Literatura académica sobre el tema "Flavonoid luteolin"

The different infections caused by protozoan parasites, such as malaria, leishmaniasis, toxoplasmosis, balantidiasis, trichomoniasis, giardiasis, Chagas disease, amoebic dysentery, are responsible for considerable morbidity and mortality worldwide with desolating social and economic consequences. These protozoan diseases occur all over the world. For the treatment of these diseases, there is a lack of effective, safe, and affordable therapies. Due to the lack of vaccines in most instances and the development of resistant strains to the available synthetic therapeutics, it is important to search for alternative sources of anti-parasitic drugs. Since ancient times, natural products have been used as sources of potential drugs to cure diseases. It has been reported that 80% of drug molecules are natural products. The diversity of natural products can vary, i.e., it may be found in plants, fungi, algae and marine organisms. The plant-based natural products (secondary metabolites), i.e., alkaloids, phenolics, terpenes, and lipids, are potent anti-protozoal molecules. The natural products (secondary metabolites) obtained from microbial origin showed promising anti-protozoal activity. These bio-active molecules 2-(hept-1-enyl)-3-(hydroxymethyl)- 5-(3-methyl but-2-enyl)benzene-- ,4-diol, flavoglaucin, tetrahydroauroglaucin, auroglaucin, 2-(20,3-epoxy-10- 30-heptadienyl)-6-hydroxy-5-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)benzaldehyde, obtained from the fungus Eurotium repens, showed anti-malarial activities even chloroquine-sensitive and chloroquine-resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum. Some of the flavonoid compounds, i.e., eupatilin, jaceosidin and nepetin, isolated from the plant Eupatorium arnottianum, showed the highest activity against Chagas disease. The three most important flavonoids, namely kaempferol, (–)-epicatechin and tiliroside showed promising activity against Entamoeba histolytica. The isoquinoline alkaloid berberine is found in several medicinal plants. Berberine salts have profound inhibitory activity against Giardia trophozoites. Two flavonoids, i.e., luteolin and quercetin, isolated from Vitex negunsdo and Fagopyrum esculentum, showed anti-leishmanial activity. An aclerodane diterpene isolated from an ethanolic extract of Polyalthia longifolia displayed anti-leishmanial activity against Leishmania donovani. A novel triterpene Astrakurkurone isolated from the wild edible mushroom, Astraeus hygrometricus, has a definitive effect on promastigote and amastigote form both in vitro and in vivo against L. donovani. Natural products have displayed promising activity against different protozoan infections, but most of these studies on natural products have been performed in vitro only. The transitions from in vitro study to in vivo trials and also the clinical trials of the new compounds are urgently required to prove their efficacy and safety.

Os análogos de flavonas são compostos naturais da classe dos flavonoides que apresentam ampla gama de atividades biológicas. O presente estudo objetivou predizer com auxílio de metodologias in silico a biodisponibilidade oral e análises farmacocinéticas e toxicológicas para três análogos de flavonas (apigenina, crisina e luteolina). O estudo revelou que os análogos apresentam boa disponibilidade oral, parâmetros farmacocinéticos e toxicológicos favoráveis. O Screening Virtual realizado para predição da biodisponibilidade oral revelou que todos os análogos não violaram a Regra de Lipinski. O estudo farmacocinético in silico revelou que todos os análogos possuem elevada absorção intestinal, não atravessam a barreira hematoencefálica, são permeáveis pelas células Caco-2 e não inibem a glicoproteína P. O estudo ADME in silico mostrou que todos os análogos inibem as enzimas do complexo citocromo P450 (CYP4501A2, CYP4502C9, CYP4502C19, CYP4503A4) e que apenas a enzima CYP4502D6 não sofre inibição. O estudo Toxicológico in silico indicou que os análogos não apresentam toxicidade pelo Teste de AMES e não são carcinogênicos. A apigenina e a crisina apresentam baixa toxicidade, enquanto a luteolina possui toxicidade moderada.

Luffa cylindrica, popularly known as sponge gourd is a tropic and sub-tropical fibrous plant with fruits containing black seeds. The fruit is consumed by humans as a vegetable in many parts of Asia, while different parts of the plant are used for cosmetics and as medicine in many parts of the globe. The plant has been used in the treatment of many ailments including nose cancer, snake venom, wound healing, edema, enterobiasis, filaria, whooping cough, stomach upset, stomach pain and malaria. Many health-promoting compounds such as flavonoids (apigenin-7- glucuronide luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucuronide methyl ester, -O-feruloyl-β-D-glucose, luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucuronide methyl ester), phenolics acids (p-Coumaric, gallic, caffeic, chlorogenic), triterpenoids (oleanolic acid and echinocystic acid), saponins (Lucyoside A-M), tannins (catechin), ribosome-inactivating proteins (α- luffin), carotenoids (9 -cis neoxanthin, all-trans-lutein, all-trans-β-carotene), chlorophylls (chlorophyll a and b, pheophytin), cucurbitacin B and gypsogenin have been detected or isolated from different parts of the plants. Extracts of the plant and isolated compounds have wide spectrum pharmacological activities and have been shown to possess antiemetic, antidiabetic, antiviral, wound healing, anticancer, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, anti-bacteria, anthelmintic, hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant activity, and hepato-protective effects in animal models. However, further information is needed on its safety and mechanisms of action. The present article is an updated review of the ethnobotanical uses, pharmacological actions, phytochemistry, safety, and future application of Luffa cylindrica in translational medicine.

Plants, especially herbs and spices, have always been the major sources of numerous natural compounds with antioxidant activity and other beneficial properties and, specifically, Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) has been widely accepted as one of the spices with highest antioxidant activities which appear to be related to their richness of phenolic compounds. This study was undertaken with the aim to estimate the total phenolic content, identify and quantify the polyphenolic compounds of the methanolic extracts from post-distilled rosemary, collected from two different bioclimatic areas from Tunisia. Total phenolic content (TPC) was determined by Folin–Ciocalteu method. Identification and quantification of polyphenolic compounds was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. TPC ranged from 85.8 to 137.3 mg GAE/g DE in rosemary extracts. HPLC analysis showed the presence of carnosic acid and carnosol, wich were found to be the most abundant compounds in all analyzed extracts (46.3 to 76.4 and 22.4 to 43.5 mg/g of plant dry weight respectively), rosmarinic acid and caffeic acid as phenolic acids, besides some flavonoids such as apigenin, luteolin, genkwanin and hesperidin. This study revealed that rosemary post-distilled residues were shown to be promising with regard to their incorporation into various foods, cosmetics and fragrances.Therefore, supplementing a balanced diet with herbs may have beneficial health effects.

Plants are prone to encounter some environmental stresses that include both biotic and abiotic. Plants in response to these stress conditions alter their metabolism at the genetic level with consequential effects at the metabolite production. Phenolic compounds, which are secondary metabolites are one such chemical entity which plays a significant role in various physiological processes of the plant. They are mainly formed by three different types of metabolic pathways that produce phenyl propanoid derivatives, flavonoids, terpenoids based on the needs of the plant and the rate of their production is solely dictated by the type of stress condition. A number of phenolic compounds like phytoalexins, phytoanticipins and nematicides exhibit negative response to biotic stress against several soil borne pathogens and nematodes. But some of the phenolic compounds like acetosyringone, umbelliferone, vanillyl alcohol, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, apigenin and luteolin are found to exhibit beneficial effects to plants by encouraging rhizosphere formation particularly in Leguminosae family. Some of the ROS produced in various stress conditions are effectively dealt by various phenolics with antioxidant activity like hydroxyl benzoic acids and hydroxyl cinnamic acids. As the in vivo production of phenolics in plants is influenced by external factors it can certainly provide information for the adoption of agronomic practices to yield the full befits of commercial exploitation. As the in vivo production of phenolics in plants is influenced by external factors it can certainly provide information for the adoption of agronomic practices to yield the full befits of commercial exploitation.

A team of scientists from the Department of Food Technology from Plant Raw Materials
 conducts a set of studies aimed at finding ways to extract phytochemical compounds to create
 functional food systems. Laboratory methods have been developed for the extraction of watersoluble and fat-soluble biologically active substances from plant raw materials (tocopherols,
 carotenoids and phospholipids). Supercritical liquid extraction was chosen as the most suitable
 method to replace organic solvent extraction protocols. In order to develop laboratory methods for
 extracting f