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Literatura académica sobre el tema "Flow Emulator"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 10 de marzo de 2023

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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Flow Emulator"

Tran, Hoang, Elena Leonarduzzi, Luis De la Fuente, Robert Bruce Hull, Vineet Bansal, Calla Chennault, Pierre Gentine, Peter Melchior, Laura E. Condon y Reed M. Maxwell. "Development of a Deep Learning Emulator for a Distributed Groundwater–Surface Water Model: ParFlow-ML". Water 13, n.º 23 (1 de diciembre de 2021): 3393. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13233393.

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Integrated hydrologic models solve coupled mathematical equations that represent natural processes, including groundwater, unsaturated, and overland flow. However, these models are computationally expensive. It has been recently shown that machine leaning (ML) and deep learning (DL) in particular could be used to emulate complex physical processes in the earth system. In this study, we demonstrate how a DL model can emulate transient, three-dimensional integrated hydrologic model simulations at a fraction of the computational expense. This emulator is based on a DL model previously used for modeling video dynamics, PredRNN. The emulator is trained based on physical parameters used in the original model, inputs such as hydraulic conductivity and topography, and produces spatially distributed outputs (e.g., pressure head) from which quantities such as streamflow and water table depth can be calculated. Simulation results from the emulator and ParFlow agree well with average relative biases of 0.070, 0.092, and 0.032 for streamflow, water table depth, and total water storage, respectively. Moreover, the emulator is up to 42 times faster than ParFlow. Given this promising proof of concept, our results open the door to future applications of full hydrologic model emulation, particularly at larger scales.

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Ross, Molly y Hitesh Bindra. "Statistical Mechanics-Based Surrogates for Scalar Transport in Channel Flow". Fluids 6, n.º 2 (10 de febrero de 2021): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fluids6020079.

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Thermal hydraulics, in certain components of nuclear reactor systems, involve complex flow scenarios, such as flows assisted by free jets and stratified flows leading to turbulent mixing and thermal fluctuations. These complex flow patterns and thermal fluctuations can be extremely critical from a reactor safety standpoint. The component-level lumped approximations (0D) or one-dimensional approximations (1D) models for such components and subsystems in safety analysis codes cannot capture the physics accurately, and may introduce a large degree of modeling uncertainty. On the other hand, high-fidelity computational fluid dynamics codes, which provide numerical solutions to the Navier–Stokes equations, are accurate but computationally intensive, and thus cannot be used for system-wide analysis. An alternate way to improve reactor safety analysis is by building reduced-order emulators from computational fluid dynamics (CFD) codes to improve system scale models. One of the key challenges in developing a reduced-order emulator is to preserve turbulent mixing and thermal fluctuations across different-length scales or time-scales. This paper presents the development of a reduced-order, non-linear, “Markovian” statistical surrogate for turbulent mixing and scalar transport. The method and its implementation are demonstrated on a canonical problem of differentially heated channel flow, and high-resolution direct numerical simulations (DNS) data are used for emulator or surrogate development. This statistical surrogate model relies on Kramers–Moyal expansion and emulates the turbulent velocity signal with a high degree of accuracy.

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Owen, Nathan E. y Lorena Liuzzo. "Impact of land use on water resources via a Gaussian process emulator with dimension reduction". Journal of Hydroinformatics 21, n.º 3 (19 de marzo de 2019): 411–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2019.067.

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Abstract The replacement of models by emulators is becoming a frequent approach in environmental science due to the reduction of computational time, and different approaches exist in the water resources modelling literature. In this work, an emulator to mimic a hydrological model at catchment scale is proposed, taking into account the effect of land use on the hydrological processes involved in water balance. The proposed approach is novel for its combination of techniques. The dimension of the temporal model output is reduced via principal component analysis, and this reduced output is approximated using Gaussian process emulators built on a conditioned Latin hypercube design to reflect constrained land use inputs. Uncertainty from both the model approximation and the dimension reduction is propagated back to the space of the original output. The emulator has been applied to simulate river flow in a rural river basin located in south west England, the Frome at East Stoke Total, but the methodology is general. Results showed that the use of the emulator for water resources assessment at catchment scale is an effective approach, providing accurate estimates of the model output as a function of land use inputs, for a reduction of the computational burden.

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Dhoolia, Pankaj, Vineet Kumar, Danish Contractor y Sachindra Joshi. "Bootstrapping Dialog Models from Human to Human Conversation Logs". Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 35, n.º 18 (18 de mayo de 2021): 16024–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v35i18.18000.

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State-of-the-art commercial dialog platforms provide powerful tools to build a conversational agent. These platforms provide complete control to the dialog designer to model user-agent interactions. However, a dialog designer needs to rely on domain experts to manually build the dialog model -- by creating dialog flow nodes and modeling user intents. This process is laborious, time consuming and expensive and does not allow the designer to exploit human to human conversation logs effectively. In this work, we present a research prototype that can ingest human-to-human conversation logs between an end-user and an agent, and suggest user-intents and agent-responses, given a conversation context. We utilize human to human conversation logs to build two emulators: user and agent. An agent emulator models an agent response given the conversation context so far, and a user emulator outputs possible user responses. Our system is able to recommend conversational intents as well as conversation flow using emulators based on real-world data, thus making the process of designing a bot more efficient. To the best our knowledge this is the first system that enables data-driven dialog model creation by emulating users and agents.

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Xu, Yijun, Zhixiong Hu, Lamine Mili, Mert Korkali y Xiao Chen. "Probabilistic Power Flow Based on a Gaussian Process Emulator". IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 35, n.º 4 (julio de 2020): 3278–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpwrs.2020.2983603.

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Newnes, L. B. y R. Bell. "A Framework for Modelling the Coincident Flow of Workpieces and Cutting Tools". Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 210, n.º 2 (abril de 1996): 167–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1996_210_102_02.

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This paper describes a framework for the concurrent modelling of workpieces and cutting tools (dual flow) and introduces a computer aided tool, the dual-flow emulator, for use in the initial investment phase of high-cost flexible machining cells (FMC) and their subsequent short-term scheduling. This facility enables designers to make decisions based on the economic performance and enhancement of proposed designs. The focus of the work is on machining cells, where an individual machining centre's cost can be in excess of one million pounds, with the tooling being three/four times more expensive than conventional tooling. With these high-cost investments, where there is a small number of expensive machines, it is essential that designers are assured a greater chance of economic success. This makes it necessary to model both the flow and management of the workpieces and cutting tools. A framework for the concurrent modelling of workpieces and cutting tools (dual flow) is introduced and the dual-flow emulator described. This dual-flow emulator can be used to explore the relative merits of alternative operating strategies and, finally, as a short-term scheduling tool as an operational performance aid. An industrial-based study has been undertaken and the economic performance of two strategies is discussed in terms of the overall specification and operational performance.

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Koper, Emilia y Andrzej Kochan. "Testing the Smooth Driving of a Train Using a Neural Network". Sustainability 12, n.º 11 (5 de junio de 2020): 4622. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12114622.

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This article deals with the extraction of a new original parameter to characterize a railway traffic driving smoothness indicator, and its investigation is based on data obtained from a neural train emulator. This indicator of driving smoothness is an example of the sustainable value of control command and signaling technology. The pro-social and pro-environmental aspects of smooth driving are indicated and the article proposes the introduction of a new indicator for assessing the quality of rail traffic, taking into account traffic on a micro scale—the driving smoothness of a single train (also called driving flow), derived from a parameter identified in the literature—and traffic smoothness (also called traffic flow), describing traffic quality on a macro scale. At the same time, the concept of a neural train emulator is presented, providing input data to determine the value of the proposed indicator for different train models and track systems in order to test the indicator’s properties. The concept proposes the structure of an artificial neural network, the technique of obtaining test data sets and the conditions of training the network as well. An emulator based on the neural network enables the simulation of train driving, taking into account its nonlinearity and data acquisition for indicator research.

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Mosetlhe, Thapelo C., Yskandar Hamam, Shengzhi Du y Eric Monacelli. "Appraising the Impact of Pressure Control on Leakage Flow in Water Distribution Networks". Water 13, n.º 19 (23 de septiembre de 2021): 2617. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13192617.

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Water losses in Water Distribution Networks (WDNs) are inevitable. This is due to joints interconnections, ageing infrastructure and excessive pressure at lower demand. Pressure control has been showing promising results as a means of minimising water loss. Furthermore, it has been shown that pressure information at critical nodes is often adequate to ensure effective control in the system. In this work, a greedy algorithm for the identification of critical nodes is presented. An emulator for the WDN solution is put forward and used to simulate the dynamics of the WDN. A model-free control scheme based on reinforcement learning is used to interact with the proposed emulator to determine optimal pressure reducing valve settings based on the pressure information from the critical node. Results show that flows through the pipes and nodal pressure heads can be reduced using this scheme. The reduction in flows and nodal pressure leads to reduced leakage flows from the system. Moreover, the control scheme used in this work relies on the current operation of the system, unlike traditional machine learning methods that require prior knowledge about the system.

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Doroszkiewicz, Joanna, Renata Romanowicz y Adam Kiczko. "The Influence of Flow Projection Errors on Flood Hazard Estimates in Future Climate Conditions". Water 11, n.º 1 (29 de diciembre de 2018): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11010049.

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The continuous simulation approach to assessing the impact of climate change on future flood hazards consists of a chain of consecutive actions, starting from the choice of the global climate model (GCM) driven by an assumed CO2 emission scenario, through the downscaling of climatic forcing to a catchment scale, an estimation of flow using a hydrological model, and subsequent derivation of flood hazard maps with the help of a flow routing model. The procedure has been applied to the Biala Tarnowska catchment, Southern Poland. Future climate projections of rainfall and temperature are used as inputs to the precipitation-runoff model simulating flow in part of the catchment upstream of a modeled river reach. An application of a lumped-parameter emulator instead of a distributed flow routing model, MIKE11, substantially lowers the required computation times. A comparison of maximum inundation maps derived using both the flow routing model, MIKE11, and its lump-parameter emulator shows very small differences, which supports the feasibility of the approach. The relationship derived between maximum annual inundation areas and the upstream flow of the study can be used to assess the floodplain extent response to future climate changes. The analysis shows the large influence of the one-grid-storm error in climate projections on the return period of annual maximum inundation areas and their uncertainty bounds.

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García-Martínez, Eduardo, Jesús Muñoz-Cruzado-Alba, José F. Sanz-Osorio y Juan Manuel Perié. "Design and Experimental Validation of Power Electric Vehicle Emulator for Testing Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment (EVSE) with Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) Capability". Applied Sciences 11, n.º 23 (4 de diciembre de 2021): 11496. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112311496.

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Nowadays, the global decarbonization and electrification of the world’s energy demands have led to the quick adoption of Electric Vehicle (EV) technology. Therefore, there is an urgent need to provide a wide network of fast Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) charging stations to support the forecast demand and to enable enough autonomy of such devices. Accordingly, V2G charging stations must be prepared to work properly with every manufacturer and to provide reliable designs and validation processes. In this way, the development of power electric vehicle emulators with V2G capability is critical to enable such development. The paper presents a complete design of a power electric vehicle emulator, as well as an experimental testbench to validate the behaviour of the proposal.

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Tesis sobre el tema "Flow Emulator"

Stone, Nicola. "Gaussian process emulators for uncertainty analysis in groundwater flow". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2011. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11989/.

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In the field of underground radioactive waste disposal, complex computer models are used to describe the flow of groundwater through rocks. An important property in this context is transmissivity, the ability of the groundwater to pass through rocks, and the transmissivity field can be represented by a stochastic model. The stochastic model is included in complex computer models which determine the travel time for radionuclides released at one point to reach another. As well as the uncertainty due to the stochastic model, there may also be uncertainties in the inputs of these models. In order to quantify the uncertainties, Monte Carlo analyses are often used. However, for computationally expensive models, it is not always possible to obtain a large enough sample to provide accurate enough uncertainty analyses. In this thesis, we present the use of Bayesian emulation methodology as an alternative to Monte Carlo in the analysis of stochastic models. The idea behind Bayesian emulation methodology is that information can be obtained from a small number of runs of the model using a small sample from the input distribution. This information can then be used to make inferences about the output of the model given any other input. The current Bayesian emulation methodology is extended to emulate two statistics of a stochastic computer model; the mean and the distribution function of the output. The mean is a simple output statistic to emulate and provides some information about how the output changes due to changes in each input. The distribution function is more complex to emulate, however it is an important statistic since it contains information about the entire distribution of the outputs. Distribution functions of radionuclide travel times have been used as part of risk analyses for underground radioactive waste disposal. The extended methodology is presented using a case study.

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Vieira, Pl?nio Alto? Costa. "Projeto de um sistema emulador de escoamentos e vaso de separa??o prim?ria". Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2009. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/15291.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:55:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PlinioACV.pdf: 2673165 bytes, checksum: 041961f375616fef1afc4244b3a44c02 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-09-02
The purpose of this study was to develop a pilot plant which the main goal is to emulate a flow peak pressure in a separation vessel. Effect similar that is caused by the production in a slug flow in production wells equipped with the artificial lift method plunger lift. The motivation for its development was the need to test in a plant on a smaller scale, a new technique developed to estimate the gas flow in production wells equipped with plunger lift. To develop it, studies about multiphase flow effects, operation methods of artificial lift in plunger lift wells, industrial instrumentation elements, control valves, vessel sizing separators and measurement systems were done. The methodology used was the definition of process flowcharts, its parameters and how the effects needed would be generated for the success of the experiments. Therefore, control valves, the design and construction of vessels and the acquisition of other equipment used were defined. One of the vessels works as a tank of compressed air that is connected to the separation vessel and generates pulses of gas controlled by a on/off valve. With the emulator system ready, several control experiments were made, being the control of peak flow pressure generation and the flow meter the main experiments, this way, it was confirmed the efficiency of the plant usage in the problem that motivated it. It was concluded that the system is capable of generate effects of flow with peak pressure in a primary separation vessel. Studies such as the estimation of gas flow at the exit of the vessel and several academic studies can be done and tested on a smaller scale and then applied in real plants, avoiding waste of time and money.
A proposta desse trabalho foi desenvolver uma planta-piloto com o objetivo principal de emular picos de press?o de escoamentos num vaso de separa??o. Efeito semelhante ao provocado pela produ??o em forma de golfadas em po?os de produ??o equipados com o m?todo de eleva??o artificial plunger lift. A motiva??o para o desenvolvimento do mesmo foi a necessidade de se testar, numa planta em escala menor, uma nova t?cnica desenvolvida para a estima??o da vaz?o de g?s em po?os produtores equipados com plunger lift. Para seu desenvolvimento foram realizados estudos sobre efeitos dos escoamentos multif?sicos, funcionamento de m?todos de eleva??o artificial em po?os de plunger lift, dos elementos de instrumenta??o industrial, v?lvulas de controle, dimensionamento de vasos separadores e sistemas de medi??o. A metodologia utilizada foi a defini??o dos fluxogramas do processo, seus par?metros e como seriam gerados os efeitos necess?rios para o sucesso dos experimentos. Assim, foram definidas as v?lvulas de controle, o dimensionamento e constru??o dos vasos e a aquisi??o dos demais equipamentos utilizados. Um dos vasos funciona como reservat?rio de ar comprimido que, conectado ao vaso de separa??o, gera pulsos de g?s controlados por uma v?lvula on/off. Com o sistema emulador pronto, foram realizadas diversas experi?ncias de controle, sendo o controle de press?o com gera??o de picos e medi??o de vaz?o a principal experi?ncia, onde se comprovou a efici?ncia da utiliza??o da planta no problema que a motivou. Concluiu-se que o sistema ? capaz de gerar efeitos de escoamentos com picos de press?o num vaso de separa??o prim?ria. Estudos como a estima??o de vaz?o de g?s na saida do vaso e diversos estudos acad?micos poder?o ser feitos e testados numa escala menor sendo aplicados em seguida nas plantas reais, evitando perda de tempo e dinheiro

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Marx, Matthias [Verfasser], Dirk [Akademischer Betreuer] Söffker y Roland [Akademischer Betreuer] Kasper. "Multiobjective Optimization of the Power Flow Control of Hybrid Electric Power Train Systems within Simulation and Experimental Emulation Applications / Matthias Marx. Gutachter: Roland Kasper. Betreuer: Dirk Söffker". Duisburg, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1050933346/34.

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李忠一. "Fuzzy Colored Timed Petri Net Model in Network Flow Control and Distributed FMC Emulator Design". Thesis, 1996. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/33450993715025233834.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
機械工程研究所
84
A distributed manufacturing system primarily consists of several sub-systems, computer network, and coordination controller. The FMC (Flexible Manufacturing Cell) and FMS (Flexible Manufacturing System) are two typical modified distributed system. Namely, they are distributed control in nature but with centralized coordination. Hence, network flow control, modeling and uncertainty management and the coordination are very complicated. This thesis proposes a fuzzy colored timed Petri net (F-CTPN) tool to model uncertainty and handle the network flow control. The proposed network control is OSI session-layer-based network flow fuzzy control. 　　The communication system in the proposed distributed system has client-server and peer to peer features. In other words, it is central management with distributed control. In the thesis, the FMC emulator is first constructed then the network flow management based on F-CTPN is developed.

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Russo, Dario. "Advanced electronic systems for Doppler ultrasound applications". Doctoral thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/1238333.

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Doppler ultrasound techniques are nowadays widely employed in biomedical and industrial applications due to their non-invasive and non-destructive features. Their application spreads from industrial systems finalized, for example, to the characterization of industrial suspensions, to complex biomedical apparatuses like echographs. In the last decades, ultrasound techniques have been continuously growing in both these fields, proposing novel methods and electronic systems. The experimentation of a novel Doppler method and the development of a new electronic system require several tests, which are typically carried out by ultrasound Doppler phantoms and flow-rigs. These consist in hydraulic systems where a pump pushes a scattering fluid through a structure that mimics a morphological tissue or an industrial part. Although modern phantoms have high quality and performances, they are still affected by several problems. For instance, the choice and the preparation of the materials for the phantom realization is not trivial; the mimicked vessel wall can introduce distortion on the ultrasound beam and affect the flow dynamics; the scattering fluid preparation is not easy and requires a long time. However, the most significant flaw is probably the lack of an accurate ground-truth for the velocity distribution of the flow present in the phantom, which limits the evaluation of the accuracy of the method/system under tests in velocity measurements. This PhD work was dedicated to the realization of an accurate testing system for the evaluation of Doppler methods and electronics in both industrial and biomedical fields.

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Lopes, Danilo Lourenco. "Development and Implementation of Bayesian Computer Model Emulators". Diss., 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10161/5718.

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Our interest is the risk assessment of rare natural hazards, such as

large volcanic pyroclastic flows. Since catastrophic consequences of

volcanic flows are rare events, our analysis benefits from the use of

a computer model to provide information about these events under

natural conditions that may not have been observed in reality.

A common problem in the analysis of computer experiments, however, is the high computational cost associated with each simulation of a complex physical process. We tackle this problem by using a statistical approximation (emulator) to predict the output of this computer model at untried values of inputs. Gaussian process response surface is a technique commonly used in these applications, because it is fast and easy to use in the analysis.

We explore several aspects of the implementation of Gaussian process emulators in a Bayesian context. First, we propose an improvement for the implementation of the plug-in approach to Gaussian processes. Next, we also evaluate the performance of a spatial model for large data sets in the context of computer experiments.

Computer model data can also be combined to field observations in order to calibrate the emulator and obtain statistical approximations to the computer model that are closer to reality. We present an application where we learn the joint distribution of inputs from field data and then bind this auxiliary information to the emulator in a calibration process.

One of the outputs of our computer model is a surface of maximum volcanic flow height over some geographical area. We show how the topography of the volcano area plays an important role in determining the shape of this surface, and we propose methods

to incorporate geophysical information in the multivariate analysis of computer model output.

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Pistol, Ion Valentin. "Practical Dynamic Information-Flow Tracking on Mobile Devices". Diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10161/9067.

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Today's consumer mobile platforms such as Android and iOS manage large ecosystems of untrusted third-party applications. It is common for an application to request one or more types of sensitive data. Unfortunately, users have no insight into how their data is used. Given the sensitivity of the data accessible by these applications, it is paramount that mobile operating systems prevent apps from leaking it.

This dissertation shows that it is possible to improve the soundness of dynamic information-flow tracking on a mobile device without sacrificing precision, performance, or transparency. We extend the state of the art in dynamic information-flow tracking on Android and address two major limitations: quantifying implicit flow leaks in Dalvik bytecode and tracking explicit flows in native code. Our goal is to deliver seamless end-to-end taint tracking across Dalvik bytecode and native code.

We propose SpanDex, a system that quantifies implicit flow leaks in Dalvik bytecode for apps handling password data. SpanDex computes a bound of revealed tainted data by recording the control-flow dependencies and for each password character, keeps track of the possible set of values that have been inferred. We also propose TaintTrap, a taint tracking system for native code in third party apps. We explore native taint tracking performance bottlenecks and hardware acceleration techniques to improve instrumentation performance.

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Libros sobre el tema "Flow Emulator"

Sakas, Georgios. Fraktale Wolken, virtuelle Flammen: Computer-Emulation und Visualisierung turbulenter Gasbewegung. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1993.

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Hudnut-Beumler, James. Afterword. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190280192.003.0010.

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The essays in this volume present the case for attending to the business aspects of religious activities in American religious history. Individual essays model useful approaches for pursuing these dimensions of religious organizations without neglecting their religious dimensions. Some of the essays are also models for critical inquiry into the sometimes self-serving compromises religious individuals and groups make with market capitalism in contemporary American life. The essay considers why previous theologically inclined scholars have neglected the kind of inquiry represented by the volume and celebrates the Business Turn as a “Big Idea” in the historiography of American religion worthy of emulation by other scholars interested in pursuing the nature of the American religious enterprise. By following flows of funds and bodies, watching who is raising money for what philanthropy, and how religious businessman and philanthropists justify themselves, the volume’s authors upset common assumptions about American religion.

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Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "Flow Emulator"

Laurent, Maryline. "Security Flows Analysis of the ATM Emulated LAN Architecture". En IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology, 37–52. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-35083-7_4.

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Sandoval-Rodríguez, C. L., C. L. Higuera, J. G. Ascanio-Villabona, A. D. Rincón Quintero y J. G. Maradey-Lazaro. "Flow Control Strategies Using Classical Regulatory Technique and Advanced H2 Technique in an Irrigation Emulation Pilot Plant". En Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 56–72. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-08280-1_5.

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Bozinovska, Liljana y Bozinovski Adrijan. "EEG-Emulated Control Circuits for Brain-Machine Interface". En Electroencephalography - From Basic Research to Clinical Applications. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94373.

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This paper reviews efforts in a new direction of the EEG research, the direction of EEG emulated control circuits. Those devices are used in brain computer interface (BCI) research. BCI was introduced 1973 as a challenge of using EEG signals to control objects external to the human body. In 1988 an EEG-emulated switch was used in a brain machine interface (BMI) for control of a mobile robot. The same year a closed loop CNV paradigm was used in a BMI to control a buzzer. In 2005 a CNV flip-flop was introduced which opened the direction of EEG-emulated control circuits. The CNV flip-flop was used for BMI control of a robotic arm in 2009, and for control of two robotic arms in 2011. In 2015 an EEG demultiplexer was introduced. The EEG emulated demultiplexer demonstrated control of a robotic arm to avoid an obstacle. The concept of an EEG emulated modem was also introduced. This review is a contribution toward investigation in this new direction of EEG research.

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Formisano, Ron. "The Profitable World of Nonprofits". En American Oligarchy. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252041273.003.0008.

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Wealthy nonprofits now emulate the corporate model of excess compensation combined with lax oversight. Increasingly, executives of nonprofit organizations with healthy cash flow interact with and become embedded in the political class and adopt the lifestyle of the one percent.

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Wang, Yuejiao, Mengyang Li, Shumin Sun, Yonghua Chen, Yong Li y Yan Cheng. "Research on Collaborative Real-Time Simulation Technology of Multi-Energy Complementary Integrated Energy System". En Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering. IOS Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/atde220277.

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In order to realize the real-time simulation of regional integrated energy system, a multi-energy flow collaborative real-time simulation technology based on message bus is proposed, and the real-time simulation platform established on this basis realizes the real-time simulation of electrical and thermal systems. By using the co-simulator composed of message-oriented middleware and adapter to coordinate multiple simulators to complete the real-time simulation of the system in the loop, the message bus uses the open source ZeroMQ; it provides a unified message subscription and message publishing mechanism for all real-time simulators. Adapters are used to connect a variety of heterogeneous emulators, such as RT-LAB, TRNSYS, etc., to messaging middleware. Adopting message-oriented middleware and adapter scheme, it has the characteristics of open and extensible. The simulation system developed in this paper can be used in the real time simulation of distribution integrated energy system to realize the interaction between energy flow and information flow.

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Bisio, Igor, Stefano Delucchi, Fabio Lavagetto, Mario Marchese, Giancarlo Portomauro y Sandro Zappatore. "Hybrid Simulated-Emulated Platform – HySEP". En Advances in Wireless Technologies and Telecommunication, 380–409. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-8732-5.ch015.

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The main contribution of this chapter is the description of HySEP, Hybrid Simulated-Emulated Platform, developed by the authors and aimed at simulating/emulating heterogeneous networks to validate and test algorithms for traffic control and Quality of Service (QoS) assurance. Main features of HySEP are the appropriate level of accuracy and detail reached by using equipments available in most communication research laboratories, at low cost, and the easy configurability. HySEP is divided into three parts connected each others: the emulated core network; the simulated wireless access network communicating with the core network; and the real remote host. The overall platform is able to handle real traffic flows and overcomes the limitations introduced by other network simulators. HySEP is characterized by remarkable versatility and wide applicability to support the validation of different algorithms.

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Mogollon, Manuel. "VPNS and IPSEC". En Cryptography and Security Services, 266–99. IGI Global, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59904-837-6.ch011.

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Virtual private networks (VPN) and IPsec are discussed in this chapter. A VPN emulates a private wide area network (WAN) facility using IP networks, such as the public Internet or private IP backbones. When VPNs are used, the Internet offers the appearance, functionality, and usefulness of a dedicated private network. One of the problems in using the Internet as a WAN is that the Internet is a public network and has relatively little security. IPsec provides the following security services to VPNs: data origin authentication, access control, confidentiality (encryption), connectionless integrity, rejection of replayed packets (a form of partial sequence integrity), and limited traffic flow confidentiality.

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Doraiswami, Rajamani y Lahouari Cheded. "Detection and Localization of a Failure in a Pipeline Using a Kalman Filter: An Intelligent Integrated Approach Powered by Bayesian Classification". En Kalman Filter - Engineering Applications [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.106261.

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An integrated approach, based on the fusion of Model-Based Approach (MBA) and Model-Free Approaches (MFA) and powered by Bayesian classification, is proposed to ensure high probability of correct estimation of leakage detection and localization with low false alarm probability to prevent disastrous consequences to the economy and environment. To ensure mathematical tractability, the nonlinear model is better approximated using linear parameter-varying (LPV) model at various operating points indicated by scheduling variables. Flows at various pipeline sections are measured and transmitted wirelessly to a monitoring station. If there is a difference in the flows across a section, it indicates a leakage, and a drone is then sent to determine the exact location of the leakage. The pipeline trajectory is accurately estimated by a human operator. Using the input and the trajectory output, termed signal, an Autonomous Kalman filter (AKF) is designed to ensure accurate tracking of the desired trajectory. The emulator-generated data are used to identify the system, complement historical data to MFA, and develop the classifier fusion. The leakage is sequentially diagnosed by judiciously selecting the most appropriate approach (MFA or MBA) to ensure a fast and accurate diagnosis. The proposed scheme was evaluated on a physical system.

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Roth, Leon. "Lmitatio Dei and the Idea of Holiness". En Is There a Jewish Philosophy?, 15–28. Liverpool University Press, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781874774556.003.0002.

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This chapter considers the notion of imitation Dei as the basis of all ethical theory and how it relates to Judaism in particular. In the philosophy of religion, the question of the relationship of God and man is central. It may be approached from two angles: either by asking how, and why, God created man, or by asking what difference it makes, for man, that he was created by God. If one adopts the second approach and seeks an explanation, one finds the answer in the fact, or axiom, that it is from God that all man's ethical values flow — that is to say, their instinctive awareness of things that they should do, and of the way in which they should proceed. If this is followed up by enquiry into the nature of such awareness, one frequently encounters the notion that it is God who is the model for that ethical behaviour which it is incumbent upon us to adopt and to ‘cleave’ to — that is, in essence, the ethical obligation means ‘to emulate God in all ways possible to us’.

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Dart, Gregory. "Addison and the Romantics". En Joseph Addison, 290–307. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198814030.003.0015.

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This chapter looks at the Romantic essayists as critics and emulators of Addison. It begins with ‘The Round Table’ of 1815–17 and Hunt’s and Hazlitt’s paradoxical attempt to revive the form and spirit of The Tatler and Spectator in their own time, while simultaneously attacking the polite consensus that those two periodicals had brought into being. It shows Lamb and Hazlitt seeking to discriminate between ‘Steele’s’ Tatler, in which the ‘first sprightly runnings’ of the periodical essay form had supposedly run freshest and clearest, and ‘Addison’s’ Spectator, in which that flow had been regulated and tamed. It explores how the Romantics, and Romantic-period magazine culture more generally, sought to revitalize the familiar essay form by breaking down its straitjacket of politeness with the contemporaneous cult of personality. But it also shows how a powerful nostalgia for the ‘honeymoon of authorship’ that had been enjoyed by Addison and Steele in the early 1710s continued to haunt both Hazlitt and Lamb. Finally, the chapter looks at the way in which Hazlitt made Addison’s supposed move away from conversational intimacy towards alienated sententiousness an allegory of the development of modern literature more generally, thus characterizing him as a kind of Eve in the garden of modern prose, at one and the same time its fairest embodiment and the harbinger of its ruin.

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Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "Flow Emulator"

Hadjkaddour, Abdelhak, Hani Benguesmia, Ouahid Bouchhida, Larbi Chrifi-Alaoui, Aissa Chouder y Abdelhafid Cherifi. "Power Flow Control Of Grid Feeding Converter Based On VSG Emulator". En 2022 IEEE International Conference on Electrical Sciences and Technologies in Maghreb (CISTEM). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cistem55808.2022.10044058.

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Martini, Alessio, Alberto Traverso, David Tucker y John VanOsdol. "Experimental Analysis of Flow Unbalance in Two Parallel Counter-Flow Recuperators". En ASME Turbo Expo 2013: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2013-95886.

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The aim of this study was to provide a characterization of non-symmetrical operation in two counter-flow primary surface exhaust gas recuperators installed in parallel flow loops. The hybrid system emulator test rig and facility designed and operated by the Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory located at the West Virginia (USA) campus was used for the study. Various tests from the past years often resulted in non-symmetrical operation, indicated by significantly variant temperature measurements at the outlets of the recuperators. Some specific tests have been carried out in order to identify the possible cause of this flow unbalance. The isolated effects of bleed air, cold air and hot air valve on the heat exchangers flow unbalance have been studied. Also, the impact of load bank changes on flow distribution has been considered in this study. Each test has been carried out in close loop fuel valve speed control. The influence of each independent variable in the study on parallel recuperator flow distribution has been quantitatively characterized using temperatures and a heat balance. Both the bleed and the cold air compressor bypass valves showed an appreciable impact on the heat exchangers flow unbalance, while hot air valve and load bank changes had minimal effect.

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Ferrari, Mario L., Alessandro Sorce y Aristide F. Massardo. "Hardware-in-the-Loop Operations With an Emulator Rig for SOFC Hybrid Systems". En ASME Turbo Expo 2017: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2017-63685.

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This paper shows the Hardware-In-the-Loop (HIL) technique developed for the complete emulation of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) based hybrid systems. This approach is based on the coupling of an emulator test rig with a real-time software for components which are not included in the plant. The experimental facility is composed of a T100 microturbine (100 kW electrical power size) modified for the connection to an SOFC emulator device. This component is composed of both anodic and cathodic vessels including also the anodic recirculation system which is carried out with a single stage ejector, driven by an air flow in the primary duct. However, no real stack material was installed in the plant. For this reason, a real-time dynamic software was developed in the Matlab-Simulink environment including all the SOFC system components (the fuel cell stack with the calculation of the electrochemical aspects considering also the real losses, the reformer, and a cathodic recirculation based on a blower, etc.). This tool was coupled with the real system utilizing a User Datagram Protocol (UDP) data exchange approach (the model receives flow data from the plant at the inlet duct of the cathodic vessel, while it is able to operate on the turbine changing its set-point of electrical load or turbine outlet temperature). So, the software is operated to control plant properties to generate the effect of a real SOFC in the rig. In stand-alone mode the turbine load is changed with the objective of matching the measured Turbine Outlet Temperature (TOT) value with the calculated one by the model. In grid-connected mode the software/hardware matching is obtained through a direct manipulation of the TOT set-point. This approach was essential to analyze the matching issues between the SOFC and the micro gas turbine devoting several tests on critical operations, such as start-up, shutdown and load changes. Special attention was focused on tests carried out to solve the control system issues for the entire real hybrid plant emulated with this HIL approach. Hence, the innovative control strategies were developed and successfully tested considering both the Proportional Integral Derivative and advanced approaches. Thanks to the experimental tests carried out with this HIL system, a comparison between different control strategies was performed including a statistic analysis on the results The positive performance obtainable with a Model Predictive Control based technique was shown and discussed. So, the HIL system presented in this paper was essential to perform the experimental tests successfully (for real hybrid system development) without the risks of destroying the stack in case of failures. Mainly surge (especially during transient operations, such as load changes) and other critical conditions (e.g. carbon deposition, high pressure difference between the fuel cell sides, high thermal gradients in the stack, excessive thermal stress in the SOFC system components, etc.) have to be carefully avoided in complete plants.

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Jallouli, Mehdi, Hicham Belhadaoui, Camille Diou, Fabrice Monteiro, Olaf Malasse, Jean-Francois Aubry, Abbas Dandache, Gregory Buchheit y Hicham Medromi. "Dependability Consequences of Fault-Tolerant Technique Integrated in Stack Processor Emulator using Information flow approach". En 2008 IEEE International Conference on Design and Test of Integrated Systems in Nanoscale Era (DTIS '08). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/dtis.2008.4540256.

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Algikar, Pooja, Yijun Xu y Lamine Mili. "A Measurement-Based Robust Non-Gaussian Process Emulator Applied to Data-Driven Stochastic Power Flow". En 2022 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting (PESGM). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pesgm48719.2022.9916996.

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Hohloch, Martina, Andreas Huber y Manfred Aigner. "Analysis of Operational Strategies of a SOFC/MGT Hybrid Power Plant". En ASME Turbo Expo 2017: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2017-65013.

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The present work deals with the analysis of operational concepts for a SOFC/MGT hybrid power plant based on a test rig at the DLR, Institute of Combustion Technology. Here, a Turbec T100 micro gas turbine and a fuel cell emulator are used. The emulator is composed of two pressure vessels. The first represents the cathode volume of the fuel cell to simulate the residence time and pressure loss. The second is equipped with a natural gas combustor to emulate the varying heat input of the fuel cell. The MGT and the SOFC are connected via different piping paths. The procedures start-up, load change and shutdown are analyzed in matters of temperature gradients, pressure gradients and fluctuations, as well as the air mass flow provided at the interconnections to the coupling elements. To achieve the required inlet conditions of the SOFC, transient operations, using the different piping paths, are investigated. Concepts for heating-up and cooling the SOFC using hot air from the recuperator and relatively cold air from the compressor outlet are experimentally tested and characterized. Selected critical situations and their effect on the SOFC are investigated. An emergency operation, its impact on both subsystems and limitations are shown. Further operational limits of the MGT control system and power electronic were observed and analyzed. Based on the experimental results, the applicability of the used MGT procedures in a hybrid power plant was reconsidered. Finally, adaptions and strategies for the operational concept are derived and discussed.

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Caratozzolo, Francesco, Mario L. Ferrari, Alberto Traverso y Aristide F. Massardo. "Real-Time Hardware-in-the-Loop Tool for a Fuel Cell Hybrid System Emulator Test Rig". En ASME 2011 9th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology collocated with ASME 2011 5th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2011-54315.

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The Thermochemical Power Group of the University of Genoa built a complete Hybrid System emulator test rig constituted by a 100 kW recuperated micro gas turbine, an anodic circuit (based on the coupling of a single stage ejector with a stainless steel vessel) and a cathodic modular volume (located between the recuperator outlet and combustor inlet). The system is sized to consider the coupling of the commercial micro turbine, operated at 62 kW load, and a planar Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) to reach the overall electrical power output of 450 kW. The emulator test rig has been recently linked with a real-time model of the SOFC block. The model is used to simulate the complete thermodynamic and electrochemical behavior of a high temperature fuel cell based on solid oxide technology. The test rig coupled with the model generates a real-time hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) facility for hybrid systems emulation. The model is constituted by a SOFC module, an anodic circuit with an ejector, a cathodic loop with a blower (for the recirculation) and a turbine module. Temperature, pressure and air mass flow rate at recuperator outlet (downstream of the compressor) and rotational speed of the machine are inputs from the plant to the model. The turbine outlet temperature (TOT) calculated by the model is fed to the machine control system and the turbine electric load is moved to match the model TOT value. In this work different tests were carried out to characterize the interaction between the experimental plant and the real-time model; double step and double ramp tests of current and fuel characterized the dynamic response of the system. The mGT power control system proved to be fast enough, compared to the slow thermal response of the SOFC stack, and reliable. The hybrid systems was operated at 90% of nominal power with about 56% of electrical efficiency based on natural gas LHV.

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Hohloch, Martina, Andreas Huber y Manfred Aigner. "Experimental Investigation of a SOFC/MGT Hybrid Power Plant Test Rig: Impact and Characterization of Coupling Elements". En ASME Turbo Expo 2014: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2014-25918.

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The main topic of the paper is the discussion of the operational behavior of the solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC)/micro gas turbine (MGT) hybrid power plant test rig with the pressure vessels of the SOFC emulator. In the first part a brief introduction to the test rig and its components is given. In the arrangement of the test rig the MGT is connected via an interface to the tubing system. Here, the preheated air after the recuperator can be led either to the emulator or via a bypass tube directly to the MGT. Furthermore, there is a direct connection between the compressor outlet and emulator for the startup and shutdown procedure. The facility is equipped with detailed instrumentation, including mass flow meters, thermocouples and pressure probes. In the second part of the paper the characterization of the hybrid power plant test rig is shown. To analyze the thermodynamic and fluid dynamic impact of the coupling elements various studies were carried out. Hereby, the influence of the coupling elements on the operational behavior, system stability and system performance of the micro gas turbine is shown for stationary load points, as well as during transient maneuvers like startup, load-change and shutdown. To avoid critical operating conditions limitations were defined and emergency maneuvers were developed and tested. Out of these investigations an operating concept for the hybrid power plant test rig can be derived.

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Hohloch, Martina, Andreas Huber y Manfred Aigner. "Experimental Investigation of a SOFC/MGT Hybrid Power Plant Test Rig: Impact and Characterization of a Fuel Cell Emulator". En ASME Turbo Expo 2016: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2016-57747.

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The main topic of the paper is the experimental investigation of a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) / micro gas turbine (MGT) hybrid power plant test rig. This comprises the proof of concept, the characterization of the operational range and the influence of the coupling on the MGT. The operational concept of the hybrid power plant is designed to reach a maximum flexibility in electrical power output. Therefore the power plant is operated at different MGT shaft speeds and electrical power outputs of the SOFC, thus leading to different SOFC temperatures. Instead of a real fuel cell an emulator was developed and built to emulate the fluid dynamic and thermodynamic behavior of a real SOFC. The test rig is based on a Turbec T100PH micro gas turbine. A specially designed interface connects the facility to the tubing system and the SOFC emulator. For the present investigation the SOFC emulator has been equipped with a gas preheater. It emulates the varying heat output of the fuel cell. The gas preheater is composed of a natural gas combustor based on the FLOX® technology, with a swirl-stabilized pilot stage and allows a wide range of emulating different SOFC outlet temperatures. In addition installations have been integrated into a pressure vessel, representing the SOFC cathode volume, to analyze the increase in residence time and pressure loss. Initially three different configurations of the test rig, no SOFC emulator – tube only, SOFC emulator with pressure vessels and fully equipped SOFC emulator (pressure vessels, installations and gas preheater) are compared regarding the influence of the different volumes, residence times and pressure losses. The operating range of the test rig equipped with gas preheater in cold (no fuel) as well as in hot conditions is investigated. As the velocity at the entrance of the gas turbine combustor increases with increased fuel cell outlet temperature the surge margin is strongly influenced. The operating range was determined for different shaft speeds and preheating (SOFC outlet) temperatures. Finally the transient behavior of the gas preheater and its impact on the MGT is analyzed. The results provide the required basis to implement a cyber physical system, in which the SOFC emulator is controlled by a SOFC model, as well as the basis for the real coupling of MGT and SOFC.

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Larosa, Luca, Mario L. Ferrari, Loredana Magistri y Aristide F. Massardo. "SOFC/mGT Coupling: Different Options With Standard Boosters". En ASME Turbo Expo 2013: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2013-94072.

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In this paper an innovative SOFC hybrid system is proposed, equipped with ejector-based cathodic recirculation. The cathodic flow is preheated by recirculating hot exhausts. However, this approach needs higher pressure values than those available with commercial micro gas turbines (mGT): a possible but expensive solution could be to design a completely new mGT. Another option could be to use a booster with the function of re-compressor installed between the mGT compressor and the ejector (in order to increase ejector inlet pressure). This choice allows the use of commercial machines with a substantial cost reduction by comparison with designing a new micro gas turbine. Moreover, this layout is able to separate the compressor ratio of the mGT from the ejector inlet pressure, generating more flexibility from the point of view of the control system. In this paper, a thermodynamic study of this machine coupling is carried out considering the hybrid system emulator developed by TPG at the University of Genoa. For this purpose, three different boosting approaches were examined with a steady-state model built in Matlab-Simulink environment. The results presented here were obtained to show emulator performance and flexibility. Available power and thermal aspects are discussed in detail.

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