Tesis sobre el tema "Formation des masses d’eau"
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Akhoudas, Camille. "Un nouveau regard sur la dynamique de l’océan Austral et ses interactions avec la cryosphère révélé par une approche isotopique". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS464.
Texto completoThe Southern Ocean is a key component in global ocean circulation and the Earth's climate system. Despite the increase of in situ observations in this remote region since the 1990s (notably with the « satellite era » and major international observation programs such as WOCE, CLIVAR, GO-SHIP, or ARGO), this immense ocean remains largely unknown. However, it is essential to observe and understand the mechanisms of its dynamics as well as its variability with the aim to predict the future evolution of the climate system. In particular, one important characteristic of the Southern Ocean is that it is one of the main sites of deep ocean ventilation, which allows redistribution and sequestration of heat, freshwater, carbon, oxygen, and nutrients. This ventilation process is mainly associated with a vertical circulation connecting the ocean surface to the abyss, fueled by intense interactions and exchanges of energy and buoyancy fluxes between atmosphere, ocean and cryosphere. In this thesis, I apprehend some aspects of the Southern Ocean dynamics by providing a mechanistic view of large-scale circulation and its ongoing changes. The approach I use throughout this thesis is based on observations of stable water isotopes, a passive tracer commonly used in a large number of earth science disciplines, but until recently only sparsely used in physical oceanography. Stable water isotopes constitute a robust tool which, as a tracer of the origin of water, help to better characterize the different components of the hydrological cycle as well as its evolution. In particular, the isotopic composition of seawater represents an important imprint of water masses, containing information on the conditions of their formation and their evolution. In this thesis, beyond the important methodological work at sea and in the laboratory for the sampling, analysis and calibration of isotopic measurements, I use the stable water isotopes in combination with other more conventional tracers to apprehend, with a new perspective, the questions of the role of interactions between the Southern Ocean and the Antarctic Ice Sheet in large-scale circulation, the signature of surface waters in the abyss, or even the impact of changes in atmospheric or cryosphere regimes on the surface ocean. Beyond the only use of stable water isotopes, original approaches have allowed me to document melting and refreezing of one of the largest ice shelves in the world, which influences the characteristics of the dense waters, precursors of abyssal waters produced in the Weddell Sea. My results also reveal the proportion of these dense waters in bottom water formation in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean. We detail the processes that lead to the formation of bottom waters and with this new insight, we demonstrate that past estimates of bottom water production, in apparent contradiction, were actually focusing on different processes. Finally, I propose to quantify the changes in freshwater inputs over the past three decades that influence the trends in surface properties in the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean. The results demonstrate that changes in the precipitation regime explain changes in the surface ocean characteristics impacting stratification with consequences for large-scale water mass formation and overturning circulation in the Southern Ocean
Lekouch, Imad. "Production d’eau potable par condensation passive de l’humidité atmosphérique (rosée)". Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066638.
Texto completoPetit, Tillys. "Caractérisation de la circulation autour, au-dessus et à travers (via des zones de fracture) la dorsale de Reykjanes". Thesis, Brest, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BRES0061/document.
Texto completoThe Reykjanes Ridge is a major topographic feature of the North-Atlantic Ocean that extends from Iceland to the Charlie Gibbs Fracture Zone. Located between the Iceland Basin and the Irminger Sea, the Reykjanes Ridge strongly influences the subpolar gyre circulation and is a gate toward the deep convection areas. However, the circulation and distribution across the Reykjanes Ridge has never been directly quantified such that the characterization of the connection between the Iceland Basin and the Irminger Sea is still incomplete. As part of the Reykjanes Ridge Experiment project, we were able to analyze the circulation around, above and across the Reykjanes Ridge. Mainly based on hydrographic sections along and perpendicular to the ridge axis, the aim of this PhD thesis was thus to characterize the 3-D circulation and properties of the flow along and across the Reykjanes Ridge.We started by accurately quantifying geostrophic transports across the sections, which led to improvements in the treatment of S-ADCP data. Across the Reykjanes Ridge, the intensity of the wesward branch of the subpolar gyre was estimated at21.9 + 2.5 Sv in June – July 2015 with intensifications at the Bight Fracture Zone (BFZ) and at 59 – 62°N. At the BFZ, overflow waters are influenced by the bathymetry such as their hydrological properties evolve as they cross the Reykjanes Ridge. Finally, both the bathymetry and the cyclonic horizontal circulation of the Iceland Basin regulate the evoluton of the along-ridge flows by blocking water masses, and thus shaping the water mass distribution over the Reykjanes Ridge. In addition to waters from the crossridge flow, the Irminger Current incorporates waters from the center of the Irminger Sea
Sheehan, Patrick D. y Josh A. Eisner. "Disk Masses for Embedded Class I Protostars in the Taurus Molecular Cloud". IOP PUBLISHING LTD, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626418.
Texto completoCsengeri, Timea. "Formation des étoiles massives : la recherche et l'étude des phases précoces". Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA077243.
Texto completoThe formation of high-mass stars is one of the fondamental problems in today's astrophysics. During this thesis observational constraints are put on theoretical models describing the formation of high-mass stars. A significant part of the presented work is dedicated to high angular-resolution follow-up observations of high-mass star-forming sites in the Cygnus-X molecular complex, because it offers the opportunity to reach individual collapsing objects with current interferometers. The first part focuses on the fragmentation and kinematic properties of a sample of IR-quiet massive dense cores. These are found to be sub-fragmented into a few, high-mass protostars (Bontemps et al 2010). Dense gas tracers show that at small-scales supersonic, organized flows are present, which may converge to the central potential of the proto-cluster providing additional mass for star-formation processes. A similar finding is presented in the most massive part of the Cygnus-X complex associated with the DR21(OH) clump, which is a rich protocluster at its early stage of evolution. It shows hierarchical fragmentation and may lead to the birth of an even richer cluster, than the Orion Nebuli Cluster. The cold dense gas of this clump shows similarly high level of kinematic complexity in thé form of organized, small-scale converging flows. Altogether this indicates that dynamical processes may govern the formation and evolution of massive dense cores and the high-mass protostars within them. In a larger-scale study it is shown, that even on several parsec scales dynamical processes may play an important role in building-up massive structures (Schneider et al. 2010)
Prygiel, Émilie. "Impact des remises en suspension du sédiment liées au trafic fluvial en rivières canalisées sur l’état des masses d’eau : application au bassin Artois-Picardie". Thesis, Lille 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL10110/document.
Texto completoRivers channelization and creation of linking channels to facilitate industrial development and trade have led to a strong historical pollution and artificialization of aquatic environments that are now subjected to good potential status objectives. Sediment resuspension by navigation, its impact on water quality and the achievement of status are the main concern of this thesis. Sediment and water chemical quality of three channels of Northern France have been studied: the Deûle River, the Sensée River (both navigated) and the Scarpe River (not navigated). The rivers have varying concentrations of P and ETM (overall Deûle ~ Scarpe > Sensée), which are generally well trapped with sulfides in sediments. Although the concentrations of dissolved ETM remain relatively low compared to the levels recorded in the sediment, they can sometimes exceed the environmental quality standards of the WFD. Lability of these ETM estimated by DGT is weak, even for Pb which is however significantly accumulated by caged gammarids deployed on the three sites. The navigation seems to play a limited role in the enrichment of the water column in dissolved metals and phosphorus, as well as the oxygenation of surface waters. Phytoplankton appears to have a greater influence on the evolution of these environments. Finally, the impact of navigation on the chemical quality of the water remains limited due to the peculiar geochemistry of the Artois-Picardie basin
Imara, Nia, Abraham Loeb, Benjamin D. Johnson, Charlie Conroy y Peter Behroozi. "A Model Connecting Galaxy Masses, Star Formation Rates, and Dust Temperatures across Cosmic Time". IOP PUBLISHING LTD, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/627101.
Texto completoBhurtun, Pratima. "Dynamique de la qualité des masses d’eau dans le bassin Artois-Picardie : compréhension des mécanismes actuels et prévision des évolutions dans un contexte de changement climatique". Thesis, Lille 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1R055.
Texto completoThe River Selle is a non-channelised stream in the Artois-Picardy basin and is considered as a priority waterbody by the Artois-Picardy Water Agency. The aim of this work was to study the spatio-temporal behaviour of several substances at different time scales, ranging from low-frequency (grab sampling, passive samplers) to high-frequency monitoring. More specifically, tracers of pollution reflecting urban, agricultural and industrial contamination (nitrates, phosphates, trace metal elements, pesticides, pharmaceutical residues, dissolved organic matter) were investigated. We confirmed that the River Selle is mainly fed by a nitrate-rich groundwater. Besides, the nitrates and atrazine concentrations in the river water were similar to those found in the groundwater. At the upstream of the river, the land-use is mainly dominated by agriculture whereas most of the urban islets are located at the downstream of the river. Consequently, during dry weather, ultra-trace concentrations of some pesticides and pharmaceutical residues were recorded and phosphate levels often exceeded 0.2 mg L-1. Due to the minor flow input of the wastewater treatment plants into the river, metallic contamination in the River Selle (particularly Gd and Zn) is quite low despite the high concentrations measured in wastewater effluents. Water quality issues during storm events were identified by high-frequency monitoring. Significant but time-limited peaks in phosphorus and organic carbon were observed, while nitrates were diluted. The composition of dissolved organic matter was studied by fluorescence spectroscopy. The spectral signature of different types of water (groundwater, surface water and wastewater effluents) was characterised as well as the origins of this organic matter (autochtonous vs allochthonous). Finally, these results enable to discuss qualitatively the future effects of climate change at a regional scale on the evolution of the water quality of the River Selle
Lannier, Justine. "Formation des planètes géantes autour des étoiles de faibles masses : contraintes observationnelles en imagerie (optique adaptative)". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAY041/document.
Texto completoStudying exoplanets, and in particular gaseous giant planets, is a new field of modern astrophysics. Understanding how the giant planets form, dynamically evolve, evolve with time, and have an impact on potential other planets within a stellar system are part of the biggest challenges of this science. The development of the most efficient observational technics and optimal analysis tools have been necessary to bring answers to these problematics. This is the context in which I realized my PhD thesis. I present in this manuscript the three projects that I led during these last three years.First, I studied the occurrence rate of the giant planets that orbit around M dwarfs. To realize this statistical study, I used NaCo data from two surveys. The first survey was composed of M dwarfs, the second was made of AF stars that were already studied by members of our team. I developed a Monte Carlo code, and used the contrapositive logic to lead a comparative analysis of these two surveys. I also associated stellar to planet mass ratios to planetary formation scenarios. My conclusions are that giant planets can more easily be formed by core accretion around AF stars than around M dwarfs, for separations between 8 and 400 astronomical units. Wide-orbit giant planets are rare whatever the stellar mass (basically <20%).Then, I developed a statistical tool that combines radial velocity and direct imaging data of specific stars, to better constrain the giant planet population at all separations. The code that I wrote is based on a Monte Carlo generation of synthetic planet populations. I applied this code on radial velocity and direct imaging data from young and nearby stars: AUMic, ßPictoris, HD113337, and HD95086. The future applications will be numerous thanks to the increase of the time baseline of radial velocity data and thanks to new high contrast and high resolution instruments able to probe shorter regions.These first two projects have allowed me to understand how to reduce and analyse data, and to develop statistical tools useful for my last project. This last project consists of observing, reducing and analyzing radial velocity and direct imaging data of a sample of K5-M5 young and nearby dwarfs. This project will bring strong constraints on the gaseous giant planet population that orbits around low mass stars, from short to wider separations
Guilyardi, Eric. "Role de la physique oceanique sur la formation/consommation des masses d'eau dans un modele couple ocean-atmosphere". Toulouse 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU30278.
Texto completoCapuano, Tonia Astrid. "Small-scale ocean dynamics in the Cape Basin and its impact on the regional circulation". Thesis, Brest, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BRES0115/document.
Texto completoThis study addresses the role of oceanic small-scale processes in the formation and transformation of subsurface waters that participate in the Indo-Atlantic interocean exchange.We focus on the Cape Basin dynamics, characterized by a highly non-linear turbulence.We provide qualitative and quantitative evidence of the direct impact that meso- and submesoscale structures, their dynamical interactions and their seasonal variability have on the local thermocline and intermediate waters. A sequence of numerical simulations, ranging from ’eddy-permitting’ to ’submesoscale resolving’, underlines the importance of an adequate vertical resolution to correctly depict the water masses properties.We point out that Agulhas eddies are mainly generated through baroclinic instabilities and are marked by a clear seasonality. This is linked to the seasonal occurrence of distinct meso-submesoscale instabilities in the upper layers: symmetric instabilities are at play during summer, while mixed-layer instabilities prevail in winter.We also found that Charney baroclinic instability connects these two submesoscale regimes and plays a major role in the seasonal formation of a newly-identified type of mode waters: Agulhas Rings Mode Water. Finally, we show that eddies of both polarity advect, stir and mix Antarctic Intermediate Water, via the mesoscale strain field producing filaments and T-S fine-scale structures.Our results suggest the existence of two dynamical regimes affecting the upper and intermediate layers of the Cape Basin. Near the surface, the submesoscale-driven frontogenesis and their enhanced energetics lead to a predominance of ageostrophic dynamics. The intermediate depths are, instead, characterised by a quasigesotrophic regime due to the prevailing mesoscale effects
Demizieux, Marie-Christine. "Étude des mécanismes de formation et d’écaillage des couches d’oxydes formées après oxydation de l’alliage T91 en milieu vapeur d’eau à 550°C". Thesis, Compiègne, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015COMP2217/document.
Texto completoIn the framework of the development of Generation IV reactors and specifically in the new Sodium Fast Reactor (SFR) project, Fe-9Cr ferritic-martensitic steels are candidates as structural materials for steam generators. Indeed, Fe-9Cr steels are already widely used in high temperature steam environments – like boilers and steam turbines- for their combination of creep strength and high thermal properties. Many studies have been focused on Fe-9Cr steels oxidation behavior between 550°C-700°C.Depending on the oxidizing environment, formation of a triplex (Fe-Cr spinel/magnetite/hematite) or duplex (Fe-Cr spinel/magnetite) oxide scales are reported.. Besides, for long time exposure in steam, the exfoliation of oxide scales can cause serious problems such as tube obstruction and steam turbine erosion. Consequently, this work has been dedicated to study, on the one hand the oxidation kinetics of T91 steel in water vapor environments, and on the other hand, the mechanisms leading to the spallation of the oxide scale. Oxidation tests have been carried out at 550°C in pure water vapor and in Ar/D2O/H2 environments with different hydrogen contents. Based on an analytical resolution, a quantitative modeling has shown that the “available space model” proposed in the literature for duplex oxide scale formation well reproduces both scales growth kinetics and spinel oxide stoichiometry. Then, oxidized samples have been precisely characterized and it turns out that buckling then spalling of the oxide scale is always located in the magnetite layer. Voids observed in the magnetite layer are major initiation sites of decohesion of the outer oxide scale. A mechanism of formation of these voids has been proposed, in accordance with the mechanism of duplex scale formation. The derived model based on the assumption that vacancies accumulate where the iron vacancies flux divergence is maximal gives a good estimation of the location of pores inside the magnetite layer. Then, in order to evaluate stresses involved in the spallation of the oxide scale, deflection tests have been performed in different oxidizing environments at 550°C. Tests carried out in Ar/H2O/(H2) and in CO2 have highlighted the presence of compressive growth strains (around -150 MPa) during isothermal oxidation. Moreover, hydrogen seems to promote the oxide scale embrittlement. A numerical approach has also been developed in order to simulate the deflection test experiment, taking into account different relaxation phenomenon and considering a triplex oxide scale. Hence, stress relaxation by oxide scale viscoplasticity and microfissuration have been quantified
Herrmann, Marine. "Formation et devenir des masses d'eau en Méditerranée nord-occidentale - Influence sur l'écosystème planctonique pélagique - Variabilité interannuelle et changement climatique". Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00329937.
Texto completoNous nous intéressons d'abord à la formation et au devenir des masses d'eau en Méditerranée nord-occidentale. L'influence de la résolution spatiale du modèle océanique est examinée lors de l'étude de la convection profonde au large pour une année réelle. Le rôle essentiel joué par les structures de méso-échelle dans la formation et le devenir de l'eau profonde est mis en évidence. La comparaison de simulations effectuées avec différents forçages atmosphériques permet de montrer l'influence de la résolution spatiale de ce forçage sur la modélisation de la convection, liée à l'importance des extrêmes atmosphériques. Puis nous examinons l'impact de la variabilité interannuelle atmosphérique et du changement climatique sur la formation d'eau dense sur le plateau du Golfe du Lion. Les volumes d'eau dense formée, exportée, et cascadant sont corrélés à la perte de chaleur atmosphérique hivernale. L'intensification de la stratification de la colonne d'eau d'ici la fin du XXIème siècle provoque une quasi-disparition du cascading.
L'influence des processus physiques sur l'écosystème planctonique pélagique est examinée au moyen d'un modèle couplé hydrodynamique-biogéochimie. L'étude d'une année de référence permet de valider le modèle et d'en soulever les points faibles. Si les bilans de production présentent une faible variabilité interannuelle, celle de l'exportation de carbone et du métabolisme net est plus marquée. Le changement climatique provoque une augmentation de la production primaire et une intensification de la boucle microbienne.
Herrmann, Marine. "Formation et devenir des masses d'eau en Méditerranée nord-occidentale : influence sur l'écosystème planctonique pélagique : variabilité inter-annuelle et changement climatique". Toulouse 3, 2007. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/489/.
Texto completoOur objective is to contribute to the understanding of the functioning of the Mediterranean system using modeling tools. We first study the formation and fate of water masses in the Northwestern Mediterranean Sea. The impact of the oceanic model spatial resolution on open-ocean deep convection modeling is examined through a real case study, and is related to the essential role played by the mesoscale structures in the formation and fate of deep water. The comparison of simulations performed under different atmospheric forcings enables to study the influence of the spatial resolution of this forcing on the modeling of deep convection and to underline the importance of atmospheric extremes. We then investigate the impact of interannual atmospheric variability and climate change on dense water formation over the Gulf of Lions shelf. The volumes of dense water formed over the shelf, exported and cascading into the deep ocean are well correlated with the winter atmospheric heat loss. The strengthening of the water column stratification between the XXth and the XXIst centuries induces a strong decrease of these volumes. We examine the impact of physical processes on the planktonic pelagic ecosystem using a coupled hydrodynamical - biogeochemical model. The study of a reference year enables to validate the model and to underline its defects. Primary production and respiration show a weak interannual variability, however, carbon exportation and net metabolism show a stronger variability. Finally, the warming of sea water due to climate change induces an increase of primary production by the end of the XXIth century, together with an enhancement of the microbial loop
Manasfi, Tarek. "Contribution of organic UV filters to the formation of disinfection byproducts in chlorinated seawater swimming pools : occurrence, formation and genotoxicity". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4718.
Texto completoDisinfection of swimming pool water is critical to prevent outbreaks of infectious diseases. However, disinfectants react with organic compounds present in water, including anthropogenic inputs (e.g. body fluids, sunscreens), leading to the formation of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) that have been linked to adverse health effects. Little is known about the fate of organic UV filters, present in sunscreens and personal care products, when introduced into chlorinated seawater swimming pools. The aims of the present study were to investigate the reactivity of five commonly used organic UV filters in chlorinated seawater, identify DBPs generated from the UV filters, analyze the occurrence of these DBPs in seawater swimming pools, and examine their genotoxicity. Chlorination experiments were conducted to analyze the reactivity of the UV filters oxybenzone (OXY), dioxybenzone (DIOXY), avobenzone (AVO), octyl methoxycinnamate (OMC), and octocrylene (OC) in reconstituted seawater. All the studied UV filters except OC were degraded in chlorinated seawater resulting in the formation of brominated DBPs. Based on the identified byproducts, transformation pathways were proposed. The occurrence of the identified DBPs was investigated in seawater pools. Several brominated DBPs were identified in seawater pool samples. The genotoxicity of bromal hydrate (BH), which was generated by the benzophenone UV filters OXY and DIOXY and detected in the investigated seawater pools, was assessed. BH induced genotoxic activity in the Ames test and in the comet assay. Overall, this study shows that UV filters can act as precursors for the formation of genotoxic DBPs in chlorinated seawater pools
Pham, Trung-Kien. "Etude expérimentale et modélisation de la cristallisation d’hydrates de méthane en écoulement a partir d’une dispersion eau-huile a fort pourcentage d’eau". Thesis, Lyon, 2018. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02869624.
Texto completoProduction of crude oil with natural gas and water at low temperature and high pressure favors conditions for gas hydrate formation which might cause many troubles in flow assurance, up to blockage of pipelines. To prevent plugging, varieties of methods are applied to flowlines by addition of thermodynamic inhibitors (THIs), kinetic hydrate inhibitors (KHIs) and anti-agglomerants (AAs). Recently, AAs are more widely used due to not only their high performance at severe conditions but also the reduction in costs of operation at low dosage (AA-LDHIs). Mostly, previous studies on gas hydrate formation and transport have focused on low water cuts and without anti-agglomerants. On the contrary, at high water cuts, the gas hydrate formation and transport in the presence of AA-LDHI and/or salt in pipelines are not widely understood. The principal objective of this study is a better understanding on hydrate formation and plugging by testing the role of commercial additives to avoid plugging. In details, this work deals with hydrate kinetics of crystallization and agglomeration together with hydrate slurry transport and deposition under flowing conditions (especially at high water cuts). Effects of various parameters were studied, including the amount of commercial anti-agglomerants (AA-LDHIs), water volume fraction, and water salinity in a mixture of Kerdane® oil and water. The experiments were performed in the “Archimède” 80 bar - pilot scale flowloop which reproduces the conditions in oil and gas transport in subsea pipelines. The experimental apparatus is equipped with a FBRM (Focused Beam Reflectance Measurement) and a PVM (Particle Video Microscope) probe and temperature, pressure drop, flowrate and density sensors. The flow was induced through Moineau pump and/or a “gas-lift” system. The results revealed that with gas-lift protocol; hydrates formed on the surface of gas bubbles and water droplets and they were transported in oil and water continuous phases. Generally, the hydrates tend to deposit at high water cut and agglomerate at low water cut. Mechanisms of hydrate formation and transport with and without AA-LDHI in bubble conditions were proposed. With Moineau pump protocol; effects of hydrate formation
Barral, Quentin-Boris. "Caractérisation du front Nord-Baléares : Variabilité et rôle de la circulation des masses d'eau en Méditerranée Occidentale". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022TOUL0006.
Texto completoThe Western Mediterranean is one of the basins with the most plastic pollution in the world, and its surface warming is four times more intense than that of the oceans. It is a so-called "laboratory basin" for the study of the global ocean : it develops its own overturning circulation. Its currentology is composed of 4 layers and about 6 water masses. The meeting of two water masses of different surface temperatures and salinities creates a thermohaline front. This thesis presents recent advances in the characterisation of front zones and water mass dynamics in the Western Mediterranean. The detection of surface fronts in a simulation, and on satellite observations, has produced maps of front presence statistics. Two major zones of fronts, of temperature and salinity, appear in the centre of the basin and are very different. The first is thermal, summer and 50m deep. It starts in the Pyrenees but fades towards the north-west of Corsica. The second is haline, quasi-permanent and over 200m depth. It clearly connects the Balearic Islands to southwestern Sardinia. Previously confused within a single "North Balearic front", their different origins and locations imply that two new designations are proposed. The haline front zone marks the boundary between young southern Atlantic waters (AW) and old northern waters (mAW). It is displaced southwards during the interannual deep water formation (DWF) of the Provençal basin, and then moves northwards under the influence of Algerian eddies (AEs). The development of an algorithmfor separating the 6 different water masses allowed the description of the particular circulation of each of them in the simulation. The average circulations coincide with the known literature. Then, besides an unrealistic deep circulation event, two important results are deduced. On the one hand, the simulation shows that the DWF of the Provençal Basin seems to dislocate the deep East Algerian gyre, modifying in turn the trajectory of the surface AEs. On the other hand, the 2005 DWF induced a deep water transit towards the Tyrrhenian Sea in 2009. However, this transit induced a surface return flow of mAWs through the Sardinia Channel towards the Algerian Basin, instead of the usual inflow through the Corsica Channel, and exceptionally causing AWto reach the Ligurian Sea
Lacarra, Maïté. "Etude de la formation d'eau dense sur le plateau est-Antarctique à partir d'observations hydrologiques dans la polynie du Mertz". Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066265.
Texto completoThe objective of this PhD thesis was to study the variability of the properties of the dense shelf water formed in the Mertz Polynya on the Antarctic shelf off Adélie Land. This water mass is a precursor to a major source of Antarctic Bottom Water, the ALBW (Adélie Land Bottom Water). Our analysis is based on hydrographyical observations collected from 2007 to 2012 as part of the ALBION project during summer cruises, and through all year long moorings, combined with estimates of sea-ice production and interpreted in the idealized framework of a mixed layer model. Several hydrographycal regimes, mainly linked with topography, were identified. The interannual variability of the summer salinity of the dense water was shown to relate to the previous winter convective activity. Before the Mertz glacier calving in February 2010, the convection efficiency is modulated by the vertical stratification. After, the calving, the sharp decline of the sea-ice production leads to a shutdown of the deep convection and a bottom layer which was not dense enough to possibly contribute to the renewal of the Antarctic Bottom Water in the Australian-Antarctic Basin. A rough estimate of the fresh water budget of the Adelie Depression taking into account summer sea-ice melt suggests that the Mertz calving did not affect much the fresh water input to the depression. At last, a mixed layer model coupled to a simplified model of sea-ice production shows that the ocean heat flux can reduce the ice production by 17% over the year
Kavatza-Mitiakoudis, Efpraxia. "Etude par détermination des distributions de masses moléculaires de la formation d'oxycelluloses dans le blanchiment de pâtes cellulosiques par l'oxygène en milieu alcalin". Grenoble INPG, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986INPG0089.
Texto completoKavatza-Mitiakoudis, Efpraxia. "Etude par détermination des distributions de masses moléculaires de la formation d'oxycelluloses dans le blanchiment de pâtes cellulosiques par l'oxygène en milieu alcalin". Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37598657m.
Texto completoDubois-Dauphin, Quentin. "Restitution de l’hydrologie de l’Atlantique Nord-Est et de la Méditerranée occidentale depuis la dernière période glaciaire à partir de la composition isotopique du néodyme mesurée dans l’eau de mer et les coraux d’eau froide". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS114/document.
Texto completo: The purpose of this thesis is to constrain the hydrology of the North-East Atlantic and western Mediterranean Sea since the last glacial period from neodymium isotopic composition (εNd) measured on seawater, cold water corals and foraminifera. In particular, hydrological changes of intermediate water masses (LIW, AAIW, MSW, mid-subtropical and subpolar gyre water) have been studied as their role on salt budget in North Atlantic and ultimately on AMOC are currently poorly constrained. This work has been conducted at times of major and abrupt hydrological changes that occurred during rapid climatic variations of the last glacial period (Heinrich and Dansgaard-Oeschger events) and during the last sapropel deposit (S1) in eastern Mediterranean Sea. In a first step, we have improved the spatial distribution of water masses εNd values in North-east Atlantic and Alboran Sea, what is an absolute prerequisite in order to track past hydrological changes in these areas with εNd proxy. Next, we have highlighted a major change of the western Mediterranean circulation pattern during the sapropel S1 deposit, which is marked south of Sardinia by a strong reduction of eastern-sourced water masses (LIW) in favor of western-sourced water masses (WIW). This hydrological change as well as those occurring in Mediterranean Sea since the last glacial period was not associated with strong modifications of εNd values in Alboran and Balearic Sea, suggesting a stability of Nd isotopic signature of MOW over the time. This has highlighted, from an εNd record obtained on cold water corals in the Gulf of Cadiz, an enhanced contribution of more radiogenic AAIW and therefore a stronger northward penetration in North Atlantic at times of reduced AMOC linked to iceberg discharges from Northern Hemisphere ice sheets
Vulcani, Benedetta. "The evolution of the galaxy mass assembly and star formation activity from z=1 to z=0 as a function of environment". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3421743.
Texto completoLo scopo principale di questa tesi e` quello di verificare l'importanza della massa delle galassie e dell'ambiente per l'evoluzione delle proprieta` delle galassie. Per fare cio`, ho studiato il tasso di formazione stellare, la massa stellare e le morfologie di galassie situate a diversi redshift, per caratterizzare la storia dell'evoluzione stellare, l'aggregazione della massa stellare e l'evoluzione della struttura delle galassie situate in ambienti diversi. I dati utilizzati per questo lavoro derivano da quattro campagne osservative che hanno lo scopo di campionare galassie in ambienti differenti e a diverse epoche cosmiche nell'intervallo z=0-1: la Wide-field Nearby Galaxy-cluster Survey (WINGS - Fasano et al. 2006), il Padova-Millennium Galaxy and Group Catalogue (PM2GC - Calvi, Poggianti, Vulcani2011), l'IMACS Cluster Building Survey (ICBS - Oemler et al. 2012a,b, in preparazione) e l'ESO Distant Cluster Survey (EDisCS - White et al. 2005). I primi risultati presentati in questa tesi riguardano l'analisi del tasso di formazione stellare e del tasso specifico di formazione stellare per galassie di varie masse stellari e situate in vari ambienti. Prendendo in esame un campione di galassie di EDisCS e dati di letteratura, ho trovato che il tasso di formazione stellare per ogni massa diminuisce con il tempo. Inoltre, il tasso specifico di formazione stellare diminuisce all'aumentare della massa, a prova del fatto che a $z\sim 0.6$ la formazione stellare contribuisce maggiormente alla crescita delle galassie di piccola massa piuttosto che a quella delle galassie pi\`u massive. In generale, le galassie di ammasso presentano un tasso di formazione stellare minore di quelle di campo, di un fattore ~1.5. In conclusione, il tasso di formazione stellare medio delle galassie che formano stelle dipende sia dalla massa che dall'ambiente. Successivamente, utilizzando dati provenienti da WINGS e EDisCS, presento uno studio sulla relazione tra massa e morfologia (ossia come variano le frazioni morfologiche con la massa), mostrando come questa relazione dipenda dal redshift. Sia a z=0 che a z~0.6, circa il 40% della massa stellare e' racchiusa in galassie ellittiche, mentre il 43% della massa stellare e' nelle S0 in ammassi vicini e in galassie di tipi morfologici piu' avanzati in ammassi lontani. Di seguito, in base ai dati di tutti i campioni disponibili, presento l'analisi della distribuzione di massa stellare delle galassie in campioni limitati in massa, focalizzandomi su alcuni aspetti principali: l'influenza dell'ambiente globale e locale sull'anda-mento della distribuzione di massa, l'evoluzione della distribuzione stessa, sia in galassie di ammasso che in galassie di campo, e le predizioni delle simulazioni per la distribuzione di massa di galassie in aloni di massa differente. I principali risultati possono essere cos\`i riassunti: (1) Per galassie a redshift intermedio la funzione di massa non dipende dall'ambiente globale: le galassie di ammasso, di gruppo e di campo sono regolate da distribuzioni simili, almeno per galassie con M_star/M_sun >10.5. (2) La distribuzione di massa in ammasso evolve da z~ 0.6 a z~0: il numero di galassie di piccola massa negli ammassi vicini e' proporzionalmente maggiore rispetto a quello di galassie negli ammassi lontani. Quest'evoluzione e' per la maggior parte dovuta al fatto che,le galassie di piccola massa, a questi redshift, continuano a formare stelle e crescono in massa. Contemporaneamente, le galassie cambiano anche tipo morfologico. (3) Confrontando l'evoluzione della funzione di massa in ammassi e nel campo, da z~0.4 e z~0.6 fino a z~0, si trova che e' molto simile nei diversi ambienti, pertanto l'evoluzione sembra essere indipendente dall'ambiente stesso. (4) La densita' locale influenza la distribuzione di massa, sia in diversi ambienti globali sia a diversi redshift. Le galassie situate in zone a diversa densita' sono regolate da distribuzioni di massa differenti. Riassumendo i risultati, si puo' concludere che proprieta' delle galassie come la massa sono maggiormente influenzate dalla densita' locale che dall'ambiente globale in cui si trovano. (5) Le simulazioni riescono a riprodurre la distribuzione di massa osservata solo per il campo a basso redshift, mentre negli altri casi danno risultati in disaccordo con le osservazioni. Questo significa che i modelli non sono ancora in grado di trattare nel modo corretto la formazione stellare, soprattutto a basse masse. Dal momento che sia le frazioni morfologiche che la distribuzione di massa variano con il redshift, e' interessante studiare l'effetto della loro evoluzione sull'evoluzione della distribuzione di ellitticita' delle galassie dei primi tipi morfologici (ellittiche ed S0) in ammasso. In base ai dati di WINGS ed EDisCS, l'evoluzione totale e' dovuta sia alla variazione della mediana che della forma della distribuzione ai diversi redshift. Tale evoluzione non e' semplicemente dovuta alle diverse distribuzioni di massa di ellittiche ed S0 ai diversi redshift, bensi' alla variazione delle frazioni morfologiche e quindi del diverso contributo di ellittiche ed S0 alla popolazione totale. Come ultimo argomento, presento la riduzione dati e l'analisi spettroscopica di galassie situate in un campo contenente un ammasso a z=0.96, Cl1103.7-1245C, che fa parte del progetto di EDisCS. Mostro il confronto tra le popolazioni delle galassie localizzate nelle due principali strutture del campo (``ammasso principale'' e ``struttura secondaria'') con le popolazioni di altri ammassi di EDisCS, localizzati a redshift piu' bassi, ma caratterizzati da una dispersione di velocita' simile. In generale, risulta che le proprieta' dell'ammasso principale sono molto simili a quelle degli altri ammassi ed in linea con l'evoluzione delle propriet\`a con il redshift, mentre la struttura secondaria e' una struttura peculiare composta principalmente da galassie di piccola massa, con elevata formazione stellare e di morfologia peculiare. Concludendo, la massa stellare galattica gioca un ruolo molto importante nell'influenzare l'evoluzione: le galassie possono assumere diversi valori di massa e la loro evoluzione \`e fortemente legata alla massa stessa. Comunque, massa e ambiente non sono indipendenti. L'effetto dell'ambiente in cui la galassia si trova si esplica sia su alcune proprieta' delle galassie che, in qualche modo, sulla distribuzione di massa: galassie piu' massive si trovano preferibilmente in ambienti piu' densi.
Nony, Thomas. "Formation d'étoiles massives en amas : conditions initiales, origine des masses stellaires et éjections protostellaires The unexpectedly large proportion of high-mass star-forming cores in a Galactic mini-starburst Detection of a high-mass prestellar core candidate in W43-MM1 Episodic accretion constrained by a rich cluster of outflows Molecular analysis of a high-mass prestellar core candidate in W43-MM1". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAY054.
Texto completoThe research I have performed during my PhD addresses three major challenges of the star formation field: constraining, observationally, the earliest phases of high-mass star formation – the so-called prestellar stage, studying the origin of the stellar masses, and characterizing the process of protostellar accretion-ejection.Going beyond the current paradigms of star formation requires studying star-forming regions which are more representative of the general mode of star formation in the Milky Way. To this purpose I have used ALMA observations of W43-MM1, a young located at 5.5 kpc distance from the Sun, which presents a high star formation rate. The first step of my work has been to identify and characterize cores in the continuum image. I discovered 131 cores about 2400 AU in size which have mass between 1 and 100 Msun. I measured their mass distribution (CMF) and found a slope of -0.96 +/- 0.13 on 1.6 - 100 Msun that is markedly flatter than the reference Salpeter slope of the IMF on that range, -1.35. This means an overabundance of high-mass cores - and thus high-mass stars -compared to the number expected by the current models of star formation. Possible explanations imply either that star-formation is atypical in W43-MM1 (variably in the Milky Way) or that high-mass stars form at different time than low-mass stars in a cluster (star formation would not be a continuous process).I have characterized these cores using CO(2-1) and SiO(5-4) lines and revealed a rich cluster of 45 outflow lobes from 27 cores covering the whole mass range and including 11 high-mass cores (M>16 Msun). I have also used the detection of Complex Organic Molecules (COMs), typically detected in warm environments like hot cores, as indicator of the protostellar activity. 12 out of the 13 high-mass cores in W43-MM1 have eventually been characterized as protostellar, leaving one good high-mass prestellar core candidate. These statistics raises question about the universality of a prestellar phase for high-mass stars and suggests that the core-fed models for high-mass star formation cannot generally apply. The protostellar outflows also bring valuable information on the accretion/ejection history. I have studied the kinematics of high-velocity molecular jets that divide into knots using Position-Velocity diagrams. I have shown that the complex velocity structures of these knots hide a strong variability, and evaluated the associated timescale between two ejections to be about 500 yr. This is reminiscent of the values obtained between accretion burst in FU Orionis stars
Bottinelli, Sandrine. "Hot corinos : molécules pré-biotiques autour des protoétoiles de type solaire". Grenoble 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006GRE10127.
Texto completoOne of the major goals of modern astrophysics is to understand the formation of our Solar System. Since low-mass protostars are suns in the making, the study of these objects and their environment provides one of the best ways to investigate the Sun's formation process and to peek in the past history of our Solar System. In my thesis, I focused on the chemistry occuring in Class 0 sources (the earliest known phases in the evolutionary scenario of low-mass protostars) by studying complex organic molecules in their envelopes. Such molecules have been discovered in IRAS16293--2422, the prototype of Class 0 sources, proving the existence of hot corinos, the inner regions of the protostellar envelope where the icy grain mantles sublimate. Some of these molecules have also been observed in comets in our Solar System, raising the question of whether (and if so, how) the chemistry of Class 0 objects affects the chemical composition of the protoplanetary disk material from which comets and other planetary bodies form. However, it is first necessary to determine whether hot corinos are ubiquitous in low-mass protostars or if IRAS16293-2422 is an exception. This was the first goal of my thesis. The approach consisted mainly in observing three Class 0 sources to search for complex organic molecules. I thereby discovered and/or confirmed three more hot corinos. The second goal was then to constrain the size of emission of complex molecules. For this, I carried out interferometric observations of the two brightest hot corinos: this emission is compact (<150 AU) with, in one of the sources, an extended component originating from the cooler, less dense outer envelope. The third goal consisted in confronting the possible formation pathways with the results of my observations to try and discriminate whether complex organic molecules form via gas-phase or grain-surface reactions. Although it was not possible to arrive at a definite answer, my data seem to favor the later formation route. Moreover, the comparison of hot corinos and their high-mass analogs, the hot cores (showing that complex molecules are relatively more abundant in hot corinos), also support grain-surface synthesis of these molecules
Guglielmo, Valentina. "Groups and clusters of galaxies in the XXL survey". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3421945.
Texto completoQuesta tesi presenta uno dei primi censimenti delle proprietà delle galassie in gruppi ed ammassi selezionati nei raggi X a redshift intermedio, con lo scopo di valutare il ruolo dell'ambiente sull'assemblamento della massa stellare delle galassie, l'attività di formazione stellare e le proprietà delle popolazioni stellari osservate. Il mio progetto è inquadrato nella Survey XXL (Pierre et al., 2016), il più grande programma XMM-Newton approvato fino ad oggi, che copre due regioni extra-galattiche di 25 gradi quadrati ciascuna. Le sorgenti di raggi X estese ed identificate come gruppi ed ammassi sono state confermate spettroscopicamente e le loro proprietà principali sono caratterizzate o tramite misurazioni dirette o mediante relazioni di scala. Tra queste, le luminosità e le temperature X, le masse virali ed i raggi viriali sono di fondamentale importanza per lo sviluppo di questa tesi. Il grande vantaggio di XXL è che il campo XXL-Nord (XXL-N) è completamente coperto da osservazioni fotometriche e spettroscopiche provenienti dalle più recenti survey extra-galattiche di galassie. La disponibilità di una tale miniera di informazioni motiva lo sviluppo della mia ricerca sulle popolazioni di galassie nell'intervallo di redshift 0.1≤z≤0.6 nel campo XXL-N, esplorando gli ambienti più diversi dalle regioni di campo, ai gruppi, agli ammassi e ai superammassi. Il primo compito del mio lavoro consiste nella creazione di un campione spettrofotometrico omogeneo di galassie, pubblicato in Guglielmo et al. (2017), e adatto ad essere utilizzato in un'analisi scientifica. Il catalogo contiene redshift spettroscopici, informazioni sull'appartenenza a gruppi e ammassi, pesi di completezza spettroscopica in funzione della posizione nel cielo e magnitudine osservata, le masse stellari e le magnitudini assolute calcolate mediante una tecnica di spectral energy distribution (SED). Il catalogo è fondamentale per tutti gli studi all'interno della collaborazione XXL che mirano a correlare le proprietà ottiche derivate dalle galassie con informazioni sulle strutture X ed è ampiamente utilizzato nell'intera collaborazione XXL. Il catalogo spettrofotometrico pubblicato consente il primo risultato scientifico di questa tesi riguardante lo studio della funzione di massa stellare delle galassie (GSMF). L'obiettivo di questa analisi è di svelare se il processo di assemblamento della massa delle galassie dipende dall'ambiente cosiddetto globale, cioè dall'appartenenza al campo o a gruppi ed ammassi e, tra quest'ultimi, dalla luminosità X, utilizzata come proxy per la massa di alone. Ho eseguito l'analisi in quattro intervalli di redshift nel range 0.1≤z≤0.6, trovando nel complesso che l'ambiente non influenza la GSMF, almeno nell'intervallo di massa campionato. Il risultato è ulteriormente confermato dall'invarianza della massa media delle galassie membre rispetto alla luminosità X. Ho anche esaminato l'evoluzione della GSMF da z = 0.6 fino a z = 0.1, trovando che l'estremità della funzione a masse elevate è già formata nell'epoca più antica e non evolve, e rilevando invece un aumento del numero di galassie a bassa massa nello stesso intervallo di redshift. Questo studio è uno dei primi studi sistematici della GSMF condotto per sorgenti estese a raggi X che vanno da masse di alone tipiche di gruppi fino agli ammassi, ed è pubblicato nella seconda parte di Guglielmo et al. (2017). Avendo valutato l'indipendenza delle distribuzioni di massa rispetto all'ambiente globale, procedo a indagare se e in che misura l'ambiente influisce sull'attività di formazione stellare e sulle proprietà osservate delle popolazioni stellari delle galassie. Ho iniziato questa analisi dal superammasso più ricco identificato in XXL-N, XLSSsC N01, situato a redshift z~0.3 e composto da 14 gruppi ed ammassi. Questo lavoro è stato sottomesso in Guglielmo et al. (2018a). Concentrandosi sulla regione che circonda XLSSsC N01, ho diviso le galassie in diversi ambienti, che vanno dalle regioni virali di gruppi ed ammassi fino al campo, utilizzando una combinazione di parametrizzazioni ambientali globali e locali. I risultati principali di questo studio sono che, nell'ambiente del superammasso, mentre la frazione di galassie che formano stelle e l'efficienza di arresto dell'attività di formazione stellare dipendono fortemente dall'ambiente, lo stesso non vale per la relazione fra massa e tasso di formazione stellare (SFR). La frazione di galassie che formano stelle declina progressivamente dal campo ai filamenti fino alle regioni virializzate di gruppi ed ammassi, con un interessante aumento della stessa nelle regioni esterne delle strutture X. Inoltre, mentre la relazione media fra l'età delle galassie pesata per la luminosità (LW-age) e la massa stellare delle stesse è indipendente dall'ambiente, una chiara evidenza di una recente estinzione della formazione stellare si rileva nelle galassie passive situate nelle regioni virializzate delle strutture X. Infine, si estende l'analisi di questo particolare superammasso all'intero campo XXL-N. Questo lavoro sarà racchiuso in due articoli in preparazione (Guglielmo et al., 2018 b, c in preparazione). Grazie alla statistica più elevata dell'intero campione, ho studiato le proprietà delle galassie e la loro evoluzione nell'intervallo 0.1≤z≤0.5 in diversi ambienti, con l'obiettivo di caratterizzare il cambiamento nelle proprietà delle popolazioni stellari e la formazione della popolazione passiva al variare dell'ambiente. Oltre a distinguere tra le galassie di campo, e in gruppi ed ammassi (regioni virali e periferiche), mi sono concentrata anche su galassie situate in strutture di diversa luminosità X e sulle galassie situate all'interno di superammassi. Contemporaneamente, ho anche studiato le proprietà delle galassie situate a diverse densità locali proiettate (LD). In particolare, ho caratterizzato la frazione galassie con formazione stellare attiva / galassie blu e ho studiato la relazione fra massa e SFR, in funzione sia dell'ambiente globale che di quello locale. La frazione di galassie con formazione stellare attiva e di galassie blu è strettamente correlata all'ambiente, con il valore più basso nelle regioni virali di gruppi ed ammassi e il più alto nel campo. Nei membri esterni, la stessa frazione è simile a quella nel campo a z≥0.2 e assume valori intermedi rispetto ai membri virali e il campo a 0.1≤z<0.2. La relazione fra SFR e massa è anch'essa dipendente dall'ambiente, e in particolare il numero di galassie dei membri virali che hanno una ridotta SFR (galassie in transizione) risulta essere quasi il doppio di quella di galassie di campo. Ancora una volta, i membri esterni mostrano proprietà intermedie: la frazione di galassie in transizione è simile alla popolazione virale a z>0,3, ed in particolare risulta associata all'ambiente dei superammassi, e si riduce successivamente a valori tipici delle galassie di campo a 0.1≤z<0.3. Inoltre, la frazione di galassie attive nella formazione stellare e quella di galassie blu diminuiscono con l'aumentare della LD a tutti i redshift. Al contrario, la frazione di galassie in transizione non varia nello stesso intervallo LD. Queste differenze significative emergenti tra gli ambienti globali e locali sono intrinsecamente correlate al diverso significato fisico delle due parametrizzazioni, quindi ai diversi meccanismi fisici che agiscono sulle galassie quando sono legate al potenziale gravitazionale di un alone di materia oscura (secondo la definizione globale) o quando esposto ad interazioni con altre galassie in regioni densamente popolate (secondo la definizione locale). Durante le prime fasi del mio dottorato di ricerca, ho anche completato l'analisi della mia tesi magistrale, e riporto il testo completo del documento pubblicato in Appendice alla tesi (Guglielmo et al., 2015). I risultati sono strettamente correlati alle domande scientifiche trattate nel mio progetto di dottorato, ma vengono affrontate attraverso un approccio complementare, che mira alla ricostruzione della storia della formazione stellare delle galassie a basso redshift in ammassi e nel campo per studiare la dipendenza dall'ambiente globale, dalla massa stellare e dalla morfologia osservata.
Ulses, Caroline. "Dynamique océanique et transport de la matière particulaire dans le Golfe du Lion : Crue, tempête et période hivernale". Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00102656.
Texto completoMorey, Etienne. "Purge, excitation dynamique et structuration des disques de débris soumis à l'interaction gravitationnelle de planètes et d'étoiles voisines". Phd thesis, Observatoire de Paris, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00917968.
Texto completoCamprubí, Subirana Raquel. "La formació de la imatge turística induïda: el paper de les xarxes relacionals". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7959.
Texto completoThe main aim of this thesis is to determine the effect of the internal relational network of a tourism destination on the induced tourism image formation process. In order to attain this aim, a conceptual model is developed in which three possible gaps are detected in the induced image formation process. The reasons that explain why these dysfunctions show up are explained by mean seven propositions. The conceptual model is analysed with a comparative study of two cases: Girona and Perpignan. The methodology combines qualitative and quantitative techniques, and allows the analysis of the induced imatge of both destinations, as well as the determination of the relational network of each case. The results show that in both cases the three proposed gaps are matarialized, although with substantial differences.
Young, Kaisa Elizabeth. "Probing the physical conditions of star formation". Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/2203.
Texto completoLee, Jeong-eun. "Chemical and dynamical conditions in low-mass star forming cores". Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/3986.
Texto completoShirley, Yancy Leonard. "Tracing the mass during star formation : studies of dust continuum and dense gas /". Thesis, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3108509.
Texto completoBauer, Amanda Elaine 1979. "Star-forming galaxies growing up over the last ten billion years". 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/17744.
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Samuel, Angela E. "The nature of star formation in the Trapezium Cluster". Phd thesis, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/12624.
Texto completoBoucher, Anne. "Détection et caractérisation de nouveaux disques circumstellaires autour d’étoiles de faibles masses et naines brunes jeunes". Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/16200.
Texto completoCusson, Edith. "Patrons de distribution des crustacés planctoniques dans le fleuve Saint-Laurent". Thèse, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/6173.
Texto completoThe research aims to determine the distribution patterns of crustacean plankton along the longitudinal (west-east) and transversal (north shore - south shore) axes of the St. Lawrence River between Lake Saint-François and the estuarine transition zone, during two hydroperiods in May (high discharge) and August (low discharge). The zooplankton samples and the environmental data were collected at 52 stations distributed along 16 transversal transects in 2006. In chapter 1, we present the theoretical concepts of river ecosystem models, and a synthesis on the generative processes driving zooplankton spatial patterns in rivers. We also present our research objectives and hypotheses. In chapter 2, we describe spatial patterns of the zooplankton community structure in three biogeographic zones of the St. Lawrence and 6 longitudinal habitats, together with the relationships between zooplankton spatial structure and water masses spatial distribution and environmental characteristics. In chapter 3, we perform a variation partitioning procedure on spatial variables AEM (based on water masses spatial distribution) and environmental variables in order to assess how much of the zooplankton variation is explained by hydrological processes (AEM variables) and local conditions (environmental factors). The salinity-conductivity gradient related to the fluvial-estuary discontinuity determines the large-scale spatial patterns of the crustacean zooplankton. In the fluvial zones, the zooplankton distribution patterns are more influenced by the water masses spatial structure than by local environmental factors. The spatial distribution of the water masses explained more of the spatial structure of zooplankton communities in August than in May.