Literatura académica sobre el tema "Flight of the Earls, 1607"

Abstract. We analyze the extent of subtropical stratocumulus-capped boundary layer decoupling and its relation to other boundary-layer characteristics and forcings using aircraft observations from VOCALS-REx along a swath of the subtropical southeast Pacific Ocean running west 1600 km from the coast of Northern Chile. We develop two complementary and consistent measures of decoupling. The first is based on boundary layer moisture stratification in flight profiles from near the surface to above the capping inversion, and the second is based the difference between the lifted condensation level (LCL) and a mean lidar-derived cloud base measured on flight legs at 150m altitude. Most flights took place during early-mid morning, well before the peak in insolation-induced decoupling. We find that the boundary layer is typically shallower, drier, and well mixed near the shore, and tends to deepen, decouple, and produce more drizzle further offshore to the west. Decoupling is strongly correlated to the “well-mixed cloud thickness”, defined as the difference between the capping inversion height and the LCL; other factors such as wind speed, cloud droplet concentration, and inversion thermodynamic jumps have little additional explanatory power. The results are broadly consistent with the deepening-warming theory of decoupling. In the deeper boundary layers observed well offshore, there was frequently nearly 100% boundary-layer cloud cover despite pronounced decoupling. The cloud cover was more strongly correlated to a κ parameter related to the inversion jumps of humidity and temperature, though the exact functional relation is slightly different than found in prior large-eddy simulation studies.

Abstract. We analyze the extent of subtropical stratocumulus-capped boundary layer decoupling and its relation to other boundary-layer characteristics and forcings using aircraft observations from VOCALS-REx along a swath of the subtropical southeast Pacific Ocean running west 1600 km from the coast of Northern Chile. We develop two complementary and consistent measures of decoupling. The first is based on boundary layer moisture and temperature stratification in flight profiles from near the surface to above the capping inversion, and the second is based the difference between the lifted condensation level (LCL) and a mean lidar-derived cloud base measured on flight legs at 150 m altitude. Most flights took place during early-mid morning, well before the peak in insolation-induced decoupling. We find that the boundary layer is typically shallower, drier, and well mixed near the shore, and tends to deepen, decouple, and produce more drizzle further offshore to the west. Decoupling is strongly correlated to the "mixed layer cloud thickness", defined as the difference between the capping inversion height and the LCL; other factors such as wind speed, cloud droplet concentration, and inversion thermodynamic jumps have little additional explanatory power. The results are broadly consistent with the deepening-warming theory of decoupling. In the deeper boundary layers observed well offshore, there was frequently nearly 100 % boundary-layer cloud cover despite pronounced decoupling. The cloud cover was more strongly correlated to a κ parameter related to the inversion jumps of humidity and temperature, though the exact functional relation is slightly different than found in prior large-eddy simulation studies.

Purpose. Develop a methodology for the pre-project selection of quadcopter-type UAV components for the creation of drones based on the specified criteria. Methodology. Mathematical analysis and modeling. Findings. The paper presents a comprehensive framework aimed at facilitating the rapid assembly of customizable multirotor unmanned aerial vehicles (MR-UAVs) tailored to specific mission requirements, all without the need for tools. This modular approach encompasses the development, implementation, and evaluation of a structured process that guides operators through selecting hardware components such as sensors, actuators, propellers, motors, batteries, and electronic speed controllers. This meticulous selection process is pivotal in achieving the desired flight characteristics of the MR-UAV. Furthermore, a software tool has been devised to streamline the equipment selection process and accurately compute flight time. The flight time calculation algorithm, rooted in data obtained from brushless motor and propeller analyses conducted using a traction stand/dynamometer, has undergone rigorous testing to ensure reliability and precision. The framework itself comprises five distinct modules: controller, transmission, video, communication, and payload. These modular components afford users the flexibility to mix and match according to the demands of their specific application, enabling the swift assembly of an MR-UAV optimized for the task at hand. To validate the efficacy of the framework, a prototype was constructed and subjected to rigorous testing, confirming the soundness of the design. Notably, the versatility of this framework is exemplified through the creation of three distinct modular MR-UAV profiles. These profiles cater to diverse applications: surveillance, emphasizing extended flight time; delivery, prioritizing larger payload capacity; and a hybrid configuration allowing seamless transition between battery power sources mid-flight. In essence, this paper not only introduces a modular framework for MR-UAV assembly but also underscores its practicality and adaptability through real-world implementation and testing across varied mission profiles. Originality. For this section of the abstract should determining the most important results that reflect originality of work. The algorithm proposed in the article is based on an approach that allows adapting MR-UAVs at a higher level than previous systems. The infrastructure allows the user to configure flight characteristics (flight time, speed, maximum payload), as well as sensors and communication channels (video and data link) according to the requirements of a specific operation. Practical value. To facilitate the process of selecting hardware components for frame modules, the paper presents an algorithm for estimating flight time, which is included in the process of building modular profiles. The algorithm has been tested and an average accuracy of 98.94% has been achieved for hover time-of-flight estimation. The design of the software is presented. This tool allows developers to analyze brushless motor and propeller data (obtained from the thrust stand), evaluate how gross weight and battery selection affect the MR-UAV (in terms of flight time, thrust-to-weight ratio, and maximum payload), and optimizes the process development of MR-UAV.

Harmfulness and spread of a new dangerous pest of Mordellistena parvuliformis Stshegol.-Bar, 1930 have been recorded in the north-east of Ukraine. The results of researches of the reasons of occurrence, harmfulness and distribution of this dangerous pest of sunflower are generalized.
 It was found that the larvae of the sunflower Mordellistena parvuliformis from the diapause occur from the end of the third decade of April after feeding on dead stem tissue. Depending on the time of hatching, the presence of pupae is observed until the end of May. From the third decade of May, you can see the flight of adults and after a short additional feeding on flowering vegetation — the beginning of mating. Adult flight lasts a little more than 1.5 months — until the second decade of July. Embryonic development lasts about two weeks. The last eggs laid were observed in early August. From the second decade of June there was a revival of larvae, which are in an active state inside the stems until mid-September until the end of feeding and transition to a state of rest for further wintering. Thus, the development of one complete generation of toadstools per year is established.