Tesis sobre el tema "Fluid"
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Yerlett, T. K. "Enthalpies of fluids and fluid mixtures". Thesis, University of Bristol, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.355339.
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Cardillo, Giulia. "Fluid Dynamic Modeling of Biological Fluids : From the Cerebrospinal Fluid to Blood Thrombosis". Thesis, Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IPPAX110.
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Dans cette thèse, trois modèles mathématiques ont été proposés, avec l’objectif de modéliser autant d’aspects complexes de la biomédecine, dans lesquels la dynamique des fluides du système joue un rôle fondamental: i) les interactions fluide-structure entre la pulsatilité du liquide céphalo-rachidien et la moelle épinière (modélisation analytique); ii) dispersion efficace d’un médicament dans l’espace sous-arachnoïdien (modélisation numérique); et iii) la formation et l’évolution d’un thrombus au sein du système cardiovasculaire (modélisation numérique).Le liquide céphalorachidien est un fluide aqueux qui entoure le cerveau et la moelle épinière afin de les protéger. Une connaissance détaillée de la circulation du liquide céphalorachidien et de son interaction avec les tissus peut être importante dans l’étude de la pathogenèse de maladies neurologiques graves, telles que la syringomyélie, un trouble qui implique la formation de cavités remplies de liquide (seringues) dans la moelle épinière.Par ailleurs, dans certains cas, des analgésiques - ainsi que des médicaments pour le traitement de maladies graves telles que les tumeurs et les infections du liquide céphalorachidien - doivent être administrés directement dans le liquide céphalorachidien. L’importance de connaître et de décrire l’écoulement du liquide céphalorachidien, ses interactions avec les tissus environnants et les phénomènes de transport qui y sont liés devient claire. Dans ce contexte, nous avons proposé: un modèle capable de décrire les interactions du liquide céphalo-rachidien avec la moelle épinière, considérant cela, pour la première fois, comme un milieu poreux imprégné de différents fluides (sang capillaire et veineux et liquide céphalo-rachidien); et un modèle capable d’évaluer le transport d’un médicament dans l’espace sousarachnoïdien, une cavité annulaire remplie de liquide céphalo-rachidien qui entoure la moelle épinière.Avec le troisième modèle proposé, nous entrons dans le système cardiovasculaire.Dans le monde entière, les maladies cardiovasculaires sont la cause principale de mortalité. Parmi ceux-ci, nous trouvons la thrombose, une condition qui implique la formation d’un caillot à l’intérieur d’un vaisseau sanguin, qui peut causer sa occlusion. À cet égard, un modèle numérique a été développé qui étudie la formation et l’évolution des thrombus, en considérant simultanément les aspects chimico-biomécaniques et dynamiques des fluides du problème. Dans le modèle proposé pour la première fois, l'importance du rôle joué par les gradients de contrainte de cisaillement dans le processus de thrombogenèse est pris en compte.Les modèles sélectionnés ont fourni des résultats intéressants. Tout d’abord, l’étude des interactions fluide-structure entre le liquide céphalo-rachidien et la moelle épinière a mis en évidence es conditions pouvant induire l’apparition de la syringomyélie. Il a été observé comment la déviation des valeurs physiologiques du module d’Young de la moelle épinière, les pressions capillaires dans l’interface moelle-espace sousarachnoïdien et la perméabilité des compartiments capillaire et veineux, conduisent à la formation de seringues.Le modèle de calcul pour l’évaluation de la dispersion pharmacologique dans l’espace sousarachnoïdien a permis une estimation quantitatif de la diffusivité effective du médicament, une quantité qui peut aider à l’optimisation des protocoles d’injections intrathécales.Le modèle de thrombogenèse a fourni un instrument capable d’étudier quantitativement l’évolution des dépôts de plaquettes dans la circulation sanguine. En particulier, les résultats ont fourni des informations importantes sur la nécessité de considérer le rôle de l’activation mécanique et de l’agrégation des plaquettes aux côtés de la substance chimiqueIn the present thesis, three mathematical models are described. Three different biomedical issues, where fluid dynamical aspects are of paramount importance, are modeled: i) Fluid-structure interactions between cerebro-spinal fluid pulsatility and the spinal cord (analytical modeling); ii) Enhanced dispersion of a drug in the subarachnoid space (numerical modeling); and iii) Thrombus formation and evolution in the cardiovascular system (numerical modeling).The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a liquid that surrounds and protects the brain and the spinal cord. Insights into the functioning of cerebrospinal fluid are expected to reveal the pathogenesis of severe neurological diseases, such as syringomyelia that involves the formation of fluid-filled cavities (syrinxes) in the spinal cord.Furthermore, in some cases, analgesic drugs -- as well drugs for treatments of serious diseases such as cancers and cerebrospinal fluid infections -- need to be delivered directly into the cerebrospinal fluid. This underscores the importance of knowing and describing cerebrospinal fluid flow, its interactions with the surrounding tissues and the transport phenomena related to it. In this framework, we have proposed: a model that describes the interactions of the cerebrospinal fluid with the spinal cord that is considered, for the first time, as a porous medium permeated by different fluids (capillary and venous blood and cerebrospinal fluid); and a model that evaluates drug transport within the cerebrospinal fluid-filled space around the spinal cord --namely the subarachnoid space--.The third model deals with the cardiovascular system. Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide, among these diseases, thrombosis is a condition that involves the formation of a blood clot inside a blood vessel. A computational model that studies thrombus formation and evolution is developed, considering the chemical, bio-mechanical and fluid dynamical aspects of the problem in the same computational framework. In this model, the primary novelty is the introduction of the role of shear micro-gradients into the process of thrombogenesis.The developed models have provided several outcomes. First, the study of the fluid-structure interactions between cerebro-spinal fluid and the spinal cord has shed light on scenarios that may induce the occurrence of Syringomyelia. It was seen how the deviation from the physiological values of the Young modulus of the spinal cord, the capillary pressures at the SC-SAS interface and the permeability of blood networks can lead to syrinx formation.The computational model of the drug dispersion has allowed to quantitatively estimate the drug effective diffusivity, a feature that can aid the tuning of intrathecal delivery protocols.The comprehensive thrombus formation model has provided a quantification tool of the thrombotic deposition evolution in a blood vessel. In particular, the results have given insight into the importance of considering both mechanical and chemical activation and aggregation of platelets
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CARDILLO, GIULIA. "Fluid Dynamic Modeling of Biological Fluids: From the Cerebrospinal Fluid to Blood Thrombosis". Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2845786.
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Rekhi, Dipinder Singh. "Fluid visualization and fluid solvers". Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=98775.
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Fluid visualization techniques and fluid solvers are widely used in computer graphics and scientific visualization. There is a wide variety of fluid visualization methods. We discuss in detail an important visualization technique known as the Line Integral Convolution (LIC). We perform an experiment to show how the LIC results are affected by the input parameter. We also discuss the nature of the fluid velocity field and provide a brief classification of various fluid visualization techniques.This is followed by fluid solvers, which model the dynamics of the underlying fluid and are used to generate the discrete vector field that represents the velocity of the fluid on a set of sampled physical locations. The Navier-Stokes equations, which model the underlying fluid, are explained. We provide a detailed derivation and explanation of a widely used fluid solver known as the Stable Fluid Solver, developed by Jos Stam. Experiments are performed to demonstrate the method. To convey the motivation behind this work, we also briefly discuss the fluid solver developed by Harlow and Welch, which is based on a mathematical technique known as finite differencing.
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Osman, S. M. "Theoretical studies of the fluid-fluid interface". Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.382833.
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Balta, Samire. "On fluid-body and fluid-network interactions". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2017. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10040783/.
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The thesis presents a study of dynamically coupled fluid-body and fluid-network interactions. The aim is to develop mathematical models and address certain problems regarding the interaction between solid and surrounding fluid as well as solid and solid and flow in branching networks. Three general configurations of the interaction are considered. First, a rigid body surrounded by a fluid in a channel is studied. Second, lift-off of a rigid body in flow is examined. Third, fluid dynamical networks with multiple branching and reconnections are investigated. Regarding the first configuration, the prime concerns are with the effects of a time dependent indentation, as the body travels through, and with the effects of a flexible patch of containing wall. Early-time responses examined analytically show the gradually growing influence from the distortion of the walls. Ensuing finite-time clashing of the body with the channel walls and the properties of the unsteady nonlinear wake behind this body are also investigated. In the second configuration, we investigate criteria for lift-off of a thin solid body from the surface and the ensuing unsteady two-dimensional motion. The body can either lift off and fly away or return to the surface in a finite time. A critical value for fly-away is found. In reference to the third configuration, control of the internal flow networks by virtue of the outer end pressures is investigated together with effects from the individual vessel shapes and lengths. A single nonlinear evolution equation is derived rationally which within a certain range admits the influence of all the end pressures as well as the overall features of vessel shape and determines the flow through the whole network.
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Tain, Ra-Min. "An investigation of CHF fluid-to-fluid scaling and multi-fluid prediction techniques". Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/9605.
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More than 800 points of critical heat flux (CHF) data were measured from three test rigs (UO, MR-7A and MR-1A loops). The UO loop is a multi-fluid boiling loop located at the University of Ottawa, in which HFC-134a, HCFC-123, HCFC-22, CFC-12 and CFC-11 have been tested. The CHF data of HFC-134a and HCFC-123 are the first ever published for these fluids. HFC-134a and HFC-123 are non-ozone and low-ozone depletion fluids. The CHF data from the UO loop cover the range of mass flux from 1 to 4 Mg m$\sp{-2}$ s$\sp{-1}$, pressure from 7 to 10 MPa of water-equivalent (water-equivalent is defined as the same dimensionless parameters, e.g. $\rho\sb{\rm f}$/$\rho\sb{\rm g}$ and $\Psi\sb{\rm k}$, of flow condition for non-aqueous fluids as those for water) and heated length from 0.5 to 1 meter. The inner diameter of the test section is 4.2 mm. The MR-7A and MR-1A loops are the refrigerant and boiling water loops, respectively, located at the Chalk River Laboratories of AECL. In the MR-7A loop, CHF data were measured using HCFC-22 as a coolant for the following conditions: mass flux: 1-8 Mg m$\sp{-2}$ s$\sp{-1}$, pressure: 7 and 10 MPa (water-equiv.), heated length: 0.67-1.61 m, and inner diameter: 4.38 and 8 mm. The CHF data for water from the MR-1A loop cover mass flux: 2.5-8 Mg m$\sp{-2}$ s$\sp{-1}$, pressure: 7 and 10 MPa, heated length: 1.75 m, an inner diameter: 8 mm. HFC-134a, HCFC-123 and HCFC-22 are found suitable to replace the CFC's in the CHF experiment for water CHF simulation. The CHF fluid-to-fluid and multi-fluid prediction techniques were examined based on the CHF data of various fluids measured in the present work. Two analytical CHF models were assessed and compared to data from the 5 fluids tested in this investigation. The CHF similarity between water and refrigerants was also examined via the analysis of geometric, thermodynamic and hydrodynamic similarities. A new methodology has been established to investigate the limitations of the CHF fluid-to-fluid scaling technique. The analysis of CHF similarity through the thermodynamic relationship leads to the conclusion that, not only the local thermodynamic quality, but also the upstream history (e.g. heating, flashing, friction, changes of kinetic energy and potential energy, etc.) are important factors in determining the CHF scaling accuracy. Finally, the limitations of the CHF fluid-to-fluid scaling technique were determined in terms of the scaling accuracy.
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Eriksen, Daniel. "Molecular-based approaches to modelling carbonate-reservoir fluids : electrolyte phase equilibria, and the description of the fluid-fluid interface". Thesis, Imperial College London, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/49242.
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In this thesis, a new approach to parameterization of the intermolecular potential models of ionic species in electrolyte solutions for the SAFT-VRE Mie theory is presented. Additionally, a predictive approach to the description of the fluid-fluid interface of non-electrolytic, non-associating mixtures is presented. These approaches are intended to support an integrated workflow for the study of the fluid systems relevant for carbon capture and sequestration. The parameterization methodology developed for the intermolecular potential models of ionic species in the SAFT-VRE Mie theory reduces the parameters to be estimated from solution data to a single interaction-energy per solvent-ion pair. This is achieved through the use of literature values for the ion-size parameter, and theoretical estimates for the ion-ion interaction energy. Additionally, the Born diameters of the ion models are taken to be those of Rashin and Honig, and not estimated from data. This approach is applied to the monovalent halides as well as select divalent ions. The resulting models reproduce the solvation energy in H2O to within 5 % error at standard conditions for the monovalent halides. Furthermore, the electrolyte models are demonstrated to provide a fair description of aqueous electrolytes when considering the limited parameterization. The predictive description of the fluid-fluid interface, is achieved by an approach in which the Square Gradient Theory (SGT) and the SAFT-VR Mie EOS are combined. The SGT influence parameter is mapped to the SAFT-VR Mie intermolecular model parameters through the relationship with the direct correlation function. The resulting model is parametrized by matching simulation data for the interfacial tension of λr-6 Mie monomeric fluids. A final evaluation of the model is carried out against non-associating systems of up to 4 species, for which predictive capabilities are demonstrated.
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Ellam, Darren John. "Modelling smart fluid devices using computational fluid dynamics". Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.398597.
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Long, P. J. G. "Experimental studies of fluid-fluid displacement in annuli". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386649.
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Kwan, Tsz Wai Alan. "Fluid spaces". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/106368.
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Thesis: S.M. in Art, Culture, and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Architecture, 2016.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
"June 2016." Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 91-92).
In this thesis, I explore a form of video game that is free from modes of competition and mechanics of puzzle-solving. Instead, this form of video game focuses on creating first-person encounters with evocative spaces that do not urge for actions but allow players to wander, and to daydream. Such encounters do not connect players to other characters or players, but instead, to the depths of their own past. To achieve this goal, I develop a spatial design approach for video game, which aims to create a form of intimacy in 3D virtual environments that induces a state of suspended playing in the players, evoking their memories and bringing them to daydream. This spatial design approach also includes a method for sequencing spaces in video game called the First Person Experiential Model for Spatial Montage, which takes into account the players' moment-by-moment perception as they move between different spaces in the game, and analyze the cumulative psychological effects of spatial order, directionality of the trajectories, and connection devices between spaces such as doors and gates. For testing and demonstrating the principles of this spatial design approach, I create a single-player video game called The Hallway, which places the players into the first-person perspective of a 5-year-old child, who, after being expelled by his father, wanders in the hallway outside his home. By traversing this constantly-evolving hallway, the players not only encounter evocative spaces that give concrete shape to their childhood memories of rejection and insecurity, but also confront spatial paradoxes that allow them to experience the stuckness and anxiety felt by the child.
by Tsz Wai Alan Kwan.
S.M. in Art, Culture, and Technology
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Jane, Sarah. "Fluid Experience". Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1353468701.
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Maurer, Jaclyn y Linda Houtkooper. "Fluid First". College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/146467.
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Goode, Peter Allan. "Momentum transfer across fluid-fluid interfaces in porous media". Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/847.
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Thillaisundaram, Ashok. "Aspects of fluid dynamics and the fluid/gravity correspondence". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2017. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/267097.
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This thesis considers various extensions to the fluid/gravity correspondence as well as problems fundamental to the study of fluid dynamics. The fluid/gravity correspondence is a map between the solutions of the Navier-Stokes equations of fluid dynamics and the solutions of the Einstein equations in one higher spatial dimension. This map arose within the context of string theory and holography and is a specific realisation of a much wider class of dualities known as the Anti de Sitter/Conformal Field Theory (AdS/CFT) correspondence. The first chapter is an introduction; the second chapter reviews the fluid/gravity correspondence. The next two chapters extend existing work on the fluid/gravity map. Our first result concerns the fluid/gravity map for forced fluid dynamics in arbitrary spacetime dimensions. Forced fluid flows are of particular interest as they are known to demonstrate turbulent behaviour. For the case of a fluid with a dilaton-dependent forcing term, we present explicit expressions for the dual bulk metric, the fluid dynamical stress tensor and Lagrangian to second order in boundary spacetime derivatives. Our second result concerns fluid flows with multiple anomalous currents in the presence of external electromagnetic fields. It has recently been shown using thermodynamic arguments that the entropy current for such anomalous fluids contains additional first order terms proportional to the vorticity and magnetic field. Using the fluid/gravity map, we replicate this result using gravitational methods. The final two chapters consider questions related to the equations of fluid dynamics themselves; these chapters do not involve the fluid/gravity correspondence. The first of these chapters is a review of the various constraints that must be satisfied by the transport coefficients. In the final chapter, we derive the constraints obtained by requiring that the equilibrium fluid configurations are linearly stable to small perturbations. The inequalities that we obtain here are slightly weaker than those found by demanding that the divergence of the entropy current is non-negative.
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Merson, Stuart James. "Fluid balance : sweat loss and fluid intake in humans". Thesis, Loughborough University, 2004. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/34200.
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Hypohydration can impair the performance of exercise, and fluid balance is therefore of importance to athletes. This thesis aimed to investigate factors regarding fluid losses and gains, with a view to the performance of exercise. Chapter 3 investigated the effect of ingesting 600ml of hypotonic and hypertonic glucose solutions on blood, plasma and red cell volume in resting individuals. Ingestion of 6% and 12% hypertonic glucose solutions showed evidence of a transient decrease in blood and plasma volume possibly due to fluid movement into the intestinal lumen from the body. There was also a suggestion that ingestion of a 2% glucose solution increases blood and plasma volume in comparison to a 0% glucose solution.
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Andersson, Tomas. "Controlling the fluid dynamics : an analysis of the workflow of fluids". Thesis, University of Gävle, Department of Mathematics, Natural and Computer Sciences, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-155.
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A scene containing dynamic fluids can be created in a number of ways. There are two approaches that will highlight the problems and obstacles that might occur. Today’s leading fluid simulator, RealFlow, simulates the fluid dynamics. A comparison between the two approaches will be made and are analyzed. Through experimentation, one of the approaches fails to produce the set requirements in the experiment and furthermore the two approaches differ in efficiency.
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Chen, Wei. "Theoretical study of multi-component fluids confined in porous media". Thesis, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ENSL0624.
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Un milieu poreux ou un matériau poreux comprend deux régions interconnectées : une perméable par un gaz ou un liquide et l’autre imperméable. Beaucoup de substances naturelles comme les roches, le sol et les tissus biologiques (par exemple, os, bio-membranes) sont poreuses ainsi que les matériaux manufacturés comme les ciments et les céramiques, etc. Les matériaux poreux ont des applications technologiques importantes et nombreuses, par exemple, comme tamis moléculaires, catalyseurs ou senseurs chimiques. Il existe un nombre très important d’études en expérience et en théorie pour comprendre la structure des matériaux poreux ainsi que les propriétés des substances confinées dans ces matériaux. Dans leur travail de pionnier, Madden et Glandt ont proposé un modèle très simple pour l’adsorption de fluide dans des milieux poreux désordonnés. Dans ce modèle, on forme la matrice en prenant une configuration figée instantanément d’un système à l’équilibre (“quench” en anglais) et puis un fluide est introduit dans une telle matrice. Récemment, T. Patsahan, M. Holovko et W. Dong ont généralisé la “scaled particle theory” (SPT) aux fluides confinés et obtenu ainsi des équations d’état analytiques pour un fluide de sphère dure dans plusieurs modèles de matrice. Dans un premier temps, j’ai développé la version de la SPT pour un mélange de sphères dures additives confiné en milieu poreux. Les expressions pour les valeurs au contact de différentes fonctions de distribution ont été obtenues également. J’ai effectué aussi des simulations de Monte Carlo. Les résultats de ces simulations sont utilisés pour valider les résultats théoriques. Ensuite, j’ai étudié aussi la séparation de phase d’un mélange binaire des sphères dures non additives confiné dans un milieu poreux. Pour obtenir l’équation d’état, nous avons utilisé une théorie de perturbation en prenant un fluide de sphères dures additive comme système de référence. Les résultats donnés par cette théorie sont en bon accord avec les résultats de simulation Monte CarloA porous medium or a porous material (called as frame or matrix also) usually consists of two interconnected rejoins: one permeable by a gas or a liquid, i.e., pore or void, and the other impermeable. Many natural substances such as rocks, soils, biological tissues (e.g., bio membranes, bones), and manmade materials such as cements, foams and ceramics are porous materials. Porous materials have important technological applications such as molecular sieve, catalyst, chemical sensor, etc. In recent years, there have been considerable investigations for understanding thoroughly the structure of these materials as well as the behavior of substances confined in them. Much effort (both experimental and theoretical) has been devoted to the study of porous materials. In their pioneering work, a very simple model for the fluid adsorption in random porous media was proposed by Madden and Glandt. The matrix in Madden-Glandt model is made by quenching an equilibrium system. Then, a fluid is adsorbed in such a matrix. Recently, T. Patsahan, M. Holovko and W. Dong have extended the scaled particle theory (SPT) to confined fluids and derived analytical equations of state (EOS) for a hard sphere (HS) fluid in some matrix models. In this thesis, using SPT method, I obtained the equation of state of additive hard-sphere (AHS) fluid mixtures confined in porous media. The contact values of the fluid-fluid and fluid-matrix radial distribution functions (RDF) were derived as well. The results of the contact values of the RDFs and the chemical potentials of different species were assessed against Monte Carlo simulations. Moreover, I analyzed also the fluid-fluid phase separation of non-additive hard sphere (NAHS) fluid confined in porous media. An equation of state is derived by using a perturbation theory with a multi-component fluid reference. The results of this theory are in good agreement with those obtained from semi grand canonical ensemble Monte Carlo simulations
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Aya, Bernal Hollmann David. "The fluid challenge technique : standardization of fluid administration and assessment of fluid responsiveness in critically ill patients". Thesis, St George's, University of London, 2016. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.719149.
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The objective of this thesis is to analyse the fluid challenge technique. The hypothesis is that a fluid challenge performed in different ways will lead to different results, and so different clinical decisions. If this were true, standardization of the technique would be desirable. The fluid challenge is a very heterogeneous technique. It is mainly used in the process of haemodynamic optimisation for both high-risk surgical patients and septic patients respectively. This therapeutic intervention reduces morbidity and the length of hospital stay for patients who have received cardiac surgery. In order to observe the effect of the fluid challenge, independent from the cardiac function, I measured surrogates of the mean systemic filling pressure (Pmsf). The Pmsf-analogue (Pmsa) increased in both responders and non-responders. The duration of the haemodynamic effect of a fluid challenge is similar in both groups after ten minutes. The least significant change of the Pmsf-arm, a second technique to estimate the Pmsf, is 14% with a single measurement. The minimal dose of crystalloids required to increase the Pmsf-arm by 14%, in a group of post-operative cardiac patients, is about 4 mL/Kg as a proportion to their total body weight. Importantly for this study, the proportion of responders increased along with the dosage of fluids used, confirming my initial hypothesis. A similar study was also conducted in septic patients using between 2 and 5 ml/Kg. None of the doses used increased the Pmsf-arm beyond the limits of precision, and the estimation suggests that about 10 ml/Kg would be required in this group of patients. Finally, no differences were observed in microcirculation after a fluid challenge of 4 ml/Kg between responders and non-responders. However, the baseline microcirculatory variables were good predictors of the changes after the fluid challenge. In conclusion, the response to a fluid challenge depends on the technique used. Full standardisation of this technique is necessary to avoid misleading interpretations.
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Bentata, Omar. "Étude expérimentale d'un anneau tourbillonnaire en fluide newtonien et non newtonien en régime faiblement inertiel". Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2013. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/9703/1/bentata.pdf.
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Cette thèse est une étude expérimentale de la formation et de la maturation d’un anneau tourbillonnaire. Elle porte sur les écoulements faiblement inertiels (Reynolds : 5 à 500) en fluide newtonien puis non newtonien. Les anneaux sont générés par un système cylindre-piston. Ils sont analysés par visualisation et par vélocimétrie par images de particules (PIV). La dynamique en fluide newtonien à faible nombre de Reynolds se révèle plus complexe que celle à grands Reynolds avec l’apparition d’un anneau secondaire contrarotatif. Les résultats obtenus en fluide rhéofluidifiant montrent l’influence de l’indice de comportement ainsi que les zones de comportement rhéofluidifiant et newtonien. Les explorations en fluides viscoplastique et viscoélastique montrent la formation d’un ou plusieurs anneaux secondaires contrarotatifs, qui diffèrent dans leur formation et leur dynamique des anneaux observés en fluide newtonien et que l’on associe aux propriétés physiques intrinsèques du fluide.
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Barker, Shaun y sbarker@eos ubc ca. "Dynamics of fluid flow and fluid chemistry during crustal shortening". The Australian National University. Research School of Earth Sciences, 2007. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20090711.074630.
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In this thesis, an integrated structural and chemical approach has been used to investigate the spatial and temporal evolution of fluid chemistry, and fluid flow pathways, during crustal shortening. The Taemas Vein Swarm is hosted in a limestone-shale sequence, the Murrumbidgee Group, in the Eastern Belt of the Lachlan Orogen, in New South Wales, Australia. The Taemas Vein Swarm (TVS) is composed of calcite ± quartz veins, hosted in a series of faults and fractures, which extends over an area of approximately 20 km2. The Murrumbidgee Group is composed of several formations, comprising massive grey micritic limestones, redbed sandstones and shales,and thinly interbedded (1020 cm scale) limestones and shales.
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The sedimentary sequence has been folded into a series of upright, open to close
folds, and was probably deformed during either mid-late Devonian, or early Carboniferous, crustal shortening. To the east, the Murrumbidgee Group is overthrust
by a Silurian volcanic sedimentary sequence along the Deakin-Warroo Fault System.
Crosscutting and overprinting relationships demonstrate that vein growth was synchronous with folding, with different vein types related to different fold mechanisms
at various stages of fold growth.
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Flexural slip folding led to the development of bedding-concordant veins (hereafter
called bedding-parallel veins). Flexural flow in semicompetent to incompetent beds
caused en echelon extension vein arrays to grow. Decoupling between beds, and
dilatancy at fold hinges led to significant vein growth. In addition, fold lock-up led to
limb-parallel stretching, and the growth of bedding-orthogonal extension fractures.
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Vein growth is inferred to have occurred in a compressional tectonic regime (i.e.
sigma3=vertical). Oxygen isotope quartz-calcite thermometry suggests that veins formed at temperatures of 100200 oC. The depth of vein formation may have been between
about 5 and 8 km. Vein textures indicate that growth of veins occurred during
multiple cycles of permeability enhancement and destruction. Subhorizontal extension
fractures, and faults at unfavourable angles for reactivation, imply that fluid
pressures exceeded lithostatic levels during the growth of some veins. Coexisting
extension and shear fractures imply that differential stress levels varied over time.
¶
Flexural slip continued throughout folding at Taemas, despite some fold limbs
being at angles extremely unfavourable for reactivation ( > 60). As folds approached
frictional lock-up, flexural slip continued to occur when supralithostatic fluid pressures were developed. Therefore, large, bedding-discordant faults were not
developed to accommodate strain during folding, explaining a deficiency of larger
faults in the TVS.
¶
Infiltration of overpressured fluids occurred into the base of the Murrumbidgee
Group, and was channelled into a distributed mesh of small faults and fractures.
At the point that a connected backbone flow network developed in the TVS, highpressure
fluids would no longer be available to allow continuing flexural slip on fold
limbs approaching lockup. Thereafter, larger faults would develop, which would
adjust the fault population in the TVS to a more typical displacement-frequency
distribution. This had not occurred in the Taemas area by the time crustal shortening
ceased. An abundance of small faults, and fracturing driven by invasion of
overpressured fluid, implies that the TVS formed via an earthquake swarm process.
¶
Modern analytical techniques, utilising laser ablation sampling technology, allow
high-spatial resolution chemical data to be collected from syntectonic veins. Insights
into the role that fluid-mineral interface processes may have on the chemistry of minerals grown in syntectonic veins were provided by an experimental study. Moderate sized ( < 1−5 mm) synthetic calcite crystals were successfully grown to investigate the uptake of rare earth elements (REE) into calcite. Changes in crystal morphology are linked to variable solution chemistry, which has important implications for the interpretation of hydrothermal vein textures. High-spatial resolution chemical analyses of synthetic calcite crystals demonstrate significant fluctuations in REE concentrations over distances of < 200 μm within calcite crystals. Time-equivalent regions on different crystal faces have significantly different REE concentrations,
indicating that fluctuations in calcite trace element composition cannot be interpreted
exclusively in terms of changing bulk fluid composition. Rare earth element
anomalies (Eu/Eu* and Ce/Ce*) are not significantly influenced by compositional
zoning, and may be robust indicators of changes in solution bulk chemistry and fluid
oxidation state.
¶
Changes in isotopic ratios (13C, 18O and 87Sr/86Sr), and trace element concentrations in veins from the TVS are related to variations in fluid source, flow pathways and chemical conditions (e.g. trace element complexation, precipitation rate, fluid oxidation) during hydrothermal fluid flow. This integrated structural, textural and chemical approach has direct application to the examination of hydrothermal veins
in fracture-hosted ore deposits, and may allow the fluid source and/or chemical
conditions conducive to the formation of high-grade ore to be discerned.
¶
Vein 18O compositions systematically increase upwards through the Murrumbidgee
Group, caused by progressive reaction of an externally derived, low-18O fluid (of
probable meteoric origin) with host limestones. Vein 18O and 87Sr/86Sr compositions vary spatially and temporally within the same outcrop, and within individual veins, which is inferred to be caused by the ascent of packages of fluid along constantly changing flow pathways. Fluid-buffered oxygen isotope ratios at the earliest stages of deformation imply that the TVS formed via an invasion percolation process. Fluid pathways are inferred to have changed constantly, with fractures toggleswitching between high-permeability and low-permeability states, due to repeated
fracture opening and sealing events.
22
Hsia, Chun-Hsiung. "Bifurcation and stability in fluid dynamics and geophysical fluid dynamics". [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3223038.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Mathematics, 2006."Title from dissertation home page (viewed June 28, 2007)." Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-06, Section: B, page: 3165. Adviser: Shouhong Wang.
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Paton, Jonathan. "Computational fluid dynamics and fluid structure interaction of yacht sails". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2011. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/14036/.
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This thesis focuses on the numerical simulation of yacht sails using both computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and fluid structure interaction (FSI) modelling. The modelling of yacht sails using RANS based CFD and the SST turbulence model is justified with validation against wind tunnel studies (Collie, 2005; Wilkinson, 1983). The CFD method is found to perform well, with the ability to predict flow separation, velocity and pressure profiles satisfactorily. This work is extended to look into multiple sail interaction and the impact of the mast upon performance. A FSI solution is proposed next, coupling viscous RANS based CFD and a structural code capable of modelling anistropic laminate sails (RELAX, 2009). The aim of this FSI solution is to offer the ability to investigate sails' performance and flying shapes more accurately than with current methods. The FSI solution is validated with the comparison to flying shapes of offwind sails from a bespoke wind tunnel experiment carried out at the University of Nottingham. The method predicted offwind flying shapes to a greater level of accuracy than previous methods. Finally the CFD and FSI solution described here above is showcased and used to model a full scale Volvo Open 70 racing yacht, including multiple offwind laminate sails, mast, hull, deck and twisted wind profile. The model is used to demonstrate the potential of viscous CFD and FSI to predict performance and aid in the design of high performance sails and yachts. The method predicted flying shapes and performance through a range of realistic sail trims providing valuable data for crews, naval architects and sail designers.
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Kirby, Stephanie M. "Controlled Generation and Characterization of Multi-component Fluid/Fluid Interfaces". Research Showcase @ CMU, 2017. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/883.
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The stabilization of multiphase fluid formulations via addition of multiple surface active materials is widespread across various industries and applications. The properties of the air/water and oil/water interfaces that are affected by these materials, including surface tension and elasticity, have been shown to correspond to measurable changes in desirable bulk properties, such as foam and emulsion stability. However, equilibrium interfacial tension values are rarely enough to predict or design stability. Understanding the dynamic interfacial behavior of these materials is critical for improving formulation design. This work aims to characterize the interfacial properties of multi-component systems at air/water and oil/water interfaces. A microtensiometer platform is used to measure interfacial tension and interfacial mechanics to quantify multi-species adsorption under a variety of conditions, including adsorption time, concentration, and ionic strength. This technique is used to characterize several model systems, encompassing nonionic and anionic surfactants, rhamnolipid biosurfactants, hydrophobin proteins and surfactant-particle complexes. Dynamic interfacial tension measurements of surfactant systems reveal the irreversible adsorption behavior of a polymeric surfactant and rhamnolipids, as well as the effects of added small molecule surfactants on their persistence at the interface. For larger adsorbed species, measuring the interfacial mechanics is important to capture adsorption behavior more completely. Through precise control of bulk solution properties, rigid incompressible protein and nanoparticle films are created that can effectively stabilize interfaces. The unique interfacial mechanics of the films are only observed when the interfaces are generated utilizing a controlled adsorption procedure. The results on these model systems highlight the complex nature of the interactions of multiple species on an interface. Systematic modification of the bulk solution allows for the generation of mixed interfaces where interfacial properties that are traditionally confounded by bulk species interaction or dispersion instability can be probed. These interfacial measurements contribute to the overall understanding of the importance of processing as well as composition on desirable formulation properties.
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Wang, Gerald J. (Gerald Jonathan). "Atomistic engineering of fluid Structure at the fluid-solid interface". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/121850.
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Thesis: Ph. D. in Mechanical Engineering and Computation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2019Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 131-141).
Under extreme confinement, fluids exhibit a number of remarkable effects that cannot be predicted using macroscopic fluid mechanics. These phenomena are especially pronounced when the confining length scale is comparable to the fluid's internal (molecular) length scale. Elucidating the physical principles governing nanoconfined fluids is critical for many pursuits in nanoscale engineering. In this thesis, we present several theoretical and computational results on the structure and transport properties of nanoconfined fluids. We begin by discussing the phenomenon of fluid layering at a solid interface. Using molecular-mechanics principles and molecular-dynamics (MD) simulations, we develop several models to characterize density inhomogeneities in the interfacial region. Along the way, we introduce a non-dimensional number that predicts the extent of fluid layering by comparing the effects of fluid-solid interaction to thermal energy.
We also present evidence for a universal scaling relation that relates the density enhancement of layered fluid to the non-dimensional temperature, valid for dense-fluid systems. We then apply these models of fluid layering to the problem of anomalous fluid diffusion under nanoconfinement. We show that anomalous diffusion is controlled by the degree of interfacial fluid layering; in particular, layered fluid exhibits restricted diffusive dynamics, an effect whose origins can be traced to the (quasi-) two dimensionality and density enhancement of the fluid layer. We construct models for the restricted diffusivity of interfacial fluid, which enables accurate prediction of the overall diffusivity anomaly as a function of confinement length scale. Finally, we use these earlier developments to tackle the notorious problem of dense fluid slip at a solid interface.
We propose a molecular-kinetic theory that formulates slip as a series of thermally activated hops performed by interfacial fluid molecules, under the influence of the bulk fluid shear stress, within the corrugated energy landscape generated by the solid. This theory linearizes to the Navier slip condition in the limit of low shear rate, captures the central features of existing models, and demonstrates excellent agreement with MD simulation as well as experiments.
by Gerald J. Wang.
Ph. D. in Mechanical Engineering and Computation
Ph.D.inMechanicalEngineeringandComputation Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering
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Harris, Rodney Morton. "THE ONSET OF INSTABILITY IN A TRIPLY-DIFFUSIVE FLUID LAYER". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/275307.
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Crapper, Martin. "Fluid mud modelling". Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318237.
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Hussain, Muhammad Imtiaz. "Computational fluid dynamics". Thesis, Aberystwyth University, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.257607.
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Woods, Andrew W. "Geophysical fluid flows". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.306472.
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Savva, Nikos. "Viscous fluid sheets". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/41725.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mathematics, 2007.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 108-117).
We present a general theory for the dynamics of thin viscous sheets. Employing concepts from differential geometry and tensor calculus we derive the governing equations in terms of a coordinate system that moves with the film. Special attention is given to incorporating inertia and the curvature forces that arise from the thickness variations along the film. Exploiting the slenderness of the film, we assume that the transverse fluid velocity is small compared to the longitudinal one and perform a perturbation expansion to obtain the leading order equations when the center-surface that defines the coordinate system is parametrized by lines of curvature. We then focus on the dynamics of flat film rupture, in an attempt to gain some insights into the sheet breakup and its fragmentation into droplets. By combining analytical and numerical methods, we extend the prior work on the subject and compare our numerical simulations with experimental work reported in the literature.
by Nikos Savva.
Ph.D.
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Wylie, Jonathan James. "Geological fluid mechanics". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.627211.
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Da, Silva Rui Pitanga Marques. "Organic fluid mixtures as working fluids for the trilateral flash cycle system". Thesis, City University London, 1989. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/7945/.
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The requirements for power generation systems have been reviewed together with the various energy sources available for them. Geothermal energy has been examined in more detail and the principal methods of recovering power from it which are currently employed are discussed. A novel method for improved power recovery from geothermal sources called the Trilateral Flash Cycle (TFC) system is described which has the special requirement of an efficient two-phase expander. Optimum results are obtained from this cycle if a working fluid is used which leaves the expander as dry saturated vapour. A binary mixture of hydrocarbons was therefore sought which by variation of the constituent proportions, would satisfy this requirement for a range of inlet temperatures when the condensing temperature is constant. Methods of estimating mixture properties are reviewed and the chosen thermodynamic model, as well as a computational procedure for evaluation of vapour-liquid equilibria of organic binary mixtures at high pressures, are described. This is based on the Redlich-Kwong- Soave cubic equation of state. By this means a mixture of n-pentane and 2,2-dimethylpropane (neopentane) was found to be the most suitable for the TFC system for expander inlet temperatures between 150-180'C. Temperature-entropy (T-S) diagrams of this organic binary mixture were obtained for several compositions. Bubble and dew pressures of (n-pentane + 2,2-dimethylpropane) have been determined experimentally for five different compositions at six different temperatures, (333.15 K, 353.15 K, 373.15 K, 393.15 K, 413.15 K, and 433.15 K). Vapour pressures of pure n-pentane and pure neo-pentane were also determined at these temperatures. The critical point of neo-pentane was measured to assess the accuracy of the isothermal compression apparatus used. Theoretical predictions were found to be in good agreement with experimental measurements.
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LOAIZA, JUAN CARLOS VALDEZ. "SIMULATION OF A REFRIGERATION SYSTEM WORKING WITH NANO-FLUIDS AS SECONDARY FLUID". PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2009. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=14553@1.
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CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOEstudou-se, numericamente, a utilização de nanofluidos como fluidos secundários em sistemas de refrigeração por compressão de vapor. Foi desenvolvido um modelo de simulação de um sistema água-água com compressor alternativo e condensador e evaporador de tubo duplo reto. O método de multi-zonas foi utilizado na simulação dos trocadores de calor. As zonas bifásicas, por sua vez, foram discretizadas para levar em conta a variação local do coeficiente de transferência de calor. No caso do condensador determinou-se o coeficiente de transferência de calor a partir de um mapa de escoamento bifásico. No evaporador o nanofluido escoa na seção circular (interna) enquanto que o refrigerante escoa na seção anular. Um programa baseado na plataforma EES foi desenvolvido para a solução do sistema de equações algébricas não lineares resultantes do modelo matemático. Os resultados da simulação mostram que, para a mesma capacidade frigorífica, a área de troca de calor no evaporador e a queda de pressão no lado do refrigerante diminuem quando: (i) a concentração volumétrica das nanopartículas e a temperatura do fluido-base aumentam; (ii) o diâmetro das nanopartículas diminui. Observou-se, também, que a queda de pressão do lado do nanofluido e, conseqüentemente, a potência de bombeamento, aumentam com a concentração volumétrica de nanopartículas, mas diminuem para diâmetros das nanopartículas menores e temperaturas mais elevadas do fluido-base. Os resultados para um sistema típico mostraram que o uso de nanofluidos como fluidos secundários pode levar a uma redução de até 6% na área do evaporador, quando comparado com o fluido-base convencional.
The use of nanofluids as secondary coolants in vapor compression refrigeration systems was numerically studied. A simulation model for a liquid-towater heat pump, with reciprocating compressor and straight double-tube condenser and evaporator was studied. The multi-zone method was employed in the modeling of the heat exchangers. By their turn, the two-phase regions of both condenser and evaporator were discretized to take into account the local variation of the refrigerant condensing and boiling heat transfer coefficients. In the condenser two-phase region, the local heat transfer coefficient was determined as a function of the governing two-phase flow regime. The nanofluid was supposed to flow through the inner circular section of the evaporator, while the refrigerant was left to the annular passage. A computational program, based on EES (Engineering Equation Solver) package, was developed to solve the resulting non-linear system of algebraic equations. Different nanoparticles (Cu, Al2O3, CuO and TiO2) were studied for different volumetric concentrations and particle diameters. Simulation results have shown that, for a given refrigerating capacity, evaporator area and refrigerant-side pressure drop are reduced when: (i) the volumetric concentration of nanoparticles and nanofluid temperature increase; (ii) the diameter of nanoparticles decrease. Also, nanofluid-side pressure drop and, consequently, pumping power, increase with nanoparticle volumetric concentration and decrease with nanoparticle diameter and nanofluid temperature. Results from a typical case-study indicated an evaporator area reduction of up to 6%, with the use of nanofluids as secondary coolant, if compared to the conventional base-fluid (H2O).
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Giwa, Giwa Solomon Olanrewaju. "Investigation into thermal-fluid properties of hybrid ferrofluids as heat transfer fluids". Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/77818.
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Over two decades of extensive research on nanofluids have established them as a better cooling media than traditional fluids such as ethylene glycol (EG) and water. Recently, hybrid nanofluids have emerged as advanced thermal transport media with improved thermal and fluid properties relative to nanofluids. Experimentally, limited studies have been carried out on the thermo- and thermomagnetic convection heat transfer of nanofluids in cavities. However, there is a dearth of documentation on the thermo- and thermomagnetic convection of hybrid nanofluids in cavities in the public domain.
In this study, the thermo-convection heat transfer (Qav) performance of three magnetic hybrid nanofluids (MHNFs) contained in a rectangular cavity was experimentally investigated with and without magnetic stimuli. Aqueous MWCNT-ferrofluid (AMF) [MWCNT-Fe2O3/deionised water (DIW)], aqueous Al2O3-ferrofluid (AAF) [Al2O3-Fe2O3/DIW] and bi-aqueous Al2O3-ferrofluid (BAAF) [Al2O3-Fe2O3/EG-DIW] were formulated for volume concentrations (𝜑) of 0.05 to 0.40 vol.%. Key nanofluid formulation parameters of dispersion fraction, sonication time and amplitude were optimised to improve stability of the MHNFs. Stability, characterisation and thermal properties (μ and κ at 20-40 °C) of the MHNFs were carried out using standard instruments. AMF, BAAF, AAF, DIW and EG-DIW were charged into a rectangular cavity subjected to differential heating of the opposite vertical walls under varying ΔT of 20 to 35 °C. Samples of AMF, BAAF and AAF with the highest heat transfer were thereafter charged into the cavity where the walls (bottom, top and side) were exposed to magnetic stimuli (4.89 – 21.95 mT).
Stable MHNFs were formulated according to the optimised parameters as verified using an ultraviolet visible spectrophotometer and visible inspection techniques. The images of the transmission electron microscope for the MHNFs showed an even suspension of the nanoparticles into DIW and EG-DIW. An increase in temperature and 𝜑 was observed to enhance κeff of AMF, BAAF and AAF by 3.83% to 14.17%, 2.14% to 12.56% and 2.21% to 10.51% respectively. Temperature rise detracted μeff and 𝜑 enhanced it for AMF, BAAF and AAF with augmentation of 11.83% to 28.79%, 1.66% to 13.33% and 4.55% to 20.43% respectively. With the MHNFs, higher κeff and lower μeff were recorded in comparison with the monoparticle nanofluids of Fe2O3, which made the MHNFs beneficial for convective heat transfer studies. Additionally, models were developed for predicting the κeff and μeff of AMF, BAAF and AAF from the obtained experimental data.
Without magnetic stimuli, the Qav of AMF, BAAF and AAF was enhanced at 𝜑 ≤ 0.20 vol.% and attenuation was the case beyond 𝜑 = 0.20 vol.%. Optimum Qav enhancements of 11.2%, 10.09% and 10.79% were achieved for AMF (at 0.05 vol.%), BAAF (at 0.05 vol.%) and AAF (at 0.10 vol.%) respectively. Models were proposed for estimating the Nuav of AMF, BAAF and AAF. The vertical imposition of the magnetic stimuli on the sidewall of the cavity led to maximum enhancements of Qav by 4.48%, 4.02% and 4.31% for the AMF, BAAF and AAF samples respectively. These values were recorded for magnetic stimuli of 21.95 mT for AMF and AAF, and 11.84 mT for AAF. The MHNFs were observed to yield higher Qav than monoparticle nanofluids of Fe2O3 with and without magnetic stimuli.
Conclusively, the κeff, μeff and Qav of AMF, BAAF and AAF were found to be better than those of the monoparticle nanofluids of Fe2O3, which revealed the benefit of NP hybridisation for engineering application, especially in thermo- and thermomagnetic convection studies.Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2019.
Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering
PhD
Unrestricted
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Bocchi, Edoardo. "Compressible-incompressible transitions in fluid mechanics : waves-structures interaction and rotating fluids". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0279/document.
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Ce manuscrit porte sur les transitions compressible-incompressible dans les équations aux dérivées partielles de la mécanique des fluides. On s'intéresse à deux problèmes : les structures flottantes et les fluides en rotation. Dans le premier problème, l'introduction d'un objet flottant dans les vagues induit une contrainte sur le fluide et les équations gouvernant le mouvement acquièrent une structure compressible-incompressible. Dans le deuxième problème, le mouvement de fluides géophysiques compressibles est influencé par la rotation de la Terre. L'étude de la limite à rotation rapide montre que le champ vectoriel de vitesse tend vers une configuration horizontale et incompressible.Les structures flottantes constituent un exemple particulier d'interaction fluide-structure, où un solide partiellement immergé flotte à la surface du fluide. Ce problème mathématique modélise le mouvement de convertisseurs d'énergie marine. En particulier, on s'intéresse aux bouées pilonnantes, installées proche de la côte où les modèles asymptotiques en eaux peu profondes sont valables. On étudie les équations de Saint-Venant axisymétriques en dimension deux avec un objet flottant à murs verticaux se déplaçant seulement verticalement. Les hypothèses sur le solide permettent de supprimer le problème à bord libre associé avec la ligne de contact entre l'air, le fluide et le solide. Les équations pour le fluide dans le domaine extérieur au solide sont donc écrites comme un problème au bord quasi-linéaire hyperbolique. Celui-ci est couplé avec une EDO non-linéaire du second ordre qui est dérivée de l'équation de Newton pour le mouvement libre du solide. On montre le caractère bien posé localement en temps du système couplé lorsque que les données initiales satisfont des conditions de compatibilité afin de générer des solutions régulières.Ensuite on considère une configuration particulière: le retour à l'équilibre. Il s'agit de considérer un solide partiellement immergé dans un fluide initialement au repos et de le laisser retourner à sa position d'équilibre. Pour cela, on utilise un modèle hydrodynamique différent, où les équations sont linearisées dans le domaine extérieur, tandis que les effets non-linéaires sont considérés en dessous du solide. Le mouvement du solide est décrit par une équation intégro-différentielle non-linéaire du second ordre qui justifie rigoureusement l'équation de Cummins, utilisée par les ingénieurs pour les mouvements des objets flottants. L'équation que l'on dérive améliore l'approche linéaire de Cummins en tenant compte des effets non-linéaires. On montre l'existence et l'unicité globale de la solution pour des données petites en utilisant la conservation de l'énergie du système fluide-structure.Dans la deuxième partie du manuscrit, on étudie les fluides en rotation rapide. Ce problème mathématique modélise le mouvement des flots géophysiques à grandes échelles influencés par la rotation de la Terre. Le mouvement est aussi affecté par la gravité, ce qui donne lieu à une stratification de la densité dans les fluides compressibles. La rotation génère de l'anisotropie dans les flots visqueux et la viscosité turbulente verticale tend vers zéro dans la limite à rotation rapide. Notre interêt porte sur ce problème de limite singulière en tenant compte des effets gravitationnels et compressibles. On étudie les équations de Navier-Stokes-Coriolis anisotropes compressibles avec force gravitationnelle dans la bande infinie horizontale avec une condition au bord de non glissement. Celle-ci et la force de Coriolis donnent lieu à l'apparition des couches d'Ekman proche du bord. Dans ce travail on considère des données initiales bien préparées. On montre un résultat de stabilité des solutions faibles globales pour des lois de pression particulières. La dynamique limite est décrite par une équation quasi-géostrophique visqueuse en dimension deux avec un terme d'amortissement qui tient compte des couches limitesThis manuscript deals with compressible-incompressible transitions arising in partial differential equations of fluid mechanics. We investigate two problems: floating structures and rotating fluids. In the first problem, the introduction of a floating object into water waves enforces a constraint on the fluid and the governing equations turn out to have a compressible-incompressible structure. In the second problem, the motion of geophysical compressible fluids is affected by the Earth's rotation and the study of the high rotation limit shows that the velocity vector field tends to be horizontal and with an incompressibility constraint.Floating structures are a particular example of fluid-structure interaction, in which a partially immersed solid is floating at the fluid surface. This mathematical problem models the motion of wave energy converters in sea water. In particular, we focus on heaving buoys, usually implemented in the near-shore zone, where the shallow water asymptotic models describe accurately the motion of waves. We study the two-dimensional nonlinear shallow water equations in the axisymmetric configuration in the presence of a floating object with vertical side-walls moving only vertically. The assumptions on the solid permit to avoid the free boundary problem associated with the moving contact line between the air, the water and the solid. Hence, in the domain exterior to the solid the fluid equations can be written as an hyperbolic quasilinear initial boundary value problem. This couples with a nonlinear second order ODE derived from Newton's law for the free solid motion. Local in time well-posedness of the coupled system is shown provided some compatibility conditions are satisfied by the initial data in order to generate smooth solutions.Afterwards, we address a particular configuration of this fluid-structure interaction: the return to equilibrium. It consists in releasing a partially immersed solid body into a fluid initially at rest and letting it evolve towards its equilibrium position. A different hydrodynamical model is used. In the exterior domain the equations are linearized but the nonlinear effects are taken into account under the solid. The equation for the solid motion becomes a nonlinear second order integro-differential equation which rigorously justifies the Cummins equation, assumed by engineers to govern the motion of floating objects. Moreover, the equation derived improves the linear approach of Cummins by taking into account the nonlinear effects. The global existence and uniqueness of the solution is shown for small data using the conservation of the energy of the fluid-structure system.In the second part of the manuscript, highly rotating fluids are studied. This mathematical problem models the motion of geophysical flows at large scales affected by the Earth's rotation, such as massive oceanic and atmospheric currents. The motion is also influenced by the gravity, which causes a stratification of the density in compressible fluids. The rotation generates anisotropy in viscous flows and the vertical turbulent viscosity tends to zero in the high rotation limit. Our interest lies in this singular limit problem taking into account gravitational and compressible effects. We study the compressible anisotropic Navier-Stokes-Coriolis equations with gravitational force in the horizontal infinite slab with no-slip boundary condition. Both this condition and the Coriolis force cause the apparition of Ekman layers near the boundary. They are taken into account in the analysis by adding corrector terms which decay in the interior of the domain. In this work well-prepared initial data are considered. A stability result of global weak solutions is shown for power-type pressure laws. The limit dynamics is described by a two-dimensional viscous quasi-geostrophic equation with a damping term that accounts for the boundary layers
36
Georgeton, Gus Konstantinos. "Group contribution equations of state for complex fluid mixtures". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/11772.
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Lewerentz, Alexander. "Fluid-induced alteration of metasedimentary rocks in the Scottish Highlands". Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för geologiska vetenskaper, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-146121.
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Fluids, mainly H2O and CO2, are released from H- and C-bearing phases during prograde metamorphism. Because of the buoyancy of these fluids, they rise within the crust towards the surface of the Earth. Metamorphic fluids take advantage of permeable horizons, shear zones, fold hinges, fractures, and are channelled into high-flux zones. Fluid fluxes for channelized fluid flow may exceed background pervasive fluxes by several orders of magnitude. Metamorphic fluids react with the surrounding rock during fluid flow, and altered zones are commonly observed adjacent to high-flux conduits. Fluid-altered rock is texturally, mineralogically, chemically, and isotopically different from rock unaffected by fluid flow. In this thesis, fluid-rock interaction is studied at two localities in the Scottish Highlands: Glen Esk and the Isle of Islay. Glen Esk is one of the type localities used by George Barrow (1853-1932) to propose the concept of metamorphic zones and metamorphic index minerals as an approximate determination of metamorphic grade. In several of the metamorphic zones in Glen Esk, index mineral distribution is highly dependent on proximity to veins. The occurrence of index minerals is therefore not only controlled by pressure and temperature, but also by the availability of metamorphic fluids. Evidence of a retrograde fluid flow event from the North Esk Fault is observed in Glen Esk, for which a time-averaged fluid flux of 0.0003 – 0.0126 m3∙m-2∙yr-1 is calculated. The duration of the fluid event is estimated to between 16 and 334 kyr. On the Isle of Islay, kyanite is observed in rocks of chlorite or lower-biotite metamorphic grade, i.e. much lower temperatures than usually associated with kyanite formation. The favoured explanation for this is retrograde infiltration of extremely high-CO2 fluids, at least locally XCO2 > 0.7, at ~340°C, which altered these rocks and stabilised kyanite in a carbonate-bearing assemblage. Oxygen and carbon stable isotope profiles across the Islay Anticline reveals highly channelized fluid flow along the axial region of this fold, with fluid:rock ratios at least four times higher than in rock farther away from the fold. Although carbon and oxygen isotope ratios of metacarbonate rocks were altered along the Islay Anticline, negative anomalies observed below and above the Port Askaig Tillite Formation cannot solely be attributed to metamorphic fluid flow, which implies that these rocks to varying degree retain their primary paleoclimatological isotopic signatures.Stora volymer H2O och CO2 frigörs som fluider under prograd metamorfos. Metamorfa fluider har lägre densitet än det omgivande berget, varför de stiger genom jordskorpan mot jordytan. Metamorfa fluider kanaliseras i permabla lager, skjuvzoner, veckaxlar, sprickor och andra högflödeszoner. Kanaliserade fluidflöden kan vara flera storleksordningar högre än bakgrundsvärdet för fluidflöde inom en bergart. Metamorfa fluider reagerar under transport med det omgivande berget och bildar fluidomvandlade zoner i anslutning till högflödeskanaler. Fluidomvandlat berg uppvisar texturella, mineralogiska, kemiska och isotopsammansättningsmässiga skillnader i jämförelse med berg som inte utsatts för fluidomvandling. I denna avhandling behandlas reaktioner mellan fluid och berg som studerats i två lokaler i de skotska högländerna: Glen Esk och Islay. Glen Esk är en av de typlokaler som George Barrow (1853-1932) använde för att lägga fram konceptet om metamorfa zoner och metamorfa indexmineral som används för att ungefärligt uppskatta metamorf grad. I flera av de metamorfa zonerna är förekomsten av indexmineral i hög grad beroende av närhet till kvartsådror, vilket visar att bildandet av indexmineral inte bara styrs av tryck och temperatur, utan också av åtkomst till metamorfa fluider. I Glen Esk finns också spår av ett fluidflöde från North Esk-förkastningen, under retrograda metamorfa förhållanden, för vilket mededfluidflödet över tid uppgår till 0.0003 – 0.0126 m3∙m-2∙år-1. Denna fluidflödeshändelse beräknas ha pågått mellan 16 000 och 334 000 år. På ön Islay i de sydvästra högländerna återfinns bergarter, som trots sin låga metamorfa grad i klorit- eller biotitzonen innehåller mineralet kyanit, dvs. temperaturer långt under vad som vanligen associeras med kyanitbildning. Detta förklaras med infiltration av fluider med extremt hög CO2-halt, åtminstone lokalt så högt som XCO2 > 0.7, vid ca. 340°C. Fluidomvandling av dessa bergarter stabiliserade kyanit tillsammans med karbonatmineral. Syre- och kolisotopprofiler över Islayantiklinen påvisar hög kanalisering av fluider längs dess veckaxeln. Förhållandet mellan fluid och berg var mer än fyra gånger så högt i närheten av veckaxeln jämfört lokaler längre ifrån densamma. Påverkan av metakarbonatbergarters isotopförhållanden har skett längs Islayantiklinen, men fluidpåverkan kan inte ensamt förklara de isotopanomalier som observerats under och ovan Port Askaig-tilliten, varför dessa bergarter kan ha bibehållit sin primära paleoklimatologiska isotopsignatur.
At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 2: Submitted. Paper 3: Manuscript.
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Al, Nahari Alhashmi Zaki Mahmoud Sharif. "Modelling single-phase fluid-fluid reactive transport at the pore-scale". Thesis, Imperial College London, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/41967.
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Reactive transport is an important field of study in the earth sciences. It captures both natural phenomena, and industrial and environmental applications, including transport of pollutants in the subsurface, nuclear waste storage, and carbon storage. The aim of this thesis is to provide a better understanding of coupled physico-chemical processes governing these phenomena as well as to be used as tools for better understanding these environmental applications. We introduce from first principles a novel pore-scale modelling approach capable of simulating single-phase fluid-fluid reactive transport directly on voxels of 3D images of porous media constructed from X-ray tomography. We use a streamline-based particle tracking method for simulating flow and transport, while for reaction to occur, both reactants must be within a diffusive distance. We assign a probability of reaction, as a function of the reaction rate constant and the diffusion length. The model for reaction is validated against analytical solutions in a free fluid as well as against experimental data on reactive transport in porous media. It takes into account the degree of incomplete mixing present at the sub-pore level. We demonstrate the nature of dynamic changes in the reaction rate, which is related to the degree of pore-scale mixing. Our model does not use any calibrating parameters to fit empirical data unlike other models published in the literature. The model is then extended to investigate the impact of pore structure heterogeneity, transport, and reaction conditions on the overall reaction rate in porous media by studying different classes of porous media. The overall reaction rate varies significantly according to the degree of heterogeneity and transport conditions. It is found that the rate of reaction is a subtle combination of the amount of mixing and spreading that cannot be predicted from the dispersion coefficient alone. At low Péclet number, the effective reaction rate is principally controlled by the amount of mixing due to diffusion. On the other hand, at high Péclet number the reaction rate is controlled by a combination of pore-scale mixing due to spreading and the degree of heterogeneity of the pore structure.
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麥民光 y Man-kwong Mak. "The relativistic static charged fluid sphere and viscous fluid cosmological model". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31237526.
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Kelly, Jason. "Fluid flow through low permeability successions : the application of fluid inclusions". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.401364.
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Mouslim, Abderrazzak. "Tests of Fluid-to-Fluid Scaling Laws for Supercritical Heat Transfer". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/38912.
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A comparison of available fluid-to-fluid scaling laws for scaling convective heat transfer at supercritical pressures showed that the ones suggested by Zahlan, Groeneveld and Tavoularis (ZGT) have some advantages. The applicability of the ZGT laws was tested for pairs of fluids including carbon dioxide, water or Refrigerant R134a. The conditions of previous measurements taken in the Supercritical University of Ottawa Loop with CO2 flowing vertically upwards in an electrically heated tube with 8 mm ID were scaled to equivalent conditions in R134a and new measurements of the heat transfer coefficient (HTC) were taken in the same tube using the latter fluid. The inlet pressure was 1.13 times the critical pressure (4.06 MPa), the mass flux was in the range from 212 kg/m^2 s to 1609 kg/m^2 s, the heat flux was in the range from 2 kW/m^2 to 137 kW/m^2, and the inlet temperature was in the range from 62 ℃ to 105 ℃. The HTC at equivalent conditions in water was also determined with the use of transcritical look-up tables. Average and linearly varying corrections to the ZGT scaling laws were derived by statistical analysis for each pair of fluids under NHT or DHT conditions. Such corrections reduced the standard deviation of the scaling error but did not eliminate the presence of large errors under many sets of conditions. As expected, scaling errors were in general larger for DHT than NHT conditions. The present results did not reveal any systematic and correctable dependence of the scaling error upon the mass flux or heat flux but showed that scaling errors became particularly large as the bulk temperature T_b approached the pseudocritical temperature T_pc. In conclusion, the ZGT scaling laws appear to be fairly accurate for the three pairs of fluids considered in the liquid-like region with T_b/T_pc ≤ 0.94 and possibly in the gas-like region with T_b/T_pc ≥ 1.02, whereas outside this range scaling errors could be significant. It was also found that the ZGT scaling laws do not scale accurately the onset of DHT in different fluids.
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Liu, Li. "Computational fluid dynamics modelling of complex fluid flow in stirred vessels". Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2014. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/4753/.
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Fluid mixing in stirred vessels is widely encountered in a number of industries. In this work, different experimental techniques and the CFD modelling approach are used to measure the mixing of a wide range of fluids in stirred vessels. As the detailed validation is essential for CFD modelling, CFD predictions are compared in detail with different experimental measurements. The capability of CFD modelling of the 3D spatial distribution of velocity and solid concentration within opaque concentrated solid-liquid suspensions with the mean solid concentration up to 40 wt% is assessed by comparing with the experimental data obtained from positron emission particle tracking (PEPT) measurements. Because the impeller configuration is of significant importance to the flow pattern, the performance of different impellers for single-phase mixing of Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids in stirred vessels is compared. CFD predictions of flow fields generated from different impellers are compared with those measured by the well-established particle image velocimetry (PIV) technique. The capability of CFD modelling of different mixing features of non-Newtonian fluids in stirred vessels are verified by comparing with experimental data obtained from PIV, PEPT, and planar laser induced fluorescence (PLIF) measurements.
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Ichinose, Matthew Hiroki. "Fluid Agitation Studies for Drug Product Containers using Computational Fluid Dynamics". DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2018. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1980.
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At Amgen, the Automated Vision Inspection (AVI) systems capture the movement of unwanted particles in Amgen's drug product containers. For quality inspection, the AVI system must detect these undesired particles using a high speed spin-stop agitation process. To better understand the fluid movements to swirl the particles away from the walls, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is used to analyze the nature of the two phase flow of air and a liquid solution.
Several 2-D and 3-D models were developed using Fluent to create simulations of Amgen's drug product containers for a 1 mL syringe, 2.25 mL syringe, and a 5 mL cartridge. Fluid motion and potential bubble formations were studied within the liquid/gas domain inside the container by varying parameters such as viscosity, angular velocity, and surface tension. Experiments were conducted using Amgen's own equipment to capture the images of the spin-stop process and validate the models created in Fluent. Observations were made to see the effects of bubble formation or splashing during spin-down to rest.
The numerical and experimental results showed favorable comparison when measuring the meniscus height or the surface profile between the air and liquid. Also, at high angular velocity and dynamic viscosity, the container experiences instabilities and bubble formations. These studies indicate that CFD can be used as an useful and important tool to study fluid movement during agitation and observe any undesirable results for quality inspection.
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Mak, Man-kwong. "The relativistic static charged fluid sphere and viscous fluid cosmological model /". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19324352.
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From, Christopher. "High-order lattice Boltzmann for nonideal fluid mixtures". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2020. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/200190/1/Christopher_From_Thesis.pdf.
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Nonideal fluid mixtures are ubiquitous in nature and the study of their fundamental dynamics is important in many areas of modern science, such as miniaturized flow processes for portable small-scale medical diagnostic tools. However, numerical simulations of such flows face a formidable multi-scale challenge due to the competing nonideal interactions. This thesis presents a novel numerical model for simulating nonideal fluid mixtures based on high-order lattice Boltzmann methods. A solution to gauge the physical interpretations of nonideal interactions is proposed and with this, previously unknown transport properties are derived, including, the equation of state, interface tension, diffusion coefficient, and contact angle.
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Jenkins, R. E. "Studies of veterinary drugs by supercritical fluid extraction, supercritical fluid chromatography and supercritical fluid chromatography-mass spectrometry in equine samples". Thesis, Swansea University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.637419.
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Initially, the feasibility of using supercritical fluid chromatography as a means of analysing veterinary drugs was investigated. The classes of drugs that were studied included xanthins, corticosteroids and diuretics. Packed column supercritical fluid chromatography interfaced to mass spectrometry using the moving belt and thermospray interfaces was also investigated as a method of analysis. Standard mixture of the drugs were successfully separated and detected using supercritical fluid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Supercritical fluid extraction was investigated for its potential as an alternative extraction technique for horse feed. A variety of horse feeds were investigated using supercritical fluid extraction with supercritical fluid chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry as the analysis methods. Water was demonstrated to enhance extraction of caffeine and theobromine. Hordenine, caffeine and theobromine were successfully extracted from the different horse feeds. Finally, coupled supercritical fluid extraction - supercritical fluid chromatography interfaced to a mass spectrometer was investigated. It was used as a means of extracting and detecting corticosteroids from horse urine. Results obtained demonstrate the potential of coupled supercritical fluid systems in the field of drug analysis.
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Anselme, Marc Joseph. "The critical properties of thermally stable and unstable fluids and dilute fluid mixtures". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/11778.
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Götz, Dario [Verfasser]. "Three topics in fluid dynamics: Viscoelastic, generalized Newtonian, and compressible fluids / Dario Götz". München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1029400113/34.
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Ivakhnenko, Oleksandr Petrovych. "Magnetic analysis of petroleum reservoir fluids, matrix mineral assemblages and fluid-rock interactions". Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/140.
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Harries, Alun M. "Investigating viscous fluid flow in an internal mixer using computational fluid dynamics". Thesis, Aston University, 2000. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/13261/.
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This thesis presents an effective methodology for the generation of a simulation which can be used to increase the understanding of viscous fluid processing equipment and aid in their development, design and optimisation. The Hampden RAPRA Torque Rheometer internal batch twin rotor mixer has been simulated with a view to establishing model accuracies, limitations, practicalities and uses. As this research progressed, via the analyses several 'snap-shot' analysis of several rotor configurations using the commercial code Polyflow, it was evident that the model was of some worth and its predictions are in good agreement with the validation experiments, however, several major restrictions were identified. These included poor element form, high man-hour requirements for the construction of each geometry and the absence of the transient term in these models. All, or at least some, of these limitations apply to the numerous attempts to model internal mixes by other researchers and it was clear that there was no generally accepted methodology to provide a practical three-dimensional model which has been adequately validated. This research, unlike others, presents a full complex three-dimensional, transient, non-isothermal, generalised non-Newtonian simulation with wall slip which overcomes these limitations using unmatched ridding and sliding mesh technology adapted from CFX codes. This method yields good element form and, since only one geometry has to be constructed to represent the entire rotor cycle, is extremely beneficial for detailed flow field analysis when used in conjunction with user defined programmes and automatic geometry parameterisation (AGP), and improves accuracy for investigating equipment design and operation conditions. Model validation has been identified as an area which has been neglected by other researchers in this field, especially for time dependent geometries, and has been rigorously pursued in terms of qualitative and quantitative velocity vector analysis of the isothermal, full fill mixing of generalised non-Newtonian fluids, as well as torque comparison, with a relatively high degree of success. This indicates that CFD models of this type can be accurate and perhaps have not been validated to this extent previously because of the inherent difficulties arising from most real processes.