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Tesis sobre el tema "Forced Participation"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 11 de marzo de 2023

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1

Bustamante, Duarte Ana María. "Participation & (Re)settlement : envisioning mobile services with young forced migrants". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Jaume I, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/666742.

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This thesis focuses on the role and adaptation of participatory design (PD) approaches to create “safe spaces” where young forced migrants can be co-researchers on and co-designers of mobile (geospatial) services to support them upon arrival and during the first stages of their (re)settlement in the host cities. In such particular context, the current research has three main contributions. First, it identified a set of initial challenges and needs of forced migrants upon arrival and in the first stages of their (re)settlement in Münster, North-Rhine Westphalia, Germany. Second, it proposed adaptations on PD's practices to effectively encourage young forced migrants' participation codesigning their digital services. Lastly, it developed two augmented geovisualizations prototypes to assist with their navigation of host cities in such situation.
Esta tesis se centra en el papel y la adaptación de los enfoques de diseño participativo (PD) para crear “espacios seguros” donde los jóvenes migrantes forzosos pueden ser co-investigadores y co-diseñadores de servicios móviles (geoespaciales) para apoyarlos al momento de su llegada y durante la primera Etapas de su (re) asentamiento en las ciudades anfitrionas. En tal contexto particular, la investigación actual tiene tres contribuciones principales. Primero, identificó un conjunto de desafíos y necesidades iniciales de los migrantes forzosos al momento de su llegada y en las primeras etapas de su (re) asentamiento en Münster, Renania del Norte-Westfalia, Alemania. En segundo lugar, propuso adaptaciones a las prácticas de la DP para alentar eficazmente la participación de los migrantes forzosos en el diseño de sus servicios digitales. Por último, desarrolló dos prototipos de geovisualizaciones aumentadas para ayudar en su navegación de las ciudades anfitrionas en tal situación.

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2

Mettle, Matilda. "Forced Resettlement in Ghana: The Dam and the Affected People : The Bui Hydroelectric Power Project in Ghana". Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Geografisk institutt, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-17028.

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Forced resettlement is an issue of great humanitarian concern. The disruption it brings to the lives of the people it affects cannot be fully expressed. Many of such people lose the ability of restoring their lives, never to regain it till they die. What is more alarming is when forced resettlement is not caused by conflict or natural disaster but rather conscious development projects like dams, where it is expected that great energy will be channelled towards reducing and if possible avoid the adverse impacts of such forceful resettlement as a matter of human and citizenship right. Sadly, in many instances this never happen. The aim of this study is to find out how the lessons learnt from the Akosombo forced resettlement in Ghana has been used in planning and implementing the on-going Bui forced resettlement also in Ghana. This study also tries to investigate the impacts of the planning and implementation process of the resettlement on the affected communities and households. In order to achieve the above goals, qualitative research methods were employed. The study used in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, direct and participatory observation techniques in accessing the experiences and feelings of the people involved. The informants include the institutions and professionals which undertook the forced resettlement and the affected people. The modernisation and alternative development theories were reviewed to determine which of these approaches is in practice. However, since Ghana claims it is using the World Bank Operational Policy (4.12), which is following an alternative development approach, concepts such as participation and rights are used. Additionally, concepts such as compensation and forced resettlement are also reviewed. It is discovered that, although many lessons have been learnt from the Akosombo forced resettlement, these lessons have not been effectively translated into action plans in order to undertake successful forced resettlement in Ghana. The challenges and errors in planning the Bui resettlement have therefore marred its successful implementation. This has resulted in more adverse impacts on the affected people than good ones such as infertile lands, low farm yield, poor housing structures and total ban on fishing in the Black Volta without alternative fishing grounds.

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3

IMPROTA, ALAN GIOVANNI. "Tell me your portfolio and I will guess who you are: social incentives for more fitting pension funds". Doctoral thesis, Luiss Guido Carli, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11385/201043.

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Taking as sample, data obtained directly by the pension fund of an Italian multinational containing more than 35 thousand members, it is assessed, through logistic regression models, how demographic characteristics might affect individual risk aversion. The test is useful to identify groups of workers that by nature are more risk averse and could be disadvantaged by the 2006 TFR (severance indemnity) Italian pension reform. For example women controlling for age, income, region and financial literacy prefer lower risky portfolio and they are more likely to switch toward safer sub-funds. This analysis could support the policymaker to calibrate a suitable appendix to the last TFR reform in order to cover gaps in opportunities among different kind of risk takers mitigating the so called “social security risk”. In the meantime, it is taken the occasion of such a rich dataset to exploit this sizeable shock in order to test forced (or semi-forced) participation, confirming higher risk aversion for forced participants.

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4

Watana, Paranee. "Female labour force participation in Thailand". Thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/130346.

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In Thailand, female labour force participation rates are quite high by international standards. Women work for various purposes without any constraints. In this study, many socio-economic factors are investigated in order to find their relationship with female labour force participation. Data from the 1980 Population Census are used. The relationship between female labour force participation and socio-economic factors is positive. Many factors show a close association such as education and number of children living in the household. As education increases , so does the proportion of women in the labour force. The existence of children in the household has a different effect on ever married women. A higher percentage of Widows and divorcees with children work than currently married women with children. As anticipated, ever married women with no children have the highest participation rates. The investigation of marital status, age at marriage and religion shows little effect on female labour force participation, Whatever their marital status, age at marriage or religion, a large proportion of Thai women participate in the labour force. When the fertility levels of working women and housewives are examined, many variables including age, education age at marriage and the practice of contraception are considered. Working women have a lower fertility level than housewives. However, those working women who practice contraception have a larger number of children ever born than do housewives. This is because birth control has only recently become widespread in Thailand. Among working women, agricultural workers have the highest fertility level.

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5

Lee, Chi-yung y 李志勇. "Female labour force participation in Hong Kong". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1991. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31976578.

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6

Hotton, Tina Lynn. "Labour force participation and women's criminal victimization risk". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ36038.pdf.

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7

Salimov, Rustam. "Female Labor Force Participation Rate and Economic Growth". Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för ekonomi, samhälle och teknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-45084.

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This thesis analysed the effect of female labor force participation rate (FLFPR) on economicgrowth and included changes in male labor force participation rate (MLFPR) to help improve thepower of the model. Here, three robust regressions were used on the sample of 16 Latin Countries(Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Guatemala,Honduras, Venezuela, RB, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, El Salvador) for theperiod of 1995-2015 in order to identify the effect of each key variable when tested separately andwhen tested together. According to the results, the coefficients of FLFPR and MLFPR are differentand also the addition of MLFPR to the model that has an explanatory variable FLFPR anddependent variable economic growth clearly improves the predicting power of the model and helpsobtain better coefficients. It was also identified that FLFPR has a strong positive relationship witheconomic growth, while MLFPR has a negative effect on the latter. Finally, the existence of u-shape relationship between FLFPR and economic growth was reaffirmed in this thesis, while itwas also shown that MLFPR does not have a u-shape relationship with the economic growth.

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8

Celik, Ezgi. "Cross-country Analysis Of Female Labor Force Participation Rate". Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615037/index.pdf.

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This study focuses on the female labor force participation rate (LFPR). Cross-country fixed effect analysis of fifty-six countries shows that female LFPR increases with income and education level. Moreover, average schooling years for males is a good fit for female LFPR especially in the low income countries with low education level. Average schooling years for females is a good fit for female LFPR especially in the high income countries with high education level. Higher female tertiary enrollment ratio is significant for higher female LFPR. On the other hand, Turkey has a lower level of female LFPR than the predicted level. Low female education explains the lower female LFPR of Turkey than the countries with similar income level. However, female LFPR has a declining trend in time even if income and education level improves. Institutional background of Turkey indicates the negative impact of urbanization on participation rates. However, under different growth and education scenarios, Turkey can reach higher levels until 2030. Employment policies especially focused on higher education is essential to reach the targets.

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9

Goodstein, Ryan Michael Blau David. "Essays on the labor force participation of older men". Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,1512.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008.
Title from electronic title page (viewed Sep. 16, 2008). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Economics." Discipline: Economics; Department/School: Economics.

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10

Sasso, Alessandro. "Labour force participation and occupational outcomes among Italian women". Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2018. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/22882/.

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This thesis is made of three related yet independent empirical studies, exploring the determinants of different labour market outcomes among women, using Italian data. The first study investigates the determinants of the reservation wage gap between unemployed women and men, using data drawn from the Italian Labour Force Survey (LFS). The results indicate that a large part of the gender reservation wage gap is explained by different job preferences between males and females, and by unobserved factors which may be associated with occupational discrimination. These factors shed light on the different employment rates between males and females. The second study uses the Italian Sample Survey on Births to investigate the effect of housework and childcare on female labour force participation, and the relationship between child care and occupational attainment. The findings show that those mothers who receive help with housework and childcare are more likely to be employed three years after the birth of the child. In addition, the use of paid childcare options (nursery or baby-sitters) is positively associated with being employed in managerial positions, but negatively related to non-standard forms of employment such as temporary and part-time employment. In a country characterized by a lack of family-friendly policies, motherhood appears still to be a limiting factor for the career of women. The third study uses the Italian LFS to investigate the determinants of self-employment and different types of self-employment among women. It also examines the determinants of hours worked and satisfaction with respect to hours worked of self-employed females. Our findings show little evidence of gender differences in the determinants of self-employment. However, women are less likely to work in self-employment categories that involve management of other employees. The determinants of hours worked differ between self-employed men and self-employed women. For example, the number of children is inversely associated with the hours worked by self-employed women but positively related to the hours supplied by self-employed men. This is consistent with the traditional division of household work in Italian families. Finally, mothers working as employees are less satisfied with hours when they work long hours compared to those without children, whereas the opposite is found among self-employed women. Self-employment may offer the flexibility that helps Italian women to reconcile career with childcare responsibilities.

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11

Kim, Bonnie (Bonnie Won Hee) Carleton University Dissertation International Affairs. "Factors affecting the labour force participation of Korean women". Ottawa, 1991.

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12

Davis, Case D’Arcy. "Worker participation in the reforestation labour force in British Columbia". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/24626.

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One response to problems of low productivity and decreased job satisfaction in the workplace has been the institution of worker participation in decision-making. Evaluations of worker participation programs generally have shown them to be beneficial in terms of both job satisfaction and increased productivity. In British Columbia, we have a unique example of worker participation in the contract reforestation labour force which can be seen as an informally structured, semi-participative worker participation group. In light of theory on worker participation, this study examines two reforestation crews, one a contract crew and one a non-contract crew, to compare worker participation in the areas of technology, division of labour and organizational structure. Worker participation has been found by most researchers to be cost effective. This study compared cost differences between the two labour groups, and although it did not generate conclusive evidence of the relative cost efficiency of the contract group, it is suggested that the British Columbia Ministry of Forests Section 88 final planting cost data is not a reliable basis for determination of relative cost efficiencies. However, the perspectives of those working in reforestation, and an economic analysis of one case study suggest that the contract group is more cost effective. But changes in the contract work force are occurring. These changes can influence the worker participation evident in contract planting, and hence the cost effectiveness of contract planting. In order to capitalize on those attributes in the worker participation model which have value to the forest manager in the goal of forest renewal, the concept of stewardship, a long term contract which begins with planting and carries through to the "free to grow" stage, is one of the alternatives proposed for future reforestation contracts.
Forestry, Faculty of
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13

Giles, Fiona. "Barriers to labour force participation of single parents in Adelaide /". Title page, abstract and contents only, 1993. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09arg4723.pdf.

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14

Thompson, Adrian. "Labour-force participation and disability in the UK labour-market". Thesis, Keele University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.339778.

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15

Cubas, Norando German. "Essays on infrastructure, female labor force participation and economic development". Diss., University of Iowa, 2010. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/658.

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A central question in economics is why some countries are substantially richer than others. The income per capita of the five richest countries in the world is 30 times the income of the five poorest. It is a fundamental quantitative question for which growth and development economists still have no definite answer. The first chapter of this dissertation contributes to this literature. The chapter offers new evidence on the sources of cross-country income differences by investigating the role public capital in development accounting. I explicitly measure private and public capital stocks, and I find large differences in both types of capital across countries. Moreover, differences in private capital are larger than the ones I find for total capital for the richest and poorest countries. The methodology I use implies a share of public capital in output of at most 10%. My findings indicate that differences in capital stocks can not account for a substantial part of the observed dispersion in income across countries . Other macroeconomic facts of underdeveloped and developing economies may also explain their low income per capita. These facts may be related to economic policies that could distort the allocation of resources in these economies. In the second chapter of this dissertation I document differences in labor supply between a set of Latin American countries and the U.S. in the period 1990-2005. In the U.S. the female labor force participation was 69% by 1990, while in Brazil and Mexico was 39% and 37%, respectively. Females began to participate more in the labor market of these countries after more households acquired access to basic infrastructure and when distortive policies affecting the price of household appliances were partially removed. I use a model of home production with endogenous labor force participation to account for these facts. I conclude that the price of household appliances and access to infrastructure are quantitatively important in explaining cross-country labor supply differences.

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16

Aytac, Isik Akin. "The effect of women's labor force participation on marital instability". PDXScholar, 1985. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3428.

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This thesis examines the effect of women's labor force participation on marital instability. It is hypothesized that women's income-earning affects marriage in two ways: 1) the "independence effect" facilitates divorce by enabling women to be self-supporting; 2) the "parallel marriage effect" improves marital satisfaction and the quality of the marital relationship because women with higher incomes generally have more power in marriage. The "independence effect" is measured by whether or not women's income is sufficient, defined as income above the poverty line for the appropriate family size as established by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. "Parallel marriage" is measured by the wife-husband income ratio. Both women's own income level and wife-husband income ratio are taken two years prior to her divorce.

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17

Lin, Peng. "Health status and the labor force participation decisions of married couples". Thesis, [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2336.

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18

Strayhorn, Kali-Ahset Amen. "Women's paid labor force participation and child immunization a multilevel model /". College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/3583.

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Thesis (M.A.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2006.
Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Sociology. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.

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19

Chutubtim, Piyaluk. "Home-based work, human capital accumulation and women's labor force participation". Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4348.

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This dissertation examines the effect of changes in the stock of human capital on the labor force participation decision of women aged 25-54. Without the option of homebased work, some women choose to leave the labor market and stay at home temporarily for family reasons. Working women realize that time out of the labor force could impose penalties on their work careers. This is because during the break, they do not accumulate any new human capital while the existing job skills continuously depreciate. Nowadays, home-based work becomes possible for many jobs because rapid development in personal computers and advances in information and communications technology have reduced employersÃ¢ÂÂ cost of offering home-based work arrangements. Working women can resolve the time conflict between demand for paid work and family responsibility by working from home. In a previous study, the home-based work decision depends on the fixed cost of working and potential home production. Women who are disabled, have small children, or live in rural areas are likely to work from home because they have high fixed costs of working and high potential home production. However, none of the existing studies applies the human capital theory of labor supply to the home-based work decision. Using data on the female labor force from the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series (IPUMS) of housing units from the 2000 U.S. Census, I estimate a nested logit model to examine the effects of expected costs of non-participation, in terms of forgone earnings, forgone human capital accumulation and human capital depreciation, on womenÃ¢ÂÂs labor force participation decision. I find that, other things being equal, women aged 25 to 44 who have potentially high human capital accumulation and high human capital depreciation are likely to stay in the labor force. In the case that the value of their home time is so high that they choose to stay at home, they prefer to work for pay at home than to be out of the labor force.

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20

Kus, Maciej. "The Role of Religion in Determining Female Labor Force Participation Rates". Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-9306.

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This paper looks at macro level data to measure the influence religion has played on female labor force participation (FLFP) rates between 1980 and 2005. It also attempts to find if this influence has changed over time. It then focuses specifically on African and post-communist nations as that is where some of the major religious changes have taken place in the last few decades. There is no clear pattern of an increasing or decreasing influence of religion on FLFP rates. Rather, different religions in different parts of the world affect FLFP in different ways. Finally, this paper looks specifically at Islamic and Catholic nations to see what variables have an effect on rising FLFP rates in those countries.

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21

Yamanaka, Jackie E. "The Effect of Oral Contraceptives on Women's Labor Force Participation Rates". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/270.

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The first oral contraceptive was introduced in the United States during the 1960s, and, subsequently, there was an increase in women’s labor force participation rates. Although the economic role of oral contraceptives is still highly debated by scholars, previous studies have found that the pill had a statistically significant impact on women’s labor force participation rates. Using the National Longitudinal Survey of Young Women, I will analyze how hours worked, hourly wages, weekly earnings and occupations for women were affected by oral contraceptives. By controlling for various governing statutes that affected the availability of the use and distribution of oral contraceptives in different states, I am able to provide evidence highlighting the extent of the pill’s significance. I find that early legal access (ELA) to oral contraceptives that resulted from residential states legalizing abortion before others positively and significantly affects women’s hours worked, hourly wages, weekly earnings and whether or not women entered into professional occupations.

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22

Yakubu, Yakubu A. "Determinants of female labour force participation in South Africa in 2008". Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2009. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_6919_1298358241.

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This study employs the Human Capital Theory (HCT), which postulates that the education of women is positively related to the likelihood of their labour force participation, in order to investigate quarterly dynamics in the labour force. This approach is an advancement of knowledge gained from previous studies such as Serumanga-Zake and Kotze (2004) and Ntuli (2004) who investigated the annual dynamics in FLFP. Investigating quarterly dynamics in FLFP is prudent as the market economy is very dynamic particularly at a point when the world economy is experiencing recession. Data for the study are extracted from the 2008 Quarterly Labour Force Survey conducted by Statistics South Africa. Logistic regression analysis modeling was employed with the dependent variable, FLFP, as a binary outcome. Other variables controlled in the analysis are gender, population group, age, marital status, education status, sector, main industry, main occupation and province. The results show that there is association between education status and FLFP status. Findings from this research are expected to contribute to the knowledge about trends in FLFP in South Africa and aid in planning of interventions aimed at improving the status of women as one of the critical steps in achieving the Millennium Development Goals.

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23

Wincott, Daniel Edward. "The policy configurations of 'welfare states' and women's role in the workforce in advanced industrial societies". Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1999. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1533/.

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Comparative political economy studies of welfare states have focused on either general processes of modernization or the evolution of different welfare state 'regimes' - such as the social democratic, liberal and conservative types identified by Esping-Andersen. Variations in women's role in the workforce tend to be seen as closely allied with 'welfare regime' types or associated with welfare state modernization. But there are relatively few empirical studies in the political economy field of how, within the overall policy configuration of the state, welfare policies influence women's labour force participation. First, using a quantitative analysis of country-level data for 17 OECD countries from 1960 to 1987, this study identifies clusters of countries consistent with the Esping-Andersen classification, which share distinct patterns of women's role in the workforce and have different paths of development over time. However, the analysis shows that important anomalies exist and key questions remain unresolved. Second, case studies are used to analyse policy configurations and developments in women's employment over time. 'Core' examples are drawn from each main welfare regime - the USA (liberal), Sweden (social democratic) and Germany (conservative). The Netherlands is examined as a key anomalous case. Third, the lessons from the empirical analyses are used to reconsider aspects of the 'social democratic' and 'modernization' models of welfare state development. Across the period as a whole female labour force participation has grown in most countries. The most rapid growth of women's involvement has taken place in core countries with either liberal or social democratic welfare configurations (the USA and Sweden). There has been less change in 'conservative' countries (such as Germany) and in the Netherlands despite its 'social democratic' classification. Yet apparent linkages between labour market trends and welfare policies do not necessarily stand up to close over-time or comparative analysis. In the USA there are only weak connections between welfare policies and women's changing role in the labour market, whereas the two factors are closely and directly linked in Sweden. Particular policies contributed to expanding women's employment in Germany, but the overall policy configuration has bolstered broader patterns of social stratification inimical to women playing a larger role. In the Netherlands, welfare policies have clearly restrictive effects on women's participation in job markets, although some growth has occurred since the 'welfare explosion' of the 1960s. These findings show that welfare states' impacts on women's employment do not fit neatly into the 'modernization' or 'social democratic' models. 'One path fits all' models perform particularly poorly, but even differentiated analyses of 'welfare state regimes' pay insufficient attention to the location of social welfare within the state's overall policy configuration. A clearer distinction between the 'welfare state' construed as form of state and as a particular sector of state activity can help comparative analysis eliminate the residual influence of 'one-path' models, and provide more compelling analyses of variations in women's employment trajectories.

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24

Antozzi, Robert K. "An examination of the enabling and restraining forces in community recreation needs assessment". Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/49976.

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The primary purpose of this study was to identify and validate the components of a community recreation needs assessment framework that will accurately facilitate the leisure need data of community recreation clientele. The content of such a framework was generated by an investigation of those variables which: (1) restrain or prevent the use, or accurate use, of community recreation needs assessment, defined as restraining forces, and (2) enable or facilitate the use, or accurate use, of community recreation needs assessment, defined as enabling forces. Data collection consisted of a review of literature, in depth interviews, a postcard questionnaire, and a mailed survey. Following the analysis of respondent demographics and agency attitudes on community recreation needs assessment (CRNA), two analyses were performed to investigate the components of CRNA. The first analysis investigated the significance level of the enabling and restraining forces of the CRNA process. A t-test was run on all items for the total population, comparing the mean of each item to 2.5 which is a response of neutral. Following the t-test, a one-way analysis of variance was used to determine if any differences existed among the means of the three levels of community size for each of the variables. In the second analysis, a conceptual framework was developed to support further investigation into the mechanisms which result in meeting community needs. Based on an overall review of the literature, the enabling and restraining variables were organized into concepts, constructs, and items. Each concept and construct set was analyzed for internal consistency using Cronback's Alpha, item deleted, to produce a measure of reliability that denoted the strength of the relationships among the items of each set and allowed an assessment of the homogeneity of each set of items and constructs. An item to total score correlation of the Pearson Product Moment correlation, item deleted, was used to examine the relationship of each item to its own construct, each construct to its own concept, and each concept to the whole, and was also used to examine the relationship of each item to other constructs within its own concept, and the relationships of each construct to other concepts. Twenty-eight of 30 individuals responded to the survey questionnaire. Of the 92 restraining and enabling variables, 59 were found to be significantly greater than neutral, while none of the items were found to be significantly less than neutral. Significant differences were found to exist for seven variables at the .05 level for the three levels of community size. The analyses of the conceptual framework provided information detailing the strengths and weaknesses of the items, constructs, and concepts in relation to the reliability, validity, and relative appropriateness that each has to the CRNA process.
Ed. D.
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25

Berloffa, Gabriella. "Intertemporal allocation of consumption and labour force participation in life-cycle models". Thesis, University of York, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.387576.

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26

Rincon, de Munoz Betilde. "Determinants of female labor force participation in Venezuela : a cross-sectional analysis". [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2007. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0001985.

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27

Wan, Kam-ming Galaxy. "Application of logistic regression to female labor force participation in Hong Kong". [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1993. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13781467.

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28

Tamefuji, Rieko. "The impact of child care proximity on labor force participation of parents". CONNECT TO ELECTRONIC THESIS, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1961/6990.

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Brown, Orrego Camila Muriel 1993 y Rivera Luis Eduardo 1993 Schmidt. "Homosexuality and participation in the labour force : evidence from Chile and Uruguay". Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2016. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/137582.

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Seminario para optar al título de Ingeniero Comercial, Mención Economía
In this paper we examine the e ect of sexual orientation on labour supply in two countries in Latin America. Using census data, a sample of partnered individuals and a logit model we found that this e ect is signi cant and depends on the individual's gender. While gay men are up to 8.1% less likely to participate in the workforce compared to married straight men, lesbians have a higher probability to participate in the labour force compared to their unmarried and married straight counterparts, varying from 17.3% up to 29.9% respectively. Trends between Chile and Uruguay are similar but the magnitude of the e ect on participation di ers signi cantly between countries.

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30

Hodge, Edward. "Perceptions of Air Force Civilians Regarding Participation in Nonresident Professional Military Education". ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2407.

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In spite of a 2009 memorandum from senior Air Force leaders calling for civilian employees to participate in nonresident Professional Military Education (PME) courses, employees' PME completion rates have remained low. This qualitative study investigated the perceptions of nonresident PME held by 12 employees at an installation with a nonresident PME completion rate of less than 3% in 2013. The theories of reasoned action and planned behavior guided the 5 main questions that asked participants to describe their familiarity with nonresident PME course content, availability, and structure; as well as their perceptions of organizational support for PME course participation, their capacity to complete PME courses, the role of nonresident PME in their leadership development, and the importance of PME completion for attaining their career goals. The data were manually coded and organized according to the emergent themes and subthemes. None of the participants identified any external barriers to nonresident PME completion, but factors such as supervisor support, prior participation in enlisted PME, personal interest in PME course content, and inconsistent hiring practices influenced participants' perceptions of nonresident PME for their professional development and career progression. The findings and prior research suggest the Air Force should educate PME eligible civilians regarding the benefits of nonresident PME, conduct focus groups to discover employees' specific learning needs, and assist supervisors in establishing effective mentoring relationships. These actions have the potential to enhance employee motivation, to align employee development with organizational goals and objectives, and to increase supervisor-subordinate collaboration.

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31

Ermerak, Goznur <1988&gt. "The Effects of Culture on Labor Force Participation of Women in Turkey". Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/3567.

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In order to measure the effects of culture on Labor Force Participation decisions of women, two proxy is created.One proxy is to measure the effect of conservatism and second one is to measure the effect of religion on labor force participation decisions of women.

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32

Harrison, Terry L. "An exploratory study of educational participation issues confronting active duty Air Force personnel assigned to McConnell Air Force Base". Diss., Kansas State University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/13674.

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Doctor of Education
Department of Educational Leadership
Jeff Zacharakis
Serving in the military today is a very specialized and intense experience, with the use of technology requiring dedicated training and education. The military provides much of this specialized training, but also recognizes the value of higher education for its personnel. Our military personnel are supporting our country daily and their increased time away from their home station diminishes time for their personal pursuits which, for many of them, is off-duty education. This exploratory study sought to understand the perceived barriers and goals influencing participation in postsecondary education by active duty Air Force personnel, in particular those that have served in austere, remote locations. This study used a modified version of Finks’ survey design to develop a questionnaire. The survey was administered to airmen, non-commissioned officers, and officers who were stationed at McConnell Air Force Base. Data examining motivational factors and barriers to participation in postsecondary education were analyzed using descriptive and nonparametric statistical tests. Comparative analyses were conducted based on data from the demographic portion of the survey. Goals for postsecondary participation included preparing for when they leave the military, securing professional advancement, giving them higher status in their jobs, and increasing competence in their jobs. Time was identified as a barrier, including not having time to study, taking time away from family or giving up leisure time. Some respondents indicated that the available courses did not seem interesting or that they did not enjoy studying. Other commonly reported barriers included not being able to attend class regularly or because the course was offered at an inconvenient time or location. A number of respondents also indicated that courses not being offered at remote locations was a barrier to their participation in postsecondary education. Although this was an exploratory study, the results can inform future empirical research as well as contribute to the literature focusing on personnel management. The findings from this study can be used as a first step that will allow the Air Force, postsecondary institutions and other stakeholders to enhance educational opportunities for this group and inform organizational effectiveness.

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33

Mahali, Lesala. "An exploratory study of female labour force participation in South Africa: 1995 - 2010". Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1007050.

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The role that women play in the economy of any society is a desirable goal for equity and efficiency considerations. Just as with the rest of the world, the South African women lagged behind their male counterparts within the economic empowerment space and in the formal labour force. However, the role of women has undergone some transformations with issues relating to employment opportunities, such that their labour force participation has risen considerably since 1994. The female labour force participation rate is still seen to be persistently lower compared to the male participation rate even in the second decade of democracy. The rate of women labour force participation is even lower than the average. On the other hand, the increases have also been coupled with the rising rate of unemployment among women. The objective of this study was to investigate the determinants of female labour force participation in the South African labour market. The study uses a regression analysis on a cross sectional panel data covering a period of 1995 to 2010. Unlike most popular beliefs, the findings of this study reveal that fertility though not statistically significant, positively influences labour force participation of women. Other variables that are statistically significant in explaining female labour force are HIV/AIDS, marital status, age, household income and education. Race was found to be insignificant in explaining female labour force participation in the South African labour force.

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34

Minh, Anita. "Young, alienated, and excluded : youth labour force participation and mental health in Canada". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/52270.

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This thesis explores the relationship between youth labour force participation and mental health. Unemployment is generally considered to have a negative association with youth mental health. However, few studies have examined youth mental health in association with being both out of the labour force and out of school (OLFS). I hypothesize that OLFS, a state in which youth are no longer job-searching and are not in school, has a negative association with mental health that is weaker in comparison to that of unemployment, which involves active job-searching. I further hypothesize that socioeconomic status (SES) and recession moderate the relationship between youth labour force participation and mental health, such that both unemployment and OLFS have a stronger negative association with mental health in youth of low SES, and during recession. Two empirical studies are presented to test these hypotheses. The first examines whether SES moderates the relationship between youth labour force participation and mental health, across three constructs of mental health : distress, depression, and life-satisfaction. The results indicate that unemployment is associated with poor mental health across all mental health constructs, and has a stronger association with distress among low-SES youth. OLFS is associated with depression only, with a stronger association among low-SES youth. Among high-SES youth, OLFS is also associated with better life-satisfaction. The second study looks at the relationship between youth labour force participation and mental health in the periods before (2003, 2005), during (2008-2009), and after the most recent global recession (2010-2012). The findings suggest that the recession was related to improvements in the mental health of unemployed youth but was not clearly related to the mental health of OLFS youth. The concluding chapter highlights the contributions of this thesis, addresses its limitations, and discusses implications for policy makers and for future analyses. Policy makers should consider the association between OLFS and mental health, and the effect modification by SES, when designing programs for unemployed youth. Future research can examine the mechanisms between OLFS and mental health across macrosocial contexts, and over the life course.
Medicine, Faculty of
Population and Public Health (SPPH), School of
Graduate

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35

Dhafiri, Abdul Wahab. "Women, labor force participation, and equality : a study of educated women in Kuwait". The Ohio State University, 1987. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1291116984.

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36

Dikhtyar, Oksana A. "Determinants of Russian Women's Labor Force Participation at or after State Pension Age". Miami University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1626456584700884.

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37

Liao, Pei-An. "Taiwan's National Health Insurance and the labor force participation decisions of married women". online access from Digital Dissertation Consortium, 2008. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?3329637.

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38

Masinghe, Egodage Kusumawathie. "Female labour force participation in Sri Lanka with special reference to graduate women". Master's thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/131159.

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This study is an analysis of the economic activity of women focussing on secondary and university educational development in Sri Lanka. In this study males are compared to females to ascertain levels of labour force participation of females; all women are compared to graduate women to show the effects of education on labour force participation of women. Educational policies prevalent in Sri Lanka have resulted in an expansion of secondary and university education for females. However, currently available sources of data are inadequate to study the quality of education or the effects of education on socio-demographic and sociocultural and economic factors that influence labour force participation of females. Differences in definitions used by different censuses and surveys to collect information on the economic activity of the population of Sri Lanka create serious problems of comparability of time series data. Even though the male labour force in Sri Lanka is larger than the female labour force, the female labour force has grown much faster with increasing numbers of educated females entering the labour force. Those with education up to university level have tended to have the highest levels of labour force participation, with more than 90 per cent of graduate women being employed. Most graduate women are employed in the government sector in professional, technical and related occupations, with a majority in the teaching profession. A considerable number of female graduates are in mismatched employment. Unemployment is acute among economically active females, particularly those who have junior and senior secondary educational qualifications.

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39

Keiran, Alan Nichols. "Reaching out a strategy for increasing command religious program participation within Marine Forces Pacific /". Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN) Access this title online, 1997. http://www.tren.com/search.cfm?p068-0104.

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40

Steinkirchner, Maria Y. "Lack of participation by reserve enlisted personnel in the Community College of the Air Force at Norton Air Force Base, San Bernardino, California". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1987. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/382.

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41

Wan, Kam-ming Galaxy y 尹錦銘. "Application of logistic regression to female labor force participationin Hong Kong". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1993. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31977522.

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42

Ho, Joycelyn J. "The Effect of Culture on Female Labor Force Partcipation". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2011. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/101.

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This article looks at the effect of culture on female labor force participation. Proxies of culture used are Globe cultural social practice dimensions, and Hofstede cultural dimensions. This article finds that globe cultural dimensions have a stronger explantory value that Hofstede cultural dimensions. It confirms that gender eglaitarianism is a predictor of female labor force participation. It also suggests that assertiveness and uncertainty avoidance are also predictors of female labor force participation.

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43

Zhuang, Zhong. "Factors influencing the labor force participation of low-income adults on public housing assistance". Thesis, Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007, 2007. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-07092007-001141/.

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44

Patet, Nisha. "Women in the construction labor force : women's participation in the construction sector in India /". This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-02162010-020112/.

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45

Butterfield, Natalie. "Female Labor Force Participation in Argentina, 1980-2003: Gendered Trends and Responses to Crisis". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/63.

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How do the experiences of women in the labor market differ from the experiences of men? Do economic crises affect their labor market decisions differently? Economists have investigated the responses of women to specific moments of crisis in Argentina – the country lends itself well to this analysis, as the last three decades of its history have seen both economic growth and financial collapse. With the crisis literature in mind, I investigate trends in female labor force participation rates in Argentina between 1980-2003, finding that while some evidence supports the “added worker effect” hypothesis, more research must be done to understand the relationships between female labor force participation and male and female unemployment.

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46

Heyne, Stefanie [Verfasser] y Michael [Akademischer Betreuer] Gebel. "Culture and female labor force participation in international comparison / Stefanie Heyne ; Betreuer: Michael Gebel". Mannheim : Universitätsbibliothek Mannheim, 2017. http://d-nb.info/112807415X/34.

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47

Johnson, Jessica K. M. "A Cross-National Analysis of Labor Force Participation and Life Expectancy among Older Adults". Thesis, Boston College, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/1404.

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Thesis advisor: James E. Lubben
Productive aging is a new and evolving conceptual model that emphasizes the antecedents and consequences of productivity in later life. Proponents of productive aging claim that productive activity in later life is associated with a number of benefits for individuals, communities, and societies, but this assumption has not been widely tested at the country level. In the context of an adapted model of productive aging, the present study identifies the cross-national predictors of and relationship between one form of productivity (viz., labor force participation) and one aspect of well-being (viz., longevity) among older adults. Random effects models with pooled cross-sections and path analysis were used to analyze potential relationships with data from several international data sources. The complete cross-national longitudinal dataset consists of variables measured at five time points or during intervals centered at these time points (i.e., 1980, 1985, 1990, 1995, and 2000) for each of thirty countries that belong to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The present study makes one particularly important and new contribution to the cross-national literature on productivity and longevity; the study suggests that work in later life strongly influences life expectancy among older adults, but that some important gender differences should be noted. The present study also suggests that public policy plays a very important role in country level labor force participation rates and life expectancy. More specifically, higher levels of public spending on social issues are associated with lower rates of labor force participation and higher life expectancies. Finally, the present study confirms that the adapted model of productivity provides a solid foundation for cross-national analyses of labor force participation and life expectancy, but highlights the importance of analyzing male and female behavior and outcomes separately
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2010
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Social Work
Discipline: Social Work

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48

Edmark, Karin, Che-Yuan Liang, Eva Mörk y Håkan Selin. "Evaluation of the Swedish earned income tax credit". Uppsala universitet, Nationalekonomiska institutionen, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-168214.

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Over the last twenty years we have seen an increasing use of in-work tax subsidies to encourage labor supply among low-income groups. In Sweden, a non-targeted earned income tax credit was introduced in 2007, and was reinforced in 2008, 2009 and 2010. The stated motive of the reform was to boost employment; in particular to provide incentives for individuals to go from unemployment to, at least, part-time work. In this paper we try to analyze the extensive margin labor supply effects of the Swedish earned income tax credit reform up to 2008. For identification we exploit the fact that the size of the tax credit, as well as the resulting average tax rate, is a function of the municipality of residence and income if working. However, throughout the analysis we find placebo effects that are similar in size to the estimated reform effects. In addition, the results are sensitive with respect to how we define employment, which is especially true when we analyze different subgroups such as men and women, married and singles. Our conclusion is that the identifying variation is too small and potentially endogenous and that it is therefore not possible to use this variation to perform a quasi-experimental evaluation of the Swedish EITC-reform.

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49

Willing, Elizabeth. "Hosting food-based artworks formed and altered by performance". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2019. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/132450/1/Elizabeth_Willing_Thesis.pdf.

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This practice-led research project explores the dynamics of hospitality and food through the creation and analysis of sculptural objects, installation and performance. The performance and participation occurring between the artist, viewer, and artwork are framed as dynamic host/guest relationships. The project proposes the host-guest as a motif for understanding the reciprocity of roles in participatory art practices.

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50

Duarte, Ana Maria Bustamante. "Participation & (Re)settlement : envisioning mobile services with young forced migrants". Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/56698.

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A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor in Information Management, specialization in Geographic Information Systems
In recent years, digital services have played a crucial role in the forced migration phenomenon worldwide. Researchers and practitioners in Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) and Information Science (IS) have explored the impact of digital solutions and proposed new approaches to tackle the specific conditions of forced migration. Nonetheless, several of the currently available digital services developed for this purpose have had limited participation of this group in their development process. Digital services could benefit from forced migrants’ participation during their design and development process. It could enhance the services to address more effectively forcibly displaced communities’ needs and challenges in the different phases of their involuntary displacement. This thesis focuses on the role and adaptation of participatory design (PD) approaches to create “safe spaces” where young forced migrants can be co-researchers on and co-designers of mobile (geospatial) services to support them upon arrival and during the first stages of their (re)settlement in the host cities. In such particular context, the current research has three main contributions. First, it identified a set of initial challenges and needs of forced migrants upon arrival and in the first stages of their (re)settlement in Münster, North-Rhine Westphalia, Germany. Second, it proposed adaptations on PD’s practices to effectively encourage young forced migrants’ participation codesigning their digital services. Lastly, it developed two augmented geovisualizations prototypes to assist with their navigation of host cities in such situation. The proposed PD adaptations combined core concepts and strategies from participatory research (PR), didactics, and PD such as “safe spaces”, didactic reduction, reflective thinking, and workshops. The open-source prototypes are based on combinations of static and dynamic geospatial augmentations (images and augmented reality) which were combined with digital maps. These solutions were tailored based on the feedback from the forcibly displaced populations participating. Their main aim was to ease forced migrants arrival in host cities by supporting their spatial familiarization with unknown urban environments. Overall, the contribution of this thesis advances on the generation of participatory approaches for forced migrants to design their digital services and technologies while supporting host cities in their processes towards generating more inclusive urban environments for all of its citizens.

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