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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Foliage emissions"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 4 de junio de 2021

Última modificación: 20 de febrero de 2023

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1

Bunce, Hubert W. F. "Empirical estimates of loss of value in a second growth coniferous forest related to changes in fluoride emissions." Forestry Chronicle 69, no. 1 (February 1, 1993): 71–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc69071-1.

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Empirical values for western hemlock in a forest surrounding an aluminum smelter are given. A reduced rate of growth loss is suggested to relate to a reduction in the level of emission of fluoride from the smelter. From 1971 to 1980, the trees showed reduced growth when emissions were 3.7 tonnes per day and the foliage fluoride content was 74 parts per million (ppm). An emission level of 1.4 tonnes/day produced foliage containing 19 ppm fluoride and no height growth reduction. From 1972 to 1981, 2.6 years of growth on 895 hectares were estimated to be lost which were equal to 26 993 cubic metr

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2

Aalto, J., P. Kolari, P. Hari, V. M. Kerminen, P. Schiestl-Aalto, H. Aaltonen, J. Levula, E. Siivola, M. Kulmala, and J. Bäck. "New foliage growth is a significant, unaccounted source for volatiles in boreal evergreen forests." Biogeosciences Discussions 10, no. 11 (November 21, 2013): 18121–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-10-18121-2013.

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Abstract. Estimates of volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from forests are based on the assumption that foliage has a steady emission potential over its lifetime, and that emissions are mainly modified by short term variations in light and temperature. However, in many field studies this has been challenged, and high emissions and atmospheric concentrations have been measured during periods of low biological activity such as in springtime. We conducted measurements during three years, using an online gas-exchange monitoring system to observe volatile organic emissions from a mature (1 y

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3

Aalto, J., P. Kolari, P. Hari, V. M. Kerminen, P. Schiestl-Aalto, H. Aaltonen, J. Levula, E. Siivola, M. Kulmala, and J. Bäck. "New foliage growth is a significant, unaccounted source for volatiles in boreal evergreen forests." Biogeosciences 11, no. 5 (March 6, 2014): 1331–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-1331-2014.

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Abstract. Estimates of volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from forests are based on the assumption that foliage has a steady emission potential over its lifetime, and that emissions are mainly modified by short-term variations in light and temperature. However, in many field studies this has been challenged, and high emissions and atmospheric concentrations have been measured during periods of low biological activity, such as in springtime. We conducted measurements during three years, using an online gas-exchange monitoring system to observe volatile organic emissions from a mature (1

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4

Vanhatalo, A., T. Chan, J. Aalto, J. F. Korhonen, P. Kolari, T. Hölttä, E. Nikinmaa, and J. Bäck. "Tree water relations trigger monoterpene emissions from Scots pine stem during spring recovery." Biogeosciences Discussions 12, no. 10 (May 22, 2015): 7783–814. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-12-7783-2015.

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Abstract. Tree canopies are known to emit large amounts of VOCs (volatile organic compounds) such as monoterpenes to the surrounding air. The main source for these is considered to be the green biomass, i.e. foliage, but emissions from the woody compartments have not been quantified. A VOC emission anomaly has been observed during transition from winter to summer activity. We analyzed if non-foliar components could partially explain the anomaly. We measured the VOC emissions from Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) stems and shoots during the dehardening phase of trees in field conditions in two

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5

Dehimeche, Nafissa, Bruno Buatois, Nadia Bertin, and Michael Staudt. "Insights into the Intraspecific Variability of the above and Belowground Emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds in Tomato." Molecules 26, no. 1 (January 5, 2021): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26010237.

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The in-vivo monitoring of volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions is a potential non-invasive tool in plant protection, especially in greenhouse cultivation. We studied VOC production from above and belowground organs of the eight parents of the Multi-Parent Advanced Generation Intercross population (MAGIC) tomato population, which exhibits a high genetic variability, in order to obtain more insight into the variability of constitutive VOC emissions from tomato plants under stress-free conditions. Foliage emissions were composed of terpenes, the majority of which were also stored in the leav

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6

Vanhatalo, A., T. Chan, J. Aalto, J. F. Korhonen, P. Kolari, T. Hölttä, E. Nikinmaa, and J. Bäck. "Tree water relations can trigger monoterpene emissions from Scots pine stems during spring recovery." Biogeosciences 12, no. 18 (September 17, 2015): 5353–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-5353-2015.

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Abstract. Tree canopies are known to emit large amounts of VOCs (volatile organic compounds) such as monoterpenes into the surrounding air. High VOC emission rates from boreal forests have been observed during the transition from winter to summer activity. The most important sources of these are considered to be the green foliage, understory vegetation and soil organisms, but emissions from the living stand woody compartments have so far not been quantified. We analyzed whether the non-foliar components could partially explain the springtime high emission rates. We measured the monoterpene emi

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7

Rochester, I., C. Wood, and B. Macdonald. "Quantifying nitrous oxide emissions from the foliage of cotton, maize and soybean crops." Crop and Pasture Science 66, no. 7 (2015): 689. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp14301.

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Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a potent greenhouse gas, contributing to global warming. Most of the N2O emitted from cropping systems is derived from the soil and is closely related to the use of nitrogen (N) fertiliser. However, several reports have shown that small, yet significant, portions of the N2O flux from cropping systems are emitted from the crop foliage. This research aimed to quantify N2O emissions from the foliage of field-grown cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), and included maize (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max L.) for comparison. We also aimed to identify differences in the timing

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8

Canul-Solis, Jorge, María Campos-Navarrete, Angel Piñeiro-Vázquez, Fernando Casanova-Lugo, Marcos Barros-Rodríguez, Alfonso Chay-Canul, José Cárdenas-Medina, and Luis Castillo-Sánchez. "Mitigation of Rumen Methane Emissions with Foliage and Pods of Tropical Trees." Animals 10, no. 5 (May 13, 2020): 843. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10050843.

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Methane produced by enteric fermentation contributes to the emission of greenhouse gases (GHG) into the atmosphere. Methane is one of the GHG resulting from anthropogenic activities with the greater global warming contribution. Ruminant production systems contribute between 18% and 33% of methane emissions. Due to this, there has been growing interest in finding feed alternatives which may help to mitigate methane production in the rumen. The presence of a vast range of secondary metabolites in tropical trees (coumarins, phenols, tannins, and saponins, among others) may be a valuable alternati

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9

Purser, Gemma, Julia Drewer, Mathew R. Heal, Robert A. S. Sircus, Lara K. Dunn, and James I. L. Morison. "Isoprene and monoterpene emissions from alder, aspen and spruce short-rotation forest plantations in the United Kingdom." Biogeosciences 18, no. 8 (April 20, 2021): 2487–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2487-2021.

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Abstract. An expansion of bioenergy has been proposed to help reduce fossil-fuel greenhouse gas emissions, and short-rotation forestry (SRF) can contribute to this expansion. However, SRF plantations could also be sources of biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions, which can impact atmospheric air quality. In this study, emissions of isoprene and 11 monoterpenes from the branches and forest floor of hybrid aspen, Italian alder and Sitka spruce stands in an SRF field trial in central Scotland were measured during two years (2018–2019) and used to derive emission potentials for diffe

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Ashworth, Kirsti, Serena H. Chung, Karena A. McKinney, Ying Liu, J. William Munger, Scot T. Martin, and Allison L. Steiner. "Modelling bidirectional fluxes of methanol and acetaldehyde with the FORCAsT canopy exchange model." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 16, no. 24 (December 15, 2016): 15461–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-15461-2016.

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Abstract. The FORCAsT canopy exchange model was used to investigate the underlying mechanisms governing foliage emissions of methanol and acetaldehyde, two short chain oxygenated volatile organic compounds ubiquitous in the troposphere and known to have strong biogenic sources, at a northern mid-latitude forest site. The explicit representation of the vegetation canopy within the model allowed us to test the hypothesis that stomatal conductance regulates emissions of these compounds to an extent that its influence is observable at the ecosystem scale, a process not currently considered in regi

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11

Templeton, C. W. G., and S. J. Colombo. "A portable system to quantify seedling damage using stress-induced volatile emissions." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 25, no. 4 (April 1, 1995): 682–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x95-075.

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This paper describes a portable gas analysis system that was used to quantify stress-induced ethanol in black spruce (Piceamariana (Mill.) B.S.R). Operationally fall-lifted black spruce seedlings, packaged in polyethylene-lined kraft bags, were placed in a greenhouse to simulate conditions in the field, where stock may be exposed to elevated temperatures. The maximum temperature in the greenhouse was 36 °C, and the duration of heat treatment exposure ranged from 3 h to 7 days. After exposure to the heat stress event, the ethanol concentration in the bags of seedlings was measured using a porta

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12

Harley, P., J. Greenberg, Ü. Niinemets, and A. Guenther. "Environmental controls over methanol emission from leaves." Biogeosciences 4, no. 6 (December 5, 2007): 1083–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-4-1083-2007.

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Abstract. Methanol is found throughout the troposphere, with average concentrations second only to methane among atmospheric hydrocarbons. Proposed global methanol budgets are highly uncertain, but all agree that at least 60% of the total source arises from the terrestrial biosphere and primary emissions from plants. However, the magnitude of these emissions is also highly uncertain, and the environmental factors which control them require further elucidation. Using a temperature-controlled leaf enclosure, we measured methanol emissions from leaves of six plant species by proton transfer react

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13

Harley, P., J. Greenberg, Ü. Niinemets, and A. Guenther. "Environmental controls over methanol emission from leaves." Biogeosciences Discussions 4, no. 4 (August 6, 2007): 2593–640. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-4-2593-2007.

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Abstract. Methanol is found throughout the troposphere, with average concentrations second only to methane among atmospheric hydrocarbons. Proposed global methanol budgets are highly uncertain, but all agree that at least 60% of the total source arises from the terrestrial biosphere and primary emissions from plants. However, the magnitude of these emissions is also highly uncertain, and the environmental factors which control them require further elucidation. Using a temperature-controlled leaf enclosure, we measured methanol emissions from leaves of six plant species by proton transfer react

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14

Jiang, Yifan, Jiayan Ye, Bahtijor Rasulov, and Ülo Niinemets. "Role of Stomatal Conductance in Modifying the Dose Response of Stress-Volatile Emissions in Methyl Jasmonate Treated Leaves of Cucumber (Cucumis Sativa)." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 3 (February 4, 2020): 1018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21031018.

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Treatment by volatile plant hormone methyl jasmonate (MeJA) leads to release of methanol and volatiles of lipoxygenase pathway (LOX volatiles) in a dose-dependent manner, but how the dose dependence is affected by stomatal openness is poorly known. We studied the rapid (0–60 min after treatment) response of stomatal conductance (Gs), net assimilation rate (A), and LOX and methanol emissions to varying MeJA concentrations (0.2–50 mM) in cucumber (Cucumis sativus) leaves with partly open stomata and in leaves with reduced Gs due to drought and darkness. Exposure to MeJA led to initial opening of

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15

Musselman, R. C., P. L. Forsline, and W. J. Kender. "Effects of Sulfur Dioxide and Ambient Ozone on Concord Grapevine Growth and Productivity." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 110, no. 6 (November 1985): 882–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.110.6.882.

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Abstract Three separate experiments were conducted in a mature Vitis labruscana Bailey ‘Concord’ vineyard in New York to determine the response of grapevines to daily, season-long sulfur dioxide (SO2) exposure, or to intermittent SO2 exposure simulating emissions from a 1700 MW coal-fired power plant. There was little SO2-induced necrosis on grape foliage from daily or power plant SO2. However, both treatments in ambient air increased susceptibility of leaves to oxidant stipple injury due to ambient ozone (O3). Daily SO2 increased leaf chlorosis. Power plant SO2 had no effect on vine growth, y

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16

Ángeles-Mayorga, Yesenia, Elmi Roseida Cen-Cen, María Magdalena Crosby-Galván, Jacinto Efrén Ramírez-Bribiesca, Bernardino Candelaria-Martínez, Alfredo Sánchez-Villarreal, and Mónica Ramírez-Mella. "Foliage of Tropical Trees and Shrubs and Their Secondary Metabolites Modify In Vitro Ruminal Fermentation, Methane and Gas Production without a Tight Correlation with the Microbiota." Animals 12, no. 19 (September 30, 2022): 2628. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12192628.

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Ruminants, mainly cattle, contribute to greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions as methane (CH4) is produced by ruminal fermentation. Hence, various anti-methanogenic feed strategies have been studied, including the use of plants with secondary metabolites. This study evaluated in vitro ruminal fermentation metrics, microbial composition by digital droplet PCR (ddPCR) and the CH4 production of the foliage of several tropical trees and shrubs: Leucaena leucocephala, Moringa oleifera, Albizia lebbeck, Enterolobium cyclocarpum, Piscidia piscipula, Brosimum alicastrum, Lysiloma latisiliquum, Guazuma ulmi

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17

de Groot, William J., Chelene C. Hanes, and Yonghe Wang. "Crown fuel consumption in Canadian boreal forest fires." International Journal of Wildland Fire 31, no. 3 (February 28, 2022): 255–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf21049.

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Predictive crown fuel consumption models were developed using empirical data from experimental burning projects. Crown fuel load for foliage, bark, branchwood and stemwood were calculated for live overstorey and understorey trees in each plot using nationally derived tree biomass algorithms. Standing dead tree branchwood and stemwood biomass were similarly calculated. Crown bulk density values were calculated for all non-stemwood fuel components. Factors that affect the initiation and spread of crown fires (live crown base height, foliar moisture content, surface fuel consumption, critical sur

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18

Wang, L., A. Ibrom, J. F. J. Korhonen, K. F. Arnoud Frumau, J. Wu, M. Pihlatie, and J. K. Schjoerring. "Interactions between leaf nitrogen status and longevity in relation to N cycling in three contrasting European forest canopies." Biogeosciences 10, no. 2 (February 13, 2013): 999–1011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-999-2013.

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Abstract. Seasonal and spatial variations in foliar nitrogen (N) parameters were investigated in three European forests with different tree species, viz. beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) growing in Denmark, the Netherlands and Finland, respectively. The objectives were to investigate the distribution of N pools within the canopies of the different forests and to relate this distribution to factors and plant strategies controlling leaf development throughout the seasonal course of a vegetation period. Leaf N pool

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19

Helmig, Detlev, Alex Guenther, Jacques Hueber, Ryan Daly, Wei Wang, Jeong-Hoo Park, Anssi Liikanen, and Arnaud P. Praplan. "Ozone reactivity measurement of biogenic volatile organic compound emissions." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 15, no. 18 (September 26, 2022): 5439–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-5439-2022.

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Abstract. Previous research on atmospheric chemistry in the forest environment has shown that the total reactivity from biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions is not well considered in forest chemistry models. One possible explanation for this discrepancy is the unawareness and neglect of reactive biogenic emissions that have eluded common monitoring methods. This question motivated the development of a total ozone reactivity monitor (TORM) for the direct determination of the reactivity of foliage emissions. Emission samples drawn from a vegetation branch enclosure experiment are

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Popitanu, Corina, Andreea Lupitu, Lucian Copolovici, Simona Bungău, Ülo Niinemets, and Dana Maria Copolovici. "Induced Volatile Emissions, Photosynthetic Characteristics, and Pigment Content in Juglans regia Leaves Infected with the Erineum-Forming Mite Aceria erinea." Forests 12, no. 7 (July 15, 2021): 920. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12070920.

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Persian walnut (Juglans regia L., Juglandaceae), one of the essential nut crops, is affected by different diseases, including mite attacks which result in gall and erineum formation. As the proportion of leaf area covered by mite galls or erineum is typically relatively low, the impact on tree photosynthetic productivity is often considered minor, and no pest control management is usually suggested. However, the effect of erineum-forming mites on walnut photosynthesis might be disproportionately larger than can be predicted from the leaf area impacted. In the present study, we studied how the

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21

Kumeroa, Fern, Shanika Komahan, Svetla Sofkova-Bobcheva, and Andrea Clavijo McCormick. "Characterization of the Volatile Profiles of Six Industrial Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) Cultivars." Agronomy 12, no. 11 (October 27, 2022): 2651. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12112651.

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Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) play an important role in plant ecology and can be useful in pest management. This work characterises, for the first time, the VOC emissions of six industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) cultivars grown in New Zealand: CFX-2, CRS-1, Ferimon 12, Katani, Futura 75, and Finola. Volatiles emitted from flowers and foliage of eight-week-old plants were collected using a dynamic headspace sampling method and analysed using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. We assessed the effect of cultivar, sex (monoecious, male, and female), and site (i.e., two sites d

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22

Joensuu, Johanna, Nuria Altimir, Hannele Hakola, Michael Rostás, Maarit Raivonen, Mika Vestenius, Hermanni Aaltonen, Markus Riederer, and Jaana Bäck. "Role of needle surface waxes in dynamic exchange of mono- and sesquiterpenes." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 16, no. 12 (June 24, 2016): 7813–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-7813-2016.

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Abstract. Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) produced by plants have a major role in atmospheric chemistry. The different physicochemical properties of BVOCs affect their transport within and out of the plant as well as their reactions along the way. Some of these compounds may accumulate in or on the waxy surface layer of conifer needles and participate in chemical reactions on or near the foliage surface. The aim of this work was to determine whether terpenes, a key category of BVOCs produced by trees, can be found on the epicuticles of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and, if so, h

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23

Pregitzer, Kurt S., Andrew J. Burton, Glenn D. Mroz, Hal O. Liechty, and Neil W. MacDonald. "Foliar sulfur and nitrogen along an 800-km pollution gradient." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 22, no. 11 (November 1, 1992): 1761–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x92-230.

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Emissions of sulfur (S) and nitrogen (N) oxides in the midwestern and northeastern United States result in pronounced regional gradients of acidic deposition. The objective of this study was to determine the extent to which atmospheric deposition alters the uptake and cycling of S and N in five analogous northern hardwood forests located along one of the most pronounced regional gradients of SO42−-S and NO3−-N deposition in the United States. We tested the hypothesis that acidic deposition would alter foliar S and N ratios and nutrient cycling in aboveground litter fall. Sulfate in both wet de

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24

Yu, H., J. K. Holopainen, M. Kivimäenpää, A. Virtanen, and J. D. Blande. "Potential of Climate Change and Herbivory to Affect the Release and Atmospheric Reactions of BVOCs from Boreal and Subarctic Forests." Molecules 26, no. 8 (April 15, 2021): 2283. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26082283.

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Compared to most other forest ecosystems, circumpolar boreal and subarctic forests have few tree species, and are prone to mass outbreaks of herbivorous insects. A short growing season with long days allows rapid plant growth, which will be stimulated by predicted warming of polar areas. Emissions of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC) from soil and vegetation could be substantial on sunny and warm days and biotic stress may accelerate emission rates. In the atmosphere, BVOCs are involved in various gas-phase chemical reactions within and above forest canopies. Importantly, the oxidatio

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25

Vibart, R. E., G. B. Douglas, A. D. Mackay, M. B. Dodd, and I. R. Mcivor. "Pasture-tree systems - Modelling potential implications for animal performance and greenhouse gas emissions." Journal of New Zealand Grasslands 77 (January 1, 2015): 153–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/jnzg.2015.77.498.

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The potential animal performance and greenhouse gas (GHG) abatement benefits from pastures and wide-spaced poplars on a typical lower-North Island sheep and beef farm operation were explored using farm-scale models. The analysis included reductions in understory pasture production, increased ewe reproductive performance (i.e., lambing and weaning percentage) with additional tree shelter and increased dry matter intake from poplar foliage. The pasture-tree systems demonstrated reductions in sheep stocking rates and total meat production, but increases in ewe efficiency and emissions intensity,

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Altanzagas, Batbaatar, Yongkai Luo, Batbaatar Altansukh, Chimidnyam Dorjsuren, Jingyun Fang, and Huifeng Hu. "Allometric Equations for Estimating the Above-Ground Biomass of Five Forest Tree Species in Khangai, Mongolia." Forests 10, no. 8 (August 6, 2019): 661. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10080661.

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Understanding the contribution of forest ecosystems to regulating greenhouse gas emissions and maintaining the atmospheric CO2 balance requires the accurate quantification of above-ground biomass (AGB) at the individual tree species level. The main objective of this study was to develop species-specific allometric equations for the total AGB and various biomass components, including stem, branch, and foliage biomass in Khangai region, northern Mongolia. We destructively sampled a total of 183 trees of five species (22–74 trees per species), including Siberian stone pine (Pinus sibirica Du Tour

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Kohl, Lukas, Markku Koskinen, Tatu Polvinen, Salla Tenhovirta, Kaisa Rissanen, Marjo Patama, Alessandro Zanetti, and Mari Pihlatie. "An automated system for trace gas flux measurements from plant foliage and other plant compartments." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 14, no. 6 (June 17, 2021): 4445–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-4445-2021.

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Abstract. Plant shoots can act as sources or sinks of trace gases including methane and nitrous oxide. Accurate measurements of these trace gas fluxes require enclosing of shoots in closed non-steady-state chambers. Due to plant physiological activity, this type of enclosure, however, leads to CO2 depletion in the enclosed air volume, condensation of transpired water, and warming of the enclosures exposed to sunlight, all of which may bias the flux measurements. Here, we present ShoTGa-FluMS (SHOot Trace Gas FLUx Measurement System), a novel measurement system designed for continuous and autom

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Seok, B., D. Helmig, L. Ganzeveld, M. W. Williams, and C. S. Vogel. "Dynamics of nitrogen oxides and ozone above and within a mixed hardwood forest in northern Michigan." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 13, no. 15 (August 1, 2013): 7301–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-7301-2013.

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Abstract. The dynamic behavior of nitrogen oxides (NOx = NO + NO2) and ozone (O3) above and within the canopy at the University of Michigan Biological Station AmeriFlux (UMBS Flux) site was investigated by continuous multi-height vertical gradient measurements during the summer and the fall of 2008. A daily maximum in nitric oxide (NO) mixing ratios was consistently observed during the morning hours between 06:00 and 09:00 EST above the canopy. Daily NO maxima ranged between 0.1 and 2 ppbv (with a median of 0.3 ppbv), which were 2 to 20 times above the atmospheric background. The sources and c

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Tuninetti, Amaro, Yohan Sequeira, Jesse Granger, Cara Webster, Benjamin C. Beiter, and Rolf Müller. "Spatiotemporal dynamics of biosonar in navigating Bornean Rhinolophid and Hipposiderid bats." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 152, no. 4 (October 2022): A69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0015571.

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To investigate the active sensing strategies used by echolocating bats of the genera Rhinolophus and Hipposideros, we have constructed a 9-meter long flight tunnel, which incorporates an array of 32 ultrasonic microphones distributed throughout the tunnel. Rhinolophus and Hipposideros are of special interest because of their highly flexible biosonar system; these bats emit pulses from their nasal cavities, using complex noseleaf structures to quickly and precisely alter the beam-form and direction of emissions. Additionally, each species utilizes a unique combination of constant-frequency (CF)

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Ingram, Dewayne L., Charles R. Hall, and Joshua Knight. "Modeling Global Warming Potential, Variable Costs, and Water Use of Young Plant Production System Components Using Life Cycle Assessment." HortScience 52, no. 10 (October 2017): 1356–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci12237-17.

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The components for two production systems for young foliage plants in 72-count propagation trays were analyzed using life cycle assessment (LCA) procedures. The systems differed by greenhouse type, bench size and arrangement, rainwater capture, and irrigation/fertilization methods. System A was modeled as a gutter-connected, rounded-arch greenhouse without a ridge vent and covered with double-layer polyethylene, and the plants were fertigated through sprinklers on stationary benches. System B was modeled as a more modern gutter-connected, Dutch-style greenhouse using natural ventilation, and m

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Walker, J. T., M. R. Jones, J. O. Bash, L. Myles, T. Meyers, D. Schwede, J. Herrick, E. Nemitz, and W. Robarge. "Processes of ammonia air-surface exchange in a fertilized <i>Zea mays</i> canopy." Biogeosciences Discussions 9, no. 6 (June 28, 2012): 7893–941. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-9-7893-2012.

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Abstract. Recent incorporation of coupled soil biogeochemical and bi-directional NH3 air-surface exchange algorithms into regional air quality models holds promise for further reducing uncertainty in estimates of NH3 emissions from fertilized soils. While this represents a significant advancement over previous approaches, the evaluation and improvement of such modeling systems for fertilized crops requires process level field measurements over extended periods of time that capture the range of soil, vegetation, and atmospheric conditions that drive short term (i.e., post fertilization) and tot

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Walker, J. T., M. R. Jones, J. O. Bash, L. Myles, T. Meyers, D. Schwede, J. Herrick, E. Nemitz, and W. Robarge. "Processes of ammonia air–surface exchange in a fertilized <i>Zea mays</i> canopy." Biogeosciences 10, no. 2 (February 12, 2013): 981–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-981-2013.

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Abstract. Recent incorporation of coupled soil biogeochemical and bi-directional NH3 air–surface exchange algorithms into regional air quality models holds promise for further reducing uncertainty in estimates of NH3 emissions from fertilized soils. While this represents a significant advancement over previous approaches, the evaluation and improvement of such modeling systems for fertilized crops requires process-level field measurements over extended periods of time that capture the range of soil, vegetation, and atmospheric conditions that drive short-term (i.e., post-fertilization) and tot

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Pryor, S. C., K. E. Hornsby, and K. A. Novick. "Forest canopy interactions with nucleation mode particles." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 14, no. 12 (July 4, 2014): 18181–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-14-18181-2014.

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Abstract. Forests play a key role in removal of particles from the atmosphere but may also significantly contribute to formation and growth of ultrafine particles. Ultrafine particle size distributions through a deciduous forest canopy indicate substantial capture of nucleation mode particles by the foliage. Concentrations decline with depth into the canopy, such that nucleation mode number concentrations at the bottom of the canopy are an average of 16% lower than those at the top. However, growth rates of nucleation mode particles (diameters 6–30 nm) are invariant with height within the cano

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Zahradnik, Tracy, Stephen Takács, Ward Strong, Robb Bennett, Anastasia Kuzmin, and Gerhard Gries. "Douglas-fir cone gall midges respond to shape and infrared wavelength attributes of host tree branches." Canadian Entomologist 144, no. 5 (August 21, 2012): 658–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/tce.2012.71.

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AbstractWe tested the hypothesis that the conophagous Douglas-fir cone gall midge, Contarinia oregonensis Foote (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), responds to infrared (IR) radiation and other electromagnetic wavelengths associated with cones of Douglas-fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco (Pinaceae). Early-season (March–April) thermographic images showed that cone orientation (upright, horizontal, pendant) and cone colour (green, purple, green/purple) did not affect apparent cone temperature (inferred from thermographic images). Tree components significantly differed in apparent temperature with

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Wang, L., A. Ibrom, J. F. J. Korhonen, K. F. Arnoud Frumau, J. Wu, M. Pihlatie, and J. K. Schjoerring. "Interactions between leaf nitrogen status and longevity in relation to N cycling in three contrasting European forest canopies." Biogeosciences Discussions 9, no. 7 (July 31, 2012): 9759–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-9-9759-2012.

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Abstract. Seasonal and spatial variations in foliar nitrogen (N) parameters were investigated in three European forests with different tree species, viz. beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii, Mirb., Franco) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in Denmark, The Netherlands and Finland, respectively. This was done in order to obtain information about functional acclimation, tree internal N conservation and its relevance for both ecosystem internal N cycling and foliar N exchange with the atmosphere. Leaf N pools generally showed much higher seasonal variability in beech

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Balling, Johannes, Jan Verbesselt, Veronique De Sy, Martin Herold, and Johannes Reiche. "Exploring Archetypes of Tropical Fire-Related Forest Disturbances Based on Dense Optical and Radar Satellite Data and Active Fire Alerts." Forests 12, no. 4 (April 9, 2021): 456. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12040456.

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Tropical forest disturbances linked to fire usage cause large amounts of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and environmental damages. Supporting precise GHG estimations and counteracting illegal fire usages in the tropics require timely and thematically detailed large-scale information on fire-related forest disturbances. Multi-sensor optical and radar detection and ranging (radar) remote sensing data combined with active fire alerts shows the potential for a more in-depth characterization of fire-related forest disturbances. We utilized dense optical (Landsat-7, Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2) and rad

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Opacka, Beata, Jean-François Müller, Trissevgeni Stavrakou, Maite Bauwens, Katerina Sindelarova, Jana Markova, and Alex B. Guenther. "Global and regional impacts of land cover changes on isoprene emissions derived from spaceborne data and the MEGAN model." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 21, no. 11 (June 3, 2021): 8413–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-8413-2021.

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Abstract. Among the biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) emitted by plant foliage, isoprene is by far the most important in terms of both global emission and atmospheric impact. It is highly reactive in the air, and its degradation favours the generation of ozone (in the presence of NOx) and secondary organic aerosols. A critical aspect of BVOC emission modelling is the representation of land use and land cover (LULC). The current emission inventories are usually based on land cover maps that are either modelled and dynamic or satellite-based and static. In this study, we use the state-

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Moore, Roderquita K., Mark A. Dietenberger, Doreen H. Mann, Patricia K. Lebow, and David R. Weise. "Utilizing two-dimensional gas chromatography time of flight mass spectrometry (GCxGC ToFMS) to characterize volatile products from pyrolysis of living vegetation foliage." BioResources 17, no. 1 (December 10, 2021): 862–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.17.1.862-889.

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Wildland fire can cause significant damage but is also a natural process that is key to the healthy functioning of many ecosystems worldwide. Primary fuels for a wildland fire are the dead foliage and small branches which accumulate as litter on the ground. A cone calorimeter was used to measure the various aspects of these fuels. A single sample of preignition gases from the live leaves of seven plant species were vacuum collected on quality filters and within super-chilled solvent mixtures. GC-TOFMS (1D) and GCxGC-TOFMS (2D) were used to characterize the “white” smoke emissions. The vegetati

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Byčenkienė, Steigvilė, Daria Pashneva, Ieva Uogintė, Julija Pauraitė, Agnė Minderytė, Lina Davulienė, Kristina Plauškaitė, et al. "Evaluation of the anthropogenic black carbon emissions and deposition on Norway spruce and silver birch foliage in the Baltic region." Environmental Research 207 (May 2022): 112218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2021.112218.

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Berger, Torsten W., Erich Inselsbacher, and Sophie Zechmeister-Boltenstern. "Carbon dioxide emissions of soils under pure and mixed stands of beech and spruce, affected by decomposing foliage litter mixtures." Soil Biology and Biochemistry 42, no. 6 (June 2010): 986–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.02.020.

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Taipale, Ditte, Juho Aalto, Pauliina Schiestl-Aalto, Markku Kulmala, and Jaana Bäck. "The importance of accounting for enhanced emissions of monoterpenes from new Scots pine foliage in models - A Finnish case study." Atmospheric Environment: X 8 (December 2020): 100097. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aeaoa.2020.100097.

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Sulaiman, Hassan Yusuf, Bin Liu, Yusuph Olawale Abiola, Eve Kaurilind, and Ülo Niinemets. "Impact of heat priming on heat shock responses in Origanum vulgare: Enhanced foliage photosynthetic tolerance and biphasic emissions of volatiles." Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 196 (March 2023): 567–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.02.013.

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Zhong, Hongtao, Carol Smith, Brett Robinson, Young-Nam Kim, and Nicholas Dickinson. "Plant litter variability and soil N mobility." Soil Research 55, no. 3 (2017): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr16132.

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Laboratory incubation studies were used to investigate whether and how variability of different plant litters modifies the mobility of nitrogen in soil. Fallen plant foliage from native New Zealand plants of diverse fibre and nutrient content were selected, with C:N ratios ranging from 14 to 102. Different litters provided substantially different inputs of macro- and micronutrients to soil that affected the mobility of N. Both fibre content and C:N ratios were influential. A primary effect of litter addition to soil was modification of pH, largely attributable to calcium enrichment. Nitrate in

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Bekele, A. Z., C. Clément, M. Kreuzer, and C. R. Soliva. "Efficiency of Sesbania sesban and Acacia angustissima in limiting methanogenesis and increasing ruminally available nitrogen in a tropical grass-based diet depends on accession." Animal Production Science 49, no. 2 (2009): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea08202.

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Novel strategies to improve nutrient-poor tropical diets for ruminants should aim to increase feeding value and, simultaneously, reduce emissions of the greenhouse gas methane. Both aims were addressed in the present in vitro experiment when supplementing a low quality, tropical grass (Brachiaria humidicola; Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical accession number 6133) with foliage from various leguminous multi-purpose shrubs, all of them containing plant secondary metabolites in different concentrations. In detail, foliage of Acacia angustissima from the International Livestock Research

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Moraes, E. C., Sergio H. Franchito, and V. Brahmananda Rao. "Amazonian Deforestation: Impact of Global Warming on the Energy Balance and Climate." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 52, no. 3 (March 2013): 521–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-11-0258.1.

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AbstractA coupled biosphere–atmosphere statistical–dynamical model is used to study the relative roles of the impact of the land change caused by tropical deforestation and global warming on energy balance and climate. Three experiments were made: 1) deforestation, 2) deforestation + 2 × CO2, and 3) deforestation + CO2, CH4, N2O, and O3 for 2100. In experiment 1, the climatic impact of the Amazonian deforestation is studied. In experiment 2, the effect of doubling CO2 is included. In experiment 3, the concentrations of the greenhouse gases (GHGs) correspond to the A1FI scenario from the Interg

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Isidorov, Valery A., and Andrej A. Zaitsev. "Reviews and syntheses: VOC emissions from soil cover in boreal and temperate natural ecosystems of the Northern Hemisphere." Biogeosciences 19, no. 19 (October 7, 2022): 4715–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4715-2022.

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Abstract. Plant litter decomposition is a biogeochemical process underlying the carbon cycle in terrestrial ecosystems and between the biosphere and the atmosphere. For the latter, it serves as one of the most important sources of not only carbon dioxide but also volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which have not yet been taken into account in atmospheric models for various purposes and scales, from local to regional and global. This review owes its appearance to the growing interest in decaying leaf litter and living forest floor cover as a hitherto unaccounted for source of photochemically ac

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Sommar, Jonas, Wei Zhu, Lihai Shang, Che-Jen Lin, and Xinbin Feng. "Seasonal variations in metallic mercury (Hg<sup>0</sup>) vapor exchange over biannual wheat–corn rotation cropland in the North China Plain." Biogeosciences 13, no. 7 (April 7, 2016): 2029–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-2029-2016.

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Abstract. Air–surface gas exchange of Hg0 was measured in five approximately bi-weekly campaigns (in total 87 days) over a wheat–corn rotation cropland located on the North China Plain (NCP) using the relaxed eddy accumulation (REA) technique. The campaigns were separated over the duration of a full-year period (2012–2013) aiming to capture the flux pattern over essential growing stages of the planting system with a low homogeneous topsoil Hg content ( ∼ 45 ng g−1). Contrasting pollution regimes influenced air masses at the site and corresponding Hg0 concentration means (3.3 in late summer to

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Sommar, J., W. Zhu, L. Shang, C. J. Lin, and X. B. Feng. "Seasonal variations in metallic mercury (Hg<sup>0</sup>) vapor exchange over biannual wheat – corn rotation cropland in the North China Plain." Biogeosciences Discussions 12, no. 18 (September 30, 2015): 16105–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-12-16105-2015.

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Abstract. Air-surface gas exchange of Hg0 was measured in five approximately bi-weekly campaigns (in total 87 days) over a wheat-corn rotation cropland located in the North China Plain using the relaxed eddy accumulation (REA) technique. The campaigns were separated over duration of a full year period (201–2013) aiming to capture the flux pattern over essential growing stages of the planting system with a low homogeneous topsoil Hg content (~ 45 ng g−1). Contrasting pollution regimes influenced air masses at the site and corresponding Hg0 concentration means (3.3 in late summer to 6.2 ng m−3 i

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Crim, Philip M., Louis M. McDonald, and Jonathan R. Cumming. "Soil and Tree Nutrient Status of High Elevation Mixed Red Spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) and Broadleaf Deciduous Forests." Soil Systems 3, no. 4 (December 11, 2019): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems3040080.

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Anthropogenic and industrial emissions have resulted in historically high levels of acidic deposition into central Appalachian forests. Despite the reduction in acidic inputs due to legislation curbing industrial emissions in the United States, continued N deposition may impact forest ecosystems. Soil and foliar samples were collected from four high elevation red spruce sites along a modeled gradient of historic N deposition. The three most abundant tree species at all sites, Acer rubrum L., Betula alleghaniensis Britt., and Picea rubens Sarg., were sampled. Bulk soil beneath the canopies of i

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Belykh, Olga, and Elena Chuparina. "Elemental Composition of Needle Foliage of Pinaceae Forest Forming Species in the Territory with Cumulative Environmental Damage (South Baikal Region)." Bulletin of Baikal State University 31, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2500-2759.2021.31(1).103-108.

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The article is dedicated to the issues of sustainable development of territories with cumulative environmental damage on the basis of improving environmental analysis techniques of forest ecosystems health in Baikal region. The authors discuss the processes related to degradation of dark coniferous forests due to the emissions of pulp and paper industry. The factors affecting the development and producing capacity of forest stand are pointed out, namely highly acidic soil and heavy metals pollution. The data obtained by X-ray fluorescence analysis of needles are presented. They prove the prese

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