Tesis sobre el tema "Formation des voies"
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Fousson, Eric. "Formation de diamants par voies dynamiques et leur caractérisation". Mulhouse, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MULH0623.
Texto completoRoy, Hervé. "Evolution des voies de formation d'asparagine et d'asparaginylation de l'ARNt". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002STR13219.
Texto completoIndirect pathway of tRNA asparaginylation involves two particular enzymes, an aspartyl-tRNA synthetase (AspRS) that is able to aspartylate tRNAAsp as well as tRNAAsn and a tRNA-dependant amidotransferase (Adt) that converts Asp-tRNAAsn into Asn-tRNAAsn. This pathway, frequent in microorganisms, is used either to form Asn-tRNAAsn or to synthesize Asn. Our first investigations established the interrelation between structural and functional peculiarities of AspRS. AspRS from the archaebacterial structural group exhibits a dual specificity for tRNA whereas AspRS from the eubacterial group is monospecific. We have crystallized the dual-specific AspRS from Thermus thermophilus and comparison of its structure to that of a monospecific AspRS shows that specificity AspRS is due to a single loop that contacts the anticodon of tRNA. This observation has been confirmed by mutagenesis to convert a monospecific AspRS into a dual one. Preliminary studies had shown that Asn-tRNAAsn is not recognized by the elongation factor Tu, which is normally responsible for delivering aa-tRNA to the ribosome. The molecular basis of discrimination of Asp-tRNAAsn versus the correct aa-tRNA has been revealed by use of protein and tRNA variants. We have cloned and overproduced the Adt from T. Thermophilus. We have shown its ability to amidate Asp-tRNAAsn as well as Glu-tRNAGln. We have also demonstrated that archaebacteria possessing a specific AspRS also possess the complete system for direct asparaginylation of tRNAAsn. Indeed, they also possess an asparagine synthetase that shares high identity with AspRS and AsnRS
Bailly, Marc. "Nouveaux aspects des voies indirectes de formation des aa-ARNt amidés". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008STR13112.
Texto completoAsparagine (Asn) can be synthesized by a tRNA-dependent mechanism, in which a non-discriminanting aspartyl-tRNA synthetase (ND-DRS) generates a mischarged aspartyl-tRNAAsn (Asp-tRNAAsn) that binds to a tRNA-dependent amidotransferase (AdT) which converts the tRNA-bound aspartate (Asp) into Asn generating the Asn-tRNAAsn required for the ribosomal translation. A similar path is used for the Glutaminyl-tRNAGln (Gln-tRNAGln) biosynthesis and requires a non discriminating glutamyl-tRNA synthetase (ND-ERS), able to aminoacylate tRNAGln with glutamate (Glu) and the same AdT which convert Glu bound to tRNAGln into glutamine (Gln). We have shown that only one nucleotide located into the acceptor arm of tRNAAsn allows efficient conversion of Asp into Asn by the AdT. Moreover, we show that the ND-DRS, tRNAAsn and AdT assemble into a specific ribonucleoprotein complex called transamidosome. Finally we show that in plant mitochondria and chloroplasts the same way is used to synthesize Gln-tRNAGln
CHUBERRE, HERVE. "Localisation de sources par formation de voies : une approche de type deconvolution". Rennes 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994REN10117.
Texto completoBasu, Roy Sayantani. "Répartition des crossovers méiotiques : hétérogénéité, modélisation de l'interférence, interaction entre voies de formation". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00989127.
Texto completoSchlienger, Sébastien. "Nouvelles voies de synthèses de carbones et céramiques non-oxydes à porosités contrôlées". Thesis, Mulhouse, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MULH5991.
Texto completoNanoporous materials (meso-and / or micro-porous) target applications in relation to the adsorption phenomena such as catalysis, waste removal, gas or energy storage.... Recently, various types of syntheses have been developed to control the porosity and adapted to applications: direct route synthesis, nanocasting process, reactive templating. For most of them, they are used for the preparation of meso-and micro-porous oxide materials. The objective of this thesis was therefore to extend these methods to a wider range of materials in chemical composition, while keeping control of the porosity. Indeed, the porous oxides have a limited scope because, for example, their maximum operating temperature, their fragility under certain atmospheres or in some cases, their adsorption properties, are unsuitable. To reduce these limitations, we searched to extend the range of chemical composition of porous materials in the non-oxide field (carbon, nitride ceramics,...) while controlling their porosity. For this, different approaches were used. The first approach consisted to study formation mechanism of mesostructured carbon materials obtained directly by the self-assembly of a surfactant and a polymer carbon precursor. We were then able to determine the relevant parameters to control syntheses reproducibility taking place both in aqueous phase and by solvent evaporation. Analogies with the formation mechanisms of siliceous materials have been identified. With a better understanding of the formation mechanisms, we declined in a second time this method of direct synthesis to other materials by varying the nature of the precursors. Thus, a "green" synthesis of a carbonaceous material with ordered mesoporosity was developed in the absence of all toxic reagents such as formaldehyde and phenol, by using a natural precursor, the mimosa tannin. [...]
Charmes, Éric. "Impasses et voies traversantes : formation et transformations de l'espace viaire en périphérie de Bangkok". École nationale des ponts et chaussées, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ENPC0001.
Texto completoGonzalo, Adrian. "Voies de formation des crossovers méiotiques chez une espèce allopolyploïde, le colza (Brassica napus)". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS352.
Texto completoMeiotic recombination ensures, through the formation of crossovers (COs), both faithful chromosome transmission and allelic shuffling over generations; it is at the heart of Mendelian heredity, evolution and plant breeding. Two crossover pathways co-exist in plants. The main pathway (class I) is dependent on MSH4 (and additional proteins). The secondary pathway produces only a few MSH4-independent (class II) crossovers during wild-type meiosis that are limited in number by anti-crossover proteins such as FANCM. These pathways have been extensively described in diploid species, disregarding one of the most pervasive features of crop genomes: polyploidy. This is a major gap in our understanding because the presence of more than two related sets of chromosomes leads both to extra partners for crossover formation and additional copies for all meiotic genes, which make meiotic recombination more intricate. This thesis aims at exploring the interplay between meiotic recombination pathways and polyploidy using mutants for two recombination genes in allotetraploid Brassica napus (AACC; 2n=38) and its diploid progenitor, B. rapa (AA; 2n=20). I have first tested the extent to which class I and class II pathways contribute to inter-homolog and inter-homoeolog (between A and C chromosomes) crossover formation by analyzing how crossovers are affected as the number of functional MSH4 copies decreases. I showed that inter-homolog crossover formation is impaired only when the two MSH4 copies are lost, any other combination of msh4 mutations resulting in wild-type crossover numbers. I also observed that, when class I crossovers are completely abolished in B. napus, the highest frequency of class II crossover ever reported among plant msh4 mutants is observed. I reproduced this result using B. rapa msh4 mutants, thereby demonstrating that increased class II crossover frequencies is not specific to B.napus, but could instead be a general feature of the Brassicaceae. In B. napus allohaploids (AC), where crossovers are forced to occur between homeologs, MSH4 copies no longer complement each other perfectly; counter to the situation in euploids, the number of MSH4-dependent crossovers formed between homoeologs fluctuates with MSH4 dosage in these plants, and approximate zero when all MSH4 copies are depleted. Altogether, my results illustrate two novel specific properties of inter-homeolog crossovers: a greater sensitivity to MSH4 dosage for class I pathway and a lower efficiency for class II.Next, I characterized cytologically B. napus fancm mutants to confirm that boosting class II crossovers would not be detrimental to B. napus meiosis. However, a prudential interpretation of these results is demanded since the B. napus fancm alleles retained residual anti-crossover activity. This has prompted me to set up a TILLING-by-sequencing procedure in order to produce new recombination mutants in B. napus. I also combined the B. rapa fancm and msh4 mutations to test whether the former is sufficient to fix the meiotic defects resulting from the latter. I showed that, similarly to what had been observed in Arabidopsis thaliana, fancm mutation boost COs to such a point that it restores bivalent formation in B. rapa msh4 background. My results therefore confirmed that the function of FANCM is conserved in B. rapa. Overall, the findings and achievements of this thesis make a step forward dissection of CO pathways during allopolyploid meiosis. They indicate that meiotic adaptation to allopolyploidy mainly involve the class I crossover pathway and could be achieved by limiting its efficiency (e.g. by decreasing gene copy number)
Lebedev, Nikolaï. "Terminaux multicapteurs pour communications par satellite : techniques de formation de voies en émission et capacité". Nantes, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NANT2031.
Texto completoMaazaoui, Mounira. "Séparation de sources pour l'audition des robots". Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00758370.
Texto completoMaazaoui, Mounira. "Séparation de sources pour l’audition des robots". Thesis, Paris, ENST, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ENST0016/document.
Texto completoThis thesis proposes blind audio source separation algorithms using a microphone array. The final application of these algorithms is robot audition through the ROMEO project. In this thesis, we developed blind source separation algorithms based on a sparcity criterion. We show that l1 minimization using the natural gradient optimization technique has the same performance that the state of the art. We show that a criterion based on the parametrization of the quazi-norm lp, with 0
Chehrouri, Mourad. "Analyse par spectroscopies des molécules formées par interaction d'atomes H,O et N sur des surfaces simulant les grains interstellaires et prédiction des voies de réaction". Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CERG0514/document.
Texto completoThe work that I present in this thesis is primarily an experimental work carried out in the LAMAp laboratory at the University of Cergy-Pontoise, using the experimental device called FORMOLISM. The main components of this device are: ultra-high vacuum (10-10 mbar), ultra-low temperature (~5 K), atomic jets, TPD mass spectrometry (Thermally Programmed Desorption) and laser spectroscopy using ultraviolet wavelengths around ~200 nm. Thanks to the REMPI-TOF (Resonantly Enhanced Multi-Photon Ionization – Time Of Flight) technique, we have studied i) the nuclear spin conversion of the hydrogen molecule H2 on a porous amorphous water ice surface and ii) the processes of formation of this molecule, which is the most abundant in the interstellar medium, on surfaces simulating interstellar dust grains. The results of this study are of capital interest in astrophysics. Actually, this formation cannot occur in the gas phase but can only be explained by the encounter of two hydrogen atoms on a dust grain in the interstellar medium, the latter playing the role of a catalyst. Different processes are involved in the formation of H2 which require to be identified. With this aim, I present entirely new results on molecular H2 formation on an amorphous silicate surface. I show that the molecule can form in a rovibrationnally excited state of its ground state up to a temperature of about 70 K and that the molecule is released into the gas phase immediately after its formation. These results demonstrate the competition between two mechanisms of formation at very low temperature (<18 K) while another mechanism takes over up to 70 K
Uslu, Ates. "Les voies lyriques de la nation : l'opéra et la formation de l'identité nationale hongroise (1790-1884)". Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010676.
Texto completoEl, Bawab Samer. "Voies de formation et rôle de l'acide phosphatidique lors de l'activation mitogénique des thymocytes de rat". Lyon, INSA, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ISAL0110.
Texto completoThe present study deals with the signaling events involved in early stages of lymphocyte activation. Previous results from our group have suggested that the cAMP-specific cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE4) might be a physiological target of phosphatidic acid (PA) formed upon mitogenic stimulation of lymphoid cells. To support this hypothesis and more precisely define the role of PA in rat thymocytes, we have first quantified and analyzed the PA fatty acid composition by gaz liquid chromatography. We observed a rapid increase in the PA mass as well as an increase in its arachidonic acid content upon concanavalin A stimulation. In a second time, we have investigated the pathways of PA synthesis and identified the phospholipid precursors of newly formed PA In this view, classical labelling experiments were performed and molecular species of PA and of the potential phospholipid precursors were analyzed by reverse phase using fluorometric detection. Results from this study have shown that PA is formed via specific phospholipase C pathways hydrolyzing both phosphoinositides (65%) and phosphatidylcholines (35%). Finally, using recombinant PDE4 isoforms and synthetic PA species, we have evaluated the activating effect of the major PA molecular species identified in thymocytes. We observed that 18:0/20:4 PA species, formed during mitogenic stimulation, was the best activator of the recombinant PDE4 isoforms: PDE4A5 and PDE4D3
Merino, Pierrick. "Reproduction expérimentale du contact roue-rail à échelle réduite : Voies de formation des sources de défauts". Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEI101.
Texto completoThe safety issue is still the main concern of railway network due to the development of railway transportation and the increase of the amount of passengers. The understanding of the origin of the rolling contact fatigue (RCF) defect, is one key to safety requirements. The White Etching Layer associated to the initiation of the squat defect is hardly recreated. The use of laboratory test bench enable the replication of the wheel-rail contact. Nevertheless, only a fraction of the characteristic parameters is taken into account and compromises are necessary. The test bench “Triboring” built at LaMCoS, fulfills a gap in the existing apparatus. The “roller on circular rail” design was chosen to fit the tribological behavior of wheel-rail contact, and replicate RCF defects. The production of a test bench required to relate and differentiate the measured data to the phenomena corresponding to the operating from the phenomena corresponding to wheel-rail contact. The bench was characterized with dynamic and cinematic analysis. The design of the sample was improved. The tribological behavior of the bench was optimized with the preparation of the initial surface of the samples and the production of a tribological “fuse”. This layer delays the speed accommodation by wear and benefit the shear of the first bodies and the formation a Tribological Transformation of Surface (TTS), as the White Etching Layer. The two different fuse layer created (Run-in and oxidized), induced a significant wear reduction. The tribological and metallurgical analysis of the surfaces and cuts of the sample, enabled to the explanation of the evolution of the microstructure of the rail close to the surface, submitted to various mechanical solicitations. The transformation of this microstructure led to the formation of white etching layer mechanically formed
Fischer, Jeoffrey. "Identification de sources aéroacoustiques au voisinage de corps non profilés par formation de voies fréquentielle et temporelle". Thesis, Poitiers, 2014. http://theses.univ-poitiers.fr/62768/2014-Fischer-Jeoffrey-These.
Texto completoThe localization of aeroacoustic sources of automotive bodies is currently a topic of major interest to industry. Beamforming is a robust method typically used in this context. The main objective of this thesis relates to the detection of aeroacoustic sources on bluff bodies. Two experimental configurations are considered : a forwardfacing step that is an academic event, and a three dimensional bluff body generating A-pillar vortices approaching the automotive industry. Source localization through classical beamforming has enabled to detect the main regions of acoustic emission for different frequency ranges, namely : upstream and downstream vortices around thestep and A-pillar vortices generated on both sides of the 3D bluff body. In addition, relationships have been observed between wall pressure fluctuations and acoustic field radiated. The study was then directed to the detection of intermittent acoustic events to determine whether, like jet noise, the noise radiated by an obstacle in the flow is composed of intermittent signatures. A thresholding process on the far field measurements was used to select events representing 80% of the energy of the original signal and 20% of its time for both configurations. A time-domain beamforming algorithm, directly linked to the time reversal technique, has been developed to achieve a spatio-temporal information about the intermittent noise sources. The use of this technique has proved that the events selected with the tresholding technique correspond to intermittent acoustic sources which space and time informations canbe determined (they follow a Gamma distribution). The aeroacoustic noise radiated by the bluff bodies considered in this study can therefore be seen as a succession of intermittent events that can be identified. Finally, the reconstruction of intermittent acoustic signals using a family of wavelets was performed. The Fourier spectra of the original and reconstructed signals are highly similar, a difference of about 10% was observed, confirming the importance of intermittent events in the noise radiated by bluff bodies
Bekkar, Mohammed. "Formation de voies hybride analogique-numérique pour la réduction d'interférences dans les réseaux cellulaires de nouvelle génération". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALT007.
Texto completoBeamforming is a signal processing method used in antenna arrays, allowing to enhance directions of emission or reception of signals by controlling the different elements.In mobile networks especially, it allows interference reduction in base stations.Its full digital impementation is limited by energy consumption and cost when increasing the number of antennas.As a response, hybrid analog-digital implementation could be used to reduce the number of radiofrequency (RF) chains as well as the number of analog-to-digital converters.In this implementation, the analog stage could be realised using different types of devices (phase shifters, amlifiers/attenuators, variable impedances) and with a variable connectivity to the antenna array.Nevertheless, if we want to keep a simple RF circuitry by using phase shifters only to tune the analog beamformer, the problem of optimising these weights becomes non-convex.The current works on small cell networks show that the interference between base station is one of the limiting factors of the coverage and the datarate.Furthermore, in a full digital implementation, the presence of strong blockers leads to analog-to-digital converters saturation or desensitization.The purpose of this work is the study of hybrid beamforming with phase-only implementation, as well as to propose an algorithm to compute the beamforming matrices, to reduce the received interference in a small cell.After a description and a state-of-the-art, we preliminarily proposed an interference characterization using an algebraic angle between the signals of interest vectors and the interference vectors, which allowed us to obtain a lower bound on the SINR performance of the optimal beamformer.We have then proposed a sub-optimal solution of hybrid phase-only beamforming, which when using an infinite resolution digitization, has a low loss as compared to a solution using modulus and phase.Secondly, we introduced an analog-to-digital converter model, which allowed us to bring out the limitations of the first appproach as well as of the full digital implementation, in the presence of strong blockers.Afterwards, we proposed an optimisation algorithm of the analog stage, based on a semidefinite relaxation.The peroformance of this algorithm, in terms of SINR and sumrate are close to the benchmark with full degree of freedom, modulus and phase.In comparison, the performance state-of-the-art tested solutions using non-convex cost function are lower and depend on initialization point
Yven, Claude. "Caractérisation de la formation des bols alimentaires à partir de produits carnés". Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2005CLF21644.
Texto completoMesséant, Julien. "Rôle des protéines Wnt et de leurs voies de signalisation associées dans la formation de la jonction neuromusculaire". Thesis, Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05T068.
Texto completoFormation of the vertebrate neuromuscular junction (NMJ), a peripheral cholinergic synapse between motoneurons and skeletal muscle fibers relies on the accurate recognition and apposition of presynaptic motoneurons on postsynaptic muscle target. Recently, a growing body of evidence indicates that Wnt morphogens act as key regulators of NMJ formation. Yet, the specific Wnts identity, their collaborative function and the downstream molecular mechanisms of Wnt signaling regulating NMJ formation still remain elusive. At the NMJ, Wnt ligands transduce their signal through interaction of either the receptor complex formed by the muscle specific tyrosine kinase MuSK and the low density lipoprotein (Lrp) Lrp4 or the classical frizzled receptors. In this thesis, we have investigated the molecular mechanisms of Wnt-induced NMJ formation. We found that both Wnt4 and Wn11 are required for the nerve-independent muscle prepatterning step, characterized by acetylcholine receptor (AChR) aggregation in discrete domains of the muscle surface where the synapse will form, via differential activation of either canonical and/or planar cell polarity (PCP) pathways. Moreover, Fzd3 and Vangl2, two core components of the PCP pathway, are accumulated at the developing NMJ and play distinct roles in NMJ formation, with Fz3 required for motor axon growth and Vangl2 involved in AChR clustering and motor axon growth restriction within the target field. To further study the functional role of Wnt/MuSK interaction, we generated a transgenic mice deleted from MuSK Wnt binding domain (CRD, cysteine rich domain). We demonstrated that the absence of MuSK CRD affected NMJ formation from the prepatterning step to NMJ maintenance in adult leading to a pathogenic phenotype. Moreover, we found that lithium, a reversible inhibitor of the glycogen synthase kinase-3 fully rescued NMJ defects in mutant embryos and therefore may constitutes a novel therapeutic reagent for the treatment of neuromuscular disorders linked to Wnt/MuSK signaling pathway deficiency
Berhanu, Tesfaye. "Caractérisations isotopiques des voies de formation du nitrate atmosphérique et de la photochimie du nitrate dans la neige". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00934489.
Texto completoPadois, Thomas. "Localisation de source acoustique en soufflerie anéchoïque par deux techniques d'antennerie : formation de voies et retournement temporel numérique". Poitiers, 2011. http://nuxeo.edel.univ-poitiers.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/2b752bf7-5bd5-471a-8add-5f9e727444c8.
Texto completoBeamforming (BF) is a powerful technique to localise sound sources in a wind-tunnel, but the flow effects on the acoustic propagation should be taken into account. An experiment is carried out in an anechoic wind-tunnel in order to validate the BF treatment associated to flow corrections. The results show that the BF technique can estimate very accurately the position of the source. However, the experiments are limited by the low speed of the wind-tunnel. So, a numerical code solving the linearized Euler equations (EEL) is used to simulate different flow conditions. We show that the apparent position shifting of the source, due to the effects of the flow is roughly proportional to the product of the Mach number by the thickness of the uniform flow. Furthermore, we show that the corrections remain robust for a higher Mach number. Then we present a new method for localising a source in a wind-tunnel based on the time-reversal technique. We show that EEL are invariant under time-reversal in changing the direction of the flow velocity. The experimental signals obtained are time-reversed and the backpropagation is performed numerically. The results show that it is possible to localise the source position, without BF assumptions and without flow corrections. The ability of the method to localise an intermittent aeroacoustic source is highlighted
Bary, Raphaël. "Les voix / voies de l'innovation : de la naissance de l'idée innovante à sa matérialisation, une analyse cognitive des pratiques et apprentissages des innovateurs". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002INPL095N.
Texto completoToulemonde, Matthieu. "Formation de voies en émission et en réception pour l'amélioration de l'imagerie ultrasonore : application à l'imagerie non linéaire des tissus biologiques". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10262/document.
Texto completoNowadays, ultrasound imaging is a common diagnostic tool thanks to its non-invasive behavior and relatively cheap equipment. Classic medical echographic imaging is based on the linear response of the biological tissue. However harmonic imaging, based on the harmonic frequencies generated by the nonlinear properties of the tissue, is more and more used for clinical application. The quantification of nonlinearity is based on the evaluation of the nonlinearity parameter which strongly influences the harmonics generation. The nonlinearity parameter estimation using an echographic approach would bring new modalities for imaging and diagnosis. However the echographic method for nonlinearity estimation is limited by two factors: the presence of speckles in the image and the focalization used during transmission, which concentrates the energy at one particular depth. The objectives of this thesis work are developing novel approaches to reduce the speckle noise using original smoothing techniques and improving the nonlinearity parameter estimation in echo mode using new transmission-reception strategies. Firstly, new speckle noise reduction approaches were investigated. The Thomson’s multitaper approach was proposed, consisting in using several different orthogonal apodizations during beamforming. This method was combined to a coherent plane-wave compounding transmission-reception strategy improving the spatial resolution and the contrast while improving the frame rate. In a second time, the nonlinearity parameter was estimated using a comparative method. The second-harmonic pressure field of a reference area was compared to the pressure field of an area where the nonlinearity parameter is unknown. However in echo-mode, the pressure field of the medium is unknown. It is assumed in this thesis work that the local pressure can be derived from envelope image local amplitude if the speckle noise is smoothed. The nonlinearity parameter estimation has been improved using plane-wave transmission and orthogonal apodizations compared to the use of a single focalization transmission
Oggigiorno, le tecniche di imaging ad ultrasuoni sono un comune strumento di diagnosi, grazie alla loro non invasività e alla relativa economicità dei sistemi. La risposta lineare dei tessuti biologici è la base per le tecniche di imaging ecografico tradizionali. La generazione di frequenze ad armoniche superiori da parte dei tessuti può essere sfruttata per sviluppare tecniche di imaging innovative (i.e., imaging armonico), che sono sempre più utilizzate per applicazioni cliniche. Tali tecniche sono basate sul metodo di valutazione del parametro di non linearità che influenza fortemente la generazione delle armoniche all’interno dei tessuti. I metodi per la stima dei suddetti parametri sfruttano solitamente un approccio ecografico tradizionale. Di conseguenza, gli effetti legati alla focalizzazione impiegata durante la trasmissione, che concentra l’energia ad una particolare profondità, e la presenza di speckle nell’immagine finale, rendono più incerta la stima del parametro di non linearità. In questa tesi sono proposti metodi innovativi finalizzati a due scopi: ridurre, nelle immagini, il rumore dovuto a speckle, tramite l’adozione di nuove tecniche di smoothing; migliorare la stima dei parametri di non linearità, tramite l’impiego di nuove strategie di beamforming in trasmissione e ricezione. Per ridurre il rumore dovuto a speckle, è stato proposto un approccio di filtraggio spaziale basato sull’impiego dei filtri di Thomson. Tale tecnica consiste nell’impiego di numerose apodizzazioni ortogonali fra di loro in fase di beamforming. Il metodo è stato in particolare combinato con la tecnica di imaging coherent plane-wave compounding, con lo scopo di migliorare la risoluzione spaziale e il contrasto e, al contempo, incrementare il frame rate. Il parametro di non linearità è stato misurato tramite un approccio comparativo. Il campo di pressione della seconda armonica in un’area di riferimento dell’immagine è stato confrontato con quello di un’area in cui il parametro di non linearità è ignoto. In questa tesi, grazie alla riduzione del rumore speckle, è stato possibile assumere che il campo di pressione
Nagy, Zita. "Des voies potentielles pour la régulation de la transposition des IS : spécificité de la séquence cible et la formation d'intermédiaires actives". Toulouse 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU30235.
Texto completoChiappini, Laura. "Développement d'une technique d'analyse pour l'étude de la composition chimique et des voies de formation de l'aérosol organique secondaire en atmosphère simulée". Paris 7, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA077010.
Texto completoThe atmosphere is a complex System in which gaseous, liquid and particulate phases coexist. Indeed, it contains particle in suspension, either solid or liquid, called aerosols. Atmospheric photo-oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) may lead to the formation of particulate matter, also called secondary organic aerosol (SOA). Hence, SOA is nowadays known to play an important role in the radiative balance, linked to climate change. At a local scale, it also reduces visibility and causes health effects. Because these phenomena are associated to SOA chemistry, it is necessary to include it in atmospheric models in order to better assess SOA climate and health impact. This implies to carry out investigations focused on specific precursors and performed in close to real and controlled conditions. Atmospheric simulation chambers are essential tools to achieve this task. Moreover, to elucidate comprehensive mechanism, SOA chemical composition has to be determined at a molecular level. However, no standard technique for SOA analysis exists. In this context, the aim of this work was to develop such a technique based on supercritical fluid extraction directly coupled to gas chromatography and mass spectrometry technique. After the development phase, this technique has been validated by studding SOA formed from a biogenic VOC precursor and used to study SOA formed from three precursors of different origin. In each case, we managed to identify and quantify some SOA components and propose formation pathways. Thus, this work contributes to a better understanding of SOA formation and evolution pathways in the atmosphere and consequently allows to better assess its effects
Kassab, Souha. "Formation de voies vibroacoustique pour la détection d'une source monopolaire dans une coque cylindrique remplie de fluide lourd : Développements numériques et expérimentaux". Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEI047/document.
Texto completoThe safety of nuclear reactors represents a necessary and vital condition for the exploitation of nuclear plants with liquid-cooled cores. This safety passes by the ability to detect and anticipate the earliest stages of a water leak into sodium within the heat generator. The study detailed in this manuscript has been initiated in a framework aiming to develop nonintrusive detection techniques for sodium water chemical reactions. Its main goal is to uncover the signal of a water leak into sodium, based on the measurements of the vibratory field recorded by the means of accelerometers externally mounted on the heat generator shell. However, such a spectrum is masked by the plant general background noise, especially that generated by heavy fluid flow (i.e. sodium flow) during actual operating times of the power plant. In order to increase the signal-to-noise ratio of the leak, beamforming technique for the acceleration measurements of the mechanical system is considered. The aforementioned system is characterized by a strong non-linear coupling between the the heat generator’s cylindrical shell and the heavy fluid in motion. In particular, fluid motion and the acoustic emission of the leak seem to excite some eigen modes of the cylinder, at these same frequencies where the acoustic signature of the leak is at its highest amplitude. For the purpose of our study, a cylindrical mock-up connected by some very rigid links to a hydraulic circuit is considered. A hydrophone emission excites the mock-up from within and is being accounted for the acoustic leak. Water flows inside the cylinder at turbulent Reynolds number. An array of twenty-five accelerometers is mounted on the mock-up shell using ceramic insulators. The main goal is to combine the twenty-five signals in such a way that allows the increase of the SNR for the acoustic source while rejecting water flow noise. Two beamforming techniques are applied and compared: classical Bartlett beamforming as well as optimized beamforming for SNR maximization (Max SN
Duquesnes, Nicolas. "Signalisation cellulaire et formation de complexes protéiques lors de l'étirement des cardiomyocytes de rats nouveaux-nés". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00842230.
Texto completoBranchu, Priscilla. "Pathogénicité des Escherichia coli entérohémorragiques : identification de voies de régulation contrôlant la mobilité, la formation de biofilm et le locus d'effacement des entérocytes". Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00866934.
Texto completoMoro, Clément. "Localisation de sources sonores par techniques d’antennes en milieu réverbérant". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6616.
Texto completoGoll, Annalena. "3D numerical modelling of dune formation and dynamics in inland waterways". Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1119/document.
Texto completoIn this work the possibilities of direct modelling of large scale bed forms in waterways are highlighted and analysed. It is motivated by the fact that in river modelling, uncertainties in predicting water depth and bed movement can often be attributed to bed forms. Those bed forms are the dominating factor for bed load transport in many river stretches, which need to be maintained by the responsible waterways authorities.Hydrodynamic and morphodynamic experiments have been conducted at the Federal Waterways Engineering and Research Institute of Germany (BAW). High-resolution measurements have been performed over fixed, naturally formed three-dimensional sand dunes, which are at equilibrium with the surrounding flow field.Using these measured data sets, the hydrodynamic model is calibrated to simulate the complex flow situation over a train of several three-dimensional dunes. Simulation results show that it is possible to reproduce the measured turbulent flow field in the wake of the fixed dunes and that the measured and simulated water levels agree for the chosen configuration. Vertical and horizontal mesh resolution, friction coefficient, small scale bed forms and turbulence modelling are identified as most sensitive parameters during the calibration.The second part of this thesis focuses on morphodynamic simulations of the same experimental flume but with a mobile bed. High resolution measured bottom scans of the dune forms, developing over time, are available for comparison. Dune height and length, as well as the distribution moments, skewness and kurtosis are used to compare the dimensions of the dunes and also their shape and spatial distribution.Bed load transport formulation, skewness and kurtosis formulae, boundary conditions and the consideration of sub-grid scale roughness elements are the parameters which influence the quality of the results the most. A particular focus during the study is the inclusion of turbulent fluctuations in bed shear stress calculation. A new, total bed shear stress calculation is proposed, which incorporates mean flow velocities and turbulent kinetic energy provided by the turbulence model. With this approach, the numerical model is able to reproduce both qualitatively and quantitatively the measured mean bed forms dimensions and the shape moments of the physical dunes. It proves to be the only way to also produce the right distribution moment (kurtosis) of the dune field.Finally, the model is applied to project scale and tested on a stretch of the riverElbe, Germany. High resolution morphodynamic simulations coupled to 3D-hydrodynamics are conducted over several days for the chosen river stretch which is 4km in length. The dune forms preserve form and shape parameters and the dune speed agrees with the measured one. The simulations show promising results concerning the possibility of operational use of the model in the future. Local problems and statements, e.g. maintenance strategies such as changes in flow cross section, groynes and revetments, are possible tasks that can be examined
Le, Mestre Julie. "Rôle des voies de signalisation AMPc/PKA et Wnt/bêta-caténine dans la formation des systèmes de régulation aberrants au sein de la corticosurrénale". Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMR055/document.
Texto completoIn most cases, cortisol hypersecretion (Cushing’s syndrome; CS) results from ACTH-producing pituitary adenoma (Cushing’s disease). Occasionally, CS is the consequence of a unilateral adrenal adenoma or a bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (BMAH) producing cortisol. In these conditions, hypercortisolism is referred to as “ACTH-independent” owing to suppressed plasma ACTH levels. The molecular mechanisms underlying the maintenance of cortisol hypersecretion by adrenocortical adenomas and BMAHs in the absence of circulating ACTH has long remained unknown. However, major advances have been made during the past recent years in the comprehension of the pathophysiology of primary adrenal CS. Two main types of molecular defects have been shown to favor cortisol hypersecretion by adrenocortical neoplasms: somatic mutations responsible for activation of intracellular signaling pathways and abnormally expressed (or illegitimate) membrane receptors by tumor cells. In the human adrenal gland, serotonin (5-HT), released by subcapsular mast cells stimulates corticosteroid secretion through activation of its type 4 receptor (5-HT4R). The 5-HT4R is principally expressed in zona glomerulosa cells but weakly expressed in zona fasciculata cells explaining why 5-HT strongly stimulates aldosterone production. Interestingly, in primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease (PPNAD) cells, activation of the cAMP/PKA pathway by PRKAR1A mutations triggers upregulation of the 5-HT synthesizing enzyme tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) type 2 together with the 5-HT4, 5-HT6 and 5-HT7 receptors, positively coupled to cAMP/PKA signaling pathway. 5-HT strongly stimulates cortisol production and inhibition of TPH reduced corticosteroidogenesis in cultured PPNAD cells. In human, cortisol secretion is normally stimulated by ACTH also through activation of the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway. Patients suffering from Cushing’s disease, paraneoplastic Cushing’s syndrome (paraCS), 21-hydroxylase deficiency or BMAH display high plasma or intraadrenal ACTH levels. In these patients, we show that chronic stimulation of cAMP/PKA pathway by ACTH induces TPH type 1 and 5-HT4/6/7 receptors overexpression in steroidogenic cells. In primary cultured adrenocortical cells originating from a patient with paraCS, 5-HT and 5-HT4/7 receptors agonists were able to activate cortisol secretion. On the other hand, the role of Wnt/-catenin signaling pathway in the emergence of illegitimate receptors is still debated. We therefore evaluated 5-HT4, 5-HT6, 5-HT7, LH/hCG and GIP receptors expression in an adrenocortical tumor with APC germline mutation and two experimental models of constitutive activation of β-catenin in adrenocortical cells, namely genetically modified mice and human transfected adrenocortical cells. Our results indicate that Wnt/-catenin pathway activation promotes significant overexpression of LH/hCG receptor in the 3 models investigated. Globally, our data show that activation of intracellular signaling pathways such as the cAMP/PKA pathway by ACTH or Wnt/-catenin by genetic mutations favors the emergence of abnormal regulatory systems in the adrenal cortex. Our results also demonstrate that intraadrenal 5-HT is involved in corticosteroids hypersecretion related to different diseases including Cushing’s disease, paraneoplastic Cushing’s syndrome, 21-hydroxylase deficiency and BMAH. TPH inhibitors may thus represent a new therapeutic approach of corticosteroid excess in patients suffering from these disorders
Hattenberger, Véronique. "Contribution à l'étude de la formation de voies en numérique : application à la conception de récepteurs haut débit utilisant des antennes planaires à rayonnement direct". Nantes, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NANT2069.
Texto completoThe demand of new multimedia services encourages the manufacturers to design receivers which use radio-software architecture and beamforming. A completely digital receiver is not yet feasible, or at great cost. A hybrid solution which associates in an optimal way analog and digital areas must be considered. A designing method was developed to specify the front-end of the system by taking into account the characteristics of the analog-to-digital converter, the beamforming and the desired signal to noise ratio at the output. A direct radiation planar antenna was developed so as to reduce the losses for the conversion of the broadband signal that requires a noise figure brought down to the input of the receiver the weakest possible, and to enable a distance inferior to /2 between the centers of phase of the element of the array so as to avoid the grating lobes in the case of important deviations of the beam
Szasz, Teodora. "Advanced beamforming techniques in ultrasound imaging and the associated inverse problems". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30221/document.
Texto completoUltrasound (US) allows non-invasive and ultra-high frame rate imaging procedures at reduced costs. Cardiac, abdominal, fetal, and breast imaging are some of the applications where it is extensively used as diagnostic tool. In a classical US scanning process, short acoustic pulses are transmitted through the region-of-interest of the human body. The backscattered echo signals are then beamformed for creating radiofrequency(RF) lines. Beamforming (BF) plays a key role in US image formation, influencing the resolution and the contrast of final image. The objective of this thesis is to model BF as an inverse problem, relating the raw channel data to the signals to be recovered. The proposed BF framework improves the contrast and the spatial resolution of the US images, compared with the existing BF methods. To begin with, we investigated the existing BF methods in medical US imaging. We briefly review the most common BF techniques, starting with the standard delay-and-sum BF method and emerging to the most known adaptive BF techniques, such as minimum variance BF. Afterwards, we investigated the use of sparse priors in creating original two-dimensional beamforming methods for ultrasound imaging. The proposed approaches detect the strong reflectors from the scanned medium based on the well-known Bayesian Information Criteria used in statistical modeling. Furthermore, we propose a new way of addressing the BF in US imaging, by formulating it as a linear inverse problem relating the reflected echoes to the signal to be recovered. Our approach offers flexibility in the choice of statistical assumptions on the signal to be beamformed and it is robust to a reduced number of pulse emissions. At the end of this research, we investigated the use of the non-Gaussianity properties of the RF signals in the BF process, by assuming alpha-stable statistics of US images
Ramanana, Telina. "Synthèse de champ sonore par Wave Field Synthesis à partir d'enregistrements captés par une antenne microphonique". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6062.
Texto completoMoriot, Jérémy. "Détection vibro-acoustique passive d’une réaction sodium-eau par formation de voies dans un générateur de vapeur d’un réacteur nucléaire à neutrons rapides refroidi au sodium". Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAL0151/document.
Texto completoThis thesis deals with a new method to detect a sodium-water reaction in a steam generator of a fast sodium-cooled nuclear reactor. More precisely, the objective is to detect a micro-leak of water (flow < 1 g/s) in less than 10 seconds by measuring the external shell vibrations of the component. The strong background noise in operation makes impossible the use of a detection system based on a threshold overrun. A beamforming method applied to vibrations measured by a linear array of accelerometers is developed in this thesis to increase the signal-to-noise ratio and to detect and locate the leak in the steam generator. A numerical study is first realized. Two models are developed in order to simulate the signals measured by the accelerometers of the array. The performances of the beamforming are then studied in function of several parameters, such as the source location and frequency, the damping factor, the background noise considered. The first model consists in an infinite plate in contact with a heavy fluid, excited by an acoustic monopole located in this fluid. Analyzing the transverse displacements in the wavenumber domain is useful to establish a criterion to sample correctly the vibration field of the plate. A second model, more representative of the system is also proposed. In this model, an elastic infinite cylindrical shell, filled with a heavy fluid is considered. The finite dimensions in the radial and circumferential directions lead to a modal behavior of the system which impacts the beamforming. Finally, the method is tested on an experimental mock-up which consists in a cylindrical pipe made in stainless steel and filled with water connected to hydraulic circuit. The water flow speed can be controlled by varying the speed of the pump. The acoustic source is generated by a hydrophone. The performances of the beamforming are studied for different water flow speeds and different amplitude and frequencies of the source
Pene, Yves. "Antennerie numérique pour la caractérisation de sources aéroacoustiques en milieu complexe". Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066167/document.
Texto completoThe acoustic Beamforming, also called microphone array processing, is an acoustic identification technique based on an analytical propagation model between noise sources and microphones: the Green function. In the case of the study of aeroacoustic sources in realistic configuration, the propagation medium between sources and microphones is most often made up of an inhomogeneous flow and / or complex geometry. Green's function becomes then analytically difficult to determine and the use of an unsuitable function leads to spurious source localization and level measurement. The aim of this thesis is to overcome these difficulties by employing the Onera’s Euler solver sAbrinA_v0 to determine the Green's function components between each focus point (possible source point) and each microphone for complex cases. One propagation calculation is performed with a set of source points positioned in each of the focal points. The Green's function is then estimated from the resolution of inverse problems involving source signals and signals calculated at microphones position’s. To validate the approach, Beamforming is computed with the estimated function in order to identify noise sources for simple 2D case and 2D cases with a flow or/ with complex geometry. The microphone signals corresponding to the radiation of the sources to identify are obtained analytically or numerically depending on the case
Maazaoui, Mounira. "Séparation de sources pour l’audition des robots". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, ENST, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ENST0016.
Texto completoThis thesis proposes blind audio source separation algorithms using a microphone array. The final application of these algorithms is robot audition through the ROMEO project. In this thesis, we developed blind source separation algorithms based on a sparcity criterion. We show that l1 minimization using the natural gradient optimization technique has the same performance that the state of the art. We show that a criterion based on the parametrization of the quazi-norm lp, with 0
Zhao, Lei. "Beamforming and power allocation techniques for multiuser MIMO broadcast channels". Nantes, 2014. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=df1c0c06-0a3b-4813-a80d-cd2dce9e326b.
Texto completoThe sum rate maximization in multiuser MIMO broadcast channels is investigated in this thesis. Firstly, we give an overview of the state of the art of the different beamforming techniques in the literature, and a new beamforming method under total power constraint is proposed. Secondly, considering that the power of each antenna is limited individually by the linearity of its power amplifier in practice, we impose a more realistic per-antenna power constraint to optimize the sum rate. It can be seen that the original problem is difficult to solve. Then in this thesis, this problem is divided into two classical subproblems, one of which becomes a semidefinite programming (SDP) problem, and the other one can be solved by the maximal-ratio combining (MRC) technique. Compared with the methods in the literature, a better sum rate performance is achieved. Moreover, the proposed method works even if the number of total receive antennas is larger than that of the transmit antennas. Thirdly, if the interference is not removed completely in multiuser MIMO broadcast channels, power allocation becomes a NP hard problem. In this thesis, an efficient suboptimal power allocation method is proposed to maximize the sum rate. Compared with the methods in the literature, the computational complexity is substantially reduced, and the performance is close to the optimal value
De, Cacqueray Benoit. "Dispositifs géophysiques en laboratoire ondes de surfaces traitement d'antennes et haute densité spatiale". Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENU027/document.
Texto completoSeismic exploration is a continuous innovation domain since more than one century. A significant part of the studies consists in separating the various waves propagating in the medium, especially surface waves. In the near-surface, surface waves are useful for tomography. Near-surface imaging becomes possible if they are well modelised. When exploration is dedicated to depth – meaning more than 95% of the seismic exploration business – the surface waves mainly hide body waves, which contains the informations related to the depth. Body and surface wave separation then becomes a fundamental task. In these situations, the surface waves can nevertheless be used to better know the near surface. It allows computing parameters usable to better the depth imaging. Research knew recent developments in this domain due to the recent impulsion given by the passive seismic imaging from ambient noise and the study of new acquisition designs with high spatial density. In parallel, the oil fields study for better exploitation is growing as a new industrial development axis. 4D (i.e. 3 spatial dilensions + time) imaging mastering becomes a key research activity, in which sub-surface parameters are estimated and monitored. This PhD thesis comes from the following remarks: - Despite rich works, surface waves are still an important research issue in seismic exploration. - Laboratory scale experiments know relatively few investigations, especially for high density acquisition design. The first step has been dedicated to the set up and the validation of a complete acquisition environment in the laboratory, adapted to surface wave study and high spatial density. Using Agar-agar phantoms, a mix of S body waves and Rayleigh surface waves comparable to the on-field P body waves and Rayleigh wave mix has been highlighted. Then, using array processing, wave separation has benne successfully demonstrated. After waves separation, it becomes possible to follow their arrival time variation in presence of surface and/or depth variation in the medium, as in reservoir monitoring conditions. A complete 4D study has been performed, allowing not only the arrival time monitoring but also amplitude and arrival and launch directions. A method has been proposed to compensate the near-surface spurious variations. An adaptation of the method on a field data set is then performed. Generally, velocity profiles on the field show weak velocities in the sub-surface. As a consequence, the various waves coming from the depth have weak and comparable incidences angles. Classical separation method using array processing are usually insufficient to work with such incidence angles set. For this reason, a complete part of this work has been dedicated to the study of high resolution algorithms in the frame of seismic exploration and their adaptation. At the end, taking advantage of the high spatial density allowed by the laboratory environment, a comparative study of two designs – the first one theoretically ideal but somewhat unrealistic and the second one more viable economically but less efficient – has been performed to address the scattered waves filtering issue. For the second design, a new filtering method has been proposed to enhance the scattered waves filtering
Colnet, Brigitte. "Approches neuromimétiques pour la localisation de sources acoustiques". Nancy 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NAN10415.
Texto completoMabrouk, Kais. "Conception et réalisation d'un système de Télécommunications MIMO avec Formation Numérique de Faisceaux en réception ; Calibrage aveugle du Démodulateur triphasé Zéro-IF et comparaison au démodulateur classique à 2 voies I et Q". Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00409794.
Texto completoLa première partie de ce travail est consacrée à une étude comparative entre les différents types de démodulateurs cinq-port et triphasés. Cette étude a permis de mettre en évidence l'aspect tridimensionnel des démodulateurs cinq-port et triphasés, de gagner 20dB en termes de réjection des produits d'intermodulation des signaux adjacents et de trouver une nouvelle méthode de calibrage aveugle du récepteur.
La seconde partie de la thèse se concentre sur le prototypage d'un système MIMO. Cette phase nous a permis d'exposer les difficultés de mise en place de ce genre de système et de souligner les nouvelles problématiques qui n'apparaissait pas auparavant dans les systèmes mono- transcepteur. Aussi, un algorithme de Formation de Faisceau a été développé dans cette partie. Ce FF numérique a permis non seulement d'accroître la capacité mais aussi la qualité de liaison en considérant le système MIMO comme N système SIMO en parallèle. Comparativement à la technique ZF(Zero Forcing), nous démontrons que le FF permet d'obtenir une meilleure qualité de signaux pour des faibles valeurs de rapport signal à bruit.
Mabrouk, Kaïs. "Conception et réalisation d'un système de télécommunications MIMO avec formation numérique de faisceaux en réception : calibrage aveugle du démodulateur triphasé zéro-IF et comparaison au démodulateur classique à 2 voies I et Q". Paris, ENST, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00409794.
Texto completoWithin the framework of this research work, we have interested to a MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) telecommunication system using the spatial multiplexing, Zero-IF receptors and the digital beamforming technique. The first part in this work is consecrated to a comparative study between two different kinds of Zero-IF demodulators: the classical IQ demodulator and the five-port and three-phase one. This study has allowed to highlight the three dimensional aspect of five-port and three-phase demodulators, to win up to 20dB in terms of rejection of inter-modulation product. Also this three dimensional aspect discovery help us to find a new blind calibration method. The second part of this thesis focuses on the prototyping of a MIMO system. This phase has allowed us to set the difficulties of the implementation of this systems kind and to highlight new problematics that don’t appear beforehand in mono-transceiver system. Moreover, a beamforming algorithm was developed in this part. This digital beamfoming has permit to increase the capacity as well as the quality of link when considering the MIMO system as N parallel SIMO systems. Compared to the ZF (Zero Forcing technique), we have proved that the beamforming permit the achievement a better signal quality for lower values of the signal to noise ratio
Miscopein, Saler Laurine. "Rôles du locus bric à brac durant la formation des niches de cellules souches germinales dans l'ovaire chez Drosophila melanogaster". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS599.
Texto completoThe interactions between stem cells (SC) and their microenvironment called a niche are known to be crucial for SC behaviour. These interactions need to be highly regulated since abnormal SC behaviour is a leading cause of developmental diseases and tumourigenesis. The discovery of pre-metastatic niches makes the study of niche-to-SC interactions a crucial step for our understanding of cancer biology. The powerful genetic tools available render the Drosophila ovary an excellent model to study the signalling controlling germline SC (GSC) maintenance by a niche in an adult tissue. Using this model, it was shown for the first time that SC maintenance was dependent on a factor emanating from the niche. This factor is Decapentaplegic (Dpp), a Drosophila homolog of BMP proteins (family of TGF-β signalling molecules) and a tight regulation of this signalling pathway is very important to avoid an excess of GSC-like cells (tumour) or a loss of GSCs (sterility). Formation of the GSC niches occurs during the larval stages and the bric-à-brac (bab) locus was first discovered as being necessary for niche morphogenesis. During my doctoral studies, I have shown that Bab1 and Bab2 are necessary and sufficient for GSC recruitment by regulating dpp expression, and some of my results alos suggest that GSC recruitment might occurs according to a different mechanism that the one involved in their maintenance (Miscopein-Saler et al,. in preparation)
Bazin, Philippe. "Etude des processus de formation et de réduction des espèces sulfates sur les oxydes CEO 2, ZRO 2 et oxydes mixtes CEO 2-ZRO 2 dopés ou non par le platine : application aux catalyseurs trois voies". Caen, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998CAEN2070.
Texto completoOudompheng, Benoit. "Localisation et contribution de sources acoustiques de navire au passage par traitement d’antenne réduite". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAT071/document.
Texto completoSince the surface ship radiated noise is the main contribution to the underwater acoustic noise in coastal waters, The Marine Framework Strategy Directive of the European Commission recommends the development of the monitoring and the reduction of the impact of the traffic noise. The need for developing an industrial system for the noise mapping of the surface ship have motivated this study, it will allow the naval industries to identify which part of the ship radiates the stronger noise level.In this context, this research work deals with the development of passive noise mapping methods of a surface ship passing-by above a static linear array with a reduced number of hydrophones. Two aspects of the noise mapping are considered: the localization of acoustic sources and the identification of the relative contribution of each source to the ship acoustic signature.First, a bibliographical study concerning the acoustic radiation of a passing-by surface ship is conducted in order to list the main acoustic sources and then to simulate representative ship sources. The acoustic propagation is simulated according to the ray theory and takes the source motion into account. The simulator of the acoustic radiation of a passing-by ship is built in order to validate the proposed noise mapping methods and to design an experimental set-up. A study about the influence of the source motion on the noise mapping methods led to the use of the beamforming method for moving sources for the source localization and a deconvolution method for the identification of the source contribution. The performances of both methods are assessed considering measurement noise and uncertainties about the propagation model in order to know their limitations. A first improvement of the beamforming method consists of a passive synthetic aperture array algorithm which benefits from the relative motion between the ship and the antenna in order to improve the spatial resolution at low frequencies. Then, an algorithm is proposed to acoustically correct the trajectography mismatches of a passing-by surface ship. Finally, the last part of this thesis concerns a pass-by experiment of a towed-ship model in a lake. These measurements allowed us to validate the proposed noise mapping methods and their proposed improvements, in a real and controlled environment
Lepauloux, Ludovick. "Prise de son distante par système multimicrophone. Application à la communication parlée en environnement bruyant". Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00636256.
Texto completoDe, cacqueray Benoit. "Dispositifs géophysiques en laboratoire ondes de surfaces traitement d'antennes et haute densité spatiale". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00864038.
Texto completoVeltz, Lionel. "Formation du disque de la Voie Lactée". Phd thesis, Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00222104.
Texto completoAffes, Sofiène. "Formation de voie adaptative en milieux réverbérants /". Paris : Ecole nationale supérieure des télécommunications, 1996. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35810008d.
Texto completoVeltz, Lionel Bienaymé Olivier Freeman Ken. "Formation du disque de la Voie Lactée". Strasbourg : Université Louis Pasteur, 2008. http://eprints-scd-ulp.u-strasbg.fr:8080/871/01/VELTZ_Lionel_2007.pdf.
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