 and May 2020, culminating in the urgent evacuation of U.S.-affiliated students from France. Framed by Complex Dynamic Systems Theory, chaos theory, and research on study abroad and crisis management, rich data from extensive interviews conducted with nine undergraduate students in the program and the four educational staff members responsible for them were triangulated with external correspondence (e.g., official university emails), local media sources, and governmental documents (e.g., White House statements). This merging allowed reconstructing the context necessary to capture the singular voices of these stakeholders, as they experienced threat, uncertainty, and urgency, filtered by the use of a foreign language and varying intercultural skills during the different phases of the crisis. Recommendations for the management of crises abroad and the future of study abroad are discussed.
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Boyce, Matthew R., and Rebecca Katz. "Rapid urban health security assessment tool: a new resource for evaluating local-level public health preparedness." BMJ Global Health 5, no. 6 (2020): e002606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002606.
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Urbanisation will be one of the defining demographic trends of the 21st century—creating unique opportunities for sustainable capacity development, as well as substantial risks and challenges for managing public health and health emergencies. Plans and policies for responding to public health emergencies are generally framed at higher levels of governance, but developing, improving and sustaining the capacities necessary for implementing these policies is a direct function of local-level authorities. Evaluating local-level public health capacities is an important process for identifying strengths and weaknesses that can impact the preparedness for, detection of and response to health security threats. However, while various evaluations and assessments exist for evaluating capacities at other levels, currently, there are no readily available health security assessments for the local-level. In this paper, we describe a tool—the Rapid Urban Health Security Assessment (RUHSA) Tool—that is based on a variety of other relevant assessments and guidance documents. Assessing capacities allow for local-level authorities to identify the strengths and weaknesses of their local health security systems, create multiyear action plans and prioritise opportunities for improving capacities, effectively engage with development partners to target resources effectively and develop compelling narratives and a legacy of leadership. While the RUHSA Tool was not designed to be used in the midst of a public health emergency, such as the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, it may also be adapted to inform a checklist for prioritising what capacities and activities a city needs to rapidly develop or to help focus requests for assistance.
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Su, Fang, Jiangbo Chang, Xi Li, Dan Zhou, and Bing Xue. "Urban Circular Economy in China: A Review Based on Chinese Literature Studies." Complexity 2021 (March 4, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8810267.
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Circular economy is a critical approach to realize the coordinated development of society, economy, and ecological environment. Given the fact that urban is a complex system in which human beings integrate material, energy, information, and natural environment and interact and influence each other, reviewing the urban circular economy research and development could benefit for having a better and comprehensive understanding on urban complexity. Mainly based on the Chinese literature studies from 1999 to 2020, this study aims to present an in-depth analysis of the research themes, policy systems, and index system of Chinaʼs urban-scale circular economy, discuss the changes and evolution trends of themes, levels, and perspectives in time series, sort out the policy systems at both the national and local levels, and analyze the design principles and application fields of indicators. Finally, we propose that future development of an urban circular economy should be built based on modern techniques, technologies, and models. The construction of development mechanism on the circular economy should be framed as “government-led, market-driven, legal norms, policy support, technological support, and public participation” and inject concepts such as “Internet +,” “sharing economy,” “Internet of Things,” and “artificial intelligence.”
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Malamud, Marina. "Environmental Ethics in the Military." International Journal of Technoethics 9, no. 2 (2018): 51–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijt.2018070105.
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Environmental security can be framed in environmental risks towards security, such as extreme climatic events that incite new conflicts in local populations, and the security impact on the environment as a result of human-induced damage to the ecosystem. As a result, the fact that climatic-related events can pose a threat to security and the environmental footprint can undermine peace has thus raised a concern in many militaries of democratic nations. This research article introduces the mainstream environmental security literature through the geopolitical, human security and biocentric perspectives and main social trends to analyze ethical issues in the relationship between ecology and the armed forces. It is argued that there are two major ethical challenges for the military: the securitization of the development agenda that can lead to a militarized conservation in conflict areas; and the search for a corporate sense of responsibility in terms of efficient and still ecologically sustainable operational systems that comply with international environmental agreements.
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Robinson, Sue, and Cathy DeShano. "‘Anyone can know’: Citizen journalism and the interpretive community of the mainstream press." Journalism 12, no. 8 (2011): 963–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464884911415973.
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In Madison, WI, two news groups – bloggers and local reporters – are squaring off, developing separate value systems and establishing protocols of intergroup activity. This study explored those framing values and documented individual role play within this Midwestern city’s information-producing community. An informal interpretive community of citizen journalists offers ways of knowing distinct from the way the press has traditionally practiced, negotiated and shared news stories. Interviews with citizens and professional journalists revealed convergences between these groups of news writers as well as dichotomies. This evidence showed that both the entrenched community of journalists and the emerging one of citizen news writers are framed by values of socially responsible missions, access to information, entitlement to knowledge and informal notions of professionalism. When ‘anyone can know’ – a quote from these interviews – the result is an adaptive organization of information producers that influence each other and redefine the aims, standards and ideology of journalism.
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Pazmiño Betancourt, Beatriz A., Paul Z. Hanakata, Francis W. Starr, and Jack F. Douglas. "Quantitative relations between cooperative motion, emergent elasticity, and free volume in model glass-forming polymer materials." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 10 (2015): 2966–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1418654112.
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The study of glass formation is largely framed by semiempirical models that emphasize the importance of progressively growing cooperative motion accompanying the drop in fluid configurational entropy, emergent elasticity, or the vanishing of accessible free volume available for molecular motion in cooled liquids. We investigate the extent to which these descriptions are related through computations on a model coarse-grained polymer melt, with and without nanoparticle additives, and for supported polymer films with smooth or rough surfaces, allowing for substantial variation of the glass transition temperature and the fragility of glass formation. We find quantitative relations between emergent elasticity, the average local volume accessible for particle motion, and the growth of collective motion in cooled liquids. Surprisingly, we find that each of these models of glass formation can equally well describe the relaxation data for all of the systems that we simulate. In this way, we uncover some unity in our understanding of glass-forming materials from perspectives formerly considered as distinct.
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Volenzo Elijah, Tom, Rachel Makungo, and Georges-Ivo Ekosse. "Effective Mainstreaming of Agricultural Emissions into Climate Action Agenda: The Case of Institutions and Smallholder Dairy Production Systems, Western Kenya." Atmosphere 12, no. 11 (2021): 1507. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12111507.
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Small-scale farming production systems are integral drivers of global sustainability challenges and the climate crisis as well as a solution space for the transition to climate compatible development. However, mainstreaming agricultural emissions into a climate action agenda through integrative approaches, such as Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA), largely reinforces adaptation–mitigation dualism and pays inadequate attention to institutions’ linkage on the generation of externalities, such as Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions. This may undermine the effectiveness of local–global climate risk management initiatives. Literature data and a survey of small-scale farmers’ dairy feeding strategies were used in the simulation of GHG emissions. The effect of price risks on ecoefficiencies or the amount of GHG emissions per unit of produced milk is framed as a proxy for institutional feedbacks on GHG emissions and effect at scale. This case study on small-scale dairy farmers in western Kenya illustrates the effect of local-level and sectoral-level institutional constraints, such as market risks on decision making, on GHG emissions and the effectiveness of climate action. The findings suggest that price risks are significant in incentivising the adoption of CSA technologies. Since institutional interactions influence the choice of individual farmer management actions in adaptation planning, they significantly contribute to GHG spillover at scale. This can be visualised in terms of the nexus between low or non-existent dairy feeding strategies, low herd productivity, and net higher methane emissions per unit of produced milk in a dairy value chain. The use of the Sustainable Food Value Chain (SFVC) analytical lens could mediate the identification of binding constraints, foster organisational and policy coherence, as well as broker the effective mainstreaming of agricultural emissions into local–global climate change risk management initiatives. Market risks thus provide a systematic and holistic lens for assessing alternative carbon transitions, climate financing, adaptation–mitigation dualism, and the related risk of maladaptation, all of which are integral in the planning and implementation of effective climate action initiatives.
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Ilie, Camelia, Gaston Fornes, Guillermo Cardoza, and Juan Carlos Mondragón Quintana. "Development of Business Schools in Emerging Markets: Learning through Adoption and Adaptation." Sustainability 12, no. 20 (2020): 8448. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12208448.
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The purpose of this study is to contribute to the understanding of the critical resources and capabilities that business schools (BS) have developed to achieve sustainable development. Framed within the resource-based theory, it analyzes seven of the top 50 BS from emerging markets (EM). It argues that these schools have grown through a development process of adopting and adapting business models, including teaching and research methodologies, organizational structures, and business practices; when they consolidated their local leadership, they started to follow a more idiosyncratic process. The findings shed light on the challenges that schools from EM face to deliver local impact while being measured by international standards and have implications for theory development, practice, and policymaking. In terms of theory, the findings show how the Global North model has exerted a determining influence in the development path of BS in EM, and, subsequently, how the pressure to respond to domestic demands has guided the acquisition of resources and the development of capabilities. For practice, the study reveals development patterns, clues about the challenges these BS face, and the range of solutions they have implemented. For policymaking, the case studies offer valuable lessons on how governments can design support systems for BS development.
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Zaina, Federico, Paola Branduini, and Fereshteh Zavvari. "Applying ICOMOS-IFLA Principles for the Conservation, Management and Reuse of a Historical Hydraulic System: The No-Ras Qanat in North-Western Iran." Heritage 5, no. 4 (2022): 3165–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage5040163.
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Historical hydraulic systems represent a significant part of landscapes and global heritage. However, from the second half of the 20th century onwards, substantial socio-economic as well as technological changes occurring worldwide have put them at risk of abandonment and, eventually, of disappearing. Recent studies and international conventions, including the ICOMOS-IFLA, framed historical hydraulic systems and water management techniques in a new dimension, not only as an element of the past to be preserved but an active element to achieve sustainable economic development and mitigate climate change. Those qanats or karez represented a major historical hydraulic sustainable solution for irrigation, providing a water supply, which during the last few decades, has been slowly replaced with modern, although polluting and unsustainable, technologies. Building on the recent ICOMOS-IFLA Principles Concerning Rural Landscape as Heritage and the recommendation provided by initial research, this paper aims to show how qanats can become: (1) an important local and regional cultural and natural heritage; (2) a valuable economic resource; (3) an environmentally friendly system that could at least partially replace the existing polluting solution (i.e., dams and other modern infrastructures). To achieve these goals, we propose a restoration or reuse approach for the qanat based on the necessity of multiple stakeholders at local and national levels using sustainable materials and respecting the different values as a heritage place. Our case study is the No-Ras qanat in North-western Iran. In the conclusion, we also illustrate the relevance of the aims and methods of this paper in the light of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.
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Alessa, Nazek, R. Sindhu, S. Divya, S. Eswaramoorthi, Karuppusamy Loganathan, and Kashi Sai Prasad. "Computational Analysis of Darcy–Forchheimer Flow of Cu/Al–Al2O3 Hybrid Nanofluid in Water over a Heated Stretchable Plate with Nonlinear Radiation." Micromachines 14, no. 2 (2023): 338. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14020338.
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The aim of this study is to examine the Darcy–Forchheimer flow = of H2O-based Al−Al2O3/Cu−Al2O3 hybrid nanofluid past a heated stretchable plate including heat consumption/ generation and non-linear radiation impacts. The governing flow equations are formulated using the Naiver–Stokes equation. These flow equations are re-framed by using the befitted transformations. The MATLAB bvp4c scheme is utilized to compute the converted flow equations numerically. The graphs, tables, and charts display the vicissitudes in the hybrid nanofluid velocity, hybrid nanofluid temperature, skin friction coefficient, and local Nusselt number via relevant flow factors. It can be seen that the hybrid nanofluid velocity decreased as the magnetic field parameter was increased. The hybrid nanofluid temperature tended to rise as the heat absorption/generation, nanoparticle volume friction, and nonlinear radiation parameters were increased. The surface drag force decreased when the quantity of the magnetic parameter increased. The larger size of the radiation parameter led to enrichment of the heat transmission gradient.
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Blanco-Penedo, Isabel, Javier García-Gudiño, Elena Angón, José Manuel Perea, Alfredo J. Escribano, and Maria Font-i-Furnols. "Exploring Sustainable Food Choices Factors and Purchasing Behavior in the Sustainable Development Goals Era in Spain." Sustainability 13, no. 13 (2021): 7397. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13137397.
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The aim of the present study was (1) to investigate what consumers include within the concept of food sustainability and its link with sustainable consumption, by identifying meaningful consumer typologies from the concept of food sustainability and food choice factors framed by SDG 12, and (2) to know how different farm systems attributes affecting purchase behavior are associated with such typologies. Consumers from two Spanish regions (n = 403) answered a paper questionnaire to know their degree of knowledge of sustainability, and beliefs, behavior, attitudes and preferences towards food sustainability, and the importance given to product characteristics and shopping practices. A principal component analysis was conducted to identify groups with similar answers, to average some of the questions before the final analysis of variance, which includes demographic classes as fixed effects. A cluster analysis using the most representative questions identified two clusters. cluster 1 (68.4%) responded to more sustainability-related attributes, and cluster 2 (31.5%) presented a less-expanded concept of sustainability. The origin of the product and quality certification (local, organic) was important for food purchase practices. The place of residence and gender differences of the consumers were the most influential factors. In the conjoint study, regarding the purchase of Iberian pork, cluster 1 remained unwilling to sacrifice outdoor systems and local breed at the expense of the price, in the case of the Iberian pig production. The most important demographic differentiator was the region of residence of the consumer. In conclusion, consumers are not aware of the wider aspects included in the sustainability concept. Moreover, the concept of sustainability elicits different meanings to the segments of the consumers identified.
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Simonneau, Claire. "Understanding the Weak Performance of Technology in Urban Management." International Journal of E-Planning Research 3, no. 3 (2014): 20–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijepr.2014070102.
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The article questions the appropriation of existing urban planning and management tools in Sub-Saharan Africa, through a multiple case study: the implementation of a land information system (or simplified cadastre) in three cities in Benin. An ethnographic exploration of the use of the tool is conducted. The first section presents the historical context of the design of land information systems, framed by the urban management paradigm, and unwarranted confidence in new technologies. The second section presents the theoretical framework and the methodology of the research, inspired by public policy analysis and development anthropology. The third section describes findings of the multiple case studies. A vicious circle is highlighted, made up of: lack of political support, obsolescence, and decline of cost-effectiveness. The fourth section discusses the results of the ethnographic inquiry. These are, essentially, the interpretation of the paradoxes, blockages, and conflicts in the implementation of the tool in light of social, political and economic dynamics that take place at the local level, although unexpected by the creators of the tool.
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Comerma, E., M. Espino, M. Salazar, F. Jerez, R. Madrigal, and A. S. Arcilla. "CAMCAT: an oil spill forecasting system for the Catalan-Balearic Sea based on the MFS products." Ocean Science Discussions 3, no. 5 (2006): 1791–823. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/osd-3-1791-2006.
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Abstract. The Prestige oil spill crisis (2002–2003), one of the worst oil spills that affected the Atlantic Spanish coastal line, pointed out that some management tools are needed in the form of laws, regulations and technical procedures. In particular, the issues are contingency planning and prevention against marine pollution and prediction for a proper response. In that background, the Catalan local government approved the CAMCAT (2004), a Regional contingency plan against marine pollution, to be framed within the (Spanish) National Contingency Plan. The CAMCAT contemplated the implementation of a Regional Forecasting System for the North-Western Mediterranean area, intended to help Catalan Authorities during any pollution emergency. The Laboratory of Maritime Engineering (LIM/UPC) has been responsible for the implementation of this Regional CAMCAT Forecasting System that is based (nested) on existing larger Forecasting Systems/Products, and it integrates several coastal observational data. The present paper is aiming to make an overview of the several scientific and technical activities related to the implementation and validation of the CAMCAT System.
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Smith, Ivan. "Floer Theory of Higher Rank Quiver 3-folds." Communications in Mathematical Physics 388, no. 3 (2021): 1181–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00220-021-04252-2.
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AbstractWe study threefolds Y fibred by $$A_m$$ A m -surfaces over a curve S of positive genus. An ideal triangulation of S defines, for each rank m, a quiver $$Q(\Delta _m)$$ Q ( Δ m ) , hence a $$CY_3$$ C Y 3 -category $$\mathcal {C}(W)$$ C ( W ) for any potential W on $$Q(\Delta _m)$$ Q ( Δ m ) . We show that for $$\omega $$ ω in an open subset of the Kähler cone, a subcategory of a sign-twisted Fukaya category of $$(Y,\omega )$$ ( Y , ω ) is quasi-isomorphic to $$(\mathcal {C},W_{[\omega ]})$$ ( C , W [ ω ] ) for a certain generic potential $$W_{[\omega ]}$$ W [ ω ] . This partially establishes a conjecture of Goncharov (in: Algebra, geometry, and physics in the 21st century, Birkhäuser/Springer, Cham, 2017) concerning ‘categorifications’ of cluster varieties of framed $${\mathbb {P}}GL_{m+1}$$ P G L m + 1 -local systems on S, and gives a symplectic geometric viewpoint on results of Gaiotto et al. (Ann Henri Poincaré 15(1):61–141, 2014) on ‘theories of class $${\mathcal {S}}$$ S ’.
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Urdapilleta-Carrasco, Jorge, Manuel Roberto Parra-Vázquez, and Tlacaelel Rivera-Núñez. "A Systemic and Transdisciplinary Study to Contribute to Decolonial Futures in Two Indigenous Municipalities of Chiapas, Mexico." Systems 11, no. 7 (2023): 342. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/systems11070342.
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We draw from participatory action research and sustainable livelihood approaches to integrate a systemic and transdisciplinary methodological proposal capable of contributing to decolonial futures for indigenous peoples. This methodological proposal is illustrated with two decades of research experience collaborating with Mayan Tseltal communities in Chiapas, Mexico, to contribute towards improving their life strategies. The conceptual framework employed was Local Socio-Environmental Systems, a soft system proposal made up of four sub-systems that are interrelated, based on their formations in a particular territory framed within specific historical regimes. Community workshops were organized, and ethnographic fieldwork was conducted. The findings were systematized through Grounded Theory coding processes and linguistic translation. The results focus on (a) showing the process of alignment of the transdisciplinary horizon from the interests of three groups of actors participating in the accompaniment (communities, academia and civil society), (b) analyzing the emergence of Tseltal ethos associated with territory, family lineages, community harmony and dignified life that complexified the initial methodological proposal and (c) detailing the reinterpretation and appropriation that social subjects made to the category “capitals” of the livelihood framework. We conclude by reflecting on ‘knowledge dialogues’ and epistemic decolonization to which transdisciplinary research has given rise, to the extent that the accompanied Tseltal communities are currently demanding recognition of their political autonomy from the state.
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Panju, Maha. "What Goes Around Comes Around?: The Sustainability Paradox of Second-Hand Clothing Marketplaces in a Cross-Cultural Context." East African Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 7, no. 1 (2024): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.37284/eajis.7.1.1799.
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Humanity living far beyond its planetary boundaries has galvanised a desperate scramble toward sustainability, in all its socio-economic-ecological complexity. In increasingly fragmented global(ised) arenas, however, the sustainable growth trajectories of second-hand clothing production/consumption systems have proven non-linear, disjunctive and paradox-laden. The present thesis carves out epistemic space for exploring how these exacting paradoxes are both productive of and produced by circular fashion economies. Through a place-attuned, multi-scalar and relational lens, my investigatory scope is framed by two understudied geographies of second-hand apparel trade - the mitumba industry in East Africa, and e-marketplace platforms in the Global North context. Interweaving the analytic threads of political ecology, decolonial theory and feminist reflexivity, I undertake a cross-case comparative analysis to consider: between the global, national and local, how does the notion of second-handedness refract the lifeworld of differently-located and differently-embodied actors? Navigating the complex discursive terrain of greenwashing, I first de/reconstruct self-congratulatory corporate rhetoric which deliberately conflates ‘circularity’ with ‘sustainability’. By repoliticising human/environment encounters against the grain of technocratic dogma, the viscerally embodied realities of mainstream development interventions are explicated and enlivened - rather than elided and erased. In the spirit of reflexivity, my questioning framework also attends to (im)possible moments of alterity, agency and alliance-building instantiated in/through second-hand clothing marketplaces. In juxtaposing hegemonically-framed developmentalist discourses with personal counter-narratives emerging from the ground, the resulting picture is nuanced, messy and contextually-situated. The succeeding conclusion I draw is thus demonstrative and generative of such nuance. Sustainable fashion development need not be considered an end-in-itself, but instead an enduring means to an end - however imperfect and challenging. Scholars, practitioners and activists must collectively resist apocalyptic imaginaries, which prematurely foreclose political horizons for (co-)constructing alternative Anthropocene futures
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Nabaggala, Justine. "A personal perspective on pedagogical structures and strategies that uphold Indigenous ways of knowing." Art, Design & Communication in Higher Education 20, no. 2 (2021): 129–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/adch_00035_1.
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This article gives a brief background of where I come from and how my experiences in Africa and North America have framed the ‘philosophy of teaching’ that defines me as a visual art educator. I reflect on the postcolonial concept of ‘decolonization’ as a means to identifying possible pedagogical alternatives of practice. Acknowledging that my knowledge embraces both ‘western’ and ‘Indigenous’ ways of knowing, poses a question for me as an art educator about ways to design and implement pedagogies that embrace contextualized experiences in order to achieve meaningful learning within formal education. I conclude by stating that nothing will effect change within Uganda’s education sector, particularly in reference to visual art education and practice, without educators having a firmer grasp of their scholarly standpoint on knowledge and learning. Development of concrete ways of bringing together diverse ontological, epistemological and axiological positions of western and Indigenous knowledge systems as well as art pedagogies to facilitate learning, will require educators to develop structures and strategies that progress from the bottom up in order to benefit from the values, beliefs and ways of knowing within diverse local communities.
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Hicks, Alison. "Mitigating risk: mediating transition through the enactment of information literacy practices." Journal of Documentation 75, no. 5 (2019): 1190–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jd-11-2018-0184.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present the emergent grounded theory of mitigating risk, which was produced through an analysis of the information literacy practices of English-speakers who are learning a language overseas as part of their undergraduate degree.Design/methodology/approachThe grounded theory emerges from a qualitative study that was framed by practice theory and transitions theory, and employed constructivist grounded theory, semi-structured interviews and photo-elicitation methods to explore the information activities of 26 language-learners from Australia, Canada, the UK and the USA.FindingsThe grounded theory of mitigating risk illustrates how academic, financial and physical risks that are produced through language-learner engagement overseas catalyse the enactment of information literacy practices that enable students to mediate their transition overseas.Research limitations/implicationsThis study’s theory-building is localised and contextual rather than generalisable.Practical implicationsThe grounded theory broadens librarians’ and language-educators’ knowledge of student activities during immersive educational experiences as well as extending understanding about the shape that information literacy takes within transition to a new intercultural context.Social implicationsThe grounded theory develops understanding about the role that local communities play within intercultural transition and how these groups can respond to and prepare for increasingly fluid patterns of global movement.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to an increasingly sophisticated theoretical conceptualisation of information literacy while further providing a detailed exploration of transition from an information perspective.
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Müller, A., J. Evans, C. L. R. Payne, and R. Roberts. "Entomophagy and Power." Journal of Insects as Food and Feed 2, no. 2 (2016): 121–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/jiff2016.0010.
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Edible insects are being framed as a panacea for health, resource and climate challenges, and the ‘entomophagy movement’ is growing rapidly. Yet as the insect ‘solution’ is scaled up, there is a greater focus on technical innovation and less on the structural inequalities that govern who produces within, who controls, and who benefits from the edible insect trade. We ask: To what extent is the promotion of ‘entomophagy’ challenging or reproducing power relations in global food systems? Drawing on evidence from academia, industry, and the local insect trade in Southeast Asia we critically investigate the rising interest in insects as food. We conducted a systematic literature review, a systematic company and product review of products available online, and fieldwork in Thailand where the edible insect market is growing. Our analysis suggests that the emerging edible insects movement is – generally but not exclusively – reinforcing the existing power relations that many of its actors suggest it could challenge. We conclude our paper with recommendations for further research to investigate the disparity between the claims and consequences of this ‘quick-fix’ approach to food systems. Beyond relying on solely technical and market-based solutions, we recommend more ‘power-aware’ approaches in academia and business, accountability and transparency in research and trade, more detailed critical research in different contexts, and the inclusion of marginalised actors in the discourse, as means to realise the potential of edible insects in a democratic way.
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Souza, Daniele T. P., Eugenia A. Kuhn, Arjen E. J. Wals, and Pedro R. Jacobi. "Learning in, with, and through the Territory: Territory-Based Learning as a Catalyst for Urban Sustainability." Sustainability 12, no. 7 (2020): 3000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12073000.
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Territorial problems such as the socio-ecological degradation of urban rivers represent a great challenge to achieving sustainability in cities. This issue demands collaborative efforts and the crossing of boundaries determined by actors that act from diverse spheres of knowledge and systems of practice. Based on an integrative territory notion and the boundary approach, the goal of this paper is to comprehend the boundary crossings that take place in multi-actor initiatives towards the resolution of this problem and what type of territorial transformation is produced as an outcome. Our analysis is built on participatory research on the Taquara Stream case, a degraded watercourse in a socio-ecologically vulnerable area, in southern Brazil. Our data analysis applied a visual chronological narrative and an interdisciplinary theoretical framework of analysis that combined concepts related to the territory (geography) and the boundary approach (education). We verified that local territorial issues functioned as boundary objects, fostering and facilitating dialogical interaction among involved actors, knowledge co-production, and collaborative practical actions that led to changes in the territory in terms of practices, comprehensions, and physical concrete transformations. We framed this study as one of territory-based learning meant to advance the understanding of territorial intervention processes towards urban sustainability.
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Iacob, Oana, John S. Rowan, Iain Brown, and Chris Ellis. "Evaluating wider benefits of natural flood management strategies: an ecosystem-based adaptation perspective." Hydrology Research 45, no. 6 (2014): 774–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.2014.184.
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Climate change is projected to alter river flows and the magnitude/frequency characteristics of floods and droughts. Ecosystem-based adaptation highlights the interdependence of human and natural systems, and the potential to buffer the impacts of climate change by maintaining functioning ecosystems that continue to provide multiple societal benefits. Natural flood management (NFM), emphasising the restoration of innate hydrological pathways, provides important regulating services in relation to both runoff rates and water quality and is heralded as a potentially important climate change adaptation strategy. This paper draws together 25 NFM schemes, providing a meta-analysis of hydrological performance along with a wider consideration of their net (dis) benefits. Increasing woodland coverage, whilst positively linked to peak flow reduction (more pronounced for low magnitude events), biodiversity and carbon storage, can adversely impact other provisioning service – especially food production. Similarly, reversing historical land drainage operations appears to have mixed impacts on flood alleviation, carbon sequestration and water quality depending on landscape setting and local catchment characteristics. Wetlands and floodplain restoration strategies typically have fewer disbenefits and provide improvements for regulating and supporting services. It is concluded that future NFM proposals should be framed as ecosystem-based assessments, with trade-offs considered on a case-by-case basis.
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De Rosis, Sabina, Francesca Pennucci, Daniel Adrian Lungu, Mario Manca, and Sabina Nuti. "A continuous PREMs and PROMs Observatory for elective hip and knee arthroplasty: study protocol." BMJ Open 11, no. 9 (2021): e049826. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-049826.
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IntroductionScholars, healthcare practitioners and policymakers have increasingly focused their attention on patient-centredness. Patient-reported metrics support patient-driven improvement actions in healthcare systems. Despite the great interest, patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are still not extensively collected in many countries and not integrated with the collection of patient-reported experience measures (PREMs). This protocol describes the methodology behind an innovative observatory implemented in Tuscany, Italy, aiming at continuously and longitudinally collecting PROMs and PREMs for elective hip and knee total replacement.Methods and analysisThe Observatory is digital. Enrolled patients are invited via SMS or email to online questionnaires, which include the Oxford Hip Score or the Oxford Knee Score. Data are real-time reported to healthcare professionals and managers in a raw format, anonymised and aggregated on a web platform. The data will be used to investigate the relationship between the PROMs trend and patients’ characteristics, surgical procedure, hospital characteristics, and PREMs. Indicators using patient data will be computed, and they will integrate the healthcare performance evaluation system adopted in Tuscany.Ethics and disseminationThe data protection officers of local healthcare organisations and the regional privacy office framed the initiative referring to the national and regional guidelines that regulate patient surveys. The findings will be reported both in real time and for publication in peer-reviewed journals.
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Umar, Bridget Bwalya. "Conservation Agriculture Promotion and Uptake in Mufulira, Zambia-A Political Agronomy Approach." Journal of Sustainable Development 10, no. 1 (2017): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v10n1p156.
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This study utilized 120 semi-structured interviews with smallholder farming households and two focus group discussions; as well as several key informant interviews with experts to explore the promotion and uptake of conservation agriculture (CA) in Mufulira, Zambia. Results reveal that ridges and flat culture continued to be the preferred tillage systems (97 per cent and 55 per cent respectively) despite the farmers having been trained in the use of a minimum tillage technique. None of the interviewed farmers perceived CA as a solution to any of their agricultural related problems. The NGO promoting CA in the district had framed it as suited for and claimed to target labour constrained HIV/AIDS affected households. Conversely, farmers complained that CA was challenging for them due to its high labour demands (23 per cent); poor harvests (18 per cent) and was unsuited to the rainfall patterns of the area (10 per cent). Local agricultural experts contested the promotion of basins in Mufulira. The framing of CA as a solution to labour constraints did not seem to hold in the study area. This effectively limited the contestation spaces available to the public officials with dissenting views on the suitability of basin CA in the district.
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Al Hasan, Abdullah, and Muhammad Abu Eusuf. "Study the Heat Sink Potential of Building Ground Floor Slab Integrated with ELT." Applied Mechanics and Materials 268-270 (December 2012): 967–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.268-270.967.
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The aim of this paper is to investigate the heat sink properties of ELT (end-of-life tyres) waste. A hazardous waste, ELT or massive scraped tyre waste created environmental load to the local environment. Today, when researchers think of the environmental impacts of tyres, they mostly focus on the management of tyres at the end of their useful lives. From Global perspective it is found that one billion tyres reach the end of their useful lives annually, out of which about four billion ELTs are currently in landfills and as stockpiles worldwide. Study revealed that most of the developing countries currently are not experienced with the disposal method of ELT. Besides, developed countries from Europe, USA, Japan and Singapore have framed specific law or regulation to the disposal of ELT. Recently it is obvious that should find out alternative ways as to reduce the load of massive ELT waste. Furthermore, this study has been designed to manage ELTs massive waste, experimentally. Due to fact that this research followed by an effective experimental set up to observe the real phenomena of ELT for passive cooling in hot humid and tropical climate and make comparison with conventional construction materials and systems.
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Hvelplund, Frede, and Søren Djørup. "Multilevel policies for radical transition: Governance for a 100% renewable energy system." Environment and Planning C: Politics and Space 35, no. 7 (2017): 1218–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2399654417710024.
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Transition from the stored energy of fossil fuel-based systems to fluctuating renewable energy sources requires a fundamental change in both the energy supply system and governance arrangements. According to analyses made using the Aalborg University Energy PLAN model, the infrastructure required to handle fluctuating energy – such as goals for further expanding the exploitation of wind power towards 50% of energy consumption – necessitates the integration of power, district heating, transportation and biomass production, which should be geographically distributed. To enhance our understanding of this paradigmatic technological change, this article presents both a general analysis of the regulatory consequences and a specific analysis of the immediate challenges involved in the transition process, framed within the Danish context. The general conclusion is that the required distributed, local and regional technological energy system needs a bottom up and interactive regulatory framework, where the central government should have a more reflexive and communicative role, providing services and national coordination for an energy system that contains a large share of fluctuating renewable energy sources. A specific conclusion is that the present Danish tariff principles and energy tax system should be fundamentally altered in order to better facilitate the coordination of the heat and electricity sectors, to incentivise the creation of the necessary integration infrastructure.
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Algers, Anne, Berner Lindström, and Lars Svensson. "Work-based learning through negotiated projects – exploring learning at the boundary." Higher Education, Skills and Work-Based Learning 6, no. 1 (2016): 2–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/heswbl-01-2015-0003.
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Purpose – More collaborative and open learning models are suggested as part of the paradigm shift in the way knowledge is produced, distributed, and used. The purpose of this paper is to explore a work-based learning (WBL) model, based on systemic negotiations between actors from the three parties: the academy, the industry, and the students. The purpose is to investigate how teachers, supervisors, and students value negotiated WBL as a boundary activity and to enhance the understanding of the learning potential at the boundary. Design/methodology/approach – Activity theory is used as a lens to analyse the results from a survey to the three stakeholder groups and interviews of students. The four learning mechanisms are used to explore learning at the boundary between the two activity systems. Findings – Diversity and mobility in education and work addressed by the notion of boundary crossing are associated with both challenges and a learning potential. There is a constant dynamic between structure and agency, where structure, the negotiated model, influence the individual agency. When gradually removing scaffolding students can as boundary crossers engage behaviourally, emotionally, and cognitively and have agency to handle contradictions at a local level. However, they did not seem to prioritise both systems equally but instead they were gradually socialised into the activity system of the industry. Originality/value – When WBL is framed by a negotiated partnership it can manage and customise inherent conflicts of interest and enhance individual learning opportunities at the boundary and can be conceptualised as an open learning practice.
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Abboodi, Bashar, Salvatore Flavio Pileggi, and Gnana Bharathy. "Social Networks in Crisis Management: A Literature Review to Address the Criticality of the Challenge." Encyclopedia 3, no. 3 (2023): 1157–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/encyclopedia3030084.
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This review proposes a concise literature review aimed at identifying the current body of knowledge on the adoption of Social Networks in crisis management. The major input is a structured research question based on the initial reading about the topic. Before the recent pandemic, most literature focused on local crises, with relatively few exceptions. Additionally, self-organising systems are spontaneously established between people who are affected by a crisis. The fundamental assumption underlying this study is the huge potential of Social Networks in the field of crisis management. That is supported, directly or indirectly, by a number of previous studies, which emphasise how effective adoption leads to better decision-making for crisis managers and local communities. Among the identified challenges is the need to integrate official communication by emergency agencies with citizen-generated content in a contest for credibility and trustworthiness. In certain cases, it has been reported that there is a lack of specific competence, knowledge, and expertise, as well as a lack of sufficient policies and guidelines for the use of Social Networks. Those challenges need to be framed by considering the classic difficulties of providing timely and accurate information to deal with fake news, unverified or misleading information, and information overload. Bridging major gaps through advanced analytics and AI-based technology is expected to provide a key contribution to establishing and safely enabling the practice of effective and efficient communication. This technology can help contrast dissonant mental models, which are often fostered by Social Networks, and enable shared situational awareness. Future research may take a closer look at AI technology and its impact on the role of Social Networks in managing crises.
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Zou, Sheng. "Disenchanting Trust: Instrumental Reason, Algorithmic Governance, and China’s Emerging Social Credit System." Media and Communication 9, no. 2 (2021): 140–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/mac.v9i2.3806.
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Digital technologies have provided governments across the world with new tools of political and social control. The development of algorithmic governance in China is particularly alarming, where plans have been released to develop a digital Social Credit System (SCS). Still in an exploratory stage, the SCS, as a collection of national and local pilots, is framed officially as an all-encompassing project aimed at building trust in society through the regulation of both economic and social behaviors. Grounded in the case of China’s SCS, this article interrogates the application of algorithmic rating to expanding areas of everyday life through the lens of the Frankfurt School’s critique of instrumental reason. It explores how the SCS reduces the moral and relational dimension of trust in social interactions, and how algorithmic technologies, thriving on a moral economy characterized by impersonality, impede the formation of trust and trustworthiness as moral virtues. The algorithmic rationality underlying the SCS undermines the ontology of relational trust, forecloses its transformative power, and disrupts social and civic interactions that are non-instrumental in nature. Re-reading and extending the Frankfurt School’s theorization on reason and the technological society, especially the works of Horkheimer, Marcuse, and Habermas, this article reflects on the limitations of algorithmic technologies in social governance. A Critical Theory perspective awakens us to the importance of human reflexivity on the use and circumscription of algorithmic rating systems.