Artículos de revistas: "Fluid"

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Ido, Yasushi, Hiroki Yokoyama y Hitoshi Nishida. "OS22-13 Viscous Property of Magnetic Compound Fluids Containing Needle-like Particles(Fluid Machinery and Functional Fluids,OS22 Experimental method in fluid mechanics,FLUID AND THERMODYNAMICS)". Abstracts of ATEM : International Conference on Advanced Technology in Experimental Mechanics : Asian Conference on Experimental Mechanics 2015.14 (2015): 277. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeatem.2015.14.277.

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Nishihara, Kazuyoshi y Koji Mori. "OS22-11 Mechanical Active Noise Control for Multi Blade Fan(Fluid Machinery and Functional Fluids,OS22 Experimental method in fluid mechanics,FLUID AND THERMODYNAMICS)". Abstracts of ATEM : International Conference on Advanced Technology in Experimental Mechanics : Asian Conference on Experimental Mechanics 2015.14 (2015): 275. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeatem.2015.14.275.

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Saegusa, Koyo, Shohei Shinoki y Hidemasa Takana. "OS22-12 Visualization and Analysis on Electrospray Formation with Ionic Liquid(Fluid Machinery and Functional Fluids,OS22 Experimental method in fluid mechanics,FLUID AND THERMODYNAMICS)". Abstracts of ATEM : International Conference on Advanced Technology in Experimental Mechanics : Asian Conference on Experimental Mechanics 2015.14 (2015): 276. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeatem.2015.14.276.

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Cervantes, L. A., A. L. Benavides y F. del Río. "Theoretical prediction of multiple fluid-fluid transitions in monocomponent fluids". Journal of Chemical Physics 126, n.º 8 (28 de febrero de 2007): 084507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2463591.

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Wardhani, V. Indriati Sri y Henky P. Rahardjo. "KARAKTERISASI TEBAL LAPISAN BATAS FLUIDA NANO ZrO2 DI PERMUKAAN PEMANAS PADA PROSES KONVEKSI ALAMIAH". JURNAL TEKNOLOGI REAKTOR NUKLIR TRI DASA MEGA 17, n.º 3 (6 de octubre de 2015): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.17146/tdm.2015.17.3.2325.

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ABSTRAK KARAKTERISASI Tebal Lapisan Batas Fluida Nano ZrO2 di permukaan pemanas pada Proses Konveksi Alamiah. Pendinginan sistem sangat dipengaruhi oleh proses perpindahan panas konveksi dari sumber panas ke fluida pendingin. Biasanya sebagai fluida pendingin digunakan fluida konvensional seperti air. Pendinginan suatu sistem dengan air tersebut dapat ditingkatkan dengan menggunakan fluida lain seperti fluida nano, yaitu fluida yang dibuat dari campuran air ditambah partikel dengan ukuran nano. Peneliti Batan Bandung telah membuat fluida nano ZrO2 dari bahan local. Telah dibuat pula peralatan eksperimen untuk mempelajari sifat-sifat termohidrolik fluida nano tersebut. Hal ini dilakukan untuk mendapatkan fluida nano yang tepat jika digunakan sebagai fluida pendingin sistem. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan eksperimen untuk mempelajari sifat-sifat termohidrolik fluida nano ZrO2 yang terbuat dari campuran air dengan partikel nano ZrO2 yang berukuran 10-7-10-９nm dengan konsentrasi 1 gr/lt yang digunakan sebagai pendingin pada proses pendinginan konveksi alamiah. Proses tersebut sangat bergantung pada perubahan temperatur dari sumber panas ke fluida pendingin. Dalam pendinginan konveksi alamiah perubahan temperatur itu akan terjadi di dalam tebal lapisan batas termalnya. Oleh karena itu perlu diteliti tebal lapisan batas termal dari fluida nano ZrO2 yang selanjutnya juga dapat untuk menentukan kecepatan aliran lokalnya. Eksperimen dilakukan melalui proses perpindahan panas konveksi alamiah dengan memasukkan beberapa variasi daya pemanas, kemudian dilakukan pengukuran temperatur di beberapa titik secara horizontal untuk melihat distribusi temperaturnya. Hasil pengukuran distribusi temperatur tersebut dapat digunakan untuk menentukan tebal lapisan batas dan kecepatan alirannya. Diperoleh bahwa tebal lapisan batas termal dan kecepatan konveksi alamiah fluida nano ZrO2 tidak jauh berbeda dari fluida konvensional air. Kata kunci: Lapisan batas, fluida nano ZrO2, konveksi alamiah. ABSTRACT CHARACTERIZATION of boundary layer thickness OF nano FLUID ZrO2 on natural convection process. Cooling system is highly influenced by the process of convection heat transfer from the heat source to the cooling fluid. The cooling fluid usually used conventional fluid such as water. Cooling system performance can be improved by using fluids other than water such as nano fluid that is made from a mixture of water and nano-sized particles. Researchers at Batan Bandung have made nano fluid ZrO2 from local materials, as well as experimental equipment for studying the thermohidraulic characteristics of nano fluid as the cooling fluid. In this study, thermohidraulic characteristics of nano fluid ZrO2 are observed through experimentation. Nano fluid ZrO2 is made from a mixture of water with ZrO2 nano-sized particles of 10-7-10-9 nm whose concentration is 1 g/ltr. This nano fluid is used as coolant in the cooling process of natural convection. The natural convection process depends on the temperature difference between heat source and the cooling fluid, which occur in the thermal boundary layer. Therefore it is necessary to study the thermal boundary layer thickness of nano fluid ZrO2, which is also able to determine the local velocity. Experimentations are done with several variation of the heater power and then the temperature are measured at several horizontal points to see the distribution of the temperatures. The temperature distribution measurement results can be used to determine the boundary layer thickness and flow rate. It is obtained that thermal boundary layer thickness and velocity of nano fluid ZrO2 is not much different from the conventional fluid water. Keywords: Boundary layer, nanofluid ZrO2, natural convection.

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Adams-Thies, Brian. "Fluid bodies or bodily fluids". Journal of Language and Sexuality 1, n.º 2 (28 de septiembre de 2012): 179–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jls.1.2.03ada.

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Previous researchers discussing cybersexuality have been fascinated with the body-less-ness of cybersex. They have focused on the textual productions and (re)formations of the self that are allowed in this space independent of the body. Thus, the cyber becomes the space of transformation and fluidity of the self while the ‘real’ becomes the site of the material, concrete and unchanging body. I posit that dichotomous thinking about the cyber and the real and the text and the body produces an errant concept of the body. Cybersex is rarely a disembodied experience. Text-making cannot create itself free from the constraints of linguistic communities of practice in the “real” world. I challenge the notion that cybersexuality is a sexuality without the body and that the body in the ‘real’ world is stable. I focus specifically on how gay men describe the experience of the anus and anal sex as a means to better understand how the body becomes a site for linguistic marking and reference.

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Rosen, Kate y Benjamin Orwoll. "Fluid Creep in the PICU: Characterizing Fluid Administration Beyond Maintenance Fluids". Pediatrics 147, n.º 3_MeetingAbstract (1 de marzo de 2021): 464–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.147.3ma5.464b.

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Momeni, Ali, Seyyed Shahab Tabatabaee Moradi y Seyyed Alireza Tabatabaei-Nejad. "A REVIEW ON GLYCEROL-BASED DRILLING FLUIDS AND GLYCERINE AS A DRILLING FLUID ADDITIVE". Rudarsko-geološko-naftni zbornik 39, n.º 1 (2024): 87–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.17794/rgn.2024.1.8.

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A significant increase of energy demands all over the world and production decline from available oil and gas reservoirs have led the industry to invest in major offshore petroleum resources. However, drilling operations in offshore environments are usually restricted by environmental constraints. Therefore, recent studies are devoted to the development of environmentally compatible fluids with adequate technical properties. Glycerine is a non-toxic, lubricating, colorless, odorless substance with a higher density than water. Due to the properties of glycerine, it can be used as the base of drilling fluid to formulate synthetic-based fluids. This research aimed to review the studies on the applications of glycerine in the composition of drilling fluid. Based on the results, glycerine-based fluids can be considered as an environmentally compatible fluid with sufficient technical properties to replace other drilling fluids. However, there is a lack of experimental studies on the glycerine fluid properties for a reliable decision. For the application of glycerine fluids, an economic feasibility study is mandatory for both pure and crude glycerine. Also, the thermal stability of glycerine fluids is an important aspect, which should be covered in future research studies.

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Yamagami, Shigemasa, Tetta Hashimoto y Koichi Inoue. "OS23-6 Thermo-Fluid Dynamics of Pulsating Heat Pipes for LED Lightings(Thermo-fluid dynamics(2),OS23 Thermo-fluid dynamics,FLUID AND THERMODYNAMICS)". Abstracts of ATEM : International Conference on Advanced Technology in Experimental Mechanics : Asian Conference on Experimental Mechanics 2015.14 (2015): 283. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeatem.2015.14.283.

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Ma’arij, Muh Fatkhul. "EFEKTIFITAS MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PROJECT-BASED LEARNING (PjBL) TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR FISIKA POKOK BAHASAN FLUIDA". Jurnal Pendidikan 18, n.º 1 (2 de marzo de 2017): 25–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.33830/jp.v18i1.280.2017.

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The purpose of this study is to obtain information about learning through the ability of inquiry in tracing how scientists discover fluid laws, and how to avoid misconception in understanding the law of Archimedes in particular and fluid in general. This research was conducted in class XI IPA SMA N 11 Kabupaten Tangerang by integrating project Based Learning Model (PjBL), and the topic is about fluid. The competence measured includes analyzing the relationship of laws in static and dynamic fluids, and their application in everyday life. The results showed, there is an increase in the understanding of learners in learning Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh informasi tentang hasil belajaryang diperoleh peserta didik melalui kemampuan inkuiri dalam menelusuri bagaimana ilmuwan menemukan hukum-hukum fluida. Sehingga tidak terjadi miskonsepsi dalam memahami hukum Archimedes pada khususnya dan fluida pada umumnya. Penelitian ini dilakukan di kelas XI IPA SMA N 11 Kabupaten Tangerang dengan mengintegrasikan model pembelajaran Project Based Learning (PjBL) dengan pokok bahasan fluida, berorientasi pada kompetensi dasar: menganalisis hubungan hukum-hukum dalam fluida statis dan fluida dinamis serta penerapannya dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, terdapat peningkatan pemahaman peserta didik dalam mempelajari fluida.

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Hanson, R. Brooks. "Hydrodynamics of magmatic and meteoric fluids in the vicinity of granitic intrusions". Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 87, n.º 1-2 (1996): 251–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263593300006660.

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ABSTRACT:Numerical models that account for fluid flow, magmatic and metamorphic fluid production, topography and thermal expansion of the fluid following emplacement of a granitic magma in the upper crust reveal controls on the distribution of magmatic fluids during the evolution of a hydrothermal system. Initially, fluid pressures are close to lithostatic in and near an intrusion, and internally generated magmatic and metamorphic fluids are expelled. Later, fluid pressures drop to hydrostatic values and meteoric fluids circulate throughout the system. High permeabilities and low rates of fluid production accelerate this transition. Fluid production in the magma and wallrocks is the dominant mechanism elevating fluid pressures to lithostatic values. For granitic intrusions, about three to five times as much magmatic fluid is produced as metamorphic fluid. Continuous fluid release from a granitic magma with a vertical dimensions of 10 km produces a dynamic permeability of up to several tens of microdarcies.Near the surface, topography associated with a typical volcano acts to maintain a shallow meteoric flow system and drive fluids laterally. The exponential decay with depth of the influence of topography on fluid pressures results in a persistent zone of mixing at a depth of 1-2 km between these meteoric fluids and magmatic fluids despite variations in the strength of the magmatic hydrothermal system. However, in shallow systems where fluid release is episodic, dramatic changes in the region of mixing are still possible because fluid pressure is sensitive to variations in the rates of fluid production. At depth, high rates of metamorphic fluid production in the wallrocks and low permeabilities (< 1 μD) produce elevated fluid pressures, which hinder the lateral flow of magmatic fluids. Together, these patterns are consistent with the distribution and evolution of skarns and hydrothermal ore deposits around granitic magmas.

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Norasia, Yolanda, Mohamad Tafrikan y Bhamakerti Hafiz Kamaluddin. "ANALYSIS OF THE MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS NANOVISCOUS FLUID BASED ON VOLUME FRACTION AND THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES". BAREKENG: Jurnal Ilmu Matematika dan Terapan 17, n.º 1 (16 de abril de 2023): 0331–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.30598/barekengvol17iss1pp0331-0340.

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Fluid flow control is applied in engineering and industry using computational fluid dynamics. Based on density, fluids are divided into two parts, namely non-viscous fluids and viscous fluids. Nanofluid is a fluid that has non-viscous and viscous characteristics. Nanoviscos fluid flow is interesting to study by considering the effect of volume fraction and thermophysical properties. Nanoviscous fluid flow models form dimensional equations that are then simplified into dimensionless equations. Dimensionless equations are converted into non-similar equations using flow functions and non-similar variables. Nanoviscous fluids with Cu particles and water-based fluids have higher temperatures and faster velocity. Based on the effect of volume fraction, the velocity of the nanoviscous fluid moves slower, while the temperature of the nanoviscous fluid increases.

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Jasmita, Murda y Ardian Putra. "Identifikasi Karakteristik Mata Air Panas Bumi di Sibanggor Tonga Kabupaten Mandailing Natal Menggunakan Diagram Segitiga Fluida". Jurnal Fisika Unand 9, n.º 4 (25 de enero de 2021): 428–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/jfu.9.4.428-435.2020.

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Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang identifikasi karakteristik fluida mata air panas tipe fluida, kesetimbangan, asal usul sumber fluida dan pengenceran mata air panas bumi di Sibanggor Tonga Kabupaten Mandailing Natal. Sampel penelitian diambil dari lima sumber mata air dengan volume sampel di setiap lokasi sebanyak 500 ml. Nilai pH dari 5 titik mata air panas berkisar dari 0,6 sampai 6,3 dan pengukuran temperatur permukaan diperoleh mulai dari 37,6 oC hingga 95,3 oC. Konsentrasi unsur Na, K, Mg, K, B dan Li diukur menggunakan Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-AES). Pengukuran konsentrasi unsur Cl diperoleh dari persamaan konduktivitas yang didapatkan dari alat conductivity meter dan pengukuran konsentrasi SO4 dengan metode visible spectroscopy. Pengukuran konsentrasi HCO3 diukur dengan metode titrasi asam basa. Diagram Cl-HCO3-SO4 menunjukkan semua fluida bertipe sulfat-klorida dan diagram Na-K-Mg menunjukkan semua fluida berada pada immature water yang mengindikasikan fluida telah mengalami reaksi dengan unsur lain saat menuju permukaan. Asal sumber fluida berada jauh dari reservoir atau aliran fluida bergerak secara lateral saat menuju permukaan, yang terlihat dari diagram Cl-B-Li. Research has been carried out on the identification of the characteristics of the hot spring fluid type, equilibrium, the origin of the fluid source and the dilution of the geothermal springs in Sibanggor Tonga, Mandailing Natal Regency. The research sample was taken from five springs with a sample volume of 500 ml at each location. The pH values of the 5 hot springs ranged from 0.6 to 6.3 and surface temperature measurements were obtained from 37.6°C to 95.3°C. The concentrations of Na, K, Mg, K, B and Li were measured using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-AES). Measurement of the element concentration of Cl is obtained from the conductivity equation obtained from a conductivity meter and measurement of SO4 concentrations using the visible spectroscopy method. HCO3 concentration measurements were measured by the acid-base titration method. The Cl-HCO3-SO4 diagram shows all sulfate-chloride type fluids and the Na-K-Mg diagram shows all fluids are in immature water which indicates that the fluid has undergone a reaction with other elements when it reaches the surface. As long as the fluid source is far from the reservoir or the fluid flow moves laterally towards the surface, as seen from the Cl-B-Li diagram.

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Rosenbaum, Jeffrey M., Alan Zindler y James L. Rubenstone. "Mantle fluids: Evidence from fluid inclusions". Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 60, n.º 17 (septiembre de 1996): 3229–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(96)00167-6.

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Patel, Mahesh Chandra, Mohammed Abdalla Ayoub, Mazlin Bt Idress y Anirbid Sircar. "Development of a Novel Surfactant-Based Viscoelastic Fluid System as an Alternative Nonpolymeric Fracturing Fluid and Comparative Analysis with Traditional Guar Gum Gel Fluid". Polymers 15, n.º 11 (25 de mayo de 2023): 2444. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15112444.

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Surfactant-based viscoelastic (SBVE) fluids have recently gained interest from many oil industry researchers due to their polymer-like viscoelastic behaviour and ability to mitigate problems of polymeric fluids by replacing them during various operations. This study investigates an alternative SBVE fluid system for hydraulic fracturing with comparable rheological characteristics to conventional polymeric guar gum fluid. In this study, low and high surfactant concentration SBVE fluid and nanofluid systems were synthesized, optimized, and compared. Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and counterion inorganic sodium nitrate salt, with and without 1 wt% ZnO nano-dispersion additives, were used; these are entangled wormlike micellar solutions of cationic surfactant. The fluids were divided into the categories of type 1, type 2, type 3, and type 4, and were optimized by comparing the rheological characteristics of different concentration fluids in each category at 25 °C. The authors have reported recently that ZnO NPs can improve the rheological characteristics of fluids with a low surfactant concentration of 0.1 M cetyltrimethylammonium bromide by proposing fluids and nanofluids of type 1 and type 2. In addition, conventional polymeric guar gum gel fluid is prepared in this study and analyzed for its rheological characteristics. The rheology of all SBVE fluids and the guar gum fluid was analyzed using a rotational rheometer at varying shear rate conditions from 0.1 to 500 s−1 under 25 °C, 35 °C, 45 °C, 55 °C, 65 °C, and 75 °C temperature conditions. The comparative analysis section compares the rheology of the optimal SBVE fluids and nanofluids in each category to the rheology of polymeric guar gum fluid for the entire range of shear rates and temperature conditions. The type 3 optimum fluid with high surfactant concentration of 0.2 M cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and 1.2 M sodium nitrate was the best of all the optimum fluids and nanofluids. This fluid shows comparative rheology to guar gum fluid even at elevated shear rate and temperature conditions. The comparison of average viscosity values under a different group of shear rate conditions suggests that the overall optimum SBVE fluid prepared in this study is a potential nonpolymeric viscoelastic fluid candidate for hydraulic fracturing operation that could replace polymeric guar gum fluids.

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Esterik, Penny Van. "Vintage Breast Milk: Exploring the Discursive Limits of Feminine Fluids". Canadian Theatre Review 137 (enero de 2009): 20–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/ctr.137.003.

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What are feminine fluids — fluids consumed by women or fluids produced by women? Fluids that enter female bodies or fluids that exit female bodies? Breast milk is clearly a fluid that leaves one body and enters another. No fluid is more feminine than breast milk. No fluid carries with it as much complex symbolic baggage surrounding what it means to be female. This article explores the material and symbolic dimensions of breast milk in North America, building on the provocations of a Toronto performance artist whose work has transformed breast milk from a fluid produced by women to a fluid consumed by women.

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Yin, Hang, Mohammad Sina Nabizadeh, Baichuan Wu, Stephanie Wang y Albert Chern. "Fluid Cohomology". ACM Transactions on Graphics 42, n.º 4 (26 de julio de 2023): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3592402.

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The vorticity-streamfunction formulation for incompressible inviscid fluids is the basis for many fluid simulation methods in computer graphics, including vortex methods, streamfunction solvers, spectral methods, and Monte Carlo methods. We point out that current setups in the vorticity-streamfunction formulation are insufficient at simulating fluids on general non-simply-connected domains. This issue is critical in practice, as obstacles, periodic boundaries, and nonzero genus can all make the fluid domain multiply connected. These scenarios introduce nontrivial cohomology components to the flow in the form of harmonic fields. The dynamics of these harmonic fields have been previously overlooked. In this paper, we derive the missing equations of motion for the fluid cohomology components. We elucidate the physical laws associated with the new equations, and show their importance in reproducing physically correct behaviors of fluid flows on domains with general topology.

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Bein, Berthold y Jens Scholz. "Fluid, fluid, everywhere?" AINS - Anästhesiologie · Intensivmedizin · Notfallmedizin · Schmerztherapie 56, n.º 04 (abril de 2021): 230–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1375-5189.

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FUJITA, TOYOHISA, YASUHISA WADA, GORO OBINATA, YOICHI AKAGAMI, SHINZO NISHIMURA y YUJI OGASAWARA. "COMPARISON OF FREQUENCY CHARACTERISTICS IN A DAMPER USING MAGNETIC FLUID, ER FLUID DISPERSING SMECTITE, AND MIXED ER MAGNETIC FLUID". International Journal of Modern Physics B 10, n.º 23n24 (30 de octubre de 1996): 3001–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979296001446.

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This paper presents a new type of damper using electro-rheological (ER) magnetic fluid for improving magnetic fluid damper and ER fluid damper. Silicone oil based magnetic fluid dispersing 10 nm size of magnetite, silicone oil based ER fluid dispersing 2 nm to 50 nm size of smectite and a mixture, that is, ER magnetic fluid have been used in a piston type damper. Dynamic visco-elasticities of these fluids have been measured by considering chain (cluster) formations. Next, frequency characteristics of transmissibility (magnification factor) and phase in damper have been compared with those fluids under magnetic field, electric field and both fields. The Voigt or Maxwell model can be applied in those dampers depending on amplitude. ER magnetic fluid has showed the decrease of amplitude ratios at resonance point and higher frequency at any amplitude under both magnetic and electric fields as low-pass filter.

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Lacombe, Olivier y Yann Rolland. "Fluids in crustal deformation: Fluid flow, fluid-rock interactions, rheology, melting and resources". Journal of Geodynamics 101 (noviembre de 2016): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jog.2016.08.004.

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Alba, K., S. M. Taghavi, John R. de Bruyn y I. A. Frigaard. "Incomplete fluid–fluid displacement of yield-stress fluids. Part 2: Highly inclined pipes". Journal of Non-Newtonian Fluid Mechanics 201 (noviembre de 2013): 80–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnnfm.2013.07.006.

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Saripalli, K. Prasad, Heonki Kim, P. Suresh C. Rao y Michael D. Annable. "Measurement of Specific Fluid−Fluid Interfacial Areas of Immiscible Fluids in Porous Media". Environmental Science & Technology 31, n.º 3 (marzo de 1997): 932–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es960652g.

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Terrones, Guillermo y Tamra Heberling. "Rayleigh–Taylor instability at spherical interfaces between viscous fluids: The fluid/fluid interface". Physics of Fluids 32, n.º 9 (1 de septiembre de 2020): 094105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0018601.

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KUMAR, BIPIN, MARTIN CRANE y YAN DELAURÉ. "ON THE VOLUME OF FLUID METHOD FOR MULTIPHASE FLUID FLOW SIMULATION". International Journal of Modeling, Simulation, and Scientific Computing 04, n.º 02 (junio de 2013): 1350002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793962313500025.

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Numerical study of multiphase fluid flows require mathematical methods for distinguishing interface between two fluids. The volume of fluid (VOF) method is one of such method which takes care of fluid shape in a local domain and reconstructs the interface from volume fraction of one fluid. Maintaining sharp interface during reconstruction is a challenging task and geometrical approach of VOF method better suits for incompressible fluids. This paper provides a complete mathematical discussion of extended form of VOF method using a approach known as piecewise linear interface calculation (PLIC). An analytical relation between volume fraction and interface position has been explored with the help of primitive geometrical shapes. The method with this analytical relation has been applied to multiphase fluid flow benchmark problems and found to be in good agreement.

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Dewi, Pande Putu Ayu Patria, Aryati Aryati, Leonita Anniwati y Isnin Anang Marhana. "CORRELATION BETWEEN ADENOSINE DEAMINASE ACTIVITY IN PLEURAL FLUID AND SERUM OF PATIENTS WITH PLEURAL EFFUSION". INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY AND MEDICAL LABORATORY 24, n.º 2 (30 de septiembre de 2018): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.24293/ijcpml.v24i2.1321.

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Pleural effusion is an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space resulting from increased production of fluid or decreased resorption of fluid in the pleural space. Pleural effusion can be caused by infectious diseases, malignancies, collagen disease, gastrointestinal disease, heart disease and other causes such as medication. Adenosine Deaminase (ADA) is an enzyme involved in the catabolism of purines. This enzyme can be measured in pleural fluid, serum and other body fluids such as cerebrospinal and ascites fluid. The aim of this study was to analyze the correlation between adenosine deaminase activity in pleural fluid and serum in patients with pleural effusion. This research was an observational study with a cross-sectional design. Examination of ADA activity was performed in pleural fluid and serum. Adenosine deaminase activity was examined using photometric methods (Non-Giusti), using Diazyme reagent by TMS 24i Premium. Subjects were 46 patients with pleural effusion caused by malignancies, tuberculosis and systemic diseases. Mean±SD ADA activity for all pleural effusion samples in serum was 13.037± 8.365 (0.5-34.1) U//L and pleural fluid 30.843± 28.860 U//L (1.3-140.8). No correlation between ADA activity in serum and pleural fluid (r=0.173, p= 0.252) was found in all samples. No correlation between ADA activity in serum and pleural fluis was found in malignancies (r=0.109, p=0.630), tuberculosis (r= 0.366, p=0.123), systemic diseases (r =0.466, p=0.429) and non-tuberculosis group (r=0.126, p=0.532). There was no correlation between pleural fluid ADA activity and serum.

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Ryu, Taeha. "Fluid management in patients undergoing neurosurgery". Anesthesia and Pain Medicine 16, n.º 3 (31 de julio de 2021): 215–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17085/apm.21072.

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Fluid management is an important component of perioperative care for patients undergoing neurosurgery. The primary goal of fluid management in neurosurgery is the maintenance of normovolemia and prevention of serum osmolarity reduction. To maintain normovolemia, it is important to administer fluids in appropriate amounts following appropriate methods, and to prevent a decrease in serum osmolarity, the choice of fluid is essential. There is considerable debate about the choice and optimal amounts of fluids administered in the perioperative period. However, there is little high-quality clinical research on fluid therapy for patients undergoing neurosurgery. This review will discuss the choice and optimal amounts of fluids in neurosurgical patients based on the literature, recent issues, and perioperative fluid management practices.

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Zhang, Xiangxiang, Kai Gu, Chengyu Liu, Yangbing Cao, J. G. Wang y Feng Gao. "Study on Fluid Front Motion of Water, Nitrogen, and CO2 during Anisotropic Flow in Shale Reservoirs". Geofluids 2022 (5 de diciembre de 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7202972.

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The fluid front motion is an important phenomenon during anisotropic fluid flow in rock engineering. The pore pressure and mechanical responses may be significantly influenced and show an obvious difference near the moving fluid front. However, few studies have been conducted to investigate the front motion of different types of fluids during anisotropic fluid flow. In this work, a numerical model was proposed to detect the front motion of water, nitrogen, and CO2 in anisotropic shale reservoirs. The full coupling effects among mechanical deformation, fluid flow, and moving boundary in anisotropic porous media were considered in the model construction. The impacts of different fluid properties among water, nitrogen, and CO2 on the anisotropic fluid flow have been discussed. Then, the proposed model was applied to study the differences in front motion among different types of fluids in anisotropic shales. The impacts of permeability and mobility on fluid front motion were investigated. The theoretical equations for predicting the fluid front motion of different types of fluids were established by introducing corresponding correction coefficients to the previous formulas. The results showed that the model can well describe the anisotropic fluid permeation process. The fluid front motion increased with the increase of permeability and mobility. At the same permeability or mobility, the nitrogen front motion was the largest and the water front motion was the smallest. The difference in fluid front motion among water, nitrogen, and CO2 was caused by the difference of their viscosity and compressibility. The proposed formulas can fast and accurately predict the evolution of fluid front motion for different types of fluids.

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Yufita, Evi, Muhammad Isa y Aztarina Ermy Vijaya. "Study of Water Chemical Compounds at Geothermal Area: Case on Geothermal Weh Island, Jaboi". Journal of Aceh Physics Society 9, n.º 1 (31 de enero de 2020): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.24815/jacps.v9i1.15229.

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Kandungan senyawa kimia air sangat berguna dalam penentuan karakteristik fluida panas bumi terutama sumbernya dan arah aliran fluida tersebut. Oleh karena itu dilakukan penelitian untuk mengkaji senyawa kimia air yang terkandung pada lapangan panas bumi. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode Titrasi dan Spektrofotometer Serapan Atom (SSA). Pengambilan sampel air dilakukan di dua lokasi mata air panas. Untuk pengujian sampel dilakukan pada Balai Riset dan Standarisasi (Baristan) Banda Aceh. Pengolahan data dilakukan dengan perbandingan kandungan kimia air, sedangkan interpretasi menggunakan diagram segitiga Ternary. Diagram segitiga ini meliputi Cl-SO4-HCO3, digunakan untuk mengetahui kandungan fuida panas bumi, Cl-Li-B digunakan untuk menentukan temperatur suatu lokasi panasbumi dan Na-K-Mg untuk mengetahui kesetimbangan lingkungan fluida panas bumi. Hasil analisis senyawa kimia air menunjukkan bahwa fluida panas bumi memiliki konsentrasi yang didominasi sulfat SO4, Adapun nilai konsentrasi sulfat masing-masing 95% sampel I dan 97% sampel II. Kandungan kimia air ini diperkirakan berada pada zona upflow. Fluida panas bumi yang muncul ke permukaan dari dua lokasi sampel bersumber langsung dari aktivitas magma. An analysis of the flow of geothermal fluid has been carried out in the Jaboi geothermal field, Sabang. This study aims to obtain a zone of geothermal fluid flow in relation to faults/faults. This research was conducted by the titration method and Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Sampling was carried out at two hot spring locations, namely crater I and crater IV. For sample testing carried out in a standardized laboratory. Data processing is done through comparison of chemical fluid content and interpretation of Ternary triangle diagrams. The triangle diagram includes Cl-SO4-HCO3, Cl-Li-B and Na-K-Mg to determine the characteristics of geothermal fluids. Based on data that has been processed and correlated with other supporting data (local geological conditions, magnetic, and temperature) shows a relationship that affects each other with the presence of faults. The analysis shows that geothermal fluid in the upflow zone is characterized by a dominant SO4 sulfate concentration (95% for sample I and 97% for sample II). In the Na-K-Mg triangle diagram, the fluid shows an immature water condition because the fluid has mixed with meteoric water. Based on the analysis of the geochemical data of the study area, it was shown that there is a connection with Ceunohot fault trending northeast to southwest as the controller of the flow of geothermal fluid.Keywords: Ternary triangle diagrams, geothermal fluid, chemical water compounds

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Bizhani, M. y E. Kuru. "Particle Removal From Sandbed Deposits in Horizontal Annuli Using Viscoelastic Fluids". SPE Journal 23, n.º 02 (19 de diciembre de 2017): 256–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/189443-pa.

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Summary This paper presents results of an experimental study on how fluid viscoelastic properties would influence the particle removal from the sandbed deposited in horizontal annuli. Water and two different viscoelastic fluids were used for bed-erosion experiments. The particle-image-velocimetry (PIV) technique was used to measure the local fluid velocity at the fluid/sandbed interface, allowing for accurate estimation of the fluid-drag forces and the turbulence stresses. It was found that polymer fluids needed to exert higher level drag forces (than those of water) on the sandbed to start movement of the particles. Results have also shown that, at the critical flow rate of bed erosion, the polymer fluids yielded higher local fluid velocities and turbulent stresses than those of water. Moreover, the local velocity measurements by means of the PIV technique and the resultant bed-shear-stress calculations indicated that enhancing polymer concentration under the constant flow rate should also enhance the drag forces acting on the sandbed. However, these improved fluid hydrodynamic forces did not result in any improvement in the bed erosion. Therefore, the mechanism causing the delay in the bed erosion by polymer additives could not be explained by any decrease in the local fluid velocity and the turbulence. The primary reason for the delayed bed erosion by the polymer fluids was suggested to be linked to their viscoelastic properties. Two possible mechanisms arising from the elastic properties of the polymer fluids that hinder bed erosion were further discussed in the paper. The stress tensor of the viscoelastic-fluid flow was analyzed to determine the normal stress differences and the resultant normal fluid force acting on the particles at the fluid/sandbed interface. The normal force induced by the normal stress differences of the viscoelastic fluid was identified as one of the possible causes of the delayed bed erosion by these types of fluids.

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30

Barlow, Ashley, Brooke Barlow, Nancy Tang, Bhavik M. Shah y Amber E. King. "Intravenous Fluid Management in Critically Ill Adults: A Review". Critical Care Nurse 40, n.º 6 (1 de diciembre de 2020): e17-e27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4037/ccn2020337.

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Topic This article reviews the management of intravenous fluids and the evaluation of volume status in critically ill adults. Clinical Relevance Intravenous fluid administration is one of the most common interventions in the intensive care unit. Critically ill patients have dynamic fluid requirements, making the management of fluid therapy challenging. New literature suggests that balanced salt solutions may be preferred in some patient populations. Purpose of Paper The bedside critical care nurse must understand the properties of various intravenous fluids and their corresponding impact on human physiology. The nurse’s clinical and laboratory assessments of each patient help define the goals of fluid therapy, which will in turn be used to determine the optimal patient-specific selection and dose of fluid for administration. Nurses serve a vital role in monitoring the safety and efficacy of intravenous fluid therapy. Although this intervention can be lifesaving, inappropriate use of fluids has the potential to yield detrimental effects. Content Covered This article discusses fluid physiology and the goals of intravenous fluid therapy, compares the types of intravenous fluids (isotonic crystalloids, including 0.9% sodium chloride and balanced salt solutions; hypotonic and hypertonic crystalloids; and colloids) and their adverse effects and impact on hemodynamics, and describes the critical care nurse’s essential role in selecting and monitoring intravenous fluid therapy.

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31

Dickson, K. A., S. B. Hooper, I. C. McMillen y R. Harding. "Endocrine and fluid-balance responses to amniotic and allantoic fluid loss in sheep". American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 259, n.º 4 (1 de octubre de 1990): R745—R752. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1990.259.4.r745.

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Our aim was to determine fetal and maternal endocrine and fluid-balance responses to prolonged loss of amniotic and allantoic fluids in sheep. In seven sheep, amniotic and allantoic fluids were drained [379.1 +/- 20.1 (SE) ml/day] from 107 to 135.3 +/- 0.6 days of gestation (term: 145 days). The results from these sheep were compared with those from seven control sheep. Maternal water intake, urine production, and urine osmolality were not altered by fluid drainage, nor were fetal and maternal arterial blood gases, pH, or plasma osmolalities. Fluid drainage increased amniotic, but not allantoic, fluid osmolality. Maternal plasma cortisol concentration increased with fluid drainage, but maternal plasma concentrations of prolactin and arginine vasopressin were unchanged. Fluid drainage increased prolactin concentrations in fetal plasma and amniotic fluid, but fetal plasma concentrations of cortisol (hydrocortisone), arginine vasopressin, norepinephrine, and epinephrine were unchanged. Our results show that the fetus is capable of maintaining its plasma osmolality despite prolonged loss of fluid from its amniotic and allantoic sacs and that this is associated with alterations in the production rate and the composition of amniotic fluid.

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32

Sathish, T. "Performance Improvement of Base Fluid Heat Transfer Medium Using Nano Fluid Particles". Journal of New Materials for Electrochemical Systems 23, n.º 4 (31 de diciembre de 2020): 235–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.14447/jnmes.v23i4.a03.

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Base fluids like water, ethylene glycolandengineoilare conventionally used as a heat transfer medium. The performance of heat transferred is improved in the conventional fluids with the addition of Nano particles. Hence, this paper considers the forced conventional flow problem over the base fluid within a uniform heated tube placed on a wall. The analysis of heattransferco-efficientis done through a constant Reynoldsnumberfor both Nano and base fluid with a simulation tool. Further, a comparative analysis is carried out with heat transfer coefficient over the base and various Nano fluids. It is seen that the Nano fluids has a better performance due to its better thermal characteristics under standard conditions.

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Malbon-Harris, Rupert. "Perioperative fluid therapy". British Journal of Hospital Medicine 84, n.º 4 (2 de abril de 2023): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/hmed.2022.0524.

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Fluids are usually administered perioperatively to maintain euvolaemia and adequate oxygen delivery, but administration of too little or too much fluid can cause problems. This article summarises the current evidence on the type of fluid and volume best administered in the perioperative period.

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34

Li, Chuanbin, Boyang Qin, Arvind Gopinath, Paulo E. Arratia, Becca Thomases y Robert D. Guy. "Flagellar swimming in viscoelastic fluids: role of fluid elastic stress revealed by simulations based on experimental data". Journal of The Royal Society Interface 14, n.º 135 (octubre de 2017): 20170289. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2017.0289.

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Many important biological functions depend on microorganisms' ability to move in viscoelastic fluids such as mucus and wet soil. The effects of fluid elasticity on motility remain poorly understood, partly because the swimmer strokes depend on the properties of the fluid medium, which obfuscates the mechanisms responsible for observed behavioural changes. In this study, we use experimental data on the gaits of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii swimming in Newtonian and viscoelastic fluids as inputs to numerical simulations that decouple the swimmer gait and fluid type in order to isolate the effect of fluid elasticity on swimming. In viscoelastic fluids, cells employing the Newtonian gait swim faster but generate larger stresses and use more power, and as a result the viscoelastic gait is more efficient. Furthermore, we show that fundamental principles of swimming based on viscous fluid theory miss important flow dynamics: fluid elasticity provides an elastic memory effect that increases both the forward and backward speeds, and (unlike purely viscous fluids) larger fluid stress accumulates around flagella moving tangent to the swimming direction, compared with the normal direction.

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35

Cowan, Nelson. "Within fluid cognition: Fluid processing and fluid storage?" Behavioral and Brain Sciences 29, n.º 2 (abril de 2006): 129–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x06269036.

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Blair describes fluid cognition as highly related to working memory and executive processes, and dependent on the integrity of frontal-lobe functioning. However, the literature review appears to neglect potential contributions to fluid cognition of the focus of attention as an important information-storage device, and the role of posterior brain regions in that kind of storage. Relevant cognitive and imaging studies are discussed.

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36

Yang, Shichu, Weichu Yu, Mingwei Zhao, Fei Ding y Ying Zhang. "A Review of Weak Gel Fracturing Fluids for Deep Shale Gas Reservoirs". Gels 10, n.º 5 (18 de mayo de 2024): 345. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels10050345.

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Low-viscosity slickwater fracturing fluids are a crucial technology for the commercial development of shallow shale gas. However, in deep shale gas formations with high pressure, a higher sand concentration is required to support fractures. Linear gel fracturing fluids and crosslinked gel fracturing fluids have a strong sand-carrying capacity, but the drag reduction effect is poor, and it needs to be pre-prepared to decrease the fracturing cost. Slick water fracturing fluids have a strong drag reduction effect and low cost, but their sand-carrying capacity is poor and the fracturing fluid sand ratio is low. The research and development of viscous slick water fracturing fluids solves this problem. It can be switched on-line between a low-viscosity slick water fracturing fluid and high-viscosity weak gel fracturing fluid, which significantly reduces the cost of single-well fracturing. A polyacrylamide drag reducer is the core additive of slick water fracturing fluids. By adjusting its concentration, the control of the on-line viscosity of fracturing fluid can be realized, that is, ‘low viscosity for drag reduction, high viscosity for sand-carrying’. Therefore, this article introduces the research and application status of a linear gel fracturing fluid, crosslinked gel fracturing fluid, and slick water fracturing fluid for deep shale gas reservoirs, and focuses on the research status of a viscous slick water fracturing fluid and viscosity-controllable polyacrylamide drag reducer, with the aim of providing valuable insights for the research on water-based fracturing fluids in the stimulation of deep shale gas reservoirs.

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37

Conliffe, J. y M. Feely. "Fluid inclusions in Irish granite quartz: monitors of fluids trapped in the onshore Irish Massif". Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 101, n.º 1 (20 de diciembre de 2010): 53–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755691010009047.

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ABSTRACTFluid inclusion studies of granite quartz provide an opportunity to study fluid flow associated with igneous activity and post-emplacement fluid processes. This study presents new fluid inclusion data from the late Caledonian Donegal granites and Newry granodiorite, and the Tertiary Mourne Mountains granite in Ireland, which identify three distinct fluids. Aqueous-carbonic fluids (Type 1) have been recorded in late Caledonian granites with a significant mantle component (Newry granodiorite and the Ardara and Thorr granites in Donegal). These fluids represent late-magmatic fluids trapped at high temperatures (up to 575°C), and the ultimate source of these carbonic fluids is linked to sub-lithospheric processes during the Caledonian orogeny. The dominant fluid type (Type 2) in late Caledonian granites is a H2O+NaCl±KCl fluid which may be related to thermal convection cells around granite bodies and/or to regional scale influx of surface derived fluids at the end of the Caledonian orogeny. High salinity NaCl–CaCl2 fluids (Type 3) overprint quartz in the Ardara granite in Donegal, and in the Newry granodiorite, and are interpreted to represent basinal brines, sourced in overlying sedimentary basins, which circulated through the crystalline basement during a period of crustal extension (possibly during the Carboniferous or the Triassic). Fluid inclusion studies of the Tertiary Mourne Mountains granites have identified only Type 2 fluids related to thermal convection cells, consistent with stable isotope evidence, which indicates that this younger granite is unaffected by regional-scale fluid influxes.

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Pardo, Mariana, Erin Spencer, Adesola Odunayo, Mary L. Ramirez, Elke Rudloff, Heidi Shafford, Ann Weil y Ewan Wolff. "2024 AAHA Fluid Therapy Guidelines for Dogs and Cats". Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association 60, n.º 4 (1 de julio de 2024): 131–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5326/jaaha-ms-7444.

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ABSTRACT Fluids are drugs used in veterinary patients capable of producing beneficial therapeutic or inadvertent harmful effects within the body’s intravascular, interstitial, and intracellular fluid spaces. The individualized design of a fluid therapy plan requires careful patient assessment and targeted selection of proper fluid types, administration routes, and rates, along with adjustments during therapy tailored specifically as per the individual patient’s fluid requirement and therapeutic response. Personalized fluid prescriptions and vigilant patient monitoring help avoid patient morbidity from body fluid deficiencies, fluid excess, and electrolyte derangements and support better patient outcomes. These guidelines provide an overview of fluid dynamics within the fluid spaces of the body, describe various types of fluids and their uses, and outline recommendations for fluid administration for resuscitation, rehydration, and maintenance purposes. The guidelines also outline approaches to fluid therapy for anesthetized patients and reiterate the recommendations of reduced fluid rates in this population of patients. Additionally, the guidelines include practical fluid therapy strategies for patients with various common disorders. The goal of these guidelines is to help veterinary professionals safely and effectively prescribe and administer fluid therapy for canine and feline patients.

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Wei, Kexiang, Guang Meng y Shisha Zhu. "Fluid Power Control Unit using Electrorheological Fluids". International Journal of Fluid Power 5, n.º 3 (enero de 2004): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14399776.2004.10781201.

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40

Cathelineau, M., M. Lespinasse, A. M. Bastoul, C. Bernard y J. Leroy. "Fluid migration during contact metamorphism: the use of oriented fluid inclusion trails for a time/space reconstruction". Mineralogical Magazine 54, n.º 375 (junio de 1990): 169–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1990.054.375.04.

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AbstractMicrothermometric characteristics of metamorphic to hydrothermal fluids and microfracturing were studied in a contact zone between metamorphic series and peraluminous granites, located in the southern part of the Mont Lozère pluton (Massif Central, France). Four major stages of fluid production or migration have been recognized: (1) N2-CH4 (±CO2)-rich fluids related to the metamorphism of the C-bearing shales, occurring as fluid inclusion along the quartz grain boundaries; (2) CO2-CH4-H2O vapours or liquids, with homogenization temperatures of 400 ± 20 and 350 ± 50°C respectively, related to the first hydrothermal stage produced by the late peraluminuous intrusions; (3) aqueous fluids having low salinities and Th in the range 150–330°C; (4) low-temperature aqueous fluids.It is shown that the percolation of hydrothermal fluids occurs through a dense set of microfissures on a microscopic scale. The different stages of fluid percolation have been investigated by relating the deformational events to the observed fracturing. The nature of the hydrothermal fluid has been deduced by studying the trails of fluid inclusions. Analysis of the relationships of the fluid inclusion trails (F.I.T.) with structures associated with plastic deformation show that their propagation is independent of the intracrystalline anisotropies. Combined studies of their orientation in space and their microthermometric characteristics show that: (1) according to the direction, several generations of fluids are distinguished within each sample on the basis of their physical-chemical characteristics; they correspond to different stages of the hydrothermal activity and to different directions of micro-crack opening; (2) in bulk isotropic media (granite), fluid inclusion trails are essentially mode I cracks which can be used as excellent markers of paleostress fields; however, in bulk anisotropic media (quartz lenses in mica schists) the migration directions of the fluids are mostly dependent on the local reorientations of the stress fields.The study of the contact zone between granites and a metamorphic series submitted to local abnormal heat flows shows that fluid characteristics are significantly different in the two environments. Migration of carbonic fluids from mica schists towards granites occurred but is relatively limited, whilst aqueous fluids mixed in variable amounts with carbonic fluids in the metamorphic zone.

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41

Cheng, X., X. J. Liu y H. Y. Gu. "Fluid-to-fluid scaling of heat transfer in circular tubes cooled with supercritical fluids". Nuclear Engineering and Design 241, n.º 2 (febrero de 2011): 498–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nucengdes.2010.11.017.

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42

Oh, Byung Chul, Hun Yong Shin y Hwayong Kim. "A multi-fluid nonrandom lattice fluid theory for thermodynamic properties of hydrogen bonding fluids". Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering 20, n.º 5 (septiembre de 2003): 911–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02697298.

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43

Shin, Moon Sam, Ki-Pung Yoo, Chul Soo Lee y Hwayong Kim. "A multi-fluid nonrandom lattice fluid model: General derivation and application to pure fluids". Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering 23, n.º 3 (mayo de 2006): 469–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02706751.

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44

沈, 洋. "The Rheological Properties of Two Typical Viscoelastic Fluids—Giesekus Fluid and FENE-P Fluid". Modeling and Simulation 12, n.º 05 (2023): 4559–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/mos.2023.125415.

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45

Motes, Arunee, Kenneth Nugent y Camilo Pena. "Fluid management based on renal function considerations". Southwest Respiratory and Critical Care Chronicles 12, n.º 50 (29 de enero de 2024): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.12746/swrccc.v12i50.1273.

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Intravenous fluid administration is one of the most commonly used interventions in acutely ill patients. Almost all hospitalized patients receive intravenous fluids for either volume resuscitation or as diluents for drug administration. However, recent studies suggest that fluid overload is associated with acute kidney injury and that fluid administration beyond the volume needed to correct the fluid deficit is associated with increased morbidity, longer hospital stays, and mortality. The exact cause and effect underlying this association remains uncertain. Previous studies have reported a correlation between fluid overload and mortality in critically ill patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome, acute lung injury, sepsis, and acute kidney injury. In patients with acute kidney injury, a higher percentage of fluid overload has been associated with higher mortality and shorter ventilator-free days starting during the initial management in the intensive care unit. Similarly, in a large multicenter study, a positive fluid balance was an important factor associated with increased 60-day mortality in patients with acute kidney injury. This review analyzes the use of intravenous fluids and renal function, including types of intravenous fluid, cumulative fluid targets, endpoint hemodynamic indicators, and renal replacement therapy for acute kidney injury. Key words: volume status, intravenous fluids, fluid balance, acute kidney injury, volume excess

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46

Liu, Fei, Yongfei Li, Xuewu Wang y Zhizeng Xia. "Preparation and Properties of Reversible Emulsion Drilling Fluid Stabilized by Modified Nanocrystalline Cellulose". Molecules 29, n.º 6 (13 de marzo de 2024): 1269. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules29061269.

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Reversible emulsion drilling fluids can concentrate the advantages of water-based drilling fluids and oil-based drilling fluids. Most of the existing reversible emulsion drilling fluid systems are surfactant-based emulsifier systems, which have the disadvantage of poor stability. However, the use of modified nanoparticles as emulsifiers can significantly enhance the stability of reversible emulsion drilling fluids, but ordinary nanoparticles have the disadvantages of high cost and easily causing environmental pollution. In order to solve the shortcomings of the existing reversible emulsion drilling fluid system, the modified nanocrystalline cellulose was considered to be used as an emulsifier to prepare reversible emulsion drilling fluid. After research, the modified nanocrystalline cellulose NWX-3 can be used to prepare reversible emulsions, and on this basis, reversible emulsion drilling fluids can be constructed. Compared with the reversible emulsion drilling fluid stabilized by HRW-DMOB (1.3 vol.% emulsifier), the reversible emulsion drilling fluid stabilized by the emulsifier NWX-3 maintained a good reversible phase performance, filter cake removal, and oily drill cuttings treatment performance with less reuse of emulsifier (0.8 vol.%). In terms of temperature resistance (150 °C) and stability (1000 V < W/O emulsion demulsification voltage), it is significantly better than that of the surfactant system (temperature resistance 120 °C, 600 V < W/O emulsion demulsification voltage < 650 V). The damage of reservoir permeability of different types of drilling fluids was compared by physical simulation, and the damage order of core gas permeability was clarified: water-based drilling fluid > reversible emulsion drilling fluid > oil-based drilling fluid. Furthermore, the NMR states of different types of drilling fluids were compared as working fluids, and the main cause of core permeability damage was the retention of intrusive fluids in the core.

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Moritz, Robert P. y Serge R. Chevé. "Fluid-inclusion studies of high-grade metamorphic rocks of the Ashuanipi complex, eastern Superior Province: constraints on the retrograde P–T path and implications for gold metallogeny". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 29, n.º 10 (1 de octubre de 1992): 2309–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e92-180.

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The high-grade metamorphic rocks of the Ashuanipi complex have been the subject of a microthermometric fluid-inclusion study. Four types of fluid inclusions were observed: CO2-rich fluids; low-temperature, high-salinity H2O fluids; CH4 ± N2-rich fluids; and high-temperature, low-salinity H2O fluids. The regionally distributed CO2-rich fluids are the earliest fluids, and their calculated isochores indicate a clockwise post-peak metamorphic P–T–t path for the Ashuanipi complex. The low-temperature, high-salinity aqueous fluid inclusions are also distributed regionally and can be interpreted as late brines, retrograde metamorphic fluids, or the wicked-off aqueous component of H2O–CO2 fluid inclusions. Both CH4 ± N2-rich fluids and the high-temperature, low-salinity aqueous fluid inclusions were found only locally in gold-bearing metamorphosed banded iron formations. Fluid-inclusion microthermometry, arsenopyrite thermometry, and metamorphic petrologic study at Lac Lilois, one of the principal gold showings, suggest that some gold deposition may have occurred during regional post-peak metamorphic exhumation and cooling at P–T conditions near the amphibolite–greenschist transition. However, it is possible that gold deposition began at higher near-peak metamorphic P–T conditions. Another major gold showing, Arsène, is characterized by CH4 ± N2-rich fluid inclusions, tentatively inferred to be either directly related to gold deposition or responsible for secondary gold enrichment. The association of CH4 ± N2-rich fluids with gold occurrences in the Ashuanipi complex is comparable to gold deposits of the Abitibi greenstone belt and of Wales, Finland, and Brazil.

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Sun, Ming Li, Ming Qiang Wang, De Wu, Qi Chen y Guang Zhang. "Simulation of Tracking the Fluid-Fluid Interface with the Level Set Method". Advanced Materials Research 305 (julio de 2011): 287–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.305.287.

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This paper shows how to model two immiscible fluids, tracking the fluid-fluid interface with the level set method. An oil bubble rises through water and merges with oil already residing at the top of the container. The Level Set application mode finds the fluid interface by tracing the isolines of the level set function.

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Majdan, R., Z. Tkáč, J. Kosiba, R. Abrahám, J. Jablonický, Ľ. Hujo y M. Mojžiš. "Evaluation of tractor biodegradable hydraulic fluids on the basis of hydraulic pump wear". Research in Agricultural Engineering 59, No. 3 (18 de septiembre de 2013): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/18/2012-rae.

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Two types of biodegradable hydraulic fluids (HEES and HEPR) with the mineral oil-based hydraulic fluid (HV) were compared. The tests were performed using a test bench. During the tests with a tractor hydraulic pump, the fluids were loaded by a cyclic pressure load. The tests of fluids were evaluated on the basis of wear of the pump. Evaluation parameters were the flow characteristics of the pump and the cleanliness level of tested fluids. The temperature of the fluid under which the test was performed was measured in real operating conditions of the Zetor Forterra 11441 tractor. It is possible to state upon the test results that the mineral oil-based fluid was classified in the first place, the biodegradable fluid of the HEPR type in the second place, and the biodegradable fluid of the HEES type received the last position.  

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Ingelse, Sarah A., Marloes M. IJland, Lex M. van Loon, Reinout A. Bem, Job B. M. van Woensel y Joris Lemson. "Early restrictive fluid resuscitation has no clinical advantage in experimental severe pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome". American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 320, n.º 6 (1 de junio de 2021): L1126—L1136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00613.2020.

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Intravenous fluids are widely used to treat circulatory deterioration in pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome (PARDS). However, the accumulation of fluids in the first days of PARDS is associated with adverse outcome. As such, early fluid restriction may prove beneficial, yet the effects of such a fluid strategy on the cardiopulmonary physiology in PARDS are unclear. In this study, we compared the effect of a restrictive with a liberal fluid strategy on a hemodynamic response and the formation of pulmonary edema in an animal model of PARDS. Sixteen mechanically ventilated lambs (2–6 wk) received oleic acid infusion to induce PARDS and were randomized to a restrictive or liberal fluid strategy during a 6-h period of mechanical ventilation. Transpulmonary thermodilution determined extravascular lung water (EVLW) and cardiac output (CO). Postmortem lung wet-to-dry weight ratios were obtained by gravimetry. Restricting fluids significantly reduced fluid intake but increased the use of vasopressors among animals with PARDS. Arterial blood pressure was similar between groups, yet CO declined significantly in animals receiving restrictive fluids ( P = 0.005). There was no difference in EVLW over time ( P = 0.111) and lung wet-to-dry weight ratio [6.1, interquartile range (IQR) = 6.0–7.3 vs. 7.1, IQR = 6.6–9.4, restrictive vs. liberal, P = 0.725] between fluid strategies. Both fluid strategies stabilized blood pressure in this model, yet early fluid restriction abated CO. Early fluid restriction did not limit the formation of pulmonary edema; therefore, this study suggests that in the early phase of PARDS, a restrictive fluid strategy is not beneficial in terms of immediate cardiopulmonary effects.

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