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Tsamago, Hodi y Anass Bayaga. "Exploring secondary school learners' perceptions of the effectiveness of SOLEs pedagogy in physical sciences as a component of STEM". F1000Research 13 (22 de febrero de 2024): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.142056.1.
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The exploratory case study design investigated learners’ perceptions of the effectiveness of self-organized learning environments (SOLEs) pedagogy in physical sciences. Fifteen Grade 11 learners were selected using a purposive sampling method and underwent SOLEs pedagogy instruction for four weeks before they were interviewed through focus group interviews (FGIs). Data were analyzed thematically using the coding method, which was conducted on a sentence-by-sentence basis. The results indicated that learners have a positive perception towards SOLEs pedagogy, because they believe that SOLEs pedagogy enables them to link their classroom experiences with their real-life experiences; it provides them (learners) with an opportunity to simulate practical experiments in the physical sciences; it provides them with multiple channels for receiving information; it enables them to learn collaboratively and limits their reliance on the teacher. Consequently, this study’s findings justify the implementation of SOLEs pedagogy in science education at the secondary school level.
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Mulder van Staden, Suné, Carl de Villiers, Julandi Alwan, Mpho Moloi y Sibongile Mahlangu. "Oral Manifestations of Syphilis: Report of Four Cases". Pathogens 11, n.º 6 (24 de mayo de 2022): 612. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11060612.
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Syphilis is an infectious disease caused by Treponema pallidum. Syphilis can present with an array of oral manifestations at different stages of disease progression. This article reports on four cases of syphilis with oral manifestations diagnosed by oral health professionals. Case 1: 18-year-old female presented with multiple ulcerations and patches involving the hard palate, uvula, retromolar area, and papillary nodules on the tongue. Case 2: 25-year-old male presented with a solitary, exophytic lesion on the anterior tongue. Case 3: 17-year-old female presented with multiple pigmented macules on the palms of hands and soles of feet, as well as multiple exophytic, sessile, soft tissue masses throughout the oral cavity. Case 4: 14-year-old female presented with a solitary, exophytic, verrucous lesion in the incisive papilla area, as well as multiple, coalescing patches involving the soft palate, uvula, and tonsillar areas. All patients were managed by biopsy and serological investigations. Treatment of syphilis was performed at infectious disease clinics with 2.4 million units (MUs) benzathine benzylpenicillin intramuscular (IM) weekly. Oral health professionals need to have knowledge of the oral manifestations of syphilis to ensure that patients are accurately identified and appropriately treated.
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Rickards, Tracey y Tammy Cornish. "Reaching out to diabetic soles: Outreach foot care pilot project". SAGE Open Medicine 6 (enero de 2018): 205031211882003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2050312118820030.
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Objectives: To assess the effectiveness of outreach foot care services as a tool for engagement with isolated vulnerable seniors. To improve foot health of diabetic seniors, thus avoiding expensive and potentially life-threatening diabetic complications. Methods: Four validated tools are used to gather data: InLow 60-second Diabetic Foot Screen©, Short Diabetes Knowledge Instrument for Older and Minority Adults, Brief Healthcare Questionnaire (Patient Health Questionnaire-9), and the Health-Related Quality of Life Questionnaire. Results: Five monthly visits to 20 participants resulted in multiple co-morbidities being identified, improvements in foot status and diabetic knowledge realized, and determinants of health addressed. Seniors needed support and resources to engage in diabetes self-management. Conclusion: The importance of regular foot care as a key element of any self-management plan for diabetes cannot be understated, nor can increasing social services spending to include coverage for foot care thereby avoiding expensive healthcare. Using foot care as a tool for engagement conferred access to vulnerable seniors who ultimately benefited from healthcare and social interactions with a provider.
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Chaudhry, Shahrukh, Idris Akinlusi, Ted Shi y Jorge Cervantes. "Secondary Syphilis: Pathophysiology, Clinical Manifestations, and Diagnostic Testing". Venereology 2, n.º 2 (11 de abril de 2023): 65–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/venereology2020006.
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The subspecies T. pallidum pallidum is the cause of the most infamous sexually and congenitally transmitted disease, syphilis. This disease has an estimated incidence of six million infections every year. Multiple studies have noted that the prevalence of syphilis has been steadily increasing worldwide in recent decades, especially among MSMs and HIV-positive patients. Clinically, syphilis presents in four stages with multiple different clinical manifestations. In this paper, we examine the current literature to determine the history and progression, pathogenesis, clinical features, and testing of secondary syphilis. Secondary syphilis is a stage of the disease with the most exuberant local and systemic clinical manifestations. The basis of the pathogenesis of SS underscores the unique mechanisms by which Treponema pallidum utilizes to escape immune recognition while simultaneously induces inflammation. SS can affect multiple organ systems and become more than just an STD. The most common presentation of secondary syphilis is rash, which manifests as a copper-colored maculopapular lesion on the trunk, palms, and soles. Although the RPR, VDRL, and FTA-ABS tests are perhaps the most commonly used diagnostic tools for syphilis and make up the traditional and reverse algorithms, there are other methods, including morphology and immunohistochemistry.
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Frioui, Refka, Mariem Tabka, Sana Mokni, Azza Ghanem, Nedia Fetoui, Amina Ounallah, Colandane Belajouza y Mohamed Denguezli. "Warty papules on the hands and feet: Acrokeratosis verruciformis of Hopf". Our Dermatology Online 13, n.º 2 (1 de abril de 2022): 215–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.7241/ourd.20222.25.
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A 47-year-old female was referred to our department because of skin-colored lesions located mainly on the dorsum of the hands and feet. The patient had no diseases and had not taken continuous medication. The lesions were present at birth and had increased in number since then. Four more members of the family, including the mother and the uncle (mother’s brother), had similar skin lesions. A dermatological examination revealed multiple flesh-colored, flat-topped papules, about 2–5 mm in size, which were reminiscent of flat warts on the dorsum of the hands and feet (Fig. 1). A nail examination revealed thickened nails with V-shaped nicks at their free margins on the fingers of both hands (Fig. 2). The patient declined skin biopsy. We retained the diagnosis of acrokeratosis verruciformis of Hopf (AVH). AVH is a rare inherited disorder of keratinization caused by an abnormal ATP2A2 gene [1,2]. Familial cases indicate an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance, yet sporadic cases of the disease have also been reported [2]. It is characterized by multiple asymptomatic, flat-topped, skin-colored papules on the dorsum of the hands and feet. Other features may include pits on the palms and soles and nail dystrophy (pearly white nails or nails with longitudinal ridges and nicks in the free edge) [3]. AVH is diagnosed clinically, which becomes easier if there are family members with similar skin findings. Sometimes, a skin biopsy is performed to assist the diagnosis. The key features on histology are hyperkeratosis, hypergranulosis, acanthosis, papillomatosis, and circumscribed epidermal elevations known as church spires, which are a distinctive finding [1,2].
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Mahono, Charles Kurnia y Nurdjannah Jane Niode. "Secondary Syphilis Reinfection with Suspected Asymptomatic Neurosyphilis". Indonesian Journal of Case Reports 1, n.º 2 (1 de diciembre de 2023): 35–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.60084/ijcr.v1i2.119.
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Syphilis, a sexually transmitted disease caused by Treponema pallidum, poses a significant global health threat, with an annual incidence of around 12 million cases, predominantly affecting individuals aged 15-49. Reinfection occurs in 11 out of 120 patients, underscoring the importance of effective management. If untreated, 4-9% of cases may progress to early neurosyphilis, often presenting asymptomatically. We present the case of a 22-year-old male with reddish-brown patches on the face, palms, and soles, along with erythematous papules on the genital region, following a history of recent promiscuity. Physical examination revealed distinctive manifestations, including nickels and dimes on the face, syphilitic roseola, Biett's collarette on the palmoplantar region, and erythematous papules-plaques on the scrotal and penile areas. The VDRL test indicated a titer of 1:32, TPHA test >1:5120, and a non-reactive HIV rapid test. Initiating treatment with a single intramuscular injection of benzyl benzathine penicillin G (2.4 million IU) resulted in successful symptom resolution, accompanied by a four-fold decrease in VDRL titer to 1:8 by the third month. However, a subsequent increase to 1:32, following sexual intercourse in the sixth month, indicated reinfection and raised suspicions of asymptomatic neurosyphilis. The patient received oral doxycycline (100 mg twice daily) for 30 days. Unfortunately, treatment success could not be determined as the patient was lost to follow-up. This case report highlights that elevated VDRL titers signify reinfection, treatment failure, or neurosyphilis. Asymptomatic reinfection is common due to lead-time bias and partial immunity, especially with multiple episodes of syphilis. Early neurosyphilis may coexist with primary or secondary syphilis and is frequently asymptomatic. Continued efforts in monitoring and treatment adherence are crucial for effective syphilis management on a global scale.
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Mooney, Edward S. "Solve It! Multiples of Four". Mathematics Teaching in the Middle School 12, n.º 6 (febrero de 2007): 319–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mtms.12.6.0319.
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The Editorial Panel is present ing the following problem to stimulate submissions to “The Thinking of Students” department. We encourage teachers to try this problem with students and analyze the different ways that students solve it.
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Hashimoto, Kenji, Yusuke Sugahara, Hun-ok Lim y Atsuo Takanishi. "New Biped Foot System Adaptable to Uneven Terrain". Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 18, n.º 3 (20 de junio de 2006): 271–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2006.p0271.
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Many types of control have been studied assuming that soles of a biped robot’s feet contact the ground at four points. The rigid, flat soles of most such robots rarely maintain four-point contact on uneven terrain, however, and may lose balance. Solving this problem requires that both control and the foot itself be studied. We developed a new foot system, Waseda Shoes - No.1 (WS-1) to maintain four-point contact on uneven terrain, followed by Waseda Shoes - No.1 Refined (WS-1R), which solved problems with WS-1. Hardware experiment confirmed WS-1R feasibility.
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Mooney, Edward S. "The Thinking of Students: Multiples of Four". Mathematics Teaching in the Middle School 13, n.º 9 (mayo de 2008): 535–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mtms.13.9.0535.
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Page, Donna. "Two, Three, Four: Multiples in African Art". African Arts 20, n.º 4 (agosto de 1987): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3336648.
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Singh, Puneet, Swaran Singh, Dhiraj Kumar Gupta y C. S. Randhawa. "PREVALENCE OF LAMENESS AND ASSOCIATED FOOT LESIONS IN SAHIWAL DAIRY COWS". International Journal of Advanced Research 9, n.º 5 (31 de mayo de 2021): 477–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/12862.
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Lameness is 3rd most prevalent disease after mastitis and infertility, in the dairy industry today and is an important welfare issue causing significant impact on dairy economics. Lameness leads to involuntary culling of lactating dairy cattle due to significant effect on production and reproduction.Mostly lameness occurs due to foot lesions irrespective of breed, management and of animal. Two hundred and four Sahiwal dairy cows were evaluated for lameness and associated claw lesionsin the study from local dairy farms of Punjab. Clinical lameness (lameness score 2 & 3) was evident in 6 per cent of animals. After lameness scoring, each animal was restrained in chute and hooves were examined before and after paring 1 mm of hoof tissue from weight bearing surface. Seventy three per cent animals had at least one lesion in their hooves. On animal level, under run soles (45%) were found to be most prevalent claw lesion followed by white line lesions (29%), overgrown soles (7%), cork screw hooves (5%), sole avulsions (5%), sole hemorrhages (3%), heel erosions (3%), double soles (2%) and wall cracks (1%). At claw level, prevalence of lesions was 35.3 per cent, among which under run soles were the most prevalent lesion (19.3%) followed by white line lesions (16.3%), overgrown soles (2.82%), cork screw hooves (1.84%), sole avulsions (1.47%), sole hemorrhages (1.04%), heel horn erosions (0.61%), double soles (0.49%), wall cracks (0.25%) and toe hemorrhages (0.12%). Lactation length and parity had no effect on lameness. Comparatively more lesions were seen in hind limb hooves (56.8%) as compared to forelimb hooves (43.2%). Fore lateral and hind medial claws had more lesions (58.8% and 76.47%, respectively) as compared to contralateral claws 52.9% and 70.5%, respectively). Overall, a low prevalence of clinical lameness was seen in Sahiwal dairy cows.
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Jensen, Robert J. "Teaching Mathematics with Technology: Multiples". Arithmetic Teacher 35, n.º 3 (noviembre de 1987): 52–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/at.35.3.0052.
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Throughout children's study of mathematics, the concept of multiples and the skills associated with multiples play an important role. Initially, children's love of rhymes such as “two, four, six, eight, meet me at the garden gate” is extended to include skip counting with numbers other than 2. Skip counting forms the basis for the production of tables of basic multiplication facts. Children are later expected to acquire skill in accessing these multiples in random order (i.e., knowing that 7 times 2 is 14 without having to skip count by twos until 14). In intermediate grades the concept and skills related to multiples are extended to include comparisons between sets of multiples in search of common multiples or, even more restrictively, the least common multiple (LCM) of two or more numbers.
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Militello, Jacqueline Marie White, Andre Joseph Theng, Yik Lam Charmaine Kong y Jaspal Naveel Singh. "The linguistic landscape of Lamma Island". Sociolinguistic Studies 17, n.º 4 (17 de noviembre de 2023): 377–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/sols.24366.
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Lamma Island, while only a short 30-minute ferry ride from the intensely metropolitan centre of Hong Kong Island, the ‘most vertical city’ in the world, represents a rural diametric as an ‘outlying island’: lightly populated with both a long-standing local population and a transient ‘expatriate’ population. We argue that the main village Yung Shue Wan represents a ‘border nexus’ between the urban and the rural. This becomes evident through our autoethnographic linguistic landscape (LL) approach, where the four authors use four different positionalities towards understanding how displayed discourse is oriented to multiple centres of authority – that is, the municipal, regional, communal, and touristic – creating Lamma’s unique polycentric sense of place. We show that polycentricity is not only intrinsic to signs but is also contingent on those who read them. We foreground the role of autoethnographic reflexivity in LL analysis, as collaboratively studied via video conferencing tools in light of the pandemic.
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Moya-Salazar, Jeel, Richard Salazar-Hernández, Victor Rojas-Zumaran, Gloria Cruz-Gonzales y Hans Contreras-Pulache. "Cost and pollution by the use of xylene in cervical cytology in four Peruvian hospitals". F1000Research 10 (25 de agosto de 2021): 848. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.52769.1.
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Background: Cytological samples are cleared with xylene in two or three baths during a Pap test, however, this solvent has a high degree of toxicity, and being a controlled reagent infers high costs for its purchase and implications for environmental pollution. We estimated the impact of xylene during the Pap test in terms of the number of liters and cost of two baths of xylene, and also estimated the impact with three baths Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in four hospitals of EsSalud in Peru in two stages. First, the analysis of the impact due to the use of two baths of xylene was conducted during the period 2015–2019, and second, the estimates were calculated based on the assumption of three baths of xylene for the years 2020–2025. The assumption was based on the recommendations of the 2018 EsSalud cytology guideline. The monthly amount of xylene was ~10 liters per bath/month and the cost per liter was estimated at 8.13 USD (27 soles). Results: For the staining of 594,898 cytology tests, 7,848 liters of xylene were necessary, resulting in a cost of 60,861 USD (202,068 soles) during the period 2015–2019. The estimates showed a maximum assumption of 9,483 liters and 77,110 USD (256,040 soles) for the use of three baths of xylene in the four EsSalud hospitals (p = 0.0025) during the period 2020–2025. Conclusions: We determined that there was a high economic impact of using xylene with two baths from 2015 to 2019 and a dramatic increase in costs with the possible use of three baths of xylene in the Pap test for the following five years.
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Chen, Nan, Chun-Feng Li, Yong-Lin Wen, Peng Wang, Xiu-Lian Zhao y Xiao-Li Wan. "Seismic Multiple Attenuation in the Continent–Ocean Transition Zone of the Northern South China Sea". Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 11, n.º 1 (15 de enero de 2023): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse11010227.
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In this study, we process four new multichannel reflection seismic profiles acquired in 2015 and 2016 in the continent–ocean transition zone (COT) of the northern South China Sea (SCS). We apply a multi-domain, progressive, and seabed-controlled denoising technique and obtain a good denoising effect. Combining velocity analysis in the multi-round time domain and forward modeling, we analyze the types and characteristics of multiples in the study area and formulate an effective demultiple technique to attenuate strong seabed multiples, diffracted multiples from rough seafloor, and other multiples from deep reflectors. The processing results show that the sea surface-related multiple elimination technique predicts the sea surface-related multiples accurately by data convolution, and has a good effect in attenuating seabed multiples. Diffracted multiple attenuation method extracts high-frequency and high-energy diffracted multiples, and suppresses multiples by the energy ratios of multiples to primary events. To attenuate deep multiples, we select predictive deconvolution to attenuate periodic deep multiples after many trials and detailed analysis. The combination of these different techniques in sequence proves to be quite effective in attenuating different seismic multiples in the COT. The imaged crustal structures near the COT often show strong magmatism and/or basement uplifting. The faulted and thinned continental crust adjacent to the COT corresponds to the lowest free-air gravity anomalies. Gravity anomalies often increase from the COT to the oceanic crust. An exception is to the northeast of the SCS, where the relatively wide COT shows very high gravity anomalies, likely induced by mantle upwelling and serpentinization.
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Li, Nadia N. y Wenchang Chu. "Four Variants of Riemann Zeta Function". Mathematics 10, n.º 16 (19 de agosto de 2022): 2992. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10162992.
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By means of the generating function method and Dougall’s formulae for bilateral hypergeometric series, we examine four classes of infinite series, which may be considered as variants of Riemann zeta function. Several summation formulae are established in closed form, which shows remarkably that the values of these series result in multiples of integer powers of π either by rational numbers or by algebraic numbers.
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Mitev, V. Ts. "Approbation of the Averaged Method of Chain Substitutions for Three- and Four-Multiples and Multiplicative-Multiples Factor Models". Finance: Theory and Practice 26, n.º 6 (30 de diciembre de 2022): 166–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.26794/2587-5671-2022-26-6-166-174.
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The aim of the present study is to present the results of the approbation of the methodology of the averaged method of chain substitutions for three and four-multiple and multiplicative-multiple factor models and to systematize in tabular form all mathematical expressions developed so far to determine the individual factor influences by types of factor models. The relevance of the research is caused by the disadvantages and the limited applicability of the methods of deterministic factor analysis developed so far, which is one of the areas of financial and economic analysis. The scientific novelty of the research is the new mathematical expressions developed by the author for determining the individual factor influences according to the methodology of the averaged method of chain substitutions for three and four multiple and multiplicative-multiple factor models. Previous and new mathematical expressions according to the averaged method of chain substitutions are systematized by types of factor models in tabular form. The main conclusion is that the averaged method of chain substitutions has complete universality of application for all types of factor models and is characterized by accuracy and unambiguity of the results obtained for quantification of individual factor influences.
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Liu, Xiaoying, Yong Yue, Xuyang Wu, Yanhua Hao y Yong Lu. "Finite Element Analysis of Shock Absorption of Porous Soles Established by Grasshopper and UG Secondary Development". Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (18 de noviembre de 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/2652137.
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On the basis of computer aided modeling technology, this paper proposes a porous structure modeling method based on Grasshopper visual programming language and Unigraphics NX (UG) secondary development platform. The finite element model of the foot was established, and then models of shoe soles with four basic porous structures of cross, diamond, star, and x were established. Each structure was set with a cylindrical radius of 1, 2, and 3 mm, and a total of 12 porous structure sole models were established. The shock absorption effect of the sole on the foot was evaluated by the deformation of the sole, the peak plantar pressure, and the peak stress of metatarsal bones. It is found that the maximum value of the sole deformation of the diamond porous sole is 4.725 mm, the peak plantar pressure is 105.1 Pa, and the first and second metatarsal peak pressures are 2.230 MPa and 3.407 MPa, which have the best shock absorption effect. It shows that the porous structure plays an important role in the cushioning of the sole. The biomechanical effects of porous soles on feet are studied by computer-aided technology and finite element analysis. This study provides a new research method for the cushioning design of shoe soles and has important reference value for the design of footwear.
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Yanagida, Toshiaki y Takaaki Asami. "Age-Related Changes in Distribution of Body Weight on Soles of Feet for Selected Actions and Postures". Perceptual and Motor Skills 85, n.º 3_suppl (diciembre de 1997): 1263–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1997.85.3f.1263.
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We investigated age-related changes in the distribution of body weight on soles of feet in 878 healthy subjects ranging from 5 to 80 years of age. By modifying Morton's Staticometer, we constructed an instrument for measuring body-weight distribution over three areas of soles of the feet, the big toe (inner forefoot), the other four toes combined (outer forefoot) and the heels for both feet, thus a total of six areas. The weights in the six areas were recorded at the completion of nine selected actions and postures. We observed that for inhaling and exhaling standing postures, generally younger subjects had a ratio close to 1:2:3 for weights recorded for the inner toe:outer toes:heels as observed by Morton, but elderly subjects had a smaller value than 3 for the heel. The body-weight distribution tended to shift from heels to outer toes across age groups, which was more distinctly observed in women than in men.
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TUSZYŃSKI, Waldemar, Eugeniusz MATRAS, Jan WULCZYŃSKI, Witold PIEKOSZEWSKI, Marian SZCZEREK, Bogusław WOŹNIAK, Maciej WLAZŁO, Michał NOWICKI y Jacek PRZEPIÓRKA. "A TEST MACHINE AND METHODS FOR TESTING FRICTION AND WEAR OF AN ANTI-SLIP COATING DEPOSITED ON THE SOLES OF SHOES". Tribologia, n.º 4 (31 de agosto de 2017): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.6027.
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Injuries due to slips in swimming pools or toilets in hospitals are significant social problems. It primarily concerns children making use of swimming pools or hospitalised old people, and physically disabled. Thus, within the scope of a R&D project, coordinated by the company C.T. Service from Lesznowola, a formula and way of deposition for an anti-slip coating dedicated to the soles of shoes were developed in order to increase friction on wet surfaces. A special machine – T-31 Simulator – for tribological testing of the friction and wear of the soles of shoes was developed. A method for precise determination of the coefficient of friction between a sole of a shoe (with the coating or without, on dry or wet surface) and a floor material, and a method for determination of the life (resistance to abrasion) of the anti-slip coating under conditions simulating walking were developed. To verify the developed test methods, the anti-slip coating was deposited on three types of sole materials, i.e. Thunit, polyurethane, and thermoplastic rubber, sliding against four types of the floor material, i.e. floor tile “Gres,” laminated flooring, sandstone, and granite. The paper presents the developed test device and test methods for friction and wear testing of the anti-slip coating deposited on the soles of shoes. The selected research results are also presented. On their base, a very good repeatability and good resolution of the developed test methods were stated.
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Youn, Oong K. y Hua‐wei Zhou. "Depth imaging with multiples". GEOPHYSICS 66, n.º 1 (enero de 2001): 246–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1444901.
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Depth imaging with multiples is a prestack depth migration method that uses multiples as the signal for more accurate boundary mapping and amplitude recovery. The idea is partially related to model‐based multiple‐suppression techniques and reverse‐time depth migration. Conventional reverse‐time migration uses the two‐way wave equation for the backward wave propagation of recorded seismic traces and ray tracing or the eikonal equation for the forward traveltime computation (the excitation‐time imaging principle). Consequently, reverse‐time migration differs little from most other one‐way wave equation or ray‐tracing migration methods which expect only primary reflection events. Because it is almost impossible to attenuate multiples without degrading primaries, there has been a compelling need to devise a tool to use multiples constructively in data processing rather than attempting to destroy them. Furthermore, multiples and other nonreflecting wave types can enhance boundary imaging and amplitude recovery if a full two‐way wave equation is used for migration. The new approach solves the two‐way wave equation for both forward and backward directions of wave propagation using a finite‐difference technique. Thus, it handles all types of acoustic waves such as reflection (primary and multiples), refraction, diffraction, transmission, and any combination of these waves. During the imaging process, all these different types of wavefields collapse at the boundaries where they are generated or altered. The process goes through four main steps. First, a source function (wavelet) marches forward using the full two‐way scalar wave equation from a source location toward all directions. Second, the recorded traces in a shot gather march backward using the full two‐way scalar wave equation from all receiver points in the gather toward all directions. Third, the two forward‐ and backward‐propagated wavefields are correlated and summed for all time indices. And fourth, a Laplacian image reconstruction operator is applied to the correlated image frame. This technique can be applied to all types of seismic data: surface seismic, vertical seismic profile (VSP), crosswell seismic, vertical cable seismic, ocean‐bottom cable (OBC) seismic, etc. Because it migrates all wave types, the input data require no or minimal preprocessing (demultiple should not be done, but near‐surface or acquisition‐related problems might need to be corrected). Hence, it is only a one‐step process from the raw field gathers to a final depth image. External noise in the raw data will not correlate with the forward wavefield except for some coincidental matching; therefore, it is usually unnecessary to do signal enhancement processing before the depth imaging with multiples. The input velocity model could be acquired from various methods such as iterative focusing analysis or tomography, as in other prestack depth migration methods. The new method has been applied to data sets from a simple multiple‐generating model, the Marmousi model, and a real offset VSP. The results show accurate imaging of primaries and multiples with overall significant improvements over conventionally imaged sections.
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Sokoloff, A. J. y T. C. Cope. "Recruitment of triceps surae motor units in the decerebrate cat. II. Heterogeneity among soleus motor units". Journal of Neurophysiology 75, n.º 5 (1 de mayo de 1996): 2005–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1996.75.5.2005.
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1. On the basis of the orderly activation of motoneurons in a pool, one would predict that motor unit activity and whole muscle force will change at least roughly in parallel: active motor units should continue to fire as net muscle force increases and quiescent motor units should remain inactive as muscle force decreases. We have consistently observed this relationship in our studies of the medial gastrocnemius (MG) muscle, but here we report an uncoupling of the soleus muscle and some of its motor units. 2. Physiological properties and firing behaviors of 20 soleus motor units were characterized in five decerebrate cats with the use of intra-axonal stimulation and recording. Motor unit firing was elicited in reflexes initiated by muscle stretch, nerve stimulation, and mechanical stimulation of the heel. Particular emphasis was placed on the heterogenic reflexes produced in soleus by ramphold-release stretches of the MG muscle. In agreement with previous reports, either net heterogenic excitation or inhibition of the soleus muscle was produced in separate trials of MG stretch. 3. During excitation of soleus in autogenic stretch reflexes and in crossed-extension reflexes, all 20 units were recruited or increased firing, i.e., unit firing was coupled with soleus force. In the other reflexes, however, unit firing and muscle force were uncoupled for 10 of these units. Six tonically active motor units were inhibited during an increase in soleus force produced by MG stretch or by mechanical stimulation of the heel. Four motor units were activated during a decrease in soleus force produced by the same stimuli. 4. Six motor units were studied during both soleus inhibition and excitation evoked by MG stretches. One motor unit was consistently coupled to the soleus muscle response; firing increased during soleus excitation and decreased during inhibition. However, four soleus motor units were inhibited under both conditions, and one unit was excited under both conditions. Thus the firing behavior of five of these six motor units was the same in response to MG stretch, irrespective of the soleus response. 5. The uncoupling was most clearly recognized when tonically active units ceased firing during net excitation of the soleus muscle and when silent units began firing during net inhibition of the soleus muscle. Unit responses were not as striking in all trials of MG stretch (spike number increased or decreased relative to prestretch values by 1-4 spikes), but the responses were consistent across trials; in multiple stretches, spike number commonly either increased or decreased. Intertrial regularity was also observed in units for which firing was coupled with the net reflex response of the soleus muscle. 6. Divergence in the firing of soleus motor units was also observed in three cases in which records were taken simultaneously from two motor units. In one pair, one unit increased and the other decreased firing during MG stretch-evoked inhibition of soleus. In the other two pairs, one unit increased and the other decreased firing when soleus was excited by heel stimulation. In all pairs, the unit that decreased firing under these conditions had the lowest recruitment threshold in response to the soleus stretch. 7. Although all soleus motor units were classified as slow-twitch (type S), variation in their physiological properties bore some relation to firing behavior. Those units recruited during periods of soleus inhibition exhibited among the fastest conduction velocities and contraction times in our sample. In all three unit pairs sampled, the unit expressing decreases in firing had the slower conduction velocity and contraction time. 8. These findings demonstrate that soleus motor units are differentially activated and deactivated by peripheral afferents. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED)
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PINAZO Beltran, Kristhian Franchesco Paul, Jesús Miguel Angel BERRÚ Beltran y Edwin Fredy BOCARDO Delgado. "ECONOMIC-FISHING ANALYSIS OF THE PRAWN Cryphiops caementarius (MOLINA, 1782) IN THE MAJES-CAMANÁ RIVER AREQUIPA-PERÚ (2019)". Boletim do Instituto de Pesca 47 (2021): e627. http://dx.doi.org/10.20950/1678-2305/bip.2021.47.e627.
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The prawn (Cryphiops caementarius) is the only resource in the Peruvian coastal rivers that supports a commercial fishery. Bioeconomic-fishing aspects are reported based on data (fishing, costs and income derived from fishing) acquired in situ monthly in four altitudinal strata (every 200 meters above sea level - masl) of the Majes-Camaná river during 2019. The catch per unit of effort (CPUE) was expressed in kg h-1, monthly income was estimated based on the average catch values, number of tasks and price of the resource. To evaluate the profitability of the activity of an average fisherman (by stratum), a cash flow based on income and expenses was executed under situations with a constant future, using economic profitability indicators such as the Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Benefit-Cost ratio (B/C) and Discounted Payback Period (DPB). There was a predominance of the diving method, the catches (kg) and the fishing yield increased throughout the fishing period (April-December) with a maximum value of 4.8 kg h-1 (December - high strata). Investment costs per fisherman were low, roughly 1,000 soles. The sale price increases with altitude, decreasing over the course of the year depending on the availability of the resource; the monthly income per fisherman varied from 964 soles (April - low stratum) to 6,760 soles (December - high stratum). The economic simulation model showed that the income exceeded the costs of the fishing activity from the first year of activity in all the altitudinal strata, the economic profitability indicators showed high profitability for the activity.
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Urooj, Syeda Faiza, Muhammad Anees Khan y Muzammal Ilyas Sindhu. "Relationship between Earning Multiples, Corporate Governance and Earnings Management Practices: An Empirical View with a Mediation Analysis". Global Social Sciences Review IV, n.º I (30 de marzo de 2019): 387–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(iv-i).50.
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This paper investigated the effect of corporate governance in improving the earnings multiple and reducing the discretionary accruals. This study developed four econometrics models. Random effect model employed for examining the first three econometric models, while for the fourth econometric model study used Andrew F. Hayes mediation process. Results suggest that BOD size, BOD meetings and audit committee size has a significant positive impact on earnings multiples, while earnings multiples have a negative impact on dictionary accrual. Moreover, BOD size and audit committee size has a significant negative impact on dictionary accrual, whereas BOD meetings and employee ownership has a significant positive impact on dictionary accrual. The results further revealed the novel link that earnings multiples partially mediate the relationship between corporate governance variables and dictionary accrual. The new findings provide important insights for all the stakeholders like government, practitioners, academia, researchers, banks, Bursa Malaysia, security commission and public listed companies.
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Kittelsrud, Julie, Erik A. Ehli, Vikki Petersen, Tammy Jung, Gonneke Willemsen, Dorret Boomsma y Gareth E. Davies. "Establishment of the Avera Twin Register in the Midwest USA". Twin Research and Human Genetics 20, n.º 5 (22 de agosto de 2017): 414–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/thg.2017.45.
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The Avera Twin Register (ATR) aims to study environmental and genetic influences on health and disease using a longitudinal repository of biological specimens, survey data, and health information provided by multiples and their family members. The ATR is located in Sioux Falls, South Dakota, which is a rural and frontier area in the Midwestern United States with a density of four people per square kilometer. The target area of the ATR is South Dakota and the four surrounding states: Minnesota, Iowa, North Dakota, and Nebraska. Enrollment of twins and higher-order multiples of all ages and their family members started on May 18, 2016. A description of the first 13 months of enrollment in this longitudinal register will be provided. The ATR will collect longitudinal data on lifestyle, including diet and activity levels, aging, complex traits, and diseases. Upon registration, all participants are genotyped on the Illumina Global Screening Array (GSA) and twins and higher order multiples receive information on their zygosity. The ATR aims to contribute to large international GWAS consortia and collaborates closely with the Netherlands Twin Register, allowing for the comparison of collected data and analyses of results. In addition, the ATR will address twin-specific questions.
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Al Essa, M. A., M. S. Rashed y P. T. Ozand. "Tyrosinaemia type II: an easily diagnosed metabolic disorder with a rewarding therapeutic response". Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 5, n.º 6 (15 de diciembre de 1999): 1204–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.26719/1999.5.6.1204.
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We retrospectively reviewed clinical and biochemical data of four patients diagnosed with tyrosinaemia type II. Diagnosis was established by high plasma tyrosine and normal plasma phenylalanine levels using plasma high-pressure liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. All patients were mildly mentally retarded and had painful non-pruritic and hyperkeratotic plaques on the soles and palms. There were no ophthalmic symptoms. The patients dramatically responded clinically and biochemically to a diet restricted in tyrosine and phenylalanine
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Palomaki, Glenn E., George J. Knight, Geralyn Lambert-Messerlian, Jacob A. Canick y James E. Haddow. "Four Years' Experience With an Interlaboratory Comparison Program Involving First-Trimester Markers of Down Syndrome". Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 134, n.º 11 (1 de noviembre de 2010): 1685–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2009-0670-oar.1.
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Abstract Context.—We initiated a voluntary, self-funded interlaboratory comparison program in the fall of 2005 because no proficiency testing program was available to laboratories in North America offering first-trimester, combined serum and ultrasound, Down syndrome screening. Objectives.—To evaluate the first 4 years of the interlaboratory comparison program against stated goals, to identify areas of concern, and to create new initiatives as indicated. Design.—Five serum samples are distributed 3 times a year to be tested for pregnancy-associated plasma protein A, human chorionic gonadotropin or its β subunit, and dimeric inhibin-A; participants convert these results into multiples of the median. Patient histories include nuchal translucency information that enables the calculation of the risk of Down syndrome. Also included are educational components linked to interlaboratory comparison program results. Assessment of integrated (first- and second-trimester markers) risks is accomplished by having participants combine interlaboratory comparison program results with their results from a second-trimester proficiency testing program administered by the College of American Pathologists. Results.—The precision profile for pregnancy-associated plasma protein A shows decreasing coefficients of variation with increasing pregnancy-associated plasma protein A concentrations and multiples of the median (25% to 11% and 30% to 15%, respectively). In contrast, coefficients of variation are a relatively constant 12% throughout the entire range of human chorionic gonadotropin results. On a logarithmic scale, the median coefficient of variation of the risk of Down syndrome is 9%. Conclusions.—Participants in the interlaboratory comparison program reliably measure analytes, compute multiples of the median, and calculate consistent Down syndrome risks. Assays for the measurement of pregnancy-associated plasma protein A are not standardized and are less precise than those for human chorionic gonadotropin. Participants calculate reliable median equations given sonographer-specific sets of paired crown-rump length and nuchal translucency measurements.
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Dubois, Betty Lou. "“Something on the order of around forty to forty-four”: Imprecise numerical expressions in biomedical slide talks". Language in Society 16, n.º 4 (diciembre de 1987): 527–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404500000361.
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ABSTRACTTo investigate forms and functions of imprecise numerical expressions in biomedical slide talks, tokens were extracted from fifty-two talks presented at the 1979 annual meeting of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. Imprecise expressions include rounding, extreme rounding (to multiples of five or ten), ranges (both explicit and implicit), common fractions, and common multiples, all of which can be hedged, either simply or multiply. Imprecision can be occasioned by factors such as preliminary nature of results, small number of experimental animals, questionably applicable technique or apparatus, and inability to measure all members of a class. Rhetorically, imprecision foregrounds other, more precise quantities which the experimenter considers important, and thus, it can be seen as modality. Imprecision marks the talks as preinformation in Ziman's model of the social production of science and also as simultaneous popularization and peer communication. (Biomedical slide talks, imprecise numerical expressions, scientific rhetoric, modality, Zimanian social production of science)
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Battye, Richard A., Nicholas S. Manton y Paul M. Sutcliffe. "Skyrmions and the α-particle model of nuclei". Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 463, n.º 2077 (12 de septiembre de 2006): 261–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2006.1767.
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We compute new solutions of the Skyrme model with massive pions. Concentrating on baryon numbers which are multiples of four, we find low-energy Skyrmion solutions that are composed of charge four subunits, as in the α-particle model of nuclei. We summarize our current understanding of these solutions, and discuss their relationship to configurations in the α-particle model.
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Ikelle, Luc T., Lasse Amundsen y Seung Yoo. "An optimization of the inverse scattering multiple attenuation method for OBS and VC data". GEOPHYSICS 67, n.º 4 (julio de 2002): 1293–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1500392.
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The inverse scattering multiple attenuation (ISMA) algorithm for ocean‐bottom seismic (OBS) data can be formulated in the form of a series expansion for each of the four components of OBS data. Besides the actual data, which constitute the first term of the series, each of the other terms is computed as a multidimensional convolution of OBS data with streamer data, and aims at removing one specific order of multiples. If the streamer data do not contain free‐surface multiples, we found that the computation of only the second term of the series is needed to predict and remove all orders of multiples, whatever the water depth. As the computation of the various terms of the series is the most expensive part of ISMA, this result can produce significant savings in computation time, even in data storage, as we no longer need to store the various terms of the series. For example, if the streamer data contained free‐surface multiples, OBS seismic data of 6‐s duration, corresponding to a geological model of the subsurface with 250‐m water depth, require the computation of five terms of the series for each of the four components of OBS data. With the new implementation, in which the streamer data do not contain free‐surface multiples, we need the computation of only one term of the series for each component of the OBS data. The saving in CPU time for this particular case is at least fourfold. The estimation of the inverse source signature, which is an essential part of ISMA, also benefits from the reduction of the number of terms needed for the demultiple to two because it becomes a linear inverse problem instead of a nonlinear one. Assuming that the removal of multiple events produces a significant reduction in the energy of the data, the optimization of this problem leads to a stable, noniterative analytic solution. We have also adapted these results to the implementation of ISMA for vertical‐cable (VC) data. This implementation is similar to that for OBS data. The key difference is that the basic model in VC imaging assumes that data consist of receiver ghosts of primaries instead of the primaries themselves. We have used the following property to achieve this goal. The combination of VC data with surface seismic data, which do not contain free‐surface multiples, allows us to predict free‐surface multiples and receiver ghosts as well as the receiver ghosts of primary reflections. However, if the direct wave arrivals are removed from the VC data, this combination will not predict the receiver ghosts of primary reflections. The difference between these two predictions produces data containing only receiver ghosts of primaries.
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Kim, Geun Young, Somin Jung, Won Jung Ha, Ki-Ho Cho, Sang-Kwan Moon, Woo-Sang Jung y Seungwon Kwon. "A Case Report of Treating Hot Palms and Feet at Night with <i>Sammulhwanggeum-tang</i>". Journal of Internal Korean Medicine 43, n.º 2 (31 de mayo de 2022): 237–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.22246/jikm.2022.43.2.237.
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Objective: The purpose of this study is to report the clinical treatment of a nighttime sensation of heat on the palms and soles of the feet of a 71-year-old female patient using <i>Sammulhwanggeum-tang</i>.Methods: <i>Sammulhwanggeum-tang</i> was administered for 19 days to reduce the patient’s symptoms, which were assessed using a visual analog scale (VAS) and by duration.Results: The heat sensation began to improve after four days and continued to do so for the subsequent 15 days. From May 12, X to May 30, X, the degree of subjective symptoms decreased from a VAS score of 10 before treatment to 0 after treatment, and their daily duration decreased from 10 to 0 hours. In addition, considering that the duration of the patient’s symptoms was about 30 days, the duration of the symptoms decreased to 17 days, including the period before the start of treatment.Conclusion: This clinical study suggests that <i>Sammulhwanggeum-tang</i> might be effective in resolving the sensation of heat on the palms and soles of the feet at night.
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Hur, Yoon-Mi. "Changes in Multiple Birth Rates and Parental Demographic Factors in South Korea During the Last Four Decades: 1981–2019". Twin Research and Human Genetics 24, n.º 3 (junio de 2021): 163–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/thg.2021.23.
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AbstractOver the previous decades, twinning rates worldwide have increased remarkably. This study aimed to describe changes in multiple birth rates and related demographic characteristics, such as maternal age and the level of education of parents in South Korea from 1981 to 2019. This study analyzed birth data obtained from the Korean Statistical Information Service. From 1981 to 2019, the total twinning rate increased from 5 to 22.5 pairs per 1000 births. This rapid increase was due to an increase in dizygotic twin births, which mainly occurred in mothers aged between 30 and 39 years. The average maternal age of multiples increased from 26.06 years in 1981 to 33.98 years in 2019, suggesting that a delay in childbearing contributed to the increase in the twinning rate. The percentage of mothers of multiples who completed a college or higher degree (CHD) increased by 1000% from 1981 to 2019, indicating that a sharp increase in the level of education of females in part explains the delay in childbearing. The percentages of individuals who completed a CHD were higher among parents of multiples than among those of singletons in recent years when public funding arrangements for fertility treatments were available. This result suggested that completion of higher education may be associated with increased use of assisted reproductive technology (ART) independent of the financial status of couples. Taken together, the analysis suggested that increased maternal age, ART and the increased number of females who completed CHD may be responsible for the remarkable increase in the rates of multiple births in South Korea in the last four decades.
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Fajal, Bruno, Dominique Marguerie, Iléana Bucur y Philippe Bernouis. "L’atelier de potier médiéval de la Picaudière (La Haute-Chapelle, Orne) : four, soles et combustible". ArchéoSciences, n.º 39 (31 de diciembre de 2015): 177–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/archeosciences.4485.
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Tinti, Fausto, Corrado Piccinetti, Stefano Tommasini y Maria Vallisneri. "Mitochondrial DNA Variation, Phylogenetic Relationships, and Evolution of Four Mediterranean Genera of Soles (Soleidae, Pleuronectiformes)". Marine Biotechnology 2, n.º 3 (mayo de 2000): 274–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s101269900035.
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Mamiya, Shotaro, Shigenori Sano y Naoki Uchiyama. "Foot Structure with Divided Flat Soles and Springs for Legged Robots and Experimental Verification". Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 28, n.º 6 (20 de diciembre de 2016): 799–807. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2016.p0799.
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[abstFig src='/00280006/03.jpg' width='300' text='Robotic foot adaptable to rough terrain' ] Practical ambulation must be realized by walking robots to enable social and industrial support by walking robots in human living environments. A four-legged robot that walks through rough terrain effectively does not erase the fact that most legged robots – particularly biped robots – have difficulty negotiating rough terrain. We focus below on a foot structure and landing control for enabling any type of legged robot to walk through rough terrain. When a walking robot lands on the ground, it is difficult to detect the detailed geometry and dynamic properties of the ground surface. The new foot structure we propose adapts to ground surfaces that have different geometries and hardness. The foot has four-part flat soles. The landing controller we apply to a robot with our proposed foot structure increases the stability of contact with the ground. We verify the effectiveness of our proposed foot structure in experiments.
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Liu, Xiaoying, Chengtao Ye, Chongning Wang, Jiandong Zhao, Xin Tong y Xianwei Huang. "Study on Vibration Damping and Buffering Mechanism of Soles With Layered Gradient Lattice Structure". International Journal of Acoustics and Vibration 29, n.º 1 (29 de marzo de 2024): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.20855/ijav.2024.29.12004.
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The damping performance of shoes is becoming increasingly important. In general, lattice materials have excellent mechanical properties, such as high specific strength and high specific rigidity, which are widely used in various fields of modern industry. In this paper, four different lattice structures are used in soles and analyzed for shock absorption. Firstly, hierarchical gradient structures are designed based on the four lattice structures, each with six series of gradients, respectively. Secondly, the modal test of the ordinary sole was carried out, and the finite element analysis results are compared and verified. Finally, the vibration reduction effect of each sole is evaluated by the acceleration vibration level difference, power flow, and the vibration energy flux ratio. The results show that the sole with an X lattice structure and Series 6 gradient has the best vibration damping performance. This paper provides a method and basis for the design and optimization of shoes in the future.
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Kenyon, A. P., R. M. Tribe, C. Nelson-Piercy, J. C. Girling, C. Williamson, P. T. Seed, S. Vaughan-Jones y A. H. Shennan. "Pruritus in pregnancy: a study of anatomical distribution and prevalence in relation to the development of obstetric cholestasis". Obstetric Medicine 3, n.º 1 (marzo de 2010): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/om.2010.090055.
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The main objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and anatomical distribution of pruritus in 6532 pregnant women from a UK antenatal population. Pregnant women attending and completing antenatal care at two general hospitals over a 12-month period were recruited and contacted on three occasions by post. Medical advice and a questionnaire detailing the nature and severity of their pruritus were included. Pruritus in pregnancy, as reported by questionnaire, affected approximately 23% of pregnancies ( n = 1521/6532 women) and 1.6% ( n = 25) of these women developed obstetric cholestasis (OC). Overall, 0.66% of the antenatal population (43/6532) had a clinical diagnosis of OC (95% CI: 0.48–0.89%). Itching unrelated to OC was most commonly reported to be worst on the abdomen (31%, 616/2014). Women with OC reported pruritus to be most severe on the palms and soles in 16% (4/25) and ‘all over’ in 24% (6/25) compared with 5% (54/1120) ( P < 0.05) and 4% (42/1120, P < 0.0001) of those without OC. In conclusion, pruritus affected approximately one in four women and OC one in 135 women during the study period. Women whose pruritus is ‘all over’ or most severe on the ‘palms or soles’ may be at greater risk of the disease.
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Moyo, Vusani y Fidelis Mache. "Inferring The Cost Of Equity: Does The CAPM Consistently Outperform The Income And Multiples Valuation Models?" Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) 34, n.º 3 (7 de mayo de 2018): 519–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v34i3.10174.
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A number of surveys reveal that a large number of analysts, valuation experts, investors, chief financial officers and finance academics employ the capital asset pricing model (CAPM) of Sharpe (1962) and Lintner (1965) to estimate the cost of equity. There are, however, a number of alternative valuation models that can be used to infer the cost of equity. These alternative equity valuation models include the constant growth dividend discount, the earnings and book market multiples, the residual income and the Ohlson and Juettner-Nauroth (2005) abnormal earnings growth (AEG) models. Using four mature retail firms listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange, this paper tested for the equivalence of these models to the CAPM in estimating the cost of equity. The study found that the variants of the constant growth dividend discount and the AEG models give similar estimates which are closer to those of the CAPM. The variants of the price-to-earnings market multiples, price-to-book market multiples, and residual income models all yield estimates that are higher than those of the CAPM. Finally, the estimates seem to be affected by the stability of the firm’s earnings and financial position.
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MIRALLES, AURÉLIEN, CÉSAR L. BARRIO-AMORÓS, GILSON RIVAS y JUAN C. CHAPARRO-AUZA. "Speciation in the "Várzéa" flooded forest: a new Mabuya (Squamata, Scincidae) from Western Amazonia". Zootaxa 1188, n.º 1 (28 de abril de 2006): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1188.1.1.
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Mabuya altamazonica sp. nov. is described from Peruvian Amazonia. This species is sympatric with M. nigropunctata. Despite their superficial similarity, those two Amazonian species could be differentiated both by cephalic scalation characters and molecular results (12S rRNA). Mabuya altamazonica sp. nov. differs from all Amazonian and Andean species of Mabuya by the combined presence of (1) paired prefrontals and frontoparietals, (2) a single pair of nuchals, (3) four supraoculars, (4) five subequal supraciliaries, (5) seven supralabials with the fifth being the largest and placed under the eye, (6) parietals in contact behind the interparietal and (7) dark palms and soles.
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Hay, D. A., C. Gleeson, C. Davies, B. Lorden, D. Mitchell y L. Paton. "What Information Should the Multiple Birth Family Receive Before, During and After the Birth?" Acta geneticae medicae et gemellologiae: twin research 39, n.º 2 (abril de 1990): 259–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001566000005481.
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AbstractAdvances in the management of the multiple pregnancy and delivery must be accompanied by corresponding improvements in service access outside key centres and especially in the information families receive about what may happen during or after the pregnancy. A major review of birthing services in Victoria has focussed attention on four areas where the quality of information is often inadequate. 1) Prepregnancy and the standard of counselling about the incidence of multiples as a result of fertility drugs and in vitro fertilization procedures and about problems which may accompany a multiple birth. 2) Antenatal: At what stage of the pregnancy should parents be told of the multiple pregnancy and how should monitoring of the mother and procedures such as bedrest take into account what are often conflicting demands within the family? 3) Perinatal: Families are frequently illprepared for a cesarean delivery and for the procedures for premature multiples. The problem is often compounded by separation of the mother from one or both twins. While bereavement services are improving, much still needs to be learned about handling congenital abnormalities in one or more multiples. 4) Postnatal: Irrespective of the level of prenatal advice, families greatly underestimate the workload with multiples. The resulting stress contributes to the incidence of postnatal depression, child abuse and divorce now being reported from multiple birth families. Some suggestions are made from social psychology and genetic counselling about how families can best handle risk information to achieve the goal of neither under- nor overestimating the risks at these different stages of the multiple pregnancy.
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Angay-Crowder, Tuba, Jayoung Choi y Youngjoo Yi. "Putting Multiliteracies Into Practice: Digital Storytelling for Multilingual Adolescents in a Summer Program". TESL Canada Journal 30, n.º 2 (26 de septiembre de 2013): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.18806/tesl.v30i2.1140.
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In this article we demonstrate how we created a context in which digital story- telling was designed and implemented to teach multilingual middle school stu- dents in the summer program sponsored by a local nonprofit organization, the Latin American Association, in a city in the southeastern United States. While implementing the notion of multiliteracies (New London Group, 1996) in the Digital Storytelling classroom, we designed tasks and activities that were aligned with the four components of a multiliteracies pedagogy (i.e., situated practice, overt instruction, critical framing, and transformative practice) in order to engage the students in exploring their multiple literacies and identities by using multiple semiotic modes and resources (e.g., texts, images, and sounds). Our digital sto- rytelling lessons show that multiliteracies practices can be a powerful venue for second-language learners and teachers. We further discuss how multiliteracies practices like digital storytelling can be adapted to other educational contexts.Dans cet article, nous expliquons la conception et la mise en œuvre d’une nar- ration numérique pour enseigner à des élèves plurilingues à l’élémentaire dans le cadre d’un programme d’été parrainé par un organisme local à but non-lu- cratif, la Latin American Association, dans une ville du sud-est des États-Unis. Pendant la mise en œuvre de la notion de littératies multiples (New London Group, 1996), nous avons conçu des tâches et des activités conformes aux quatre composantes d’une pédagogie axée sur les littératies multiples (c.-à-d., une pra- tique localisée, une pédagogie ouverte, un encadrement critique et une pratique transformative) de sorte à engager les élèves dans l’exploration de leurs littératies et leurs identités multiples par l’emploi d’une diversité de modes sémiotiques et de ressources (par ex. textes, images, sons). Nos leçons basées sur la narration numérique démontrent que les pratiques axées sur les littératies multiples peu- vent constituer de puissants outils pour les apprenants et les enseignants en langue seconde. Nous terminons par une discussion des possibilités d’adapter les pratiques axées sur les littératies multiples, comme la narration numérique, à d’autres contextes pédagogiques.
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Parsonson, Andrew O., Sunit Sarkar, Lauren Brown, Belinda Kiely y Anuradha Vasista. "Abstract P3-01-10: Going beyond the median: Estimating survival times for patients with hormone receptor positive, metastatic breast cancer commencing endocrine therapy". Cancer Research 83, n.º 5_Supplement (1 de marzo de 2023): P3–01–10—P3–01–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs22-p3-01-10.
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Abstract Background: Oncologists are often asked to provide information about expected survival times for patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC). We have previously demonstrated that using estimates of best-case, typical and worst-case scenarios for survival to explain life expectancy conveys more meaning and hope than simply providing single point estimates of the median overall survival (OS). Our aim was to assess whether using simple multiples of the median could accurately assess scenarios for survival for patients with estrogen receptor (ER) positive, MBC starting endocrine therapy (ET) using simple multiples of the median. Methods: We systematically searched for randomised trials of ET for ER positive MBC. We then recorded the following percentiles (representative scenarios) from the OS curve of each trial using UN-SCAN-IT® graph digitising software: 90th (worst-case), 75th (lower-typical), 50th (median) 25th (upper-typical), and 10th (best-case). We assessed the accuracy of estimating these percentiles for each OS curve by multiplying the median OS by four simple multiples: 0.25 (to estimate the 90th percentile), 0.5 (75th), 2 (25th) and 3 (10th). Estimates were deemed accurate if within 0.75 -1.33 times the actual value. Results: We identified 24 trials with 10,068 patients. The median OS (interquartile range [IQR]) was: 61.3 months (53.4-64.8) for first-line ET with cyclin-dependant kinase 4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) (4 treatment groups); 42.6 months (40.9-50.4) for first-line ET alone (23 treatment groups) and 29.2 months (24.8-33.4) for subsequent line ET (21 treatment groups). The median OS (IQR) for each scenario for first-line ET with CDK4/6i was: worst-case 17.4 months (13.8-20.7); lower-typical 32.5 months (29.3-34.9); upper-typical and best-case percentiles were not available. Simple multiples of the median OS accurately estimated the 90th percentile in 79%; 75th percentile in 93%; and 25th percentile in 76% of curves. The 10th percentile was only available for four OS curves and could not be accurately assessed. Conclusion: Using simple multiples of the median OS to estimate and explain survival times to patients with MBC starting ET, is accurate and meaningful. Longer follow-up of trials is required to help clinician’s estimate the best-case scenario for these patients. Citation Format: Andrew O. Parsonson, Sunit Sarkar, Lauren Brown, Belinda Kiely, Anuradha Vasista. Going beyond the median: Estimating survival times for patients with hormone receptor positive, metastatic breast cancer commencing endocrine therapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2022 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2022 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(5 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-01-10.
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Xiao, Yilin, Dayong Hu, Zhiqiang Zhang, Baoqing Pei, Xueqing Wu y Peng Lin. "A 3D-Printed Sole Design Bioinspired by Cat Paw Pad and Triply Periodic Minimal Surface for Improving Paratrooper Landing Protection". Polymers 14, n.º 16 (11 de agosto de 2022): 3270. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14163270.
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Paratroopers are highly susceptible to lower extremity impact injuries during landing. To reduce the ground reaction force (GRF), inspired by the cat paw pad and triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS), a novel type of bionic cushion sole for paratrooper boots was designed and fabricated by additive manufacturing. A shear thickening fluid (STF) was used to mimic the unique adipose tissue with viscoelastic behavior found in cat paw pads, which is formed by a dermal layer encompassing a subcutaneous layer and acts as the primary energy dissipation mechanism for attenuating ground impact. Based on uniaxial compression tests using four typical types of cubic TPMS specimens, TPMSs with Gyroid and Diamond topologies were chosen to fill the midsole. The quasi-static and dynamic mechanical behaviors of the bionic sole were investigated by quasi-static compression tests and drop hammer tests, respectively. Then, drop landing tests at heights of 40 cm and 80 cm were performed on five kinds of soles to assess the cushioning capacity and compare them with standard paratrooper boots and sports shoes. The results showed that sports shoes had the highest cushioning capacity at a height of 40 cm, whereas at a height of 80 cm, the sole with a 1.5 mm thick Gyroid configuration and STF filling could reduce the maximum peak GRF by 15.5% when compared to standard paratrooper boots. The present work has implications for the design of novel bioinspired soles for reducing impact force.
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O'toole, Ashley y Maureen O'malley. "Unilateral Keratoderma in a Mother and Her Son". Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery 16, n.º 4 (julio de 2012): 288–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/120347541201600413.
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Background: Keratoderma is a group of conditions characterized by hyperkeratosis affecting the skin on the soles of the feet and palms of the hands bilaterally. The classification of keratodermas depends on whether it is inherited or acquired and on its clinical features, including diffuse or focal involvement of the skin and the morphology of lesions present. Case Report: We describe the rare case of a 54-year-old female who presented with a nearly 40-year history of punctate keratoderma on her right palm and sole. History taking revealed that her biologic son also has unilateral left-sided keratoderma. The clinical presentation of unilateral keratoderma has been reported only four times in the literature.
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Goodman, Joshua, Oded Gurantz y Jonathan Smith. "Take Two! SAT Retaking and College Enrollment Gaps". American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 12, n.º 2 (1 de mayo de 2020): 115–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/pol.20170503.
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Only half of SAT-takers retake the exam, with even lower retake rates among low-income students and underrepresented minority (URM) students. We exploit discontinuous jumps in retake probabilities at multiples of 100, driven by left-digit bias, to estimate retaking’s causal effects. Retaking substantially improves SAT scores and increases four-year college enrollment rates, particularly for low-income and URM students. Eliminating disparities in retake rates could close up to 10 percent of the income-based gap and up to 7 percent of the race-based gap in four-year college enrollment rates of high school graduates. (JEL I21, I23, I24, J15)
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Wang, Rui, Lisheng Wei, Zhengyan Gu y Xiaohui Liu. "Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Shoe Soles via Binocular Vision Based on Improved Matching Cost". Mathematics 10, n.º 19 (28 de septiembre de 2022): 3548. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10193548.
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Aiming at the problem that the toe cap and upper part of the sole of a shoe easily appear missing when using binocular vision to reconstruct the shoe sole in the industrial production process, an improved matching cost calculation method is proposed to reconstruct shoe soles in three dimensions. Firstly, a binocular vision platform is built, and Zhang’s calibration method is used to obtain the calibration parameters. Secondly, the method of fusing Census and BT costs is used to calculate the matching cost of the image, so that the matching cost calculation result is more accurate. On this basis, 4-path aggregation is performed on the obtained cost, and the optimal matching cost is selected in combination with the WTA algorithm. Finally, left–right consistency detection and median filtering are used to optimize the disparity map and combine the camera calibration parameters to reconstruct the shoe sole in three dimensions. The experimental results show that the average mismatch rate of the four images on the Middlebury website in this method is about 6.57%, the reconstructed sole point cloud contour information is complete, and there is no material missing at the toe and heel.
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Shchagina, Olga, Valeriy Fedotov, Tatiana Markova, Olga Shatokhina, Oksana Ryzhkova, Tatiana Fedotova y Aleksander Polyakov. "Palmoplantar Keratoderma: A Molecular Genetic Analysis of Family Cases". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, n.º 17 (24 de agosto de 2022): 9576. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23179576.
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Palmoplantar keratoderma is a clinically polymorphic disorder with a heterogeneous etiology characterized by marked hyperkeratotic lesions on the surface of palms and soles. Hereditary forms of palmoplantar keratoderma usually have autosomal dominant inheritance and are caused by mutations in dozens of genes, most of which belong to the keratin family. We carried out clinical and molecular genetic analysis of the affected and healthy members of four families with autosomal dominant palmoplantar keratoderma. In three out of four family cases of autosomal dominant palmoplantar keratoderma, the following molecular genetic causes were established: in two families—previously non-described missense mutations in the AQP5 gene (NM_001651.4): c.369C>G (p.(Asn123Lys)) and c.103T>G (p.(Trp35Gly)); in one family—a described splice site mutation in the KRT9 gene (NM_000226.4): c.31T>G. In one family, the possible cause of palmoplantar keratoderma was detected—a variant in the KRT1 gene (NM_006121.4): c.931G>A (p.(Glu311Lys)).
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Amir, Omniat, Priyadarshi Prajjwal, Pugazhendi Inban, Srikanth Gadam, Soumya Aleti, Rayyan Rafik Sunasra, Karan Gupta, Mustafa Elhag, Mohammed Mahmoud y Omklthoum Alsir. "Neurological involvement, immune response, and biomarkers in Kawasaki disease along with its pathogenesis, therapeutic and diagnostic updates". F1000Research 12 (2 de marzo de 2023): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.130169.1.
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Kawasaki disease is an acute, febrile disease that is not typically fatal if treated and affects infants and children more commonly. More than 80% of the afflicted patients are under the age of four. This disease most commonly affects coronary arteries. In a minority of cases, Aneurysms can burst or produce thrombosis, and they can cause infarction. The distinctive redness in the palms and soles of the feet might result from a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction to a cross-reactive or recently discovered antigen (s). Autoantibodies against epithelial cells and smooth muscle cells are produced as a result of subsequent macromolecule synthesis and polyclonal white blood cell activation, which intensifies the redness. Kawasaki disease's clinical manifestations range from oral skin disease to the blistering of the mucosa, symptoms involving the hands and the feet, skin disease of the palms and soles, a desquamative rash, and cervical lymphatic tissue enlargement (so it is also referred to as tissue layer lymphatic tissue syndrome). Most untreated patients develop some vessel sequelae, from well-organized coronary inflammation to severe arterial blood vessel dilatation to giant artery aneurysms with rupture or occlusion, infarction, and thrombosis. With human gamma globulin administration, reasonable standards of medical care, and the use of analgesics, the speed of symptomatic progression and inflammatory artery changes are reduced. In this review, we have covered the immunology of Kawasaki disease, its biomarkers, and the neurological manifestations of this multisystem illness. We have also included a discussion on its pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment.
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Amir, Omniat, Priyadarshi Prajjwal, Pugazhendi Inban, Srikanth Gadam, Soumya Aleti, Rayyan Rafik Sunasra, Karan Gupta, Mustafa Elhag, Mohammed Mahmoud y Omklthoum Alsir. "Neurological involvement, immune response, and biomarkers in Kawasaki disease along with its pathogenesis, therapeutic and diagnostic updates". F1000Research 12 (3 de abril de 2023): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.130169.2.
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Kawasaki disease is an acute, febrile disease that is not typically fatal if treated and affects infants and children more commonly. More than 80% of the afflicted patients are under the age of four. This disease most commonly affects coronary arteries. In a minority of cases, Aneurysms can burst or produce thrombosis, and they can cause infarction. The distinctive redness in the palms and soles of the feet might result from a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction to a cross-reactive or recently discovered antigen (s). Autoantibodies against epithelial cells and smooth muscle cells are produced as a result of subsequent macromolecule synthesis and polyclonal white blood cell activation, which intensifies the redness. Kawasaki disease's clinical manifestations range from oral skin disease to the blistering of the mucosa, symptoms involving the hands and the feet, skin disease of the palms and soles, a desquamative rash, and cervical lymphatic tissue enlargement (so it is also referred to as tissue layer lymphatic tissue syndrome). Most untreated patients develop some vessel sequelae, from well-organized coronary inflammation to severe arterial blood vessel dilatation to giant artery aneurysms with rupture or occlusion, infarction, and thrombosis. With human gamma globulin administration, reasonable standards of medical care, and the use of analgesics, the speed of symptomatic progression and inflammatory artery changes are reduced. In this review, we have covered the immunology of Kawasaki disease, its biomarkers, and the neurological manifestations of this multisystem illness. We have also included a discussion on its pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment.
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Gadeer, Roaa Hassan, Ahlam Alhinai, Karen Fung-Kee-Fung y Ana Werlang. "Delayed-Interval Delivery in Multiple Pregnancy: A Single-Center Experience of Five Cases". American Journal of Perinatology Reports 14, n.º 02 (abril de 2024): e156-e161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0044-1787112.
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Abstract Objectives To describe the obstetric management and perinatal outcomes in multiple pregnancies with delayed-interval delivery (DID) of the cotwin in a tertiary hospital. Methods This is a retrospective chart review of all cases of DID between December 2021 and 2022 at The Ottawa Hospital. Five cases of DID were identified and reviewed to obtain information on obstetric management and maternal–neonatal outcomes. We included eligible twins and triplets. No multiples were excluded. We obtained ethics approval for this case series. Results Four sets of dichorionic diamniotic twins and one trichorionic triamniotic triplet were included. Our patients were admitted between 173/7 and 215/7 weeks of gestation. We achieved an interval delivery range between 1 and 36 days. Four out of six multiples did not survive in DID. The two surviving newborns were born at 230/7 and 232/7, stayed in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) for 111 and 131 days, discharged with a weight of 3,594 and 2,743 g, respectively. All DID cases were delivered spontaneously except for two patients that required augmentation due to maternal sepsis. Conclusion Despite the high risk of maternal, fetal, and neonatal morbidity and mortality, if delivery of the first twin occurs before 20 gestational weeks, DID could be considered in selected cases to improve outcomes for the cotwin.