Tesis: "Flatfoot"

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Twomey, Dara Safety Science Faculty of Science UNSW. "Performance differences between normal and low arched feet in 9 - 12 year old children". Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Safety Science, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/24344.

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In the past people were excluded from military service and many children suffered under the stigma of having flat feet. Flat feet have been a very popular area of research for years, yet many unresolved issues still exist. There appears to be no universally accepted definition of normal arch height within the general population, which leads to difficulty in identifying and classifying flat feet. A reduced arch appears to have an effect on human movement but the extent of this in dynamic movement remains undefined. The primary aim of this project was to investigate if there were differences in performance of basic gross motor skills between normal and low arched feet in 9 ??? 12 year old children. The principal measurement technique proposed was more accurate than previous studies and permitted an in-depth analysis of the foot in dynamic situations. This three-dimensional foot analysis facilitated a greater understanding of the biomechanics of the foot. The research was undertaken in three phases. The initial phase classified approximately one hundred children???s feet for inclusion in the subsequent phases. Static footprints and dynamic arch height measurement were recorded. The second phase comprised of three-dimensional foot analysis, and basic functional tasks including, jumping, balancing, and hopping undertaken with thirty children; fifteen low and fifteen normal arched. An additional twenty-four children participated in the third and final phase, which included a lower limb gait analysis with strength and proprioception tests in addition to the tests in phase two. Kinematically the low arched foot had a significantly lower medial arch angle and a reduced forefoot pronation angle throughout the gait cycle. This research also found that they had a more externally rotated hip particularly during the stance phase of gait. Functionally there were remarkably few differences between the two groups. The low arched group had significantly reduced performance in lateral hopping. However they showed stronger plantar flexion strength, and performed better in the vertical jumping task. It can be concluded from this research that there is no major disadvantage to performance of gross motor skills for the children in this project with low arched asymptomatic feet.

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Kerr, Catriona Mairi. "Paediatric flexible flatfoot : a new stance : beyond static assessment". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:16d2b912-9dcd-4d46-af2c-edad475b73ea.

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Flatfoot is often asymptomatic but sometimes presents with symptoms, even in children. This thesis aimed to discover if there was a difference between children with and without symptoms, in the hope that this might aid treatment decisions. Firstly, an audit was performed to discover the prevalence and type of symptoms, as well as current treatment protocols. Secondly, 107 volunteers from the general population and 20 patients were assessed in more detail. The participants were divided into groups and ANOVA tests were used to find the significant differences. Pain and parental concern were frequently reported in the audit population. The majority of this population had moderate bilateral flexible flatfoot with an active Windlass mechanism and static heel valgus. Treatment was dependent on department. The symptomatic group displayed reduced passive ankle dorsiflexion indicating tightness of the tendo-Achilles, as well as increased frequency of severe knee hyperextension and knee valgus upon clinical examination. During static stance, three differences were found between symptomatic and asymptomatic groups, two differences between flat feet and neutral feet. During dynamic trials, the symptomatic group showed reduced stride length and percentage time spent in swing. The ground reaction profiles showed differences in early and late stance. Further investigation supported the idea that decreased late stance vertical ground reaction force peak was evidence of instability in the symptomatic group. Four kinematic parameters demonstrated significant differences at foot strike, five at midstance, and seven at foot off. In terms of kinetics, after controlling for relative stride length, four differences were found, but none between the asymptomatic and symptomatic flat feet. Plantar pressure was successfully used to estimate truncated foot length. The flat feet did not display increased peak midfoot pressure; it was actually lower in flat footed groups. Arch Index and Modified Arch Index were successfully used for instantaneous and continuous assessment of foot posture over stance. The differences found between symptomatic and asymptomatic flat feet (particularly at foot off) shed some light upon the potential causes of symptoms.

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3

Williams, Lindsey Leigh y Lindsey Leigh Williams. "A Finite Element Model of a Realistic Foot and Ankle for Flatfoot Analysis". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626145.

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Adult-Acquired Flatfoot is a degenerative condition in which the ligaments and tendons supporting the arch deteriorate eventually leading to arch collapse. This deterioration can occur at various locations along the arch creating a number of different patterns of collapse. Surgical treatment for adult acquired flatfoot consists of a combination of various osteotomies. Although general guidelines exist, there is no systematic way to determine which combination of osteotomies should be used to correct a given foot deformity. Computer simulation with finite element analysis might provide an analytical tool to optimize the choice of osteotomy location and size. By dividing a complex problem into simpler components, finite element analysis allows for the solution of complex problems by solving a large set of simple equations. Finite element analysis has previously been used to study effects of diabetes, shoe design, and gait analysis in the foot. These studies have oversimplified geometry and material properties of foot tissues which limits the true mechanical behavior. The goal of this study was to create an anatomically and physiologically correct finite element model of the foot and ankle. To create a healthy foot model, CT scans were collected from one cadaver foot to create a three-dimensional cortical bone model in 3D Slicer software. The cortical bone model was imported into SolidWorks to create the geometry for trabecular bone, cartilage, ligaments, and tendons. Journal articles, textbooks, and other resources were used in order to create realistic cartilage, ligament, and tendon models (Netter & Colacino, 1997; see also Boss & Hintermann, 2002; Campbell et al., Apr. 2014; Golanó et al., 2010; Mahadevan). Final approval of the model’s geometry was obtained from the orthopaedic surgeon supervising this study. After completing the anatomically correct geometry of the foot, it was imported into finite element software (ANSYS, http://www.ansys.com/). The model was meshed with solid elements only: tetrahedral elements for the foot and hexahedral elements for the ground support. Linear elastic material properties were assigned to all bodies. Boundary conditions and contacts were created including a fixed ground support and bonded and frictionless contacts. A body weight force was applied to the tibia and tendon forces were applied to simulate loading during midstance. The frictionless contacts created a nonlinear problem that caused the simulation to fail to converge to a solution. Abnormally high stresses and deformation were found in the results. The foot model failed to converge to realistic results because of the current model’s complexity. An anatomically correct foot model was successfully created, but simplifications need to be made to the model in the future for convergence. Recommendations for simplification include modeling ligaments as truss elements, adding spring elements to tendons, and adding soft tissue or fat pads to the model. After simplifications are completed and realistic results are obtained, Flatfoot conditions and surgeries can be simulated and analyzed.

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Žygienė, Vilija. "Ilgalaikių kineziterapinių procedūrų efektyvumas koreguojant ikimokyklinio amžiaus vaikų plokščiapadystę, plokščiapadystės sąsajos su laikysena". Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2005. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2005~D_20050517_095244-40729.

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Flatfoot is one of the most common conditions seen in pediatric podiatry practice. Flatfoot is a term used to describe a recognizable clinical deformity created by malalignment at several adjacent joints. Clinically, a flatfoot is one that has a low or absent longitudinal arch. There enough many studies designed to assess the flatfoot and body posture of young schoolchildren but it is difficult to find out the data concerning the preschool children. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficiency of long-term exercise training procedures designed for the treatment of flatfoot of pre-school children and influence of flatfoot to posture. Subject in this study was 61 pre-school children. To 32 of them was set the diagnosis of flatfoot and during three years the exercise training procedures was applied. The results obtained during the study has showed that for 44 percent of these children has not any deformations of foots, so the designed exercise training procedures were effective. The other task of this study was to assess the influence of flatfoot to posture. Children who has a foot deformations has more frequent postural problems in comparison to healthy foot children. The higher influence to body posture has a asymmetry in flatfoot than the degree or value of flatfoot. On the other hand the employed computer program “Autocad” was suitable for evaluation of postural peculiarities of children and allowed to perform a precise measurements and analysis of obtained... [to full text]

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5

Spratley, Edward Meade. "Patient-Specific Modeling Of Adult Acquired Flatfoot Deformity Before And After Surgery". VCU Scholars Compass, 2013. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3278.

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The use of computational modeling is an increasingly commonplace technique for the investigation of biomechanics in intact and pathological musculoskeletal systems. Moreover, given the robust and repeatable nature of computer simulation and the prevalence of software techniques for accurate 3-D reconstructions of tissues, the predictive power of these models has increased dramatically. However, there are no patient-specific kinematic models whose function is dictated solely by physiologic soft-tissue constraints, articular shape and contact, and without idealized joint approximations. Moreover, very few models have attempted to predict surgical effects combined with postoperative validation of those predictions. Given this, it is not surprising that the area of foot/ankle modeling has been especially underserved. Thus, we chose to investigate the pre- and postoperative kinematics of Adult Acquired Flatfoot Deformity (AAFD) across a cohort of clinically diagnosed sufferers. AAFD was chosen as it is a chronic and degenerative disease wherein degradation of soft-tissue supporters of the medial arch eventually cause gross malalignment in the mid- and hindfoot, along with significant pain and dysfunction. Also, while planar radiographs are still used to diagnose and stage the disease, it is widely acknowledged that these 2-D measures fail to fully describe the 3-D nature of AAFD. Thus, a population of six patient-specific rigid-body computational models was developed using the commercially available software packages Mimics® and SolidWorks® in order to investigate foot function in patients with diagnosed Stage IIb AAFD. Each model was created from patient-specific sub-millimeter MRI scans, loaded with body weight, individualized muscle forces, and ligament forces, in single leg stance. The predicted model kinematics were validated pre- and postoperatively using clinically utilized radiographic angle distance measures as well as plantar force distributions. The models were then further exploited to predict additional biomechanical parameters such as articular contact force and soft-tissue strain, as well as the effect of hypothetical surgical interventions. Subsequently, kinematic simulations demonstrated that the models were able to accurately predict foot/ankle motion in agreement with their respective patients. Additionally, changes in joint contact force and ligament strain observed across surgical states further elucidate the complex biomechanical underpinnings of foot and ankle function.

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Matheis, Erika. "Plantar Measurements to Determine Success of Surgical Correction of Stage IIb Adult Acquired Flatfoot Deformity". VCU Scholars Compass, 2012. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2943.

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Adult Acquired Flatfoot Deformity (AAFD) is a progressive disease characterized by mechanical degeneration of the soft tissue structure in the arch of the foot that leads to changes in joint alignment. Surgical intervention commonly via tendon transfer and bony osteotomy is used to restore arch architecture, however there is a lack of quantitative assessments that measure the success of the surgical correction in vivo. Using plantar pressures via Tekscan® HR Mat and surveys (SF-36, FAOS), pre-operative and post-operative measures for six participants were defined, analyzed and compared. A paired t-test showed significant lateral shift for percent body weight during walking postoperativelyin the forefoot and midfoot regions. However, arch index measurement showed no significant change. The FAOS survey score also improved statistically postoperatively. The surgical correction was successful as deemed by some of these quantitative and qualitative measures.

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7

Smith, Brian A. "Computational Modeling to Assess Surgical Procedures for the Treatment of Adult Acquired Flatfoot Deformity". VCU Scholars Compass, 2015. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4019.

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Several surgically corrective procedures are considered to treat Adult Acquired Flatfoot Deformity (AAFD) patients, relieve pain, and restore function. Procedure selection is based on best practices and surgeon preference. Recent research created patient specific models of Adult Acquired Flatfoot Deformity (AAFD) to explore their predictive capabilities and examine effectiveness of the surgical procedure used to treat the deformity. The models’ behavior was governed solely by patient bodyweight, soft tissue constraints, and joint contact without the assumption of idealized joints. The current work expanded those models to determine if an alternate procedure would be more effective for the individual. These procedures included one hindfoot procedure, the Medializing Calcaneal Osteotomy (MCO), and one of three lateral column procedures: Evans osteotomy, Calcaneocuboid Distraction Arthrodesis (CCDA), Z osteotomy and the combination procedures MCO & Evans osteotomy, MCO & CCDA, and MCO & Z osteotomy all used in combination with a tendon transfer. The combination MCO & Evans and MCO & Z procedures were shown to provide the greatest amount of correction for both forefoot abduction and hindfoot valgus. However, these two procedures significantly increased the joint contact force, specifically at the calcaneocuboid joint, and ground reaction force along the lateral column. With exception to the lateral bands of the plantar fascia and middle spring ligament, the strain present in the plantar fascia, spring, and deltoid ligaments decreased after all procedures. The use of patient specific computational models provided the ability to investigate effects of alternate surgical corrections on restoring biomechanical function in flatfoot patients.

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Lima, Thiago Coelho. "Tratamento cirúrgico do pé plano flexível em crianças e adolescentes por osteotomia de alongamento da coluna lateral do calcâneo ou artrorrise subtalar: revisão sistemática da literatura". Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17142/tde-26042018-161555/.

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O pé plano flexível é condição frequente na criança e apresenta forte tendência para correção espontânea ou tornar-se deformidade moderada ou leve no adulto, que não causará problema. Entretanto, em uma pequena proporção de casos, a deformidade é mais grave, não melhora espontaneamente ou com métodos conservadores, há comprometimento mecânico, deformidade e, eventualmente, dor. Assim, o tratamento cirúrgico deve ser considerado e, para isso, várias técnicas são descritas. O objetivo desta revisão sistemática foi avaliar os resultados da literatura do tratamento do pé plano flexível sintomático da criança ou adolescente pela osteotomia de alongamento da coluna lateral do calcâneo e pela artrorrise subtalar. Foi realizada busca sistemática eletrônica nas bases de dados PubMed, Web of Science, SCOPUS, Cochrane, LILACS e SCIELO, além de sites relevantes, por artigos publicados entre 1975 e novembro de 2016. Após aplicação dos critérios de elegibilidade, os artigos selecionados foram avaliados quanto aos resultados clínicos, radiográficos e complicações. Dos 393 artigos encontrados nas bases de dados, apenas 32 estudos foram selecionados, segundo os critérios de inclusão e exclusão, 24 artigos avaliaram artrorrise subtalar (total de 1.395 pacientes, 2.307 pés tratados) e oito avaliaram osteotomia de alongamento da coluna lateral do calcâneo (total de 105 pacientes, 167 pés). O seguimento pós-operatório médio foi de 51,8 meses (mínimo de dois e máximo de 225 meses) para artrorrise subtalar e 34,8 meses (mínimo de seis e máximo de 156 meses) para osteotomia de alongamento da coluna lateral do calcâneo. A idade mínima no momento de realização da cirurgia foi de quatro anos e a idade máxima foi de 18 anos. Somente seis autores realizaram estudo prospectivo, apenas um comparou as duas técnicas, mas sem caso-controle ou aleatorização. Clinicamente, houve 88,3% de pacientes satisfeitos ou muito satisfeitos submetidos à artrorrise subtalar e 91,4% dos submetidos a osteotomia de alongamento da coluna lateral do calcâneo e 8% de insatisfeitos submetidos a artrorrise subtalar e 6,2% de insatisfeitos submetidos a osteotomia de alongamento da coluna lateral do calcâneo. Quanto aos parâmetros radiográficos, houve melhora de todos os sete ângulos avaliados nas duas técnicas. A taxa total de complicações foi de 18,2% para os submetidos a artrorrise subtalar, compostas principalmente por dor residual (11,5%), necessidade de reabordagem (8,9%), quebra de implante (5,2%), necessidade de retirada do implante (5,2%), para osteotomia de alongamento da coluna lateral do calcâneo a taxa total de complicações foi de 20,9%, compostas principalmente por deiscência de ferida operatória (19%), dor residual (17,2%), deslocamento do enxerto ósseo (9%) e pseudoartrose (7,1%). As publicações no período avaliado são compostas em sua maioria por estudos descritivos ou série de casos (nível de evidência III ou IV), com grandes variações metodológicas, mas com alto índice de satisfação dos pacientes e cirurgiões, em relação aos resultados nas duas técnicas. Entretanto, são necessárias novas pesquisas com desenho prospectivo, aleatorizado, grupo controle adequado e critérios de avaliação validados.
Flexible flatfoot is a common pediatric condition and has a strong tendency to spontaneously regress as growth progresses. However, in a small number of cases, the deformity is more severe, does not improve spontaneously or with conservative methods and may cause mechanical impairment and pain. In such cases, operative management should be considered, and several correction techniques are available. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the publications on calcaneal lateral column lengthening osteotomy or subtalar arthroereisis for severe flexible flatfoot in children or adolescents. A systematic search was performed of the electronic databases PubMed, Web of Science, SCOPUS, Cochrane, LILACS, CINAHL and SciELO for articles published between 1975 and 2016. After applying the eligibility criteria, the publications were evaluated for clinical and radiographic results and complications. We identified 393 articles, but only selected 32 studies using the inclusion and exclusion criteria. These studies included a total of eight articles (105 patients and 167 feet) for calcaneal lateral column lengthening and 24 articles for subtalar arthroereisis (1,395 patients and 2,307 feet). The mean postoperative follow-up was 34.8 months (minimum: 6 months) for calcaneal osteotomy and 51.8 months (minimum of two months) for subtalar arthroereisis. The minimum and maximum ages at the time of the surgery were four years and 18 years, respectively. Only six authors conducted prospective studies, but their reports did not include case-controls or randomization. According to these studies, clinically, there were 88.3% of satisfied or very satisfied patients submitted to subtalar arthroereisis and 91.4% of those undergoing calcaneal lateral column lengthening osteotomy and 8% of dissatisfied patients undergoing subtalar arthroereisis and 6.2% of dissatisfied for calcaneal lateral column lengthening osteotomy. Regarding the radiographic parameters, there was improvement of all seven angles evaluated in the two techniques. The total rate of complications was 18.2% for those undergoing subtalar arthroereisis, composed mainly of residual pain (11.5%), need for reboarding (8.9%), implant failure (5.2%), need for implant removal (5,2%). The total complication rate was 20.9% for calcaneal lateral column lengthening osteotomy, consisting mainly of operative wound dehiscence (19%), residual pain (17,2%), displacement of the bone graft (9%) and pseudoarthrosis (7.1%). The majority of publications were descriptive studies or case series (evidence level III or IV), with different study designs, but patients and surgeons reported high satisfaction with the results. However, more research is needed with a prospective and randomized design, adequate control groups, and objective evaluation criteria.

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Azevedo, Liliana Aparecida de Paula. "Analise dos pés através da baropodometria e da classificação plantar em escolares de Guaratinguetá /". Guaratinguetá : [s.n.], 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97106.

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Orientador: Luiz Fernando Costa Nascimento
Banca: Mauro Pedro Peres
Banca: Luis Carlos Ribeiro Lara
Resumo: O presente estudo teve por objetivo realizar um levantamento do padrão do pé em crianças no início da segunda infância. A metodologia utilizou duas plataformas de força para detecção da distribuição das pressões plantares e da impressão plantar para mensurar o arco longitudinal medial, por conseguinte, classificar os tipos de pés. Foram comparadas as forças plantares da porção medial, lateral e as forças plantares da região anterior e posterior dos pés. Os pés, após serem classificados, foram comparados com as médias das forças plantares de cada sensor. Estes valores médios, foram comparados através do teste t de Student, teste de ANOVA e estimadas as correlações através do Coeficiente de Pearson com significância de alfa 5%. Participaram do estudo 57 escolares da primeira série do ensino fundamental com idade média de 7 anos e 6 meses, sem qualquer queixa ou indício de patologia ortopédica e/ou neurológica. A aquisição da atividade baropodométrica, foi coletada três vezes seguidas para cada sensor, e realizada na posição ortostática como a impressão plantar. As pressões plantares foram significativamente maiores da região medial do pé esquerdo e em ambos os retropés. A amostra apresentou prevalência de pés planos. Foi possível identificar uma boa correlação entre as forças plantares e o peso das crianças e uma boa correlação entre o total das áreas da impressão plantar com o peso da criança.
Abstract: The aim of this study was to obtain a survey on foot pattern of children up to 10 years old of. The method utilized two pressure platform to detect the distribution of plantar pressures and of plantar prints to measure the medial and longitudinal foot arch and to classify the foot types. The plantar pressures were compared according to medial and lateral side of foot the anterior and posterior regions of the foot were also studied. The feet were classified and were compared the mean pressure plantar of each platform sensor. These mean values were analysed by Student t test, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test and the correlations were performed by the Pearson coeficient. The significance level adopted was alpha = 5%. This study was developed with students of Alcina Soares Fundamental Level School, located in Guaratinguetá, São Paulo State. Fitfy seven students were enrolled in this study. The average age of the participants age was 7,5 years old, they did not present any orthopedical or neurological symptom. The baropodometric activity records were collected with three times repetition to each sensor and the prodecure was performed in orthostatic position. The same procedure was adopted to obtain the plantar print. The plantar pressures were higher in the posterior region of the foot and in the medial region of the feet left. The plantar pressures were higher in the flat foot in comparison to the normal foot. It was possible to identify a good correlation between total foot surface and child weight; also, the plantar footprint had a good correlation with the child weight. So, the procedure performed with mechanical sensor was capable to define the pattern of pressure plantar in students.
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Azevedo, Liliana Aparecida de Paula [UNESP]. "Analise dos pés através da baropodometria e da classificação plantar em escolares de Guaratinguetá". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97106.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-11Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:58:09Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 azevedo_lap_dr_guara.pdf: 1262469 bytes, checksum: 16f7a071d0d4fefa5c5933ea7ec4d6df (MD5)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
O presente estudo teve por objetivo realizar um levantamento do padrão do pé em crianças no início da segunda infância. A metodologia utilizou duas plataformas de força para detecção da distribuição das pressões plantares e da impressão plantar para mensurar o arco longitudinal medial, por conseguinte, classificar os tipos de pés. Foram comparadas as forças plantares da porção medial, lateral e as forças plantares da região anterior e posterior dos pés. Os pés, após serem classificados, foram comparados com as médias das forças plantares de cada sensor. Estes valores médios, foram comparados através do teste t de Student, teste de ANOVA e estimadas as correlações através do Coeficiente de Pearson com significância de alfa 5%. Participaram do estudo 57 escolares da primeira série do ensino fundamental com idade média de 7 anos e 6 meses, sem qualquer queixa ou indício de patologia ortopédica e/ou neurológica. A aquisição da atividade baropodométrica, foi coletada três vezes seguidas para cada sensor, e realizada na posição ortostática como a impressão plantar. As pressões plantares foram significativamente maiores da região medial do pé esquerdo e em ambos os retropés. A amostra apresentou prevalência de pés planos. Foi possível identificar uma boa correlação entre as forças plantares e o peso das crianças e uma boa correlação entre o total das áreas da impressão plantar com o peso da criança.
The aim of this study was to obtain a survey on foot pattern of children up to 10 years old of. The method utilized two pressure platform to detect the distribution of plantar pressures and of plantar prints to measure the medial and longitudinal foot arch and to classify the foot types. The plantar pressures were compared according to medial and lateral side of foot the anterior and posterior regions of the foot were also studied. The feet were classified and were compared the mean pressure plantar of each platform sensor. These mean values were analysed by Student t test, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test and the correlations were performed by the Pearson coeficient. The significance level adopted was alpha = 5%. This study was developed with students of Alcina Soares Fundamental Level School, located in Guaratinguetá, São Paulo State. Fitfy seven students were enrolled in this study. The average age of the participants age was 7,5 years old, they did not present any orthopedical or neurological symptom. The baropodometric activity records were collected with three times repetition to each sensor and the prodecure was performed in orthostatic position. The same procedure was adopted to obtain the plantar print. The plantar pressures were higher in the posterior region of the foot and in the medial region of the feet left. The plantar pressures were higher in the flat foot in comparison to the normal foot. It was possible to identify a good correlation between total foot surface and child weight; also, the plantar footprint had a good correlation with the child weight. So, the procedure performed with mechanical sensor was capable to define the pattern of pressure plantar in students.

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Luiz, Sonia Maria Fabris. "Impacto de dois níveis de obesidade grave sobre as alterações ostearticulares e funcionais de joelho e pé". Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5168/tde-06022013-161645/.

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INTRODUÇÃO: A obesidade pode favorecer uma série de problemas musculoesqueléticos e está associada com dor e deficiência funcional. Este estudo teve por objetivo analisar a influência de dois níveis de obesidade grave (40 a 50 Kg/m2 versus maior 50 Kg/m2) sobre as alterações osteoarticulares e funcionais do joelho e pé em candidatos á cirurgia bariátrica. MÉTODOS: Foram analisados 81 indivíduos com indicação de gastroplastia com derivação intestinal em Y em Roux. Os indivíduos foram estratificados de acordo com IMC em dois grupos, sendo IMC1(40,0 a 49,6 Kg/m2) e IMC2 (50,0 a 81,3 Kg/m2). A população foi submetida á análise radiológica de joelho para verificação de osteoartrite (escala de Kellgren-Lawrence); Raio-x do pé para mensuração do ângulo tálus-primeiro metatarso (T1M); impressão plantar para cálculo do índice de Staheli (IS) e questionários funcionais, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Ostheoarthritis Index (WOMAC) e Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS). Na análise estatística para as variáveis classificatórias foi executado o teste qui-quadrado ou teste exato de Fisher (frequência esperada 5). RESULTADOS: O gênero predominante foi feminino (77,8%), a média de idade de 40,7±10,0 anos e o IMC médio de 50,2±7,7 Kg/m2. Observou-se associação significativa entre IMC/T1M (p=0,03) e não significante para IMC/osteoartrite joelho e IMC/IS (p>0,05). Dor e dificuldades funcionais foram mais prevalentes no grupo de superobesos (p<0,05). CONCLUSÕES: A obesidade extremamente avançada (superobesidade) acentua a alteração da morfologia do arco plantar, favorecendo a instalação do pé pronado. Adicionalmente tem influência marcante sobre sintomatologia de dor e as alterações funcionais do joelho e do pé
Obesity can promote a variety of musculoskeletal disorders and is associated with pain and functional disability. This study aimed to analyze the influence of two levels of severe obesity (40 to 50 kg/m2 versus 50 kg/m2 higher) on osteoarticular and functional changes of the knee and foot in candidates for bariatric surgery. METHODS: We analyzed 81 subjects which were stratified according to BMI in two groups, with BMI1 (40,0 to 49,6 kg/m2) and BMI2 (50,0 to 81,3 kg/m2). The population underwent radiological analysis for knee osteoarthritis (Kellgren-Lawrence scale); x-ray of the foot to measure the talus-first metatarsal angle (T1M); footprint to calculate the Staheli index (SI) and functional questionnaires , Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Ostheoarthritis Index (WOMAC) and Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS). Statistical analysis for categorical variables was performed the chi-square or Fisher\'s exact test (expected frequency 5). RESULTS: The predominant gender was female (77,8%), mean age was 40,7 ± 10,0 years and mean BMI 50,2 ± 7,7Kg/m2. There was a significant association between BMI/T1M (p = 0,03) and not significant for BMI / knee osteoarthritis and BMI / SI (p> 0,05). Pain and functional disability were more prevalent in the group of superobese (p <0,05). CONCLUSIONS: Superobesity promotes additional alteration of the morphology of the plantar arch, favoring the installation of pronated foot. It has an important influence on symptoms of pain and functional changes of the knee and foot

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Iaquinto, Joseph. "The Design and Validation of a Novel Computational Simulation of the Leg for the Investigation of Injury, Disease, and Surgical Treatment". VCU Scholars Compass, 2010. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2115.

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Computational modeling of joints and their function, a developing field, is becoming a significant health and wellness tool of our modern age. Due to familiarity of prior research focused on the lower extremity, a foot and ankle 3D computational model was created to explore the potential for these computational methods. The method of isolating CT scanned tissue and rendering a patient specific anatomy in the digital domain was accomplished by the use of MIMICS™ , SolidWorks™, and COSMOSMotion™ – all available in the commercial domain. The kinematics of the joints are driven solely by anatomically modeled soft tissue applied to articulating joint geometry. Soft tissues are based on highly realistic measurements of anatomical dimension and behavior. By restricting all model constraints to true to life anatomical approximations and recreating their behavior, this model uses inverse kinematics to predict the motion of the foot under various loading conditions. Extensive validation of the function of the model was performed. This includes stability of the arch (due to ligament deficiency) and joint behavior (due to disease and repair). These simulations were compared to a multitude of studies, which confirmed the accuracy of soft tissue strain, joint alignment, joint contact force and plantar load distribution. This demonstrated the capability of the simulation technique to both qualitatively recreate trends seen experimentally and clinically, as well as quantitatively predict a variety of tissue and joint measures. The modeling technique has further strength by combining measurements that are typically done separate (experimental vs. clinical) to build a more holistic model of foot behavior. This has the potential to allow additional conclusions to be drawn about complications associated with repair techniques. This model was built with the intent to provide an example of how patient specific bony geometry can be used as either a research or surgical tool when considering a disease state or repair technique. The technique also allows for the repeated use of anatomy, which is not possible experimentally or clinically. These qualities, along with the accuracy demonstrated in validation, prove the integrity of the technique along with demonstrating its strengths.

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Pontin, Pedro Augusto. "Análise de polimorfismos nos receptores de estrogênio alfa e beta em mulheres pós-menopáusicas com tendinopatia do tendão do músculo tibial posterior". Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5140/tde-03052017-150656/.

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INTRODUÇÃO: A disfunção do tendão tibial posterior (DTTP), principal causa de pé plano adquirido no adulto, é mais frequente em indivíduos do gênero feminino e apresenta pico de incidência na sexta década de vida. Diversos fatores de risco - intrínsecos e extrínsecos - e condições sistêmicas associadas são descritas na literatura. A predisposição genética resultante da maior expressão de genes relacionados ao metabolismo hormonal, principalmente do estrogênio, pode desempenhar influência na fisiopatogenia dessa lesão em associação aos fatores comportamentais e endógenos. OBJETIVO: Analisar a frequência de polimorfismos nos genes dos receptores de estrogênio (RE) dos tipos alfa (RE1) e beta (RE2), em pacientes na pós-menopausa com diagnóstico de tendinopatia do tendão do músculo tibial posterior e em pacientes assintomáticas. CASUÍSTICAS e MÉTODOS: Foram incluídas 202 pacientes do gênero feminino (N=202), com idade superior a 40 anos, divididas em 2 grupos (n=101), de casos e controles. Foram definidos como casos pacientes na pós-menopausa com diagnóstico de DTTP, realizado por meio dos exames clínico e de imagem (RM), e, como controles, pacientes com as mesmas características epidemiológicas, assintomáticas, que apresentavam exames clínico e de imagem normais para a avaliação do tendão tibial posterior. Células epiteliais da mucosa bucal das pacientes incluídas no estudo foram coletadas por meio de bochecho com solução glicosada para extração e análise do RESULTADOS: Pacientes portadoras do genótipo xx do SNP XbaI apresentaram risco estimado 2,38 vezes maior (p = 0,029) de desenvolver a DTTP quando comparadas às portadoras dos genótipos selvagem ou heterozigoto. Já a distribuição dos genótipos dos SNP PvuII e AluI não apresentou associação com o desenvolvimento da doença. ADN genômico. Os SNP dos genes dos RE1 (XbaI e PvuII) e RE2 (AluI) foram avaliados com base em PCR-RFLP. CONCLUSÃO: O presente estudo demonstra que pacientes com polimorfismo XbaI do RE1 apresentam maior risco de desenvolvimento da disfunção do tendão tibial posterior
INTRODUCTION: Posterior tibial tendon dysfunction (PTTD), the most common cause of flatfoot deformity in adults, is more frequent in the female gender with peak incidence in the sixth decade of life. Multiple risk factors - intrinsic and extrinsic - and associated systemic conditions have been described in the literature. Genetic predisposition secondary to hyperexpression of genes related to hormonal metabolism, particularly the estrogens, may play a role in the pathogenesis of this disease acting in association with behavioral and endogenous risk factors. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to analyze the frequency of polymorphisms of the estrogen receptors (ER) alpha (ER1) and beta (ER2) in postmenopausal women with PTTD when compared to asymptomatic control patients. METHODS: 202 female patients over the age of 40 were included in the study (N = 202). They were then divided into 2 different groups (n = 101): cases and controls. We defined as cases postmenopausal women with symptomatic PTTD, diagnosed by clinical and MRI examinations. Females with similar epidemiology, but clinically asymptomatic and with normal MRI evaluation for the posterior tibial tendon were defined as controls. Oral mucosa epithelial cells were collected from the patients and genomic DNA was extracted from the samples. The SNPs for the ER1 (XbaI and PvuII) and ER2 (AluI) genes were assessed by PCR-RFLP. RESULTS: Patients with SNP Xbal genotype xx had 2.38 higher estimated risk (p = 0,029) in developing PTTD, when compared to patients with the other genotypes. No associations were found for the SNP PvuII and AluI. CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrates that patients with the Xbal single nucleotide polymorphism of estrogen receptor 1 gene have higher risk of developing posterior tibial tendon dysfunction

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Povilaitytė, Justina. "Ikimokyklinio amžiaus vaikų plokščiapadystės įvertinimo metodų palyginimas prieš ir po kineziterapijos". Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20140618_154251-86290.

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Tyrimo objektas: Ikimokyklinio amžiaus vaikų plokščiapadystės įvertimimo metodų palyginimas prieš ir po kineziterapijos. Tyrimo tikslas: Įvertinti ikimokyklinio amžiaus vaikų plokščiapadystės įvertinimo metodų palyginimus prieš ir po kineziterapijos. Tyrimo hipotezė: Manome, kad ikimokyklinio amžiaus vaikų plokščiapėdystės įvertinimui tiksliausi Čičino metodas ir Chipaux-Smirak indeksas. Tyrimo uždaviniai: 1. Įvertinti ikimokyklinio amžiaus vaikų pėdos antspaudą prieš ir po kineziterapijos naudojant Čičino metodą. 2. Įvertinti ikimokyklinio amžiaus vaikų pėdos antspaudą prieš ir po kineziterapijos naudojant Chipaux-Smirak indeksą. 3. Įvertinti ikimokyklinio amžiaus vaikų pėdos antspaudą prieš ir po kineziterapijos naudojant Staheli indeksą. 4. Įvertinti ikimokyklinio amžiaus vaikų pėdos antspaudą prieš ir po kineziterapijos naudojant Clarke kampo vertinimą. 5. Vertintų metodikų tarpusavio palyginimas. Tyrimo problema: Plokščiapėdystės problemos nagrinėjimo pasigendama šalyje vykdomų mokslinių tyrimų tematikoje. Išvados: 1. Įvertinus ikimokyklinio amžiaus vaikų pėdos antspaudus naudojant Čičino metodą vieno vaiko iš 3-4 metų amžiaus grupės plokščia pėda po kineziterapijos tapo normali, o 4-5 metų amžiaus grupėje vieno vaiko pėda iš suplokštėjusios tapo normalia (p<0.05). 2. Įvertinus 3-4 amžiaus vaikų pėdos antspaudą naudojant Chipaux-Smirak indeksą, prieš kineziterapiją 24 vaikai turėjo plokščią pėdą. Po kineziterapijos dviejų iš jų pėda tapo suplokštėjusi, o dviejų –... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
Research object: Comparison of preschool children flatfoot evaluation methods before and after kinesitherapy. Research aim: Evaluate comparisons of flatfoot evaluation methods for preschool children before and after kinesitherapy. Research hypothesis: We think that the most accurate methods for estimation of preschool children flatfoot are Chichen method and Chipaux-Smirak index. Research tasks: 1. Estimate foot print of preschool children before and after kinesitherapy by using Chichen method. 2. Estimate foot print of preschool children before and after kinesitherapy by using Chipaux-Smirak method. 3. Estimate foot print of preschool children before and after kinesitherapy by using Staheli index. 4. Estimate foot print of preschool children before and after kinesitherapy by using estimation of Clarke angle. 5. Comparison of used methods. Research problem: Lack of scientific research that is related to flatfoot problem analysis in Lithuania. Conclusions: 1. Preschoool children feet stamps were evaluated by Chichen method. Flat foot of one child in 3-4 years age group became normal after kinesitherapy and pre-flat foot of one child in 4-5 years age group became normal (p<0.05). 2. Preschoool children (3-4 years old) feet stamps were evaluated by Chipaux-Smirak index. 24 children had flatfoot before kinesitherapy. After kinesitherapy, two of them had pre-flat feet and two in-between feet. In 4-5 years old children group, flat foot of one child became normal and in 5-6 years... [to full text]

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15

Kynast, Eike. "Die Auswirkung der rheumatoiden Arthritis auf den Plantardruck". Doctoral thesis, [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=976449242.

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Khadura, Mohamed. "Acquired flatfoot in adults". Master's thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-368251.

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Title: Acquired flatfoot in adults Background: Flatfoot deformity is one of the common diagnoses in the orthopedic field and physiotherapy, its common in adults as acquired, there is still a large incidence of flatfoot in adolescence and many cases of adult flatfoot are frequently presented as residual pediatric flatfoot. The treatment also has wide field according to type of cause. Aims: The aim of this literature review was to enhance knowledge on the persistence of the acquired flatfoot condition in adult's population by determining the causes of flatfoot with contributing factors that affect the medial longitudinal arch and progression of the deformity, and review of the most common treatment. Method: An electronic database search was conducted to obtain articles from relevant journals (from early 1990 to end 2015). The information was collected also from textbooks. Results: Regarding the causes of acquired flatfoot in adult, a good base of evidence stems from a number of articles review, the posterior tibialis tendon dysfunction is the most cause of acquired flatfoot. The sensory motor stimulation technique is not the most treatment used to treat acquired flatfoot in adults and the most used treatment is the surgical procedure. Conclusion: Regarding the causes of adults acquired flatfoot in...

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17

Sean, Grambart DPM FACFAS. "The Not So Simple Flatfoot". 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/657091.

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Jornadas Académicas de Salud 2021
Las Jornadas Académicas en Salud 2021 tienen como propósito promover la actualización de los profesionales de la salud de diversas especialidades, enfatizando la atención interprofesional centrada en el paciente.

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18

Hsu, TzuHsiang y 徐子翔. "Image Analysis System for Flatfoot". Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/80885619077848057480.

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碩士
國立暨南國際大學
電機工程學系
100
The human foot’s functional mechanics are greatly influenced by its structure, particularly the height of the medial longitudinal arch.“Pes planus” refers to in which the medial longitudinal arch is lower than established normal parameters. Traditionally, the footprint analysis method can be divided into the following categories:analysis of traditional ink footprints, measurement of the pressure plate, X-ray measurements, boat symptoms bone arch index method, ultrasonic inspection, arch index(AI), image analysis. With the growing use of the pressure plate, the measurement of electronic tools is increasingly common.. In Traditional analysis, the ink footprint analysis is accurate, but it use artificial to calculate the footprint area, so it’s time-consuming and had a lot of work is to do after calculate. Also a doctor of subjective judgment may lead to diagnostic errors. In the future treatment follow-up is not easy. The pressure plate is to use the computer to diagnose, diagnostic accuracy increased slightly, but the pressure plate on the cost is not cheap. The aim of this study is the use of computer image processing, so the computer can automatically determine it is flat foot or not by the image of the plantar, so only need a computer with a video camera to make a diagnosis, this method can not only shorten the time of analysis, but also can save cost. Finally, we use database to record the measured data for person. Physician not only can use the subject's name, case or identity card number to search the patients, but also can know the value of the data of the subjects in the past few times. With these records, not only can accelerate the speed of the doctor's diagnosis can also be more convenient to track subjects and treatment.

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19

"Systematic objective evaluation of flexible flat foot and a rationale of orthotic treatment". 2003. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b6073542.

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Leung Kam Lun.
"July 2003."
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2003.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 187-201).
Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, MI : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Mode of access: World Wide Web.
Abstracts in English and Chinese.

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20

Chang, Chu-Fen y 張祝芬. "Biomechanical Evaluation of The Effect of Arch Supports on Flatfoot". Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/01451147267254155696.

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碩士
國立陽明大學
醫學工程研究所
92
The foot is the first part to respond to the ground reaction force during walking. Variations in foot alignment and motion will influence the normal biomechanical mechanism of the foot. Flatfoot is one of the common foot deformities. Because of the instability of the foot structure resulted from the collapse of the foot arch, the flatfoot patients are generally recommended to use the proper arch supports to support the flattened arch, improving foot structural stability and therefore biomechanical performance. Therefore, the aim of this study is evaluating the biomechanical effect of arch support on the flatfoot. This study first carried out gait analyses using ultra-high resolution stereophotogrammetry system and forceplates to understand the immediate (15 minutes) and short-term (2 weeks) functional influence of prefabricated arch supports respectively on the ground reaction force, kinematics and kinetics of the ankle joints of the structural flatfoot and the functional flatfoot subjects, and then used the arch index confered on the short-term effects of the arch supports on the foot structure of the flatfoot subjects. The results showed that the V2 values of flatfoot subjects were lower than those of normal ones which indicated that the propulsive force of flatfoot subjects during terminal stance phase was worse than normal one. Compared with functional flatfoot subjects, the propulsion of structural flatfoot subjects was poorer. There was no difference between gaits used arch supports for 15 min. and original gait. After using arch supports for 2 weeks, the stance/swing ratio of the functional flatfoot subjects was obviously higher than normal. However, from results of other parameters analysis, there was no modification resulting from arch supports influence in gait of functional flatfoot subjects. The V2 values of structural flatfoot subject were apparently lower than normal, indicating arch supports did not provide the these subjects with the propulsive ability of gait. The short-term results of arch index evidently showed that arch supports did not reform the foot arch alignment of the functional flatfoot and structural the flatfoot subjects. In conclusion, adopting gait analysis and ground reaction force analysis could distinguish flatfoot from normal foot effectively. Additionally, the short-term effect of arch supports on the modification of foot arch structure of the flatfoot subjects was not significant, so it was necessary to carry out the long-term follow-up for confirmation of the biomechanical influence of the arch supports.

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21

Bernasconi, Alessio. "Subtalar arthroereisis in treating flatfoot: clinical, radiographic and functional analysis". Tesi di dottorato, 2020. http://www.fedoa.unina.it/12991/1/Tesi_Dottorato_Dott.A.Bernasconi.pdf.

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Subtalar arthroereisis (STA) is a surgical option in the treatment of flatfoot with the aim of re-establishing a medial foot arch and limiting the motion of the subtalar joint without blocking it. We performed a critical review of the scientific literature in order to define the role of arthroereisis in the treatment of flatfoot based on recent evidence provided, thus resuming the current state of understanding and highlighting the areas where knowledge was still lacking. Secondly, in a retrospective clinical study, we assessed a cohort of patients treated as children hypothesizing that (1) STA provided significant radiographic correction of low longitudinal arch and forefoot abduction in paediatric flatfoot (FF) and that (2) mid-term clinical outcomes were satisfactory and comparable to a normal population. Thirdly, we investigated STA as an adjunct procedure to medialising calcaneal osteotomy, flexor digitorum longus tendon transfer and spring ligament repair in a comparative study on the adult population. As demonstrated in our results, while STA seems to mechanically contribute to the morphological correction of flexible flatfoot providing good clinical outcomes, the risk of complications (especially persistent pain) and the need of removal of the implant must be considered and discussed at length during the preoperative counselling.

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Hsi, Yi-Fen y 洗藝芬. "The Flatfoot Automatic Classification Method Based on Image Recognition and Analysis". Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/hf462w.

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碩士
國立虎尾科技大學
資訊工程研究所
101
In this thesis, the simple interface that help doctors determine the flat feet was proposed. Via using image recognition and analysis such as Gaussian filter and Canny edge detection, the proposed method can remove noise and processing X-ray images of the foot. The individual X-ray image is divided into four blocks according to the proposed division method. According to the proposed algorithms, the system can find out four decision points of each block. Then, the system can automatically identify whether the flat feet is or not. The information and identification can be provided the doctor. In addition, the decision point can be also manually selected In other words, according to the selection made by the doctor, the system can make the results more accurately and objectively.

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23

Chen, Jacky y 陳裕元. "Biomechanical Analysis of Primary School Children With Flatfoot in Selected Landing movement". Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/44763608409873416174.

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碩士
國立臺灣師範大學
體育學系
92
The purposes of this study were to analyze and compare the kinematic and kinetic variables including the vertical jumping ability and the strategies absorbing mechanism in landing between elementary school flatfoot students and normal foot students. We were interesting in the performances when they were executed three types of landing which were vertical jump, landing standing and rebound jump. Fifteen elementary school students（eight flatfoot students and seven normal foot students）were recorded simultaneously by using a Redlake camera（125Hz）and a Kistler force platform（model 9287,1200Hz）. The two groups of three different landing movements were tested by a t-test（α=.05）. The kinematical data indicated that there were no significant differences between two groups when they were performing vertical jump. The kinetics results showed the force of the PK2 during landing in the landings that flatfoot students’ were greater than normal foot students. The 50 microsecond impulses of the flatfoot students were greater than the normal students. So we can make a conclusion that the flatfoot students’ jumping ability is the same with normal foot students. But the landing strategies of flatfoot students are different with the normal students. The flatfoot students have greater possibility to get injury in landing than normal foot students. So, when the flatfoot students take exercise or training, they had better to choose the high-absorbing shoes to avoid injury.

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Wu, Hsin-Tzu y 吳心慈. "The efficiency of medial longitudinal inserts for standing balance in flatfoot patients". Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/75719896229544999584.

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碩士
國立陽明大學
醫學工程研究所
91
Hyperpronative feet could cause poor standing balance and poor proprioception. Adults with flat feet demonstrate several biomechanical inefficiencies in the foot and ankle, and a variety of gait abnormalities. While watching the child walk, there may be clumsiness or looseness to their gait or poor balance. But there was no literatures to prove the difference between flatfoot and normal feet in standing balance. In this study we hope to identify the difference in dynamic balance between 2 groups and to determine the efficiency of medial longitudinal inserts in flatfoot. Arch Index greater than 0.26 was defined as flatfoot. Sixteen young men were included in this study(mean values of Arch Index: R=0.354、L=0.347)and fourteen normal individuals were as a control group(values of Arch Index between 0.211-0.259). The Computerized Balanced-test Machine（self designed）and Isokinetic Dynanometer(Con-Trex system) were using for measurement. Balance test included double-legs opened eyes、double-legs closed eyes, dominated side single-leg standing and non-dominated side single-leg standing. Muscle strength testing included isokinetic testing with speed 180o /s for knee and speed 120o /s for ankle. There is no difference between flatfoot and normal feet in ages、height、weight and lower limbs strength. Flatfoot were poor balance performance than normal feet statistically except double-legs closed eyes this subtest(p=0.193＞0.05). There is no difference in mean tilt angle in flatfoot with/without inserts（p>0.05）. M-L tilt angle was decreased and A-P tilt angle increased found flatfoot with inserts. There was no significant difference between dominated and non-dominated side in single-leg with/without inserts in both group statistically. It had no correlation with Arch Index value between dominated and non-dominated side single-leg standing performance. Flatfoot has poor balance performance than normal group. The medial longitudinal inserts can reduce M-L tilt angle. This also can relieve pain, restrict hindfoot over motions and then provide flatfoot with normal foot structure walking in their life span.

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Kun-Chung y 陳坤鍾. "The relevant factors and footprint analyses of flatfoot in preschool-aged children". Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/53416978538534936702.

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博士
中山醫學大學
醫學研究所
99
Objective: The aims of this study were to (1) discuss the relevant factors of flatfoot including age, gender, obesity status, joint laxity, and the W-sitting habit with preschool-aged children; (2) analyze the footprint measurements and grades of flatfoot in a population of preschool children; and (3) follow up the changes of footprints for discussed the improvement of flatfoot in preschool-aged children. Materials and methods: A total of 1,598 children (833 boys and 765 girls) between 3 and 6 years of age from kindergartens in the central area of Taiwan were studied. At first, the children were divided into a normal group (n=733), a unilateral flatfoot group (n=266), and a bilateral flatfoot group (n=599), and a multinomial logistic regression model was used to analyze the data. Three footprint measurements, the Clarke''s angle (CA), Chippaux-Smirak index (CSI), and Staheli arch index (AI), were used for comparison with clinical diagnosis and displayed in a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. In order to illustrate the diagnostic accuracy in clinical settings, their likelihood ratios were calculated given their cutoff points, and their pretest/posttest probabilities were plotted as the Fagan nomogram. To follow up the changes of footprints for discussed the improvement of flatfoot in preschool-aged children. Results: Our study demonstrates that (1) preschool-aged children with bilateral flat feet were influenced by age, gender, obesity status, joint laxity, and W-sitting; (2) footprint analysis methods are suitable for diagnosing flatfoot in preschool-aged children, and the CSI had a predictive probability of more than 90% and the most appropriate cutoffs are as follows: CA≤14.04°, CSI>62.70% and AI>107.42%; and (3) the incidence of flatfoot is reduced with age in preschool aged children and the proportion was reduced about 14% with increased one year age. Conclusion: Flatfoot in preschool-aged children will resolve with increasing age but some children will represent. The CSI had an especially outstanding performance, and is recommended as the screening tool of choice for flatfoot in preschool-aged children. Children with unilateral flatfoot should be followed and observed before making a diagnosis of flatfoot and initiating treatments. Our findings should provide reference information for researchers and clinical staffs in diagnosing flatfoot in preschool-aged children.

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HUANG, HSIEN-YANG y 黃顯揚. "Effects of Customized Arch Corrective Insoles on the Recovery Time of Flatfoot". Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/76042024235226520283.

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碩士
國立臺南大學
機電系統工程研究所產業碩士專班
105
“Flatfoot”, unlike other diseases, carries less obvious symptom on the human body. But, feet provide a key support for all human activities, once feet pains arise happen will impact patience’s daily life. The structural abnormalities of “Flatfoot” will not only indirectly affect the elasticity and flexibility of the muscles and ligaments, resulting in the deformation of metatarsal (longitudinal arch), but also prolong walking or decrease muscle strength by aging, it can also cause increasingly serious mechanics bias, abnormal foot pressure that produce foot pain. The significant point of this research is to determine the dependency of arch index correction (reduction) and the continuous use of arch assistance device by testing foot arch index change from participants who stopped using foot arch assistance device after experienced significant improvement. Through research we found that the abolition of customized arch insoles can reverse flatfoot recovery. Initially correction can still be maintained after abolition with no significant sign of muscle arch ligament collapse or bone positioning ability decrease. In reverse period, male participants began reversion in the fourth weeks; female participants began in the third week. For the degree of arch index recovery, 10 male experiencers, after 8 weeks of the recovery period, arch index back to the flat foot in 9 experiencers, the proportion was 90%; 10 female experiencers, arch index back to the flat foot in 10 experiencers, the proportion was 100%, from the above that can be deduced to evaluate the customization of the foot arch device has maintenance effect to human body and still need to continue to use to maintain the consequence.

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27

Hunag, Tzu-Hui y 黄資惠. "Neuromuscular assessments of foot intrinsic muscles: (1) between individuals with and without flexible flatfoot (2) before and after a 3-week short footexercise training in individuals with flexible flatfoot". Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/2k96zw.

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博士
國立臺灣大學
物理治療學研究所
107
Background: Flexible flatfoot (FF) is a common foot deformity that can be associated with symptoms such as pain, instability, lower back and lower extremity disorders as well as health-related hazards that directly or indirectly impacting the quality of life. Foot core system theory indicates that plantar intrinsic foot muscles (IFMs) play an important role in supporting and regulating medial longitudinal arch dynamically, especially abductor hallucis muscles (AbH). Prolonged and repeated stretching of AbH in FF may cause changes in muscle reflex properties and further influence postural performance. Although there are some evidences showing neuromuscular differences in IFMs between individuals with and without FF, however, AbH muscle reflex under different postural conditions have never been examined. ‘Short foot exercise’ has been described as a maneuver to isolate the contractions of plantar intrinsic muscles, especially AbH. Previous study also recommended that short foot exercise combined with neuromuscular electrical stimulation is an effective way to learn this exercise. Although short foot exercise could isolate IFMs’ contractions, very limited evidence showed differences in muscle activities and neuromuscular control changes after training. Purposes: (1) to investigate differences in AbH H-reflex and postural sway between individuals with normal foot (NF) alignment and FF under different postural conditions (2) to investigate Changes in reflex of AbH and postural sway during different postural tasks after a 3-week short foot exercises training regimen in individuals with FF. Methods: In the study one, 12 normal foot (NF) and 12 FF individuals were recruited. The AbH H-reflex and CoP displacement were recorded during 3 postural tasks: prone, double-leg stance (DLS), and single-leg stance (SLS) conditions. In the study two, 10 FF individuals were recruited. There were three stages and 12 sections in the short foot exercise training protocol: passive modeling, active-assistive modeling and active modeling. AbH H-reflex and CoP displacement were elevated before and after 3-week short foot exercise to explore the training effects. Statistical analysis: In the study one, the demographic characteristics were compared among the groups by an independent-sample t-tests. A two-way mixed model analysis of variance and Bonferroni corrections was used to compare the AbH H-reflex and EMG related outcomes. An independent-sample t-tests was used to compare CoP displacements between the groups. In the study two, two-way repeated measured analysis of variance was used to compare AbH H-reflex, EMG and CoP displacements before and after a three-week training program under prone, DLS and SLS postural conditions. Results: Study one: Under all postural conditions, AbH H-reflex was significantly lower in the FF group (prone: NF: 3.24 ± 1.05, FF: 1.08 ± 0.61; DLS: NF: 0.906 ± 0.55, FF: 0.442 ± 0.38; SLS: NF: 0.197 ± 0.18, FF: 0.036 ± 0.012). Under the SLS condition, AbH EMG was significantly higher in the FF group (NF: 74.44 ± 10.79% MVIC; FF: 130.31 ± 8.41% MVIC), and CoP displacement for the medial-lateral and anterior-posterior directions were significantly higher in the FF group (P < .05). Study two: There was significantly higher AbH H-reflex ratio under the SLS conditions after the 3-week short foot exercise training interventions ( pre-training: 0.12 ± 0.03, post-training: 0.19 ± 0.07). AbH EMG was significantly lower under the SLS postural conditions after the interventions (pre-training: 114.42 ± 34.76 % MVIC, post-training: 78.77 ± 28.04% MVIC). Significant decreased CoP displacement for the medial-lateral directions under DLS and SLS conditions were observed when compared to pre-training situation. Conclusions: Individuals with FF may exhibit neuromuscular adaptations, such as decreasing H-reflex and increasing EMG, and decreasing postural stability. After the 3-week short foot exercise training, the excitability in the H-reflex pathway increased during the SLS condition in individuals with FF. Furthermore, the increased postural stability after the training also reflected the functional improvement.

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28

Wu, Wei-Che y 吳偉哲. "The influence of running on exercise performance for young adult with flexible flatfoot". Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/4v49d7.

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碩士
中山醫學大學
醫學檢驗暨生物技術學系碩士班
102
Background: Many researchers reported that flexible flatfoot would affect the performance of the exercise. But they lack of direct evidence to prove it. Most scholars believe that is causing affected lower extremity biomechanics. In 2009, there was a study used direct outcome measures to evaluate the difference between the subjects with flatfoot or normal foot. And the study showed there was no significant difference on the performance of the exercise between two groups. To review the prior studies, we can find that the most effects of the flatfoot did not occur immediately. It maybe affects the results of the study. Purpose: The aim of this study was to test the exercise performance before and after they finish a round of running, and compare with different groups. Methods: A total of ninety subjects have a mean age 21.18 ± 1.25 years were recruited. Each foot of the subject was collected footprint in the beginning and the end of the study. Each subject would receive the tests of exercise performance before and after the running. To determine the flatfoot status, we used Chippaux-Smirak index (CSI) acquired from the footprints. After the data collection, we classify the foot condition to four groups by the order of the CSI. Statistical analysis: 1) Chi-square analyses were presented for categorical variable of the basic data; 2) One-way ANOVA analysis were used to identify significant factor from continuous variables of basic data, pre-test of the exercise, post-test of the exercise, and the normalization of the change between the pre-test and post-test; 3) Pair-t test analysis was used to identify the difference of the CSI between first footprint and second footprint. Result: In the basic data, we found there had significant difference on body weight and body mass index in first type, non-dominant side of second type and third type of the classify methods (p=0.010, p=0.002；p=0.037, p=0.011；p=0.015, p=0.004). In the tests of the exercise, we found significant difference on 1) post-test of the eye-closed one leg standing test in first, non-dominant side of the second type and third type of the classify methods (p=0.007, p=0.003, p=0.003). 2) the normalization of the change between the pre-test and post-test of the eye-closed one leg standing test in non-dominant side of the second and third type of the classify methods(p=0.006, p<0.001). 3) the normalization of the change between the pre-test and post-test of the standing broad jumping in the fourth type of the classify methods (p=0.012). And we also found the significant difference between the first and second CSI of the footprint (dominant side: p=0.001; non-dominant side: p<0.001). Conclusion: Our study found that flatfoot would not affect the performance of the exercise immediately. But, it may affect the performance after we do exercise for a while. Besides, we also found that dominant side was a factor to affect the endurance of the flatfoot. If we want to decrease the effects of the flatfoot, we can try to train our muscles of the lower extremity. In gender, body weight and BMI, we found the same result with prior study. Males are more likely to have flat feet than females, and so are overweight and have higher BMI.

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Jheng, Deng-Yun y 鄭登允. "A Research of LED for the Application of the Computerized Flatfoot Diagnosis System". Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/f8eska.

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Chen, Chao-Ying y 陳昭縈. "Effect of insole application on lower extremity kinematics in children with flexible flatfoot". Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/00023633234414367834.

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碩士
國立陽明大學
物理治療暨輔助科技學系
96
Background: Flexible flatfoot is commonly observed in children. Although the condition gradually resolves over the years, a small percentage keeps the foot type into the adult life. It is widely believed that excessive pronation of the foot will result in lower extremity problems due to abnormal kinematic changes during walking or running. Clinically, foot inserts or orthosis are frequently prescribed to children with flexible flatfoot to prevent problems in later lives. Several researchers reported that insole application could reduce abnormal lower extremity kinematics through supporting the foot in a more neutral position. Although customized fabrication has been the gold standard for producing the foot orthosis, numerous studies have shown that even simple-designed orthosis such as medial-wedge inserts could have similar effects on lower extremity kinematic changes just like the customized ones. However, there has been no study to compare the lower extremity kinematic differences in children with and without flexible flatfoot, and insufficient evidence to show the effect of foot insole on the lower extremity kinematic behaviors in children to support the treatment rationale. The purpose of our study was to investigate the differences of lower extremity kinematics in children with and without flexible flatfoot, and the effect of insole with medial wedge application on lower extremity kinematics during gait in children with flexible flatfoot. Methods: Twenty children with flexible flatfoot were recruited. They walked 10 trials on a wooden platform at a comfortable speed with and without a wedged-insole, respectively in the laboratory soft-insole shoes. Another 10 children without flatfoot served as the comparison group. Electromagnetic sensors were placed on the pelvis, thigh, lower leg and calcaneus. Three-dimensional kinematic data were collected using the Liberty Electromagnetic Tracking System, We retrieved data of maximum angle of the calcaneal eversion and internal rotation of the tibia, knee and hip, as well as excursion and maximum velocity of calcaneal inversion/eversion and rotation of the tibial, knee and hip during the stance phase. The data were averaged over three gait cycles for comparison. The static foot alignment variables of the calcaneal eversion angle and navicular height were also measured in the standing position to compare the effects before and after application of the wedged-insole. Results: Children with flexible flatfoot demonstrated less excursion in internal rotation of the hip during gait. The maximum calcaneal eversion velocity and the maximum internal tibial rotation angle reduced significantly after application of the wedged-insole. No other statistical differences were found in the remaining kinematic parameters. The static foot alignment also demonstrated significantly reduced calcaneal eversion angle and increased navicular height in the static standing position. Conclusion: The results of this study showed the maximum calcaneal eversion velocity and internal tibial rotation angle reduced significantly after application of the wedged-insole in children with flexible flatfoot. These changes might provide preventive effects for some of the lower extremity injuries that might result from flexible flatfoot condition.

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31

Hsieh, Yi-Han y 謝伊涵. "The Effects of Different Taping Methods on the Balance in Pepople with Flexible Flatfoot". Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/28091726423623526359.

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碩士
國立體育大學
運動保健學系
104
Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate and compare the effects of different ankle taping methods on the balance of people with flexible flatfoot : Thirty subjects, twelve males and eighteen females(mean age= 22.3 ± 2.1 years ; mean height= 167.9 ± 9.1 cm ; mean weight= 66.9. ± 13.4 kg) participated this study. They were assessed static on balance and dynamic balance with athletic taping and Kinesio taping over ankle joint by using Smart Balance Master. Static balance assessment included static standing with eyes open or closed respectively and single leg standing with eyes open or closed respectively. Dynamic balance assessment included left/right, front/back rhythmic COG shift and COG transition in eight direction targets. Results : Comparing stand with opened and closed eyes test, the difference before and after applying athletic taping and Kinesio taping was not significant (p>.05). The dynamic balance tests demonstrated, the left/right and front/back rhythmic COG shift, the difference before and after applying athletic taping and Kinesio taping was not significant (p>.05). Comparing balance performance between athletic taping and Kinesio taping groups, the difference was not significant with stand with eye open or single leg stand (p>.05). However, subjects have better balance when they stand with closed eyes and single leg with Kinesio taping (p<.05). In the dynamic balance tests, in the test of left/right and front/back rhythmic COG shift, the difference was not significant with taping or not (p>.05). In COG transition over 8 direction targets directions control showed no difference between two geoups (p>.05). Conclusion : Flexible flat foot affects the balance ability. To apply the therapeutic ankle taping could effectively support foot physiology arch and enhance stability of ankle joint. Our study shows ankle-taping methods significantly benefit in single leg standing to improve proprioception. The arch plays an important role in the body’s balance ability. The function of arch should not be neglected.

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32

MIAO-JHEN, CHEN y 陳妙甄. "The Assessment and Applied Study of the Accuracy of the Children Flatfoot Measurement Method". Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/93818546916701152390.

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碩士
中州科技大學
工程技術研究所
101
ABSTRACT Our aim in this study was to analyze the reliability of footprint and foot scanning machines to discuss the accuracy of flatfoot measurements. Our findings should provide reference information for clinical staff in diagnosing foot problems.A total of 62 children (15 girls and 47 boys), aged from 3 to 7 years, were included in this study. Background information, including age, gender, height, weight and body mass index (BMI) was collected. Our study demonstrates two parts, footprint and foot scanning machines. Assessments were conducted using the footprints and digital images, and the foot length, maximum width of forefoot, midfoot and hindfoot. The CSI index and arch index were calculated using software. to analyze the reliability of footprint and foot scanning machines to discuss the accuracy of flatfoot measurements. Intra-class correlation coefficient(ICC) was used to analyze the intra-rater and inter-rater reliability of footprint and foot scanning machines. The study was to examine the reliability of footprint and foot scanning machines to discuss the accuracy of flatfoot measurements. The two measurements show high reliability and the foot scanning machine was highly reliable for measuring flatfoot in preschool-aged children. The arch index was consistency of diagnosing flatfoot. It is recommended that foot scanning machine as the measuring tool of choice and the arch index for diagnosing criteria for flatfoot in preschool-aged children. Key Words : flatfoot, foot pressure scanner, arch, footprint, foot scanning machines

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鍾孟容. "The investigation of flatfoot prevalence in school children and the orthotic effect on gait performance". Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/20707820274551212273.

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博士
國立清華大學
工業工程與工程管理學系
97
Flatfoot is one of the most common foot pathology for children. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of flatfoot for Taiwanese children, the anthropometric database of children with and without flatfoot, as well as the effect of the two different types of commonly used orthoses on objective and subjective responses. Two experiments are included. In the first stage, the prevalence of flatfoot and the anthropometric database of school children in Taiwan have been established. A total of 1024 school children (549 boys and 475 girls) with age 5 to 13 years old participated in this study. Fifteen foot dimensions were measured using a 3D coordinate measuring probe, digital tape measure and Harris mat imprint. The results show that the prevalence of flatfoot for 5 to 13 years old children was 28% with a decreasing trend with age. The prevalence of flatfoot was 35% in boys and 20% in girls. The percent of overweight and obese children was 20%. Obese children have a higher frequency of flatfoot, greater foot dimensions, and less change in foot breadth between weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing conditions than normal weight children. Children with flatfoot have lower foot height and greater foot length change than children with normal feet. In the second stage, through the laboratory experiments, the effect of different orthotic design on the kinematics, kinetics and muscle activity of lower extremity, as well as the rating of perceived exertion were evaluated. Two groups of children with age of 5 to 11 years old were recruited: nine children with flatfoot (arch index above 0.3) and twelve children with normal foot. Flatfoot group has four experiment conditions: the barefoot, shoe-only, Supra-Malleolar Orthosis (SMO), and University of California Biomechanics Laboratory (UCBL) orthosis conditions; while normal foot group has only two experiment conditions: barefoot and shoe-only conditions. The findings show that children with flatfoot tend to walk with the greater joint motions and higher muscle activities of lower extremity, as well as lower vertical ground reaction force (GRF) and longer durations of the first peak forces of vertical and medical-lateral GRFs than those of normal foot children. For the orthotic evaluation, the results indicate that both the SMO and UCBL orthoses can successfully reduce the joint motion of knee and ankle, the mean muscle activity of tibialis anterior, as well as facilitate the occurrence of the first medial-lateral GRF. In addition, the SMO can further reduce the range of hip flexion and increase the vertical GRF. Although the SMO has more positive impact on gait performance than the UCBL orthosis, but it will cause higher discomfort in ankle and lateral forefoot areas. Therefore, the comfort of SMO should be improved, so that it would become more suitable for flatfoot children to use.

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Huang, Yu-Man y 黃渝曼. "Musculoskeletal Characteristics in Low Back Pain Adults with Flexible Flatfoot and Effects of Orthosis Intervention". Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/63351563246073371978.

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碩士
國立陽明大學
物理治療暨輔助科技學系
101
Background: The prevalence of flatfoot decreases with maturation of the skeletal system, but there are about 15% of the adults with flexible flatfoot. It is postulated that the change of static alignment and dynamic kinematics due to foot pronation will result in lower extremity and back problems. The literature contains evidence of the coupling phenomenon of the subtalar joint pronation, tibia internal rotation, and femur internal rotation. Some articles also show an association between pronated foot and low back pain (LBP), but there is insufficient evidence regarding how flexible flatfoot influences kinematics of the pelvic and lumbar regions. If the link between flexible flatfoot and LBP could be established based on this rotational coupling of the lower extremity joints, there should exist an identifiable lumbopelvic pattern in these LBP patients with flexible flatfoot. Simple foot orthosis is shown to change the lower extremity biomechanics, and is widely used to treat pronation-associated pathologies including LBP. However, current evidence and mechanism on insole application to relieve LBP are not clear, and more trials are required. Therefore, the first purpose of our study is to investigate differences of the lumbopelvic alignment and muscular characteristics in low back pain adults with and without flexible flatfoot. The second purpose is to identify the effectiveness of simple foot orthosis on LBP adults with flexible flat foot. Methods: Study 1: Twenty-one LBP individuals with flexible flatfoot (LBP-FF) and gender-age matched LBP patients without flexible flatfoot (LBP) wrer recruited (averaged age of 39.7 ±14.3 years, weight of 65.0 ±10.8 kg and height of 1.65 ±8.08 m). We measured their sacral tilt and lumbar lordosis angles on the standing X-ray images. We also collected data on the pelvic anterior tilt angle, iliopsoas and lumbar paraspinal flexibility, abdominal muscle endurance, and gluteus maximus strength. Study 2: Twenty-three LBP individuals with flexible flatfoot (averaged age of 39.4±5.0 years, weight of 65.9±10.0 kg and height of 1.64±8.78 m) were randomized into either a treatment group treated with simple rearfoot wedged insole or a control group treated with flat insole. We measured pain with Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), function with Patient Specific Functional Scale (PSFS), disability with modified Oswestry disability index (MODI), and overall improvement with global rating scale (GRS) before and 5 weeks after orthosis application. Statistical analysis: Analysis of chi square test and independent t test were performed to investigate the differences of lumbopelvic alignment and muscular characteristics between the LBP-FF and LBP groups. For second purpose, Mann–Whitney U test and chi square test were performed to explore if differences existed between the treatment and control groups. The significance level is set at 0.05. Results: The LBP-FF group demonstrated significant less in pelvic anterior tilt angle (p=0.001) and more in VAS (p= 0.031) as compared to the LBP group. After five weeks of foot orthosis application, the treatment group (n=13) demonstrated significant improvement in MODI (p=0.036), PSFS (p=0.017), and GRS (p=0.027) as compared to the control group (n=10). Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: Foot posture isn’t the only factor that impacts lumbopelvic musculoskeletal characteristics in LBP adults. Five-week application of simple rearfoot wedged insole resulted in significant improvement in LBP adults with flexible flatfoot. Further studies are needed to investigate the interrelationship between flatfoot and LBP. Foot malalignment should be evaluated and treated in the management of LBP.

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Guo, Hao-Chen y 郭昊晨. "Customized Arch Braces to Correct Flatfoot Research Arch Index and Feiss line of Angle Change". Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/50939564510877848012.

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碩士
國立臺南大學
機電系統工程研究所產業碩士專班
104
Flatfoot, a kind of disease causes the fallen lower arch or collapsed plantar arch. It's foot pains arising from abnormal foot bone structure, muscle atrophy, ligament contracture or chronic strain that lead to longitudinal arch or resilience elimination. According to various researches, foot arch assistance devices prove to be effective in releasing foot fatigue and pain. The customized arch braces are employed to correct the flatfoot and the actual efficacy is the key point of this research. We found that the flatfoot correction was with therapeutic vacuum, the best correction effects of male was performed after using for 16 weeks while females are after 12 weeks of use. As for the arch index reduction degree, after correction, five out of ten of male participants, and seven out of ten of female participants, foot arch reduces to normal index (AI), which expressed that the customized arch braces did change the foot form, foot length and width and it also had effects on strengthening the foot muscles and ligament, increasing the resilience of medial longitudinal arch and transverse arch and reducing foot muscle collapse, which can be served as one of the alternatives of invasive therapy to perform foot pressure distribution proportions as normal foot type did, improve the improper pressure and stress caused by abnormal structure. In addition, Feiss line angle of flatfoot has not varied with the reduction of foot type index, which demonstrated that the customized arch braces exerted few effects on Feiss line structural correction. The follow-up studies of whether it can be used for long-term correction tend to be necessary.

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36

Jiang, Xin-Mei y 江欣玫. "Detection of the Flatfoot in Children based on Imaging Foot Index and Ankle Joint Arctangent". Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/fv9t65.

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碩士
國立臺北科技大學
電子工程系研究所
105
The reason of flatfoot problem are medial longitudinal arch collapse and foot medial tilt, it will cause phenomena such as becoming fatigue easily and have poor tolerance after long standing or long distance walking. If these kind of foot have not been trained before the 8-year-old golden period, it would make ankle joint, knee joint and hip joint to bear larger pressure and might cause bad gait problems. The common diagnostic method is to extract the feature of foot arches with ink from footprint and then analysis it. The purpose of this study foucus on evaluating the foot pressure under the action of sitting to standing. When foot absorbed the reaction force against the ground, abnormal foot arch would cause lower body muscle abnormal contraction, and then change the normal biomechanics and pressure distribution on foot. To understand the relative relationship between the plantar image and the direction of the ankle movement, a tool kit was made to measure the foot image, plantar index and ankle-joint movement angle direction based on the experimental action. From the experimental subjects, the plantar image signal will be digitally filtered and perform gamma correction, HSV skin-color extraction, grayscale binarization and other signal processing. Afterwards, the features of plantar arch are automatically stored for searching and displaying. Moreover, two kinds of plantar index, CSI and SAI, are calculated. To find the difference between ordinary people and patients, the follow-up data are combined with the ankle-joint angle signal and analyzed repecstively to find out the corresponding relationship. In this study, a detection system on the flatfoot of children based on imaging foot index and ankle joint arctangent is proposed. We collected the image signals measured from outpatient consultation and kindergarten children, the total subjects included 5 boys and 7 girls. The experimental results are compared with the clinical diagnostic project ink pressure footprint. The ratios of CSI and SAI detected by identical clinical staff were within ±0.020. The ratios of CSI and SAI measured by different clinical staff were within ±0.050. In the sitting to standing measurement, the ratio of CSI and SAI is proportional to dorsiflexion angle. In the sitting to standing measurement, this system could help auxiliary clinical staff to understand the medial longitudinal arch status of flatfoot in children, and enhance the overall clinical diagnostic efficiency.

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37

Hua, Yi-Chun y 華奕珺. "Development of 3D printing foot orthosis with different materials for functional flatfoot: a preliminary research". Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/c8agmm.

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Yu-Min y 林育民. "Radiographic Analysis of the Flatfoot of the Mid-Taiwan Military Recruits (Draftees) at an Orthopaedic Department". Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/51097141902119773845.

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碩士
中山醫學大學
醫學研究所
93
Background and purpose: There is no systemic epidemiologic study of adult flatfoot in Taiwan. The obligation of physical check-up of draftees (military recruits) was transferred to the seven major hospitals from the military hospitals since June 1 2001. The Physical Classification Criteria of the Ministry of Interior demands the draftees with flatfeet to take the weight-bearing true lateral views of their feet, and they are classified as flatfeet when the calcaneal-5th metatarsal angles are greater than 165 degrees. With this unique opportunity, the author calculated the apparent prevalence of the adult flatfoot among the draftees in mid-Taiwan examined at an Orthopaedic department and analyzed the reliability and validity of the criteria of flatfoot classification used by the Ministry of Interior. Methods: From January 1 2003 to December 31 2004, a total of 2475 draftees underwent physical checkup at the Orthopaedic Department of Veterans General Hospital Taichung. A total of 373 draftees took the true lateral radiographs of their bilateral feet was included in the study. The author charted down the results of the report of the radiologist. The author, blinded to the report, reviewed the radiographs and measured the calcaneal pitch, talus-1st metatarsal angle, and calcaneal-5th metatarsal angle. Statistical packages were used for univariate analyses, correlation analyses, paired t-test, chi square test, and receiver operator characteristic curve analyses. Reliabilities were examined with Lin’s concordance correlation coefficients and intraclass correlation coefficients. Validities were assessed with ROC curve analyses. The apparent prevalence of adult flatfoot at the Orthopaedic Department was calculated. Results: The average age of the 373 draftees was 23 +/- 1.9 years. The radiographs of 363 draftees were available for calcaneal pitch, talus-1st metatarsal angle, and calcaneal-5th metatarsal angle measurements. The concordance of the calcaneal-5th metatarsal angle > 165 degrees of both feet is statistically significant (P < 0.001). With the talus-1st metatarsal angle < -4 degrees as the gold standard, the concordance of the talus-1st metatarsal angle < -4 degrees is also statistically significant (P < 0.001). There were 335 draftees at least with the talus-1st metatarsal angle < -4 degrees in one foot, so the apparent prevalence of adult flatfoot at the Orthopaedic Department was 13.53%. Concerning the measurements of the calcaneal-5th metatarsal angle, the interrater agreement was statistically significant (kappa = 0.826, Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient = 0.9458, intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.9459). The agreement of radiographs taken on two different occasions was good for the measurement of the calcaneal-5th metatarsal angle. Lin’s concordance correlation coefficients were 0.8164 and 0.8458 by the radiologist and the author, respectively; intraclass correlation coefficients were 0.8193 and 0.8469 by the radiologist and the author, respectively. The agreement of radiographs taken on two different occasions was fair for the measurement of the talus-1st metatarsal angle, and the Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient and intraclass correlation coefficient were 0.7224 and 0.7262, respectively. The agreement of radiographs taken on different occasions was good for the measurement of the calcaneal pitch, and the Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient and intraclass correlation coefficient were 0.8993 and 0.9023, respectively. With the same rater reviewing the radiographs taken on the two different occasions, the mean difference between the calcaneal pitch, calcaneal-5th metatarsal angle was less than 1 degree on the Bland-Altman plot, except the mild increased difference of the talus-1st metatarsal angle of the right foot. With the talus-1st metatarsal angle < -4 degrees as the gold standard, the area under the ROC curves was 0.781 and 0.837 for the calcaneal-5th metatarsal angle and calcaneal pitch, respectively. The area under these two curves differed statistically (P < 0.001). From the ROC curve of the calcaneal-5th metatatarsal angle, the best cutoff point was > 164 degrees with the sensitivity of 47.9% and specificity of 92.6%. If the cutoff point was selected for calcaneal-5th metatarsal angle > 165 degrees, the sensitivity and specificity would be 40.6% and 94.4%, respectively. With the age of the draftees, side of foot, calcaneal-5th metatarsal angle, and calcaneal pitch as multiple linear regression variables to estimate the talus-1st metatarsal angle, the multiple regression model is statistically significant (P < 0.001, R2 = 0.4097). The standardized coefficients were as follows: calcaneal pitch, 0.73 (P < 0.001); calcaneal-5th metatarsal angle, 0.12 (P = 0.432); age, -0.06 (P = 0.0286); side of foot, 0.04 (P = 0.1247). Conclusion: The apparent prevalence of adult flatfoot in the Mid- Taiwan is lower than the prevalence of Canadian soldiers in 1947 (23%). From the viewpoint of the disease screening tools, the calcaneal-5th metatarsal angle was not better than the calcaneal pitch. From the results of the multiple linear regression, the calcaneal pitch might reveal the relationship of the talus between metatarsals in adult flatfoot. From the viewpoints of conscription, the calcaneal-5th metatarsal angle was better because of higher specificity. The concordance of the calcaneal-5th metatarsal angle between the observers and on the different radiographic occasion was good.

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Fu-Hsiang, Chang y 張富翔. "Biomechanical Characteristics in Runners with Flexible Flatfoot and Effects of Neuromuscular Training for Related Running Injuries". Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/24475925906657147143.

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碩士
國立陽明大學
物理治療暨輔助科技學系
103
Background and Purpose: Biomechanical stresses in subjects with flexible flatfoot (FFF) during running and other loaded activities with high repetition easily cause significant injuries to the musculoskeletal system. Literature reflects that excessive rearfoot pronation would cause increased lower extremity internal rotation and pelvic anterior tilt, and also lead to excessive knee valgus, hip adduction, pelvic instability in dynamic movements. These abnormal skeletal malalignment causes poor force transfer between the foot and spine in functional movements and accumulated tissue stresses in the lower extremity and lumbar region over time leading to the development of lower extremity injuries such as patellofemoral pain syndrome, shin splints, plantar fasciitis and low back pain. Till now, there have been no empirical evidence focusing on the lower extremity chain reaction in functional movements. To offset the malalignment associated with FFF it is important to reestablish the kinetic control and maintain joint stability from the foot to spine and integrate them into functional activities of daily living. However, no studies have investigated the effects of neuromuscular control exercise on lower extremity kinetic control and symptom improvement; especially in runners with FFF. Purposes: 1) To investigate the biomechanical characteristics between runners with and without FFF and 2) To examine whether neuromuscular training from the foot to spine is beneficial in runners with FFF and lower extremity or low back pain. Methods: The first part of this study was a cross sectional, matched-control design. We recruited twenty runners with FFF and associated lower extremity or low back pain, and fifteen age, gender, and BMI matched healthy subjects with normal foot type as the comparison group. After the baseline assessment of physical characteristics, the subjects were tested with a motion capture system and surface electromyography to collect kinematic and muscle activation data of the lower extremity during level walking and single leg squatting. The second part of this study was a one group pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design. 17 Subjects with FFF and running related lower extremity pain in the first part of study received neuromuscular training from the foot to spine. Outcome was evaluated by visual analog scale (VAS) for pain and lower extremity functional scale (LEFS), as well as kinematic and electromyography changes after 6 weeks of training. Results: There was no significant difference on the kinematics data, but muscle activation of tibialis anterior and biceps femoris was significantly higher during both functional tasks (5%, p<.05; 4.73%, p<.05), and activation of peroneus longus was lower (6.24%, p<.05) during level walking in symptomatic runners with FFF. After 6-week neuromuscular training, runners with FFF showed significantly smaller hip adduction (2.14°, p<.005) and trend of decreased hip internal rotation during single leg squatting. In muscle activity, tibialis anterior were lower during level walking (4.17%, p<.005) and higher during single leg squatting (8.74%, p<.005). These subjects also reported decreased pain (3.29%, p<.005) and increased lower extremity function (3.6%, p<.005) after 6-week training. Conclusion: Knee and ankle muscle activity were different between symptomatic runners with FFF and healthy runners with normal arch. Neuromuscular training can change lower extremity motor control and improve pain and dysfunction in runners with FFF. Keywords: flexible flatfoot, lower extremity kinematics, lower extremity electromyography, neuromuscular training

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Brabencová, Hana. "Specifické změny na nohách krasobruslařů a možnosti jejich fyzioterapeutického ovlivnění - literární rešerše". Master's thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-308216.

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Title of diploma thesis: Specific foot changes in figure skaters and options for their physiotherapeutic intervention. Objective: The purpose of this thesis is to research available literary sources concerning anatomy, kinesiology and biomechanics of foot and foot arch in relation to specific foot changes resulting from figure skating. In addition, the thesis seeks to research various physiotherapeutic approaches which could be applied in prevention, compesation or therapy of these changes. Methods: This diploma thesis has descriptively-analytical character. It is structured in the form of literary research. Results: On the basis of the researched literary sources, this thesis provides a comprehensive picture on the topic of foot in figure skaters. Based on the research, the thesis identifies foot changes resulting from deformation of the foot in the skate. Subsequently, the thesis discussess the possible physiotherapeutic approaches which can be applied in prevention, compensation or therapy of these changes. Key words: foot, figure skating, flatfoot, physiotherapy

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41

CHEN, SHENG-YU y 陳聖御. "An investigation of plantar pressure changes from a different textured insole in flatfoot and normal foot population". Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/qdabb7.

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碩士
國立雲林科技大學
資訊管理系
105
The foot of the body has a very important structure called the Arch. Its role is mainly to buffer the impact and pressure from ground when you are walking, Arch can be said to be a natural shock absorber. And flatfoot is the collapse of the arch, Foot pain will intensify after a long period of activity, If let symptoms continue, then the time of pain will be longer and longer, and lead to complications such as plantar fasciitis. The complications of flatfoot and the effects on the gait and health are likely to be caused by changes in the sensation of the plantar. Therefore, this study focus on the issue of sensory input on plantar, and attempts to change the sensory input on plantar to understand the changes in plantar pressure. This study is to make flatfoot and normal foot wear five different textured insoles to change the feeling of the plantar, and make ANOVA difference analysis with the normal insoles. The results show that the texture have the ability to concentrate the foot pressure, the texture make the texture place's foot pressure significantly increased, while the texture’s nearby parts will have the situation of foot pressure decrease. However, the results of the normal foot have part of different. the texture’s nearby parts are not affected, it maybe because of its good sense of balance caused by.According to the results of this study, if let the texture be placed on the position of the lower foot pressure, it can make nearby parts of high pressure position’s foot pressure to do the dispersion, to achieve the effect of evenly distributed foot pressure, you can avoid because of high foot pressure and lead to foot disease or neurological and musculoskeletal impairments.

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42

Hsiang-Li, Lin y 林香里. "Research of the correlation between dynamic balance and functional performance on 7-year-old children with flatfoot". Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/57222205546202865918.

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碩士
國立臺中教育大學
早期療育研究所
98
Research of the correlation between dynamic balance and functional performance on 7-year-old children with flatfoot Abstract Flatfoot is the most common pediatric-orthopedic problem. Although the clinical evidence shows flexible flatfoot has been treated passively; undoubtedly, there are still few flatfoot children have low foot arch and painful lower extremity when they grow-up. Most studies in foreign countries focus on prevalence and correlation factors. The Taiwan domestic researches of flatfoot children over the past few years had been studying the change of foot arch may cause the differences of biomechanical and functional performance. However, the researches of the correlation between dynamic balance and functional performance on flatfoot children are much less than discussed. In consider of convenience and availability of outcome measure tool, the single-leg dynamic balance test will be applied by Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) and the functional performance test will be applied by Pediatric Reach Test (PRT) as well as The Timed ‘up & go’ Test. The main purpose of this research will be: 1. Find out the differences of single-leg dynamic balance between 7-year-old children with different foot types (normal foot and flatfoot). 2. Study the differences of functional performance between 7-year-old children with different foot types (normal foot and flatfoot). 3. Discuss the correlation between Star Excursion Balance Test on 7-year-old children with flatfoot and Pediatric Reach Test as well as The Timed ‘up & go’ Test. In addition, this research is the cross section pilot study. The test sample is typical developmental 7-year-old children and sampling source is from the cases of one specific regional teaching hospital outpatient service in middle of Taiwan. By considering the convenience of sampling, this research excludes any disorder of musculoskeletal system, central and peripheral neural system. Also, the test sample has no ankle sprain as well as other foot disorders within 3 months before receiving tests. The single-leg balance measure tool of this research needs children to be cooperated and stay focus for a certain period of time. Thus, in case any test sample is failed for SEBT, it will be excluded in test result. The process of conducting this experiment will be firstly explaining the content of experiment to each parents of test sample and then categorize as flatfoot team and typical foot team by using foot-print analysis. There are 17 test samples in flatfoot team and 20 test samples in typical foot team. After measuring the functional performance, then the single-foot dynamic balance test will be conducted. This research data is analyzed by SPSS 13.0 English version. The statistics methods are Descriptive statistics, Chi-Square Test, Mann-Whitney Test and Pearson Correlation Test of the Non-parametric Statistics. The significance level of all statistics methods are setup at 0.05. The experiment result shows: 1. Children with normal foot arch have better lateral excursion balance ability in single-foot dynamic balance test than those children with flatfoot. 2. No difference is found for 7-year-old children with different foot type in functional performance test. 3. It’s observable to find out the experiment result of 7-year-old children with flatfoot implied related trend of dynamic balance and functional performance. The difference of 7-year-old children’s foot arch-height doesn’t influence their functional performance. However, if we look at tiny balance performance, there will be some differences. Such difference might not cause any change in daily life, but it might be different for test sample when he or she is conducting certain activity which required highly skill or coordination. Due to the limit of sampling, it’s necessary to be more cautious when making conclusion of test result.

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43

Lo, Huei Yu y 羅惠郁. "A Study of Electrodermal Activities of Acupoints in Children with Flatfoot and Normal Foot Based on Ryodoraku Measurement". Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/18837716054154140243.

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碩士
長庚大學
中醫學系傳統中醫學
98
Flatfoot a common condition in the outpatient department of pediatric rehabilitation and orthopedics. Without active treatment or correction, the injury of musculoskeletal system would progress gradually as the patient ages. This study aims to verify whether the physical manifestation of meridian and acupoint would be affected by the variation structure of flatfoot comparing to normal foot by measuring the electrodermal activity of acupoints. We selected 30 children with flatfoot as subjects and 30 children with normal feet as control group. Twenty-four ryodoraku on bilateral body sides were measured in both groups. In addition, electrodermal activity was measured among the acupoints which are affected by the collapsed arches mostly, including Youngquan (KI1), Gongsun (SP4), and Rangu (KI2) which acupoints are higher correlated with flatfoot low arch area. The analysis showed that the electrodermal activities of Taichong (LR3) (p＜0.029) and Youngquan-acupoint (KI1) (p＜0.017）on each side of body is different significantly, whereas this result was not seen in control group. The asymmetric presentation of acupoint electric activity on children with flatfoot reveals the alterations of physical function. Further research is needed to examine whether the musculoskeletal injury of flatfoot can be reduced by balancing the electrodermal activity of acupoints according to chinese medicine theory, such as acupoint massage or other exercising physical therapy, a simple method to prevent from flatfoot and preserve one’s health.

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44

Costa, Francisca Santos de Pinho. "Long-term outcomes of the calcaneo-stop procedure in the treatment of flexible flatfoot in children - A retrospective study". Master's thesis, 2015. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/89184.

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Costa, Francisca Santos de Pinho. "Long-term outcomes of the calcaneo-stop procedure in the treatment of flexible flatfoot in children - A retrospective study". Dissertação, 2015. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/89184.

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46

Chiang, Chu-Yuan y 姜筑元. "Effects of six-minute fast walking on changes in lower extremity biomechanics and muscle activity in individuals with flatfoot". Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/j74bqu.

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碩士
國立陽明大學
物理治療暨輔助科技學系
106
Background Flatfoot is a common disorder which is caused by dysfunction of medial longitudinal arch. The disorder give rise to abnormal biomechanics and change the muscle activation of lower extremity. Individuals with flatfoot usually exhibit symptoms such as fatigue and discomfort after fast walking, and association syndromes to proximal lower extremity joints. These associated syndromes usually result from overuse injury or repetitive loading. Therefore, it is important to understand how after a challenging walking activity affects the biomechanics and muscle activities of the lower extremity. Purpose To assess changes of lower extremity muscles activities and biomechanics during functional tasks before and immediately after six-minute fast walking in healthy and individuals with flexible flatfoot. Hypothesis Muscle activation would be different between flexible flatfoot group and healthy subjects. MLA would become dysfunction and lead to expose the abnormal biomechanics on lower extremity during function tasks. Material and Method Nineteen individuals with flexible flatfoot (10M9F, age: 24.74±2.68) and fifteen healthy subjects (6M9F, age: 24.47±3.74) participated in this study. All subjects performed maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) and functional tasks including walking, single-leg standing and sit-to-stand before and immediately after a 6-minute fast-walking protocol. The motion capture (Vicon Motion Systems Ltd, Oxford, UK) system, force plate (Switzerland and AMTI, USA) and the surface electromyography (sEMG) system (MP150, BIOPAC Systems Inc., CA, USA) were used to collect kinematics and muscle activation data respectively. Results Both groups showed decreased muscle activity in abductor hallucis in sit-to-stand and increased muscle activity in gastrocnemius in single-leg-stand. In walking test, peroneus longus increased only in healthy group, and gastrocnemius increased in flexible flatfoot group. Result from EMG median frequency showed a decrease in tibialis anterior and an increase in abductor hallucis after 6-min fast walking in flatfoot group, suggesting fatigue and muscle recruitment in tibialis anterior and abductor hallucis, respectively. Ankle showed more inversion moment in posttest in both groups. Compared to healthy, flexible flatfoot group had more adduction, plantarflexion and inversion in ankle moment at posttest, and less knee external rotation moment at pretest. Conclusion Compared to the healthy group, different muscle activation showed on flexible flatfoot group. Except greater recruitment of abductor hallucis, increase muscle activation of extrinsic muscle to compensate at the same time. The primary change of biomechanics was found on ankle and knee joint, however the evidence between flexible flatfoot and associated syndrome on hip joint and low back are require further investigation.

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47

Marouvo, Joel Emídio Duarte. "What are the differences between subjects with and without flatfoot condition, with the aid of ultrasonography, kinematics, and kinetics in posture and gait?" Doctoral thesis, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/139850.

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O complexo do pé tem um papel importante na postura, equilíbrio, estabilidade e movimento, durante as posições estáticas e nos padrões gerais de movimento. Alterações estruturais ou funcionais no complexo do pé e no seu posicionamento podem afetar a postura e o movimento das estruturas distais e proximais. Comumente, indivíduos com pé plano desenvolvem restrições neurológicas ou musculares, frouxidão ligamentar ou articular, movimento excessivo e atividade muscular. Essa condição leva a maiores riscos de desenvolver lesões por sobrecarga mecânica nas articulações dos membros inferiores adjacentes. O objetivo é determinar se existem diferenças entre indivíduos com pé plano em comparação com indivíduos com pé neutro, em relação à postura e à análise do padrão de marcha. A amostra foi constituída por sujeitos com pé plano e neutro, alocados em dois grupos. Todos os sujeitos foram submetidos a procedimentos de avaliação para serem alocados em um dos grupos. Cada participante foi submetido à avaliação do padrão de marcha e postura, com auxílio de sistema MOCAP, e à avaliação da rigidez muscular com Ultrassonografia e, por fim, à avaliação da pressão plantar com uma plataforma de pressões. Os sujeitos com pé plano mostraram várias alterações e diferenças quando comparados aos participantes com pé neutro, de acordo com os principais resultados da análise da postura e do padrão de marcha. Considerando todos os estudos realizados e incluídos nesta tese, várias diferenças foram encontradas em indivíduos de pé plano. Porém, a maioria desses resultados são contraditórios com os resultados presentes na literatura, dando um crescimento da evidência científica sobre a condição de pé plano e a sua influência na postura, e no padrão de marcha. No entanto, em relação à falta de consenso sobre os resultados e condições de avaliação, vários estudos necessitam ser realizados para criar uma maior robustez da evidência científica. Porém, no que se refere ao rigor metodológico em relação a diferentes parâmetros, novos estudos precisam de abranger variáveis que foquem a avaliação geral da condição e não apenas do complexo do pé. Palavras-chave: POSTURA DE PÉ, PADRÕES DE MOVIMENTO, PÈ PLANO, BIOMECÂNICA.
The foot complex has an important role in posture, balance, stability, and movement, during the static positions and in overall movements' patterns. Structural or functional alteration in the foot complex and foot posture may have an impact on posture and movement on distal and proximal structures. Commonly, subjects with flatfoot develop neurological or muscular restrictions, ligament or joint laxity, excessive motion, and muscle activity. This condition leads to higher risks of developing mechanical overloading injuries on adjacent lower-limb joints. The aim of this study is to determine if there are differences between flatfoot subjects compared to neutral foot subjects, regarding posture and gait pattern analysis. The sample was constituted by subjects with a flat and neutral foot, allocated in two groups. All subjects were submitted to assessment procedures to be allocated in one of the groups. Therefore, each participant was submitted to gait pattern and posture assessment, with the aid of a MOCAP system, and to muscle stiffness assessment with an ultrasound-based Shear- Wave Elastography and, finally to plantar pressure assessment with a baropodometric platform. Flatfoot subjects showed several alterations and differences when compared to neutral foot participants considering all principal outcomes along with posture and gait pattern. Considering all studies realized and included in this thesis, several differences were found in flatfoot subjects. Thus, most of those results are contradictory to those found in the literature, giving a growth of evidence relatively to foot posture condition and influence in posture and gait pattern. However, regarding the lack of consensus about the outcomes and assessment conditions, further studies need to be performed to create a more robust body of evidence. Although, regarding methodological deficiency regarding influencing aspects, further studies need to encompass methodological variables handling to focus on an overall evaluation of the condition and not only on the foot complex.

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Hiršová, Pavlína. "Vliv konstituční hypermobility, obezity a stavu nožní klenby na výsledky v testu dle Véleho u dětí mladšího školního věku". Master's thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-342029.

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Title: Effect of constitutional hypermobility, obesity and the condition of the foot arch on the results of the Véle test of primary school children Objektives: The aim of my study was to establish whether the foot arch, scope of joint mobility and body weight affects the postural stability of primary school children. Another aim was to compare the incidence of functional flatfoot, constitutional hypermobility and obesity or overweight among school age children. Methods: The data were processed from selected primary schools in Prague 6. In total participed 854 children 7 - 12 years old. The used methods were common and accessible physiotherapy methods. The stability was evaluated according Véle test. Flat foot was examined aspection in standing, assessment of flexibility was performed while standing on tiptoes. Hypermoblity was determined using test according to Janda and body weight was determined by body mass index. Data were evaluated in Microsoft Office Excel. Results: We found that the evaluation of the Véle test better performance girls than boys. Rigid flat foot was more common in pupils of 2nd class, functional flat foot in pupils of 6th class. Constitutional hypermobility suffer more girls 2nd class, overweight or obese suffer more girls of 6th class. We found that functional flat foot has...

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SYU, WAN-TING y 徐婉庭. "The Study of Information System Continuance Model: Online Indoor Cycling Flatform". Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/e7tr5u.

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碩士
朝陽科技大學
休閒事業管理系
105
This study aimed to explore Zwift users’ among in Information System Continuance Model, Virtual Community and Perceived Critical Mass relationship. Object of study was users on Zwift of login for 15 days or try riding 50,000 km for free in Zwift Taiwan. Sampling method was purposive sampling, there were 272 valid questionnaires and the effective rate of 98 %. The statistical analysis methods included descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and structure equation model. The results were as follows: 1. Zwift users is male, unmarried, aged from 31 to 40 years old, university or specialist degree, average monthly income of 40,000 or more, average monthly cost on Zwift of 10 to 15 dollars USD, average frequency of using on Zwift of three times weekly and each time of using on Zwift between an hour and two hours. 2. Zwift users among Information System Continuance Model variables are having the significant impact effect: Perceived usefulness and satisfaction on confirmation have a significant effect; Satisfaction and continuance intention on perceived usefulness have a significant effect; Continuance intention on satisfaction has a significant effect. 3. Information System Continuance Model is added after external variables: Zwift users’ virtual community has a significant effect on continuance intention, but perceived critical mass hasn’t.

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50

Hajizadeh, Maryam. "Towards understanding the functionality of foot orthosis based on foot structure and function". Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/25296.

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The raw data related to the second study of this thesis (Chapter 3) is available online in the section of supporting information at https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0232677. These files present the following data: S1 File. The pattern of foot orthosis depression/reformation for healthy subjects during walking with sport versus regular foot orthosis. S2 File. Raw data for the training session of sport foot orthosis. This Excel file consists three sheets in which the position of triad markers, the orientation of triad markers and the position of markers on plantar surface of foot orthosis are provided respectively. S3 File. Raw data for walking with sport foot orthosis. This Excel file consists two sheets in which the position of triad markers and the orientation of triad markers are provided respectively for subject 1. S4 File. The results of each participant during walking with sport foot orthosis. This .mat file includes “DispEachPoint” and “DispEachPointMean” which shows the displacement of each predicted marker on foot orthosis plantar surface during stance phase of walking relative to its corresponding position in static non weight-bearing for each trial and the average of trials respectively. In addition, “loc_stance” and “loc_meanstance” show the location of each predicted marker during stance phase of walking. “peaks” and “peaksMean” represent the minimum (depression) and maximum (reformation) value of displacement during walking S5 File. The results of each participant during walking with regular foot orthosis. This .mat file includes “DispEachPoint” and “DispEachPointMean” which shows the displacement of each predicted marker on foot orthosis plantar surface during stance phase of walking relative to its corresponding position in static non weight-bearing for each trial and the average of trials respectively. In addition, “loc_stance” and “loc_meanstance” show the location of each predicted marker during stance phase of walking. “peaks” and “peaksMean” represent the minimum (depression) and maximum (reformation) value of displacement during walking
Les orthèses plantaires (OP) sont des dispositifs médicaux fréquemment utilisés pour réduire les douleurs et blessures de surutilisation, notamment chez les personnes ayant les pieds plats. Le port d'OP permettrait de corriger les altérations biomécaniques attribuées à la déformation du pied plat, que sont la perte de l’arche longitudinale médiale et la pronation excessive du pied. Cependant, le manque de compréhension de la fonction des OP entraine une grande variabilité des OP prescrites en milieu clinique. L'objectif de cette thèse est d'approfondir les connaissances sur l’effet des OP sur la biomécanique, de quantifier les déformations des OP à la marche et de mettre en relation ces déformations avec la biomécanique du pied. La première étude a évalué la manière dont les différentes conceptions d'OP imposent des modifications dans le mouvement et le chargement appliqué sur le pied. Cet objectif a été atteint grâce à une revue systématique traitant des effets des OP sur la cinématique et la cinétique du membre inférieur pendant la marche chez des personnes ayant des pieds normaux. Les critères d'inclusion ont réduit les études à celles qui ont fait état des résultats pour les géométries les plus fréquentes des OP, à savoir les biseaux, les supports d’arche et les stabilisateurs de talon. La revue a mis en évidence que les orthèses avec un biseau médial peuvent réduire le moment d'éversion de la cheville. Aucune évidence significative n'a été trouvée dans notre méta-analyse sur l'efficacité des orthèses incluant des supports d’arche ou des stabilisateurs de talon. Les différents procédés et matériaux utilisés dans la conception des OP ainsi que les caractéristiques des pieds des participants pourraient expliquer la variabilité retrouvée au regard des effets des OP sur la biomécanique. La deuxième étude a apporté des informations précieuses et inédites sur le comportement dynamique des OP à la marche. La cinématique du contour des OP a été utilisée pour prédire la déformation de leur surface plantaire pendant la marche chez 13 individus ayant des pieds normaux en utilisant un réseau de neurones artificiels. Une erreur moyenne inférieure à 0,6 mm a été obtenue pour nos prédictions. En plus de la précision des prédictions, le modèle a été capable de différencier le patron de déformations pour deux OP de rigidités différentes et entre les participants inclus dans l’étude. Enfin, dans une troisième étude, nous avons identifié la relation entre la déformation des OP personnalisées et la biomécanique du pied à la marche chez 17 personnes avec des pieds plats. L'utilisation de modèles linéaires mixtes a permis d’exprimer les variations de la déformation des OP dans différentes régions en fonction des variables cinématiques du pied et de pressions plantaires. Cette étude a montré que l'interaction pied-OP varie selon les différentes régions de l’OP et les différentes phases du cycle de marche. Ainsi, des lignes directrices préliminaires ont été fournies afin de standardiser et optimiser la conception des OP. Dans l'ensemble, les résultats de cette thèse justifient l'importance d’'intégrer des caractéristiques dynamiques du pied de chaque individu dans la conception d'OP personnalisées. Des études futures pourraient étendre les modèles de prédiction de l'interaction pied-OP en incluant d'autres paramètres biomécaniques tels que les moments articulaires, les activations musculaires et la morphologie du pied. De tels modèles pourraient être utilisés pour développer des fonctions coût pour l'optimisation de la conception des OP par une approche itérative utilisant la simulation par les éléments finis.
Foot orthoses (FOs) are frequently used medical devices to manage overuse injuries and pain in flatfoot individuals. Wearing FOs can result in improving the biomechanical alterations attributed to flatfoot deformity such as the loss of medial longitudinal arch and excessive foot pronation. However, a lack of a clear understanding of the function of FOs contributes to the highly variable FOs prescribed in clinical practice. The objective of this thesis was to deepen the knowledge about the biomechanical outcomes of FOs and to formulate the dynamic behaviour of FOs as a function of foot biomechanics during gait. The primary study investigated how different designs of FOs impose alterations in foot motion and loading. This objective was achieved through a systematic review of all literature reporting the kinematics and kinetics of the lower body during walking with FOs in healthy individuals. The inclusion criteria narrowed the studies to the ones which reported the outcomes for common designs of FOs, namely posting, arch support, and heel support. The review identified some evidence that FOs with medial posting can decrease ankle eversion moment. No significant evidence was found in our meta-analysis for the efficiency of arch supported and heel supported FOs. The findings of this study revealed that differences in FO design and material as well as foot characteristics of participants could explain the variations in biomechanical outcomes of FOs. The second study provided valuable information on the dynamic behaviour of customized FOs. The kinematics of FO contour was used to predict the deformation of FO plantar surface in 13 healthy individuals during walking using an artificial intelligence approach. An average error below 0.6 mm was achieved for our predictions. In addition to the prediction accuracy, the model was capable to differentiate between different rigidities of FOs and between included participants in terms of range and pattern of deformation. Finally, the third study identified the relationship between the deformation of customized FOs and foot biomechanics in 17 flatfoot individuals during walking. The use of linear mixed models made it possible to identify the variables of foot kinematics and region-dependent plantar pressure that could explain the variations in FO deformation. This study showed that the foot-FO interaction changes over different regions of FO and different phases of gait cycle. In addition, some preliminary guidelines were provided to standardize and optimize the design of FOs. Overall, the results of this thesis justify the importance of incorporating the dynamic characteristics of each individual’s foot into the design of customized FOs. Future studies can extend the predictive models for foot-FO interactions by including other determinants of foot biomechanics such as joint moments, muscle activation, and foot morphology. Based on such extended models, the cost functions could be devised for optimizing the designs of customized 3D printed FOs through an iterative approach using finite element modeling.

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