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Morris, Kevin W. "The Epidemiology of Overuse Conditions in Youth Football and High School Football". Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1470147757.
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Taylor, Jessica Lee. "Evaluation of Noise in a College Football Stadium". University of Toledo Health Science Campus / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=mco1461862690.
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DeLenardo, Samantha. "Game Changer: Mental Health Strategic Communication Plan for Varsity Football Players". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/24356.
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In the past two years, six National Football League players have died by suicide. Investigations into most of the deaths revealed that the players suffered from brain damage likely caused by repeated concussions. As is the case with many health issues, tragedy often precedes action; the suicides of these high profile football stars have catalyzed action on concussion policy and practice, as well as opened up the conversation about the overall mental health of athletes.
This thesis joins the conversation around mental health and athletes, specifically Canadian varsity football players. Mental health problems and illnesses are presented as especially common, affecting about 1 in 5 Canadians. That is not to underestimate the severity of mental illnesses, which can deteriorate an individual’s quality of life, significantly impact friends and family and, in the most severe cases, also lead to death by suicide. That said, this thesis adopts a theoretical perspective that focuses on the promotion and protection of good mental health.
This thesis is primarily concerned with investigating the social, political, and external factors that negatively impact how football players conceptualize mental health and mental illness, and also the recommended behaviour to seek professional help if needed. The growing body of research concerning the negative impact of mental illness stigma is compelling and leaves no doubt that stigma is a significant barrier to recovery. This thesis explores the stigma process as well as its social function in groups. Next, it investigates how the already powerful stigma around mental illness is further exacerbated by gender and more specifically, how traditional masculine ideology (i.e. men should be strong and powerful) conflicts with stereotypical beliefs about mentally ill people (i.e. weak and/or incompetent). Gender and health are further linked in terms of behaviour. In other words, rejecting health behaviours becomes a strategy some men utilize to project their masculinity, paradoxically contributing to the creation or worsening of many health problems. A health behaviour that is explored in detail is psychological help-seeking, and the psychosocial processes of help-seeking, which are also mainly regulated by masculinity. An overview of the most common mental health problems and illnesses found in male varsity athletes is provided.
All of the above components are then applied to the unique context of varsity football players. The thesis draws on the literature as well as qualitative interview data that explores the experiences of 8 varsity football players at the University of Ottawa. Regarding mental health promotion, the findings show that football players may require adapted communication approaches. To that end, the thesis transitions into an early-stage health communication plan supported by the literature and the primary data. The plan proposes overall outcomes, short term/intermediate objectives, a communication strategy, and a tactical approach. Next, a web-based health resource is suggested as a primary communication vehicle and is outlined in detail. The plan then suggests potential partnerships for extending the strategic communication plan’s reach and credibility. This is followed by suggestions for evaluating both the short term/intermediate objectives as well as the strategic communication plan’s overall impact.
This thesis concludes with a chapter exploring the contributions lifted from the eight qualitative interviews, as well as suggested directions for research, policy and practice.
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Boneau, Rebecca Dunnan. "This is Your Brain on Football: Making Sense of Parents' Decision to Allow Their Child to Play Tackle Football". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2018. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1157613/.
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Parents make decisions on behalf of their children on a daily basis. Some parents in the United States face the unique decision of whether or not to allow football participation for their child at a very young age. Using sensemaking theory, I examined how parents assessed the risks involved in making the decision to allow their child to play tackle football. I interviewed 24 participants in the form of 12 parental couples who had children playing middle school football and coded their responses to identify themes and strategies for risk assessment. Themes that emerged were decision-agency (parent and child agency), risk assessment (downplaying risk, acknowledgement of risk with rationalizations, zero risk assessment), and decision-making concepts (cultural influence, familial identity, social influences, information sources). I expanded on the sensemaking supposition of individual identity by arguing that familial identity can also impact decision-making. A key finding to this study was the typology of parents that emerged including football families-parent agency, hesitant family- parent agency, and child focused family-child agency. The type of family reflected families' reception to community culture, impact of social influence, and openness to information sources. Family type also impacted the risk assessment process and belief of control over outcomes in football participation.
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Goh, Alvin Mingmei. "Towards successful cerebral palsy football programs: A conceptual model". Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2019. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2266.
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Cerebral Palsy (CP) football, despite global popularity for people with CP, is ultimately underdeveloped and competition standards are inconsistent around the world. Recent exclusion from the Paralympic games has emphasised its need for revitalisation and development on the international stage. The purposes of this research are first, to establish the value of CP football as an adaptive sport, and subsequently examine participatory and competitive determinants of success. The first study in this thesis examined anecdotal evidence of perceived physical, physiological, psychological and cognitive benefits within the team environment. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with participating members of the Western Australia CP Football (WACPF) program and personal experiences were examined using interpretive phenomenological analysis. The research identified improvements in all components of health outcomes investigated, including: lower-limb strength, flexibility, stamina, body composition, walking and running ability, confidence, self-esteem, physical self-efficacy, happiness, acceptance of disability, social skills, teamwork ability, sense of belonging, leadership skills, feeling of acceptance, motor coordination, football-related tactical awareness and spatial awareness. The second study monitored training and competition time-motion analyses of the WACPF over two seasons, as well as measures of fitness and anthropometry. Normative values of height, weight, speed, agility, vertical jump height, aerobic capacity, as well as training and competition loads measured in relative heart rate zones and speed thresholds, were established. No significant differences were found between training and match demands, thereby demonstrating training specificity. The third and fourth studies investigated the goal-scoring characteristics in sub-elite and elite CP football via performance analysis of the Australian and World Championships in 2017 and 2018 and chi-squared analyses of goals scored in open play were compared. Goals were predominantly (>85%) scored in open play and from the middle front third (88%). The critical pass through the last line of defence was identified to be an effective method in creating goals. Organised build-ups using four or less passes presented the most successful method of ball delivery. Coaches and support staff in CP football should structure programs based on findings to create a stimulating and effective team environment. Additionally, game-based training and the establishment of an elite pathway is recommended to all CP football programs.
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WOODS, MOLLY ELIZABETH. "COLLEGE FOOTBALL PLAYERS BELIEFS AND USE OF CREATINE SUPPLEMENTATION". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1005683621.
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Agnew, Marcus S. B. "Game analysis in rugby union a thesis submitted to Auckland University of Technology in fulfillment of Masters of Health Science, February 2006 /". Click here to access this resource online, 2006. http://aut.researchgateway.ac.nz/handle/10292/30.
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Schussler, Eric. "Assessment, Feedback and Head Accelerations in Youth American Football". The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1468412296.
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Wiberg, Alexandra. "Football Fitness as an activity for health promotion among women : A mixed method study". Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för hälsa och välfärd, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-40398.
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Previous research showed that in 2010, only 23% of adults and 81% of teenagers worldwide did not meet the recommendations for physical activity. Physical inactivity is related to increased risk of poorer health and suffering from lifestyle diseases. Football Fitness is a relatively new concept of organized physical activity with moderate and high intensity. The training form combines strength and fitness to suit all ages and gender, regardless of previous soccer experience or physical ability. Being part of a group and establishing social relations have been shown to be related to improved well-being and was one of the main factors for participation. The purpose of the study was, therefore, to investigate whether participation in Football Fitness was related to positive changes in mental health and well-being, and to strive to explore and create an understanding of women's experiences of participation. Method The women (N = 18) aged 15 to 54 years participated in a 6-week intervention, 2 workouts per week, in 90 minutes. The following inclusion criteria were used to carry out the selection: (1) should be less physically active than 150 minutes a week; (2) had not played organized football in the last 10 years and (3) were not diagnosed with any clinical mental health diagnosis. The study was conducted with a mixed method through an experimental design that involved three times to measure women's perceived well-being, current physical functions, social capital and whether participation in Football Fitness felt meaningful. Furthermore, focus group interviews were conducted after the intervention was completed. Quantitative data was analyzed by Bayesian repeated measures analysis of variance (R-ANOVA) and a one pair sample t-test was used as statistical tests in the study and performed in JASP. Qualitative data were analyzed through qualitative content analysis with an inductive approach. Results The result of the quantitative analysis showed that Football Fitness had a positive impact on women's well-being (BF10 = 3659,057), and social capital (BF10= 831.785) over time. Furthermore, the result showed that women who participated felt that it was meaningful to participate in Football Fitness (BF10 = 2.570e + 6). The analysis showed support for the null hypothesis that Football Fitness should give effect to women's current functions (BF10 = .0576). The qualitative result showed that women experienced comfort, solidarity, satisfaction, and happiness during participation, which created added value for women without previous experience of football. Conclusion The result of the present study supports the hypothesis that Football Fitness contributes to positive changes in psychological health and well-being. The women who participated in the study experienced comfort, solidarity, satisfaction, and happiness in participation, which are factors that contribute to increased health and well-being. The result of the study showed that women valued group training where they had the opportunity to create social relationships in context with the training and that it was positive with an including leader and a group that contributed to a feeling of comfort. These factors contributed to the fact that women who participated felt that participation in Football Fitness added value. Participating in Football Fitness added value to the women without precious football experience which indicates that further investigations regarding the association between Football Fitness and lifestyle predictors.
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Rothschild-Checroune, Ezechiel. "Academic Engagement of First Year Student Athletes: University Football as a Serious Leisure Community of Practice". Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/28675.
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Students must engage in communities supportive of academia to achieve success at university. Academic engagement is crucial for success, given that low levels of engagement have been shown to develop risks for a variety of adverse consequences, including absenteeism and dropping out of school. Students with a supportive environment have been shown to have higher levels of academic engagement. The purpose of this research was to use a phenomenological approach to explore how participation in a Serious Leisure (Stebbins, 1992) Community of Practice (Wenger, 1999) affects academic engagement. This research may be practical for coaches, educators, student athletes and researchers aiming to promote student athletes' academic engagement. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with twelve first year student athletes in the University of Ottawa's Gee Gees varsity football program. Results showed that football participation is so demanding that it may inhibit academic engagement. Conversely, football participation has helped individuals enter university, create a new home, integrate into a brotherhood/pseudo-family, develop an identity, time manage wisely, and become academically motivated. Although athletic pressure may be detrimental, the social support from the football program has proven helpful towards academic engagement.
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Eriksson, Christoffer. "Swedish Players’ Transition From Junior to Senior Football in Relation to Perceived Health and Athletic Identity". Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Social and Health Sciences (HOS), 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-5031.
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The objectives of this study concerning Swedish players’ transition from junior to senior football were to examine: (1) transition, perceived health, and athletic identity variables, as well as the relationship between them; (2) how transition, perceived health, and athletic identity variables contribute to: (a) healthy sport participation; (b) unhealthy sport participation; (c) quality of adjustment on the senior level of football; (d) life satisfaction. The theoretical frameworks included: the developmental model on transitions faced by athletes; the career transition model; the perceived health and sport/exercise participation model; the circle of health model. The participants (n = 126) were Swedish adolescent football players at local, national or international competitive levels. Three instruments were used in regard of the quantitative approach: the Transition Monitoring Survey; the Perceived Health and Sport Participation Profile; the Athletic Identity Measurement Scale. The transition variables were examined and several relationships were discovered between transition and perceived health variables, and athletic identity. Four multiple regression analyses showed that satisfaction with different spheres of life and coping strategies are significant positive predictors of healthy sport participation. Athletic identity, personal resources, and environmental pressure are significant positive predictors of unhealthy sport participation. In addition, environmental support was revealed to be a significant negative predictor of unhealthy sport participation. Importance of different aspects of sport and satisfaction with sport participation are significant positive predictors of the quality of adjustment on the senior level of sports, whereas importance of different spheres of life and athletic identity are significant negative predictors. Importance of different spheres of life and healthy sport participation are significant positive predictors of life satisfaction. The results are discussed in relation to theoretical frameworks and previous research.
Syftena med föreliggande studie angående svenska spelares övergång från junior till seniorfotboll var att undersöka: (1) övergångs-, upplevd hälsa- och idrottsidentitetsvariabler, såväl som förhållandet mellan dem; (2) hur övergångs-, upplevd hälsa- och idrottsidentitetsvariabler bidrar till: (a) ett hälsosamt idrottsdeltagande; (b) ett ohälsosamt idrottsdeltagande; (c) idrottarnas anpassning till seniornivån i fotboll; (d) livstillfredsställelse. De teoretiska referensramarna inkluderade: the developmental model on transitions faced by athletes; the career transition model; the perceived health and sport/exercise participation model; the circle of health model. Deltagarna (n = 126) bestod av svenska ungdomsfotbollsspelare på lokal, nationell och internationell tävlingsnivå. Tre mätinstrument användes med tanke på den kvantitativa utgångspunkten: Enkäten Karriärövergången från Junior till Senioridrott; Upplevd Hälsa & Idrottsdeltagande Profil; Athletic Identity Measurement Scale. Övergångsvariablerna undersöktes och flera samband upptäcktes mellan övergångs- och upplevd hälsavariabler och idrottsidentitet. Fyra multipla regressionsanalyser visade att tillfredsställelse med olika delar av livet och copingstrategier är positivt signifikanta faktorer som bidrar till ett hälsosamt idrottsdeltagande. Idrottsidentitet, personlighetsfaktorer och tidigare erfarenheter, samt press från omgivningen är positivt signifikanta faktorer som bidrar till ett ohälsosamt idrottsdeltagande. Dessutom så upptäcktes support från omgivningen att vara en negativt signifikant faktor som bidrar till ett ohälsosamt idrottsdeltagande. Hur viktiga olika delar av idrotten är och tillfredsställelsen med idrottsdeltagandet är positivt signifikanta faktorer som bidrar till idrottarens anpassning till seniornivån, då däremot hur viktiga olika delar av livet är och idrottsidentiteten är negativt signifikanta faktorer. Hur viktiga olika delar av livet är och ett hälsosamt idrottsdeltagande är positivt signifikanta faktorer som bidrar till livstillfredsställelse. Resultaten diskuteras i förhållande till de teoretiska referensramarna och tidigare forskning.
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Svennerlind, Malin y Sewit Hagos. ""Playing football and studying is a good combination" : Dual Career Motivation, Stressors and Coping in Swedish Football Players". Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för hälsa och välfärd, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-43877.
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Dual career (DC) means that an athlete combines sport and study/work. A balanced DC strongly depends on an athlete's ability to cope with stressors and is of paramount importance to succeed with both studies and sport (Stambulova et al., 2015; Wylleman & Reints, 2010). The study aimed to explore dual career (DC) motivation, stressors, and coping in Swedish football players. The participants were nine male student-football players from seven football clubs in Sweden aged between 22 to 27 (M = 24.84, SD = 1.50) in Division 1, Superettan, and Allsvenskan (three highest levels of football in Sweden). A semi-structured interview guide was designed to explore the study’s aim. Based on the result, a thematic map was developed from the central concept, categories, themes, and sub-themes created from analyzing the corresponding data. The thematic map connects all parts of the results and summarizes the study. The results revealed that internal DC motivation dominated, but education was partly affected by external motivation. Lack of support, dealing with time pressure and the challenge with performance and pressure in DC were the most significant stressors. Student-athletes demonstrated different ways of coping with stressors. Three coping strategies were identified. The participants highlighted physical and mental recovery in DC and the importance of social support. Findings showed that Covid-19 (C-19) positively impacted education, where remote learning was beneficial. The discussion, therefore, highlights the recommendations for flexible academic programs for all student-athletes at university to facilitate DC. The study concluded that internal motivation, combined with social support and previous experiences, is the predominant factor in succeeding with DC.Dubbel karriär (DC) betyder att en idrottare kombinerar sport och studier/arbete. En balanserad DC beror starkt på idrottarens förmåga att hantera stressfaktorer och är en avgörande faktor för att lyckas med både studier och sport (Stambulova et al., 2015; Wylleman & Reints, 2010). Syftet med studien var att utforska svenska studerande fotbollsspelares erfarenheter med fokus på motivation, stressorer och stresshantering. Deltagarna bestod av nio manliga studerande fotbollsspelare, från sju olika fotbollsklubbar i Sverige vars ålder varierade mellan 22 till 27 (M = 24,84, SD = 1,50) i Division 1, Superettan och Allsvenskan (tre högsta fotbollsligorna i Sverige). En semistrukturerad intervjuguide designades för att studera syftet. Baserat på resultatet utvecklades en tematisk karta utifrån de kategorier, teman och sub-teman som uppkom av den analyserade datan. Den tematiska kartan är studies produkt som sammanfattar resultatet och hur de sammankopplade. Resultatet påvisar att dubbla karriärer drivs mer från inre motivation, men utbildning påverkas delvis av yttre motivation. Brist på stöd, hantering av tidspress och utmaningarna med prestation och krav inom DC var de största stressorer. Student-idrottare demonstrerade olika sätt att hantera stressfaktorer och tre hanteringsstrategier identifierades. Deltagarna lyfte fram fysisk och mental återhämtning i DC och vikten av socialt stöd. Resultaten visade att Covid-19 (C-19) påverkade utbildningen positivt, där distansundervisning var fördelaktig. Diskussionen vill därför lyfta fram rekommendationerna för flexibla akademiska program för alla studentidrottare vid universitetet för att underlätta DC. Studien drog slutsatsen att intern motivation, kombinerat med socialt stöd och tidigare erfarenheter, är de dominerande faktorerna för att lyckas med DC.
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Collins, Andrew. "Ambient Micro-Climate and Thermal Comfort Assessment of Davis Wade Stadium during the 2016 Football Season". Thesis, Mississippi State University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10842871.
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College football stadiums host anywhere from 15,000 to 115,000 people each Saturday from late summer to early winter and leave fans exposed to ambient conditions. Amplified heat from stadium infrastructure substantially impact attendants’ thermal comfort. In order to assess personal heat exposure and mitigate exposure misclassification, temperature and relative humidity sensors (iButtons) were placed throughout Mississippi State University’s Davis Wade Stadium during the 2016 Football Season. iButton measurements established a micro-climate and compared its readings to the Soil Climate Analysis Network site 1.2 miles north of the stadium. The program RayMan Pro modeled a Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET) micro-climate to create an individualized heat metric. The results of this study assess stadium occupants’ thermal comfort through Heat Index and PET. Heat-related health outcomes were examined regarding thermal comfort and the stadium micro-climate using data from the stadium’s EMS calls and First Aid stations during game days.
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Adams, James Robert. "The Relationship Between Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Body Habitus Variables in Division I Collegiate Football Players". Miami University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1227204278.
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Hagen, Kjetil. "Young Swedish Athletes' perceived Social Support and Well-being in Football Academies". Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för hälsa och samhälle (HOS), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-16418.
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Abstract The objectives of the study were to examine: (I) if different categories of social support (family, friends and school) can predict well-being among Swedish male football academy players. Moreover, the purpose is to (II) compare if two age groups of male academy players (11-14 years) and (15-19 years) differ in perceived social support (e.g. family, friends and school) and well-being. The participants in the study were 443 male football academy players (M = 14.17) from four different elite clubs. The questionnaire that was used in this study consists of a modified extended-form health survey collected from FHI (Public Health Institute) developed to examine adolescents’ subjective well-being. The survey is based on SDQ (Goodman, 1997), PSP-scale (Hagquist, 2008) (Swedish questionnaire developed to measure psychosomatic issues among children) and Kidscreen (Ravens-Sieberer et. al., 2005). The result showed that different categories of social support (e.g. family, friends and school) could predict 20.4% of the total well-being among Swedish academy players. Additionally, it was found that younger academy players (11-14 years) experience a higher level of well- being and more social support in terms of friends and school in relation to older academy players (15-19 years). The results are discussed in relation to theoretical frameworks and previous research.
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Parnell, Daniel. "Action research : understanding the effectiveness of an English Premier League 'Football in the Community' health improvement intervention". Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2014. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/4506/.
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This thesis outlines research undertaken by formal collaboration between Everton Football Club's Football in the Community (FitC) scheme; Everton in the Community (EitC) and Liverpool John Moores University. In recent years, there has been recognition of the influence that English Premier League football clubs can have in attending to the health improvement agenda through football-based community-coaching interventions. Few FitC programmes have suitable evaluation procedures in place, there remains limited evaluative empirical evidence. Study 1 (reconnaissance phases) adopted multi-method approach within an action research framework to explore the effectiveness of a health improvement intervention for children (June 2006-July 2007). Results showed most children had a fun and enjoyable time, however there were some negative comments regarding coaching practice. Strategic and operational issues were highlighted that limited the effectiveness of the intervention. Study 2 (action planning) adopted a focus group meeting approach to disseminate the findings from Study 1 with senior management of EitC to reflect, discuss and highlight change strategies to improve the effectiveness of future health improvement interventions. Study 3 (implementation and monitoring phase) extended the principles of ethnography adopted throughout the thesis in line with action research to facilitate the change strategy within EitC on behalf of senior management. Results highlight individual, social, political, ethical and contextual barriers emerged during the facilitation of the change strategy, leading to the shift in key change person (i.e., gatekeepers) from senior management to a community coach. Positive changes were achieved, although not the initial change strategy agreed. Key findings highlight the usefulness of ethnographic approaches in understanding and facilitating the complexity of change involved in action research. It is recommended that commissioners should encourage FitC programmes to engage in evaluation and organisational development initiatives.
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Jacob, Ysabel. "Genetic associations with athlete performance and injury susceptibility in elite Australian football". Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2023. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2625.
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Australian Football is a dynamic team sport involving a combination of physical capabilities such as endurance, strength and power. Similar to other football codes, selection into elite Australian Football teams is predominantly associated with a player’s performance in physical and technical skill assessments, as well as their performance during matches. In contrast to other sporting codes, there are no studies exploring a potential genetic association towards success in Australian Football. Moreover, no studies have explored genetic associations of skill-based performance, injury risk, and athletic performance in Australian Football players. Recently, there has been an increased focus on the genetic contribution to athleticism, which has focused on understanding the causes of player variability. To investigate this concept in Australian Football further, the aims of this thesis were to 1) examine the genetic profile of elite Australian Football players using a group of selected candidate genes; 2) investigate the relationship between cardiovascular performance and genotypes of selected genes; 3) explore the occurrence and severity of injuries in Australian Football and their possible relationship to injury-related genes and their genotypes; and 4) examine if there is a relationship between time to injury, genetic polymorphisms and strength.
Study one found that the ACTN3 rs1815739-XX genotype was significantly underrepresented, and the R allele was significantly overrepresentation in elite Australian Footballers compared to healthy controls. Study two found that the ADRB1 (rs18011253) and PPARGC1a (rs8192678) genes showed significant results, in particular the Arg389Gly CC and Gly482Ser GG genotypes of their respective genes, with both genotypes associated with faster two-kilometre time trial results in the studied population. Study three found that the NOGGIN rs1372857-GG and COL5A1 rs1372857-TT genotypes were significantly associated with a higher number of estimated muscle related injuries, with the NOGGIN rs1372857-GG having an association to higher severity (moderate and high rated) of injuries. In addition, the COL5A1 rs1372857-TT genotype was also associated with bone related injuries, with an association to moderate severity rated injuries. The CC genotype of the IGF2 (rs3213221) polymorphism had a higher number of tendon related injuries, with a further association towards low severity (low rated) injuries. The COL1A1 rs-1800012-TT genotype was related to a higher estimated number of ligament related injuries with a significant association to lower severity injuries. Significant results were found in study four regarding significant association between the COL12A1 rs970547-TC genotype and an increased risk to first upper body injury compared to the TT genotype of 167.2%. The IMTP had significant results with all its variables (peak force, and relative peak force (N.kg-1 and N)) for any musculoskeletal injuries, upper body musculoskeletal injuries and non-contact upper body musculoskeletal injuries. No associations were discovered for the NordBord eccentric hamstring strength test or the 2-kilometre time trial. This scientific approach could be replicated in a larger population, i.e., the entire Australian Football League, to establish if certain genotypes or alleles are related to an earlier occurrence of injuries.
This doctoral thesis provides preliminary research into understanding the links between genes and athlete’s performance and injury of elite Australian Football players. This may lead to further research to develop this knowledge, which may in the long term assist in developing targeted training programs to achieve better outcomes for both the individual athletes and their sporting organisation. Future research could be expanded to all Australian Football League teams providing a greater sample size to determine the genetic variants that predict an elite Australian Footballer player and team. Tactical and High-Performance Coaches could use this information to understand training effects on players to hone in on individual strengths and weaknesses to ideally produce a more cohesive teams without many injuries or changes throughout a season.
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Zinn, Caryn. "Nutrition knowledge of New Zealand premier club rugby coaches this thesis is submitted to the Auckland University of Technology in partial fulfillment of the degree of Master of Health Science, November 2004". Full thesis. Abstract, 2004.
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Wing, Christopher E. "Phases of play in Australian football: Analysis of running and technical match performance". Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2022. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2605.
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Australian Football (AF) matches consist of high and low intensity activities and specific periods of play. Previous research has identified maximum periods of high intensity using a rolling time frame approach. However, the development of a non-uniform analysis method may be more desirable in intermittent type sports. Additionally, there is a paucity of information within the published literature that describes how to use such data to improve training design and subsequent monitoring. Furthermore, the physical and technical characteristics of specific phases of play have been identified in recent research. However, these findings can be developed further by ascertaining the effect of playing position, field location and successful/ unsuccessful play. The impact of factors such as venue and a player’s physical capacity and the constraints these may have upon performance should also be systematically analysed.
The purpose of the present PhD research project, therefore, was to gain a greater understanding of the physical and technical demands of AF in specific phases of play, and how this data can be used to evaluate performance and inform training program design. To achieve this, six studies were included in the project to identify maximum periods of play using the ball in play (BiP) method, whilst additionally contextualising these time periods with key technical actions (e.g., kicks) (Study 1), the physical and technical demands of offence, defence, and contested phases of play, and how these outputs may be affected by playing position, successful and unsuccessful play, field location, environment and players’ physical capacity (Studies 3 and 5). Additionally, the intensity distribution was compared between competitive matches and small-sided games during training (Study 4). Based on this, position specific drills were established and running intensities in the drills were investigated (Study 6).
Study one ascertained the maximum running intensities of ball in play (BiP) periods, and contextualised these with technical (e.g., kicks) actions. The findings demonstrated that maximum BiP period intensity was significantly (p < 0.0001) higher than that derived using whole match data methods for all measured metrics (relative distance high-speed running, very high-speed running, PlayerLoadTM, high-intensity efforts, and acceleration efforts). However, no significant differences were found between playing positions. A technical action (e.g., a kick) was recorded in 21-48% of the maximum BiP periods, depending upon the primary microsensor technology metric assessed, with kicks and handballs constituting > 50% of all actions performed.
Study two uniquely assessed the impact of sudden rule changes due to the COVID-19 pandemic (2020 season) upon match running performance and injuries within AF. The total distance (ES=1.28), high-speed ( > 18 km/h) (ES=0.44) and very high-speed ( > 24 km/h) (ES=0.27) distances, PlayerLoadTM (ES=0.96), high-intensity efforts (ES=0.48), and accelerations (ES=0.33) were smaller (p ≤ 0.01) for the 2020 than the 2019 season. Expressed relative to playing time, distance (ES=-0.38), PlayerLoadTM (ES=-0.27), and acceleration efforts (ES=-0.50) were greater (p < 0.05) for the 2020 than the 2019 season. No significant differences in maximum ball-in-play periods nor the difference between the 1st and 4th quarters were evident. Injury rates remained similar between 2019 (3.36 per game) and 2020 (3.55 per game). However, the proportion of injuries that led to lost time (missed games) was greater for the 2020 (38%) than 2019 season (24%). The changes in the rules had a profound impact on player performance and increased the likelihood of time loss injuries.
Study three compared the physical and technical demands between offence, defence, and contested phases of play within playing positions (backs, forwards, and midfielders). Furthermore, study two ascertained the effect of field location upon offence, defence, and contested play, as well as making comparisons between successful and unsuccessful offence and defence. The results indicated that relative measures of distance, high-speed running, accelerations and decelerations were significantly (p < 0.001) higher in defence versus offence and contested play for backs, and in offence versus defensive and contested play for forwards. Amongst midfielders, only relative measures of distance and high-speed running were significantly (p < 0.001) greater in offence versus defence and contested play, with no significant differences between phases for accelerations and decelerations. Successful offence was underpinned by greater physical and technical demands for midfielders and forwards, whereas the opposite was found for backs. Unsuccessful defence was largely categorised by increases in physical output, whereas tackles and marks were increased in successful defence. Larger field locations (e.g., full ground) recorded the highest distance and high-speed running per minute, however, no pattern was evident for acceleration or deceleration efforts relative to playing time. These findings demonstrate that phase of play (offence, defence, contested), as well as successful and unsuccessful phases have different physical and technical demands, which vary between playing positions and field location.
Study four compared the intensity distribution of BiP periods from competitive matches to the intensity distribution of SSGs in 10% intensity buckets, using maximum BiP periods as a reference point. Although few significant differences were noted between BiP periods from matches and SSGs, several players were unable to record the same percentage of efforts in the higher intensity buckets. Specifically, 25 of 67 players (37%) did not record any SSGs efforts within intensity buckets classified as ≥ 90% for relative distance. Additionally, 33 of 67 (49%) and 28 of 67 (42%) of players recorded no SSGs efforts in buckets classified as ≥ 80% for relative measures of high-speed running and acceleration efforts respectively. Therefore, SSGs are a sub-optimal training stimulus for the purpose of exposing all players in a team to the running intensities recorded in the most intense periods of play.
Study five examined the effect of both match (e.g., venue) and player (e.g., physical capacity, and playing experience) factors on the physical and technical performance of players in successful offence and defence, as well as maximum BiP periods. The main findings regarding match factors were highlighted during successful defence, where playing at home significantly reduced both distance and high-speed running relative to playing time (moderate effect size), as well as significantly increasing the rate of tackles (small effect size). During successful offence, 1-repetition maximum trap bar deadlift relative to body mass significantly increased relative distance (large effect size), and high-speed running (moderate effect size). During successful defence, increased performance (i.e., shorter time to completion) upon the two-kilometre time trial significantly increased relative distance (large effect size), high-speed running (large effect size), and acceleration efforts (moderate effect size). Additionally, increased two-kilometre time trial performance significantly increased relative distance and high-speed running within maximum BiP periods (both large effect size). Playing experience had a significant effect upon the rate of kicks and marks in successful offence, where those with moderate experience performed a greater amount (both moderate effect size). Furthermore, those with lower playing experience performed greater relative distance and high-speed running in maximum BiP periods (both moderate effect size).
Study six established position specific drills and assessed their utility to match or supersede the running intensities recorded during maximum BiP periods from competitive matches, whilst concurrently training the technical (e.g., kicks) actions commonly recorded in AF. Three drills were designed for this purpose, which included offence, defence, and a combination drill (where two players performed the drill at the same time, one as the forward and one as the back). All three training drills recorded significantly greater (p < 0.001) measures of distance, high and very high-speed running, and high-intensity efforts relative to playing time when compared to maximum BiP periods. Only the defence drill recorded significantly (p < 0.001) greater measures of PlayerLoadTM and accelerations relative to playing time than BiP periods. Conversely, accelerations per minute were significantly (p < 0.001) greater in BiP periods than those recorded during both the offence and combination drill. When comparing the drills to each other, all measured metrics were significantly (p < 0.001) greater for the defence drill when compared to the offence drill, whilst distance, high-speed running, PlayerLoadTM, and accelerations were significantly (p < 0.001) greater when compared to the combination drill. These findings demonstrate that a position specific drill may be an attractive addition to AF players training regimes where the aim is match, or supersede, the highest intensity periods derived from competitive matches whilst concurrently training technical aspects of performance.
The findings demonstrate that utilising discrete analysis methods (BiP, offence, defence, contested) can provide greater detail for practitioners concerning the physical and technical characteristics of AF matches. Additionally, these characteristics may be influenced by factors such as playing venue and a player’s levels of physical capacity. The data presented within the studies may be used to optimise representative training (e.g., SSGs) or a position specific drill may be integrated into training in order to expose players to the relevant physical and technical demands. Future research should explore additional features (e.g., change of direction, collisions, time to execute skill) that may enhance the application of position specific drills, as well as exploring if the uptake of such drills improves aspects of both physical (e.g., time trial performance) and match performance (e.g., running intensity, skill execution).
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Kawata, Keisuke. "SUBCONCUSSIVE HEAD IMPACT EFFECT ON PLASMA EXPRESSION OF S100-BETA AND PINCH PROTEINS IN COLLEGIATE FOOTBALL PLAYERS". Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2016. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/398688.
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KinesiologyPh.D.
In this prospective longitudinal investigation of Division-I collegiate football players, the acute and longer-term effects of repetitive subconcussive impacts on plasma S100β and PINCH levels and concussion-related symptom score were examined. The first aim was to investigate the acute repetitive subconcussive impact effect by comparing the biomarker levels at pre and post full-gear practice, followed by examining the relationship of head impact magnitude and frequency of on acute increases in S100β and PINCH levels and symptom score. Hypotheses for the first aim were that there would be acute increases in plasma S100β and PINCH levels, but no change would be observed in symptom score. A significant relationship between subconcussive impact kinematics and acute changes in outcome measurements would be observed only in S100β. The second aim was to examine the longer-term effect of subconcussive effects on plasma S100β and PINCH levels as well as symptom score compared to the pre-season baseline. It was hypothesized that the players who sustained high frequency and magnitude of subconcussive impact would induce chronically high levels of plasma PINCH compared to the baseline. However, chronic effect would not be found in plasma S100β and symptom score. Independent variables were time (pre vs. post-practice), days (baseline, 1st Pads-OFF, 1st Pads-ON, 2nd Pads-ON, 3rd Pads-ON, 4th Pads-ON, and post-season), and group (higher vs. lower impact group). Dependent variables were the plasma expression of S100β and PINCH and symptom scores at each time point, pre-post differences in the plasma expression of S100β and PINCH and symptom scores, and head impact kinematics (frequency, sum of peak linear and rotational acceleration). This prospective observational study of 22 Division-I collegiate football players included pre-season baseline, pre-season practices [1 helmet-only and 4 full-gear], and post-season follow-up. Acute subconcussive effects were examined using the data from the first full-gear practice. Cumulative subconcussive effects were examined across the study duration (total 12 time points per player). Blood samples and self-reported symptom scores were obtained and blood biomarkers were assessed for pre-post practices and pre-post season. Plasma S100β expression level was assessed using a sandwich-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Plasma PINCH expression level was assessed using western blot analysis. An accelerometer-embedded mouth guard was employed to measure impact kinematics including number of impacts (hits), peak linear acceleration (PLA), and peak rotational acceleration (PRA). For examining cumulative effects, based on the previously established cut-off value of 173.5 g, players who were exposed average impact magnitudes below 173.5 g per practice were categorized into lower (n = 8) or greater than 173.5 g were categorized into higher (n = 14) impact groups. Data analysis consisted of descriptive and inferential statistics. Student’s t-tests were used to assess group differences in demographic and head impact kinematic data, acute effects using pre-post practice change in concussion-related symptom scores and biomarker levels, and longer-term effects using pre-post season change in concussion-related symptom scores and biomarker levels. Pearson r correlations were used to examine potential relationship between acute increase in outcome measures and head impact kinematics data. Two-way repeated measures ANOVAs were used to identify cumulative subconcussive effects over time in concussion-related symptoms scores and biomarker levels. If necessary, one-way ANOVA as a function of group was used to identify where cumulative effect began compared to the baseline, using Dunnett’s host-hoc correction. The alpha level was set at p < 0.05. A total of 721 head impacts were recorded from the 22 players during the 5 training camp practices. There were significant differences in head impact kinematics per practice between lower and higher impact groups [number of impacts per practice, 1.3 vs. 10.0 (p < .001); linear acceleration, 36.4 vs. 285.6 g (p < .001); rotational acceleration, 2,048.4 vs. 16,497.31 rad/s2 (p < .001), respectively]. There were no changes in self-reported concussion symptoms across the study duration. While there was no change in longer-term effect between pre-season baseline and post-season follow-up in plasma S100β level, robust and acute increase was observed in post-full gear practice (0.111 + 0.01 ng/ml) compared to pre-practice S100β level, (0.048 + 0.01 ng/ml; p < .0001). The acute increase in plasma S100β was significantly and positively correlated to the number of hits (r = 0.636, p = 0.001), sum of peak linear acceleration (r = 0.570, p = .006), and sum of peak rotational acceleration (r = 0.655, p = 0.001) sustained. For plasma PINCH level, there was a 4-fold increase at post-practice compared to that of pre-practice (p = .037), indicating the acute effect of subconcussive impacts. However, the acute increase in plasma PINCH level was independent from frequency and magnitude of impacts sustained, demonstrated by no statistically significant correlations with the number of hits (r = 0.222, p = .333), sum of peak linear acceleration (r = 0.289, p = .204), and sum of peak rotational acceleration (r = 0.297, p = .191). When players were categorized into the lower and higher impact groups and assessed across the 5 training-camp practices, consistently higher levels of plasma S100β and PINCH were found only in the higher impact group at post-practice compared to the baseline. However, plasma level of S100β and PINCH at pre-practice remained stable from the baseline, suggesting the absence of chronic effect from repetitive head impacts. When season-long effects on plasma S100β and PINCH levels were examined, 10 out of 16 players showed increase in plasma PINCH level at post-season compared to the baseline (p = .039) while no significant difference in plasma S100β level. Results from the current study suggest that subconcussive head impacts do not exert self-claimed concussion-related symptoms; however, blood biomarkers detected noticeable acute changes following repetitive subconcussive impacts. Plasma level of S100β protein can be a potential diagnostic measurement to track acute brain burden, and plasma level of PINCH protein may be reflective of the longer-term cumulative brain damage from repetitive head impacts.
Temple University--Theses
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SWANGER, TIMOTHY A. "A COMPARISON OF MUSCULAR FITNESS, POWER, FLEXIBILITY, AND BODY COMPOSITION BETWEEN FOOTBALL PLAYERS LIVING ON OR OFF CAMPUS". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1107965690.
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Van, Hoye Aurélie. "Implémentation et évaluation d'un programme de promotion de la santé au sein de clubs sportifs "Promouvoir l'Activité Physique des Adolescents"". Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENS009/document.
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Implémentation et évaluation d'un programme de promotion de la santé au sein de clubs sportifs : « Promouvoir l'Activité Physique des Adolescents » La pratique sportive est considérée comme bénéfique pour la santé (OMS, 1995). Malgré ce constat, tous les jeunes ne bénéficient pas d'expérience sportive positive. Pour encourager ce type d'expérience, ce travail doctoral est composé de trois parties : (1) une analyse de la contribution du club sportif à la promotion de la santé, (2) l'évaluation des effets et (3) du processus d'implémentation d'une intervention basée sur la théorie de l'autodétermination et la théorie des buts d'accomplissement visant une expérience sportive positive et durable : le programme « Promouvoir l'Activité Physique des Adolescents ». Pour apprécier la contribution du club sportif à la promotion de la santé, 2 études ont été réalisées. La première analyse les représentations de 125 éducateurs des missions et actions de promotion de la santé des clubs sportifs, concluant que le club pourrait être plus actif en termes de politique et de pratiques. La seconde, évaluant la contribution de la pratique sportive pour atteindre les recommandations en termes d'activité physique (AP ; OMS, 2010) auprès de 331 jeunes footballeurs, observe que la pratique sportive semble favoriser la pratique d'AP. L'évaluation des effets de l'intervention a été réalisée à l'aide d'une étude contrôlée randomisée auprès de 617 joueurs (339 du groupe expérimental et 278 du groupe expérimental). Les résultats montrent qu'en comparaison au groupe contrôle, les joueurs entraînés par un éducateur formé ont une évolution plus positive de la perception du climat motivationnel, de la satisfaction du besoin de compétence, de leur motivation autodéterminée, de l'estime de soi, et de moindres intentions et un taux d'abandon plus faible. En contrôlant le niveau au 1er temps de mesure, la formation a un effet sur l'expérience sportive médiatisée complètement par le climat motivationnel qui est partiellement médiatisé par la satisfaction de besoins et la motivation. L'évaluation du processus montre que la formation de formateurs pour délivrer notre intervention est efficace, que l'intervention un taux correct d'implémentation. Le taux d'implémentation individuel est modéréImplementation and evaluation of a health promotion program in sport clubs: "Promoting Adolescent Physical Activity" The benefits of sport participation have been demonstrated (OMS, 1995). Despite this statement, not all participants have a positive sport experience. To foster this type of experience, this doctoral thesis is composed of three aims : (1) an analysis of sport clubs contribution to health promotion (HP), (2) the evaluation of the effects and (3) process of an intervention based on self-determination and achievement goal theories to foster positive and long term sport involvement: the “Promoting Adolescent Physical Activity” intervention. Two studies have been realised to better understand the role sport clubs can play to HP. The first analyse the representation of sport clubs HP actions and mission of 125 grassroots coaches, underlining that sport clubs could be more active concerning HP policies and practices. The second question the contribution of sport participation to help 331 youth football players to reach WHO's physical activity (PA) recommendations (2010), showing that sport participation might favour participants' PA. The effects of the intervention have been evaluated trough a cluster-randomised trial including 617 players (339 in the experimental group and 278 in the control group). Results have shown that in comparison to the control group, players in the experimental condition have a more positive evolution of their motivational climate, the satisfaction of their competence need, a self-determination index (SDI) and self-esteem, as well as a decrease of their dropout intentions and behaviours. Controlling for Time 1, the intervention has an effect on sport experience fully mediated by the climate, which is partially mediated by basic needs satisfaction and a SDI. The process evaluation has shown that coach expert training to deliver our intervention was effective, that the intervention has no effect at the organisational level, but a correct implementation score. The individual implementation score is moderate
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Millar, John Samuel. "Kinematics of drop punt kicking in Australian rules football - comparison of skilled and less skilled kicking". full-text, 2004. http://eprints.vu.edu.au/2026/1/millar.pdf.
Texto completoResumen
The types of kick that are performed in the football codes fall into two broad categories: punt kick and place kick. One type of punt kick is the major means of ball movement in Australian Rules football – the drop punt kick. Past studies have investigated the biomechanics of kicking. The pattern of segmental interaction during the kicking motion – known as the proximal to distal sequence (PDS) – is the most consistent finding that is reported in the biomechanics of kicking literature. In this sequence the proximal segment (thigh) initiates the forward swing of the kicking limb towards the ball and the forward rotation of the distal segment (shank) follows. PDS motions are also typified by a higher angular velocity of the distal segment (shank). Studies that have compared the difference between skilled and less skilled kickers in Australian Rules football have found that the difference in performance is the result of 1) the position of the shank at the end of the backswing is higher above horizontal (further in the clockwise direction) for the skilled than it is for the less skilled, 2) the maximum angular velocity of the thigh during the forward swing is greater for the skilled than it is for the less skilled and 3) the skilled kickers demonstrate greater mean maximum angular velocity of the shank at foot – ball contact. Apart from these findings there is inadequate information about the mechanical features of a skillful drop punt kick. The objective of this study was to quantify and compare the kinematics of skilled and less skilled kicking. A general profile of the drop punt kick and the reliability of the kinematic variables were also reported. The reliability study was conducted first. Six subjects were tested on two occasions to establish the reliability of the equipment and methods. Variables were deemed to be reliable if they demonstrated an ICC equal or greater than r = 0.80. Of the 95 variables that were analysed 42% had an ICC greater than r = 0.79 and 25% were classified as having questionable to moderate reliability because r = 0.50 – 0.79. Only reliable variables were used to compare the skilled and less skilled groups. Six elite skilled kickers and six elite less skilled kickers were used in the main study. All subjects used were AFL players at the time of the data collection. Two-dimensional video footage was taken of each kick using a high speed camera (200Hz). The camera was positioned so that its line of sight was perpendicular to the sagittal plane of motion. The video footage of each trial was processed through the Peak Motus motion analysis system. The start of the kicking motion was identified by the maximum cw angle of the thigh. The time of foot – ball contact was the end of the motion. There were two phases that were identified during this time; transition and forward swing. The duration of each was 50% of movement time. The results of the current study showed that the skilled kickers held the ankle in a more plantarflexed position than did the less skilled kickers (skilled 46.7 degrees, less skilled 39.21 degrees, r = 0.70, ES = – 1.06, p = .071) at the time of foot – ball contact. This result indicates that a common trait amongst skilled kickers is the presence of a taut instep at foot – ball contact. This is one trait of skilled kickers that is often referred to by skills coaches within the AFL. The maximum angular velocity of the shank (1402 degrees/second) was higher than that of the thigh (805 degrees/second). The mean knee extension angle at foot – ball contact was 50 degrees and the maximum knee extension angle occurred after foot – ball contact (150% movement time). There was no difference between groups in the magnitude of the angles or angular velocities (p > 0.2). There was a difference in the time between the maximum angular velocity of the thigh and the maximum angular velocity of the shank (p < 0.05). From this result we suggested that skilled kickers are distinguished from less skilled kickers based on the timing of the critical events not the magnitude of critical events.
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Yungtum, William. "Evaluating Risk of Injury to the Lower Extremity in Collegiate Football Athletes using Clinical Screening Tools and BMI". University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1430323867.
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Millar, John Samuel. "Kinematics of drop punt kicking in Australian rules football - comparison of skilled and less skilled kicking". Thesis, full-text, 2004. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/2026/.
Texto completoResumen
The types of kick that are performed in the football codes fall into two broad categories: punt kick and place kick. One type of punt kick is the major means of ball movement in Australian Rules football – the drop punt kick.
Past studies have investigated the biomechanics of kicking. The pattern of segmental interaction during the kicking motion – known as the proximal to distal sequence (PDS) – is the most consistent finding that is reported in the biomechanics of kicking literature. In this sequence the proximal segment (thigh) initiates the forward swing of the kicking limb towards the ball and the forward rotation of the distal segment (shank) follows. PDS motions are also typified by a higher angular velocity of the distal segment (shank). Studies that have compared the difference between skilled and less skilled kickers in Australian Rules football have found that the difference in performance is the result of 1) the position of the shank at the end of the backswing is higher above horizontal (further in the clockwise direction) for the skilled than it is for the less skilled, 2) the maximum angular velocity of the thigh during the forward swing is greater for the skilled than it is for the less skilled and 3) the skilled kickers demonstrate greater mean maximum angular velocity of the shank at foot – ball contact. Apart from these findings there is inadequate information about the mechanical features of a skillful drop punt kick. The objective of this study was to quantify and compare the kinematics of skilled and less skilled kicking. A general profile of the drop punt kick and the reliability of the kinematic variables were also reported. The reliability study was conducted first. Six subjects were tested on two occasions to establish the reliability of the equipment and methods. Variables were deemed to be reliable if they demonstrated an ICC equal or greater than r = 0.80. Of the 95 variables that were analysed 42% had an ICC greater than r = 0.79 and 25% were classified as having questionable to moderate reliability because r = 0.50 – 0.79. Only reliable variables were used to compare the skilled and less skilled groups.
Six elite skilled kickers and six elite less skilled kickers were used in the main study. All subjects used were AFL players at the time of the data collection. Two-dimensional video footage was taken of each kick using a high speed camera (200Hz). The camera was positioned so that its line of sight was perpendicular to the sagittal plane of motion. The video footage of each trial was processed through the Peak Motus motion analysis system.
The start of the kicking motion was identified by the maximum cw angle of the thigh. The time of foot – ball contact was the end of the motion. There were two phases that were identified during this time; transition and forward swing. The duration of each was 50% of movement time. The results of the current study showed that the skilled kickers held the ankle in a more plantarflexed position than did the less skilled kickers (skilled 46.7 degrees, less skilled 39.21 degrees, r = 0.70, ES = – 1.06, p = .071) at the time of foot – ball contact. This result indicates that a common trait amongst skilled kickers is the presence of a taut instep at foot – ball contact. This is one trait of skilled kickers that is often referred to by skills coaches within the AFL.
The maximum angular velocity of the shank (1402 degrees/second) was higher than that of the thigh (805 degrees/second). The mean knee extension angle at foot – ball contact was 50 degrees and the maximum knee extension angle occurred after foot – ball contact (150% movement time). There was no difference between groups in the magnitude of the angles or angular velocities (p > 0.2). There was a difference in the time between the maximum angular velocity of the thigh and the maximum angular velocity of the shank (p < 0.05). From this result we suggested that skilled kickers are distinguished from less skilled kickers based on the timing of the critical events not the magnitude of critical events.
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Cannon, Michael-John. "The impact of clothing and protective gear on biophysical, physiological, perceptual and performance responses of rugby players during a simulated rugby protocol". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005202.
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Background: Clothing and protective gear worn during intermittent exercise has shown to increase physiological and perceptual responses, and negatively impact performance capacities, due to increased heat strain, suggested to hasten the onset of fatigue. However, the mechanisms of fatigue experienced in rugby remain unclear. Objectives: The aim of this study was establish whether clothing and protective gear worn during a simulated rugby protocol impacts players‘ biophysical, physiological, perceptual and performance responses. Methods: 15 registered university and school first XV rugby players with a mean (± SD) age of 20.9 years (± 1.9) volunteered to participate in the study. Testing was performed in a controlled laboratory setting, with temperatures having to be within the range of 16º C-22º C. The mean (± SD) ambient temperature was 17.6º C (± 1.6) for the control condition and 17.3º C (1.5) for the experimental condition. The mean (± SD) relative humidity was 65.2 % (± 9.5) for the control condition and 66.3 % (± 10.0) for the experimental condition. Player‘s performed two protocols of 80-minutes; a control condition (minimal clothing and protective gear) and an experimental condition (full clothing and protective gear). Physiological, perceptual and performance responses were measured at set intervals during the protocol, while biophysical responses were measured pre-, at half-time and post-protocol during a 3-minute EMG treadmill protocol. Results: Muscle activity significantly (p< 0.05) increased with increasing running speeds. There were no significant (p> 0.05) differences for muscle activity between conditions, except for the semitendinosus muscle, which was significantly (p< 0.05) higher during the control condition while running at high speeds. Players‘ heart rates, core temperatures and perceptual responses were significantly (p< 0.05) higher during the experimental condition, compared to the control condition. Performance responses were significantly (p< 0.05) lower during the experimental condition. Conclusion: The main driver of physiological and perceptual responses was the exercise itself. However, the additional clothing and protective gear exacerbated the responses, particularly towards the end stages of the protocol. This negatively impacted players‘ performance. Muscle activity appeared to be unaffected by increased body temperatures. However, core temperatures never reached critically high levels during either condition.
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Boerem, David L. "Peak isokinetic torque of knee flexors and extensor muscles of college football players". Scholarly Commons, 1987. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/499.
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The problem of the study addressed knee injuries in college football. Imbalance of the musculature surrounding the knee would predispose the athlete to knee injury. Recognition of those who have muscular deficiencies would be a primary way of preventing knee injuries. The focus of the study was to determine if there was a significant difference in peak isokinetic torque of knee flexor and extensor muscles across speeds (60 degrees/second, 180 degrees/ second and 300 degrees/second) of a college football team subsequent to participation in a spring football season.
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Curran, Kathryn Michelle. "Understanding the barriers to, and impact of, men's engagement in physical activity and health related behaviours : an examination of an English Premier League football in the community men's health programme". Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.604324.
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This thesis outlines research undertaken by formal collaboration between Everton Football Club's Football in the Community (FitC) scheme; Everton in the Community (FitC) and Liverpool John Moores University, School of Sport and Exercise Sciences. In recent years, there has been recognition of the influence that English Premier league (EPL) football clubs can have in attracting men to physical activity and health engagement programmes. Despite attempts to align FitC programmes with suitable evaluation procedures, there still remains limited evaluative empirical evidence. '. Study 1 adopted ethnographic principles to explore the effectiveness of, and identify the barriers to, promoting positive health behaviours and messages to male football fans at an EPL football stadium on match days. Results showed that in general, men did not wish to engage in health related behaviours on match days however approaches that did not impose on, nor contaminate, the men's match day experience were more successful. Study 2 adopted a multi-method approach to explore the distinct barriers that hard-to-reach (HTR) male populations encounter when attempting to commit to regular participation in physical activity and health behaviours and to examine the impact of engaging in a 12 week FitC intervention. Economic, environmental and social barriers to engagement in regular physical activity and positive health behaviours are highlighted and specific biopsychosocial effects of engaging in the FitC programme are identified. Study 3 utilised informal semi structured interviews with programme participants to explore the contextual, environmental and psychosocial barriers experienced by men from HTR populations. Psychosocial motivations for programme uptake and the impact of regular engagement in the FitC men's health programme are discussed. It is recommended that commissioning agencies should endorse and fund men's health initiatives delivered in and by professional sports clubs. To maintain participant engagement and maximise improvements to men's health and wellbeing, alterations to current practice and research are discussed.
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Greene, Amanda, Kason M. O'Neil, Gary Lhotsky y Kylie Russell. "Exploring a New Division I Football Program on a University Campus: an Application of Collaborative Action Research in Sport Management". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4021.
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Bitilis, Pavlos. "Electronic Performance And Tracking Systems (EPTS) : Perceptions, Benefits and Challenges of Professional Football Athletes and Training Staff". Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för informatik (IK), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-106888.
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Personal Informatics (PI) are information systems that allow people to process activities with the usage of information technology, aiming to produce informational products (data) either for themselves or for others. Technologies that enable PI are becoming increasingly popular, assisting people in collecting personally relevant information about their body and their behaviour. In sports industry nowadays, a great variety of PI wearable tools offer support to athletes and training staff to improve their performance. An example of such tool is the Electronic Performance and Tracking Systems (EPTS), which are a combination of hardware and software that facilitates the collection, storage, analysis and management of professional athletes’ fitness and health data. Although significant and broadly used, EPTS have not yet received much attention from researchers and, thus, understudied. Therefore, the master’s thesis explores the perceptions of professional football athletes and training staff regarding the use of EPTS in their everyday training and work. Furthermore, the master’s thesis research explores the benefits and challenges that professional football athletes and training staff experience when using EPTS in their everyday training and work. The master’s thesis study adopts the interpretive paradigm and qualitative ethnographic approach. The research data was collectedthrough direct observations in the field and semi-structured interviews from Greek professional football athletes and Greek training staff that use wearable EPTS in their everyday training and work and was analysed thematically. A theoretical framework, which is built upon relevant literature from the informatics field and along with the theory of sensemaking, is used to understand, interpret and discuss the research findings. The research outcome of the master’s thesis shows that communication is at the core of EPTS enabling football players and training staff to improve individual and team performance. Organizing of every day starts and ends with EPTS analysis and evaluation and better organized and daily evaluated football methodology appears as key benefit for the club. Coaches and trainers are now more data driven and accurate and analysts and trainers that conduct analysisof the data provided by EPTS are new members of the training staff. Evidence provided by EPTS build trust between staff and players and in the training staff. Visualization tools for presenting insights need to be further improved with the addition of in-field monitors and 3D presentations. Furthermore, it is important for training staff members to have ethical and consistent strategy on how data derived from EPTS are used on how data are communicated. The research complements previous research on personal informatics and adjusts them to elite team sport context and adds to the theory of sensemaking regarding how users make sense of PI tools that are related with their everyday routines at work. In addition, it offers football training staff members a model for efficient use of EPTS technology into the everyday football practices and a model of sustainable use aiming the overall improvement of team performance.
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Sandwall, Daniel. "Fotboll i gymnasieskolan : Gymnasieelevers upplevda livssituation och utveckling på NIU-fotboll". Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap (from 2013), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-43422.
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Bakgrund: Mer eller mindre idrott i skolan är en stor debatt som delar Sverige. Studier visar på att daglig fysisk aktivitet under skoltid förbättrar betygen hos eleverna samt att trivseln ökar. Vad händer om det blir för mycket idrott? Bra? Dåligt? Syfte: Syftet med studien är att undersöka elevers upplevda hälsa, motivation och utveckling under tiden på ett NIU-gymnasium. Hur påverkar mängden träning skolan, idrotten och fritiden? Metod: Metoden som har valts i denna studie är en kvalitativ ansats där fem semistrukturerade fokusgruppintervjuer utfördes, samt en semistrukturerad intervju. Elva flickor och elva pojkar deltog i studien från årkurs ett och årskurs på tre olika NIU-fotbollsgymnasier. Resultat: Resultatet visade att mängden träning som blev i början av tiden på NIU-fotboll var ovan för många. De blev ofta sjuka/skadade i början av gymnasietiden. Eleverna prioriterade i de flesta fall fotbollen före skolan. Eleverna var överrens om att alla hade utvecklats och ett större fotbollsmässigt register, många hade även fått en annan bild av fotbollen. Diskussion: Under elevers första tid på NIU borde lärarna/tränarna prioritera föreläsningar om kost och återhämtning istället för tre träningspass i veckan på skoltid. Öka träningsmängden successivt och låt eleverna komma in i gymnasieskolans värld. Borde allt detta flyttas upp på akademisk nivå istället (universitet/högskola)?More or less sport in schools is a big debate that divides Sweden. Studies show that daily physical activity during school hours improves the grades of the students and also increase satisfaction of the students’. What happens if there is too much sport? Good? Bad? The purpose of the study is to examine students' perceived health, motivation and development over time of the NIU football. How the amount of training does affects school, sport and leisure time? The method that was chosen in this study is a qualitative approach where five semi-structured focus group interviews were conducted, and one semi-structured interview. Eleven girls and eleven boys participated in the study from grade one and grade three on three different nationally approved sports programs in upper secondary school (NIU). The results showed that the amount of training that became in the beginning of the time of the NIU-football was above many. They often became sick / injured early in upper secondary school. Students’ priority in most cases football before school. Students were agreed that all had been developed and a major in terms of football records, many had also received another image of football. During the students' first time at NIU teachers / coaches should prioritize lectures on nutrition and recovery instead of three sessions a week during school hours. Increase the amount of exercise gradually and let the students enter secondary school world. Should all this be moved up to the academic level instead (university / college)?
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Cheng, Vanessa Wan Sze. "Developing and evaluating MindMax: promoting mental wellbeing through an Australian Football League-themed app incorporating applied games (including gamification), psychoeducation, and social connectedness". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/21667.
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Gamification is increasingly being used as a behavioural change strategy to increase engagement with apps and technologies for mental health and wellbeing. While there is promising evidence supporting the effectiveness of individual gamification elements, there remains little evidence for its overall effectiveness. Furthermore, a lack of consistency in how ‘gamification’ and related terms (such as ‘applied games’, an umbrella term of which gamification is one type) are used has been observed within and across multiple academic fields. This contributes to the difficulty of studying gamification and decreases its accessibility to people unfamiliar with applied games. Finally, gamification has also been critiqued by both game developers and by academics for its reliance on extrinsic motivators and for the messages that gamified systems may unintentionally convey. In this context, the aims of this thesis were fourfold: 1) to iteratively co-design and develop a gamified app for mental health and wellbeing, 2) to evaluate the eventuating app, 3) to consolidate literature on gamification for mental health and wellbeing, and 4) to synthesise findings into practical guidelines for implementing gamification for mental health and wellbeing. Chapter 2 reports the first study which addresses the first aim of this thesis. Six participatory design workshops were conducted to support the development of MindMax, an Australian Football League (AFL)-themed mobile phone app aimed at AFL fans (particularly male ones) that incorporates applied games, psychoeducation, and social connectedness. Findings from these workshops were independently knowledge translated and fed back to the software development team, resulting in a MindMax prototype. This prototype was further tested with 15 one-on-one user experience testing interviews at three separate time points to iteratively refine MindMax’s design and delivery of its content. The findings of this study suggest that broadly, participants endorsed a customisable user experience with activities requiring active user participation. These specifications were reflected in the continual software updates made to MindMax. Chapters 3 and 4 report the second and third studies which address the second aim of this thesis. As regular content, performance, and aesthetic updates were applied to MindMax (following the model of the wider tech industry), a naturalistic longitudinal trial, described in Chapter 3, was deemed to be the most appropriate systematic evaluation method. In this study, participants (n=313) were given access to MindMax and asked to use it at their leisure, and surveys were sent out at multiple time points to assess their wellbeing, resilience, and help-seeking intentions. Increases in flourishing (60-day only), sense of connection to MindMax, and impersonal help-seeking intentions were observed over 30 and 60 days, suggesting that Internet-based interventions like MindMax can contribute to their users’ social connectedness and encourage their help-seeking. The third study, described in Chapter 4, reports a secondary analysis of data collected for Chapter 3, and further explores participants’ help-seeking intentions and their links to wellbeing, resilience, gender, and age. An explanatory factor analysis was conducted on Day 1 General Help-Seeking Questionnaire (GHSQ) data (n=530), with the best fitting solution resulting in three factors: personal sources, health professionals, and distal sources. In addition to providing more evidence that younger people aged 16–35 categorise apps and technologies for mental health and wellbeing like MindMax alongside other distal social sources such as phone helplines and work or school, our findings also suggest that the best way to target individuals who are least likely to seek help, particularly men, may be through these distal sources as well. Chapter 5 reports the fourth study, which addresses the third aim. In order to consolidate literature on gamification for mental health and wellbeing, this systematic review identified 70 papers that collectively reported on 50 apps and technologies for improving mental health and wellbeing. These papers were coded for gamification element, mental health and wellbeing domain, and researchers’ justification for applying gamification to improving mental health and wellbeing. This study resulted in two major findings: first, that the current application of gamification for mental health and wellbeing does not resemble the heavily critiqued mainstream application that relies on extrinsic motivators; and second, that many authors of the reviewed papers provided little or no justification for why they applied gamification to their mental health and wellbeing interventions. While the former finding is encouraging, the latter suggests that the gamification of mental health and wellbeing is not theory-driven, and is a cause for concern. Finally, to address the final aim of this thesis, all study learnings were synthesised into practical guidelines for implementing gamification for mental health and wellbeing. First, it is important to assess the suitability of implementing gamification into the intervention. Second, this implementation should ideally be integrated at a deeper, systemic level, with the explicitly qualified intention to support users, evidence-based processes, and user engagement with these processes. Third, it is important to assess the acceptability of this gamified intervention throughout its development, involving all relevant stakeholders (particularly representative end user populations). Fourth, it is important to evaluate the impact of this gamified intervention. Fifth, and finally, comprehensive and detailed documentation of this process should be provided at all stages of this process. This thesis contributes to a growing literature on the increasing importance and relevance of Internet-based resources and apps and technologies for mental health and wellbeing, particularly for young people. Given the dominance of games in society and culture across history, and the increasing contemporary prominence of digital games (also known as video games) in particular, gamification is uniquely positioned to have the potential to make large contributions to mental health and wellbeing research. In this context, this thesis contributes a systematically derived operationalisation of gamification, an evaluation of a gamified app for mental health and wellbeing, and best practice guidelines for implementing gamification for mental health and wellbeing, thereby providing frameworks that future implementations of gamified mental health and wellbeing interventions and initiatives may find useful.
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Greene, Amanda, Kason O’Neil, Kylie Russell y Brian Johnston. "Buying in: Analyzing the First Fan Adopters of a New National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I Football Program". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4044.
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Establishing a strong fan base within the inaugural year of a National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I Football Program presents many challenges. Tracking consumers and their behavior becomes imperative as sport marketers seek to better understand the first fan adopters of a new program. With new NCAA football programs being established every year, sport marketers of a new program are challenged to not only find a loyal fan-base who will continue to support the program despite win or lose, but find new and innovative ways to grow their fan base. The purpose of this study was to examine attendance demographics and consumer behavior for the inaugural football season at a NCAA Division 1 program. Data were collected (n = 914) from a relatively equal distribution of fan groups (students- 34.8%, alumni- 32.9%, and other- 32.3%) via an in-person survey completed on a tablet interface. Results demonstrate that the level of fandom (temporary, devoted, or fanatic) impacts certain consumer behaviors, including; overall support of the program, media consumption, and game day behaviors.
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Gwacham, Nnamdi I. "Acute Effects of AdvoCare Spark® Energy Drink on Repeated Sprint Performance and Anaerobic Power in NCAA Division I Football Players". DigitalCommons@USU, 2011. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/1055.
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Consumption of supplements and energy drinks is common among athletes; however, there is a lack of research on the efficacy of energy drink consumption before and during short-duration, intense exercise. The purpose of this research was to investigate the acute effects of a low-calorie, caffeine-taurine, energy drink (AdvoCare Spark®) on repeated sprint performance and anaerobic power in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I football players. Twenty well-trained Division I football players (age: 19.7 ± 1.8 years, height: 184.9 ± 5.3 cm, weight: 100.3 ± 21.7 kg) participated in a double-blind, randomized crossover study in which they received the energy drink or an isoenergetic, isovolumetric, noncaffeinated placebo. The two trials were separated by 7 days. The Running Based Anaerobic Sprint Test (RAST), consisting of six 35-m sprints with 10 s of rest between each sprint, was used to assess anaerobic power. Sprint times were recorded with an automatic electronic timer. On average, there iv was no statistically significant difference between the placebo (15.06 ± 3.80 W·s-1) and beverage (15.3 ± 4.18 W·s-1) measurements of fatigue index. Neither were there statistically significant main effects of the beverage treatment on power F(1, 18) = 3.84, p = 0.066; or sprint time F(1, 18) = 3.06, p = 0.097. However, there was a significant interaction effect between caffeine use and the beverage for sprint times (F = 4.62, p = 0.045), as well as for anaerobic power (F = 5.40, p = 0.032), indicating a confounding effect. In conclusion, a caffeine-taurine energy drink did not improve the sprint performance or the anaerobic power of collegiate football players, but the level of caffeine use by the athletes likely influenced the effect of the drink.
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Szabo, Kenneth A. "THE CURRENT STATE OF HIGH SCHOOL FOOTBALL STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING ACCORDING TO OHIO HIGH SCHOOL ATHLETIC DIRECTORS". University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1501622891057784.
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Greene, Amanda, Kason O’Neil y Gary Lhotksy. "Exploring a New Division 1 Football Program on a University Campus: An Application of Collaborative Action Research in Higher Education". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4047.
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Purpose This paper is an account of collaborative action-based research that centered on a new NCAA Division I football program at a regional southeastern university, and the positive impacts the collaboration had on the multiple stakeholders involved in the research, which were the university’s sport management faculty, the athletic department, and sport management students. The paper aims to discuss these issues.
Design/methodology/approach During the action research, these stakeholders moved through a cyclical process that involved reflection, planning, action, and evaluation. Through the action-based cyclical process that was utilized, each of these stakeholders were able to learn, adapt, participate, and make positive change.
Findings Positive change occurred with the athletic department’s marketing efforts and game day operations, opportunities for sport management students to participate and learn, and development of relationships between two departments.
Research limitations/implications The cyclical nature of this research model often leads to original hypotheses and research foci to be highly altered during various stages. Another limitation within collaborative action research can be the breakdown in communication among the many parties involved in carrying out this type of research.
Practical implications While the significance of this study was initially to capture fan information surrounding a new NCAA Division I football program, the stakeholders quickly realized that the action-based research study had more to offer than producing marketing reports for the university athletic department. Inclusion of the students as equal stakeholders in this project proved vital to student learning and involvement. Having the students play such an important role throughout each cycle of the project allowed for additional networking outside the classrooms with potential employers, as well as in-depth discussions and involvement in the classroom when synthesizing and disseminating the marketing information that had been gathered.
Originality/value The collaboration between two separate departments within a higher education institution was vital to the overall success of the research project. The overall intent of this paper is to provide a practical approach to collaboration among individuals working in different departments of an organization, as the findings from this research project revealed the overall success of the project was only possible through the collaborative effort and joining resources, abilities, areas of expertise, and capabilities.
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Epps, Susan Bramlett. "Professionalism & Communicating with Faculty". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2562.
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Hissey, Stephen. "Comparison Of The Physical, Physiological And Perceptual Demands Of Small-Sided Games And Match Play In Professional Football Players". Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2014. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1423.
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The physical and technical requirements of a range of small-sided football (soccer) games (SSGs) have previously been examined in order to compare their requirements to competitive match play. SSGs are used to combine the technical, tactical and physical components of normal match play in training in order to make the training sessions specific to football. However, most previous research has focused on youth players and it is known that the playing patterns, and thus session outcomes, are different for elite players. Consequently, research examining elite players is required in order to improve our understanding of the use of SSGs in professional football. The present body of research was implemented to investigate the physical, physiological and perceptual demands of SSGs (3v3 [i.e. three players on each of two teams], 6v6 and 8v8) over an entire season’s training and compare these demands to match play in twenty-three players of different playing position from an Australian A-League club. During match play the team adopted a modern 1-4-2-3-1 formation. The physical comparison included the following measurements: total distance (m), distance covered in high velocity running (speed > 4.16 m·s-1), total sprint distance (where speed > 6.93 m·s-1), number of repeated sprints efforts (≥3 sprints with <30-s inter-sprint recoveries), number of sub-maximal accelerations (acceleration > 1.79 m·s-2) and number of maximal accelerations (acceleration > 2.79 m·s-2). These were measured with the use of Global Positioning Systems. The physiological load was characterised as the mean heart rate expressed as a percentage of maximum heart rate (% HRmax), measured using heart rate monitors. Perceptual comparisons were made using each player’s Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) using the modified Foster model (0-10 scale). Significant differences were found among SSGs and match play in regards to physical variables, with SSGs eliciting a greater physical demand on players when compared to match play, for all variables except sprint distances. Furthermore, there were numerous large and moderate effect sizes discovered among playing positions, with wide midfielders and fullbacks typically producing the greatest number of high velocity runs, covering greater sprint distances and performing more repeated sprint efforts (RSE) during SSGs and match play. Central midfielders were found to cover the greater total distance and perform more sub-maximal accelerations, which would suggest they cover the greatest amount of distance at a moderate intensity. Finally, it was found that SSGs play a vital role in position specific training in football (with the addition of goalkeepers) and suggests that the demands on players are relative to match play. Although, additional drills are required to perform a greater number of high intensity efforts.
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Castor, Thomas Scott. "Presidents’ Perceptions of Alcohol Policies for College Sporting Events". University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1596800259420003.
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Lord, Cameron. "Lower Limb Fatigue Asymmetry of Preferred and Non-Preferred Legs after a Repeated-Sprint Test in Football Players with Previous Hamstring Injury". Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2014. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1421.
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Football is the most widely played sport in the world and is thus associated with the highest total number of injuries of all sports. 12% of all football injuries are to the hamstrings, as this muscle group is subjected to constant stress during training and match play performance (Ekstrand, Hägglund, Waldén, 2011; Woods, Hawkins, Maltby, Hulse, Thomas & Hodson, 2004). While the influence of limb dominance has been extensively examined as a risk factor for injury in upper limb-dominant sports (e.g. badminton, tennis and baseball), little research has focussed on the dominance in the lower limbs. Since almost all footballers show a limb preference for kicking, an example of limb dominance, it is possible to speculate that limb-specific injury rates will vary between preferred and non-preferred legs (Brophy, Silvers, Gonzales and Mandelbaum, 2010). Previous research has also shown that injury rates increase with the accumulation of fatigue, and that inter-limb force production variation increases as fatigue progresses. Thus, the possibility exists that increases in inter-limb force production variability after fatiguing exercise would increase injury risk in football players. The purpose of the present research, therefore, was to examine changes in muscle force production and fatigue between preferred and non-preferred legs in football players with and without a history of unilateral hamstring injury (in the preferred kicking leg). In the single leg vertical jump, peak jump force of the preferred leg in the injured group changed by -12% whilst force in the non-preferred leg changed by -5%. Force in the non-injured preferred leg changed by -6% and changed by -8% in the non-preferred leg. These results indicate a clear difference in fatigue response between groups, and that the inter-limb difference in force production is greater in the preferred leg of the injured group. Decline in hamstring torque in the preferred leg of the injured group changed by 98%, and the non-preferred leg changed by 67%. While in the non-injured group, decline in hamstring torque changed by 219% and 852% respectively. The greater changes observed in the non-injured group was due to minimal fatigue before the fatigue condition (repeated-sprint test). The injured group had a greater fatigue response both before and after the fatigue condition (26.1±18.4 to 51.7±20.9 N preferred leg and 11.6±8.94 to 19.4±20.5 N non-preferred leg) suggesting previous injury has a different effect on fatigue response. Horizontal force production during the repeated-sprint test changed by -14% in the preferred kicking leg and -3% in the non-preferred leg (injured group). This represents the preferred kicking leg having a greater fatigue response. In conclusion, the present study has provided a foundation for comparing the injured and non-injured group and the preferred and non-preferred kicking legs during a single leg vertical jump, isokinetic endurance test and repeated-sprint test. These tests provided evidence that the non-preferred leg had greater force production, the preferred leg had greater fatigue response, and the inter-limb difference in force production after fatigue was greater in the injured group. It can be assumed that the preferred kicking leg of the injured group being the previously injured leg has attributed to these results. These results highlights the need for future research to further understanding of the differences in preferred and non-preferred kicking legs, why they occur, and the influence they have on injury
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Pringle, Alan. ""I must be mad to watch this lot" : a qualitative study examining the effect that supporting a small, local football club has on the mental health of supporters". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2008. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11854/.
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This study examines the effect that supporting a football team and attending their matches can have on the mental health of the supporters. The examination of the interplay between supporting a team and developing and maintaining some of the conditions needed to maintain good mental health is developed along three main themes. Firstly ideas around a sense of belonging, inclusion, group membership and the impact that such issues have on a person's mental health are investigated. Although supporters, in general, are not prioritised in research about sport, literature from sociology, psychology, sports and mental health areas all suggest that the inclusive nature of the supporting experience can impact positively on the supporters involved. Most of the work done in this field, however, has focused on North American sports such as basketball, baseball and ice hockey. This study explored whether the same impact was actually found in the supporters of English lower league association football. Part of this area of the study addressed the importance that ritual behaviour played in the development of a sense of identity and belonging in the group setting. The second area for exploration, specifically linked to mental health, focuses on the importance of developing and sustaining good relationships and the impact this has on a person's mental health. In a time where much is made of the apparent decrease in the amount of time, and, more importantly, the quality of time spent, between family members (especially parents and children) the study looks at the role of supporting a team in the development of parent child relationships and how the football supporting experience offers opportunities for family members to spend time together. The most prominent of these relationships is the relationship between fathers and sons and the study looks at how football supporting may offer opportunities to develop relationships with specific "ring fenced" time together in an activity that both may be involved with throughout a whole lifetime. The final major theme to develop is around the question of catharsis. Although a disputed concept academically, the idea of cathartic externalisation of emotion is a prominent feature in the data collected. Ventilation of emotion through cathartic behaviours is seen as important by fans in terms of their mental health. Many fans described a conscious system of coping wherein the stresses they accumulated from their day to day lives at home, and at work, are "carried" until the match then vented in the safe environment of the stadium. Fans suggest that the live element of the experience heightens the intensity of the experience as opposed to an experience, such as theatre or cinema, where the outcome of an event is predetermined. Participants in this study are all supporters of Mansfield Town FC and self selected for the study in response to an article on the Mansfield Town FC website and to Radio and TV coverage of the project. The study uses a grounded theory method for collecting and analysing data. In a two stage process diaries were used to collect data from fans and these were analysed with the help of the Nvivo software package to identify recurring themes. These themes formed the foundation of the interview schedule used for data collection in the second phase of the process. The interviews were also analysed with the help of Nvivo and the Grounded Theory steps of open coding and axial coding described by Glaser and Strauss (1967) and Strauss and Corbin (1990) were used to develop a core theory. The main findings reflected the themes outlined above of belonging, relationships and catharsis. Analysis of the data suggests that the identification of the fan with the club, and the identity of the club as part of a local community, helps fans feel part of something bigger than themselves and this generates a sense of belonging, security and warmth. Exploration of the role of relationships in supporters' behaviour suggests that most of the fan' early experiences of being taken to a match were with their fathers and were resonant with a feeling of being old enough to enjoy and appreciate the game and of having some clearly defined time with their fathers which was sacrosanct and expected. This was time which was set aside with a definite purpose and involved a shared experience which was guaranteed to generate interaction and conversation between parent and child on a subject about which each could have a view and exchange an idea. The development of lifelong friendships that cut across age, social background and culture also feature in this area of the research. The text discusses the findings and suggests ways in which the experiences described by the fans, and the resulting impact on them, might be used in a mental health context to help promote better mental health. It makes recommendations about the use of football in general, and football clubs specifically, for this purpose. The study concludes that if the behaviours, thoughts and feelings associated with supporting do offer the benefits outlined in the diaries and interviews used for data collection then it may well be that football clubs, from large superclubs like Manchester United to small local clubs like Mansfield Town, can have a part to play in the maintaining of and promotion of mental health within communities.
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Eriksson, Nathalie. "Damfotbollsspelares kostintag under 24 timmar retroperspektiv intervjustudie : En tvärsnittundersökning". Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för arbets- och folkhälsovetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-23502.
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Syftet med studien var att undersöka kostintaget hos amatördamfotbollsspelare i division 2, 3 och 5 i mellersta Sverige. Studien är en deskriptiv, empirisk tvärsnittsstudie med kvantitativ ansats. Datainsamlingen bestod av 24 h recall intervjuer och en enkät med bakgrundsinformation om deltagaren. Deltagarnas genomsnittliga kaloriintag beräknades med hjälp av programmet Dietist Net Pro till 1979 kilokalorier/dag utifrån medianvärde, att jämföra med det genomsnittliga rekommenderade dagliga intaget som beräknades till 2137 kcal, (även detta utifrån medianvärdet). Det låga energiintaget bidrog även till att deltagarna inte nådde upp i RDI för järn, folat, vitamin D, kalcium, magnesium och kolhydrater. Det var 19 deltagare som åt mer än genomsnittet av kilokalorier och 21 deltagare som åt under genomsnittskalorierna. Inga statistiska signifikanta skillnader i energi- eller näringsintag kunde påvisas mellan deltagare i olika divisioner eller åldersgrupper. Damfotbollsspelarna i denna studie visade sig äta för lite energi utifrån sitt energibehov, vilket potentiellt kan bidra till näringsbrister, specifikt fråga om järn, folat, vitamin D, kalcium, magnesium och kolhydrater. Detta riskerar leda till försämrad prestationsförmåga vid träning och match, försämrad allmän hälsa och återhämtningen, nedbrytning av kroppen kan förekomma och vardagsorken kan försämras med ett otillräckligt energiintag i relation till träningsfrekvens, intensitet och duration. Denna studie kan vara ett första steg inom Sverige för att förstå att kost och träning är viktiga komponenter för att kunna prestera och orka med längre stunder av ansträngning.The aim of the study was to examine the dietary intake of female amateur football players in the division 2, 3 and 5 in the middle part of Sweden. The study is a descriptive, cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach. Data collection consisted of 24 hour recall interviews and a questionnaire with background information about the participant. The participants consisted of 40 female football players from divisions 2, 3 and 5. The participants' average calorie intake was estimated using the program Dietist Net Pro 1979 kilocalories (kcal)/day, compared with the average recommended daily allowance (RDA), which was estimated at 2137 kcal. The low energy consumption contributed to the participants' inability to meet the RDA for iron, folate, vitamin D, calcium, magnesium and carbohydrates. There were 19 participants who ate more than the average amount of energy and 21 participants who ate below the average amount of calories. No statistically significant differences in energy or nutrient intake could be established between the participants in different divisions or age groups. Female football players in this study were found to eat too little energy (food) on the basis of their energy needs, which may potentially contribute to nutritional deficiencies, specifically in iron, folate, vitamin D, calcium, magnesium and carbohydrates. Deficiencies in these nutrients may lead to impaired performance in training and matches, impaired general health and recovery, and to a break-down of body tissues for energy.
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Lee, Erika K. "Neurocognitive, Postural Stability, and Health-Related Quality of Life Deficits in Secondary School Athletes Without a Clinically Diagnosed Sport-Related Concussion". Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1492010076254577.
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Kraska, Jenna M., Ann M. Kinser, Corey B. Whitted, Jon Keller, Michael W. Ramsey, G. Gregory Haff, William A. Sands, Margaret E. Stone y Michael H. Stone. "Relationship of Isometric Peak Force and Rate of Force Development to Coaches Rank, Agility, and Agility Endurance Charactristics Among Female American Collegiate Football (Soccer) Players". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2007. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4097.
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Pop-Gorea, Paul. "Integration och gemenskap genom nattfotboll : En intervjustudie av deltagares syn på nattfotboll". Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap (from 2013), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-75877.
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Sammanfattning Tidigare studier tyder på positiva reaktioner hos olika typer av sociala integrationsprojekt med sociokulturella och sportliga teman, både nationellt och internationellt (Lindencrona, Ekblad & Blight, 2005). Denna uppsats är en kvalitativ studie som bygger på fem intervjuer med sex olika fotbollsintresserade ungdomar som har deltagit i nattfotboll, som det kallas i Sverige. Syftet med arbetet är att undersöka nattfotbollens betydelse för integration och gemenskap hos ungdomar i det svenska samhället. Eftersom undersökningen fokuserar på studiedeltagares upplevelser har analysens begrepp och teorier valts utifrån respondenternas berättelser. Studien försöker ge svar på frågor om nattfotbollsprocessen kan utvecklas, och i så fall hur, i syfte att den ska bli mer attraktiv för en större grupp av individer över en längre tid. Dessutom försöker uppsatsen visa nattfotbollens betydelse för ungdomar med olika kulturell bakgrund i Sverige, samt hur sambandet mellan nattfotbollen och den sociala integrationen ser ut. Studiedeltagarnas upplevelser av nattfotbollen visar behovet av olika sociala interventioner inriktade på ungdomar och eventuellt deras närstående. Dessa åtgärder, som genom olika idrottsaktiviteter kan underlätta integrationsprocessen hos en större grupp av individer med olika kulturell bakgrund, stämmer även med tidigare forskning. Undersökningsresultat belyser också nattfotbollen som en attraktiv och bekväm miljö, vilken uppfattas att ha avgörande inflytande på integration och gemenskap hos ungdomar i Sverige. Dessutom framgår av resultatet att nattfotbollen erbjuder reella möjligheter för ungdomar till att bygga nätverk och skapa kamratskap utanför hemmiljön. Detta kan i viss mån motverka segregation och utanförskap på grund av kulturella eller socioekonomiska kriterier, något som ligger i linje med andra relevanta studier om social integration och gemenskap.Abstract Previous studies suggest positive reactions in various types of social integration projects with socio-cultural and sporting themes, both nationally and internationally (Lindencrona, Ekblad & Blight, 2005). This essay is a qualitative study based on five interviews with six different football-interested youth who have participated in night football, as it is called in Sweden. The purpose of this work is to investigate the importance of night football for integration and community among young people in Swedish society. As the study focuses on participants' experiences, the analysis uses concepts and theories that can better match the respondents' stories. The study aims to answer questions about whether the night football process can be developed, and if so how, in order to make it more attractive to a larger group of individuals over a longer period of time. In addition, the study tries to show the importance of night football for young people with different cultural backgrounds in Sweden, as well as how the correlation between night football and social integration looks like. Study participants' experiences of night football show the need of diverse social interventions aimed at youth and possibly their relatives. These measures, which through various sports activities can facilitate the integration process of a larger group of individuals with different cultural backgrounds, are also consistent with previous research. Survey results also highlight night football as an attractive and comfortable environment, which is perceived to have a significant influence on integration and community among young people in Sweden. In addition, the results show that night football offers real opportunities for young people to build networks and create friendships outside home environment. This can to some extent counteract segregation and exclusion due to cultural or socio-economic criteria, which is in line with other relevant studies on social inclusion and community.
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Van, hoye Aurélie. "Implémentation et évaluation d'un programme de promotion de la santé au sein de clubs sportifs "Promouvoir l'Activité Physique des Adolescents"". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00949072.
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Implémentation et évaluation d'un programme de promotion de la santé au sein de clubs sportifs : " Promouvoir l'Activité Physique des Adolescents " La pratique sportive est considérée comme bénéfique pour la santé (OMS, 1995). Malgré ce constat, tous les jeunes ne bénéficient pas d'expérience sportive positive. Pour encourager ce type d'expérience, ce travail doctoral est composé de trois parties : (1) une analyse de la contribution du club sportif à la promotion de la santé, (2) l'évaluation des effets et (3) du processus d'implémentation d'une intervention basée sur la théorie de l'autodétermination et la théorie des buts d'accomplissement visant une expérience sportive positive et durable : le programme " Promouvoir l'Activité Physique des Adolescents ". Pour apprécier la contribution du club sportif à la promotion de la santé, 2 études ont été réalisées. La première analyse les représentations de 125 éducateurs des missions et actions de promotion de la santé des clubs sportifs, concluant que le club pourrait être plus actif en termes de politique et de pratiques. La seconde, évaluant la contribution de la pratique sportive pour atteindre les recommandations en termes d'activité physique (AP ; OMS, 2010) auprès de 331 jeunes footballeurs, observe que la pratique sportive semble favoriser la pratique d'AP. L'évaluation des effets de l'intervention a été réalisée à l'aide d'une étude contrôlée randomisée auprès de 617 joueurs (339 du groupe expérimental et 278 du groupe expérimental). Les résultats montrent qu'en comparaison au groupe contrôle, les joueurs entraînés par un éducateur formé ont une évolution plus positive de la perception du climat motivationnel, de la satisfaction du besoin de compétence, de leur motivation autodéterminée, de l'estime de soi, et de moindres intentions et un taux d'abandon plus faible. En contrôlant le niveau au 1er temps de mesure, la formation a un effet sur l'expérience sportive médiatisée complètement par le climat motivationnel qui est partiellement médiatisé par la satisfaction de besoins et la motivation. L'évaluation du processus montre que la formation de formateurs pour délivrer notre intervention est efficace, que l'intervention un taux correct d'implémentation. Le taux d'implémentation individuel est modéré.
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Lewis, Marc Theron. "Athlete Monitoring in American Collegiate Football". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/102738.
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American football is one of the most popular sports in the United States. However, in comparison to other mainstream sports such as soccer and rugby, there is limited literature using scientific principles and theory to examine the most appropriate ways to monitor the sport. This serves as a barrier to American football practitioners in their development and implementation of evidence-based sport preparation programs. Therefore, the primary aim of this line of research (i.e., dissertation) is to illustrate the efficacy of commonly used athlete monitoring tools within the sport of American collegiate football, while proposing a systematic framework to guide the development of an athlete monitoring program. This aim was achieved through a series of studies with the following objectives: 1) to quantify the physical demands of American collegiate football practice by creating physiological movement profiles through the use of integrated microtechnology metrics and heart rate indices, 2) to determine the positional differences in the physical practice demands of American collegiate football athletes, 3) to examine which integrated microtechnology metrics might be used to most efficiently monitor the training load of American collegiate football athletes, 4) to demonstrate the suitability of using the countermovement jump (CMJ) to assess training adaptations in American collegiate football athletes through examining weekly changes in CMJ performance over the course of two 4-week periodized training blocks (8 weeks total), and 5) to examine the effect of acute fatigue on CMJ performance in American football athletes. The first study from this line of research quantified the physical demands of American collegiate football by position groups and found significant differences in both running based and non-running based training load metrics. In addition, the first study utilized a principal component analysis to determine 5 'principal' components that explain approximately 81% of the variance within the data. The second study utilized a univariate analysis and found significant changes in CMJ performance due the effect of time with significant improvements in CMJ 'strategy' variables over the training period. Finally, the third study used effects sizes to illustrate a larger magnitude of change in CMJ 'strategy' variables than CMJ 'output' variables due to effect of acute fatigue. Results from studies 2 and 3 suggest the importance of monitoring CMJ strategy variables when monitoring training adaptations and fatigue in American collegiate football athletes. This line of research provides practitioners with a systematic framework through which they can develop and implement evidence-based sport preparation programs within their own organizational context. In addition, this line of research provides practitioners with recommendations for which metrics to monitor when tracking training load in American collegiate football using integrated microtechnology. Finally, this line of research demonstrates how to assess training adaptations and fatigue using the CMJ within the sport of American collegiate football, while providing an empirical base through which the selection of CMJ variables can take place. Collectively, this line of research uses scientific principles and theory to extend the current literature in American collegiate football, while providing practitioners with a guide to athlete monitoring within the sport.Doctor of Philosophy
American football is one the most popular sports in the United States. Despite its popularity, there is limited research using scientific principles and theories to examine ways to most effectively monitor the sport. Broadly, athlete monitoring refers to the process of providing informational feedback from the athlete to practitioners. This allows practitioners to make decisions informed by data. Therefore, this line of research (i.e. dissertation) aimed to use a variety of commonly used athlete monitoring tools to monitor American collegiate football athletes, while proposing a framework to guide in the development of an athlete monitoring program. This line of research consisted of a series of 3 studies. In study #1, it was found that integrated microtechnology units and heart rate sensors could be used to determine the physical demands of American collegiate football practice, as well as differences in the physical demands of practice by position group. In addition, a set of 5 training load constructs were found through which training load in American collegiate football athletes may be appropriately monitored. In study #2, it was found that countermovement jump (CMJ) strategy variables indicating how the jump occurred may provide more insight into strength and power training adaptations than CMJ output variables that indicate what occurred as a result of the jump in this highly trained athletic population. Finally, in study #3, it was found that CMJ strategy variables may be more sensitive to acute fatigue from a football-specific training session than CMJ output variables in American collegiate football athletes. Collectively, this research suggest that integrated microtechnology units, heart rate sensors, and the CMJ using a force testing platform may be used to monitor American collegiate football athletes. Moreover, this research suggests which variables to utilize when monitoring this population using these tools through the proposed athlete monitoring framework.
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Berry, Melnee. "Academically Resistant Athletes: Victims of ACEs or Commodities of the System". Diss., NSUWorks, 2018. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/shss_dcar_etd/115.
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Fans of college sports embrace the idea of athletes playing sport and, in turn, receiving tuition scholarships that provide them an opportunity to trade athletic talent for a free education. A contradictory body of research using internal colonization theory posits that the trade of education for playing sports is not a fair exchange but is fraught with exploitation that continues to perpetuate subjugation. An accepted narrative in athletic competition is that the recruiting pipeline draws athletes from impoverished inner-city areas engaging young athletes who experience difficulties keeping up scholastically becoming academically resistant as they focus on their sport at the expense of their academics.
Biopsychosocial and developmental neuroscience research recognizes outside social factors as variables that affect the development of the brain, thus influencing basic mechanical operations of specific brain structures. This dissertation breaks new ground by utilization of the 10-question Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Inventory to explore a possible relationship between ACE scores and Academic Resistance (AR), ACE scores and Locus of Control, and ACE scores and Identity Foreclosure.
Using the T-test to determine a relationship between 194 participants’ ACE scores and AR, the findings showed the probability of Type I error of 5%, to be that the AR of student athletes with an ACE score >=2, n=94, to be significantly higher than the AR of student athletes with an ACE
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Judge, Lawrence W., Michael H. Stone y Bruce Craig. "Reconditioning the Postcompetitive Football Lineman: Recognizing the Problem". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4601.
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Recently, the body mass of college football lineman has increased markedly and places them at higher risk for a number of postcompetitive pathogenic chronic health consequences. Recognition of problems associated with oversized athletes is easily accepted intellectually–however, the practicalities of solving the problem have not been fully realized.
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Fernandes, Luís António Coelho. "Football for health: Cardiovascular and physical fitness adaptations to football practice in pre-pubertal male children". Doctoral thesis, 2015. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/79243.
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