Tesis sobre el tema "Formation des polluants"
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May-Carle, Jean-Baptiste. "Ethanol et moteur Diesel : mécanismes de combustion et formation des polluants". Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00843644.
Texto completoBoucher, Aymeric. "Modélisation de la formation des polluants au sein des foyers aéronautiques par une méthode de chimie tabulée". Thesis, Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ECAP0006/document.
Texto completoThe reduction of pollutant emissions of aeronautical combustion chambers is a major issue for engine manufacturers. In order to support them in this task, it is necessary to develop numerical simulation tools able to predict accurately chemical species emissions at the chamber outlet. To achieve this, a detailed description of the chemical reactions is necessary. Nevertheless, considering the current computer capabilities, this description is not presently affordable. This is why the use of chemistry reduction methods preserving the capability to predict pollutants species is necessary. The method of tabulated chemistry is a good candidate to tackle these problems and therefore is used as the basis of model developments achieved in the framework of this PhD thesis. A preliminary work has been made to select in the literature tabulated chemistry methods applying to turbulent reactive two-phase flows. The technique to create the chemical tables has been improved in order to take into account the effect of the residence time of the burnt gases on nitrogen oxides formation. The coupling of the method with a soot model has also been achieved. The tabulated chemistry gives access to the concentration of soot precursors and oxidizers, quantities which are required by the model used for the soot prediction. The developed tabulated chemistry model has been applied to the simulation of a configuration representative of aeronautical combustors. The concentration of nitrogen oxides, soot particles, carbon monoxide and unburnt hydrocarbons predicted by the numerical simulations have been compared to experimental results. The topology of the soot volume fraction field and the shape of pollutant concentrations profiles at the outlet agree quite well with the experiments. Nevertheless, concentration levels obtained from the simulations differ from the experimental results. This can be imputed to the error in the prediction of the temperature field that is independent of the combustion model, since a similar error was observed with another combustion model
Tran, Luc Sy. "Étude de la formation de polluants lors de la combustion de carburants oxygénés". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0171/document.
Texto completoThe decrease of petroleum reserves and the increase of concentration of greenhouse gas CO2 are the two major known problems related to the use of fossil fuels. Bio-fuels appear as a means allowing a decrease of the dependence on fossil fuels and a reduction of the harmful impact of engine on the environment. Bio fuels are considered as a source of renewable energy. The aim of this thesis was to develop and validate experimentally the high temperature kinetic models for the combustion of oxygenated compounds of bio-fuels: ethanol, second-generation bio-fuels of families of furan (furan, 2-methylfuran, 2,5-dimethylfuran), of tetrahydrofuran (tetrahydrofuran, 2 methyltetrahydrofuran), and tetrahydropyran, using new data obtained in laminar premixed low-pressure flame. About 20-60 products were quantified by gas chromatography and identified using mass spectrometry. The results obtained were then used to analyze the consumption pathways of fuels and the formation pathways of products, especially for pollutants, in order to better understand the combustion chemistry of these bio-fuels. This thesis report includes 5 chapters and a conclusion. The first chapter presents a review of the major works already published in the literature for the oxidation of ethanol and cyclic ethers. In the second chapter, the experimental setup of laminar premixed flame with the analytical techniques is described, detailing in particular new developments. Eventually, chapters 3, 4, 5 present the experimental and modeling results of the study of the combustion chemistry of the compounds studied
Tran, Luc-Sy. "Étude de la formation de polluants lors de la combustion de carburants oxygénés". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0171.
Texto completoThe decrease of petroleum reserves and the increase of concentration of greenhouse gas CO2 are the two major known problems related to the use of fossil fuels. Bio-fuels appear as a means allowing a decrease of the dependence on fossil fuels and a reduction of the harmful impact of engine on the environment. Bio fuels are considered as a source of renewable energy. The aim of this thesis was to develop and validate experimentally the high temperature kinetic models for the combustion of oxygenated compounds of bio-fuels: ethanol, second-generation bio-fuels of families of furan (furan, 2-methylfuran, 2,5-dimethylfuran), of tetrahydrofuran (tetrahydrofuran, 2 methyltetrahydrofuran), and tetrahydropyran, using new data obtained in laminar premixed low-pressure flame. About 20-60 products were quantified by gas chromatography and identified using mass spectrometry. The results obtained were then used to analyze the consumption pathways of fuels and the formation pathways of products, especially for pollutants, in order to better understand the combustion chemistry of these bio-fuels. This thesis report includes 5 chapters and a conclusion. The first chapter presents a review of the major works already published in the literature for the oxidation of ethanol and cyclic ethers. In the second chapter, the experimental setup of laminar premixed flame with the analytical techniques is described, detailing in particular new developments. Eventually, chapters 3, 4, 5 present the experimental and modeling results of the study of the combustion chemistry of the compounds studied
Togbe, Casimir. "Etude cinétique de l'oxydation de constituants de biocarburants et composés modèles : formation de polluants". Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00585394.
Texto completoYahyaoui, Mohammed. "Etude cinétique de la formation de polluants à partir de mélanges représentatifs des essences". Orléans, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ORLE2024.
Texto completoZervas, Efthimios. "Etude des mécanismes de formation des polluants spécifiques émis par les moteurs à combustion interne". Mulhouse, 1996. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02966575.
Texto completoMethods for the analysis on sulfur dioxide, alcohols and organic acids have been developed. The first one includes the capture of the sulfur dioxide in a solution of oxygenated water and the analysis by ionic chromatography with a conductimetric detector. The second one includes the capture in pure water and an analysis by gas chromatography/flame ionisation detector. The third one uses the capture in pure water and the analysis of the formic acid by an ionic chromatography and of the other acids by gas chromatography. These methods have been applied in the case of vehicles' non-regulated pollutants research. An experiment design, combined specified fuels and analysis of the exhaust gazes, has been applied on a spark ignition engine. These tests proved several qualitative and quantitative correlations between the composition of the fuel and the emitted pollutants. Precursors of hydrocarbons, aldehydes, ketones, alcohols and organic acids have been found. These results show that aromatics and cyclohexane contribute for the benzene's formation, 1-hexene and cyclohexane for the 1,3 butadiene's, aromatics are the precursors of the propionic acid and o xylene of the butyric acid
Ferrendier, Marc. "Mise au point de schemas cinetiques reduits pour decrire la formation des polluants dans la combustion". Orléans, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ORLE2040.
Texto completoWan, Junfeng. "Intéraction entre l'élimination des polluants azotés et la formation des franules aérobies en réacteur biologique séquencé". Toulouse, INSA, 2009. http://eprint.insa-toulouse.fr/archive/00000254/.
Texto completoAerobic granular sludge process is a feasible technology for the treatment of nitrogen pollution, but some key points need to be further understood in order to optimize the operational conditions for its industrial application, especially considering the minimization of energy requirements. The special structure of aerobic granules generates naturally the pollutants transfer limit within granules. The spatial organization is much more heterogeneous than that in the flocs. The autotrophic bacteria and heterotrophic bacteria are interacting or competing. Thus the goal of this work is, in two experimental studies, to better understand the interactions between the growth / respiration under the anoxic/aerobic conditions and the structure of granular sludge as well as their performance for nitrogen removal. In the first experiment, two parallel SBR reactors are installed maintaining a dissolved oxygen concentration of 1. 8±0. 8 mg L-1. Nitrate (50-200 mg N L-1) was only added in the influent of one reactor, in which the aggregates properties were comparable to aerobic granules, while the aggregates properties in the other reactor were more traditional (floc-like). The kinetic observation and nitrogen measurement show that denitrification occurs within the aggregates where the DO is probably limited because of high specific biological activities and the density of biological aggregates. A developing mathematical model by the software tool AQUASIM® allows describing the concentration gradients of substrates in the granules (1 dimension) and the evolution of biological species in the reactor. This model including the phenomena of respiration / growth / storage of heterotrophic species in aerobic and anoxic conditions helps to describe the effect of nitrate on the heterotrophic growth. Not only the profile of active biomass shows a growth in more depth but also generates more storage compounds. Finally, this model reveals that heterotrophic growth in more depth (generated by the presence of nitrate) protect well the active biomass to avoid the detachment by erosion. In the second experiment, two airlift reactors worked on the different aeration strategies: a relatively moderate air flow rate (SAV = 0. 6 cm s-1) and alternating anoxic / aerobic conditions are applied in the first reactor (additional nitrate is maintained to avoid anaerobic condition), whereas a high air flow rate (SAV = 2. 83 cm s-1) and strictly aerobic conditions maintain in the second reactor. The results show that the alternating anoxic feast / aerobic famine conditions encourage the formation of aerobic granules (the size is between 500-1000 Bm) and the stabilization of nitrification performance. The aggregates strength test shows that the density of aerobic granules is higher than the flocs. The size of aerobic granules is not calibrated by the Kolmogorov micro-scale. The formation of granules is characterized by several stages: a stage of densification, an expansion phase with particles erosion (bimodal distribution), then a growth phase and a maturation
Arunthanayothin, Suphaporn. "Study of the formation of pollutants, in particular NOx, during the combustion of biogas and bio-oils". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LORR0246.
Texto completoDue to the depletion of fossil fuels and climate warnings, CO2 neutral technologies must be based primarily on renewable energy sources and must increasingly replace fossil fuels. Biogas and bio-oils are one of the renewable energy sources that are gaining attention globally due to their direct applicability without any modification, since their properties are similar to those of natural gas and petroleum. In order to use the most promising technology options, increased efforts in basic and applied research are needed. This thesis aims at obtaining a better understanding of the formation of pollutants, in particular NOx during biogas and biofuel combustion by means of both an experimental study and numerical simulations. The combustion chemistry of biogas and bio-oils in the gas phase is still relatively unknown. The establishment of an experimental database including the identification of the products and intermediates formed will allow a better understanding of the chemical reactions involved. The objective will then be to develop and validate detailed kinetic models able of reproducing the combustion of biogas and bio-oil surrogates. The study of fuel oxidation and pyrolysis was carried out using both a jet-stirred reactor and flow tube reactors over a wide range of temperature conditions (up to 2073 K). Different methods were implemented during this thesis in order to analyze the large number of intermediates. The analysis methods used for this thesis are Gas Chromatography (GC), Online-Mass Spectrometry (MS), NOx analyzer by chemiluminescence, and Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The thesis allowed the study the oxidation and pyrolysis of different fuels, from biogas surrogates (NH3, NH3/CH4, NH3/H2, H2S, H2S/CH4) to bio-oil surrogates (pyrrole, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol). The study of the formation of NOx during the oxidation of CH4 and ethylene in the presence of air was also investigated during my PhD. For most of these reactants, the experimental results were used to develop and validate a kinetic model, especially with Politecnico di Milano for nitrogen and sulfur containing fuels. These models were then used to study the decomposition pathways of the species studied
MARCHAL, ALEXANDRE. "Etude de la contribution des familles chimiques constitutives des gazoles a la formation de polluants non reglementes". Orléans, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ORLE2049.
Texto completoPengloan, Gaëlle. "Etude cinétique de l'oxydation de composés aromatiques : application à la formation de polluants dans les moteurs automobiles". Orléans, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ORLE2077.
Texto completoNocturne, Alexandra. "Développement d'outils pour la modélisation de la formation de polluants,CO et NOx, dans des chaudières domestiques". Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ECAP0524.
Texto completoGALLARDO, GARCIA JOSE CARLOS. "Etudes de la qualite de l'air : realisation d'inventaires d'emissions atmospheriques et modelisation de la formation de polluants photochimiques". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000STR13004.
Texto completoGuilloteau, Angélique. "Etude multiphasique de polluants organiques aromatiques : répartition des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques dans les suies et formation d’aérosols dans l'ozonolyse du catéchol". Orléans, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ORLE2065.
Texto completoPopp, Patrick. "Simulation numérique des réactions homogènes/hétérogènes, des transferts de chaleur, et de la formation de polluants pendant l'intéraction flamme-paroi". Toulouse, INPT, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPT035H.
Texto completoCailler, Mélody. "Mécanismes chimiques virtuels optimisés pour la prédiction des polluants dans des flammes turbulentes". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLC084/document.
Texto completoThe conflicting nature of performance, operability and environmental constraints leads engine manufacturers to perform a fine optimization of the burner geometry to find the best design compromise.Large Eddy Simulation (LES) is an attractive tool to achieve this challenging task, and is routinely used in design office to capture macroscopic flow features.However, the prediction of phenomena influenced by complex kinetic effects, such as flame stabilization, extinction and pollutant formation, is still a crucial issue.Indeed, the comprehensive description of combustion chemistry effects requires the use of detailed models imposing prohibitive computational costs, numerical stiffness and difficulties related to model the coupling with unresolved turbulent scales.Reduced-cost chemistry description strategies must then be proposed to account for kinetic effects in LES of real combustion chambers.In this thesis an original modeling approach, called virtual optimized chemistry, is developed.This strategy aims at describing the chemical flame structure and pollutant formation in relevant flame configurations, at a low computational cost.Virtual optimized kinetic schemes, composed by virtual reactions and virtual species, are built through optimization of both kinetic rate parameters and virtual species thermo-chemical properties so as to capture reference target flame quantity
Mze, Ahmed Amir Eddine. "Etude expérimentale et modélisation de la cinétique de combustion d'alcanes lourds, de kérosènes reformulés et de carburants modèles : formation de polluants". Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00674848.
Texto completoChampeau, François. "Paramétrisation des processus physico-chimiques de formation des nuages et étude de leurs impacts sur l'évolution de la composition chimique atmosphérique". Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00717866.
Texto completoChampeau, François. "Paramétrisation des processus physico-chimiques de formation des nuages et étude de leurs impacts sur l'évolution de la composition chimique atmosphérique". Phd thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CLF21748.
Texto completoNguyen, Thi Thanh Xuan. "Etude physico-chimique de la formation et de l'évolution des particules dans la ligne d'échappement des véhicules : Modélisation et expérimentation". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005STR13173.
Texto completoCaplain, Isabelle Dechaux Jean-Claude Nollet Valérie. "Mesure des émissions polluantes automobiles application à la modélisation eulérienne 3D de la formation des oxydants photochimiques dans la troposphère /". Villeneuve d'Ascq : Université des sciences et technologies de Lille, 2007. https://iris.univ-lille1.fr/dspace/handle/1908/475.
Texto completoN° d'ordre (Lille 1) : 3618. Titre provenant de la page de titre du document numérisé. Bibliogr. à la suite de chaque chapitre.
Guillaume, Bruno. "Les aérosols : émissions, formation d'aérosols organiques secondaires, transport longue distance, zoom sur les aérosols carbonés en Europe". Toulouse 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU30260.
Texto completoFèvre-Nollet, Valérie. "Simulation numérique des facteurs validants pour la formation des polluants photochimiques de la troposphère : application à la conception de deux nouveaux types de stratégies de contrôle". Lille 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LIL10049.
Texto completoCaplain, Isabelle. "Mesure des émissions polluantes automobiles : application à la modélisation eulérienne 3D de la formation des oxydants photochimiques dans la troposphère". Lille 1, 2005. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2005/50376-2005-Caplain.pdf.
Texto completoÀ partir de la répartition des polluants sur la région suivant ce cadastre, les données obtenues ont servi de données d'entrées pour un modèle de simulation physicochimique de la troposphère (UAM Urban Airshed Model). Une étude précédemment menée, portant sur l'introduction de la spéciation moléculaire détaillée des COV et l'utilisation du mécanisme CBIV n'a pas donné de résultats concluants quant à l'impact de cette spéciation sur la formation d'ozone. Nous souhaitions par l'introduction d'un nouveau mécanisme avoir une prise en compte meilleure de l'ensemble de ces composés et voir ainsi leur contribution éventuelle sur la formation d'ozone sur notre domaine. Ceci nécessitait une adaptation du modèle et notamment l'installation d'un module (interface FCM = Flexible Chemical Mecanism) permettant l'introduction d'un nouveau mécanisme chimique (SAPRC 99 au lieu du CBIV) au sein même du modèle. L'ensemble des fichiers d'entrées a été adapté pour la prise en compte de la totalité des composants. L'influence de la spéciation des COV sur la formation d'ozone sur un épisode de simulation a été ensuite étudiée avec une augmentation de la concentration d'ozone calculée aux stations et un pourcentage moyen d'écart sur la formation d'ozone de l'ordre de 28% par rapport aux calculs avec le précédent mécanisme
Haider, Kawssar Mujtaba. "Role of the organic waste products reactivity in secondary organic aerosol formation". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ULILR068.
Texto completoRecycling of organic waste products (OWP) as agricultural fertilizers is nowadays expanding as a more sustainable and eco-friendly approach compared to the traditional methods of waste disposal. However, OWP spreading may release various pollutants such as volatile organic compounds (VOC), which adversely affect the ecosystem and human health through ozone production and may serve as critical precursors of atmospheric secondary organic aerosols (SOA). The measurement of VOCs emitted by OWPs is therefore essential to assess their environmental and human health impact and, furthermore, to fundamentally understand the associated SOA formation mechanisms, which remain to date poorly documented. With this aim, we studied the VOC emissions from various sewage sludge (SS) samples, animal manure (cow, horse, sheep and goat) and digestate biowastes, along with their gas-phase oxidation products due to ozonolysis reactions. With the development of an experimental set-up consisting of atmospheric simulation chambers combined with mass spectrometric techniques, it has become possible to characterize the VOC emissions and follow the process of new particle formation (NPF) upon ozonolysis. We used proton transfer reaction quadrupole-ion-guide time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PTR-QiTOF-MS) and thermal desorption - gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (TD-GC-MS) techniques to identify and quantify the VOC emissions from each sample. In addition, we studied the chemical composition of SOA using two-step laser mass spectrometry (L2MS). Our results showed that sewage sludge, animal manure and digestate biowaste samples emitted a large spectrum of VOCs where 380, 385 and 221 compounds were detected and quantified, respectively. The assigned VOCs were classified into different chemical families: hydrocarbons, oxygenated, sulphuric, nitrogenated, and "other" compounds (containing distinct heteroatoms in the molecular formula). Sewage sludge samples were characterized by high emission flux of hydrocarbons such as aromatic compounds (phenol, indoles and skatole), terpenes (isoprene, D-limonene, sesquiterpenes, etc.). Oxygenated compounds (e.g., ethanol, butanone, cresol, acetic acid, phenol) were highly emitted from digestate biowastes and manure samples. Nitrogenated compounds (ammonia, trimethylamine, skatole, etc.) and sulphur compounds (methanethiol, DMS, DMDS, etc.) were also found in this work. Significant skatole emissions were estimated from undigested SS and digestate biowastes. The ozonolysis of skatole resulted in the formation of 2-acetyl phenyl formamide identified as the main skatole ozonolysis product. The NPF mechanism was demonstrated. Our findings imply that during OWPs spreading, skatole is an important potential contributor to the formation of new particles under atmospherically relevant conditions. The results of this work would advance our knowledge of VOCs and their impact on SOA formation and would be helpful in understanding the OWP emission characteristics and designing effective emission control strategies
Nguyen, Thi Huyen Trang. "Émissions polluantes des NOx : mécanisme de formation et de réduction". Thesis, Littoral, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013DUNK0449/document.
Texto completoNOₓ emission in the steel industry mainly come from the combustion of coal in the agglomeration process. Among the methods of NOₓ reduction for this process, the addition of additives to the mixture of raw materials agglomeration process is chosen due to its advantages. This technique is comparatively simple to implement, and requires only a low-cost investment. This thesis is part of European project INTERREG IVA CleanTech and industrial project ArcelorMittal Dunkerque in order to study NOₓ reductions by additives. The objectives of this thesis is to have a better comprehension in the mechanism of NOₓ reduction by additives to optimize the process with more effective additives. With that purpose, the properties of agglomerated products are also studied to determine the additives' influences on the quality of the final product. In the first part, an experimental study was devoted to sutdy the thermal decomposition of the additives to understand the mechanism of NOₓ reduction. The compounds formed during the pyrolysis of additives are identified and quantified. This allows us to confirm the products' influence on the reduction of NOₓ. In the second part, agglomerated products obtained in the pilot test are measured by different methods (X-ray diffraction laboratory, high-energy and high-resolution X-ray diffraction, Mössbauer spectroscopy). To determine the compositions of crystalline phases contained in the agglomerates. We then compared the differences between the reference agglomerate (without additives) and agglomerate obtained with different additives in order to determine the phases related to the mechanical resistance
Maio, Giampaolo. "Pollutant prediction in numerical simulations of laminar and turbulent flames using virtual chemistry". Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASC003.
Texto completoCFD is nowadays used by research engineers as a numerical tool to design and optimize advanced combustion devices that are employed in energy conversion systems. In the development of advanced numerical CFD tools, one of the main research challenges is the identification of a reduced combustion chemistry model able to find a compromise between accurate reproduction of the flame structure and pollutants formation with an affordable CPU cost. In particular, pollutants formation prediction is a difficult task when complex flame environments are encountered: flame characterized by mixture stratification, heat loss and burnt gas recirculation. The present research work focuses on the modeling of CO and NOx formation in complex flame conditions using a reduced finite rate chemistry approach. CO and NOx reduced chemistry models are here developed using the recent virtual chemistry model; it consists in designing reduced mechanisms made of a network of an optimized number of virtual species interacting through virtual optimized reactions. In the first step, the virtual chemistry mechanisms are developed and validated in 1-D flames comparing the results with detailed chemistry. In a second step, they are employed to compute several 2-D laminar and 3-D turbulent flame configurations which include different combustion regimes: premixed, onpremixed, partially-premixed and non-adiabatic conditions. The obtained results are validated either with experimental data or with detailed chemistry computations
Rojo, Escude-Cofiner Carolina. "Impact environnemental des aérosols formés dans les panaches d'avions : modélisation et application à l'utilisation de carburants alternatifs". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAF047/document.
Texto completoAircraft emit important amounts of particulate and gaseous matter in the atmosphere contributing on the one hand to local air pollution and on the other hand to the atmospheric radiative forcing and to climate change. Introducing alternative fuels in aviation can be considered as a viable option to reducing the impact of aviation, being economically and environmentally sustainable. These selected biofuels tend to have lower aromatic and sulphur contents inducing a simultaneous reduction in sulphuric acid and soot emissions. However modifying the nature and composition of the fuel used can entail unexpected consequences. It is therefore essential to study and determine the evolution of aerosols in the aircraft plume. To manage this task, a microphysical trajectory box, previously tested with standard kerosene, has been developed. After an assessment concerning the typical emissions from the combustion of biofuels in aviation, simulations have been undertaken in order to predict aerosol evolution. Several microphysical processes have been revised such as droplet homogeneous freezing or the behaviour of organic compounds
Savre, Julien. "Simulation numérique instationnaire de la combustion turbulente au sein de foyers aéronautiques et prédiction des émissions polluantes". Phd thesis, INSA de Rouen, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00557913.
Texto completoBugajny, Christine. "Quantification des émissions polluantes d'origine automobile et modélisation des processus de formation de l'ozone dans la ville de mexico". Lille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LIL10037.
Texto completoDevroe, Sebastien. "Etude de la combustion du charbon pulvérisé et de la formation des oxydes d'azote dans les grands foyers à chauffe tangentielle". Valenciennes, 1999. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/b6ef6d88-6f13-449b-93ef-c890860834a6.
Texto completoThis work presents a study of combustion and NOx formation is tangentially boiler plant. It’s developed with Alstom-energy and ADEME’s support. The bibliography shows the importance of the turbulent flow simulation for a good prediction of combustion. And so, the study of the flow is uncoupled from the combustion. So in first, two cold scale models are studied. One represents totally a 600 MWe tangentially boiler unit (scale 1/20), the second one simulates a tangentially burner with square coaxial injectors. The measurements are compared with different turbulent models available in finite volume computer program Fluent. A specific flow at the nozzle of the burner named “snake’s tongue” was putted in light. In second part, the reacting flows in 3 tangentially fired boilers (1 natural gas, 2 pulverized coal) are presented. The calculated results are compared with furnaces observations. Finally, NOx are calculated for the three furnaces and different firing configurations. Thermal NOx are validated with the natural gas results. After an adjustment of the Fuel-NOx model, the calculations are in good agreement for the two furnaces and different loads with measurements
Michel, Christelle. "L'aérosol de combustion dans une région en grande mutation, l'Asie". Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00069797.
Texto completoMon travail de thèse a eu pour but, tout d'abord, de développer un inventaire d'émissions de gaz et particules issues des feux de biomasse pour les campagnes ACE-Asia (Aerosol Characterization Experiment) et TRACE-P (Transport and Chemical Evolution over the Pacific), de mars à mai 2001. Pour ce faire, j'ai mis en œuvre une méthodologie la plus adaptée à mon étude, qui repose sur la cartographie des surfaces brûlées (projet GBA2000 (Global Burnt Area 2000) [Tansey et al., 2003]).
Les résultats de cette étude, ABBI (Asian Biomass Burning Inventory) [Michel et al., 2005] ont été comparés avec un autre inventaire d'émissions de feux de végétation (ACESS : ACE-Asia and TRACE-P Modelling and Emission Support System) [Streets et al., 2003], construit, non pas à partir des surfaces brûlées, mais à partir des pixels de feux actifs. Cette comparaison illustre les limitations de l'utilisation des pixels de feux dans l'établissement des cartes d'inventaires d'émissions par les feux de biomasse, tout en soulignant l'importance et la pertinence de la méthode retenue dans mon étude. Une comparaison avec les données de l'année 2000, obtenues selon la même procédure, souligne toute l'importance des variations interannuelles.
L'inventaire ABBI a été introduit dans le modèle méso-échelle MésoNH-C couplé au module aérosol ORISAM (ORganic and Inorganic Spectral Aerosol Module) [Bessagnet, 2000]. Une attention particulière a porté sur l'étude du transport des émissions de feux de végétation à travers le continent asiatique. Des comparaisons entre les données simulées et les mesures in-situ et aéroportées ont montré des résultats satisfaisants dans certains cas, mais ont également fait encore apparaître certaines limitations. Des tests de sensibilités ont été effectués pour comprendre l'origine de ces différences, avec tout d'abord une deuxième simulation avec MésoNH-C-ORISAM effectuée avec l'inventaire ACESS pour étudier l'impact des émissions de feux. Le module ORISAM dans sa version 0D a été ensuite utilisé pour mettre en évidence de manière détaillée les paramètres contrôlant la formation de l'aérosol secondaire au sein du modèle.
Au total, tout en faisant ressortir l'importance majeure des inventaires d'émissions gazeuses et particulaires à l'échelle continentale, ce travail va au delà de ce thème, en montrant notamment l'apport du modèle d'aérosol ORISAM à l'analyse et la compréhension des processus de chimie hétérogène dans les épisodes de pollution affectant l'Asie.
Milea, Andrei-Silviu. "Experimental investigation of innovative Low NOx / low soot injection systems for spinning combustiοn technology using advanced laser diagnostics". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NORMIR43.
Texto completoAnthropogenic effects on the environment present a major challenge for the aeronautical industry. Increasingly stringent pollution regulations and the necessity for sustainable air transport are driving the nowadays research toward innovative propulsion systems. In this context, Safran Helicopter Engines is advancing its patented Spinning Combustion Technology (SCT), aimed at improving helicopter engine performance. Already implemented in the Arrano engine, SCT is now being refined to significantly reduce NOx and soot emissions. As part of the European LOOPS program, two novel fuel injection systems are under investigation: one operating in a rich combustion regime tailored for an RQL combustion chamber and the other designed for lean combustion. The scientific activity of this thesis focuses on the experimental characterization of these injection systems using state-of-the-art laser diagnostics optimized for high-pressure reactive environments. The HERON combustion facility at CORIA enables the analysis of combustion and pollutant performance under conditions representative of helicopter engines, with pressures from 8 to 14 bar, air inlet temperatures from 570 to 750 K, and equivalence ratios ranging from 0.6 to 1.67. Initial flame stability maps are established, followed by in-depth analyses of liquid spray properties using Phase Doppler Particle Anemometry (PDPA). High-speed Particle Imaging Velocimetry (PIV) captures aerodynamic fields under reactive and non-reactive conditions at 10 kHz. Flame structures are examined via OH-PLIF fluorescence imaging, while kerosene-PLIF evaluates liquid and vapor fuel distributions, particularly probing aromatic components in Jet A-1 kerosene. Furthermore, NO-PLIF imaging, combined with OH-PLIF and kerosene-PLIF, enables spatial correlations between flame structure, fuel distribution, and NO production zones. Soot formation and oxidation mechanisms are explored through Planar Laser-Induced Incandescence Imaging (PLII), integrated with OH-PLIF and kerosene-PLIF. Specific methods are developed to obtain 2D distributions of quantitative concentrations of NO, OH and soot volume fraction. Results reveal that the rich-burn injector produces an asymmetrical flame with enhanced upper-zone combustion efficiency due to locally intensified liquid fuel injection. Moderate soot levels are observed despite high equivalence ratios, while localized NO production, primarily near the flame, is attributed to the Zeldovich thermal mechanism. Conversely, the lean-burn injector forms a flame structure characteristic of stratified swirl flames, despite the minor asymmetry. Improved fuel evaporation leads to higher combustion efficiency, shorter flame lengths, and a reduction in NO formation, attributed to lower flame temperatures. In spite of the lean combustion conditions, moderate soot levels are measured for the second injector. Operating conditions strongly influence performance. Higher pressures accelerate spray atomization, increase spray expansion angles, and strengthen internal recirculation zones, reshaping flame structures. The increase in soot production at higher pressure is particularly demonstrated by the rich-burn injector due to constant equivalence ratios across all test conditions, while NO levels remain stable. For the lean-burn injector, leaner operation at elevated pressures moderates pressure effects, maintaining consistent soot levels and reducing NO concentrations. These findings highlight the potential of both injection systems for optimizing performance and reducing emissions in future helicopter engines
Coddeville, Patrice. "Formation de l'ozone, polluant de la troposphère : étude expérimentale dans l'environnement et par modélisation lagrangienneévaluation de l'impact de l'heure d'été sur la pollution photooxydante". Lille 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LIL10078.
Texto completoVeillerot, Marc. "Contribution des émissions de composés organiques volatils d'une usine de construction automobile à la formation de l'ozone troposphérique". Grenoble INPG, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPG0055.
Texto completoJaecker-Voirol, Anne. "Etude physico-chimique de la formation des aerosols : application aux pluies acides et a la stratosphere". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988STR13222.
Texto completoPistikopoulos, Panayotis. "Comportement physiochimique des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques, particulaires et gazeux, dans l'atmosphere : mode de formation des aerosols, transport a meso-echelle, adaptation d'un modele-recepteur a des composes reactifs". Paris 7, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA077140.
Texto completoThibaud, Hélène. "Contribution a l'etude du mecanisme de formation de la chloropicrine au cours de traitements oxydants : application aux eaux a potabiliser". Poitiers, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987POIT2290.
Texto completoBen, Amor Hedi. "Le bioxyde de chlore dans la filière de production des eaux de consommation : contribution à l'étude de son mécanisme d'action sur les molécules modèles et sur les substances humiques aquatiques". Poitiers, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988POIT2314.
Texto completoCroué, Jean-Philippe. "Contribution a l'etude de l'oxydation par le chlore et l'ozone d'acides fulviques naturels extraits d'eaux de surface". Poitiers, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987POIT2289.
Texto completoSosso, Mayi Olivier Thierry. "Modélisation des flammes et de la formation des polluants en micro et nano combustion". Thèse, 2014. http://constellation.uqac.ca/3428/1/Sosso%20Mayi%2C%20Olivier%20Thierry.pdf.
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